High street generation portfolio(2020-2021)(Part of)

SYMBIOSIS · LIVING TOGETHER

STUDIO F: HIGH STREET REGENERATION IN TYLDESLEY

DESIGN PROJECT 2: KRZYSZTOF NAWRATEK

STUDIO TUTOR: ROSANNA SUTCLIFFE

MAAD: YING ZUO

REGISTRATION NUMBER:200202462

DATE: 24/05/2021

HIGH STREET REGENERATION RESEARCH STRUCTURE

THEORY RELATED INTRODUCTION

POINT AT CIVIC SPACES

SITUATEDNESS

ETHIC CARE

POINT AT COMMUNITY

STRUCTURE

TECHNOLOGY

WALKABLE CITY

TIDAL BLOCK

FEMINISM

FLUID CREATIVITY

Research Question and Methodology

Research Question

ECOLOGIES

How to regenerate high street combined with local communities.

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

Research Methodology

Field research, statistical data analysis, participant observation, metrological analysis, case study, drawing, modeling and scenario making...

BUSINESS STRATEGY

DESIGN PROJECT

HIGH STREET REGENERATION IN TYLDELSEY CONCLUSION

DEMANDS

PART I GENERAL RESEARCH

Definition of highstreet Overview

High street, also known as ‘main street’ in American English, is the main commercial area and shopping thoroughfare of a town or village, also a specific part of British culture. High street has parallelism between ‘city center’ and ‘business circle’ in other cultures, but more regional. It is the origin of the villages, towns, even cities most of time, and the change of high street harmonized the city development.

However, high street has been declined in recent years ， amounts of dead high street increased. The £95 million government-funded programme, which is delivered by ‘Historical England’, demonstrates the institution’s ambition of revitalizing high street. 68 high streets have been offered funding for high street heritage action zone design to give them a new lease of life.

Comparing with the golden age of high street, Edwardian, and today's popular high streets, it seems like there are something in common. According to speculate activities and demands of different people, perhaps we can boldly guess the conditions of a ideal high street should have.

The development of high street is not seperated, the planning of high street needs the participation and approval of local communities.

DEFINITION & KEY WORDS

IDEAL HIGH STREET SUCCESSFUL

WHY

Why

COVID-19

Diagram:

From Diagram

Due to covid-19, people's daily life have been changed. Due to the limited of spaces and concerned about individual safety, people reduce their time on exercising, and most of them are outdoor activities as well.

Since the population limited during period of lockdown, the amount of people who choose shopping offline decrease, some of them choose another time to the shops or shops nearby and some of them prefer to buy things online.

From another aspect, due to stay at home for studying and working, people's time for working and education became seperated. Instead spend time on the way to office or school, they can having class or working more avaible.

Covid-19 changed high streets as well. Before 2020, business distribution of high street was more affected by online shopping development. However, after the pandemic, since the shops have to be closed following government's regulation, it became tough for retailers.

With the improvement of the pandemic and lifted of lockdown, it became kind of stimulate to the economy situation in high street. The thoughts from the pandamic brings new questions. Since it is more than one and a half century since high street appearanced, it changed obviously. How can we defined high street today? What's the key words of today's high street? Which of the travellers or local residents influenced high street more? What's the demands of different groups for high street? Which kind of group have more potential to bring vitality and make high street alive? What's their ideal high street like?

ADULTS

The answers will be absolutely different for different site,however they may inspired my studio program which is associated in high street regeneration in Tyldesley. What

want to have a break here. want to read here.

Characteristics of high street

Different group have their own ideal high street, they hope it can satisfied all the demands from them. As what has been expressed in collage: what do people want in high street? Different groups have different demands.

Elders want break place in high street, they want to see active youngers here which can make them feel energetic as well. Kids want to play games or do sports here,they want to make friends here, and which attracted them more are snacks shops or ice-cream vans. Youngers want to socialize in high street. They want to meet friends here, have fun or just have a cup of tea; some of them prefer trendy commodities, they may want to ring in as much internet celebration shops as possible.

Middle aged citizens are more realistic and prefer pragmatism. They hope there can be enough functional businesses in high street to satissfied they and their families' daily needs. Moreover, if it is possible, they also want to do some side businesses to earn extra money. Parents with kids and citizen with special circumstances, they required individual spaces to deal with their own problems. As for marginal citizens, they want to take part in social activities and integrate into urban daily life.

From the analyse did before, we can point out some of the characteristics of high streets:

A. Combine the functions of shopping, eating and socialising

B. Have a multi-faceted social destination

C. The center of attention

D. Main commercial Area

E. Satisfied people's needs

F. Related to culture/ community

The one worthwhile to be mentioned is the relationship between high street and urban history and urban culture. To planning high street better, we have to include elements from city memories to make it unique, and make locals feel close, which required us to explore and think deeply of city memory. On the other hand, most of high street have been built for quite a long time, some of them haven't change much compared to a century before, and some change a lot. This reminds us to noticed listed building in city, and how to make heritages protection coexisted with high street regeneration.

Although more shopping can be transformed online, there are still many possibilities of future high street. High street is not only shopping place, but also social spaces to satisfied citizens' social activities. There have been some tries already, such as showroom of Amazon, where people can view goods and pick up orders. Another predict is about sharing economy, which is a mixture of functional shops. It is also important to have more activities oin high street to make citizens feel involved.

Feminism, Consumerism, And Inclusion

DECORATE, AND FORGOTTEN CIVILIANS

SITUATEDNESS FLUID CREATIVITY ECOLOGIES

ETHIC CARE

Women do not occupy shopping centers naturally, it can be date back to 19 century, the time after the second industry revolution. For many middle-class housewives in Victorian Britain, shopping was their first taste of real freedom, and the starting point for their push into public life, historian Erika Diane Rappaport explained. “During a period in which a family’s respectability and social position depended upon the idea that the middle-class wife and daughter remain apart from the market, politics, and public space, the female shopper was an especially disruptive figure.”

Bazaars and markets are as old as civilization, but the ideas of unnecessarily buying like sipping drinks are totally modern, which first gained popularity in 1800s. As urban centers coalesced in the 19th century, they were primarily the domain of men. Cities were sites of politics and business. Women weren't entirely excluded, says historian Mica Nava, but their public presence was scarce. Women are decorating, and limited to wealthy ladies.

What changed in the 19th century was industrialisation and the manufacturing revolution, which churned out furniture, flatware, and clothing in dazzling volumes. The explosion in the variety and availability of affordable consumer goods meant that the growing middle class could suddenly buy things just for the joy of it. And the task of tastefully selecting among these luxury goods fell to the women. Shopping gave middle-class women a foothold in the modern city, and for many, a new pastime. Soon, housewives started roaming the city under the pretence of buying things. By this new definition, ‘shopping’ did not always involve an actual purchase. It was about the pleasures of perusing, taking in the sights, the displays, the people.

Urban retailers eagerly welcomed the women. They invented places like the department store, where women could shop comfortably, surrounded by amenities and in semi-private. ‘By providing a reason – shopping – for women to appear unescorted in public, as well as arranging safe spaces like restrooms and tea rooms where women could gather or sit alone without fear of being molested by men … department stores also made it possible for women to leave the domestic space of the home and lay claim to the centre of the city

Slowly, the city reconfigured itself in response to the demands of shopping women. In the London of the early 1800s, suburban women day-trippers often had no place to eat lunch or even use the lavatory. But soon, Rappaport writes, protean feminists were pressuring the city government to install public lavatories. Clubs and tea shops sprang up for women to have a bite to eat in between their shopping excursions. It seems that women have been social players that day, they are the target group of merchants, which try every measure to hollow out women’s wallet. Now a century later, vigorous feminist affirmative action made the world pluralism, and talk about ‘feminist power’. However, we are still call for the respect and equal rights, for shelter with criminal shadow in high street, for malicious sight towards women. It’s irony that patriarchal thoughts regard feminism as the opposite and taunt for their resistance.

What we are talking about as feminism, is a power of inclusive, not only towards the group who is powerful, wealthy, and knowledgeable, but marginal group. The special characteristics from feminism like empathy and fundamental emotion make them perceive the plight of others easier, and make else integrate into the community effectively.

MATERIALISM, AND SILENT FEMALE LABOR CIVILIAN WITH LIMITIED FREEDOM MODERN GIRLS, AND TWISTED DESIRE FEMINISM, AND AFFIRMATIVE MOVEMENT

FEMINISM, PLURALISM AND INCLUSIVITY RATIONAL, RESTRAINT, EXTROVERTED WORLD WITH UNCERTAINTY BEFORE TRANSITION INTERIM CLIMAX LATER FUTURE PRIME

CASE STUDY

1 Haworth Tompkins Bristol Old Vic

2 Preston New Market Hall, John Bridge

Materials and Viewing Platform

Source: https://www.haworthtompkins.com/work/bristol-old-vic

- Mezzanine galleries, winding timber staircases and viewing platforms allow the entire audience to move up, down and around a single, convivial space before and after each show, and the local community to enjoy the foyer throughout the day as a café, bar and meeting place.

4 UAL Campus

Market

Source: https://www.fwpgroup.co.uk/job/preston-market-hall/

- Preston City Council is providing investment for the redevelopment of the Markets Quarter. Frank Whittle Partnership has led the restoration of the historic fish market canopy and the main outdoor market canopy. The listed structures have both undergone extensive refurbishment restoring them to their former glory. The new outdoor market space also doubles up as a year-round events space with demountable market stalls.

How new building combined with existing building Indoors view Old and new

Source:https://www.dezeen.com/2016/10/06/caruso-st-john-wins-stirling-prize-2016-damien-hirst-newport-street-gallery/

- Stretching along an entire street, the gallery occupies three century-old red brick warehouses – originally used for theatre carpentry and scenery production – and two new brick structures, including one with a spiky sawtooth roof.

- "Caruso St John's approach to conservation is irreverent yet sensitive and achieves a clever solution that expresses a poetic juxtaposition of old and new. "

- "Internally, the five buildings are connected as a continuous and coherent sequence of light filled gallery spaces. The simple and logical circulation is enlivened by exquisitely detailed and sensuous staircases."

Source:https://www.stantonwilliams.com/projects/ual-campus-for-central-saint-martins-at-kings-cross/

- The design combines the 19th century Grade II listed Granary building and transit sheds – with a 200 metre long new building that uses industrial materials and creates robust spaces for the students, full of natural light. An internal street draws daylight in and acts as a central circulation spine with suspended walkways, cafes, film, graphic and light projections. The spaces are designed to be flexible and ‘raw’, to allow the different departments within the college to develop their own identities, whilst maintaining the integrity of the buildings as a whole.

- Performance spaces including two theatres and dance studios are designed alongside exhibition areas, a roof garden, bar and ticketing area.

Facade and Mezzanine galleries

Truss and lights

Truss and lights

Theatre, 2018

3 Damien Hirst’s Newport Street Gallery, Caruso St John ,2016

for Central Saint Martins, Stanton Williams

Source: https://www.lan-opc.org.uk/Atherton/pits.html

PART II

LOCATION ANALYSIS

TYLDESLEY

Introduction

Tyldesley is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan in Greater Manchester, England. The remains of a Roman road passing through the township on its ancient course between Coccium (Wigan) and Mamucium (Manchester) were evident during the 19th century.

The factory system and textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution triggered population growth and urbanisation, and by the early 20th century it was said that the mill town was "eminently characteristic of an industrial district whose natural features have been almost entirely swept away to give place to factories, iron foundries, and collieries".

Climate

In Tyldesley, the summers are comfortable and partly cloudy and the winters are long, very cold, wet, windy, and mostly cloudy. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 37°F to 68°F (2.78°-20°) and is rarely below 28°F or above 77°F (<-2.22°->25°)

The best time of year to visit Tyldesley for warm-weather activities is from late June to late August. The warm season lasts for 3.3 months, from May 31 to September 10. The cool season lasts for 3.9 months, from November 18 to March 16.

Precipatation

The wetter season lasts 4.5 months, from September 20 to February 5.The drier season lasts 7.5 months.

Distance overview

170 miles (274 km) northwest of central London, Tyldesley is situated 7.7 miles (12.4 km) eastsoutheast of Wigan and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) west-northwest of the city of Manchester, and at the eastern end of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan. and Tyldesley and Shakerley cover 2,490-acre (1,010 ha)

Topographically .

Transportation

1 From Manchester to Tyldesley

- Bus,45min,2-4£

- Taxi,17min,28-35£

- Drive,17min,1-3£

2 From Sheffield toTyldesley (no train station)

- Train+ bus, 1h49min, 19-36£

- Bus, 2h24min,

- Drive, 1h12min, 9-14£

MANCHESTER

Since there is no train station in Tyldesley, there are many bus stations here. The nearist bus station to our site is less than 10m, people can walk to the site if they come by bus. The nearist car parking lot is also close, walking from the parking lot to site 3 can cost less than 3 minutes.

The main street of Tyldesley is the Elliott Street, many of the residents live in the high street or nearby, they are also part of our targeted consumers. As a conservation area, it has 7 listed buildings, strategies for protecting and promoting the history of them can be important.

ROAD RESIDENTIAL AREA COMMERCIAL AREA BUS STATION HERITAGE

EXPLOSION ANALYSIS

The main road Elliott Street is accross the high street of Tyldesley where is the main commercial area for retailing. There is not so much green space on the street, lacking green plant.The green parks takes 10 mins to walk. The small hurch on the center of the street is reconstructed to a kidgarden becaues most residents go to Parish Church of St. George.Most adult enducation centers limite the number of visiters during Covid-19. The duration of a day is 10 hours in the summer and 6 hours in the winter, there is less people on the street in the winter.

Education&Employment

The proportion of low-level and no-level residents is relatively large, which has led to the fact that in terms of employment, although the proportion of people employed is high, people's income is quite unfair. For the low-skilled and low-income people, what they urgently need is professional training and better job opportunities. Looking for their demands can also strengthen their connections with the community and the high street.

Ethnic care

In the ethnic composition, white British people have an absolute advantage, which makes people of other races become minorities. Situatedness in feminism vision, we hope to enable ethnic minorities to integrate into the community and have a sense of belonging to the city.

Similarly, in religious beliefs, most residents believe in Christianity, and it is interesting that 18.2% of the residents are nonbelievers. This shows part of the change in Tyldesley, and what we want to do is to strengthen the relationship between residents and the city through the high street.

Gender care

In Tyldesley, the male to female ratio is about 1:1, but women are at a disadvantage in terms of work and income. Under the same working conditions, their income is lower than that of men. It is an opportunity for women to have a better job.

Care for olds and kids

The proportions of the elderly and children are close. These two special groups. The elderly usually have some savings and free time, they need special care physically and psychologically, they need some energetic things to bring them vitality. Kids are full of vitality, but they need correct guidance during their grow up. It seems that elder and kids form a special circular pattern, where needs and output complement each other.

Sellers & Customers

It is natural to focus on the connection between sellers and their customers. It’s also another identity of the residents, rather than the role they play in family and society. We would like transform the role of people we want to strengthen the link with cty, which can brings more job opportunities.

The end of Site3

The dance club

The site has divded into three pieces, and we choose site3. Several listed buildings exists on the whole site: Saint George's Church, which built in 1825; The Bank, built in 1900s; Top Chapel, which built in 1789. And other heritages like the library and the foundation. One of the heritage we should protect in site3 is the building of dance club. High street generation is not a single work, it need interdisciplinary collaboration. Despite working in site3, we still want to combine other works from other site and thinking holistically.

Top Chapel year: built in 1789s level:Grade II

Saint George’s Church year: built in 1825s level:Grade II

It is slightly change compared with Tyldesley like half a century before and now though the photos. It is quite strange with the era of quick development and shows slightly out of place. However, the heritage in Tyldesley saved well, and it has a greatdevelopment potential of culture.

Site 1

Site 2

Site 3

Most shops is closed during Covid-19, only 2 necessary shops are still open on site 3 - the post office and pharmacy.

From the context of historical development, we extracted a series of historical elements as part of the design elements, aiming to stimulate the residents' sense of urban identity and familiarity, and strengthen the cultural connection between ` residents and the high street.

Historical Analysis

Tyldesley has a very long history, and his city memory is deeply influenced by its history. By analyzing the emergence and extinction of local buildings with different functions, we found that it was deeply affected by the first and second industrial revolutions, and this influence has continued to this day.

I am old now, I wish there is more places for me to rest on the street when I am shopping and I can chat with my friends.

STAY POINT LEISURE PLACE

When people encounter with each other on the street, they need a place to sit and chat with friends on street furnitures.

More leisure infrasturctures are needed for socialization. It should be a flexible space to get residents involved in.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

Becaues of Covid-19, many shops closed. More activities such as music festivals and handcrafts workshop can use the empty shops to promote the economy

FUNCTION

I want more activities on the street to have fun or earn some money.

There is no where for me to play with my friends. It is really boring!

+EXHIBITION +COFFEE +BARS +CO-WORKING SPCES

+COMMUNITY HUBS +PLACE FOR READING AND LEARNING MOVEMENT TRACKING EVALUATION

Source: https://www.francisfrith.com/tyldesley

PART III PROPOSAL

Site A is an open space, the buildings here are totally new. The general function of Site A is the open market and temporary stage. Based on a basic unit, made series of change and stack to have a flexible, abundant space. Due to the height differences, they are also the viewing platform of the temporary stage.

Another building near the residential space is the bounded volume to strengthen the space sense and the transitional area between residential space (i.e. private space) and public space.

SITE A- SOUTH STREET ELEVATION

SITE A- SOUTH STREET ELEVATION

In Site A, aimed at providing more outdoor social spaces, to close the connection between residential space and the high street, improve the relationship between different groups in the community as well. The temporary stage is not only the stage individually to show people’s characteristics, but also a neat screen for others far away from the site. Residents can perceive the activities on the stage from a distance, and then be attracted after that.

The function could be roughly divided to open market, viewing platform and transform the area. Due to the flexible structure, we can have flexible adjustment between different functional areas. The open market is the noisiest area, the viewing platform can be a bit quieter, and the transition space is the quietest as the interim part. The site has two main entrance, one is on Elliott Street, another facing the residential area, branch streamlines are flexible, and have many choices to arrive at one place. A special room is set aside in the transition building, aimed at providing a space to women, especially mom and others’ need to deal with their own issues. Changeable installation is set on the open ground, which aimed at kids and teens, sometimes their games are also interesting program in elders’ view.

Another issue is light and ventilation, as a flexible open building, prefer using natural light rather than artificial lighting. Tyldesley’s daytime is quite long in summer and short in winter, based on the flexible frame, most of the roof and wall panels can be easily replaced. Percentage of transparent material can be reduced in summer to prevent sun exposure and overheating, enhance ventilation. On the contrary, add transparent materials and reduce open parts to keep warm. There is a wide range of choice for transparent materials, not limited to glass, such as polycarbonate.

Massing Analysis

SAMPLE

PIECE TRANSITION WITH RESIDENTS

DOUBLE RESPOND TO OPEN SQUARE

CHANGE COMBINATION BLOCK BLOCK

FRAME SUPPLEMENTARY STRUCTURE

ADDITION

SITE A- WEST STREET ELEVATION

SITE A- SECTION 2

STREET VIEW PERSPECTIVE SITE A- SECTION 2

SITE A- AERIAL PERSPECTIVE

Roof Glazing

POINT B

Attic

Second Floor Stairs

Site B is an existing building, its business doesn’t work currently, and can be drastically remodelled. Different from Site A, Site B is an entirely indoor space. I used the arch to improve the narrow pavement and make transition space between the high street and interior space. The function of Site B can be summarized as a commercial art exhibition, café, and semi-private workshop. In addition to providing citizens social spaces, Site B also aimed at providing space and atmosphere for learning skills.

First Floor

Timber Partition

Main flow

Secondary flow Connection and sight

Business area

Transition space

Auxilary area

Ground Floor

Semi-privacy, flexible area

Transparent for sight

The ground floor is mainly used to display and sell handicrafts and souvenirs to attract users, allowing them to participate in some DIY activities, which might relate to city memory, past and contemporary. Such as cotton millsrelated handicraft products, and puzzles, etc.

sorted out existing windows in the exterior façade design, use different materials to separate inside and outside, and maintained visibility. Lighting and other decorations are placed on the top of the arcade to make the high street attractive even in winter, which has short daytime. Moreover, the railroad tracks and coal trolley in the decoration come from the research of Tyldesley's city memory during the Industrial Revolution.

SITE B- SOUTH STREET ELEVATION

SITE BROOF PLAN 1:200

Roof glazing combined with façade windows allows we can use natural light as long as possible, which will also bring different shadow experiences in different weather. Repeating the arch and the same bricks as the residential area also improves the internal connection between Site A and B.

Massing Analysis

EXISTING EXISITING BUILDING ADDITION TRANSITION SPACE ADDITION

CHANGE ARCH AND ENTRANCE

PIECE TRANSITION WITH RESIDENTS BLOCK

SITE B- SECTION A

SITE B- STREET VIEW

SITE B- INSIDE PERSPECTIVE

I continuously produced screens and stages in the design concept, to make people show themselves and make the margin close to the community. In modern society, we can always be the majority, but it may always have time to be the minority. The way to integrate the community maybe is to find things in common.

The regeneration of the high street is not aimed at one point, but more like a linear route. In this design, I selected two plots with more potential in site 3 for design, which is aimed at enhancing the sense of linear route.

COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS

OTHERS' ACTIVTIES (CONTEMPORARY STAGE) ESPECIALLY YOUTH

COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS SHOPPING, RELAX

MIDDLE AGE 25-64S YOUTH 18-25S TEENS 5-18S BABY 0-5S

PLAY WITH OTHERS, HAVE FUN

Source: https://www.francisfrith.com/tyldesley

ARC6854

ENVIRONMENT AND TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN

SUPERVISOR: DR JIM UTTLEY

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 200202462

STUDIO F

YING ZUO

24/5/2021

DETAILING 1- WALL 1:10

The exterior wall use the CLT structure with recycled bricks. Based on the understanding and research of local architecture material, the attempt has brought interesting effects.

STREET ELEVATION

EXPLOTION ANALYSIS

ROOF

STAIRS

FURNITURE

DETAILING 4 - TOP OF THE ROOF 1:10

FLOOR

ATTACHED TIMBER STRUCTURE

CLT+BRICK EXTERIOR WALL

TRANSPARENT & GENERAL PANELS

DETAILING 5 - EAVE DETAIL 1:10

LIGHT ANALYSIS- SUMMER day time: about 15 hours

SUN PATH ANALYSIS

LIGHT ANALYSIS- WINTER day time: about 9 hours

CLT ( Cross-Laminated Timber ) is an engineered timber product with good structural properties and low environmental impact (where sustainably sourced timber is used). It can provide dry, fast onsite construction, with good potential for airtightness and a robust wall and floor structure suitable for most finishes internally and externally. It requires only limited new site skills, and its low weight means that a high degree of offsite manufacture is possible. Access permitting, relatively large premanufactured panels can be transported to site for fast, factory-quality construction. Currently, CLT is manufactured abroad with an established supply into the UK market, although this brings higher environmental impact from typicall increased transportation distances and some cost uncertainty with varying foreign exchange rates.

I try to use CLT structure combined with recycled bricks near the site, wich shows ineretsting effect.

MATERIAL RESEARCH

As for the roof glazing and interior light issues, I use a flexible structure. Daytime is quite long in summer, the roof material can be replaced by other transparent materials. One of the materials can be polycarbonate, which is much lighter than glass, also quite durable. And panels can be replaced in winter, as the daytime is shorter. It can be replaced by thick materials to keep indoors' temperature.

image 1: clt image 3: polycarbonate

image 2: recycled wall image 4: suntuf image 5: laserlite

REFLECTIONS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

SUPERVISOR: DOINA PETRESCU

REGISTRATION NUMBER: 200202462

Because of the wide range of Elliott street, and the holistic identity of high street regeneration. We divided the site into three pieces, completed our 3D model in collaboration, and had general cognition of the site. Affected by the pandemic and lockdown rules, only a few of us go to the site, shared photos, also their feelings about the journey to enable others to have an comprehensive view.

We shared our design every studio day, although most of our studio days are online and some of us suffer from jet lag, we pitched constructive thoughts and comments from others and have some individual concepts gradually. Otherwise, we use the way of quick sketches to share ideas that are effective for communicating.

Image 2: Aerial View of Whole Model - Individual work

02 Collecting and Mapping

Collecting

Collecting can be the first step after we defined the theme. To have a general view of the objective situation, since we cannot come to the site at the beginning, I started collecting data from inquiring local official information through the internet.

To have a clearer definition of today’s high street, I walked in the high street of Sheffield and chatted with passersby, comparing the basic data between Sheffield and Tyldesley, it helps me build general cognition of their dilemma before going to the site. When we came to the site, as most of the shops are closed, observation has become the main method of our site visiting journey. We talked to local people and asked about the situation before the pandemic, and feelings on their high street.

Walking in the city, which is promoted by Michel de Certeau, is an important method for collecting and researching. He described the sense of the procession as a ‘fiction of knowledge’, a ‘totalization produced by the eye’,1 which means a subjective view by authors and spectators.

I collected data as much as possible to have an entire view of the objective at the beginning and omitted redundancy data after I turn to my design and think more about Ethnography and the real world. When I try to organize those data visually, I’m not making a general statement of background information, I try to make it as an introduction of story background. Like the collage I made to have a statement of ‘high street’, it shows the general history of high street and questions towards their history. (image 3)

1 Michel de Certeau, ‘Walking in the City’, in The Practice of Everyday Life, ed. by Luce Giard (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), pp.91-110

Image 3: High Street General Analyse - Individual work

Ethnography

Ethnography is a research method in the field of anthropology.

1 The essence of Ethnography is more like observe the relationship between people and society, observation is also the most fundamental approach in ethnography for gaining insight in consumer behavior. 2 One of the principles of architecture design is to make users satisfied, which is quite difficult. The Ethnography research of people’s internal attribution is necessary for architects to comprehend others’ demands. Not only focus on the directly demands, but also think of potential demands and make respond to possibilities in future.

1 Paul Dourish, ‘Implications for design’, In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems , ACM (2006), 541-550 < https://doi. org/10.1145/1124772.1124855 > (pp.541-50)

2 Christina Wasson, ‘Ethnography in the field of design’, Human Organization, 59.4 (2000), 377-388 (pp.384)

Image 4 : General User Analyse of High Street - Individual work

Mapping

“Mapping has emerged in the information age as a means to make the complex accessible, the hidden visible, the unmappable mappable.”1

As students major in architecture, mapping is the basement of our design. A traditional topographical map that shows physical terrain with scale, details, geospatial objects but also the surroundings situations such as street and other buildings, is the start of the site exploration.

I found the detailed map from the official website and other materials like distance and time use from several websites. Using those materials to produce the locational map (image 5), introduce the site and enable readers to connect with their own experiences. The map I produced is not a topographical map since I deleted many useless details, remained the information that can highlight the points and enhance its narrative. It is more like a topological map to give others an intuitive feeling.

Image 5 : Mapping of Tyldesley - Individual work

1 Janet Abrams and others, Else/Where Mapping: New Cartographies of Networks and Territories , (Minneapolis, Minn. : Bristol: University of Minnesota Design Institute ; University Presses Marketing, 2006), pp.12

diagram of the site, which from co-drawing from my joint group in semester1. Using several icons to describe information like functions and sunset surroundings.

Image 6 : Mapping Diagrams - Joint group's work

Image6 is a

Actor Mapping

Image 9 is an actor mapping from the joint group’s work, simulating the example of AAA- ecobox project, which shows the connection between people, actors and elements in spaces.

Learning from the material occupation diagram, we produced a similar one (image 10) for the elements of conceptions, which shows the relationship between objects, people, and space.

Image 9 : Actor mapping - Joint group's work

Image10 :Concept diagram - Joint group's work

Maps can also be as possibilities, image from joint group work is another stimulation of diagram from the program Ecobox. It is based on possibilities to narrate the relationship between people’s activities and the location. It shows an interesting phenomenon that the function and site residents will go, and make us think more about the relationship between ideal functions and real demands.

Image11 : Activities mapping - Joint group's work

Timelines, narrative, and history map

Historical analysis can be an important role in the design, historical knowledge can we understand the local culture and city memories. Following the suggestion of our tutor, I began analysis from the topographical maps in different years, compared and found the changes and marked the time, to explore the reasons and try to make connections with important historical junctures.

To summarise the information, I produced the image to show its typical objects in different periods, followed by the example from Bucharest: the city as an agglomeration of open space, which Maria Alexandrescu showed in the lecture Frame-of-Frames.

To make information more narrative, I use collage to transform the points into a more vivid way. Omitting details of the physical map and just focusing on the conclusion and representative elements, it became clearer which impacted Tyldesley deeply.

Image12 : History mapping - Individual work

Image13 :History analysis - Individual work

03 Analysing

“To analyse something is to release, to unloose, to expose for assimilation its constituents and working – its powers.” 1

The studio project is focused on ‘design by research’, we used many methods for analysing and producing, and most can be classified as a scenario analyse. We worked as a group to find out the problem of Tyldesley, make system analysis to identify relevant external influences and discuss solutions from various aspects, which inspired me a lot.

We also used the methods of quantitative analysis and quality analysis, using the integrated methods of deductive and summarize, and visualized the conclusion ultimately. Image is the visualization after the demography analyse.

Image14 : Demography analyse - Individual work

1 Simon Unwin, Analysing Architecture, (London; New York: Routledge, 2009),pp.18

Section drawing is another important drawing in the design process, I have used sections to think about activities possibilities in different scenes and levels, also the building scales. Section drawings are vivid to illustrate the relationship between different objects, not only physical space dimension but also a narrative description.

Image21 is from Helsinki central library design competition produced by Chloe Blain, the section drawing shows the relationships not only between different height but also relationships between surrounding environments and user activities.

Image22 shows the section of my design, which focus on more to express the relationship of the building and surroundings, and I think about more inside spaces and human perspective through the section drawing.

Image 21 : Section drawing, Helsinki central library design competition, Chloe Blain

Image 22: Section drawing - Individual work

3D-Models and rendering

Modelling is essential for designers, modified the model run through my entire design process. Models can be different in the different design phase, when I start the program, I made an original digital model to understand the site, and I have another concept model to test and represent my concepts. With the concepts improved, I make more details and add them into models previously, and I named it ‘working model’. To represent the ideas to others also need some alterations like add appropriate angle and movement paths, since it is hard and unnecessary to complete all the details in a model with limited time. The reality of handmade 3D models can be more helpful for detail thinking, however, we don’t have enough materials and only made digital models because of the pandemic.

Image 23 is a perspective of my design.

Image 23: Perspective view - Individual work