RECLAIM THE CITY by ZZA

RMIT MLA PROJECT B 2015 SEM2

FOR YEAR 2015-2025 DEVELOPMENT

E C L

H E

HUMAN SCALE CITY STRATEGY FOR BEIJING CBD

BJ.CBD.HUMANSCALECITY.GOV.CN /

OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENT BEIJING CBD COMMITTEE

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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RECLAIM THE CITY

The major problems in Beijing CBD area are the problem of city scales and massive area of underutilised space. Beijing CBD Administrative Committee, established in 2001, is in charge of planning and management and aims to facilitate investments and improve the environment of CBD. Office of environment of Beijing CBD committee is in charge of the project. In CBD area, most of the springing up space is of large scale. Huge buildings, massive roads are not comfortable for pedestrians. There are some medium and small scales places in CBD as well, but of relatively poor environmental quality. Creating more small scale places for pedestrians is significant to bringing life in city.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Massive area of hedges can be seen along many streets in this area. There are two functions of these hedges: function as a set back from the buildings, to divide pedestrians from the buildings or simply to make the city greener. However, designed to make the city more beautiful, the hedges are actually making it hard for pedestrians to experience the city. The hedges occupy massive underutilized space along the streets.

scale space and to rebuild biodiversity in the urban environment.

On one hand, there is not enough space for human activities. On the other h a n d , t h e re i s m a s s i v e area of hedges not making full use of the space. The opportunity seems to be clear: to transform hedges into human scale space to activate a human scale city.

2.Improve sidewalks and cycle routes system: A sidewalk and cycle route system of good quality is crucial to a human scale city. In this step, a completed system should be established, sidewalks and cycle routes of good quality should be built along the most popular streets.

This project aims to improve the quality of urban life in site, to create more human

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Through the following three actions, Beijing CBD will be developed into a city environment more confortable for people. 1.Encourage local activities: Local activities happen in small scale space are essential to the liveability of the city. A healthy, vibrant city should have abundance of these local activities. In this step, new infrastructure will be added to activate the layer of activities.

3.Transform new open space: Use three strategies to deal with different typologies of hedges in CBD area, and create new open space of human scale from these underutilised spaces. Through these actions, this project aims to achieve these overall objectives: 1. Provide more human scale space, activate the city 2. Connect existing open space, expand open space network 3. Provide distributed open space within easy walking distance 4. Achieve environmental improvements 002 PAGE

CLIENT

0 3 CLIENT

OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENT, BEIJING CBD COMMITTEE A MESSAGE FROM THE CLIENT

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Open space is the most liveable space in the urban e n v i ro n m e n t . O ff e r i n g a space for citizens to take a break in the green environment, communicate in open space is the focus of our work. We are aimed to create an easy accessible network of open space.

RECLAIM THE CITY

CONTENTS

RECLAIM THE CITY

HUMAN SCALE CITY STRATEGY FOR BEIJING CBD

2 5 4 6 ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES

0 5 1 6 INTRODUCTION

SITE INFORMATION ISSUES WHAT IS HUMAN SCALE CITY WHY HUMAN SCALE CITY IS IMPORTANT TO DEAL WITH AIR POLLUTION TO INCREASE HEALTH LEVEL ECONOMIC BENEFITS OVERALL DIRECTION SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS

1 7 2 4 ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES

4 7 7 2 ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE

TYPOLOGIES STRATEGIES OPEN SPACE FRAMEWORK SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTER SURROUNDINGS (STRIPE PLAYGROUND) SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA) SITE3: GREEN CROSSING SELECT THE RIGHT PLANTS TYPICAL SECTION

7 4 7 8 CONCLUSION

MASTERPLAN CRITERIA

7 9 8 0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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DEVELOPMENT OF POINTS AVTIVITIES&INSTALLATIONS BUILDING TYPES RESIDENTIAL AREA OFFICE BUILDINGS RETAILS

SIDEWALK DESIGN PRINCIPLES ACCESSIBILITY THREE TYPES OF SIDEWALKS TYPE1: TRAFFIC CORRIDOR TYPE2: LOCAL STREETS TYPE3: SHARED STREETS CYCLE ROUTE DESIGN PRINCIPLES ACCESSIBILITY TYPE1: TRAFFIC CORRIDOR TYPE2: LOCAL STREETS TYPE3: SHARED STREETS

INTRODUCTION SITE INFORMATION

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SITE INFORMATION

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GLOBAL URBAN SPRAWL

URBAN SPRAWL IN CHINA

CITY BUILT WITH VERY FEW CONSIDERATION FOR HUMAN

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INTRODUCTION SITE INFORMATION

URBAN SPRAWL IN BEIJING

URBAN SPRAWL ON SITE

BASIC INFORMATION coordinate: 39.9085째 N, 116.4530째 E Climate: temperate and continental monsoon Area: 3.99km2 (current) A dramatic increase in the city's urban sprawl began in the 19th century in some western cities when labourers flocked from the countryside to work in the new factories.[1] After almost 200 years, urban area is still growing, especially in East Asian and Mid-East Area. China is one of the countries which has witnessed the dramatic increase of urban space in the last 30 years.

Beijing, as the capital of China, keeps developing till now. The urban area of Beijing nowadays is four times bigger than it was 30 years ago. CBD area is one of the springing up urban space in Beijing. Almost 70% buildings were built in the last 10 years. As is described in the book 'Delirious New York', cities devoted to the most rational, efficient and utilitarian pursuit of the irrational.

The fast development of CBD area has left many problems unsolved for the public open space. Almost 70% buildings were built in the last 10 years. As is described in the book 'Delirious New York', cities devoted to the most rational, efficient and utilitarian pursuit of the irrational. The fast development of CBD area has left many problems unsolved for the public open space.

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INTRODUCTION ISSUES

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ISSUES

SECTION OF CBD

SCALE

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In CBD area, most of the springing up space is of large scale. Huge buildings, massive roads are not comfortable for pedestrians. There are some medium and small scales places in CBD as well, but of relatively poor environmental quality. Creating more small scale places for pedestrians is significant to bringing life in city.

INTRODUCTION ISSUES

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SECTION OF A TYPICAL STREET

HEDGES Massive area of hedges can be seen along many streets in this area. There are two functions of these hedges: function as a set back from the buildings, to divide pedestrians from the buildings or simply to make the city greener. However, designed to make the city more beautiful, the hedges are actually making it hard for pedestrians to experience the city. The hedges occupy massive v space along the streets.

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INTRODUCTION WHAT IS HUMAN SCALE CITY

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WHAT IS HUMAN SCALE CITY

HUMAN SCALE IS THE SET OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES, AND QUANTITIES OF INFORMATION, CHARACTERIZING THE HUMAN BODY, ITS MOTOR, SENSORY, OR MENTAL CAPABILITIES, AND HUMAN SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

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WHAT IS HUMAN SCALE CITY 1. A CITY OF A WIDE VARIETY OF LOCAL SCALE ACTIVITIES. 2. INFRASTRUCTURE OF AESTHETIC VALUE AND SAFE FOR DIFFERENT USERS TO USE. 3.GOOD QUALITY OPEN SPACE TO CARRY ABUNDANCE OF STATIONARY ACTIVITIES.

RECLAIM THE CITY

INTRODUCTION WHY HUMAN SCALE CITY IS IMPORTANT

WHY SHUOLD WE DO THIS?

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Population in Beijing has been increasing rapidly during the last few years. From 2000-2010, the number saw a 44.5% increase, which is 6 million. It is estimated that by the end of

year 2020, Beijing population will increase by another 27.5%. 5.39 million increased population will be a heavy burden to the city's existing traffic system. According to Beijing Stastic Bereau, one individual can cause 2.5 times travel by vehicle on average.

TOTAL POPULATION 19.61MILLION

INCREASED POPULATION 6.043MILLION 44.5%

BEIJING POPULATION FROM 2000-2010

TOTAL POPULATION 25.00MILLION INCREASED POPULATION 5.39MILLION 27.5%

BEIJING POPULATION FROM 2010-2020

Source:Beijing Stastic Bereau

Beijing has 10 minutes more walking time compared to average. Combined with biking and running, Beijing has a good tradition of travelling by other methods rather than cars and public transport, which is worth further investment.

Source:cities.human.co FIG04

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INTRODUCTION TO DEAL WITH AIR POLLUTION

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TO DEAL WITH AIR POLLUTION Air pollution has been a severe challenge for Beijing in the last few years. Local government has taken a few actions to deal with this issue such as closing down nearby factories, limiting the number of cars, but there is no significant improvement yet. In the last year, Unhealthy 61%

Moderate 19%

Good 3%

air condition in 78% of the days are unhealthy for citizens. However, scientists found that approximately 30-40% of the air pollution is caused by vehicle emmision. It is urgent that the city cut down the number of cars. However, instead of limiting, a wise goverment should encourge people to walk istead of driving.

Air Quality Report

Sources of Smog

Hazardous 6% Very Unhealthy 11%

Others 67%

THE SUCCESS OF APEC BLUE The core part of control measures laid on emission reduction. Roughly 10,000 factories in the regions surrounding Beijing were forced to suspend production during APEC, In Beijing, around 11.7 million vehicles were kept off the roads by a ban on alternative days on cars with even-or-odd numbered license plates. Statistics showed that the control obtained certain results. According to the data from Beijing municipal environmental monitoring center, from November 1 to 12, the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 decreased by 55%, 44%, 57% and 31% in the same period last year; the concentrations of various pollutant was at the lowest level over the same period in the past 5 years. 111µg/m3

96µg/m3

44% 67µg/m3

55%

62µg/m3

31%

43µg/m3 19µg/m3 57% 8µg/m3

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PM2.5 FIG05

PM10

SO2

November 1 to 12,2014

NO2

46µg/m3

RECLAIM THE CITY

INTRODUCTION WHY HUMAN SCALE CITY IS IMPORTANT

TO INCREASE HEALTH LEVEL

Walking is a great way to improve or maintain your overall health. Just 30 minutes every day can increase cardiovascular fitness, strengthen bones, reduce excess body fat, and boost muscle power and endurance.Unlike some other forms of exercise, walking is free and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require any

special equipment .One research in Santiago shows that people live in high walking score neighbourhood are only 35% likely to be overweight while t h o s e i n l o w w a l k i n g s c o re neighbourhood are 65% likely to be overweight.

chances to be overweight 33% Walkable Neighbourhood

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chances to be overweight 65% Less Walkable Neighbourhood

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INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC BENEFITS

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ECONOMIC BENEFITS

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The investment that communities make in implementing Complete Streets policies can stimulate far greater private investment, especially in retail districts and downtowns where pedestrians and cyclists feel unwelcome. In Washington, D.C., design improvements along a three-quarter mile corridor in Barracks Row, including new patterned sidewalks and traffic signals, helped attract 40 new businesses and nearly 200 new jobs, along with increases in sales and foot traffic.13 Lancaster, California added pedestrian safety features as part of a downtown revitalization effort,including a pedestrian-only plaza, wider sidewalks, landscaping and traffic calming. The project spurred $125 million in private investment, a 26% increase in sales tax revenue, and 800 new jobs, after a public investment of $10.6 million.[2]

$125 million in private investment 800 new jobs

26% increase in sales tax revenue 200 new jobs

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40 new businesses

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INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC BENEFITS

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INTRODUCTION SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS

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Action1: Encourage Local Activities

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Action2: Action3: Transform New Open Space Improve Sid

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INTRODUCTION OVERALL DIRECTION

OVERALL DIRECTION

1. Provide more human scale space, activate the city 2. Connect existing open space, expand open space network 3. Provide distributed open space within easy walking distance 4. Achieve environmental improvements

dewalks and Cycle Routes

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ACTION1: ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES

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ACTION1: ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES

PLACES WHERE PEOPLE HEADING TO OR COMING FROM

1 7 2 4 ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES 018 PAGE

DEVELOPMENT OF POINTS AVTIVITIES&INSTALLATIONS BUILDING TYPES Residential clusters Office building clusters Retails

ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES DEVELOPMENT OF POINTS

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When there is a mix of uses and activities within a local area (e.g.,a mix of residences, workplaces and local retail commerce), many daily trips can remain short and walkable. Diverse uses peaking at different times keep local streets animated and safe,encouraging walking and cycling activity, and fostering a vibrant human environment where people want to live.

ACTIVITY MAP

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Action1: Encourage Local Activities

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ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES AVTIVITIES&INSTALLATIONS

FRESH FOOD MARKET

FAST STREET FOOD

FLEA MARKET

PLAYGROUND

ART INSTALLATION

SEATING

FOOD STALL

SPORTS FACILITY

The achievement of this action mostly depends on adding the installation layer on the ground. Different installations such as fresh food market, art installation, food stalls, outdoor seating, sports facility will be added in the planned area to make use of the underutilised space.

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ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES RESIDENTIAL AREA

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PRINCIPLES_ RESIDENTIAL AREA • ACCESSIBILITY TO FAST STREET FOOD • ACCESSIBILITY TO FRESH FOOD MARKET • ENCOURAGE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES TO TAKE PLACE

SQUARE DANCING

RESIDENTIAL AREA

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Details • Fresh food includes any of the following: fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products, meat and seafood. • Source of fast street food include food trucks, individual food sellers or any kind of food business with legal lisence. • Provide comforting environment to encourage people to go outdoors, and this is fundamental for social activities to take place. Local committee is in charge of planning different regular activities.

STREET FOOD

FRESH FOOD MARKET

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ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES OFFICE BUILDINGS

PRINCIPLES_OFFICE BUILDINGS • ACCESSIBILITY TO FAST STREET FOOD • ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTDOOR CAFE • ACCESSIBILITY TO SPORTS FACILITY

OUTDOOR CAFE

STREET FOOD

OFFICE BUILDINGS

Details • Source of fast street food include food trucks, individual food sellers or any kind of food business with legal lisence. • Outdoor cafe seatings are provided by cafe or restaurants from local area. • Sports facility should focus on sports which need multiple players to participate.

SPORTS FACILITY

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ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES RETAILS

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PRINCIPLES_RETAILS

• ACCESSIBILITY TO SUFFICIENT SEATING • ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTDOOR CAFE • ACCESSIBILITY TO ART INSTALLATION

SEATING

RETAILS

OUTDOOR CAFE

Details • Outdoor cafe seatings are provided by cafe or restaurants from local area. • Art installation should be temporary from 15 days to 60 days, provided by artists or art students nationwide.

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ART INSTALLATION

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POINTS

ACTION1:ENCOURAGE LOCAL ACTIVITIES CRITERIA

CRITERIA_ RESIDENTIAL AREA ACCESSIBILITY TO FAST STREET FOOD 2 More than 5 businesses can be found within the area 1 2-5 businesses can be found within the area 0 Less than 2 businesses can be found within the area ACCESSIBILITY TO FRESH FOOD MARKET 1 There is more than one food market within the area 0 No food market in the area ENCOURAGE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES TO TAKE PLACE 2 More than 30% residents in this area participated in any social activities in the last month. 1 10%-30% residents in this area participated in any social activities in the last month. 0 Less than 10% residents in this area participated in any social activities in the last month.

CRITERIA_OFFICE BUILDINGS ACCESSIBILITY TO FAST STREET FOOD 2 More than 5 businesses can be found within the area 1 2-5 businesses can be found within the area 0 Less than 2 businesses can be found within the area ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTDOOR CAFE 1 There is more than one within the area 0 No outdoor cafe in the area

ACCESSIBILITY TO SPORTS FACILITY 2 More than 30% people in this area participated in any sports activities in the last month. 1 10%-30% people in this area participated in any sports activities in the last month. 0 Less than 10% people in this area participated in any sports activities in the last month.

CRITERIA_RETAILS

ACCESSIBILITY TO SUFFICIENT SEATING 2 More than 5 benches can be found within the area 1 2-5 benches can be found within the area 0 Less than 2 benches can be found within the area ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTDOOR CAFE 1 There is more than one within the area 0 No outdoor cafe in the area

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ACCESSIBILITY TO ART INSTALLATION 2 More than 2 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months. 1 1-2 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months. 0 Less than 1 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months.

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES

2 5 4 6 ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES SIDEWALK DESIGN PRINCIPLES ACCESSIBILITY THREE TYPES OF SIDEWALKS TYPE1: TRAFFIC CORRIDOR TYPE2: LOCAL STREETS TYPE3: SHARED STREETS CYCLE ROUTE DESIGN PRINCIPLES ACCESSIBILITY TYPE1: TRAFFIC CORRIDOR TYPE2: LOCAL STREETS TYPE3: SHARED STREETS

CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE PLACES THAT PEOPLE ARE AND WHERE THEY WANT TO GO

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES

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Action2: Improve Sid

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLES_SIDEWALKS

• SUFFICIENT CROSSING TO ENSURE HIGH ACCESSIBILITY • HIERARCHY OF SIDEWALKS TO ENSURE THE SYSTEM WORK EFFICIENTLY • SAFE AND COMFORTABLE TO WALK ON

Walking is the most natural, healthy and clean mode of travel for short distances, and it is significant to a human scale city. After activation of different points throughout CBD area, sidewalks function as the thread to link the points together. Walking is, or can be, the most enjoyable of getting around if provided with good environment and sufficient facilities. There are three objectives fot the design: convenience, safety, and comfort.

dewalks and Cycle Routes 028 PAGE

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES ACCESSIBILITY

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ACCESSIBILITY

DISTANCE: 1225M TIME ESTIMATION: 15MIN

DISTANCE: 790M TIME ESTIMATION: 9MIN LACK OF CROSSING

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Due to the lack of crossing, pedestrians may take much longer time to go to their destinations. As shown in the diagram, it takes around 15 mins to go to Jianwai SOHO Building 9 from Jianguo restaurant in the existing condition due to the lack of crossing. When the new crossing is provided, the travel time can be decreased to 9 mins, and the distance will be decreased to 790m.

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES ACCESSIBILITY

By mapping out the crossings within this area, we can see that the accessibility in this area is generally good, however, some spots are not covered which means it may take pedestrians more than 5 mins to find a crossing. New crossings should be provided to cover these spots.

Very High Accessibility High Accessibility Standard Accessibility

EXISTING ACCESSIBILITY

New Crossing

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SUGGESTED ACCESSIBILITY

Very High Accessibility High Accessibility Standard Accessibility

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

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TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

BUS STOP

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ACCESS FOR ALL

SEATING BIKE PARKING SMART SYSTEM

STORM TER M AGEME SHELTER

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

Existing Condition_Traffic Corridor

Traffic corridor is along the streets which are shared by punbic transport and a large amount of cars, it is a significant interchange between public transport and walking network. It mostly carry necessary activities such as commuting.

MWAMANENT

Suggested Width: 6-12m

30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface Bedding mortar

Reinforced concrete slab

Compacted crushed rock

SECTION

Building or property line

GREY SANDBLASTED LIMESTONE PAVING

Full paver to back of kerb

Road

Footpath

Kerb

Grey sandblasted limestone is the standard footpath treatment used throughout traffic corridor. The standard size paving unit is 395*395*30mm, with a sawn finish and a 2mm chamfer to edges. Pavers are laid in a stretcher bond pattern in a 400*400mm module perpendicular to kerb. 30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface

Footpath

Full paver to back of kerb

Road

Compacted crushed rock

Kerb

Building or property line

PLAN Paving

Reinforced concrete slab

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The paving should provide a consistent finish and be level and flush with existing pavement surfaces.

Bedding mortar

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES LOCAL STREET

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LOCAL STREET

APPEALING FACADE

OUTDOOR CAFE

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ACCESS FOR ALL

BIKE PARKING

SMART SYSTEM

SEATING AND TABLE

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES LOCAL STREET

Existing Condition_Local Street

Local street carries less amount of cars and it is the key link for pedestrians. People tend to stay here longer and optional activities such as window shopping, seating, are more likely to happen on this type of street.

30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface

Bedding mortar

Reinforced concrete slab

SHELTER

Compacted crushed rock

Full paver to back of kerb

Road

Footpath

Kerb

Building or property line

Full paver to back of kerb

Road

Footpath

Kerb

Building or property line

Suggested Width:4-8m

30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface Bedding mortar

Reinforced concrete slab

Compacted crushed rock

Building or property line

SECTION

GREY SANDBLASTED LIMESTONE PAVING SMALL SIZE Grey sandblasted limestone is the standard footpath treatment used throughout local streets. Paving

The paving should provide a consistent finish and be level and flush with existing pavement surfaces.

PLAN

Paving

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Building or property line

The standard size paving unit is 195*395*30mm, with a sawn finish and a 2mm chamfer to edges. Pavers are laid in a stretcher bond pattern in a 200*400mm module perpendicular to kerb.

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES SHARED STREET

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SHARED STREET

OUTDOOR CAFE

ACCESS FOR ALL

BIKE PARKING

SHELTER

SMART SYSTEM

POINTS CRITERIA_SIDEWALKS

PLANTER AND SEATING FOOD TRUCK

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SUFFICIENT CROSSING TO ENSURE HIGH ACCESSIBILITY 1 Travel time to the next crossing is less than 5mins 0 Travel time to the next crossing is more than 5mins SAFE AND COMFORTABLE TO WALK ON 2 Complete infrastructure and installtions 1 More than a half installtions are built 0 Less than a half installtions are built

RECLAIM THE CITY

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES SHARED STREET

Existing Condition_Shared Street

Shared street is the street pedestrians can move freely across. Very small amount cars can enter this type of street with limited speed. Pedestrians share the street with few bikes and cars. It carries many optional and social activities.

30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface

Bedding mortar

SEATING AND TABLE

Compacted crushed rock

Building or property line

Suggested Width: more than 2m

Building or property line

Paving

30mm thick grey limestone chamfered side up mortared joints flush with paving surface Bedding mortar

Reinforced concrete slab

Compacted crushed rock

SECTION

Building or property line

GREY SANDBLASTED LIMESTONE PAVING MIXED SIZE

PLAN

Footpath

Full paver to back of kerb

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The paving should provide a consistent finish and be level and flush with existing pavement surfaces.

Kerb

The standard size paving unit is 395*395*30mm,195*195*30mm with a sawn finish and a 2mm chamfer to edges. Pavers are laid in a stretcher bond pattern in a 400*400mm, 200mm*200mm module perpendicular to kerb.

Road

Full paver to back of kerb

Building or property line

Footpath

Kerb

Grey sandblasted limestone is the standard footpath treatment used throughout shared streets. Road

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

Reinforced concrete slab

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES HIERARCHY

HIERARCHY OF STREETS

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES HIERARCHY

HIERARCHY

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES HIERARCHY

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EXISTING CYCLE ROUTES

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES HIERARCHY

PRINCIPLES_CYCLE ROUTES

• COMPLETE SYSTEM TO ENSURE HIGH ACCESSIBILITY • HIERARCHY OF CYCLE ROUTES TO ENSURE THE SYSTEM WORK EFFICIENTLY • SAFE TO RIDE ON

Biking is the most healthy, clean and efficient mode of travel for short to medium distances, and it is significant to a human scale city. Biking combines the flexibility of people powered transport and the convenience of fast travel. However, biking can be vulnerable to vehicles if the safety condition is poor.

SUGGESTED CYCLE ROUTES

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

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TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

LEVEL CHANGE

ACCESS RAMP

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PLANTER

BIKE PARKING

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SHADE

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES TRAFFIC CORRIDOR

Traffic corridor is along the streets which are shared by punbic transport and a large amount of cars, bikes need to be protected from the big volume of traffic. Planters are used here to protect cyclists from other vehicle and provide shades meanwhile. Level change is designed to divide cyclists from pedestrians. Access ramps should be designed to connect cycle routes with sidewalks. Suggested width: 2-5m

Existing Condition_traffic corridor

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES LOCAL STREET

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LOCAL STREET

PLANTER

SHADE

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BIKE PARKING

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES LOCAL STREET

Local street carries less amount of cars and it is the key link for cyclists. Cyclists tend to go to sidewalks instead of riding sometime, and join optional activities such as window shopping, seating, are more likely to happen on this type of street. Suggested width: 1-4m

Existing Condition_local street

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ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES SHARED STREET

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SHARED STREET

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COLOR DIVISION

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BIKE PARKING

ACTION2:IMPROVE SIDEWALKS AND CYCLE ROUTES SHARED STREET

Shared street is the street cyclists can move freely across. Very small amount cars can enter this type of street with limited speed. Pedestrians share the street with few bikes and cars. It carries many optional and social activities. Riding speed is limted and cycle route is divided by color stripes using significantly different material. Suggested width: 1.5-2m

Existing Condition_shared street

POINTS CRITERIA_CYCLE ROUTES

COMPLETE SYSTEM TO ENSURE HIGH ACCESSIBILITY 1 Complete cycle route system 0 Incomplete cycle route system

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SAFE TO RIDE ON 2 Complete infrastructure and installtions 1 More than a half installtions are built 0 Less than a half installtions are built

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE

FIG10

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PLACES ALONG ROUTES THAT ALLOW PEOPLE TO STAY IN AND ACTIVATE THE CITY

ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE

4 7 7 2 ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE

048 PAGE

ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGIES

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TYPOLOGIES

TYPES OF BUILDINGS, SIDEWALKS, HEDGES

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Action3: Transform New Open Space

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE TYPOLOGIES

RETAIL+LARGE SIDEWALK+LARGE HEDGE

RESIDENTIAL+MEDIUM SIDEWALK+SMALL HEDGE

RETAIL+LARGE SIDEWALK+LARGE HEDGE+ SMALL SIDEWALK

OFFICE BUILDING+LARGE SIDEWALK+LARGE HEDGE

TYPES OF COMMON COMBINATION

New open space will be transformed from the massive area of hedges, as this occupies most of the underutilised space in Beijing CBD. It functions as places along streets to carry more stationary activities. Compared to sidewalks, which intend to solve the problem of walking, open space intends to solve the problem of 'staying', which means to create space for pedestrians to stay, from a couple of minutes to hours.

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLES_OPEN SPACE

• PROVIDE MOER HUMAN SCALE SPACE • CONNECT EXISTING OPEN SPACE AND PARKS, EXPAND OPEN SPACE NETWORK • ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROMENTS

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OPEN SPACE NETWORK

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE STRATEGIES

STRATEGIES

INCISE This technique is to create human s c a le s pa c e a dja c e n t t o o ffi c e buildings and residential buildings. The intention is to create more space for activities and keep activities on the other side of the hedges uninterrupted. REARRANGE This technique is to create human scale space adjacent to retails and other buildings which have a demand for interaction between buildings and pedestrians. The intention is to create human scale space and create better connection between pedestrians and buildings. LINK The intention of this technique is to link the whole network together, and to link the void space under 3rd Ring Rd with the city.

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

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SITE1: CCTV HEAD STRIPE PLA

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

DQUARTERS AYGROUND

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

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SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS SURROUNDINGS (STRIPE PLAYGROUND)

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MASTERPLAN

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

This projects is a test of the technique 'Incise'. It is located around CCTV headquarters building. Although it is a landmark building in Beijing CBD area, the surrouding of this building is not offering pedestrian a comfortable scale to enjoy. This project is foucused on how to redesign the massive hedges in city and how to divide the city scale space into the human scale open space.

LOCATION PLAN

Development of the form starts with the study of the human scale. The comfortable square space human needs to occupy is about 182cm long and wide, thus, the area is divides into a grid of182*182cm squares to allocate space for a range of activities. And after this, small squares start to assemble to create larger spaces for more people.

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

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SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS SURROUNDINGS (STRIPE PLAYGROUND)

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BIRD VIEW

OPEN SPACE NETWORK

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE1: CCTV HEADQUARTERS STRIPE PLAYGROUND

SECTION 1-1

SECTION 2-2

SECTION 3-3

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Hedges are designed as topography to create a variety of spaces and atmosphere. Some low level hedges are for crossing through, some high hedges are for looking through and some are tall enough to block surroudings to create an enclosed space. Activities may happen during differnt times of the day.

ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

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SITE2: JIANWAI STREET (STR PLAZA)

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

I RETAIL RIPE )

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

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SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA) 1

MASTERPLAN

Hedges Pedestrians' Stationary Activity

Shadow Analyze

Low Possibility Medium Possibility High Possibility

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Stationary Activity Possibilities

Rearranged Hedges

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

LOCATION PLAN

This projects is a test of the technique 'Rearrange'. It is located north to Jianwai Road, adjacent to many retail shops and cafe. A metro entrance is also in this area. The intention is to break the limit of pedestrians' walking experience, to let them have more freedom to interact with the buildings.

The new form of the hedges is influenced by two major factors: sunshine and stationary activity possibilities. For example, people would like to stay in front of a cafe, however, if the sunshine condition is bad, it is still not suitable for pleasing outdoor activities.

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

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SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

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VIEW FROM THE STREET

SECTION 1-1

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE2: JIANWAI RETAIL STREET (STRIPE PLAZA)

MOVEABLE BENCHES

Moveable benches connected with rails are designed to move according to different needs. An interesting variety of spaces can be created by users.

Sufficient open space adjacent to retails can provide pedestrians enough space to relax and participate in different social activities. It functions as a set back area between retail buildings to streets.

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE3: GREEN CROSSING

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SIT GREEN C

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE3: GREEN CROSSING

TE3: CROSSING

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE3: GREEN CROSSING

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SITE3: GREEN CROSSING

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FLEXIABLE BUSINESS ON BRIDGE

VIEW FROM NORTH

ELEVATION FROM SOUTH

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE SITE3: GREEN CROSSING

LOCATION PLAN

10M

20M

40M

MASTERPLAN

This project is a test of the strategy 'Link'. It is a new crossing to connect open space along two sides of Jianwai Street together.

In Beijing, it seems to be a tradition that some small business may happen on the bridge. This design is making a crossing to increase the accessibility of the open space adjacent, while at the same time, encouring this small , flexiable business to take place.

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LEVATION FROM EAST

ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE BENEFITS OF TREES

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REDUCED HEATISLAND EFFECTS REDUCED AIRPOLLUTION PARTICULATES SUPPORT OF NATURAL DIVERSITY

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ENHANCED COMFORT OF PUBLIC SPACE SYMBOLIC CONNECTION TO NATURE

FIG11

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE BENEFITS OF TREES

BENEFITS OF TREES

IMPROVED COMFORT AND APPEAL OF RETAIL DISTRICTS

REDUCED HEATISLAND EFFECTS REDUCED AIRPOLLUTION PARTICULATES SUPPORT OF NATURAL DIVERSITY ENHANCED COMFORT OF PUBLIC SPACE SYMBOLIC CONNECTION TO NATURE IMPROVED COMFORT AND APPEAL OF RETAIL DISTRICTS INCREASED RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES

INCREASED RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE PRINCIPLES

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PRINCIPLES_PLANTS SELECTION

• PLANTS WHICH CAN SURVIVE IN EXTREME AIR CONDITION SUCH AS HIGH POLLUTION. • PLANTS WITH BIG LEAVES TO CAPTURE MORE AIR POLLUTION PARTICULATES. • PLANTS OF VARIETY OF HEIGHTS TO MAXIMIZE THE BENEFITS.

EXISTING CONDITION

SUGGESTED

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Pm2.5 is microscopic solid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere, it is the main component of the smog in Beijing. It can captured by the hairy tree leaves. One new study from Lancaster University shows a 50% reduction in PM2.5 with the help of trees.

SUGGESTED

In the existing condition, pedestrains are exposed directly to air pollution. In the new proposals, trees are planted as a filter between pedestrians and smog to provide a better environment for pedestrians.

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE PRINCIPLES

Plants of different heights are also appealing to human scale, as it influences people's view, behaviour and sometimes different colors may even influence people's emotions.

TYPICAL SECTION

9-15m

3-8m

0-3m

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ACTION3:TRANSFORM NEW OPEN SPACE CRITERIA

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POINTS CRITERIA_OPEN SPACE

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ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROMENTS 2 There is a decrease of more than 20% in air pollution particulates(smog). 1 There is a decrease between 0-20% in air pollution particulates(smog). 0 There is no decrease in air pollution particulates(smog).

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CONCLUSION

In this chapter, different criteria of different principles of the project will be assessed. Different points will be given to different condition to evaluate Beijing CBD area.

7 4 7 8 CONCLUSION MASTERPLAN CRITERIA

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CONCLUSION MASTERPLAN

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MASTERPLAN

50m

100m

200m

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CONCLUSION MASTERPLAN

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CONCLUSION CRITERIA

POINTS

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CRITERIA_RETAILS

ACCESSIBILITY TO SUFFICIENT SEATING 2 More than 5 benches can be found within the area 1 2-5 benches can be found within the area 0 Less than 2 benches can be found within the area

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ACCESSIBILITY TO OUTDOOR CAFE 1 There is more than one within the area 0 No outdoor cafe in the area ACCESSIBILITY TO ART INSTALLATION 2 More than 2 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months. 1 1-2 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months. 0 Less than 1 art installations can be found within the area in the last two months.

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CONCLUSION CRITERIA

CRITERIA_SIDEWALKS

CRITERIA_CYCLE ROUTES

COMPLETE SYSTEM TO ENSURE HIGH ACCESSIBILITY 1 Complete cycle route system 0 Incomplete cycle route system SAFE TO RIDE ON 2 Complete infrastructure and installtions 1 More than a half installtions are built 0 Less than a half installtions are built

CRITERIA_OPEN SPACE

PROVIDE MOER HUMAN SCALE SPACE 2 There is more than 10% increase in open space area. 1 There is 5-10% increase in open space area. 0 There is less than 5% increase in open space area. CONNECT EXISTING OPEN SPACE AND PARKS, EXPAND OPEN SPACE NETWORK 2 There is at least one existing open space within 5 mins walk distance. 1 There is at least one existing open space within 5-10 mins walk distance. 0 Nearest existing open space is more than 10 mins walk distance. ACHIEVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROMENTS 2 There is a decrease of more than 20% in air pollution particulates(smog). 1 There is a decrease between 0-20% in air pollution particulates(smog). 0 There is no decrease in air pollution particulates(smog).

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Through this project, more human scale space will be created, local avtivities will be activated, sidewalks and cycle routes will be improved. However, certain criteria are needed to assess the success of the project. This is a detailed criteria sheet for all the certain standards for different aspects of the project.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=195379&page=407 2.http://www.ramboll.com/~/media/Images/RGR/Lets-talk-megatrends/Liveable-Cities-Labs/Liveable_cities1_722x318.jpg 3.https://sustainbydesign.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/ap20130130a3a.jpg 4.http://www.traveller.com.au/content/dam/images/2/4/6/1/r/image.related.articleLeadwide.520x294.2460e.png/1417403167861.jpg 7.http://thoughts.arup.com/App_Images/Posts/Large/iStock_000046226854Large_882x300.jpg 8.https://anotherheader.wordpress.com/2011/01/26/china-hong-kong/ 9.http://gehlarchitects.com/ 10.http://gehlarchitects.com/

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11.trs: http://www.memoriesnotdreams.com/what-to-see-and-eat-in-beijing-in-one-week/

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

KEY READINGS: 1.Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan Author: Remment Koolhaas Monacelli/010 Press, 1994; Oxford University Press, 1978 2.http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/cs/factsheets/cs-economic.pdf 3.Life Between Buildings Author: Jan Gehl 4.TOD standard 5.Walking plan; City of Melbourne 6.Bostoncompletestreets. org 7.Transport strategy; City of Melbourne

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