ECOCENTRIS
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
2018-2020
NONHUMAN-CENTERED ECOLOGY LOADING...
First name: Yumeng Last name: Zhang Application number: 21114700 Programme: MLA Landscape Architecture Address: Sichuan Fine Art Institute ShaPingBa Disdrict Chongqing China Email: zym19036@163.com Telephone: 86 17600156391
CONTENTS
3 RUSSIA MURMANSK PARK POLAR
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
2
4
HIGH SEAS
COASTAL REGIONS
OVERFISHING
ECOCENTRIS
BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION
OPEN 14-19
OPEN 08-13
CHINA
CHONGQING
COMMUNITY TRAVEL
ANTHROPOCENTRISM
OPEN 20-24
1 AUSTRALIA BATEMANS BAY FIRE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION ECOCENTRIS
OPEN 01-07
PROJECT 1 FIRE & DESIRE PROJECT 1
PROJECT 2
INDIVIDUAL WORK PROJECT DISASTER TYPE: LANDSACAPE COMPLETION TIME: 2020.06 LOCATION: BATEMANS BAY NEW SOUTH WALES AUSTRALIA KEY WORDS: FIRE KOALA ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION This project is about the ecological restoration problems after the 2020 Australian forest fires and the issue of local animal protection. The Pelican Inlet Sanctuary Zone in Batemans Bay, New South Wales was selected because this area was seriously burnt, water resources were polluted to an extension, and fire caused the death of local koalas. I listed the design goals of this time. Firstly, a refuge device is designed for the koala, and people can continue to use the device as a landscape when there is no fire.
PROJECT 3
The second is to purify water resources. I chose to use ecological concrete to recover the ashes after burning on the shore. The two things are combined to create an ecological pond. The third is to provide people with activities on the shore. The three directions are combined to restore the ecological environment after the fire.
START PROJECT 4
01
FIRES IN AUSTRALIA & THE KOALA The Relationship between Fire and Koala in New South Wales
Fires in Australia
Acres Burned in Major Wildfire Events in 2019
The Cause of the Australia Fire
BATEMANS BAY
Koala habitat The range of koalas’ habitats is getting smaller and smaller. Australia is warming faster than the global average.
Causes of fires in Australia and the impact on koalas
More than 8,000 koalas died from the fire in 2019.
02
FIRE-STRIKEN AREA BATEMANS BAY ANALYSIS AND SITES ANALYSIS SITES ANALYSIS Pelican Inlet Sanctuary Zone Problems Analysis
A. Batemans Bay is located in Gilmore, where remained 81.2% habitat and had 100-200 koalas in 2017. But the fire caused many koalas dead. B. The ashes of the fire blacken the beach and pollute the water. C. Flame retardants cause plant death and pollute water.
Fire Station near the Batemans Bay There are few fire stations near Batemans Bay and it is very far away. So, Batemans Bay fire station was responsible for a large area of firefighting, even in a hurry.
Design Goals
WATER PURIFICATION
WILDLIFE HABITAT
KOALA PROTECTION
HUMAN BEHAVIOR
The Impacts of Fires on Batemans Bay Evacuation order to leave in a 250km area stretching from Batemans Bay to the Victorian border.
30,000 are without power and some towns do not have access to clean drinking water.
The application number of firefighting volunteers is five times than that of previous years.
382 homes lost.
Flame retardant causes water pollution.
80% of koala’s habitat was destroyed.
Ash Coast.
03
A REFUGE DEVICE TO PROTECT KOALA
Scientific research findings
Set the device to a tree that attracts koala or set along the roads.
On the Tree Koala on the tree can hide in and eat eucalyptus leaves in the box. Wait after the fire and firefighters can rescue them.
Koala can take refuge in the device during a fire.
On the Ground Koala hide in it as running away. Convenient for firefighters to take away.
Under the Ground Koala hide in it as running away. After the fire, they enter the device on the ground.
04
PELICAN INLET SANCTUARY ZONE POST-FIRE REPAIR
PROBLEMS
Cause the death of fish and birds.
Latitude: 34.94°S Longitude: 150.54°E Time: NOV 3pm Calm: 2%
E. Restore coastal biodiversity
Eco-concrete composition/m3
Animals choose the most direct way
Filter and absorb
Wind Speed and Direction During High Incidence of Dry Season Fires
Latitude: 34.94°S Longitude: 150.54°E Time: NOV 9am Calm: 28%
STRATEGY
Eco-concrete Restores Waterfront Ecology Eco-concrete can remove N and P from water
Known According to the Phenomenon
Vertical to the wind direction
POLLUTANT
D. Eco-concrete contributes to plants growth and ash is used as fertiliser.
Iron oxide Fe2O3 (red coloured pigment)
9. LEAD TO POLLUTION
Latitude: 36.69°S Longitude: 149.84°E Time: NOV 9am Calm: 54%
Cause the death of plants.
The wind is more unstable in the afternoon, east and noutheast wind prevail.
Latitude: 36.69°S Longitude: 149.84°E Time: NOV 3pm Calm: 11%
Fertilisers (NH4)2SO4 & (NH4)3PO4
5. THUNDERSTORM
C. Add waste wooden stakes to helps birds live.
8. INFLOW INTO THE RIVER
Blue algae multiply.
4. CLOUD
Wind North
South
6. DOWNBURST 3. PLUME COOLS
A. Clean up and recycle the ashes (fertilisers). Thickeners (guar gum)
B. Add filtering channels and Eco-concrete components. Build an ecological pond.
7. WASH DOWN THE FIRE RETARDANTS AND ASHES
Corrosion inhibitors (for aircraft safety)
2.1 SMOKE PLUME
Affect beach beauty.
Plant ashes (K2CO3)
Carbon
Contaminate drinking water.
Carbon The sea turns black.
1. BUSHFIRE
Koala Living Zone
Ecological Pond Fish Living Zone
Planting Pond
Shore Walk Fish Living Zone
Seagull
Pelican Living Zone
Pelican Living Zone
Pelican Living Zone
Fishing Space
Pelican
Ecological Pond
Planting Pond
Fire retardants(Phos-Chek) are mixed with water before they are used in the environment. After the water has completely evaporated, the remaining chemical residue retards vegetation or other materials from igniting, until it is removed by rain or erosion. Fire retardants also work by binding to plant material (cellulose) and preventing combustion.
Species in This Area These fishes are abundant in this water area, so they are suitable for living in this water area and have strong survivability.
Kingfish Albacore Tuna
Marlin Blue Yellowfin Tuna
Snapper
Tide Crab
05
PLAN OF PELICAN INLET SANCTUARY ZONE AND DETAILS AND ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY EXPECTATIONS SITE A Evcological planting, purification of water resources on the bank.
Install the koala device and ecological pond in the site.
Shore pollution area
Habitat burnt area
The ecology along the coast began to recover. Eco-concrete embankment
1st Year
0 202
Koala device placement point
Koala habitat
The waterfront ecology is restorative. Bird life
2 Years Later
2 202
Viable Eco-concrete plants embankment
5 202
Koala habitat
Bird life
Viable plants
Eco-concrete embankment
5 Years Later
Koala habitat
0
203
SITE B Combination of fish life and ecological planting.
After the fire.
Restore local ecology. Purify the water.
Complete a healthy ecosystem.
Pelican Living Zone
Fish Living Zone
Koala Living Zone
Trunks forest H=3-5m
SITE C
Ecological Pond
Bird and fish are rich in ecological diversity.
Ecological pond
Ecological pond Wood Shivers W=1.5m d=0.25m
Planting Pond
Colored porous asphalt
Volcanic stone pavement
Trunks forest H=3-5m
Fishing Space
Shore Walk Colored porous asphalt
Ecological pond Eco-concrete embankment
Koala device
Pervious concrete
Volcanic stone pavement
Eco-concrete embankment
Planting pond
Planting pond
Ecological pond
Pervious concrete
Ecological Volcanic stone pond pavement
06
There are ash fertilisers plant ash fertilizer and aquatic plants in the planting area.
Animals
Wooden stakes provide habitats for pelicans and other birds. Abundant shore plants provide habitat for fish.
Tide When the water rises, it will flood some seaside trails and mangroves.
SITE C
SITE B
SITE A
Plants
Sewage and rainwater enter these areas, and eco-concrete filters the water.
When the Fire Occurs
Avoid natural enemies.
APPLICATION OF KOALA DEVICE
After these three phases, the ecology of the forest and the shore has been basically restored, and has a certain self-recovery ability.
Purify
Unburned eucalyptus leaves.
After the Fire
The staff come to help.
No Fire
Koala return to the forest. People can experience devices.
07
PROJECT 2 COAST & CORAL PROJECT 1
INDIVIDUAL WORK PROJECT RESILIENT TYPE: LANDSCAPE COMPLETION TIME: 2019.03 LOCATION: HIGH SEAS COASTAL REGIONS KEY WORDS: OVERFISHING OCEAN BIODIVERSITY RESTORATION
PROJECT 2
PROJECT 3
This project is based on the phenomenon of overfishing and the decline of marine biodiversity. During the research process, I found that the corals are also being harmed due to overfishing. It is needless to say that the good growth of corals is advantageous to the restoration of marine biodiversity. Therefore, based on the research on the corals’structure, I designed a bionic coral landscape device and different appearance designs based on the different locations in which the corals live. Meanwhile, the device has both the ecological function and landscape function. It not only can help to restore the marine biodiversity in the sea but also can bring various feelings of the experience to the visitors to some extent.
START PROJECT 4
08
OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD MARINE FISHING INDUSTRY At the beginning of the 20th century, the world's marine fishing industry produced only about 3.5 million tons. After the 1950s, the fishing industry entered a period of rapid development. Since the 1970s, the state of the world's marine fishery resources has continued to decline. Fishing Area No. 61 (Northwest Pacific) Fishing Area No. 71 (Western Central Pacific) Fishing Area No. 27 (Northeast Atlantic) Fishing Area No. 57 (Eastern Indian Ocean) Fishing Area No. 87 (Southeast Pacific)
The world’s top five production areas
China Peru Indonesia Russia
The world’s top five fishing countries
Japan
Problems A. The decline in fishery production B. Marine biodiversity declines C. Some species are extinct D. Ecological vicious circle
Changes in world marine fishing production (x106t)
The main range of coral existence
Continental shelf National MPAs larger than 100,000 km2 Yet-to-be-conrmed national MPAs larger than 100,000 km2
Changes in fishing production in No. 21 (Northwest Atlantic), No. 27 (Northeast Atlantic), No. 87 (Southeast Pacific) (x106t)
Changes in fishing production in No. 67 (Northeast Pacific), No. 77 (Eastern Central Pacific), No. 41 (Southwest Atlantic) (x106t)
After the 1990s, marine fishery resources continued to decline, and total output entered into a period of "zero growth".
Marine fishing production in major fishing areas in the world (unit: ton) Pacific Ocean Arctic and Antarctic Areas Atlantic Ocean
The distributed sea area of coral
Catches by country Ocean
The number of Meeting point fishing boats in the for more than 4 area exceeds 10 at routes various times Meeting point for The number of fishing 3-4 routes boats in each period in the area is 7-10 Meeting point for The number of fishing boats in 1-2 routes
High-density routes Low-density routes
each period in the area is 3-6 The number of fishing boats in each period in the area is 1-2
Countries that catch over 5,000,000 tons
Fishing boat Ocean
Countries that catch 1,500,000-2,300,000 tons
Ocean
Countries that catch 830,000-1,500,000 tons
The international community roughly divides the oceans around the world into sixteen large fishing areas.
Countries that catch 2,300,000-5,000,000 tons
Fishing area
Percentage of sustainable fish stocks in major global fishing areas Percentage of biological sustainability Percentage of biological unsustainability
Indian Ocean Mediterranean and Black Sea
Zero growth
Changes in fishing production in No. 61 (Northwest Pacific) (x106t)
Changes in fishing production in No. 51 (Weatern Indian Ocean), No. 71 (Western Central Pacific), No. 57 (Eastern Indian Ocean), No. 34 (Eastern Central Atlantic) (x106t)
Changes in fishing production in No. 47 (Southeast Atlantic), No. 81 (Southwest Pacific), No. 31 (Western Central Atlantic), No. 37 (Mediterranean and Black Sea) (x106t)
The catch production of each fishing area shows different trends.
09
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT RESULTED FROM OVERFISHING
Bluefin tuna is listed as a threatened specie. Extinct
Threatened
THE LINK BETWEEN CORAL AND ECOLOGY Coral Structure Introduction
The global catch of bluefin tuna from 1999 to 2012 (Unit: tons)
Bluefin Tuna
The body of a coral animal is called the polyp. The polyps of the hard corals extract calcium carbonate from the sea water and use it to build a hard external limestone skeleton beneath.
Living in the temperate and tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean is on the edge of extinction due to overfishing.
Within the tissue of the polyp live many microscopic algae or plant cells called zooxanthellae.These algal cells have a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with the coral. The algae provide the polyp with food through the process of photosynthesis in which the plant cells use sunlight coming through the water to convert the carbon dioxide and water in the polyp tissue into oxygen and carbohydrates. The color of the coral comes from the color of the zooxanthellae living in the polyp’s tissue.
1957-2007 The population of bluefin tuna (unit: cubic metric tons)
Time: 2020 Location: Atlantic and Caribbean Seas
In addition to getting food internally from the zooxanthellae, some corals eatplankton.
Corals have bleached, and few marine life lives here. Turtles are looking for new habitats. Top-level carnivorous consumer
Time: 1950 Many creatures once lived in this sea area, and they jointly maintained the ecological environment of this sea area.
Won't worry about food everyday.
The Way That Corals Reproduce
Species of Corals Hard Corals Common types of hard corals are brain coral, mush room coral, pillar coral, staghorn coral, and plate (or table) coral. Soft Corals Some types of corals secrete a flexible or soft skeleton. These are called octocorals, so named for their characteristic eight tentacles. They also grow well in areas where hard corals cannot grow, such as dark caves and overhangs.
Shark
Third-level carnivorous consumers Squid Cuttlefish
Second-level carnivorous consumers Tuna Batfish
Plankton provides energy to consumers at all levels.
First-level carnivorous consumer
Rich food. Easy to hide.
Lobster Starfish Small fish Good environment.
Producer Seaweed
Herbivorous Consumers Shellfish
The Corals Reef Ecosystem
Alga
Mangroves
However, with the rapid development of the fishing industry, people began to demand endless marine resources.
Nets will also inhibit the growth of corals.
Nonetheless, in the site of those corals, there is a renewed hope for life.
Countless large nets were cast from the fishing boat, making it impossible for marine creatures to escape.
Corals are gradually losing their vitality, fishes will not live here, people will not catch fish.
Beach It is formed from coral skeletons, animals, and plants. Turtles habitat and reproduce here, and birds find food there.
Patch Reef
Their complex tangle of roots and branches provides an excellent place for animals to feed, rest, mate, and give birth.
Usually, the larger the patch reef, the greater the diversity. Some of the marine life that exists on.
Reef Face Reef Face The upper zone is more brightly lit by the sun and is home to a tremendous diversity of reef life.
Seagrass
Reef Crest
Reef Face
They serve both as a protective nursery for numerous species of reef fish and as a rich source of food for adult fish.
Waves often expose portions of the reef Crest.Crabs and sea urchins work to keep the reef clean, so new coral can settle and grow.
Zooplankton and phyt oplankt on are swept into the reef face, supplying the reef life with easy access to food.
This zone consists of gentle slopes which extend from about 3 to 5m to around 18 to 22m in depth.
Reef Face Too dark for coral to grow. Some of the marine life foundliving in this area are soft corals, sharks, manta rays, and eagle rays.
Beaches, mangroves, seagrass, patch reefs and coral reefs work together to form a healthy ecosystem.
Corals can form a rich and diverse ecosystem, and their recovery can bring new life here.
10
DESIGN THE UNIT STRUCTURE
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLAR PANELS
REFLECT-PROOF FILM
ELECTRODE
D. Seaside Crowd Landscape
XANTHOPHYTA
THE LAND PART
Functional Epidermis
A. Photosynthesis
It can be divided into four main functions: photosynthesis, air purification, seaside bird habitat, and seaside landscape.
SEMICONDUCTOR
Light plays an important role in this circle.
The designed structural unit is attached to the supported skeleton structure, which is mainly derived from plate coral.
It is needed for either the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae or the utilization of solar energy.
Functional Epidermis
SKELETON STRUCTURE
The device unit has three main functions: A. Water purification B. Water and solar energy conversion C. Nutrients adsorption
Skeleton Structure
C. PHOTOSYNTHESIS (NUTRIENT ADSORPTION) C. Seaside Bird Habitat
B. Purified Air
Air after purification
A. PURIFICATION FUNCTION PURIFIED WATER
Energy Core
Functional Unit
Air after purification
Source of Appearance
C
B
Air before purification
Air before purification
Air before purification
A
Potential Energy Collection Circuit
Air after purification
Functional Epidermis
Skeleton Structure
REVERSE OSMOSIS FILTER
B. ENERGY CONVERSION
Water Potential Energy
Water Potential Energy ACTIVE CARBON FILTER
Animal Conservation
Luminescent Structure
Top of the Structure
Facing the Sea
Specific conservation space is convenient for the human to communicate with animals, and also convenient for the management of nursing staff.
The structure converts light energy into electrical energy and emits colored light through yellow-green algae.
The grooves of the structure make it easy for beach birds such as terns to nest here.
The structure of the gallery provides a space for people to relax and entertain at the seaside.
RAW WATER
SOLAR ENERGY
ELECTRODE
PURIFIED WATER
XANTHOPHYTA
ELECTRODE
UNPURIFIED WATER
11
THE SEASIDE PART
THE OFFSHORE PART
The structure here has two core functions, one is to provide nutrients and plankton for small animals, attracting more small animals and improving the biological chain.
It is divided into two parts: above the water and under the water. Above the water, it is the landscape view for the crowd. Under the water, it has the function of purifying, cleaning, and controlling reproduction.
The other is to provide a breeding shelter for small animals, which can enable them to breed safely and healthily and also provide a growing site for plants.
Bottom of the Seaside The place where the structure touches the seafloor, which could control the growth of seaweed and absorb excess nutrients.
The Water Surface of the Seaside
Animals
Plants
The surface can absorb the nutrient absorbed by the vegetative structure of the mangrove root system.
Animals reproduce healthily here with nutrients preserved in the structure.
The place where the structure touches the seafloor, which could control the growth of seaweed and absorb excess nutrients.
It is floating on the water, and the landscape area can be reached by boat.
Nutrient Plankton
The nutrient plankton absorbed by the structure is released again into the water to small animals after storage and filtration.
The structure, as a whole, can promote the healthy development of the seaside, drive marine production, and bring the view value of the landscape.
Sea urchins can clean reefs, but their reproduction is also needed to be controlled. Human beings can fish them for food.
There are random holes in the landscape over the water, which is aimed to give easier access for people to have a view.
Mangroves Raw Water
Raw Water
Raw Water
Raw Water
Mangrove root system
Seagrass
Purified Water
Purified Water
Raw Water
Purified Water
A. Purification and Cleaning Function
B. Production Control Function
C. Landscape Function
The structure under the water is aimed at, on the one hand, to purify the water, and, on the other hand, to clean the reefs and promote the healthy growth of corals.
The structural shelter can promote the growth of some animals and plants, enrich the biodiversity of a water area, and is also convenient for people to clean up the overgrowth.
The upper structure provides a view for the crowd, while they can dive to catch some excess plants and animals in the lower structure.
12
Clownfish & sea anemones
Gray angelfish
Lobsters
The Offshore Part By purifying corals and providing a healthy ecological environment for the coral ecosystem, the species of organisms in the offshore area will be enriched.
By the structure of the functional structural unit, the biodiversity of the four parts of the sea area is improved, to affect the larger area of the sea area. If each area starts to restore biodiversity, the overall marine ecosystem, which is composed of complex biological chains, will be improved to a certain extent. On the condition that the design can activate the endangered species, the ocean will also recover its vitality.
Sea stars
The Land Part
EXPECTED GOAL OF THE DESIGN
Sea urchins
By providing breeding places and shelters for animals, the birth rate of animals shall be improved, and it will also be easier for human beings near the beach to protect them. Sea stars
Parrotfish
Crab
The Seaside Part
By providing high-quality nutrition for organisms and activating the seaside biological chain, biodiversity can be Crested terns enriched.
Sea cucumber
Sea turtle
Giant clam
Sea urchins
Dugong
Cuttlefish
Bluefin tuna
Manta rays
The structure of the deep-sea area tends to be free, and it can move flexibly in the deep-sea area and can be attached to coral or stone at any time.
The Deep-sea Part Mobile structures can reach places that human beings can not reach, promoting photosynthesis and purifying those places whenever and wherever possible.
Lionfish
Sharks
Purification Function As the structure moves, purification can take place anywhere on the seafloor, even where is inaccessible to the human being.
Photosynthesis
Raw Water
Increase the area of photosynthesis, and gains a strong ability to sense light, and therefore could promote photosynthesis and release oxygen.
Energy transformation and movement THE DEEP-SEA PART
Purified Water
By the conversion of water and solar energy, the submarine structure components can move by ocean current or self-propulsion, and then it can also be attached to the submarine reefs through the structural epidermis.
Release nutrition It could transform into and release the nutrients to enable the healthy growth of plankton, and therefore could provide adequate nutrients to the seabed corals, fishes, etc. to enrich biodiversity.
13
PROJECT 3 COZINESS VALLEY PROJECT 1
PROJECT 2
PROJECT 3
INDIVIDUAL WORK PROJECT URBAN PUBLIC TYPE: SPACE COMPLETION TIME: 2020.10 LOCATION: COZINESS VALLEY MURMANSK RUSSIA KEY WORDS: PARK POLAR URBAN GREEN SPACE This project is a competition on the design of a Murmansk Park in Russia. The park aims to provide a colorful activity space for the "Coziness Valley" area to enrich the life of citizens. The area is a site of 24 hectares, located in north-west Russia, near the Arctic. Now it has not been developed, lacking lighting, roads, green spaces. In light of the extreme climate of the Arctic and the special natural phenomena (polar day and night), and the People's love for sports and pet keeping, I bring in a design element called "broken ice". I design five major theme-based areas. The landscape architecture of the core lake not only responds to the extreme climate in the Arctic, but also provides a wide range of activities for the public. The other four areas also have four kinds of outdoor spaces, which bring more interesting living space to the residents and add new vitality to the city.
START PROJECT 4
14
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA “COZINESS VALLEY”
The project area is located in the south of Murmansk. The area is part of the sports and recreation complex "Coziness Valley" and is a park zone with an area of approximately 23.38 hectares.
Location Murmansk One of the largest ports in Russia. The largest city in the world beyond the Arctic Circle.
Sunshine
The important specific feature: the polar day and polar night. Winter Solstice
Summer Solstice
Climate and Seasonal Activity in the City The city is covered in snow about 210 days a year. The “Coziness Valley” complex is almost equally active both in winter and summer.
Historical Background
1934: Celebration of North “Polar Olympics”
In the summertime passive outdoor recreation is more popular, while in winter there are opportunitiesfor outdoor activities for both adults and children (skiing, ice skating, alpine skiing, etc.).
15
SITE REQUIREMENTS AND STRATEGIES Site Description
Problems
Users Types
Types of Activities and Needs Sports Events
Transport Scheme
a. Outdoor activities -jogging, basketball b. Sports events related to skiing c. Bicycle races
Pet-walking Zones a. Walk a dog, schools for dogs b. Feeding birds c. Sitting on a bench. meeting friends
A playground for children.
Zones for pet activities.
A skate park, a pump-track, sports facilities.
Benches for rest.
Easy to reach.
Surrounding Areas and Development
Different Trails a. Bicycle races b. Walks (alone, with partner, families)
Artificial Pond a. Skating(winter) & fishing(summer) b. Construction of guest houses
Infrastructure facilities such as sports facilities, schools and kindergartens are usually located in the depths of subdistricts.
Temporary Paths
A skating and bicycle track.
Guesthouses for rest.
Add paths for walking.
Waterfront lights, the use of clean energy.
Festivals and Concerts a. Holding festivals, fairs, concerts, competitions
Many natural paths.
Grassland and Water
There are many streams, a lake and green areas. Harmony with nature, relaxation of soul, silence.
b. “Celebration of the North”, film festival.
Parking Area
a. Paid parking b. Natural energy
c. Lack of benches
A stage for performing; kiosks selling ice cream, coffee; vending machines.
Parking area & guest houses or shopping center.
Benches for rest; construction of guest houses, a shopping center.
The use of clean energy.
16
SHAPE GENERATION
PLAN Regional Planning Mountain cross-country sites
Zoning Pattern According to the terrain and surroundings, I have planned the site into four thematic areas.
Outdoor thematic playgrounds for children
Natural Artificial
Diagonally divided into the natural setting (snowy mountains, forests) and artificial setting (artificial pavement).
Artificial landscape in the natural setting. Natural elements in the artificial setting.
Outdoor pet sites
Finally the artificial and natural setting are planned complementary to each other.
Park camping sites
Core Theme Park Promenade
Regional Planning Planning around the core lake.
a. Mountain Cross-country Parks Broken Ice placement.
b. Outdoor Thematic Playgrounds for Children Broken Ice placement.
Broken Ice placement.
Ice-Breaking.
The site is divided into five main areas linked by the main road.
Ice-Breaking.
Two off-road platforms are made.
Based on the higher A-area, and the two crosscountry platforms (one large and the other small),a cross-country ski field for adults and children is made.
Ice-Breaking.
Put in five thematic children's activity areas.
Linking the five activites areas to form a secret wonderland for children.
Ice-Breaking.
Two enclosed pet areas are made.
Broken-ice elements are made into artificial pavements that are for human rest and pet activities.
c. Outdoor Pet Sites Broken Ice placement.
SECTION - AA’
d. Park Camping Sites Broken Ice placement.
Ice-Breaking.
Make major forest camping areas.
The artificial camping site is placed in the natural forest as an observatory.
Ice-Breaking.
Put in the core lake.
Make a corridor around the lake to address ground height differences.
e. Core Theme Park Promenade Broken Ice placement.
17
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF THE CORE AREA
Three problems need to be solved: temperature insulation, lighting, and anti-slipperiness of roads. I propose the corresponding countermeasures.
Strategy to Keep Warm
Use terrain to build soil-covered structures.
Lighting Strategy Form two paths up and down.`
Anti-slip Strategy
Energy Conversion Pavement Tap into shallow geothermal energy for snow and ice melting on the pavement.
Lights Placement
Lamp post design
Riding directly to the upper path
The upper and lower paths have different functions. Access to the lower path’s corridor
Lights Placement The upper and lower paths have different functions.
Self-Stress Elastic Pavement To melt the snow and ice through elastic materials featuring highly reversible deformation.
Ramp to the upper path
Stairs to the upper path
Visual Effect
18
Pet Activity Area
a. Mountain Cross-country Sites
c. Outdoor Pet Sites
ECOLOGICAL ENERGY Day and Polar Day
Night and Polar Night
Two Ways of Collecting Energy: A. Solar energy harvesting during daytime or polar nights; B. The transformation of pressure on roads and sports fields to energy through devices. Crowd movement’s potential energy transformation.
At night, the collected energy can be used for necessary lighting.
Cross-country Skiing Area
Energy Collection
Energy Supply
b. Outdoor Thematic Playgrounds for Children
Camping Observatory
Children's Activity Area
d. Park Camping Sites
19
PROJECT 4 COMMUNITY & JOURNEY PROJECT 1
PROJECT 2
PROJECT 3
INDIVIDUAL WORK PROJECT URBAN PUBLIC TYPE: SPACE COMPLETION TIME: 2019.12 LOCATION: RENMIN VILLAGE CHONGQING CHINA KEY WORDS: COMMUNITY TRAVEL This project focuses on a hot topic in China-tourism. Based on a series of surveys on Chinese tourism, I find that the Chinese are keen on travel, especially to natural scenic spots. Every holiday, China’s major scenic spots will be crowded with tourists. As such travel experience turns out to be bad, most people choose to travel around the community instead. After the outbreak of the Covid-2019 epidemic, more people are unable to travel according to their plan. Therefore, I draw up a community travel plan, and natural landscape elements are integrated into the community landscape. The site is located in Renmin Village of Chongqing. Because of the large terrain difference, underground space has been developed for human activities and various entrances from the ground to the underground have been designed. In this way, people can experience the pleasure of traveling in their communities.
START PROJECT 4
20
CHINA TOURISM STATUS
Problems
LOCATION ANALYSIS a'
With the improvement of the Chinese’s living standards, many people choose to go out to travel during their leisure time. Some choose to appreciate natural scenery while others choose to admire human geography.
b' c'
Poor Travel Experience
Inner Mongolia
Lijiang
Tibet Autonomous Region
Sichuan
Key natural ecological function area
The City Center of Chongqing
Hunan
Jiangxi
Section c-c'
Section d-d'
Section e-e'
Height difference.
Many stairs.
Many little squares.
Intricate Roads.
Squares of different heights.
Section f-f'
Section g-g'
Entrances everywhere.
Limited activity spaces.
Based on the utilization of underground space and elevation difference, a spatial summary of several different natural landscapes is carried out, and they are placed in an appropriate proportion ( acceptable to humans and the underground). Then, their streamlines and functions are planned.
Urban Community Analysis
There are seven entrances on the ground, which are connected to several underground natural scenic spots. Seven entrances are distributed inside the community, which is convenient for residents to enter the underground from various parts of the community. Highest point
18% 5%
Entrance No. 1
Landscape Form
Under 18 years old
18-24 years old
25-34 years old
35-44 years old
45-54 years old
Over 55 years old
2%
Section b-b'
DESIGN STRATEGY
Pressure Index of Ten Popular Scenic Spots
12%
Section a-a'
Guangdong Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
30%
Road Trend
Fujian
Top ten popular scenic spots
33%
Contour
Zhejiang
Yunnan
Travel preferences of different age groups
Cutting Positions
Shanghai
National Nature Reserve
Main scenic spots
g'
Hubei
Chongqing
Nature Reserve Priority Area
Low
f'
g
Qiandao Lake West Lake Shanghai Wildlife Park
Jiangsu
Anhui
Guizhou
High
Yangtze River
Baiyun Mountain
Provinces with 3-6 scenic spots suitable for tourism
Shandong
Huangshan Sanqingshan
Provinces with 1-2 scenic spots suitable for tourism
SITE
e'
e f
Heilongjiang
Confucius Temple
Shanxi
Tianjin
Tiantangzhai East Lake
Shanxi
Phoenix Ancient Town
Hebei Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
a
Liaoning Beijing
Qinghai
d'
Jilin
Gansu
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
+
Changbai Mountain
Jinshitan
Mount Wutai
The PalaceOlympic Museumpark Xiangshan Park
Distribution of domestic tourist attractions and nature reserves
Inconvenient Traffic
Wudalianchi
Crowded Scenic Spots
c d
Jialing River
50m 50m
It also brings many practical problems.
50m 50m
b
People Behaviour
Major point
Landscape in the Communities
Cliff
Elements
Roads
Waterfall
Elements Glacier Bay
Stone Forest
Little Square
Entertainment
Entrance No. 2 Element
Play with Climbing Viewing water
Entrance No. 3
Grand Canyon Cycling Walking Climbing
Chongqing Municipal Government
Large urban community
10
City
Chongqing People's Auditorium
Ancient town
Lake and Mountains
Seaside Rural Life
Outdoor Adventure
Museum
20
Grassland and desert
30
Zoological or Botanical Park
40
Theme Park
Natural landscape
Historical Site
Humanities Scenic Area
Amusement Park
50
Chongqing Sanxia Museum
Elements
Elements Site
Small irregular community Small rectangular community
Small vertical community
Grassland
Forest
Entrance No. 5
Lake Grassland Forest Core Viewing Square
Core Square
Walking Leisure
Entrance No. 4
Elements Forest
Desert
Entrance No. 6
Walking Leisure Kids Entertainment Lowest point Elements Geyser
Little waterfall
Leisure
Viewing
Trail
Elements Lake
Desert
Relax
Kids Entertainment
Entrance No. 7
21
REGIONAL GENERAL LAYOUT AND MAIN FUNCTIONS OF NODES
All the above-ground landscape nodes are entrances to the underground landscape, and all have conventional landscape functions, which can provide residents with basic leisure and entertainment. Some nodes can transmit light to the underground, which are lighting nodes for the underground.
Crowd gathering
Chatting
Shelter from rain
Underground entrance and exit
Game
Skateboard
Cycling
Music
Singing
Jogging
Shopping
Flowing water landscape
Entrance & light transmission
Entrance Plants
A .1 e No Ston nce & tra ay En cier B la G
Square on the ground
Light Square on transmission the ground
D
Light transmission
Entrance
B
t
res
Fo
Entrance
Aboveground core square
Entrance
.3 No nce on tra ny En nd Ca Gra
Entrance Square on the ground
Entrance
F
.4 No nd nce ssla tra ra En e & G Lak
A total of eight nodes are set up under the ground, corresponding to several entrances on the ground. The underground nodes are combined with natural elements, creating a miniature natural scene so that the residents can not only admire the natural scenery but also carry out basic community activities. According to the openings on the ground, different ways of lighting are adopted, and the underground vegetation consists of shade-loving and viable plants.
C
ll . 2 rfa No ate nce & W tra se En Hou ff Cli
Children's entertainment facilities
E
THE UNDERGROUND NODES OF THE COMMUNITY
Light transmission & entertainment facilities
G
.5 No sland nce as tra Gr En est & r Fo
o. 6
N nce tra En ert s De
o. 7
eN
nc tra En ser y Ge
2. Cliff dwellings are set up in caves and connected with corridors, where you can admire the view.
1. There are layers of platforms in the stone forest, and stacks of pebbles and rocks next to the river can serve as a leisure area.
Zengjiayan Community
6. On the other side of the lake is the forest. A plank road interspersed in the forest is set by the water, and a stone road is set above the lake.
E A D
Chongqing Municipal Government
B
5. The lake is surrounded by grassland, which is spacious and flattening. A trestle bridge is set above the lake.
C 3. There is also a viewing gallery next to the waterfall, which is made of glass.
F
Chongqing People's Auditorium Parking area
Restaurant
School
Important building
Bus stop
Fast-food restaurant
Public safety
Key location
Hospital
Supermarket
Beauty service
Public toilet
Pharmacy
Seniors activities
Entrance
7. Beside the desert area is a l a r g e a r e a f o r c h i l d r e n ’s activities.
G
4. There are winding roads for riding inside the canyon.
8. A glass plank road is built next to the geyser, and there are also playing roads around the mouth of spring.
22
UNDERGROUND NODES ANALYSIS
LANDSCAPE RENDERINGS
Spruce
Fir
1. A viewing platform is set up for shuttling among the stone forests. Below it is Glacier Bay, where the glaciers melt into the lake.
A. Glacier Bay & Stone Forest
Glacier Bay
Steps
Entrance
Photinia serratifolia (Desfontaines) Kalkman
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. et Planch.
Cotinus coggygria
Nandina domestica
Climbing wall
Cotinus coggygria
Caves
Begonia grandis Dry
B. Cliff House
Platycladus orientalis(L.) Francoptmxjjkmsc
Acer pictum Thunb. ex Murray
2. You can stand on the viewing platform and admire waterfalls, and you also can climb the mountains and play in the caves.
Little jungle
C. Waterfall
Acer pictum Thunb. ex Murray
Banyan
3. The natural light above the waterfall can form a rainbow.
Canyon
Viewing platform
Fir
4. You can ride a bike in the canyon or go skating on the ramp.
D. Grand Canyon
"Waterfall" rendering
Desert
Cycling trail
Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) KüKenth.
Acer pictum Thunb. ex Murray
Fatsia japonica (Thunb.) Decne. et Planch.
Fir
Viewing platform
Glacier Bay
Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) KüKenth.
E. Lake & Grassland
Platycladus orientalis(L.) Francoptmxjjkmsc
Banyan
5. Some animals can be raised on the grassland square.
Grassland
F. Forest & Grassland
Viewing platform
Little jungle
Cotinus coggygria
Spruce
6. There are ropes for climbing in the small jungle.
Grassland
Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Benson
7. The desert area is for children to play with sand.
G. Desert
Geyser
Sand play
H. Geyser
Desert
Viewing platform
Geyser
Begonia grandis Dry
Cotinus coggygria
Cyperus alternifolius L. subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) KüKenth.
Platycladus orientalis(L.) Francoptmxjjkmsc
Acer pictum Thunb. ex Murray
8. The geyser can spray water and mist for people to enjoy.
"Forest" rendering
23
"Canyon" rendering
"Lake" rendering 24
OTHER WORK URBAN HISTORY AND CULTURE OF HOMETOWN Harbin Central Avenue
Space Style SQUARE GRID As an important port and railway city, Harbin uses classical urban design techniques combined with modern planning.
Harbin is located in the northeast of China, and the Central Avenue is the epitome of Harbin. The architectural culture and the European life of Harbin people are very obvious here, which is one of the symbols of this city.
COMMEMORATIVE Following the aesthetic design concept of Western classical space, and then adding modernism and functionalism design ideas, the modern Harbin Square is commemorative.
Central Avenue is 1450 meters long and 21.34 meters wide, covering a total area of 94.05 hectares.
The spatial form of the Central Avenue building basically conforms to the spatial form of the western square, showing a sense of enclosure and a concave shape.
+ CENTRAL AVENUE
Songhua River Zhaolin Park
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, China Street began to take shape.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the overall view of the commercial pedestrian.
Central Avenue was filled with foreigners.
Different Periods
Central Avenue
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing government was forced to sign the "China-Russia Secret Treaty" with Tsarist Russia.
1896
The Middle East Railway began to construct, and road builders settled in today's Central Avenue.
1900
During the RussoJapanese War, a large number of foreigners poured into Harbin to build businesses.
1904
Madel Hotel
1913
The signboards of Wanguo foreign company were all in Russian and Japanese.
Bread bricks. China Street was renamed Central Avenue.
1925
The influx of Japanese shops.
During the cultural revolution, Central Avenue was destroyed.
At the end of 1990s, Central Avenue became the first pedestrian street in China.
1930
1966
1997
Historical Background
Architectural Style The architecture of central street is a collection of European Renaissance style from 15th to 16th century, Baroque style from 17th century, eclecticism style from 18th century and Art Nouveau movement style from 19th century.
25
First name: Yumeng Last name: Zhang Address: Sichuan Fine Art Institute ShaPingBa Disdrict Chongqing China Email: zym19036@163.com Telephone: 86 17600156391
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