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Hiromichi Kamiya か
み
や
ひ
ろ
み
ち
神谷大道
1994/Jan
Born in Tokyo, Japan
2012/Apr - 2016/Mar 2016/Apr2017/Sep - 2018/Oct
Meiji University Meiji University Graduate school (I-AUD) Internship at RMA Architects(Mumbai)
2019/Mar
Graduated I-AUD
Language:
Japanese, English
Skills:
Rhinoceros, AutoCad, SketchUp, Illustrator, Photoshop, InDesign, Vray
01
Thesis Project:
Research of 40+1 cases of informal work spaces and The application to Housings for locals (Selected work for Lemon Exhibition and Best work for the year, Meiji University)
02
M2 Project:
Sub elements City -Archipelago of ďŹ ve small architecture adopting Adohocism(Best work for the year, Meiji University)
03
M1 Project: Une nouvelle ĂŠcole -Rebuilding project of an university in Paris(Best work for the year, Meiji University)
04
Diploma Project: Void in a skyscraper
-Prototype of all skyscrapers Renovation Project( Fine work , Meiji University )
This portfolio is composed of my four latest projects. These projects are aimed to be a bridge to the next generation containing references of architectural history. Therefore I wrote articles at the beginning of each project to understand what happened in the past and what will probably happen in the future. I hope you will be interested in my works.
Research of 40+1 cases of informal work spaces and The application to Housings for locals
「建築家なしの建築」以後
J.B. Jackson による分類と照らし合わせて考えると、ヴァナキュラー と呼ばれるものは第一のランドスケープに近いだろう。各地で偶発的に
１９６４年に MOMA でおこなわれた、ルドフスキーによる「建築家
発生した建築の風景はその土地固有のものに違いないからである。そし
なしの建築」展が開かれてから半世紀以上たつ。建築家の仕事ではない
て第三のランドスケープに相当する、新しいかたちのヴァナキュラーは、
風土的な建築たちを取り上げることにより、土着的でヴァナキュラーな
もうすでに都市の中に存在しているかもしれない。
建築の存在を許容することで建築そのものの定義をより大きな枠組みへ と広げることに成功した。 この展示また書籍を契機として、それまで対極に位置づけられていた 自然と建築は互いの境界をほどきインテグレートされていくことになる。
都市のなかの「野生」 ムンバイは現在急速に発達している都市のひとつで、2050 年には世界
「建築家なしの建築」は多くの建築家に影響を与え、インターナショナル
で最も人口の多い都市として街は大きく書き換えられている途中である。
スタイルに代表される画一的で機能を最優先したデザインに対抗するた
私は発展していくムンバイのなかにヴァナキュラーがあるのか調査する
めの胚芽となった。
ことにした。
次第にこの動きはモダニズムに反旗を翻すかたちで「批判的地域主義」
調査の中で特に私の目を引いたのは不恰好でおんぼろな、店と呼ぶに
と呼ばれ、ポスト・モダニズムの一連のムーブメントとして一般的に広
は少々抵抗がある商店たちだ。その数はあまりにも多く、街中に出て周
く共有されていく。
囲を見渡せば必ずブルーシートでできた簡単なつくりの店をいくつも見
以上のように「建築家なしの建築」以前 / 以後の対置はその後の世代 である我々にも認識され、現在でも鮮明に残り続けている。
つけることができる。当初は目に留まる事はなかったが、よく見てみる ととても面白い。それらは街なかのあらゆるものを組み合わせてつくら れている。例えば、現状では使われていないガードレールを店のカウン ターのように見立てて、チャイ売り場にコンバージョンしている店を発 見した。この考え方は、レヴィ = ストロースのいう「ブリコラージュ」 の概念に近く、彼らはあり合わせの道具と都市の余剰となっているパブ リックスペースをうまく利用して働き場を確保している。まさに都市の なかの「野生」である。 調査を続けるうちに、これらのインフォーマルなワークスペースはム ンバイらしさを大きく担う役割をしているのではないかと考えるように なった。 ム ン バ イ に は ド ビ ー ガ ー ド と 呼 ば れ る、世 界 一 大 き な 洗 濯 場 が あ る。 敷地の中はスラムのようになっていて、低下層の人々がそこで暮らしな がら働いている。内部の人間による見学ツアーは観光客にとても人気が あるため、政府はその存在を仕方なく黙認している。これは皮肉にもイ ンフォーマルスペースがムンバイの産業のひとつだということを示して
F i g.1 A l b e rob e l l o , Ita l y
いるのだ。
ヴァナキュラーが上書きされるとき 【ヴァナキュラー /Vernacular】とは、その土地の固有のもの、という 意味らしい。我々がヴァナキュラーと聞いて想像するとき、文明がテク ノロジーに侵されずに保たれ、自然と共に生活を送っている集落のよう なものを思い浮かべる。それは間違いではないが、では私たちの住む都 市の中にはヴァナキュラーは存在しないのか。 J.B.Jackson は「Discovering the Vernacular Landscape」の中で、 ランドスケープを段階的に分析している。 彼は第一のランドスケープとして移動可能性について言及した。歴史
Fig. 3 In for ma l wor k spa ce (C hai s ho p)
インフォーマルスペースの役割
において初めての住居が誕生した段階、仮設的な建築風景がランドスケー
では、インフォーマルなワークスペースが増え続けている状況は何を意
プの始まりである。次に、人々がひとつの地に定住しはじめたフェーズ
味しているのだろうか。外部資本が流入する中で都市部での貧困の格差
を第二のランドスケープと述べている。歴史の中で街が出来た瞬間であ
はさらに広がり、低所得者のための居住地や働き場は失いつつある。そ
る。それから彼は現代にあたる第三のランドスケープについて、静的な
れに加えて半島という地形は都市の拡大に不向きであり、モンスーンな
風景の中に動的なものが混ざることを提唱している。フェスティバルや
どの気候的な問題も都市形成の難しさに大きく関わっている。つまり、
マーケットなどの一時的なランドスケープが静的な都市の中で人々の関
都市インフラは著しい変化に対応しきれず、もはや破綻を迎えたのだ。
係づけるような状態である。つまり、かつての移動可能な風景を都市の
そのしわ寄せとしてインフォーマルなワークスペースが氾濫したことが
中で再発見することだ。
わかる。
After "Architecture without architect" It has been more than half a century since Rudofsky's "Architecture without Architects" exhibition, was held at the MOMA in 1964. By highlighting an endemic architecture that is not the work of architects, it extended the definition of the architecture itself into a larger framework by allowing the existence of indigenous and vernacular architecture. With this exhibition and book as a starting point, nature and architecture, which had been regarded as opposites, will unify their boundaries and be fusioned.
Architecture without
Architects has influenced many architects, and has become an opportunity for competing with an uniform, function-oriented design represented by International style. This movement will gradually be called "Critical regionalism" against modernism and is generally widely shared as a series of post-modernism movements. As mentioned above, the opposition of a before/after Architecture without Architects is recognized by subsequent generations and continues to remain clear even now.
When Vernacular is overwritten [ヴァ ナ キ ュ ラ ー / Vernacular] means something inherent to the land.
When we hear the word vernacular, we can think of a
remote place where civilization is kept free from technology and lives with nature. That is not a mistake, but does it mean that in the city where we live, vernacular is inexistent? In "Discovering the Vernacular Landscape", J. B. Jackson analyzes the landscape into three stages on the historical timeline. He refered to a mobility as the first landscape. Temporary architecture, which is the first dwelling in history, is the beginning of the landscape. Then, the phase where people started to settle in one place is described as the second landscape. It is the moment when the city was born. Finally he suggests that the third landscape is the situation where a static landscape is mixed with something kinetic. Temporary landscapes such as festivals and markets connect people with the static city. In other words, it helps them rediscover a mobile landscape in the city. In terms of the classification by J. B. Jackson, vernacular will be closer to the first landscape. It is because landscapes that occurred accidentally in various places must be inherent of the land. And the new form of vernacular, which corresponds to the third landscape, may already exist in the current city.
Fig. 2 Ve r n a cu l a r Lands cape, J.B. Jacks o n
"Savage" in the city Mumbai is one of the fastest growing cities in the world, and by 2050 the city will be undergoing a major transformation as one of the most populous cities. I decided to investigate if there is something vernacular in Mumbai. The ones that caught my eyes in the survey were especially ill-formed and ragged businesses that were difficult to call shops. Their number is so large that you will always find an important number of easy-made shops made of blue sheets if you go out and look around. At first I didn't notice them, but they are very interesting to look closer to. They are made by combining everything in the city. For example, I found a chai shop using a guardrail that is not used anymore. The top of the guardrail was converted to a shop counter. This way of thinking is close to the concept of "bricolage" by Claude Levi-Strauss, and they create a working place by random tools and public space that is not occupied. It can be called "savage" in the city. As I continued my research, I came to think that these informal workspaces are playing a role in Mumbai s identity. Mumbai has the largest laundry in the world called Guard
Dobby
. The inner part of the site is like a slum, and people
from the lower classes live and work there. They organize tours that are so popular with tourists, the government has silently acknowledged their existence. Ironically, this indicates that informal space is one of Mumbai's industries.
The role of informal spaces So what does the situation where informal work spaces continue to grow mean? With the inflow of external capital, the poverty gap in urban areas is expanding further, and places of residence and places of work for low-income people are being lost. In addition, the topography of the peninsula is unsuitable for the expansion of the city, and climatic problems such as monsoon are also greatly involved. In other words, urban infrastructure could not keep up with the drastic changes, and is no longer sufficient. You can see that informal work spaces expended, shifting with that situation.
拡大に不向きであり、モンスーンなどの気候的な問題も都市形成の難し さに大きく関わっている。つまり、都市インフラは著しい変化に対応し きれず、もはや破綻を迎えたのだ。そのしわ寄せとしてインフォーマル なワークスペースが氾濫したことがわかる。 しかし、逆説的にインフォーマルスペースは都市計画の失敗を補う役 割を果たしているのではないか？それらが都市の破綻を埋め合わせてい るのなら、そこにもう一度都市の機能を回復させるヒントが眠っている かもしれない。 この仮説から、ムンバイ市内に分布しているインフォーマルスペース 40+1 パターンを調査、分類した。それらは主に町と密接に関わりを持つ 商業的なスペースに注目している。 調査から彼らが多用しているディティール、領域についての考え方、さ れにはパブリックスペースへの認識を新たに発見した。 それらを援用しながら近代に重要な拠点となっていた繊維工場の跡地に 低所得者用住居＋マーケットを設計する。
low-income people are being lost. In addition, the topography of the peninsula is unsuitable for the expansion of the city, and climatic problems such as monsoon are also greatly involved. In other words, urban infrastructure could not keep up with the drastic changes, and is no longer suďŹƒcient. You can see that informal work spaces expended, shifting with that situation. However, can we say that paradoxically, informal space plays a role to compensate the failure of urban planning? If they are making up for the city's failure, then there may be tips to restore the city's function again. From this hypothesis, I researched and classiďŹ ed 40+1 informal spaces distributed in the city. It is focused mainly on work spaces which has a strong connection with the city. Through this research I discovered details that they are using, an idea of territory, and a perception about public spaces. I, based on those discoveries, designed aordable housings + markets in the site where used to be an important mill place in the 20th century: Apollo mill.
fig.2 History of Mumbai s geography
fig.3 Transition of Central Business District in south Mumbai
Mumbai Suburbs Mahim Parel
Worli
Mazagaon
Malabar
Mumbai
Back bay Greater Mumbai Little colaba
1970 2010 Phase 2
Colaba
1534
1845
2010 1950 1970 Phase 1
1. ムンバイの誕生
2. 北上していく中心地
ムンバイはもともと７つの島を埋め立ててできた半島である。
経 済 成 長 と と も に 都 市 は 拡 大 し、中 心 地 は 年 々 北 上 し て い る。
東インド会社が貿易のための港として利用して以来、現在も続
そのたびに新たな高層ビルやマンションが立ち並ぶが、同時に
く経済発展を迎えた。街は海岸から発展したため、東京やパリ
貧富の差も拡大してきた。北側へしか広がりようのないムンバ
のように同心円上に広がることができない。つまり、都市イン
イには、住宅の供給が追いつかず、家賃相場が高騰していき低
フラが直線的になるため渋滞を引き起こし、街が成長していく
所得者たちはより北側へと追いやられている。その結果、地元
ほど中心地へのアクセスが悪くなっていく。
の人のための住み場と働き場が失われつつある。
1. Birth of Mumbai
2. Moving center towards North
Mumbai is a peninsula composed by seven islands. Since
Mumbai is expanding with the economic growth and the
East India company used the city as a treading port, the
central part is moving to the north year after year.
economic development has been growing. The city started
It bought a lot of high rise buildings and condominiums, but,
from the coastal area so it could not be extended on a
at the same time the gap between rich and poor went on
concentric circle such as Tokyo or Paris. This means the
widening.
linear urban structure is causing traffic congestion.
The difficulty of Mumbai's expansion makes the housing supply lower so the rent cost rises and low-income people have to move further towards the north side. As a result, living and working space for local people are begining to be eliminated.
fig.4 Transition of Central Business District in south Mumbai
fig.4 Transition of Central Business District in south Mumbai
1,000
Household Income Distribution 60000
80000
100000
900
120000 100
9
90
8
80
7
70
6
60
5
50
4
40
3
30
2
20
1
10
0
0
800 700 600
Cumu ative Percent of Households
40000
2500 5000 7500 10000 12500 15000 17500 20000 22500 25000 27500 30000 32500 35000 37500 40000 42500 45000 47500 50000 52500 55000 57500 60000 62500 65000 67500 70000 72500 75000 77500 80000 82500 85000 87500 90000 92500 95000 97500 100000 102500 105000 107500 110000 112500 115000 117500 120000
Percent of Household
20000
Monthly Household Income INR
500 400 300 200
Demand
100
Supply 1951
1949
1958 1956
1973 1976
1961
1971
1975
Thousand Housing Units
10
0
1983 1981
1991 1994
1985
1992 1995
2001
fig.4 Transition of Central Business District in south Mumbai % of Total Population
41.85%
Slums
Formal Housing
9%
% of Total Area
3. 経済成長と格差
4. 人口過密都市ムンバイ
ムンバイの人口は現在 1800 万人だが、2050 年には 4200 万人
ム ン バ イ 市 内 に お け る 住 宅 供 給 は 大 き な 課 題 で あ る。人 口 の
まで増え世界一の人口を抱える都市になると言われている。し
40％が土地の 9% しかない狭小なスラム地域に住んでいる。街
かし、人口の 25％の世帯収入は月に 12,500 ルピー（約 20,000
中にインフォーマルなワークスペースが数多く見られるのは、
円）であり、わずか 9% の人々のみが 60,000 ルピー以上を稼い
働き場のない彼らが生活していくために街のコンテクストを読
でいる。先述のとおり家賃相場が高騰しているムンバイには低
み解き、人々の要求に合わせた仕事を発見していったためであ
所得者のための居場所はない。
る。インフォーマルなワークスペースを調査し、それらが都市 とどのような関係をもつのかを考察する。
3. Economic growth and disparity
4. An over populated city
Mumbai
Now the population of Mumbai is 180,00,000 and it will reach
Housing supplies are one of the biggest issue in Mumbai. 40%
420,00,000 by 2050 which is the largest populated city in the
of the people are living in small slum whch is only 9% of the
world. However, 25% of them earn only 12,500 rupees
total land. Many informal work spaces can be seen in the
(20,000yen) in a month and only 9% earns more than 60,000
town because they discovered their jobs by their own and
rupees. There is no place for low-income people.
understood the context in order to survive. I researched the informal work spaces to see how they have connections with the city.
2 25 5
31 30 26 4
35
29
20
3 39
36
38 17 11
16 13 15 19
10 18
32
37 21 28
12
8
14 33
6
7 27 40 9
1
22 24 34 23
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
11
12
13
14
15
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41
40+1 Informal spaces
Dependent
Independent
Structure
Structure
（依存した構造）
（独立した構造）
Organic
Inorganic Stationary
( 有機物 )
( 無機物 )
Portable
( 移動不可能 )
( 移動可能 )
Need Rent （賃料がかかる）
Being in use
Abandoned
No-Need Rent
（使用されている）
（使用されていない）
（賃料がかからない）
Private
Public
Property
Property
（私物）
（公共物）
Public Property （公共物）
Inside the site
Outside the site
（敷地の内部）
（敷地の外部）
Private Property （私物）
scattered ( 孤立 )
cluster （群）
04 09 13
22 24 25
20
28 26 31 37
Need Rent
Need Rent
（賃料がかかる）
（賃料がかかる）
21 23
No Rent
No Rent
（賃料がかからない）
（賃料がかからない）
19 29 34
17 27
08 11 12
05
16 18 30
07 15 39
06 10
01 02 03
14 32 38 40
33 35
41
36
ムンバイ市内には数え切れないほどのインフォーマルなワーク
There are countless informal workspaces in Mumbai. I
スペースが存在している。その中から４０＋１パターンを抽出
extracted and analyzed the relationship between the
し、既 存 の 街 と の 関 係 性 や そ の 機 能、構 成 に つ い て 分 析 し た。
existing, the program, and the composition. Sometimes I
時には労働者に対して所有関係や売上についてインタビューを
interviewed the workers about ownership and sales.
おこなった。
The following texts, pictures and diagrams are the
以下では写真と空間構成を示すダイヤグラム、文章を使って
discriptions of the workspaces that shows the space
ワークスペースの解説をしている。番号順に空間は①独立型、②
configuration. Spaces become more complex in order of
寄生型、③群型へと複雑化していく。41 は正確にはワークスペー
number, ①Isolation,②parasite, and ③cluster. 41 is
スではなくお祭りの仮設空間だが、とても興味深い事例だった
actually a temporary festival space, but it is added as
ため＋１として付け加えている。
+1 because it was a very interesting case.
01 This shop is one of the most primitive informal spaces in Mumbai. The salesman creates a space by placing a wooden pallet on bricks. The space is very flexible because of its simplicity. Therefore, he can shift the TIS whenever required. Besides, it can be said that this kind of space tend to be made alongside trees making them define the territory of the
Wooden plate
space.
02 You can also find these types of shops in the city. The structure is extremely simple. The worker just puts a parasol and spreads his tools on the street. The parasol roof not only keeps the monsoon rain out, but also helps in creat- ing a personal area under the roof.
Parasol
03 This is a movable type shop space. One Vendor stall
often sees these kinds of shops in other parts of Asia. The advantage is that it can be moved freely because the connection with the ground is separated. However, this could also be a disadvantage because it is difficult to increase profits by using the relation with the context in a way that many informal spaces do.
04 This shop does not need specific tools. One Tree
T shirt
only needs to bring the wares to be sold and hang them on a tree. It is difficult for me to describe this as a shop but, at the same time, it gave me the idea that people who uses trees as their shops have no boundary
to
separate
man-made
and
natural objects; thus, they can use both objects to create their own spaces.
05
Counter Desk
This is a chai tea shop which makes use of abandoned guard rail. The workers create a kitchen space by using a blue sheet attached to the railing below. Indeed, what made me curious was they have a counter on the top. This shows that they considered the height of the railing to be suitable for making a counter. Their creativity gives us another perspective to look at the city.
Blue sheet
Railing
Corrugated sheet
06 This shoes store was made by converting a storage space. The owner works with his
Wooden board
brother and the shop, which was started by their father, has been in existence for 50 years. During the interview, it was found that
Standardized stall
they do not pay rent to either the government nor the adjacent building; therefore, it is approved as an informal place.
Corrugated sheet
07 This shoes store is located near Wellington Fountain, in the heart of South Mumbai.
Bamboo
The specific part is the shop is completely independent from other shops on the big pedestrian walkway. It is remotely related
Standardized stall
with other buildings, and it is only connected to a tree to fix the extended roof. One interesting point is that this shop is formally allowed to run the business because the shop owner pays money to the police. In other words, every person can have their own place on public properties as long as they pay (of course, there are many places where individuals are not allowed to build).
08 This fruit shop facing a road is no longer looking like a temporary space. The fruits are well displayed and contribute in making a beautiful facade. Moreover, the shopkeeper made a simple and decent roof by using only blue sheets and bamboo sticks. The roof can be easily
Roof
removed when monsoon rains end.
09 This shoe repair shop is located along a wide road. It is quite simple, but I found two rules related to territory from this place. Hole for Tree
The first is that the shop is designed to stay within the vegetation area and not encroach on the walkway. The second rule is
Blue sheet
that this place has floor tiles to demarcate its area.
Tile
10 This looks like a simple informal space, but the technique of fixing differs from the one used in other similar spaces. To anchor the
Blue sheet
blue sheet roof to the ground, the shop
Box
keeper plugged screwdrivers into gaps in the pavement. He succeeded in running his own shop in the middle of a business area by using easily obtainable things, such as a blue plastic sheet, screwdriver, and bamboo sticks.
Screwdriver
Scaffold
11 This is an informal space using the temporary
framework
created
during
construction. The worker has been running this shop since before the construction began, stayed there and connected his Parasol
shop to the framework. This explains why this type of shop emerged.
Compound wall
12 This tobacco-selling shop on the sidewalk has only a transparent roof. The shop person shares the structure for the roof with an adjacent shop. He can remove the
Blue sheet
roof when it does not rain. Its presence, which indicates this distinctive space, is barely noticed because it is transparent and flat (it does not protrude onto the road) so its character as informal space emerges strongly.
13 The program of this shop is a chai tea, but Blue sheet
it has a roof that is larger than necessary. As a result, it forms an area where many people can gather and talk. Indeed, the height of the roof attracts our attention even though there is no facade.
14 A small church for Christians and a place of Corrugated sheet
worship for the Hindus exists at the corner of a district. This specific place is elaborat-
Church
ed by replacing the material of the existing wall with other materials and making depressions for racks. Although this is a small place, we can see the flexibility of putting items of two different religions under the same roof. In terms of planning, the program is set in a notch because it is not on the same level as the walkway.
15 Restaurant
A tobacco shop on a restaurant s premises. The shop earns benefits mutually to the strong relation with the restaurant. As I described earlier, restaurants in Mumbai cannot sell tobacco, so this kind of cooperation is mutually beneficial.
Box
16 open daytime
A juice bar and a ower shop facing a big
closed nighttime
road called
Shamaldas Gandhi Marg,
where many old temples are concentrated. These are attached to the arch-shaped facade of a building, whose ground oor is not being used. The shop can be completely packed and aligned with the building s facade when it is closed at night. One should mention that people working here understand how to deal with this space well and take advantage of the arch s form. The arch, no longer serving its original role, is used ingeniously by them as the frame of the shop and to create a boundary.
17 This tobacco shop is attached to a restaurant. The shop is open between 7 am and 12 pm. It is completely merged with the restaurant which lets the shop owner use its electricity supply. In the interview, the owner said that he
Restaurant
pays a monthly rent of INR 18,000 to the restaurant. Otherwise Police controls it strictly. The tobacco shop avoids being regarded as informal through its agreement with the owner of building to accept the tobacco shop as a part of the restaurant. Tobacco shop
18 This cigarette shop is located in the busy business district in Fort area. The extended
Shutter
roof is connected to a road sign, and a ledge used by the building is used to install an air-conditioning unit. This shopkeeper uses a wooden shelf ďŹ xed in the shutter to run his cigarette shop on the street. As everyone knows, a shelf is supposed to be inside, but once it protrudes on the road, it gives an illusion as if the outside has Box
turned into the inside. This might be because of the fact that people use the land available as extensively as they can in a city with a high population density.
Blue sheet
19 Tobacco shop
A tobacco shop using an end of a gate. The shopkeeper sells tobacco between the poles of the gate. He can run this shop in a way that it does not protrude from the property by negotiating with the property s owner;
therefore,
he
can
evade
attention of patrolling policemen.
Blue sheet
Gate
Building
the
Parasol
Extension by Blue sheet
20 The restaurant uses a big tree as its main structure. It has an attractive 360° facade
Tree
by interpreting the big tree as the symbol of the restaurant. This space came from native Indians concept of tree worship. Trees indicate the
Counter
presence of water. It has been regarded as a blessing of nature. The use of this space has a relation with animism.
Seats
21 A famous paan shop uses the compound wall of a building as a counter. One of the reasons why this form can be created is Blue sheet
Blue sheet
Corrugated plate
that the owner lives in the building. He interpreted this wall as the counter of his shop. This integrity has made this shop
Structure
famous among the local people living in
Gate
this area.
Desk
Blue sheet
22 A clothing shop uses the rear of a bus station as its display. It is located at the center
Bus station
of
Colaba
market.
This
shop
encroaches on the bus station s property. It has an extended roof to deďŹ ne its territory and uses the structure of the bus stand as a rack for displaying clothes. I could not verify if there is a commercial arrangement; nevertheless, this is an important example to understand the concept of sharing in Mumbai. Shop
23 A very small shop, next to the gate of a residential building, that sells phones. The space occupied by the shop was originally Apartment
used as a security guard s room adjacent to the gate. This area is close to a main road, so it is possible to convert it into a commer-
Gate
Phone store
cial space. The generosity that allows the function of a space to be changed is essential for updating the city.
24 Restaurant
This is a small tobacco shop in front of a restaurant. A red electrical box is attached to the shop. During the interview, the owner said if
Blue sheet
someone wants to incorporate the things that are owned by the government as a part of his or her shop, the person has to pay
Ankita
money. Accordingly, informal shops turn
Tobacco shop
into formal one. Thus, strictly speaking, this shop is not an informal space. Indeed, tobacco shops have an affinity with restaurants and both can profit from each other s customers.
25 A shop with colorful fruit that are arranged Blue sheet
beautifully. The shocking thing is that an electric wire is being used to hold the roof. Although other members are also used to support the wire, this arrangement is obviously dangerous. Somehow, the police approves of this place.
Electric cable
26 A clothing shop under a highway. Clothes are hung from the underside of the bridge Bridge
or displayed on the ground. This place is used as a market because it protects the shops from the rain or strong sunlight, and makes a characteristic area under the bridge. The merchandise seems to be floating, giving the market an unique
Shop
atmosphere. This proves that any place can be a TIS, as long as it has a roof.
27 This tobacco shop has not been rented out by the owner of the restaurant; however, it shares a wall with the restaurant. The
Restaurant
Chai counter
Tobacco shop
relation of master and servant is articulated in general informal spaces, that is a parasitic state; on the other hand, this case suggests mutual relation. It leads to positive effects for both parties; people using the restaurant also visit the tobacco shop, someone buying paan may also drink chai at the restaurant.
28 This shoe repair shop used well the hollow
Blue sheet
space amid the vegetation. It sticks out having a column at the center to make a square type roof. We can assume that the owner has spatial literacy because he
Shoe repair shop
interprets the space from the rhythm of the vegetation.
29 A
tobacco
shop
that
fits
beautifully
between the columns. Making a new shop
Blue sheet
by interpreting the existing space is a great ability. At the same time, it can be said that these two columns are good devices to Tobacco shop
spontaneously read something differently.
30
Blue sheet
This place used to be a fishing village and now
offers
dwellings
for
low-income
people. They use abandoned ships as their houses and work place after dividing them into
two
stories.
The
ship
is
lifted
somewhat to create a flexible work space
Structure
at the ground floor and the space between Ship
the roof and the ship structure is used as a living space. The job of those living here is making objects out of bamboo. They created an interesting area by elaborating on, and yet preserving well, the character of the place.
31 Houses for low-income people along a
Blue sheet
railway line. They use the compound wall
Brick
as the part of the house wall. The height of the roof can be changed, depending on the environmental conditions. The roof is connected to the ground when it rains, and it is removed when it is sunny to create a work space. The roofs of these houses are held in place by using only bricks as the weight; this means that the dwellers achieve their living spaces without any attachments that connect the roof to the ground. Supporting
32 A temporary roof to protect against the
Blue sheet
monsoon rain. It gives the impression that all
Bamboo structure
the
members
are
arranged
more
precisely than in other TISs. In fact, this space is not an informal space; it was built by the Bombay Stock Exchange for the users of the building. Therefore, this roof appears only during the monsoon season. It is used by not only the users of this building, but also the homeless seeking shelter during rain. Besides, it is said that this space works as a new facade that welcomes people.
33 There are three shops using the same compound wall. However, the tectonics of each of them are different. The first, a snack shop, uses the wall as support for its roof. The second, a barber s shop, has only a mirror and stool. The third, a shoe repair shop, uses a column to increase the depth and acquire the semblance of a spacious shop. Moreover, this arrangement accelerates multipurpose use and mutual profits by putting three shops in the same area. Shoe repair shop
Barber
Snack shop
34 Building
A temporary steel frame is used to restore the upper part of a building. A bamboo scaffold is placed on the steel frame. By chance, the red frame leads to a characteristic intermediate space. Chairs and artificial lawn mats are placed in the arcade. This is the example of ad hoc updates making the city richer.
Scarffold
Steel structure
35 The blue sheet roof is mandatory when it rains hard in the monsoon season but the use of the tiles clearly helps in creating a boundary between the said space and the road. This means that the tiles are working to clarify a border, rather than for any Barber
Snack shop
Chai tea shop
function. The roof, which unites random materials into a single space, is supported by a road sign, trees, and the fence of an adjacent building. This leads to the conclusion that the space depends completely on the context; so, there is no definition of private.
36 Two trucks combine to make a big commercial space. The interesting thing is Blue sheet
that there are three kinds of programs. These two trucks are used for a fruit and vegetable shop, and a tobacco shop is located at the center of the space between the trucks. They have succeeded in making three dierent shops by connecting two programs.
Fruits shop
Tobacco shop
Vege store
37 There are many street food shops arranged Blue sheet
in a row under a big blue sheet roof for the monsoon. One should note that each of the shops have their own parasols, even though a large roof covers the market. This is how they create territory. In other words, the parasols are not present for functional reasons, but exist as an element that provides space.
Parasol
Supporting
38 This is one of the biggest market dealing in Blue sheet
second-hand books in Mumbai. One could argue that the inner space is made by the books and there are uid changes, depending on the sales. Each of the shops is composed of books, so it could be said that this is the ideal space for bookstores.
Books
39 There are 400 clothing stores along a big sports ground. They sell copies of branded clothes at lower prices; so, many local people and even foreigners come to buy them. Each of the unit size are decided by how much they pay to the government. For example, two meters width unit shop pays INR 18,000 per month. Shops with the same attributes come together to make a big area that has a strong character. The market has creases in order to increase its surface and to bring more shops; it works as a rhythm making people walking this Stall
street entertained.
40 Colaba Causeway is the biggest market in Mumbai. They are mainly clothing, accessory, sari, and souvenir shops. A big
Existing shops
passage is created by the union of formal
Shops 200,000 INR / month for rent
and informal shops. The program of a TIS that is put near the existing shop is similar, thereby strengthening the feeling of its category. Regarding
E
r nt
an
the layout, the deliberate strategies are
ce
adopted to ensure that a TIS is not put at the front of the formal shop entrance and empty pockets are made in the middle of the street. The government has accepted
En
tr
an
this market because it is one of the famous
ce
tourist sites; so, it can be said that the Blue sheet
value of informal space is acknowledged in Mumbai.
41
Structure
Blue sheet
Ganesha
In Maharashtra, the Ganesha Festival is held
in
September
over
two
weeks.
Temples and each district make huge Ganeshas to compete with each other financially. The pavilions for Ganesha are constructed
and
decorated
lavishly.
Members of each district donate money for the construction; the money left over is termed Ganesha Account and used either <Locations of Ganesha houses>
to celebrate the festival the following year or used to treat sick people in the district. The interesting thing is that these Ganesha pavilions
represent
visually
the
local
communities. The festival has not only a religious meaning, but also shows the
Ornament
territory of the district within the city.
10 rules when informal work spaces are created
1 2 3 4
インフォーマルなワークスペースができるときの１０のルール
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1. The space shall not precede Existing 2. The structure shall be flexible
空間は既存に先立たない。 移動可能、フレキシブルであること
3. All the materials shall be dealt equally 4. The uses shall be changed according to the circumstances
自然を含むすべてを等価に扱う。 使い方を自由に読み替える。
5. Low-cost materials shall be used
安価な素材の使用
6. Make a cluster
群をつくる
7. The territory shall be visualized 8. Camouflage 9. The volumes shall not be lined up
領域を可視化する カモフラージュする 動線のずれが空間をつくる。
10. Landmark
ランドマーク
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
調査から、形態的なタイポロジーの存在は認められなかったが、いくつかの共通するルールを 発見した。それらを分類し、デザインフェーズへの適応を試みる。
37 38 39 40 41
From the reseach, I found several common rules although the presence of typologies of forms. I classify and apply the rules to the design phaze.
Rooms are renovated to clothing store
Community space made around a tree
serve chai muni y sp
from Livi g pace around a
Fashion
Kitchen can be used both for living and working space
Shoe polishing
Gathering space by blue sheet
Old book market
Shoe repairing
Each shops are partitioned by books
Sali shop
Clothing shop
General store
Street market
1/200 GF Plan1
2
1
1. The informal space shall not
3
2. The structure shall be ďŹ&#x201A;exible
5
4
3. All the materials shall be
4. The uses shall be changed
dealt equally
according to the circumstances
be used
precede the existing
5. Low-cost materials shall
Informal work spaces are created by
Not only strong structures, but also weak
All materials like trees, railings and RC
The front street has a potential to hold a
Cheep materials such as blue sheets and
parasiting the existing building. Shops and
ones such as trees, railings, and books
structures can be a supporting element to
commercial program so some parts of the
bamboos are used to create work spaces.
balconies are using the facade of the mill
could be a structure of informal work
connect blue sheets. However, vegetation
housings are renovated to restaurants and
Even low-income people can make their
factory.
spaces. Space made by parasols and stalls
plays an especially important role to make
shops. Besides, the dwellers can make
own spaces and have their own shops.
can be moved easily so we can arrange
informal work spaces because it can be
extra rooms on their big terrace following
them following the surroundings changes.
easily used.
the variations of the family members.
street
Food market
Shoe store
Community space is set in front of food market
Green grocer
Tobacco shop under staircase
extend living space used blue sheet
Quick stand up meal restaurant
Barber
Flower shop
Restaurant
Juice bar Youth hostel
Delivery
Tobacco shop used the existing facade
Place for prayer
N
0
6
7
6. Make a cluster
1
5
10
9
8
7. The territory shall be visualized
3
8. CamouďŹ&#x201A;age
20(M)
10
9. The volumes shall not be
10. Landmark
lined up A highly characteristic market is created by
Each work space have its territory. A double
Some rooms are renovated to shops by
The landscape of the courtyard provides us
The facade of the mill factory is a landmark
gathering a lot of shops in the courtyard.
skin territoriality is made by the roof
using the existing facade to imitate a fomal
many sizes of spaces by having notches.
of the market. Furthermore, in the market,
Also, each cluster is diďŹ&#x20AC;erentiated by
covering the whole cluster above the roof
shop. Inhabitants can use windows as a
They can be used as a gathering space or a
trees can be a landmark which indicates the
having its own genre of products like
covering the individual shop space.
counter and start a delivery business for
small shop according to their size.
shops place.
second hand book shops, food markets, and fashion streets.
example.
かつて繊維工場の倉庫として近代成長を支えたファサー ドが残っている。 Phase 1 Existing facade
A facade that was once used as a warehouse of textile mills that supported modern growth is remaining.
ファサードをバットレスで補強する。 Phase 2 Strcuture for the reinforcement Then, a reinforcement (buttress) is made to support the facade.
バットレスにしたがって住居ユニットが配置される。 Phase 3 Affordable housings for local people The housing units are arranged according to the structure.
Phase 4 Urban Vegetation
Phase 5 Informalizing by locals
内部の植栽によってゆるやかなバッファをつくる。同時 に う ま れ る 小 さ な く ぼ み は、の ち に イ ン フ ォ ー マ ル な マーケットが生まれるきっかけとなる。
The urban vegetation functions as a gentle buffer. At the same time, it creates hollows with small areas to be used as a market.
使われ方によって住人は改築していく。住居ユニットの 一 部 は レ ス ト ラ ン な ど に 使 わ れ た り、中 庭 に は 小 さ な ショップが集まり大きなマーケットを形成する。 Residents will renovate according to their own program. Parts of the dwelling unit are divided into restaurants, and informal work spaces are created inside the courtyard.
RA
I LW AY
ANOTHER MILL
AME
N IT
Y
SIT
E
CBD
Owner
REA
GA
PPIN
ELO
DEV
MHADA (Maharashtra Housing
33 33%
33 33%
16 66%
and Area Development Authority)
50% 0
1
2(km)
33 33% 33 33%
Section 58
City Amenities
In 1991
Proposal
1 8 世 紀 に 活 躍 し た 繊 維 工 場 の 跡 地 に 低 所 得 者 の た め の 集 合 住 宅 を 設 計 す る 。対 象 の 敷 地 は 、政 府 と の 土 地 の 所 有 関 係 に よ る 対 立 で こ れ ま で 開 発 が 行 わ れ て こ な か っ た。 し か し 周 辺 は デ ィ ベ ロ ッ プ の 中 心 地 と な っ て お り 、急 速 に 街 が 変 わ っ て い る。 そ こ で 条 例 を 緩 和 し 、工 場 の 残 さ れ た フ ァ サ ー ド を 近 代 の 遺 構 と し て 保 存 し な が ら 住 宅 と し て 再 利 用 し、内 部 に は 調 査 に 基 づ い た イ ン フ ォ ー マ ル マ ー ケ ッ ト を 取 り入れる。 In this project, I will design housings for a low-income population in the remains of a textile factory that was used until the 18th century. This site has not been developed due to property problems with the government. But since the neighborhood is Mumbai
s main
developing area, a lot of changes are to come here. By modifying a law of ownership, I will reuse the mill s facade saved as a modern remains into housings, and use this inside space as an informal mar ket b as ed o n my r es ear ches .
1/100 model
1/600 2F Plan
Housing is extended for son s family
A part of the unit is used as restaurant The dwe ler rent a extended room on the terrace Renovated into cafe
1/600 1F Plan
N
Youth hostel
0 1
3
5
10
20(M)
View from 1st ďŹ&#x201A;oor
The market at the front side
Extra room is made on the terrace by dwellers
1/300 Long Section
Books are sold from living room s window
Sali shop
1/300 Long Elevation
Old book market
Clothing shop
Same kind of shops are gathered to make a characteristic area
General store
Food market
Restaurant
Parasol shop is covered by blue sheet roof
Youth hostel
Tobacco shop
0
1
3
5
10
20(M)
Food market and gathering space
Model
The residential area is mixed with work spaces
Extra room is made on the terrace by dwellers
1/100 Short Section
1/100 Short Elevation 0
1
3
5
10
20(M)
Cafe at the 1st ďŹ&#x201A;oor
Sub elements City -Archipelago of ďŹ ve small architecture adopting Adohocism-
モダニズムからアドホシズムまで
そこで、「アドホシズム」が新しい建築ムーブメントと設定し、モダニ ズムからポストモダニズムへ、そしてアドホシズムへと批判的に継承さ
ウィトルウィウスはおよそ紀元前８０年に生まれ、現存する最古の建 築 理 論 書 を 残 し た。そ の 理 論 の 中 で は 建 築 の 要 素 は「用」、「強」、「美」
れていくように歴史のベクトル上に乗せることがこのスタジオのテーマ である。
に 分 け ら れ、建 築 は そ れ ら か ら 構 成 さ れ る と み な さ れ て い る。そ の 後、 ２０世紀に入ると、コルビュジエを中心としてモダニズムが到来する。 それは機能主義と呼ばれ、その理念はルイス・サリヴァンの「形態は機
A d hoc is m
能に従う」という言葉に集約されている 。 それから数十年後、ロバート・ヴェンチューリによってポスト・モダニ ズムが提唱された。この動きは長らく建築のムーブメントを席巻してい
¿Harmony or Disharmony?
たモダニズムに対抗するカウンターパートとされ、ミース・ファン・デル・ ローエによる
Less is More
を批判し
Less is Bore
と 主 張 す る。
モダニズム建築の彫刻的で工場のような形態から、建築の表象としての
Supporting
Utility Su r r o u n d ing Str e n g th
役割を分けて考えることは不可能だと考え、建築の外皮であるファサー ドを「用」と「強」から分離して思考することにより建築の記号的側面 にスポットライトを当てた。ポストモダニズムが持つ
キッチュ
Fig. 2 Dia gr a m of Ad ho cis m
なデ
ザインは複製技術時代の到来において大衆との相性がよく、資本主義社 会を代表する顔となり、日本のバブル時には俗悪とも言えるポストモダ ニズム風建築があちこちで姿をあらわしたが、バブル崩壊とともにその ようなデザインは急激に下火となってしまった。
アドホシズムの定義 では、アドホシズムとはどう定義されるだろうか？
まもなく 2020 年に突入しようとしている現在、過去にあったような
図で使われている 環境 は、 「 用」 「強」 「美」とは異なる要件を指している。
建築ムーブメントはおこりえるのだろうか。もちろんそれらは後世の人
これから建築する対象を主体と呼ぶならば、環境とは客体、つまり主体
間によって後付けされた呼び名であり、誰かに主導されて発生するもの
をとりまく自然、人、または建築を意味する。アドホシズムによる建築
ではないのは承知の通りだが、現状をいまいちど客観視して名前をつけ
は恣意性を内在的な物に求めず、環境を発露として主体は歪められ、溶
ることが新しい建築の具体的な方法論に展開する契機となるかもしれな
け出し、主体と客体という明確な領域を失っていく。
い。
メイン−サブの反転
Vitruvius
人々の行動を誘発することはできるだろうか？ 計画された無計画、つまり自発的な行動を生み出すことはできるだろ うか？
Utility : Strength : Beauty
下記のダイヤグラム 3 ではモダニズムは屋根、壁、柱のような主要な 要素を抽象化することで建築を成り立たせていることがわかる。ダイヤ グラム 4 では雨
やサッシ、手すりなどのいわゆるサブ的な役割を持っ
たエレメントがモダニズムでは隠されようとしている意図が確認でき、 それらは決して主要なメンバーとしては扱われない。3 の図からモダニ
M od e rn is m
ズム建築は鳥瞰図、平面図的に建築を考察していったと推測されるが、 一方サブのエレメントは一般的にヒューマンスケールを獲得し「タッチャ ブル」であると言える。それがメインエレメントとサブエレメントの決
Supporting
定的な違いである。我々建築家は
Utility S t r e ng t h
=
B e au ty
い手のための建築
建築家のための建築
をつくるべきではないだろうか。
それらの考察から、サブエレメントがメインエレメントへと変換され る建築について実験的に設計を試みる。
P o s t - M o d e r n is m
S uppor t i ng
U t ilit y S t rengt h
+
ではなく、 使
D ec orat io n
F i g.1 D i a gra m s of e a c h ge ne ra ti o n s m ov eme n t
From Modernism to Adhocism
Definition of Adhocism
Vitruvius was born around 80 BC and left us the oldest existing
How can Adhocism be defined?
architectural theory book. In that theory, the elements of
"Surrounding" dissociates from
architecture were divided into Strength, Utility, and Beauty, and
Beauty
composed all architecture.
,
Strength
, and
. If I call the target that will be architecturaed from
now on as
After that, in the 20th century, Modernism architecture
Utility
subject
, Surrounding is
object
around the
subject, like nature, people or buildings. Adhocism architecture
emerged mainly with Le Corbusier. It is called Functionalism.
doesn
The motto of the style, following Lewis Sullivan s words, is
subject is warped and melts in the surroundings, losing the
Form follows Function
.
t need arbitrariness from inside the building. The
boundary between the subject and the object.
Decades later, Post-Modernism was proposed with Robert Venturi as its leader. Venturi criticized Mies' "less is more" as "less is bore". The concept focused on the fact that modernism is a sculptural and factory-like architecture so they tried to think apart the symbolic role of architecture from utility and strength. The post modernism's
kitsch
design worked well
Reversing Main and Sub How can we induce people's actions? How can we create spontaneous actions, in other words, planning the unplanned?
with the public due to the arrival of reproduction techniques
Fig.3 below shows the idea that contemporary architectural
generation. Therefore it represented the economic society and
composition abstracts major elements such as roof, wall,
many horrible post modernism architecture appeared during the
column, window,etc and assembles them. Fig.4 indicates that
Japanese economic bubble.
sub structures such as gutter, sash, stair, furniture, handrail
However, such design has
seem to be hidden because they are not recognized as major
disappeared because of the bubble burst.
components. Fig.3 is only considering the bird's eyes view. On Today, with the year 2020 just around the corner, could a new architectural movement happen like it used to in the past? Of course those were named by future generations and are not orchestrated by someone, but it could be a trigger of a new
the other hand, sub elements are human-scale components and touchable
. That is the biggest difference between main and
sub elements of architecture. We, as architects should not build Architecture for Architects
, but Architecture for Users
.
architectural methodology to name the present situation with
From these considerations, I tried to experimentally propose an
an objective view. In that way, this studio s theme is to set
architecture which sub elements can be converted to main
Adhocism as the new architectural movement and put it on a
elements.
historical logic where modernism is followed by its critical movement, post-modernism, itself followed by Adhocism.
M A I N E L E MENT S
SUB EL E M E N T S
ROOF
BRAC E
FLOO R
S T AIR
WALL
GU T TER
COLU M N
FU RNI TU R E
WIND O W
HAND R A I L
…
…
Bird s eye T h i n k i n g
P eop l e s e y e Thinking
¦
¦
Archi t ect
User
F i g.3 M a i n e l e m e nt s of Vil l a Sa voye
Fig. 4 Su b e lements o f Villa Sav o y e
5
4 2
1
1944 1954
1965 1968
3
1975 1978
1983 1987
There was an elongated urban
The area was divided finely
grid due to agriculture.
for the housing development.
1992 1995
1998 2005
2017
The aqueduct was placed on the backside of buildings as a result of excessive housing development.
設計する歩道は２つの小学校をつないでいる。そのためこの
The intervention takes place as a walk way
通 路 は 基 本 的 に は 通 学 路 と し て 機 能 す る。さ ら に 、200m ご
connecting two primary schools. For that reason,
とに建てられる５つの建築が通学路を一体にする役割を果た
this road is basically functioning as a school route.
し 、既 存 の 周 辺 状 況 を 読 み 取 り な が ら 建 築 す る 。そ れ ぞ れ の
Five architectural elements, designed to
建 築 は 個 々 で 機 能 す る が、 地 域 の 交 流 を 図 る ル ー ト と し て 街 の 再 構築を目指す。
correspond to the surroundings, will take place every 200m and homogenize the walk way. Each programs work on its own, but their common aim is to re-build the area by transforming the route into a c om m u n i ty s p a c e .
2
1
5
3
4
対象１：
大通りと歩道をつなぐガススタンド
Site1: Gas stand connecting walkway and roadway
対象２：
街なか図書館と銭湯
Site2: Sento with book space
対象３：
地域にひらくコンビニエンスストア
Site3: Convenience store opened to the neighborhood
対象４：
ランドマーク給水塔
Site4: Water landmark tower
対象５：
駅と歩道をつなぐ雨どい屋根
Site5: Gutter roof
Site1:
Gas stand connecting walkway and roadway
歩行者のためのコミュニティスペースをガソリンスタンドに計画する。既存のガソリンス タンド特有の大きな屋根が小さく連続した屋根へと変化する。高齢化による車離れによっ て動線は大通りから水路側に新しく設計された歩道へと誘導していく。
A gathering space for the walkway is installed on the gas station. The existing gas station's large roof transforms into multiple continuous roofs of human scale. The circulation flows sequentially from the car side to the aqueduct side and has the intention of gradually shifting from the car-oriented urban structure to a walking one, taking advantage of the aging problem.
Comparing to the symbolic roof of the gas station, people are invited to the aqueduct s i d e w i th ma ny s ma l l roof s .
Columns harmonize with many bamboo. Braces, which are considered as a secondary member compose the interior space. Braces are also used as chair and g a i n s hu m an sc al e.
1. Gas s ta n d 2. Lobby 3. R es t s p a c e
1.
2.
3.
S ec t ion
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
1. Gas s tand 2. Lobby 3. R ec epti on 4. Offi c e 5. Stor age 6. C our ty ar d 7. R eadi ng s pac e 8. Pond
8.
5. 3.
. 2. 1.
7. 6.
Plan
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
Site2:
Sento with book space
水路をはさんで銭湯を計画する。銭湯は交流の場として利用され、外壁として設計された 本棚も同時に周囲にアクティビティを生む。本棚という家具スケールが大屋根を支える形 式は主従の関係を反転させ、人々のふるまい方を喚起させる。
A public bath crossing the aqueduct is built. The public bath itself becomes an interchange space, but the book shelf of the outer wall also creates activity around. The composition that the bookshelf, a furniture, supports a large roof changes the power relationship and affects people's behavior.
A big roof creates a big shadow around the building. The building is used as a ga t h e r i n g s p a c e .
Lattice-shaped furniture supports big roof of S e n t o .
1. R ec ep t i o n 2. Bath ro o m1 3. R es t s p a c e 4. Bath ro o m2
3. 4.
S ec t ion
2.
0 0.5 1
2
1.
5
10
20 (m)
1 Reception 2. Changing room1 3. Bath room1 4. Rest room 5. Changing room2 6. Bath room2 6.
5. 4
3.
2.
1.
Site3:
Convenience store opened to the neighborhood
コンビニで購入した商品を持ち込むことができるカフェ兼休憩所を設計する。表通りと強 い関係性を持ったコンビニエンスストアを裏側の用水路側と接続させる。一般的に副次的 なエレメントとされる階段の手すりとガードレールは段階的に主構造へと変化し、建築は ヒューマンスケールを獲得する。
This is the design of a cafe and a resting place where you can bring in things you bought at the convenience store. It is aimed to connect convenience stores which links strongly with the main road to the aqueduct sidewalk. The stair handrails and guardrails gradually change their scales and become the main structure to let the architecture acquire a human-scale.
The scale of the handrail is changed into the st r u c t u r e o f t h e b u i l d i n g . Ca fe People can bring some foods bought in the convenience sto re .
1. R e s t s p a c e 2. C a f e
1.
2.
Ele vat ion
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
1. C afe 2. R es t s pac e 3. C onv eni enc e s to re
2.
1.
3
Plan
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
Site4:
Water landmark tower
災害時のための給水塔を計画する。街のランドマークとすることでその存在を住人が認識 できるようにする。本来コア＝メイン、動線＝サブである関係を素材の強さを反転させる ことで階段を「昇る」というアクションを想起させる。
A water tower for disasters in connection with the aqueduct is my proposal. It becomes the landmark of the city, making people in the city aware of its existence. People focus on the action of climbing by exchanging the power relationship of the main program and the circulation thanks to a reversal of the materials done on the staircase and the core part.
Wa ter ta nk A b io t o p e f l o ws c o o l wi n d t o t h e a p a r t m e n t .
S tair
B ook s helf
1.W ater t o w e r 2. Bi otop e 1.
2.
Se c t io n
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
1.
2.
1.Water tower 2 . Bio t o p e
Plan
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
Site5:
Gutter roof
用水路と駅をつなぐ屋根をデザインする。これまで駐輪場として機能していた場所に新た なプログラムを挿入し、歩道部分の屋根は雨どいの役割を果たす。カフェ等のハコは拡大 された雨どい屋根と接続し、サブエレメントをコアとして逆転したツリーストラクチャー を構成する。
This is the design of a roof connecting the station and the walkway. It works as a gutter, and the connected program is tilted towards this roof. Its structure is a tree structure making the gutter, traditionally a sub element, the core of this place.
Br a c e
Wall
Gu tter w i th roo f
1.Gut t e r ro o f 2.Ki tc h e n 3. F i rm r es tau ra n t
3.
2. 1.
Se c t io n
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
1.Gutter r oof 2. Ki tc hen 3. F i r m r es taur ant 4. Par k i ng 1.
2.
3.
3. .
3.
Plan
0 0.5 1
2
5
10
20 (m)
Une nouvelle ĂŠcole -Rebuilding project of an university in Paris-
洞窟か小屋か
梁があてがわれていて、更に装飾まで施してある。掘削して建築する場 合には明らかに不要な行為であるが、特筆すべきは洞窟から小屋へと歴
建築の始まりについて考えてみる。
史的な順序を追わず、小屋的な空間を洞窟で表現するという逆走状態が
かつて人類は洞窟を住み処や狩りの一時的なキャンプ地として使ってい
起こっていることだ。柱や梁などの構造部材は領域を示す役割に新しく
た。自然がつくりあげた洞窟というかたちを家と見立てることで天候か
付加された象徴的な意味を帯びている。それは建築に秩序を与えること、
ら身を守り、かつ動物などの外敵との接触を避けることができた。
つまりオーダーである。人々が建築を通して自然、さらには人間をコン
それから時が経って人は建築する技術を身につける。ロージエによる
トロールすることは、海を越えて行われてきた人類共通の到達点なのだ。
「建築試論」に登場する「始源の小屋」はまさに建築の始まりと呼べるだ
ここに、洞窟と小屋の対立関係が浮かび上がる。洞窟は野生的ならば
ろう。扉絵が示すように、小屋は４本の柱、その上に乗る梁と屋根組の
小屋は理性的だ。人類は洞窟を住処とするために自然にあるものを読み
みによって構成されている。「建築試論」でのロージエの主張は、建築美
かえ、自然界のルールを少しだけ上書きする。一方小屋をつくるために
の本質に立ち返るならば、オーダーによる装飾を捨てて、今一度建築の
人類は自然をコントロールしようとし、自然界から独立した人間のため
始まりに戻って考えるべきだというものである。ロージエにとっての建
のルールをつくり、そのルールに従う。２つのどちらかが正しいかでは
築の始源とは洞窟ではなく、小屋なのである。このことについては誰も
なく、異なる質の空間が与える認識の違いを理解することが重要である。
疑うことなく人々に受け入れられてきた。しかし、洞窟なくして建築と いう概念は生まれなかったのではないか。 ここで人類が洞窟と小屋それぞれに対してとったアクションをもう一
h u t
小屋
度整理したい。人類は洞窟を発見した時、実際に家を建築したのではなく、
ca v e
洞窟
洞窟を家 / 建築と解釈した。ここでは洞窟の内と外を分ける境界線を引 ア ポ ロ ン
Apollon
く縄張り行動、すなわち領域を確立することが最も本能的な建築活動に あたる。このとき家 / 建築にたいする明確なイメージは存在していなかっ
ya yoi
弥生
たが、解釈という行為を繰り返すことによって徐々にその外形が形作ら れていく。
r e a son
理性
対して小屋を建築する際には、先に建築する対象が頭に浮かんでいな
デ ィ オ ニ ソ ス
Dionysos jomon
縄文 wild
野生 Fig. 4 Compa r ison be t w e e n Cav e and H ut
ければつくり始めることはできない。目的もなくつくりはじめて、それ が小屋のようになったというプロセスは決して通らない。明確なイメー ジを持ち、かつこれまでの経験の蓄積から領域を高度に組み立てていく ことではじめて小屋ができあがる。小屋は建築の初源ではなく、洞窟に
新しい大学 今回の設計では、洞窟と小屋が止揚された建築を作ることを目的とし
おける領域設定こそが最も根源的な建築活動と言えるだろう。
た。グランドレベルにばらばらに
たれたアーチ状の構造と、上層階に
均質的な柱梁構造を適用している。それらのフレームが長細い敷地に沿っ て並ぶことで下部に洞窟的な空間と上部に小屋的な空間の両方を獲得し た。アーチの接線状に通された斜めの構造は２つの質の異なる空間をつ なぐ役割を果たす。アーチによる大空間もコントロールされた小屋だと 言えるかもしれないが、異なる種類のアーチが重なったり、ずれたりす ることで様々な領域の設定をユーザーが行えるようにしている。斜め梁 は構造がよりヒューマンスケールに近づき使い手の読み替えを喚起する。 大学は学生のための教育施設としての機能を確保しながら自由な発想を 促す建築であるべきである。建築の起源から考察された新しい建築のあ り方を提案する。
Fig . 1 Pr imit ive hu t
F i g.2 Ca ve
小屋のような洞窟 ここで気になる事例を紹介したい。インド・ムンバイ近海のアラビア 海に浮かぶエレファンタ島にある石窟寺院は、6 8 世紀に建築されたと され、岩山を掘ってつくられた寺院である。人力で削ってできた大空間 にも驚かされるが、その空間形式がとても特徴的である。内部には柱と
Fig. 5 Fr a me st r u ct u r e of t he pro ject
Cave or Hut?
We can now see a confrontation between the cave and the hut. The first one is wild and the other one is rational. People
I tried to think about the beginning of architecture.
interpreted things in nature as dwellings, and overwrote nature
Human being used to use caves as a house or a temporary
rules a little. On the other hand, people tried to control nature
campsite for hunting. They interpreted the form of caves
to create a hut, making a human rule distancing from nature,
created in the nature as their houses to protect themselves
and followed it. What is important here is to understand the
from weather problems and avoid contact with enemies.
difference between the perceptions that these two kind of
Then time passed and people obtained the techniques of building. We can call the Laugier
s
Primitive Hut
An Essay on Architecture
space give us, and not to decide which one is correct.
in Marc-Antoine
as the beginning of
architecture. As shown on the frontispiece, the hut is composed of four columns, beams, and roof structures. The point of An Essay on Architecture
is that if we are getting back to the
beauty of architecture, we have to go back to thinking again about its beggining, where there was no ornaments by Order
.
The beginning of architecture to Laugier is not the Cave but the Hut. This statement has been accepted by all without any doubt until today. However, wasn't the cave essential for the creation of a concept like architecture? H e r e I wo u ld li k e t o reorgan ize t h e act ion s t h at the human being has taken respectively to the cave and the hut. When people found a cave, they didn t actually build a house but interpreted the cave as house/architecture. In this case drawing
A new university
F ig .3 Elephanta cav es
a territory line to divide inside and outside, or establishing a
In this project, I aimed to plan an university sublating the cave
field is the most instinctive architectural activity. At that time
and the hut. Arch structures on the ground floor and
there was no clear images of house/architecture, but it
homogenous column/beam frames on the upper floors are
gradually got a form by repeating the act of interpretation.
adopted. This project acquires both cave-like s and hut-like
By opposition, when the hut is built, it cannot be started
space by lining the frames up along the narrow site. Diagonal
without having an idea of the built object to mind previously.
structures have a role of connecting two different space and get
Thre is no way something built without a clear purpose became
human scale to evoke another interpretation from the users.
like a hut at the end. It is only when we have a clear image and
Someone might say a large space made by arch is also hut-like,
highly assembled the territory from the accumulation of past
but many ranges of arches make people set their own
experiences that the hut is built. The hut is not the beginning of
territories. Places like of universities should encourage free
architecture, because creating a border, as it has been done in
ideas while securing a function as an educational facility.
the cave, is the most fundamental architectural activity.
I propose a new building-type considering the beginning of architecture.
A cave like a hut I would like to introduce one example. Cave temples floating on Arabian sea in Mumbai, India were built from the sixth to the eighth century by excavating a rocky mountain. Large space excavated by man power impressed me but furthermore, the form of the space is quite specific, with columns and beams built in the rock. Even if it's useless for an excavated architecture, we can see that they have been decorated. The point here is that the cave represents a hut-like space without going under the historical process that goes from a cave to a hut. The structures such as columns and beams have a symbolic meaning in addition to showing borders. This gives a system to architecture, an "order". We can see here that controlling nature or people through architecture is a common goal for the human being, anywhere around the globe.
Mediateque
Workshop
Special Classroom
Classroom
Student facillity
Administration
Service
1385 sqm
185 sqm
260 sqm
3555 sqm
1000 sqm
1215 sqm
3911 sqm
279 sqm
1786 sqm
6755 sqm
5485 sqm
1213 sqm
530 sqm
3864 sqm
340 sqm
1855 sqm
6828 sqm
5392 sqm
1206 sqm
476 sqm
Current
Ideal
Proposal
1. 大きな街区の中心に置かれた大学は道路に面していないため街と
1. The university is located at the center of a block: for instance it
の接点を持たない。そこで、敷地内部にパサージュを通す。
doesn t have an interface with the city because it doesn t face any road. So a passage is created into the university.
2. 街区の中に設けられた中庭とできるだけ関係性をつくるために設
2. This proposal is devided finely to make a relationship with the
計対象を細かく分割する。するとスクリーン状に外部の環境を取り
courtyards in the same block. By doing so the building can
入れることができると考えた。
embrace the external environment as a screen.
[former]
c afete ria lect ur e r o o m
o p e n s p a ce
e x h ibit io n
a t r ium
lect ur e r o o m
[ p r o p o se d ] a t r iu m 1 library
o p e n s p ac e
at r iu m 2
&
cafe
a t r iu m 3
study space c af e
ENSAPLV と呼ばれる、パリラビレット国立建築大学の 建 て 替 え の 提 案 で あ る。 こ の 建 て 替 え 計 画 は、元 々 は 工 場 を リ ノ ベ ー シ ョ ン し て 使 わ れ て い た 校 舎 の 老 朽 化 を 対 処 す る と 同 時 に、そ の ほ か に 大 学 を フ ラ ンス国内外に大きく広げるためにプロモーションの役割も含まれてい る。 こ の 大 学 は 周 辺 を 建 物 に 囲 わ れ て い る た め、 フ ァ サ ー ド を 持 た な い。視認性の面からも大学の認知は低く、地域との関わり は 殆 ど な い 。 今 回 の 改 築 計 画 に あ た り 、大 学 の ア イ デ ン テ ィ テ ィ を 確 立 す る べ く、 地 域 に 開 か れ る 大 学 を 計 画 す る。そ の た め に 道 路 か ら 内 部 に 引 き 込 む た め の ペ イ ブ メ ン ト を 整 備 し 、周 辺 に グ ラ ン ド フ ロ ア が 開 か れ る こ と を意図した。 ま た 大 学 は 膨 大 な 床 面 積 と プ ロ グ ラ ム を 要 求 し て い る。可 能 な 限 り の 要 求 面 積 を 満 た す た め に、形 態 は 法 律 で 規 定 さ れ て い る マ ッ ク ス ヴォ リュームから考えることにした。 Class room
This is a rebuilding project of National Architectural Class room
Class room
Class room
Class room
University of Paris La Villete that is called
ENSAPLV
.
The role of this project includes not only the counter-plan of the aging of the school that used to be a factory, but also its promotion to enlarge the campus s name not only
Studio
in France but also overseas. This university doesn t have a facade because it is surrounded by buildings. For that reason, the university is not visually recognizable, and there is no connection with the neighborhood. In order to
Auditorium2
establish an identity, the proposal is opened to the Dressing Auditorium1
room
district. A pavement is made for making people go inside from the fr ont str eet. Indeed, the school requires an enormous numbers of floor areas. To get floor areas as big as possible, the project has started from thinking about the maximum volume by the set-bac k r egulation.
①
②
④
③
⑦ ①
⑧
①
⑧
⑧
⑤
⑥
N 0 1 2
5
10
20
40 (m)
1/200 Plan GL±0
⑨
①
library
②
student work space
③
cafe
④
auditorium 2
⑤
auditorium 3
⑥
cafe
⑦
auditorium 1
⑧
dressing room
⑨
storage
1. MAX VOLUME
最大床面積を獲得するするために、 マックスヴォリュームを算出する。
3. STRUCTURE
In order to get the maximum floor area, the maximum volume is calculated.
2. DECIDE THE SHAPE
斜線制限から最大に獲得できる床面 積が決定する。
均質な空間と、大きな交流スペース を満たす構造を与える。
The given structure offers homogeneous spaces and a big area for communication.
4. FACADE
Finally, the maximum floor area is defined from the setback regulation.
光を最大限にとれるよう床はセット バックし、ガラスファサードで構成 される。
To get sunlight as much as possible, floors are setbacked and a glass facade is adopted.
Core
: Class room Core
: Gathering space
学生が集まるための多様で大きな空間と、学習、研究のための均質的な空間
This project needs two opposite type of spaces; diversified and big
の相対する２つの空間が必要であると考えた。そのため、アーチ構造による
spaces for gathering, and homogeneous spaces for study.
大空間とラーメン構造を統合することで矛盾した２種類の質の空間がアウフ
Therefore, I propose to sublate two contradictory spaces by
ヘーベンされた状態を提案する。
integrating an arch structure and a frame structure.
⑯
⑮ ⑮
⑰
⑭
⑭ ⑭
⑭
⑭⑭
⑬ ⑫ ⑦
⑧
⑦
①
① ①
④
②
③
① library
⑪ guard room
② student work space
⑫ computer room
③ auditorium1
⑬ audiovisual room
④ auditorium2
⑭ class room
⑤ auditorium3
⑮ art studio
⑥ cafe
⑯ 2persons office
⑦ student lounge
⑰ research lab
⑧ studio
⑱ toilet
⑨ model making room
⑲ smoking room
1/200 Section
⑩ management room
⑲ ⑭
⑭
⑭
⑭
⑭
⑧
⑨
⑱
⑱
⑱
⑱
⑭
⑱
⑱
⑭
⑱
⑱
⑩
⑭
⑪ ⑥
⑤
0 1 2
5
10
20
40 (m)
②
①
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③ ③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
③
1/200 Plan GL+13000
① computer room ② print room ③ class room 0 1 2
5
10
20
40 (m)
Void in a skyscraper -Prototype of all skyscrapers Renovation Project-
高層建築のこれまで
タワマンの空室率
高層建築の歴史は古代までにさかのぼる。エジプトのギザの大ピラミッ
少子高齢化が加速する日本では、住宅の空室率が増加の一途をたどっ
ドはその大きさそのものに目が行きがちだが、高さは 139 メートルもあ
ており、2040 年には 40% 近くまでのぼると言われている。時間ととも
る。ピラミッドの建設目的は諸説あり、王の墓説や儀礼的な意味を持っ
に商品価値が下がるタワーマンションも例外ではなく、これから先老朽
ていたと推測されている。
化が進んでいけば、高層マンションのストックの問題はより深刻な問題
その後、高層建築と呼べるものが登場するのは 12 世紀のヨーロッパで、 ゴシック様式が隆盛を極めた時代である。ドイツのケルン大聖堂は 1248
になるだろう。そのために、すべてのタワーマンションで応用可能な改 築方法を提示し、今回はそのプロトタイプとして提案する。
年 か ら 着 工 し、600 年 以 上 の 歳 月 を か け て 完 成 し た。そ の 高 さ は 最 大 157 メートルにも及び、ひたすら天にめがけて高く建築していくことが その宗教的意味と重ね合わされ、結果的に建築技術が向上するきっかけ となった。
50
%
40 30 20 10 1978 F i g.1 Gi z a P yr a mid
エレベーターがもたらしたもの 1889 年にフランス・パリで開かれた万国博覧会で目玉となったのは、 エレベーターを搭載したエッフェル塔である。全長は 300 メートルを超 え、これまでの最大建造物であったワシントン記念塔（169m）の記録を 比較にならない大きさでパリの新しいランドマークになった。アメリカ 人発明家エリシャ・オーティスによって作られたエレベーターは、今日 においても高層建築にとって決して欠かす事ができない。 近代からのニューヨークに見られるような摩天楼の乱立は、資本主義 経済と強く結びついた。これまでの歴史のなかで高層建築が持っていた 宗教や権威の象徴としての意味は剥奪され、いつしか純粋に経済合理性 を追求したビルディングタイプへと変化した。
住むための高層建築、タワマン 1970 年代初めから、日本では高層タワーマンションの開発が行われて きた。首都圏ではタワーマンションは人気を博し、現在では 10 万 1450 戸まで普及している。高層からの眺望やその希少性から、タワーマンショ ンに住むことは 1 つのステータスとなった。 しかし、タワーマンションは経済合理性を追求し「商品」として扱わ れている。それでは今後、時間の経過とともにタワーマンションの価値 はなくなり、消費されたら捨てられる空間になってしまうだろう。それ を食い止めるために、街にとって必要不可欠なタワーマンションになる よう、改築を提案する。
2015
2040 year Fig. 4 R a t e of vacant ro o ms
Skyscrapers until now
If it is true, the more time passes, the lower its value is. To stop this situation, I would like to propose a renovation to make it an
The history of skyscrapers goes back to ancient times. Giza
indispensable part of the city.
pyramid in Egypt tend to be seen as just a big building, but its height reaches 139 meters. There are many hypothesis concerning what it was constructed for, like a king s tomb or a ceremony place. After that, another type of skyscrapers appeared in the 12th century when Gothic style was at its peak of prosperity. Cologne Cathedral in Germany in 1248, and it has been ďŹ nished over 600 years later. Its height is 157 meters at the maximum. Building higher towards the sky was overlapped with the religious meaning so it became a trigger to improve architectural techniques in the end.
What did the elevator give us ? Fig. 3 In cr e a sin g t h e n umber o f T o wer mans io n
Vacancy rate of Tower mansions The declining birthrate and the aging society is one of the biggest problems in Japan. The rate of vacancy is also increasing according to the aging problem. In 2040, its percentage will reach nearly 40%. Not only old houses, but also high-rise condominiums will have their vacancy rate increasing. Accordingly, this proposal is a method of renovation applicable to all high-rise apartmants.
F i g.2 T he Ei ďŹ&#x20AC; e l T ow e r
The EiďŹ&#x20AC;el Tower equipped with an elevator was the most remarkable building in the 1889 s international exposition held in Paris. Its whole size was over 300 meters, and the tower became a new landmark of Paris. The elevator, discovered by an American inventor, Elisha Otis, is an essential machine for all skyscrapers. The abundance of high rise buildings like in Manhattan strongly connected with capitalism. Strong meanings like religion or authority that skyscrapers used to have has disappeared, and have changed into a building type pursuing economical rationality.
Skyscraper for living, Tower mansion From the start of the 1970`s, Japan has developed a lot of high-rise condominiums. It has become popular in metropolitan areas, and nowadays there are more than 100,000 buildings of that type in Japan. Living in a tower mansion became a high status on its own because of the view and its rareness. However, tall apartments are treated as just a merchandise
.
1
現在、東京都内には３００棟超の高層マ
Currently there are over 300 high-rise
ンションが建設されている。特に湾岸部
apartments in Tokyo.
では今でも開発がさかんに進められてお
The bay area is especially still
り、タワーマンション 群 が次々とで
developping actively even now.
きている。
2
Site High rise condominiums School
CenturyParkTower SkylightTower EastTowers2 RiverPointTower CityFrontTower RiverCity21 KoshaTower-Hatake11
センチュリーパークタワーを中心とする
High-rise condominiums of
佃島の高層マンション群は 1986 年にタ
Tsukuda-jima appeared as
ワーマンション開発の代表として登場し
representative of large apartments in
た。開発によって「居住」という単一的
1986. The function of this district is
な機能に限定されている。
restricted to be residential by the
町家が広がる昔ながらの景色の中に超高
development planning.
層マンションが共存しており、そのコン
High-rise condominiums are
トラストが異様な風景をつくっている。
coexistent with traditional scenery
この風景は今日の日本では当たり前で、
spreading townhouses. The contrast
ありふれている。
makes an odd landscape, however it s an ordinary and commonplace
Tsukuda Elementary school
today in Japan.
and Junior high school
3
高層建築は、そこに存在していた地形の
Skyscrapers break an existing
文脈を消去してから建築する。そのため、
topography when being built.
もとにあった地域との断絶が起こる。ま
Therefore the building causes a
た、ほとんどのタワーマンションは似通っ
discontinuity with the district.
たファサードをしているため街に似通っ
Besides, high-rise condominiums
た風景をつくる。
make similar landscapes everywhere because most of them have a similar facade.
disconnecting!
4
copy&past!
5
高層建築の内部は、パッケージ化された
Basically high rise buildings have a
間取りをコピー＆ペーストして建てられ
standardized floor plan and it is
ていることが多い。そしてフロアごとの
repeated to reduce its cost. The
移動はエレベーターでおこなわれるため、
dwellers use an elevator so there is
階どおしの関係性は皆無だと言える。
no relationship between all the floors.
ラーメン構造による強固なグリッドシス
A strong grid system created by a
テムにより平面構成が単調化され、場所
rigid-frame structure makes each floor
の差異がなくなる。
plans simplified so there are no difference between every places.
staďŹ&#x20AC; room
consulting room waiting room
1
2
Hospital
5
10
20 :(m)
N
0
X ray room
20
19
18 17 16
15
14
13 10
21.
12
20.
11
18.
19. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13.
9
12. 11.
8
10.
7
9. 8. 7. 6. 6
5. 4. 3. 2.
5
1. 4
roof top bar gallery share oďŹ&#x192;ce massage shop tailor hotel farming cafe bakery barbar ramen shop rock crimbing restaurant library share house day care house nursery cocking shool cafe hospital park
A. Dwelling
B. Office
C. School
D. Hobby
E. Public
F.Shopping
E 1 E 2 E 3 E 4 E 5 E 6
F 3 F 4 F 5 F 6
G. Eating
（時） 24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
A 1
A 2
A 3
A 4
A 5
A 6
B 4
B 6
C 2
C 3
D 2
D 3
D 4
D 5
D 6
1.childhood
2. teenage
3.youth
4. office worker
G 3 G 4 G 5 G 6
5. household
6. elder
敷 地 周 辺 か ら、 年 齢 に よ っ て ど の よ う な ア ク テ ィ ビ テ ィ が 必 要 と さ れ る か、ま た、 そ れ ぞ れ の 職 種 や 人 種 が 重 な り 合 う 部 分 は ど こ か を 調 査 し た 。その結果から、プログラムの配置を決定していく。 In the surrounding area, I researched what activity they need and which part is overlapped through g e n e r a t i o n s . A s a re s u l t , p rogram arran ge ments ar e dec ided.
1. Planning
個
個
個
共
個
公
既存のフロアプランでは壁一枚で仕切られて
新たな「壁」を挿入する。
お り、住 人 同 士 の 共 有 空 間 は 存 在 し な い。
すると住戸と公共空間の間には緩衝空間がで き、住人のシェアスペースになる。
There is no common space because of a
Insert walls .
simple planning.
It creates a buffer space between the rooms like a common space.
2. Se ction 個
個
個
個
共
個
個
個
個
共
個
個
個
個
共
住居空間が
間なく配置されているため、上
公
公
床スラブをずらす。複数階からアプローチし
下、左 右 の 住 居 の 関 係 は ほ と ん ど な い。
やすくなり、人が集まりやすい空間ができる。
There is no relationship between the
Make an intermediate floor. People can
rooms because these are accommodated
have access to it easily and gather.
homogeneously.
街
City
街
Condo
タワーマンション
City
Condo
タワーマンション City
街
タワーマンションの空室率を利用して、
Create a townscape in the high rise
公共を取り込む。
condominium by renovating vacant
街の中のマッスとして捉えられていたタ
spaces and making a city
ワーマンションを使い込んでいくことで
infrastructure for not only people
街の基盤をつくる。マンション内にでき
living in the building, but also opened
た入れ子状の公共は街から解放された「新
to the city.
しい公共」となり、公共と接続した住戸
The city in the void become a new
は多様な住空間を獲得することができる。
public space freed from the city, and each rooms connecting with the public space can acquire various living spaces.
1. existing skeleton structure
2. insert the void
2. acquiring a public space
既存の構造躯体
「公共ヴォイド」の挿入
公共空間の獲得
タワーマンションの持っている
公共のインフラとなる新しいスケルトン
グリッドシステムの持つ強い形式から
強固なスケルトン
の挿入
開放された空間を得る
T he strong sk e le ton of
Ins er t a new s kelet o n as
T he co ndo minium acquir es
a hi gh-rise condominium
an inf r as t r uct ur e.
s o me s p aces f r eed f r o m t he s t r o ng f o r m t hanks t o t he g r id s y s t em.
ph as e2
phase1
phase3
pha s e 4
大規模改修の時期に入る。
それから改修のタイミングで「公
「公共ヴォイド」が街のような様
空室を利用して改築を行ってい
共ヴォイド」どうしを接続させ
相を帯びていく。タワーマンショ
く。価値を維持できるようなマ
ていく。
ンは街から引きはがせない存在
ネジメントプログラムを挿入し
ヴォイド内はより公共性が強く
になり、マンションの住人は多
ていく。
なっていく。
様な住空間を獲得する。
The completion of the
Renovate the building to use
Connect each voids every
The void in the building
construction is when its asset
its vacant spaces. Insert
time the condominium is
becomes like a city. Residents
value is at its highest.
different uses that can
repaired .
of the condominium can get
sustain its value.
The void gets more and more
various living spaces.
タワーマンション竣工 資産価値が最も高い状態。
publicness .
② ②
①
①
①
common space
②
nursery
GL+19200
①
rock climbing
②
sky park
GL+51200
①
② ②
① ②
①
izakaya
②
bar
GL+9600
GL+43200
①
common space
②
library
①
①
①
cafe
GL+3200
①
day care house
GL+22400
託児所のマドからデイケアハウスをのぞく。
Lo o k a t the d a y c a re c e nte r f rom t h e win dow .
空中公園に対して既存住戸から新しいバルコニーが生まれる。
A ne w balcony i s c r eat ed o n t h e exist in g r o o m s to w a rd s th e p a rk .
①
①
GL+108800
working space
①
GL+160000
roof top bar
①
②
①
GL+99200
①
spa
①
gallery
②
housing
GL+144000
① ①
①
hotel
GL+73600
①
sky park
GL+137600
0
5
10
20
ギャラリーの様子をコモンスペースから見下ろす。
Lo o k a t the a c ti v i ty of th e ga l l e ry f ro m th e c o m mon spa ce .
螺旋階段に沿って雑多な街並みがあらわれる。
Mis ce llane ous to w n sc ap es ap p ear al o n g t h e s p i ra l s ta i rc a s e .
階段によってできた地形とその街並み
To p o gra p hy a n d tow ns c a p e a re m a d e b y s ta i rs
空間の読み替えによって生まれるボルダリング場
B o u l der in g p l ac e is c r e a te d b y re i n te rp re ti n g th e s p a c e