Laurel hill archaeology report by 10bristol

Cribbs Causeway Filton Bristol

Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

o a Oxford Archaeology October 2010

Client Name: Nigel Clark Architects Issue No: 1 OA Job No: 4909 NGR: ST 5730 8035

Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

Oxford Archaeology

LIST OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.

BASELINE CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................... 3 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4.

TOPOGRAPHY/GEOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 3 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL FIELDWORK WITHIN THE STUDY AREA................................... 4 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ........................................................................................................... 4 SITE VISIT ................................................................................................................................ 4

ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................... 5 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 4.5.

SCOPE OF STUDY ..................................................................................................................... 1 PLANNING BACKGROUND........................................................................................................ 1 METHOD OF ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................................... 2 SOURCES CONSULTED ............................................................................................................. 2

PREHISTORIC (500,000 BP – 43 BC) ....................................................................................... 5 ROMAN (43 BC – AD 410)...................................................................................................... 5 EARLY MEDIEVAL (AD 410 – 1066)....................................................................................... 6 MEDIEVAL (AD 1066 – C. 1550)............................................................................................. 6 POST-MEDIEVAL (AD 1550+) ................................................................................................. 7

SUMMARY OF FEATURES WITHIN STUDY AREA ........................................................... 8 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4.

SCHEDULED ANCIENT MONUMENTS ....................................................................................... 8 ARCHAEOLOGY........................................................................................................................ 8 LISTED BUILDINGS .................................................................................................................. 9 REGISTERED PARKS AND GARDENS ........................................................................................ 9

ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE SITE ............................................................... 9

IMPACT OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT - 2002.............................................................. 10

ADDENDUM: PPS5 ASSESSMENT 2010 ............................................................................... 11 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5. 8.6. 8.7.

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 11 ADDITIONAL WORK ............................................................................................................... 11 ARCHAEOLOGY...................................................................................................................... 11 HISTORIC BUILDINGS ............................................................................................................ 12 HISTORIC LANDSCAPE ........................................................................................................... 12 IMPACTS OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................ 13 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 13

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Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Appendix 2.

Gazetteer of Archaeology within Study Area Bibliography and Sources

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7.

Site Location Features Map Charlton Tithe Map 1841 6” County Series 1921 6” County Series 1935, with additions (1938) 1:1250. ST 5680-5780 (1970) 6” County Series 1st Edition (1880)

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Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

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Non Technical Summary

Oxford Archaeology (OA) were commissioned in 2002 by Nigel Clark Architects to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment in advance of proposed work on land at Cribbs Causeway, Filton, Bristol (centrepoint ST 5730 8038). In 2010 was asked to update this assessment to reflect any recent discoveries and to meet the requirements of the new planning guidance, Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5), which covers all aspects of the historic environment. The site lies on a fairly flat plateau c. 45 m above Ordnance Datum, within the ancient parish of Henbury (now the parish of Almondsbury). It is located in the county of South Gloucestershire, immediately to the east of the A4018, Cribbs Causeway, and south of the new Cribbs Causeway Centre. The majority of the site of proposed development is open field with a watercourse known as the Henbury Trym running along the souttern edge of proposed development. At the west side is a group of buildings relating to a former Mushroom Farm. The underlying geology of the site is entirely Keupar Marl, which was found at a depth of 0.2 m below the surface in boreholes and trial pits on the nearby Cribbs Causeway centre (BARAS, 1996). This assessment identified a moderate potential for the proposed development site to contain prehistoric and a high potential of uncovering Roman archaeology. There is an uncertain potential for discovering early medieval archaeology and a low potential for discovering archaeology dating to both the later medieval and postmedieval period. The 2010 desk-based assessment has not found any basis for changing the assessment of archaeological potential produced in the 2002 report. The impact of the new bodyshop will be negligible, but creation of car parking in the existing paddock and a new access route may have an adverse impact on any below-ground archaeology, although it is unlikely that any remains are present. The existing Mushroom Farm buildings are modern structures of no historical or archaeological significance and their demolition will be of negligible significance. The proposed development will have a negligible effect on any Listed Buildings or their settings within the Study Area. The proposed development would involve conversion of the existing paddock into car parking, which would reduce the area of surviving open fields. However the effect on the historic landscape slight. It would also entail removal of a poor quality hedgerow immediately to the east of the Mushroom Farm buildings and opening of gaps in two other hedges. All the hedges form part of a pre-1845 field system and as such appear to fall under the Hedgerow regulations 1997. Although the effect of the changes would be slight, consent would be required under the Regulations.

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Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

Oxford Archaeology

ÂŠ Oxford Archaeology Ltd. November 2010 DBA.doc

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Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment

Oxford Archaeology

CRIBBS CAUSEWAY, FILTON, BRISTOL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT FOR THE

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF LAND AT CRIBBS CAUSEWAY, FILTON, BRISTOL

PREFACE

1.1.1.

An archaeological desk-based assessment was prepared in 2002 for a proposed development at Cribbs Causeway, Bristol. In 2010 an amended planning proposal was submitted and Nigel Clark Architects commissioned Oxford Archaeology (OA) to update the original report. The original desk-based assessment forms Sections 2 -8 of this document with the update contained in Section 9.

1.1.2.

While the body of the text of the original report has been retained, new information about cultural heritage features has been added to the Gazetteer, Appendix 1, continuing the original number sequence. Additional documentary sources consulted have been added to list in Appendix 2. The Figures have been updated to show additional features and the boundary of the 2010 area of proposed development.

INTRODUCTION

2.1.

Scope of Study

2.1.1.

Nigel Clark Architects have commissioned Oxford Archaeology (OA), to undertake an archaeological desk-based assessment, to assess the possible archaeological implications associated with the proposed development of land at Cribbs Causeway, Filton, Bristol.

2.1.2.

This desk-based assessment forms the initial stage of archaeological investigation. For the purpose of this report documentary, cartographic and archaeological sources, including results from any archaeological investigations within a 1 km radius study area surrounding the site of proposed development, were examined. This research will allow the determination of the likely nature, extent, preservation and importance of any archaeological remains that may be present within the site of proposed development.

2.1.3.

OA received a preliminary ‘site plan’, which showed the extent of the proposed development (Nigel Clark Architects, 2001). This was used to identify the 1 km study area around the site. However, at this stage OA has not received detailed engineering proposals of the proposed development, indicating such factors as depth and type of foundations (if any), or the results of geotechnical survey. Consequently, it has not been possible to carry out a full examination concerning the impact of ground intrusive activities such as topsoil and subsoil stripping, or movement of plant over the development area upon the cultural heritage resource. Therefore, this report considers the general archaeological potential of a 1 km study area surrounding the proposed development, rather than the specific impacts of the proposed construction programme. This study area is marked upon Figure 1.

2.2.

Planning Background

2.2.1.

The importance of archaeology in the planning process is detailed in the Government's Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG 16) on Archaeology and Planning (DoE 1990). The

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underlying principle of this guidance is that archaeological resources represent a nonrenewable resource and that the conservation of the archaeological resource should be the primary goal of archaeological resource management. 2.2.2.

This report has also taken into account various other relevant national and local legislation and policy, including: • Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979; • Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas Act 1990; • Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment 1994; • Town and Country Planning (Assessment of Effects) Regulations 1988;

2.3.

Method of Assessment

2.3.1.

This assessment has been conducted in line with the Institute of Field Archaeologists (IFA) standards as appropriate. The general approach and methodology has been to consider the cultural heritage resource in two main groups: • historic buildings, and;

2.3.2.

• archaeological sites and monuments These resources may be nationally or locally designated (by registration, listing or scheduling) or may appear in the national or local archaeological record. The approach adopted in this assessment has been to: • describe the survival and extent of cultural heritage features that are potentially affected by the proposals, and to; • provide an indication of their importance.

2.4.

Sources Consulted

2.4.1.

South Gloucestershire Council Sites and Monuments Record (SGCSMR) and the National Monuments Record (NMR) of English Heritage (EH). SGCSMR and the NMR are the primary repositories of information on all known archaeological sites and findspots in the area. The archive is assembled from records of archaeological investigations, early map evidence, aerial photography and local knowledge. OA examined a list of sites and finds within a 1 km study area surrounding the site of proposed development. This assessment identified twenty entries within the study area listed by SGCSMR and the NMR. Each entry has been allocated an OA number, added to the gazetteer of known archaeological sites and finds within the study area (Appendix One), referred to in the text and marked on the features map (Fig. 2).

2.4.2.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments. Consultation of the Scheduled Ancient Monument Schedule, held by English Heritage (dated March 1996), did not identify any Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAM) within the study area. English Heritage was also consulted to ascertain whether there had been any new designations since March 1996. No additional sites have been added to the Schedule since this date.

2.4.3.

Listed Building Record.

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The relevant Listed Building maps and list entries for Listed Buildings, within the 1km study area were examined at English Heritage in London. This identified 4 Listed Buildings, which were added to the gazetteer of listed buildings (Appendix One), referred to in the text and marked on the features map (Fig. 2). 2.4.4.

Registered Historic Parks & Gardens. Examination of English Heritage’s Register of Historic Parks and Gardens (dated September 1996) showed that there were no historic parks and gardens within the 1 km study area. The National Monuments Record, who now hold information on historic parks and gardens, were contacted to establish whether any new designations had been made within the study area since September 1996, which they confirmed there had not been.

2.4.5.

Vertical Aerial Photographs and Oblique Aerial Photography. All vertical and oblique aerial photographs for the study area were examined at the English Heritage Air Photo Library at the National Monument Record Centre, Swindon. The aerial photographs were examined in order to ascertain whether any sites of archaeological potential were present as soil or vegetation marks, or as sites of low relief not readily visible on the ground. Examination of the aerial photographs was also used to look for no longer extant buildings and structures within the study area.

2.4.6.

Published Material. Published sources, as held by the specialist library at the Sackler Library in Oxford, were consulted. The bibliography at the back of this report contains a full list of all sources consulted.

2.4.7.

Archaeological Reports. All relevant documentary sources were examined. They included an archaeological assessment of the parish of Filton as part of the South Gloucestershire Extensive Urban Areas Survey (SGEUAS) and a desktop study undertaken in advance of previous development within the present site limits (BARAS, 1996).

2.4.8.

Cartographic Sources. This assessment involved the examination of all early maps up to the beginning of the 20th century at Gloucestershire County Record Office. Later Ordnance Survey 6” and 1:10,000 scale plans were consulted at the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

BASELINE CONDITIONS

3.1.

Topography/Geology

3.1.1.

The area of proposed development is in the county of South Gloucestershire to the northwest of Bristol, approximately 1 km beyond the city limits (centrepoint ST 5730 8038). It lies immediately to the east of the A4018, Cribbs Causeway, and south of the new Cribbs Causeway Centre. The majority of the site of proposed development is open field. However, there are a number of buildings in the south and in the centre of the proposed development site, including Cribbs Farm.

3.1.2.

The site is situated on a fairly flat plateau c. 45 m above Ordnance Datum. It lies within the modern parish of Almondsbury, although historically the site lay within the parish of

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Henbury. Along the eastern edge of the site of proposed development runs a watercourse known as the Henbury Trym. This is a tributary of the River Avon (see Fig. 2). 3.1.3.

The underlying geology of the proposed site of development is entirely Keupar Marl, with large areas of the surrounding study area being located on Keupar Marl. This was found at a depth of 0.2 m below the surface in boreholes and trial pits on the site at the nearby Cribbs Causeway centre prior to development (BARAS, 1996). The remainder of the study area, mainly in the north and east of the study area is clay, though there are areas of white lias and blue lias (mainly limestone). Figure 1 shows the location of the Site and the 1km study area around it.

3.2.

Previous Archaeological Fieldwork within the Study Area

3.2.1.

The research carried out for this survey showed that there has been a relatively high level of previous archaeological survey and fieldwork within the study area (see Fig. 2), with ten areas undergoing various forms of archaeological investigation (OA 3, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 & 20). This clearly aids in our understanding of the archaeological potential of the study area. Four of these sites (OA 16, 17, 18 & 20) revealed no significant archaeological remains.

3.2.2.

In addition, a desktop study (OA 12) was carried out, within the limits of the present site of proposed development, in advance of the construction of Dick Lovett (BMW) Dealers (BARAS, 1996). The report concluded that this section of the site itself had little archaeological potential. The reasons for this are that the site appears to have been an open field for the majority of its documented history, there were no immediately visible archaeological features on the site and the underlying geology was recorded at a depth of only 0.2 m on the adjacent site of Cribbs Causeway centre. While, the depth of geological deposits within the limits of proposed development is unknown, the known depth of the subsoil close to the site of proposed development does suggest that evidence of archaeological activity is unlikely to survive within this section of the development site. No further archaeological work was carried out (David Evans, pers comm. 30/01/02).

3.3.

Aerial Photographs

3.3.1.

The oblique and vertical aerial photographs covering the study area, held by the English Heritage Air Photo Library at the NMR, Swindon, were examined on the 1st February 2002. This was done to ascertain whether any sites of archaeological potential were present as soil or vegetation marks, or as sites of low relief not readily visible on the ground.

3.3.2.

Examination of the aerial photographs confirmed the identification of a number of previously recorded cropmarks, showing them to be widespread and clearly defined, including the expansion of the village of Charlton (OA 3) and a group of cropmarks defining a medieval settlement (OA 4 & 13). The aerial photographs also showed that the ridge and furrow cultivation associated with these settlements was present between them and the site of proposed development. Examination of the aerial photographs also revealed traces of the Roman Road (OA 8) and remains of an Iron Age settlement (OA 10).

3.4.

Site Visit

3.4.1.

The assessment involved a site visit on the 1st February 2002 to assess the topography of the site. This can show areas of possible ground disturbance, providing archaeological evidence not available in other sources.

3.4.2.

The proposed site of development is mostly comprised of short grass, though a few areas are totally overgrown. There are also modern intrusions in certain areas, for example the south of the site has been totally concreted over and a large modern drain dug into the southern field. A number of very mature hedgerows and extant field boundaries match the field divisions shown on the Charlton Tithe Map of 1841 (Fig. 3).

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1.

Prehistoric (500,000 BP – 43 BC)

4.1.1.

While there are no archaeological sites and findspots dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Age within the study area, there are a number relatively close to the study area, which indicates human activity during this period in the region. These comprise: • the remains of a middle Neolithic (c. 2800 - c.2400 BC) Chambered tomb of the Cotswold-Severn type, c. 4 km to the south-west of proposed development; • an early Bronze Age (c.2000 – 1400 BC) hoard, found in Westbury-on-trym, c. 3 km to the south of proposed development and a late Bronze Age hoard, found in Kings Weston Hill, c. 3 km to the south-east of proposed development; • four Bronze Age round barrows on Kings Weston Hill, c. 3 km to the south-east of proposed development, and; • stone artefacts of the prehistoric period recovered from sites close to the modern parish of Almondsbury.

4.1.2.

Within the 1 km study area there is one archaeological site dating to the prehistoric period. This represents an Iron Age (c.700 BC – 43 AD) settlement of some considerable size, situated c. 800m to the north-west of the area of proposed development (OA 10). The site comprises a sub-rectangular cropmark visible on an aerial photograph, possibly representing an enclosure with internal features. A series of extensive archaeological excavations were carried out on this site revealing a substantial enclosure ditch containing a round house along with elements of the surrounding field system and stock enclosures

4.1.3.

Other archaeological evidence for human activity during the Iron Age, at no great distance from the site, includes two substantial hillforts at King’s Weston and Blaise Castle (c. 2.5 km to the south-west of proposed development (OA, 2001, 7). There is also air photographic evidence suggesting a possible settlement site in the parish of Filton, to the west of the study area. The above evidence, documented in the South Gloucestershire Extensive Urban Areas Survey (SGEUAS, 2001, 5), indicates the presence of a relatively large scale of Iron Age activity to the south and west of proposed development.

4.1.4.

This part of Gloucestershire is rich in Prehistoric monuments and settlement sites (Darvill, 1987) and Aston & Iles (1988, 39) suggest that there is an ‘emphasis on settlement beside and around the Bristol Avon and its tributaries’. This is the type of setting the site of proposed development occupies, lying along the western bank of a tributary of the Avon, known as the Henbury Trym (see Fig. 2). This location would have attracted human activity exploiting a predictable source of both food and water.

4.2.

Roman (43 BC – AD 410)

4.2.1.

During the Roman period, what is now Gloucestershire seems to have been one of the richest parts of the British provinces. As well as the three large towns of Gloucester (Glevum), Cirencester (Corinium) and Bath (Aquae Sulis), which lie within the region, there were a large number of sizeable villas situated relatively close to the site (OAU, 2001), including Avonmouth, King’s Weston, Priest Wood and Tockington. These were a relatively late appearance in the landscape and it has been argued that for ‘the first two centuries of Roman rule [in Gloucestershire], patterns of rural life changed little from the pre-Roman Iron Age’ (Aston & Iles, 1988, 60). Indeed, ‘villas appear late in the Avon landscape, and most appear not to have been built until around 270 AD’ (Aston & Iles, 1988, 60).

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4.2.2.

Within the boundaries of the 1 km study area, surrounding development, are two archaeological sites and one archaeological findspot dated to the Roman period. The archaeological sites are those of Roman roads passing near to the site of proposed development, both recorded by South Gloucestershire Council Sites and Monuments Record. The first road (OA 14) is suggested as lying on the western edge of proposed development, while the second (OA 8) lies c. 250 m to the west of proposed development. The archaeological findspot is that of a number of Romano-British potsherds (OA 1) found in a field c. 600 m to the south-east of proposed development.

4.2.3.

In conjunction with the above a range of finds from surrounding parishes add considerably to our understanding of the area during the Roman period. In the Roman period the port at Sea Mills c. 4.5 km to the south-west, became an important centre on the road between South Wales and the provincial capital at London in the Roman period.

4.2.4.

Excavation has also revealed an extensive Roman settlement within the parish of Bradley Stoke (Trobe-Bateman & Evans, 2001), c. 4.5 km to the west of the proposed site of development. Aston & Iles (1988, 57) suggest that ‘it is reasonable to assume for the whole of the county that the landscape was densely populated with farming communities which for the most part retained their native character throughout the Roman period’.

4.3.

Early Medieval (AD 410 – 1066)

4.3.1.

Gloucestershire remained important in the post-Roman era following the withdrawal of the legions and it seems that this area of Gloucestershire remained British until after the battle of Dyrham in 577. After Dyrham, this part of Gloucestershire along with Worcestershire and parts of Warwickshire belonged to the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Hwicce, a sub-kingdom of Mercia, which bordered the powerful kingdom of Wessex to the east.

4.3.2.

The parish of Henbury, recorded as Henberie in Domesday (Hinde, 1985, 113), is recorded as being within the possession of the Bishops of Worcester from before the Norman Conquest (BARAS, 1996, 4). However, the study area and its environs can demonstrate settlement from at least the 7th century onwards as the name is first recorded as Heanburg in 692 and later as Heanbyrig in 791-6 (Ekwall, 1960, 234). Further evidence, for pre-conquest activity close to the site of proposed development is implied by the visit of Abbot Tilhere, later the abbot of Berkeley, to the adjoining parish of Filton in 770. This has been taken to indicate a manorial complex, with associated chapel (Trobe-Bateman & Evans, 2001). Indeed, there is some suggestion that the present church may have Saxon origins (Harris, 1984) because when the church was being demolished before rebuilding in the 19th century, herring-bone masonry was discovered.

4.3.3.

In addition, the study area contains the site of a probable Saxon (and later) village. The village of Charlton (OA 11), c. 1 km to the east of the site of proposed development, was demolished in 1948 to make way for the extension to Filton airport’s runway. This settlement, to the west of the proposed development site, is believed to have originated in this period as the name Filton has a Saxon origin and it appears to have had a church by 1086 (Trobe-Bateman & Evans, 2001).

4.4.

Medieval (AD 1066 – c. 1550)

4.4.1.

The parish of Henbury remained in possession of the Bishops of Worcester until it was seized by the crown in 1547. Then, at the beginning of the reign of Edward VI the Manor was granted to Sir Ralph Sadler and, over the next two hundred years, the manor was sold many times (BARAS, 1996, 4).

4.4.2.

There are five archaeological sites within the 1 km study area dating to the medieval period. The most important of these are: • the village of Charlton (OA 11) which, lying c. 1 km to the east of the site of proposed development, was demolished in 1948. It is likely to be of Saxon origin, though it is first

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mentioned in 1140. Earthworks, with traces of ridge and furrow are associated with this village (OA 3) and are situated c. 550 m south-east of the site of proposed development. They represent expansion and contraction of the main settlement centre, with the earliest structures dating to the 11th - 14th centuries, before a period of abandonment. Trial excavations on these earthworks revealed evidence of two structures containing pottery, which fall into two distinct groups. These were an exclusively medieval group and a late post-medieval / modern group, separated by a clear chronological gap in the ceramic sequence between the 15th and 17th century; • earthworks, visible as sub-rectangular enclosures on aerial photographs, surrounded by ridge and furrow, on either side of the A4108, c. 400 m to the south of the site of proposed development suggest a medieval settlement (centred at OA 4). An archaeological evaluation on another area of this suspected settlement, c. 325 m to the south of the site of proposed development, was undertaken in 1993 (OA 13). This revealed the presence of a small cobbled yard area of probable 14th or 15th century date. 4.4.3.

In both of the above cases the remains of ridge and furrow cultivation, associated with these medieval settlements, were detected on aerial photographs between the settlements and the site of proposed development. This suggests that the site was probably located within the agricultural open fields associated with the villages during this period.

4.4.4.

Historic maps provide further evidence of the likely medieval settlement pattern of this area. The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1880 (Fig. 7), which is likely to reflect the medieval settlement pattern, show the study area and site of proposed development as an almost exclusively rural landscape, with the site of proposed development lying c. 1 km west of the settlement of Charlton (OA 11) on the Cribbs Causeway road, along with a few other small, dispersed settlements.

4.4.5.

Within the limits of the site of proposed development, the South Gloucestershire Council Sites and Monuments Record records the presence of an undated pond (OA 7), which they describe as a ‘stew pond’. Unfortunately, the entry is rather obscure and no description or date is assigned to it. Adkins & Adkins (1998, 177) list stew ponds as being medieval, explaining that they were fishponds used to keep fish alive for food during the winter. However, no evidence of this feature was recorded during the site visit.

4.5.

Post-Medieval (AD 1550+)

4.5.1.

The first cartographic evidence referring to the site of proposed development is the Charlton Tithe Map of 1841 (Fig. 3). This map demonstrates that the site of proposed development is predominately open fields at this time, with a number of small structures, including Cribbs Farm, most of which stood in an area presently covered by a BMW showroom.

4.5.2.

As mentioned above (section 3.4.4), the 1st edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1880 (Fig. 7) is likely to reflect the settlement of the parish back to the medieval period. This would suggest that in the early post-medieval period the study area continued to be almost exclusively rural, with the site of proposed development being located within the agricultural open fields, associated with the village of Charlton (OA 11), alongside a few other small, dispersed settlements located on the Cribbs Causeway Road.

4.5.3.

The study area began to see fundamental changes in its settlement pattern in the late 19th and early 20th century. This is documented by Trobe-Bateman & Evans in their South Gloucestershire Extensive Urban Survey Archaeological Assessment Report for the parish of Filton (2001, 2), where they write that: ‘while some limited housing development took place during the late 19th century due at least in part to the construction of the railway, the opening of the Severn Tunnel and again the link to Swindon in the early 20th century; the main impetus for development and expansion of the town was the foundation

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of the Bristol and Colonial Aeroplane Company in 1910 which was to begin life in the existing tram depot in 1908’. 4.5.4.

However, cartographic evidence in the form of the OS 6” Map of 1921 (Fig. 4) demonstrates that change in and around the site of proposed development was still minimal, though the railway line running through the parish and Henbury Station (OA 6) are both clearly visible to the south of the site.

4.5.5.

By the time of the OS 6” Map of 1935 (Fig. 5) a number of significant changes are noticeable. This included the construction of a range of structures just south of the proposed site of development, the dualing of the railway line to the south of the site of proposed development and the expansion of Bristol’s urban settlement area south of the railway line. These changes are explained by Trobe-Bateman & Evans (2001, 3), who write: ‘expansion of the [aeroplane] industry was rapid with much of the current works being in place by 1935. With such expansion there was a need for housing and other facilities… and from 1915 to 1935 housing growth was rapid’.

4.5.6.

Development within the parish of Henbury continued at a rapid pace during the middle and late 20th century. However, the 1:2500 OS Map of 1970 (Fig. 6) shows that, while the southern area of proposed development is entirely covered by a group of buildings, the majority of the site of proposed development still remained undeveloped.

4.5.7.

The last ten years have seen further development on and around the site of proposed development (Fig. 2), including the construction of BMW showrooms within the area of proposed development. Figure 1 shows how the urban areas of Bristol spread northwards and are now highly concentrated just to the south of the site, as well as showing the M5 running just to the west of the site and a large regional shopping centre slightly to the north of the site.

4.5.8.

Cartographic evidence has demonstrated how the settlement pattern in and around the study area has changed dramatically from the medieval and early post-medieval settlement pattern as suggested by earlier cartographic evidence. However, within the site of proposed development almost the entire section of land east of Cribbs Farm still remains undeveloped and retains similar field boundaries to those recorded in 1841 (Fig. 3), indicating that the site has been unchanged in at least 160 years and most likely longer.

SUMMARY OF FEATURES WITHIN STUDY AREA

5.1.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments

5.1.1.

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments present within the 1 km study area surrounding the proposed development.

5.2.

Archaeology

5.2.1.

The proposed development area is situated within an area with a relatively high level of recorded archaeological activity. There are twenty archaeological records listed within the study area, representing such things as archaeological sites, findspots, archaeological evaluations and excavations. The most significant of these comprise: • a group of Roman remains, primarily the suspected line of two Roman Roads (OA 14 & 8), on the western edge of the proposed development and c. 250 m west of the site respectively;

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• the remains associated with Charlton village (OA 11), c. 1 km to the east of the site and excavations on associated earthworks, which have revealed the expansion and contraction of the settlement over the medieval and post-medieval period (OA 3), c. 575 m south-east of the site; • earthworks, surrounded by the remains of ridge and furrow, on either side of the A4108 (OA 4 & 13), centred c. 375 m south of the site though lying within c. 120 m of the southern edge of proposed development, which suggest a medieval settlement, and; • archaeological excavations, which have revealed the presence of a substantial Iron Age settlement (OA 10), c. 840 m north-east of the site. 5.3.

Listed Buildings

5.3.1.

There are 4 Listed Buildings within the study area (OA A – D). All are of a post-medieval date, are grade II and comprise: • a three-stage clock tower and boundary wall at Hollywood Tower, c. 890 m to the north of the proposed development site, it is square in plan of Italianate and Early English style, dating to the early/mid 19th century (OA A); • Hollywood Tower and stable, c. 840 m to the north of the proposed development site. It is a house of c. 1820 with later 19th century and 20th century additions and alterations (OA B). It is included, for group value, with OA C; • a wall, entrance gates and piers of c. 1820 at Hollywood Tower (OA C), c. 660 m to the north of the proposed development site. It is included, for group value, with OA B; • Brentry Lodge, c. 1 km to the south of the proposed development site, it is a postmedieval building dating to the early 19th century (OA D).

5.3.2.

They are marked upon Figure 2 and described in the Gazetteer (Appendix A).

5.4.

Registered Parks and Gardens • The study area contains no Registered Park.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE SITE

6.1.1.

The relatively high level of recorded archaeology allows us a better understanding of the potential for discovering various types of archaeological remains on the site of proposed development.

6.1.2.

The general potential for archaeology dating to the prehistoric period is moderate. This is due to its location next to the Henbury Trym, which would have attracted human activity exploiting a predictable source of both food and water. In addition, there is evidence of substantial human activity, during the Iron Age, within the study area (OA 10).

6.1.3.

The evidence for Roman Roads surviving adjacent (OA 14) and close to (OA 8) the boundary of the site of proposed development suggest a high potential for the discovery of Roman remains. There is also evidence of Roman pottery from the study area, c. 600 m to the south-east of proposed development. In addition, this area of Gloucestershire was heavily populated and prosperous during the Roman period (Aston & Iles, 1988), with major settlements at Sea Mills and in the parish of Bradley Stoke (Trobe-Bateman & Evans, 2001), both c. 4.5 km away from the site of proposed development.

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6.1.4.

The potential for early medieval archaeology within the area of proposed development is uncertain. While the site of proposed development lies close to the deserted medieval settlement of Charlton (OA 11), which is believed to have Saxon origins, there is no other evidence from this period within the study area.

6.1.5.

From the archaeological evidence, the most substantially represented period, within, and close to, the limits of the proposed site of development, is the medieval period. This is due to the presence of a range of medieval settlement remains (OA 3, 4, 7, 11 & 13). However, as mentioned earlier (section 3.4.4), the 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1880 (Fig. 7), is likely to reflect the medieval settlement pattern. This suggests that the site was probably located within the agricultural open fields associated with the village of Charlton (OA 3 and 11) and the medieval settlement remains to the south of the site (OA 4 & 13) during this period. For this reason the suggested potential for the discovery of medieval archaeology is low.

6.1.6.

The medieval settlement pattern suggested by the cartographic evidence from 1841 onwards is likely to have continued with little change into the early post-medieval period. This suggests that the site remained in the agricultural open fields associated with the village of Charlton (OA 3 and 11) and the medieval settlement remains to the south of the site (OA 4 & 13). From 1841 onwards the series of maps covering the area allows for any developments within the study area to be examined. The cartographic evidence shows that little change had occurred within the study area by 1935 (Fig. 5), though development was rapid after this date and recent years have seen a range of large-scale developments within the study area (Fig. 1). However, while changes occurred in the study area, cartographic evidence indicates that the majority of the site of proposed development remained undeveloped, retaining similar field boundaries to those recorded in 1841 (Fig. 3), indicating that the site has been unchanged in at least 160 years and most likely longer. For this reason, the potential for discovering post-medieval archaeology is low.

6.1.7.

The known undeveloped nature of the proposed development site from the late 18th century onwards, as indicated by cartographic sources, suggests that any deposits that are present will have remained relatively undisturbed.

IMPACT OF PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT - 2002

7.1.1.

To avoid any confusion the assessment of he impacts of the proposed development and the conclusion from the 2002 report have been removed. These issues are laid out in Section 8, the 2010 Addendum.

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ADDENDUM: PPS5 ASSESSMENT 2010

8.1.

Introduction

8.1.1.

OA was commissioned in October 2010 by Nigel Clark Architects to produce an up-date of the 2002 desk-based assessment in support of a new planning application. The revisions to the report is intended to take into account the results of any new additional archaeological investigations carried out since 2002 and to ensure that the report conforms to the requirements of current planning guidance.

8.1.2.

The proposed development involves demolition of the surviving buildings of the former mushroom farm and construction of a new bodyshop to serve the existing BMW franchise adjacent to the area of proposed development. The existing paddock to the east of the buildings will be laid out for car parking and a new access road constructed along the north side of the site.

8.1.3.

In April 2010 the former Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG 16): Archaeology and Planning and Planning Policy Guidance Note 15 (PPG 15): Planning and the Historic Environment 1994 were replaced by Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5): Planning for the Historic Environment. It covers all aspects of the historic environment within a common set of policies, which recognise that heritage assets are a non-renewable resource and that heritage conservation has wider benefits, while accepting that the level of conservation should be commensurate with the significance of the assets concerned.

8.1.4.

PPS5 requires planning authorities to consider the impact of any proposals on the significance of a historic asset or to its setting. There is a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated historic asserts.

8.2.

Additional work

8.2.1.

South Gloucestershire Council Historic Environment Record (SGCHER), formerly the SMR, and the National Monuments Record (NMR) of English Heritage (EH) are the primary repositories of information on all known archaeological sites and findspots in the area. Details of these for a 1 km radius around the area of proposed development were obtained in October 2010. Where additional information has been added since 2002 the site was allocated an OA number, continuing the 2002 sequence and their locations have been added to Figure 2. A site visit was carried out on 28th October 2010.The primary aim of this visit was to inspect the surviving buildings within the area of proposed development and form an assessment of their age and historic significance. The opportunity was also taken to identify landscape features within or adjacent to the area of proposed development and to assess the landscape character of the area.

8.2.2.

8.3.

Archaeology

8.3.1.

There have been few archaeological investigations carried out within the Study Area since 2002. A watching brief in 2003 prior to the construction of an new Nursery School (OA 22) in Brentry, c 450 m south-east of the area of proposed development, did not reveal any significant archaeological remains. In 2008 an archaeological evaluation was carried out at Hollywood Towers, which lies on the projected line of a Roman road (OA 25), c 600 m north of the area of proposed development. The only finds consisted of residual pottery sherds dating from the Roman period onwards.

8.3.2.

These results do not change the assessment of archaeological potential contained in the 2002 report.

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8.4.

Historic Buildings

8.4.1.

The Study Area contains two sites with Listed Buildings. There are several Listed structures at Hollywood Towers (OA A-C), c 500 m north of the area of proposed development and another at Brentry Lodge (OA D), c 400 m south of the area of proposed development. Hollywood Towers lies on the opposite side of the motorway from it, next to Junction 17, while Brentry Lodge is surrounded by modern residential development. The proposed development will have no impact on these Listed Buildings or their settings.

8.4.2.

The surviving buildings associated with the former Mushroom Farm (OA 24) within the area of proposed development were inspected during the site visit on 28th October 2010. The assessment found that the buildings within the Mushroom Farm are modern, dating from the 20th-Century and are of no significant historic or archaeological interest. No historic elements of the buildings were identified, and it is thought to be unlikely that an internal inspection would reveal older features within the structures, The Mushroom Farm consists of a group of basic, functional buildings some of which have been extended in an ad-hoc manner as necessity required. They are constructed crudely from a mixture of breeze block, brick and corrugated iron sheeting with little consideration given to their architectural merit.

8.4.3.

The building located at the south end of the Mushroom Farm is a largely open sided shed but with some elevations constructed from shuttered concrete, breeze blocks or corrugated iron. It has a flat and shallow curved corrugated iron roof. To its north lies a complex of buildings, consisting of three crude single-storey structures with shallow pitched corrugated iron (probably asbestos) roofs. These are largely constructed from brick with overlying pebbledash. There is a breeze block extension at the west end, which is also pebble-dashed and with a corrugated iron roof. Attached to the east side is a largely open structure with a corrugated iron roof and some corrugated iron also used along the east elevation.

8.4.4.

At the north end of the site there are of two adjoining structures which appear to be slightly later in date than the remaining buildings within the Mushroom Farm. The north section of the building has a pitched corrugated (probably asbestos) roof, whilst the south section has a south-north sloping roof. The block is constructed from a mixture of materials including breeze blocks, brick and corrugated sheeting with pebble dashing in places. There is a small extension to the west which has a flat corrugated plastic roof, its predominantly breeze block elevations painted white.

8.5.

Historic Landscape

8.5.1.

The Avon Historic Landscape Characterisation (Avon CC 1995-8) showed that the area of proposed development lies outside the western edge of the post-medieval settlement at Cribbs Causeway (OA 23), which might have medieval origins. It is likely therefore that the area of proposed development lay within open fields during these periods. The sequence of historic maps consulted supports this, showing no development within the area of proposed development before the later 20th century.

8.5.2.

The area of proposed development lies within Area 15: Patchway and Filton in the South Gloucestershire Landscape Character Assessment (South Gloucestershire Council 2005). The character of Area 15 is described as a mixture of residential and commercial development, crossed by major transport corridors, but with scatters of open space. The area of proposed development typifies this landscape. It is separated from the M5 Motorway to the north-west by commercial development, has residential properties on its west side and there is more housing to the north-east. The area of proposed development lies on the western edge of an area of open farmland between the motorway and Filton airfield.

8.5.3.

The historic character of the area of proposed development is that of an enclosed field system, which predates the 1841 Tithe map. The remains of the hedges separating the fields have survived around its perimeter on the west and south sides. The southern boundary also co-incides with the line of the Henbury Trym stream. The former field hedge between the Mushroom Farm buildings and the existing paddock is very fragmented and that along the

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east side of the paddock has a number of gaps. The other hedges in the open area north of the Henbury Trym to the east of the area of proposed development are fragmented or absent. However, the pattern of fields is still distinguishable. Where the hedges have not been significantly fragmented they are likely to be protected under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997 as part of a pre-1845 field system (Defra 2002). 8.6.

Impacts of Proposed Development

8.6.1.

The proposed development would entail the demolition of the Mushroom Farm buildings and construction of a new building on that site for a vehicle bodyshop. The footprint of the new building will lie mainly within the area of previous construction and there is unlikely to be a significant impact on any below-ground archaeology.

8.6.2.

Conversion of the existing paddock for car parking and construction of the new access route may have an adverse impact on any below-ground archaeological remains. The results of the work at the Cribbs Causeway Centre (BARAS 1996), where the natural geology lay at c 0.2 m below the surface, would suggest that there is unlikely to be any archaeology present, but any such deposits that were present would be destroyed.

8.6.3.

The demolition of the modern buildings would not in itself be a significant impact as they have no historical or architectural merit. The proposed development would have no impact on the historic and Listed Buildings identified within the Study Area or their settings as existing development provides a visual barrier.

8.6.4.

The proposed development would make a minor impact on the historic landscape character of the area, reducing the extent of open fields where the paddock is replaced by car parking, but the effect would be slight.

8.6.5.

There are proposals to remove the remnants of the former field hedge immediately to the east of the Mushroom Farm buildings. Creation of the access route would also require gaps to be created or enlarged in two of the existing hedgerows at their northern ends. The hedge to be removed was graded D by the Landscape Appraisal carried out for the proposed development (Dick Lovett 2010). The impact of the gaps for the access road would be minor. However, consent would need to be obtained under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997.

8.7.

Summary

8.7.1.

The 2010 desk-based assessment has not found any basis for changing the assessment of archaeological potential produced in the 2002 report. The impact of the new bodyshop will be negligible, but creation of car parking in the existing paddock and a new access route may have an adverse impact on any below-ground archaeology, although it is unlikely that any remains are present.

8.7.2.

The existing Mushroom Farm buildings are modern structures of no historical or archaeological significance and their demolition will be of negligible significance. The proposed development will have a negligible effect on any Listed Buildings or their settings within the Study Area.

8.7.3.

The proposed development would involve conversion of the existing paddock into car parking, which would reduce the area of surviving open fields. However the effect on the historic landscape slight. It would also entail removal of a poor quality hedgerow immediately to the east of the Mushroom Farm buildings and opening of gaps in two other hedges. All the hedges form part of a pre-1845 field system and as such appear to fall under the Hedgerow regulations 1997. Although the effect of the changes would be slight consent would be required under the Regulations.

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Appendix One Abbreviations: OA SMR NMR UID NGR DoE LB

= = = = = =

Oxford Archaeology South Gloucestershire Council Sites and Monuments Record National Monuments Record Unique Identifier National Grid Reference Department of the Environment Listed Building

Gazetteer of Known Archaeological Sites and Findspots within Study Area OA No. 1

Description Romano-British potsherds were found in a field adjoining Wyngart. Garden and Zoo at Hollywood Tower Estate. A Zoological reserve and breeding ground on the site of a romantic landscape park. Built in 1814 for Sir John Davis with further landscaping in 1907 for Sir Stanley White. Some of the early 19th century parkland still survives. RAF Air Photos show earthworks at this location, beyond which are traces of ridge & furrow. It is a possible shrunken settlement with the earthworks representing about 6 crofts with building platforms and ridge & furrow. This area represents expansion and contraction of the main area of the deserted village of Charlton (see OA 11). The earthworks were partly excavated in 1986 when a number of structures were found, the earliest were found to date from the 11th to 14th centuries with an 18th century phase following after a long gap. This matched evidence of the pottery that falls into two distinct groups: an exclusively medieval group, and a late postmedieval to modern group. There was a clear chronological gap in the ceramic sequence with no significant material from the 15th to 17th centuries, indicating abandonment of this area. Earthworks, surrounded by ridge & furrow on either side of the A4108 north of the railway bridge. A group of subrectangular enclosures at Cribbs Causeway visible on aerial photographs with a direct relationship to ridge & furrow suggest a medieval settlement. Parts of the earthwork are still visible on either side of the new road, but several depressions and platforms have been obliterated. An archaeological evaluation in 1993 on another area of this settlement was undertaken (OA 13). A good example of a tidy 19th century garden, with formal layout and sunken rose-garden, set near ancient woodland and with picturesque views. Henbury Station. Opened on 9/5/1910, it was closed to the public between 22/3/1915 and 10/7/1922 when it was used as a workman service. It was closed to passengers again on 23/11/1964 before been closed entirely on 5/7/1965.

SMR/ NMR No.

NGR

SMR 1535

ST 58000 80000

SMR 2352

ST 57500 81400

SMR 2983 NMR UID 651800

ST 57900 79900

SMR 2984 NMR UID 198223

ST 57000 79800

SMR 4375

ST 56200 80700

SMR 5050

ST 56760 79750

A stew pond, north of Hollyhill Wood (medieval?).

SMR 5160

ST 57100 81300

The line of a Roman Road, suggested as running parallel (one field away) to the A4018.

SMR 5162

ST 56871 80452

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An archaeological assessment was carried out on a World War II Anti-Aircraft emplacement adjacent to the M5, ahead of proposals to erect an acoustic barrier. A sub-rectangular cropmark visible in pasture on an aerial photograph, possibly an enclosure with internal features. Excavation of the site uncovered part of an Iron Age settlement. An archaeological evaluation followed by a more extensive series of excavations revealed evidence for an extensive Iron Age settlement site. This comprised a substantial enclosure ditch containing a single round house along with elements of the surrounding field system and stock enclosures. An additional phase of occupation was represented by a series of pits, postholes and an area of burnt surfacing, still contained within the main enclosure and partially overlying the area of the roundhouse. The village of Charlton. As part of the Brabazon project in 1948 the village was largely obliterated to make way for the extension to Filton airport. Medieval and probably Saxon in origin, it is first mentioned in AD 1140. There are associated earthworks at Elm Farm, which were subject to archaeological excavation (OA 3).

SMR 5943

ST 56800 80900

SMR 8145

ST 58270 80690

SMR 9724 NMR UID 198222

ST 58500 80200

A desk based survey of this site revealed no evidence of archaeological deposits or structures on this proposed development site and no further work was carried out.

SMR 11001 NMR UID 1234834

ST 57170 80420

Machine excavated trenches were opened across part of a possible medieval settlement (OA 4) revealed by aerial photographs. Road improvements in the 1960s had destroyed what might have been considered as the principal settlement areas but an evaluation carried out in 1993 revealed the presence of a small cobbled yard area of probable 14th or 15th century date, together with the major boundaries of the associated field system which are inferred to be of a similar date.

SMR 11015

ST 57070 79811

The probable line of a Roman road.

SMR 11108

ST 57141 80470

SMR 11281

ST 56771 80881

NMR UID 1049268

ST 57048 79245

NMR UID 1118697

ST 57191 79125

NMR UID 1339981

ST 57250 79650

SMR 13890

ST 57291 81110

NMR UID 1343839

ST 57850 79362

SMR 8145 NMR UID 1395348

ST 58966 80212

16 17 18

Proposed construction of a bund resulted in a scheme of archaeological work. A further scheme of mitigation was subsequently produced and the site photographically recorded in 2001. An archaeological evaluation in 1993 revealed the presence of a post-medieval field boundary and remains of an uncertain date. An archaeological watching brief in 1994 archaeological deposits of an uncertain date. An archaeological assessment was carried out in advance of proposed residential development in 2001, revealing deposits of an uncertain date. A small derelict stone built farm outhouse with some charred roof timbers still in place. Probably 19th century in date, it sits on the line of the presumed course of the Roman road (OA 8). An archaeological assessment was carried out in advance of proposed residential development in 2001, revealing deposits of an uncertain date Filton Airfield, originally constructed as an aircraft factory in 1910. Used in WWI and WWII it ceased to be a military base in 1957, but continued as an aircraft factory.

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A watching brief by BARAS in 2003 at Brentry Primary School when a new Nursery School was constructed found no significant archaeological remains. Post-medieval settlement at Cribbs Farm. This may have had medieval origins. Identified by the Avon Historic Landscape Survey.

NMR UID 1395711

ST 5768 7952

SMR 14344

ST 57208 80390 ST 5722 8018

Buildings of former Mushroom Farm.

Archaeological evaluation by Cotswold Archaeology in 2008 on the projected line of a Roman road at Hollywood Towers found no significant archaeological features. Residual pottery from the Roman period onwards were found.

SMR 18665

ST 5745 8161

Gazetteer of Listed Buildings within Study Area OA No A

C D

Description 3-stage clock tower and boundary wall at Hollywood Tower. Early/mid 19th century. Square plan, Italianate and Early English style. Reputedly built as an observatory. Hollywood Tower and stable. A house, now offices c. 1820 with later 19th century and 20th century additions and alterations. Attached stable to north is early 19th century. Included for group value with OA C. A low curved wall in 2 sections each about 7 m long, entrance gates and piers, c. 1820, at Hollywood Tower. Included for group value with OA B. Location of Brentry Lodge. A post-medieval building dating to the early 19th century.

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Grade

Code

DoE LB No 11/34 SMR No 2707

SMR No 8591

DoE LB No 11/33 SMR No 8592

DoE LB No 53/2078

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Appendix Two

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF SOURCES CONSULTED Adkins & Adkins (1998)

The Handbook of British Archaeology

Aston & Iles (1988)

The Archaeology of Avon: A Review from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages

Avon County Council (1995-8)

Avon Historic Landscape Characterisation

BARAS (1996)

An Archaeological Desktop Study of Highdene, Cribbs Causeway, Bristol.

Beresford & Finberg (1973)

English Medieval Boroughs: A Handlist

Cotswold Archaeology (2008)

Land at Hollywood Park, Almondsbury, south Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Defra (2002)

The Hedgerow Regulations 1997: A Guide to the ` Law and Good Practice (Consultation Draft)

DETR (2000a)

Guidance on the Methodology for Multi-Modal Studies: Vol. 1

DETR (2000b)

Guidance on the Methodology for Multi-Modal Studies: Vol. 2

Dick Lovett (2010)

Proposed Bodyshop, Cribbs Causeway, Bristol: Landscape Apraisal

DoE (1947)

List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest

DoE (1990)

Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and Planning

Ekwall (1960)

The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Placenames: fourth edition

English Heritage (1996)

County List of Scheduled Monuments: Gloucestershire

Finberg (1957)

The Genesis of the Gloucestershire Towns. In: Finberg (ed) (1957) Gloucestershire Studies

Hinde (ed) (1985)

The Domesday Book: England’s Heritage, Then and Now

Oxford Archaeology (2001)

Filton Airfield North Field, Bristol: Environmental Impact Assessment

South Gloucestershire Council (2005)

South Gloucestershire Landscape CharacterAssessment

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Trobe-Bateman & Evans (2001)

South Gloucestershire Extensive Urban Survey Archaeological Assessment Report: Filton

OTHER SOURCES South Gloucestershire Sites and Monuments Record National Monuments Record English Heritage Sackler Library, Oxford

CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES British Geological Survey Solid and Drift Edition (1962). Sheet 264 Charlton Tithe Map (1841) Nigel Clark Architects, 2001, Land at Cribbs Causeway, Filton, Bristol, Drawing No. 980-001 Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6” Map (1880) Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 25” Map (1882) Ordnance Survey 6” Map (1921) Ordnance Survey 25” Map. Glouc Sheet LXVII. 16 (1915) Ordnance Survey 6” Map (1935, with 1938 additions) Ordnance Survey 25” Map. Glouc Sheet LXVII. 16 (1935) Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Scale Map: ST58SE (1955, with new roads of 1969) Ordnance Survey 1:1250 Scale Map (1970) Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 Scale Map: ST58SE (1991) Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Scale Map: Landranger 172 (1990) Ordnance Survey Avon, administrative areas diagram (1992)

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Reproduced from the Explorer1:25,000 scale by permission of the Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office ÂŠ Crown Copyright 1974. All rights reserved. Licence No. AL 100005569

Figure 1: Site location

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B 2

25 C 19

9 15

5 8

Try ry

u nb

14 3 13

4 6

18 22

20 16 D

ro o

56 Reproduced from the Explorer 1:25,000 scale by permission of the Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office ÂŠ Crown Copyright 1974. All rights reserved. Licence No. AL 100005569

Archaeological findspot

Archaeological site

Archaeological evaluation

Scale 1:12,500 A

Listed Building

Site of proposed development

Evidence of Roman road found

Roman road: route suggested by SMR

Figure 2: Features map

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29 27 27

36 33 35

Area of development

Not to Scale

34 31

Figure 3: Charlton Tithe Map 1841

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Area of development

Scale 6" to 1 mile

Figure 4: County Series 1921

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Area of development

Scale 6" to 1 mile

Figure 5: County Series 1935, with additions (1938)

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N Area of development

Scale 1:2500

Figure 6: ST 5680 - 5780 (1970)

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Area of development

Scale 6" to 1 mile

Figure 7: County Series 1st Edition (1880)

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OA Grand Ouest

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