Energy&Ecology Magazine

October 201 issue 7

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Francesco Starace “Coal is nished”

contents ENERGY 6 | Energy Financing Group 7 | RPC Radiy – The road to success 10 | Kaltes Electricity offers quality production and customer focused optimal solutions 11 | Interview with Ognyan Zarev, CEO, Filkab Solar Enerji A.Ş.

12 | Five key factors for attracting investments in energy efficiency

ECOLOGY 21 | William Cannon, Environment & Infrastructure Group, Sumitomo Corporation of Americas 22 | Will Singapore's power sector bear the brunt of its carbon tax?

23 | Interview with Jeremy O'Brien of AranzGeo about 3D modeling 25 | 'Clean Coal' Technologies, Carbon Capture and Sequestration

14 | Mytrah Energy eyes 1000MW additional capacity

26 | The end of coal: EU energy companies pledge no new plants from 2020

15 | ABB: Leading the digital way for Asia's power companies

24 | Dirk Forrister, CEO and President of IETA

OIL&GAS

MINING

29 | Meet the man behind Singapore's 800MW LNG plant

39 | Top 10 largest cold mining

30| Forging ties, driving growth; stability through cooperation

47 | Dust Suppression Overview

31 | Promising future for gas in the Middle East 32 | Managing offshore risk in the Middle East 34 | Flue gas analysis – brilliantly easy: testo 350 – the first flue gas analyzer that thinks ahead

48 | Mining with data: How technology is disrupting the sector 41 | Minproekt EAD

37 | Aeroderivative and Heavy Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Parts

4 Kalina Traykova Manager, Bulgaria Energy Institute Jsc, Bulgaria http://www.eninbg.com/ Hedayat Omidvar National Iranian Gas Company phone: + 359 9 8882 9391 e-mail: office@energyandecology.com Francesco Starace CEO of Enel 2

www.energyandecology.com

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

Francesco Starace: ‘Coal is finished’ lost. But I think it is still possible to get there.

It is even probably possible to get there a little earlier. The question is how. And by the way, getting there will be less expensive than thought and we will make more money out of it than was conceivable before.

Which are the areas that are on track and which are those where things could go faster?

Progress was faster and deeper than expected in renewables, which are now competitive. Today, they are clearly the winner of the cost per kilowatt hour battle.

So that went a lot better than people thought.

Francesco Starace is CEO of Enel, the Italian power utility.

Since June, he has also been president of Eurelectric, the trade association representing the electricity industry at European leve.

You took over the presidency of Eurelectric in June, warning that “time is our most aggressive competitor”. Why is this the case?

I think the industry has lost some time in trying to resist what happened in technology, in denying what happened in the environment, so we had to catch up. We now see it clearly, we have a complete understanding of the challenges but we have to make up for the time that we lost.

Another area is electric mobility. Electric cars are going to become common earlier than we all think. They are going to change mobility in big cities and between cities in many ways. And Europe is better placed than any other region of the world because we have a high population density, a relatively mild climate and a well-built network. So the conditions for deployment are good.

And another thing that developed much better is the speed at which digital technology enables interfaces with customers, and digitise our networks. I think the digital transformation of the networks will surprise Europeans.

And areas where progress is not as fast?

I think CCS has not been successful. It doesn’t work, let’s call it what it is – it is simply too expensive, too cumbersome, the technology didn’t fly. To some extent, solar thermal technology didn’t develop the way people hoped. And you can also say that, in general, the debate over the single European market design for energy – that is taking longer than it should.

largely protected from competition.

Yes, it’s something that needs to be addressed. But at the end of the day, technology will find a way around it. There is no market design that can protect an obsolete installation or technology that doesn’t work. it’s not by a market design trick that we can protect an obsolete technology.

What we absolutely need in order to get a renewable transformation of the existing power generation fleet is long-term price signals for investors. It is clear today that in many European countries, merchant renewable generation is possible. But because merchant risk has caused so much damage to industry in the past years, people are sceptical and delay investment.

If we don’t fix that problem and have a longer-term contractual relationship between buyers and sellers, the investments will slowly dry out. And then we will face a situation where all investments have to be made in one day. So I think longterm price signals are the key missing point today across Europe.

It will soon be ten years since Eurelectric made its carbon-neutrality pledge. Since then, technologies have matured, like solar and wind power, which are considerably cheaper. Is it time now to revise this pledge and aim for carbon neutrality at an earlier date?

I think yes. If long-term pricing signals are in place, then you would have the tool. Just look at the list of thermal power installations across Europe. If you take the date of birth of each installation and calculate how many years of residual life they have, you will see that if we substitute those with renewables, we can get to carbon neutrality earlier.

By 2040 for example?

Today you can use electricity for things that weren’t possible ten years ago – for cooking, heating and transportation. So when we decarbonise electricity, we really decarbonise twice because we reach out to other parts of society. The electrification process is a very powerful way of recovering the lost time.

The European electricity sector made a commitment in 2009 to become entirely carbon neutral by 2050. Are you on track to meeting that goal?

We are not on track because of the time 4

It’s actually being discussed right now

by EU legislators. Is the proposal good enough in your view?

Let’s say it’s ok. So let’s try to wrap it up now instead of trying to change it for the better.

But let’s not think that this will be the end of it, we have to make further progress to have a larger, more unified and comprehensive market design across Europe. I think that’s really key. And, by the way, it doesn’t cost money.

It may not cost money but it is highly risky and disruptive for markets which have been

I don’t know but certainly earlier than 2050.

There is always the big question of nuclear. Would such a scenario assume a constant share or a phase-out of nuclear?

I don’t know. Nuclear is a world of its own in many ways. There is a lot of R&D in new generation nuclear plants which pose no threat in terms of proliferation and have different fuel cycles behind them, different sizes – so a completely different animal.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy So I think we will probably see a rebirth of nuclear generation on the one hand. And on the other hand, an extension of the lifetime of nuclear plants in France that will probably project the nuclear fleet longer than originally planned. …until it is eventually abandoned in favour of renewables?

Eventually, nuclear might be substituted with other technologies. But you can say that between now and 2040, the bulk of nuclear installations in Europe will probably still be there. It will be interesting to see what happens in the UK with the Hinkley Point project.

Eurelectric made a commitment in April this year to stop building new coal-fired power plants across Europe as of 2020.

However, Greek and Polish members did not sign that commitment. Do you hope to convince them during your mandate?

To be frank, I think they are already convinced. The Polish energy minister recently said that after the completion of three large coal-fired plants, new investments in coal will be stopped. In Greece, the Prime Minister made a statement recently about the gradual reduction in the production and burning of lignite coal.

I don’t think anyone with some business sense would invest in coal generation anymore. When you’ve scored already, you don’t need to put the ball back in the court.

So why did they not sign?

Greece didn’t sign up probably because they couldn’t find internal consensus. But they will phase out coal anyway, regardless if they sign or not.

Poland is different, they have a deep relationship with coal. And I think they may have just finished building their last coal plant.

And even if the Polish build a last one, so be it. It doesn’t really mean that much. Ask any company around Europe if they are planning to build a new coal plant. They will all say no. New coal is finished.

The issue today is who will build a new gas power plant. That is the hard question now.

And if you ask that question, many companies will say they’re not doing that either. So when are we going to discuss no more gas power plants being built in Europe – that is going to be interesting.

Do you see this discussion – a 5

moratorium on new gas plants – picking up in the industry?

Using these nitty-gritty thresholds is a very European way of discussing big things.

I think the industry is undergoing tremendous change, across the whole value chain.

This transition is not driven by the industry, it is being driven by technology, which is evolving beyond our control.

There was a moment, maybe 20 years ago, when we could direct things. Not anymore today.

So to take a chunk of the value chain and declare it’s not working is either an act of faith or a bet. To break up the value chain today is a huge risk.

You may be trying to simplify your life. But if you have an argument in the company and decide to split to avoid that argument, it’s like giving up.

The industry can choose the two models.

Some companies decided to split and others decided to keep the value chain.

If you keep the value chain, you have to clearly manage the conflict and solve it. And recognise that there is some value in the legacy power plants provided that we are crystal clear: 1. No more new plants, don’t try to grow that business; 2. Run them as long as they are efficient and best in class in terms of emissions, otherwise 3. Shut them down, dismantle, clean up.

This is what we did in Italy. We took a hard look at the plants we had. And out of the 46 we had in Italy, 23 are being closed down.

This is 13,000 MW, or one and-a-half times the capacity of Greece shut down.

So if you do that, then you focus on the useful part of your legacy which is still needed to keep the lights on. It’s a big challenge but it can be done.

And I think Eurelectric as a whole needs to understand that the value chain is big. And we shouldn’t be afraid or ashamed of a part of it, we should be managing it. It is our responsibility.

this proposal which seems at odds with your ambition to speed up the decarbonisation of the electricity sector.

Why do you oppose this proposal?

I’ll tell you, frankly: I think this is not the right discussion. Is anybody planning to build new coal plants? No, except maybe in Poland.

But this proposal is more about gas than coal, according to your own study…

First of all, it is not mine, nor Eurelectric’s.

It’s an independent study made by an independent consultant for Eurelectric.

So let’s talk about what the industry wants to do. We can shut down over the years the existing coal and gas plants that don’t qualify with the EPS 550 rule.

But companies in Europe basing their decision on EPS 550, how can they be sure that this threshold will not be lowered to maybe 350? Is there anybody in Europe that can make a business decision based on this? I don’t think so.

Another area which creates a bit of hype these days is energy storage and batteries, which are often cited as an area with high growth potential. How do you see that developing considering demand-side management, which is being rolled out simultaneously, might make them unnecessary?

Batteries are getting cheaper and performing better year after year. So they will become a pervasive part of electrical systems at all levels. In this room today, there are at least 5 transformers that we use to recharge our mobile phones with.

Batteries will give the system flexibility at all levels.

But there won’t be a battery business case for the electricity industry. If you look at electricity companies today, there is no transformer division.

But batteries will indeed enable a lot of additional value-creating services – demand-side management, and distributed generation for example.

And that will create pockets of value creation for the electricity sector one batteries with the right characteristics are available at the right price. So that is something the industry understands.

In Italy, Enel drew a line in the sand with its legacy assets. In a way, this is what the European Commission is trying to do with its EPS 550 proposal to prohibit state subsidies for power plants emitting more than 550g of CO2 per MW/h. Eurelectric has argued against energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

- Import, export and trade of electricity

Is it possible for Bulgaria to be regional electrical center of the Balkans?

Unfortunately no. We are very much behind the other countries in the region. Our colleagues in Serbia and Macedоnia wonder how this is because we had the best infrastructure, powers and vision for development of the energy. But a lot of things changed. The state companies want to sell at highest possible price, their directors are pressured on many sides.

They have no management contract for four or five years ahead which would give them security to outline some program for the development of the company and to realize it. These things ruin the state companies and this is best shown when we review their latest financial results. Here, we have on government coal plant – TPP “Maritsa-East 2” that was mainly refurbished and modernizes. But the tendency in Europe is to close such powers. The UK recently had historical record – for the first time in 110 they manufactured six hours of electricity without using coal. In Germany the coals are funded because too many people are working in this industry. Each of these countries has its strategy and it follows them. And what do we do – partial measures and we continue to go into circles.

About company Energy Financing Group AD was established in 2004 and it operates on the free electricity market in Bulgaria since its inception in 2005 through its 49% share in the first trading company involved in the market of electric energy.

After the experience accumulated, on December 18, 2006, EFG AD received its own license № Л-219-15 for the trade in electricity in the territory of Bulgaria for a

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period of 20 years, as well as its EIC code 32XEFG-AD - N, which allowed it to conduct import and export of electricity.

Thanks to the experience of the staff and the excellent reputation of the owners of our company in the energy sector in Bulgaria and Europe EFG AD achieved excellent results at the start of its participation in the free market of electric energy both in Bulgaria and on the Balkan Peninsula.

Energy Financing Group AD is certified by Bureau Veritas in accordance with the requirements of management system standards ISO 9001:2008.

This gives a real opportunity to Energy Financing Group AD to consolidate its position on the electricity market as a reliable and preferred partner.

For the last four years of work we have been exporting electricity to Greece, Serbia, Macedonia and Romania.

Our company has worked and continues to work with the largest power plants in Bulgaria – Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Maritza East 2 TPP and Varna TPP. Our clients include Lukoil Neftochim, CEZ Trade, Ideal Standard, Agropolychim, KAI Group and some other commercial companies.

Our company has also built long-term relationships with the National Electricity Company EAD (NEK EAD), both on the domestic and the external market of electric energy. After receiving the license for electricity trading at the end of 2006, EFG AD started its activities and from April 1, 2007 commenced its actual trading of electricity.

As seen from the chart below, thanks to the experience gained on the open market for electricity in the Republic of Bulgaria, the

company is rapidly gaining its portfolio of clients.

Services 1. Following the submission of a notarized power of attorney – registration of customers or full assistance in the preparation of documents for registration of the customer on the free market; 2. Working out of detailed analyses of the company’s customers energy consumption; 3. Consultancy by our leading experts on issues related to the work and the electricity market development in the Republic of Bulgaria, the region and the European Union; 4. Analysis and experts evaluation of the benefits of a possible participation on the free electricity market; 5. Legal and technical consultancy on the legal requirements and changes to the internal energy market; 6. Short-term and long-term forecasting and balancing of electric energy consumption; 7. Consultancy and full cooperation in the carrying out of the procedure for connection to electricity transmission and distribution networks; ENERGY FINANCING GROUP Direct correspondence: Sofia, Bulgaria 10, Vihren Str. Tel.: + 359 2 892 88 08 Fax: + 359 2 892 88 13 E-mail: office@efg.bg web: www.efg.bg

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

: The Road to Success developed RadICS Platform, which includes Analog Input for Neutron Flux Measurement Module (AIFM).

The digital I&C Platform RadICS consists of a set of general-purpose modules that can be configured and used to implement application-specific functions.

The RadICS Platform, including AIFM, is certified as Safety Integrity Level (SIL) 3 and complies with IEC 61508:2010 “Functional Safety of Electrical /Electronic /Programmable Electronic Safety Related Systems”.

Using RadICS Platform gives the following advantages in the process of I&C modernization: · RadICS Platform complies with the best engineering practices, used by leading suppliers of safety I&C platforms for NPPs (many companies, such as Areva, Invensys, and others have SIL3 certificate anduse a multi-channel configuration in their platforms).

Opening of Memorial to Taras Shevchenko in Sofia, Bulgaria. June 30, 2016 In the center: President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko On the left: Chairman of the Council of PC RPC Radiy Ievgenii Bakhmach

Public Company Research and Production Corporation Radiy is a leading Ukrainian designer and supplier of advanced digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems for operational safety of nuclear (NPP) and thermal (TPP) power plants. Radiy is a full production cycle company that includes equipment design, development, manufac ture, qualification and installation.

NPP. Since its installation at Kozloduy NPP RPC Radiy's equipment has demonstrated high reliability level performance and received a positive evaluation of the NPP personnel.

Digital I&C Platform RadICS

RPC Radiy has a long positive history of cooperation with NPPs by installing I&C systems as turn-key projects.

· RadICS platform is designed using the design-process infrastructure to support all life cycle processes, including the procedu res and development tools, verification and validation, configuration management and changes, recruitment and personnel training, project management and electronic workflow, requirements tracing, equipment qualification, as well as customer support.

Since 2007 PC “RPC Radiy” has successfully completed installation of the following I&C systems at Kozloduy NPP: · Engineered Safety Features Actuation System (ESFAS), · Reactor Trip Breakers,

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- Diagnostic coverage ≥ 99%.

· RadICS Platform can significantly reduce the number of electrical communication lines within the system and consequently, the amount of copper wire required for I&C modernization at NPP. Minimizing the number of electrical communication lines is achieved through the extensive use of fiber-optic communications.

Radiy's I&C systems have been parts of the safety related systems in all operating NPP sites in Ukraine and Kozloduy NPP in Bulgaria.

All delivered systems meet the most stringent requirements of international and national standards in the field of I&C for

- Average frequency of dangerous failures of continuous safety function – < 10-7; · RadICS Platform enables to implement inter-channel or inter-system redundancy using voting “2 out of 4”, “2 out of 3” or “1 out of 2” within I&C system in order to increase reliability and fault tolerance.

With a roster of over 900 professionals including more than 200 highly qualified design engineers, Radiy is dedicated to scientific research to support development of new technologies.

· Switchgear and Electrical Distribution Systems for ESFAS.

RadICS Platform complies with the highest requirements of functional safety, providing the following values of reliability and safety parameters:

To implement current requirements to instrumentation and control systems, including control and instrumentation of neutron flux, Radiy has

The same infrastructure is used for the development of RadICS Platform-based I&C.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

: The Road to Success Certification of the RadICS Platform under requirements of IEC 61508:2010 The IEC 61508 standard provides methods for systems certification on the basis of four predefined Safety Integrity Levels, where SIL4 is the most demanding level. The SIL certification process requires that products developed under a Functional Safety Management Plan (FSMP) should be audited in stages by the independent certification agency . The FSMP meets all the requirements of IEC 61508 and guarantees that they are applied throughout the product life cycle.

The SIL certification process outlined in IEC 61508 requires the preparation of a set of documents specific to each phase of the product life cycle. These documents are be subject of an independent auditing and assessment process performed by a Certification Body.

Typical SIL certification process covers the following areas: Product reliability; Process execution; Human factor; Functional safety assessment.

Safety Life Cycle of the RadICS Platform implements specific stages of FPGA design development and verification. Specific technique of fault insertion testing has been performed for both hardware and software parts. One of the most critical features required for successful SIL3 certification is Requirements Tracing process. The main idea behind it is to achieve complete traceability at all project stages in order to implement all initial requirements and restrict functions to the required ones only.

Below are some results of quantitative assessment received in the process of of RadICS Platform SIL3 certification: compliance with 737 requirements of IEC 61508 (items of Safety Case); development of 200 docs of the Documentation Plan ; certification time period: one year (20102011) for preparation and 3 years (20112014) for performance; effort taken: more than 50 man-year.

On completion of the independent Functional Safety Assessment, the certification agency issues the following documents: Functional Safety Assessment Plan, Functional Safety Assessment Report and the certificate of product's compliance.

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The assessments performed by exida, as well as final independent Functional Safety Assessment, confirmed that Radiy's processes comply with SIL3 requirements and the RadICS Platform meets SIL3 requirements.

Certification of the RadICS Platform under U.S. NRC requirements RPC Radiy has always looked for new opportunities for its products and business development. One of the most ambitious business goals is to bring all benefits of RadICS digital I&C platform as a safe and reliable product to the U.S. nuclear market.

The key point of the U.S. licensing strategy is to demonstrate that the generic RadICS Platform and the associated quality and software life cycle processes comply with U.S. nuclear safety requirements.

In 2015, Radiy started working with Global Quality Assurance that was supposed to to assist RadICS LLC to fully align its QMS with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix B, ASME NQA-1-2008, NQA-1a-2009 and 10 CFR 21.

These activities include the following steps: QA Program documents development; Quality procedures development to cover 18 criteria from Appendix B; Learning QA documentation and process of their implementation by arranging training sessions for RadICS personnel; Arranging training to obtain qualified Lead Auditor and Inspector. , etc.

On February 23-26, 2016, Global Quality Assurance successfully performed a Commercial Grade Dedication internal audit at PC RPC Radiy in Kropivnitskiy (former Kirovograd), Ukraine.

The scope of the audit was to verify and confirm that PC RPC Radiy's Quality Management System incorporates all the control required for identified characteristics to meet all manufacturing requirements commensurate with a Commercial Grade Dedication plan in compliance with 10CFR50 Appendix B program.

On July 14, 2015, PC RPC Radiy representatives met with the U.S. NRC in Rockville, the United States, as part of the certification process of the RadICS FPGAbased platform. The purpose of meeting was to present technical information about RadICS Platform, to plan i RadICS Topical Report submittal, and to receive U.S. NRC's feedback on the RadICS platform

features and the overall licensing schedule expectations..

The detailed discussions included the following areas: ·Features of the RadICS digital I&C platform and its development processes; ·RadICS quality management system and licensing program; ·Commercial grade dedication and qualification plans.

In September 2016 RPC Radiy submitted Topical Report to the U.S. NRC and in December 2016 the Report was accepted

by U.S. NRC for the detailed analysis.

PC RPC Radiy's experience in implementation of I&C systems on the basis of RadICS platform Case Study – Embalse refurbishment project In 2014 RPC Radiy successfully completed two modernization projects for Embalse NPP, Argentina, in cooperation with CanadiancompanyCANDU Energy. The first project involved the development of Window Alarm Annunciator (WAA) systems for Main Control Room (MCR) and the Secondary Control Area (SCA) at Embalse NPP. WAAs were designed to use in the Main Control Room (MCR) and Secondary Control Area (SCA) to generate alarms associated with the plant's Shutdown System One (SDS1), Shutdown System Two (SDS2) and Emergency Core Cooling (ECC) system.

Three main components were developed as part of the WAA system, two associated with the MCR. They were housed in the same Logic Card Assembly use two separate Alarm Logic Controllers (ALC) in the same chassis.heThe third one is associated with the SCA. The MCR parts of the equipment are galvanically isolated from each other.

Three main components mentioned above control alarm annunciation process by sending alarm signals to the annunciation panel. As a hardware platform for WAAs equipment, Radiy used modules and chassis of the standard RadICS FPGAbased Safety Platform.

The manufactured equipment was tested according to specific IEEE and IEC standards requirements, and demonstrated stability in different operational conditions.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

: The Road to Success The second modernization project for the Embalse NPP involved developing the Signal Processing Unit (SPU) of the pump motor speed measuring device (see figure below) that was designed to replace the obsolete unit in the trip signal of “pump low speed” trip in Shutdown System No. 2 (SDS2).

The SPU may be viewed as having two main components as follows: A signal acquisition and analog output components, controlled by logic configured in an FPGA chip with self-diagnostics capabilities;

additional three years.

In the scope of the project, Radiy's specialists delivered a training course on the RadICS I&C platform and its operational capabilities to the EdF researchers in Chatou, France.

This project enabled EdF engineers to get familiarized with design of FPGA-based I&C applications for both NPP modernization and new build projects.

I&C for IEA-R1 Research Reactor Control Console and Nuclear Channels

Factory Acceptance Test was successfully performed in May 2016 with the participation of customer's representatives.

The commissioning of the delivered equipment is planned for the 2017.

Conclusion RPC Radiy is one of the worldwide leaders of FPGA-based safety-related turnkey applications and other modernization projects for NPPs, both in terms of the number of installations and variety of systems . RPC Radiy has positive history, extensive knowledge and experienced

A separate power supply and monitoring system implemented via a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) to constantly monitor the FPGA. The monitoring and diagnostics drives the SPU to a safe state in case of detection of critical failures. The SPU designed and manufactured by Radiy was qualified to IEC 61513 Class 1 and it proves to support Category A safety functions.

After Radiy conducted all required qualification testing internally, Factory Acceptance Tests (FATs) of MCR and SCA Window Alarm equipment were carried out and witnessed by Candu Energy on March 11-21, 2014.

The results of the FAT and qualifications tests showed that the equipment is in full compliance with client's specification and applicable standards.

The application of FPGA-based RadICS platform in close cooperation with Candu Energy Inc., Radiy's sufficient experience and strongly developed good practices were the essential constituents for the successful completion of the projects.

Case Study – Project with Électricité de France In October 2014 RPC Radiy signed a contract with Électricité de France (EdF) to provide FPGA-based I&C Testbed based on RadICS Platform. The testbed is supposed to serve research purposes for possible future implementation in NPPs operated by EdF. The six-month development project was followed by the delivery of the testbed and its documentation, engineering tools to design safety applications in general and an EdF-specified control application. The service also includes a training course on start-up and operation of the testbed, it includes a three-year research with an optional extension of the contract for 9

Safety System Control Console for the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor operated by Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN) – San Paulo, Brazil Factory Acceptance Testing – May 2016

Modernization: Case analysis IEA-R1 Open-pool Reactor built by Babcock-Wilcox and commissioned in 1957, 2-5 MW power, is currently operating on 3,5 MW power.

The project of I&C systems modernization of the IEA-R1 Research Reactor in IPEN Institute (San Paolo, Brazil)started in 2015 and was successfully completed in 2016.

The scope included turnkey modernization of Control Console, I&C for Nuclear Measurements, Reactor trip, ESFAS systems, and HMI Panels. Equipment list includes two Signal Processing Cabinets, Computer Cabinet and Operator Consol.

The I&C system in this project was implemented implemented on the basis of RadICS Platform.

The qualification of the system included seismic and environmental testing.The

personnel to design I&C systems for new NPPs and existing NPP modernization projects. Since 2003 RPC Radiy has designed, produced and commissioned over 100 FPGA-based turnkey applications at NPPs. PC RPC Radiy has SIL 3 certified FPGA-based safety Platform RadICS that can be used to implement different types of I&C systems for NPP. Currently RadICS platform is being certified under U.S. NRC requirements.

Contact us: 29, Geroyiv Stalingrada Street, 25009 Kirovograd, Ukraine Reception: +38 (0522) 37-30-20 International Projects Coordination: +38 (0522) 37-33-28 Technical support: +38 (0522) 37-32-44 Fax: +38 (0522) 37-33-28 http://radiy.com

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

Kaltes Electricity offers quality production and customer focused optimal solutions our products by Agaoglu, Tahincioğlu, Sinpaş, Kiptaş, as well as the in the projects of world-famous companies such as EMAAR is proof of our quality. The biggest factor behind this success is the special solutions we offer our business partners. As you know, each project has its own unique differences. As long as you can offer a specific solution for your projects, you are one step ahead.

As a company we see you in many exhibitions abroad? In which countries do you mainly export as Kaltes?

Marketing Manager Mr. Onur OZBAS who made above explanations about company and sector.

First of all, can we talk briefly about Kaltes Elektrik?

Kaltes Elektrik was founded by business partners with more than 30 years of experience in order to meet the need for quality production and to provide customer focused optimum solutions.

Kaltes electricity, which takes its power from 5.500m 2 indoor area with its latest technology production tools, its environmentally friendly electrostatic powder coating plant and its expert staff, is able to produce a wide range of products from wall type panels developed in line with the needs of industry in this sector.

Your company produces panel and cabinet Can you give information about your production and products?

As Kaltes electricity we have a modern facility that produces at world standards. In addition to 2 serial production lines, our plant has 2 punches, 5 bending press machines, 1 automatic gasket machine, 1 automatic welding robot, and numerous gas welding machines in our production facility which manufactures under ISO9001 / 14001 and 18001 environment and quality standards. Also we have a powder coating facility using surface cleaning system which is only 3 pieces in Turkey and 450 pieces in the world.

Kaltes attaches great importance to the planning of production in order to be able to pass on demands in a professional manner.

By making advance planning from the order stage to the shipment stage, technical 10

drawings and graphic works are professionally made thanks to expert staff.

After every stage of production is calculated here, it starts with production system and is transferred to the specified date. It is our first principle that the order received as Kaltes be manufactured in perfect condition. From the smallest product to the most comprehensive projects, the production of our products is perfected by our expert technicians thanks to the state-of-the-art machinery.

Regarding the products, we produce cabinets and rack cabinets under SETLAK and SETRAK brands. We offer solutions to our partners in a wide range of products from the standard production wall panels up to the Ip55 protection class in Ip65 protection class type panels. Standing type panels are completely modular. In addition, thanks to its easy installation, it provides the flexibility and convenience to its customers and keeps customer satisfaction at the highest level. TSE approved low-current segmented domestic panels have a high demand in domestic projects.

I think we will see a great deal of interest with the pan assembly busbar system, which has a lot of attention in the Middle East and Africa market, where we are going to launch the new market, and can connect the switch without the need of cable. The ABB and LGLS brands and the type tests we got for SETLAK brand panels provided us with significant benefits under the Projects. We have signed many reference projects on main distribution, compensation, counter, transfer and synchronization panels. In many government agencies and private sector projects, our products are used in many projects with the advantage brought by our brand approval. We also work with the leading domestic and foreign companies in the construction sector. use of

As a company, we attach great importance to exports. We plan to improve the export market as much as possible in order to be able to contribute to the national income. We are currently exporting all over the Middle East through our distributors to many countries in Africa, especially in North Africa. As regards Turkic Republics, Kazakhstan is an important doorway to our export point. Although there have been short-term turbulences due to crises in Russia and Ukraine, we are glad that the revival is taking place these days. Apart from this, there are different locations in our exports, Canada and Maldives are important markets we export. We joined the exhibitions in Mexico last month. We had positive negotiations. We are also hopeful for the South American market.

Do you participate in projects abroad?

Do you have project-based works?

We have already finished many projects abroad. The most important of them is the establishment of BP in Basra, shopping center and residential dwellings in Iraq.

There are a few projects we pursue in the African region. We expect to clarify in the next months.

As Kaltes foreign trade department, what are your future goals?

We established the foreign trade department in 2013. From that day to this, we came to this point with a rapid acceleration. We are delighted to reach a number of destinations including Canada, which we mentioned that target on a television program in 2014. Of course these targets are updated every year. We aim to increase our market share in the Middle East this year. South America is our main target as a new market and to reach more countries in Africa. We have serious working in the direction of exhibition attendance and visits in this direction.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

Interview with Ognyan Zarev, CEO, Filkab Solar Enerji A.Ş.

Scope of works performed: ·LV cable trenches; ·Electrical installation LV – delivery and installation; ·Earthing system – delivery and installation; ·Communication system – installation; ·Testing.

2. Solar farms Yozgat region - Yozgat 01 – 5.76 MWp; Yozgat 02 – 5.65 MWp; Yozgat 03 – 1.76 MWp Scope of works performed on all the sites: ·LV and MV cable trenches; ·Electrical installation LV and MV – delivery and installation; ·Earthing system – delivery and installation; ·Communication system – installation; ·Testing.

We are currently working on the following Projects: As a CEO of Filkab Solar Enerji A.Ş. and part of Filkab Group, tell us briefly about the company and the group.

FILKAB Solar Enerji A.Ş., a daughter company within the FILKAB group, offers comprehensive solutions in the field of renewable energy in Turkey: ·EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) of PV installations. ·Subcontracting for the implementation of electrical and mechanical parts of PV plants. ·Delivery and installation of MV- and LV electrical equipment for PV installations.

It was established in 2014 with an office in Istanbul.

FILKAB AD was founded in 1999 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and is currently a market leader, providing goods and services in the sphere of electrical installation and equipment. It offers engineering solutions which are widely applied in the power industry, construction, communications, etc.

FILKAB has 2 daughter companies in the country – Engineering EAD and Filkab Solar OOD. Apart from being present in Bulgaria, FILKAB Group has 4 subsidiaries in the region: in Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, and Turkey.

How do you manage to meet the challenges of the competitive Turkish market?

We have gained substantial engineering expertise in the sphere of grid-connected and “turn-key” utility-scale PV plants already completed in Bulgaria, Romania, Cyprus, and Macedonia, which has helped us to build confidence and offer our services on the 11

Turkish market as well. The complex processes involved in the construction of a solar installation have been extensively analysed and standardised, and designed in such a way that the speed and results would meet the highest demands.

Moreover, the availability of considerable amount of goods that we keep on stock is a prerequisite for short-term project implementation and excellent maintenance during and after the warranty period of a PV plant.

The successful cooperation with leading European manufacturers of photovoltaic modules, solar inverters, charge controllers, and batteries allows the company to offer high-quality materials and equipment, longterm exploitation and high average yields per installed watt-peak. And all these characteristics turn FILKAB Group into a reliable business partner.

Tell us about some of FILKABʼs completed and ongoing projects in Turkey.

The first PV farm with installed capacity of 8 megawatts was completed in 2015. In 2016, there followed three new projects with total installed capacity of 13 megawatts, and in 2017 Filkab Solar Enerji A.S. has been working on four projects already, with much higher installed capacity of 45 megawatts in total. All the projects will be completed by the end of the year because the company has the resources and the right organization to work simultaneously on multiple sites.

Reference list of finished Projects and executed works by Filkab Solar Enerji A.S.: 1. Solar farm Maras 01 – 8.00 MWp

1. Solar farms Sivas region - Sivas 01 – 3.5 MWp; Sivas 02 - 3.5 MWp; Sivas 03 4.7 Mwp Scope of works performed on the Projects: ·LV and MV cable trenches; ·Electrical installation LV and MV – delivery and installation; ·Earthing system – delivery and installation; ·Communication system – installation; ·Testing.

2. Solar farm Elazig 01 – 34.0 MWp; Scope of works performed on the Project: LV and MV cable trenches; Electrical installation LV and MV – delivery and installation; Earthing system – delivery and installation; Communication system – installation; Testing.

What are your company plans for the near future?

Filkab Solar Enerji A.S. intends to apply for a subcontractor in the world's second largest gigawatt PV plant project on the territory of the Republic of Turkey. A consortium between Hanwha Q Cells and the Turkish construction company Kalyon Enerji was chosen as a contractor.

Filkab Solar Enerji A.S. expects to take part in the electrotechnical activities of this mega project. For this purpose, the company relies on the following time-proven competitive advantages: ·experience in building PV plants in the neighbouring Balkan countries, as well as in Turkey, ·timely completion of contracts, ·guaranteed quality of work according to customer's requirements.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

Five key factors for attracting investments in energy efficiency whole district heating system more efficient if end users of the system already need less energy from it. It reduces cost for the system and cost for the consumers, and creates opportunity to provide energy to more of the city in more sustainable way.

What is the World Resources Institute’s (WRI) mission and how it contributes to the UN Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative?

Eric Mackres is the Building Efficiency Manager with the WRI Ross Center for Sustainable Cities. He supports the Building Efficiency Initiative through program development, project management, and research. Eric contributes to strategy development, work planning, partnership development, fundraising, monitoring, and evaluation related to the Center’s efforts on building efficiency and energy more broadly.

He manages global projects and partnerships with key cities, including in Mexico, China and India. Additionally, he helps to conduct research on emerging trends and best practices in building efficiency and sustainable cities.

In what way does UNEP facilitate both Building Efficiency Accelerator (BEA) and Global District Heating in Cities (DES) initiatives?

The UN Environment is one of many global partners to SE4All and for the BEA and DES initiative. It is also the local implementing partner for Belgrade. So, there is a strong relationship between the City of Belgrade, stakeholders in Belgrade and UNEP helping to facilitate a process of thinking what are the challenges here related to district energy and buildings, how do we assess those and identify solutions and how to bring together different stakeholders to develop a plan that is implementable.

What is fascinating and really interesting in Belgrade is that the city understands the strong connections between buildings and district heating, and recognizes that in addition to improving district heating system itself the best way to provide sustainable energy to the citizens is through improving the buildings. It makes the

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The WRI is a global think and do tank. We identify challenges and opportunities related to environment and development. We like to say that we indentify the problem in a quantitative way, we figure how to change it through new policies and new actions and then we scale those solutions by learning about what’s working and how to apply in another places. For SE4All we are the secretariat for the BEA. It is one of six accelerators that are implementing partnerships in order to reach energy efficiency goals of SE4All, and sustainable development goal number 7 related to sustainable energy. In that role we act as a convenor of this partnership between businesses, global civil society and technical organization, working in support of the local actions and priorities of the cities and other sub-national governments to improve energy efficiency in buildings.

What is the approach that you take when you decide on a city that you will include in the initiative? Do you make some analysis and based on that you say what they should do or you let the city, participant in the initiative, to decide by itself according to the guidance and leadership that you provide?

When a city joins the BEA, they first commit to an overall vision of doubling the improvement of energy efficiency in their city by 2030. The three specific things, three actionable things that they commit to are: to implement a policy, a demonstration project and a method for tracking progress. That is the barrier for entry. We ask all cities who join the accelerator to do that, and then based on that we do assist them as they request in assessing the technical opportunities, but just as importantly assessing what are the stakeholder driven priorities, what is the appetite for among decision makers to take on. From our perspective the most important thing is to begin doing the feasible actions. Even if it is something small – once that is seen as an achievement, it will be able to grow to something bigger – small successes that can become larger to add toward that 2030 vision.

When you say private sector, are you referring to ESCO companies?

ESCO companies can be an important part of this. More importantly though is to make sure that there is demand from building owners, and that are at least leaders among large property

holders whether it is in multi-family housing buildings, tenants association that are saying we understand the value of this, or businesses who say this is important for their business model.

Those are the most important private sector actors to push forward this idea of scale, to say we have many buildings we want to invest in. ESCO can be one of the service providers that can help to make those investments, to package technical services with the finance. There is not one model for finance, it will depend on particular piece of the market, building sector is very diffuse and diverse. It is going to require many different solutions for particular market sectors.

So, do you suggest five S in order to attract investments?

One way we like to think about this is the five Ss of attracting investment to energy efficiency.

This is really important to think about how the public sector and private sector relate to each other on these issues. The first S is stability. It is important to have a stable investment environment and that includes foundational policies, like energy codes that set the floor of how efficient building should be. The second is scale. Investors want to have significant volume of investment. In the building sector that can be challenging because you need many different buildings to have sufficient scale for private investors. Many of them will only consider investments and portfolios of USD 10 million or more. That can be 100 buildings or more before a private investor is really interested. It is important to think how to create that scale, to create a pipeline of investment projects.

The next S is for standardization. To make an investment project ready, investors are looking for certain pieces of information and that needs to be standardized and then collected across the buildings that are part of that investment portfolio. Basic things like the floor area of the building and which technical standard was used to assess energy savings potential.

The forth is segmentation. It is another important piece to understand the diversity of building sector, to be able to understand which building types have similarities, to have typology of building and decision makers and to be able to reach out to buildings and engage them in taking action on building efficiency in a way that makes sense to them.

Finally, sequencing of actions is very important.

There needs to be a path toward continuing improvement and continued action. Putting one policy in place is often not enough. It is important to understand how different policies and actions interrelate with each other. Having a building code that exists on the national level is great but having it implemented in a city so the savings are actually being achieved is an essential next step.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

ENERGY MINING

Hus Ltd. - Steel manufactoring and trade have evidenced a long list of successful business partnerships. We value our customers’ needs and trust which we consider as our reward and a milestone to our continuous growth. We aim at affirming the name of HUS as being the most reliable steel supplier in Bulgaria and continuously increase its presence on the international markets.

Assets History HUS is a family company established in 1990 and headquartered in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. It is specialized in manufacturing and trading of steel products. HUS proved to be a reliable partner and gained a superior reputation on the Bulgarian and East European markets.

Over the years the company has constantly invested in hi-end machinery, modern production facilities, warehouses and in the development and qualification of its employees.

The wide range of steel products and the high volumes of stock enable the company to meet the market demand for steel goods in various fields – construction, engineering, steel processing, and others.

Values The business strategy of HUS is building and keeping sustainable long-term relationship with its partners. For more than two decades of development, competence and experience in the steel industry we

- 14 warehouses, commercial, industrial and office facilities spreading on a total area of more than 1 700 000 m2.

- Over 100 000 metric tons of constantly available steel products on stock.

- More than 1000 highly qualified employees firmly committed to the company’s values and goals.

- More than 50 heavy-lift trucks ensuring a prompt delivery.

- Financial capacity and liquidity which enables the company to meet all of its obligations to suppliers and partners on time, and invest in further business development.

- Technical equipment for production of various steel products and performing steel processing services.

Our Team The most valuable asset of HUS is its human capital. For more than 25 years HUS has been focusing on recruiting energetic and highly qualified specialists, and

investing in their further education and training. Our managers, engineers, sales people and production employees are fully committed to the company’s values. HUS is a modern company constantly deploying new technologies, latest management practices and sustainable development principles. The high quality provided by our company is emphasized by implementing the Quality Management System in accordance with ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004, BS OHSAS 18001:2007.

Products HUS produces cold-formed welded tubes and hollow sections, low carbon hotdip galvanized and black wire, cold bent profiles, welded wire mesh, corrugated sheets and profiles for dry-wall construction and window’s reinforcements. The company also provides services such as cut to length from coils, cut to strips from coils, cut and bend of reinforcement steel. HUS is involved in domestic trade, import and export of hot-rolled and cold-rolled coils and sheets, hot-dip galvanized coils and sheets, PPGI, beams, merchant bars, concrete reinforcing steel, thermal insulation panels, seamless tubes and more. We guarantee our present and future partners high quality products, positive attitude, professional services and on-time fulfillment of all undertaken commitments.

You can rely on us!

www.husltd.com/en/

Hus Ltd. 64 A Plovdiv - Sever Str., 4027 Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 13

T: +359 32 233 038 F: +359 32 233 023 office@husltd.com energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

Mytrah Energy eyes 1000MW additional capacity value of an empowered team that respects opinion. As a leader, I strongly believe that open debates on divergent positions lead to sharper, better-thought-out business decisions. I also believe in empowering people and delegating responsibility to them.

What are your business philosophies?

CEO Vikram Kailas shares that in just six years, the firm has commissioned over 1,000MW of generation capacity across 18 wind power projects, and is planning to commission another 1,000MW of wind and solar next year.

Renewable energy is at its prime in India, given its government’s strong support for sustainability efforts. According to Prime Minister Modi, the country eyes buildling 175GW of generation capacity by 2022 and achieve 40% capacity from non-fossil fuelbased sources by 2030. Mytrah Energy is amongst the companies at the helm of this energy shift in India, as it aims to own and operate 3,500MW of renewable power in the country. Its wind portfolio energy capacity is currently at 1,000MW and places the firm as the group with the largest wind data bank, being the only IPP that has over 200 masts across the country. It has also recently popped the champagne on higher profits on back of completed construction of wind turbines. Asian Power caught up with Mytrah Energy’s CEO Vikram Kailas as he shares the firm’s plans of dominating the renewable energy sector.

Please tell us about yourself. How long have you been in the industry and how long have you been with Mytrah Energy?

I co-founded Mytrah Energy in 2009. My association with the industry dates back to 2006 when I started working in New York as an investment banker serving energy companies.

When we started Mytrah Energy, wind power in India was primarily driven by tax breaks and was not considered a viable sector to set up a business in. We saw things differently. Here was a sector with no reliance on subsidies, no fuel risk, and lower project risk due to shorter construction periods compared to thermal or gas projects.

So, despite having no prior operational experience, we were confident that we could build a scalable business in this space as long as we worked to a plan. My experience at these institutions has helped shape my outlook towards business and leadership. I learned the 14

Mytrah’s success has been predicated on an imaginative, entrepreneurial business model that’s been turned into reality through focused execution. Mytrah is India’s first utility-scale renewable independent power producer, indeed the first start-up utilities company. Building such a firm required quite a leap of faith from all stakeholders – our investors, our early employees, our business partners, our lenders since such a model was unprecedented in the industry. That’s why it took four months and 300 investor meetings to raise our initial equity capital of US$80m.

At Mytrah, we also encourage a multiplicity of voices. Building engaged and empowered teams is critical for a firm to succeed and I try to do my best to facilitate the process. I am conscious that my opinion shouldn’t be an overbearing part of processes I am involved in.

You could say that I have learned to appreciate the power of the leader’s silence as a tool of empowerment.

What are the biggest challenges Mytrah Energy is currently facing?

The first challenge is maintaining consistently high standards across all business activities. In case of project execution, for example, this means timely completion of construction activities whilst staying within budget and adhering to global quality standards. In case of plant operations, this translates into maintaining our generation assets optimally thereby ensuring high machine availability levels, and so on. Second, the firm needs to consistently take a long-term view of things. We supply energy under power purchase agreements that can run up to 25 years. To be able to deliver on its commitments consistently over such long periods, such an approach is not only recommended, it is a necessity. Third, the firm must stay abreast of the industry’s everevolving conditions. A couple of points can help explain this issue. One is the recent change in the mechanism used in India to award new wind power projects from a feed-in tariff to a reverse auction method. Another is the ongoing changes in project costs due to fluctuating input prices, changes in technology, and other factors.

What is Mytrah Energy’s biggest plan to date? What should the industry be excited about?

of generation capacity across 18 wind power projects in eight states within six years of its inception. The firm is currently constructing nearly 1,000MW of wind and solar projects and plans to commission them over the next year.

The pathway for the secular growth of the Indian renewable power sector has become clearer with time. Whilst the target of 175GW by 2022 is a challenging one, the momentum gained by the industry is undeniable.

The unmet renewable purchase obligation of close to 40GW and the supply gap expected to emerge from retiring old, polluting thermal assets should help sustain the momentum.

Auction-based award of wind and solar power generation capacities is becoming the norm now. The recent auctions for wind and solar power generation capacities have seen wide ranging participation. With continued support from the Central government, we could see 15GW of capacity being auctioned out on a year-on-year basis. All of this shows that we are on the cusp of a very exciting phase of growth for the industry.

What are the newest projects that you have as of the moment and what projects are in the pipeline?

In the wind power space, Mytrah currently has 320MW of projects under construction, whose details are available in the firm’s Annual Report.

The firm recently participated in the auction of interstate wind power projects conducted by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (“SECI”) and won the right to construct 250MW of projects.

The project will be constructed at Maniyachi in the Thoothukudi district of the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

It will supply power to the Power Trading Corporation (“PTC”) under a 25-year Power Purchase Agreement. The power will be injected into the Central Grid for distribution utilities with whom PTC will execute Power Sale Agreements. Mytrah has recently received the Letter of Award for the project from SECI and is working towards completing it within the stipulated 18-month construction period. The other project under construction project is the 70MW Aspari Extension project in Andhra Pradesh, another southern Indian state.

In solar power, the firm is working on 500MW of projects across three Indian states – Telangana, Punjab and Karnataka. All these projects are currently under construction and are expected to become operational over the next few months. Apart from these, we have several other projects under various stages of development.

Mytrah Energy commissioned over 1,000MW

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

ABB: Leading the digital way for Asia's power companies learned from a recent forced outage be applied in operational and maintenance practices.

Digitalisation is enabling power generators to turn industry challenges and complexity into opportunities When the Digital Lead of ABB’s power generation and water business, Susan Peterson-Sturm.

Everyone wanted to inject digital fuel into their growth tanks. “These customers are keen to look at digital solutions as a means by which to scale their businesses,” she says. “Power generators want to better understand how to improve the flexibility and thermal efficiency of their plants to be more competitive, given current low power prices in China. OEMs participating in One Road, One Belt opportunities outside of China want to look at remote collaboration and virtual power plants to efficiently scale their businesses for global markets.”

Peterson-Sturm says, “At ABB we’re privileged to have partnered with the world’s leading utilities to develop, test and operate digital solutions that have allowed generators to find new business models and thrive, despite market complexity.”

Problems ABB’s digital solutions solve

Digital is the solution

Knowledge and expertise retention: A key challenge for those operating in mature power markets in Asia is the retirement of experienced operations personnel, notably in Japan and Korea. For example, the ability to access both remote internal and external expertise is a huge enabler for these markets. ABB’s Collaborative Operations Centers provide infrastructure as a service, securely allowing experts outside the plant to monitor performance, support troubleshooting and maintenance, and help optimize plant operation.

Peterson-Sturm is often asked how digital (or the Internet of Things, IoT) will transform the power industry. She says that “The power industry is undergoing tremendous transformation. Digital is a tool successful power companies will leverage to thrive in this complex market.”

While Collaborative Operation Centers support improved health and safety of workers and reduce the number of technical experts required to operate and maintain plants, says Peterson-Sturm, Collaborative Operations Centers can also reduce operating costs.

She rattles off a few of the major changes her colleagues in the power industry have experienced over the past 20 years: power market deregulation, enforcement of more stringent environmental constraints, the creation of wholesale power markets and the addition of renewable generation resources. There is no shortage of challenges to solve. The result is a global power market in transformation, with traditional business value streams and asset utilization models being turned on their heads.

Improving operational practices: Another challenge for those operating fleets of power plants is to ensure that best practices are applied and lessons learned are shared across plants. Leadership in many power companies want to enhance operational visibility of key performance indicators across their fleets. They want the ability to “double click” into individual plants or specific classes of equipment across their fleets. How can the best practices of the most efficient plant be implemented across the fleet, they ask? How can lessons

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Managing complexity: The third example Peterson-Sturm provides relates to enabling power companies in highly complex markets to adapt to new opportunities and business models, beyond traditional operation. “For example, distributed energy resources, like rooftop solar or even demand-side management have made it hard for traditional unit commitment or dispatching functions to respond to fluctuating load requirements quickly and profitably,” she says. “Power companies can use digital solutions to make more accurate forecasts with data from smart meters, create more profitable unit commitment and bidding decisions with neural network generation forecasting modules, and minimize labor and complexity by deploying advanced analytics that can aggregate forecasts from many small renewable resources into a larger virtual power plant’” What are other keys to success?

It starts at the top. Utilities are undergoing a “cultural shift” towards an informationbased digital economy - where primary processes are digitalized - and moving away from the traditional business model that requires heavy investment in physical assets. In the face of this change, chief executives feel there is a real danger of getting left behind if they fail to rally their organization to the new digital order. The drive from leadership is key to the implementation of successful digital projects. It is vital that there is a clear link between any digital project and a company’s strategic priorities.

Think big but start small. While it is vital to have a big-picture vision for digital, early adopters started with small projects and pilots that quickly delivered tangible results.

“Results and success drive more action and greater cultural adoption of digital solutions on the plant floor.” With the organization on board, larger and more ambitious projects are easier to execute.

It’s all about people, process and technology. Peterson-Sturm says “If companies do not make the necessary changes to their business processes so that digital solutions can deliver results, they will be left with cool technology that never gets implemented”. We cannot afford to make our colleagues feel alienated or not part of the industry’s digital future.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

GIPS JSC - the major supplier of raw materials for the cement industry GIPS has developed the variety of its products in accordance with the European trends in the development and marketing of new products refracting them through the particular features and demands of the Bulgarian market.

Great variety of gypsum-based and cement-based dry building mixtures ground coats and adhesives, stuccos and putties, adhesives for ceramic coverings, heat-insulation system and primers.

The main endeavor of the company is to offer its’ clients products applicable in building, reconstruction and repair activities in public and residential buildings.

Quality

The mine near the village of Koshava is the only underground gypsum deposit in SouthEastern Europe.

The extracted by the company gypsum is a 100 % natural product and its purity reaches 95 % (the purity of the excavated from open-air quarries gypsum does not exceed 50 %).

The harmful impact on the environment is significantly reduced due to the starting of the new factory and complete installation.

The permitted level of harmful emissions is 50 mg/m3 and the new installation will give off no more than 20-27 mg/m3.

In order to be competitive on the Bulgarian and European markets GIPS implements strict controlling all over the production process.

The company possesses the only accredited in Bulgaria laboratory for analyzing gypsum and gypsum products.

GIPS is certified by ISO 9001-2008 SGS.

The energy consumption of the production will be significantly reduced – the consumption of electricity and fuels will be reduced by 45 %.

The products of GIPS JSC are well known in Bulgaria, Serbia and Romania.

The project was approved by the Operational Program "Competitiveness of the Bulgarian economy 2007-2013.

The capacity of the new installation is 14 tons per hour.

Koshava, Bulgaria post code: 3771

The equipment of the new plant with a capacity of 80 thousand tons per year is worth 8 million euro. Supplier of equipment is "Claudius Peters Projects".

Nowadays GIPS JSC manufactures 23 products – 13 gypsum-based and 10 cement-based dry building mixtures, heatinsulation system and primers.

Phone: +359 888 405 652; +359 885 945 763 E-mail: sales.gipsad@abv.bg

Products

www.gips-ad.com

GIPS JSC is the major supplier of raw materials for the cement industry, as well as for the production of gypsum binding substances and aerated-concrete products.

Markets

Since 2006 over 22 millions BGN have been invested in reconstruction, modernization and up-dating of the technological process through buying a complex machine for mechanized underground extraction of natural gypsum, the building of two new production installations for gypsum-based and cement-based dry building mixtures and an installation for drying and separation of sand and complete installation for calcification of natural gypsum.

On the 4th of October the new factory of GIPS JSC was officially opened in the village of Koshava.

This is the first plant in Bulgaria with a complex installation for classification of natural gypsum.

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GIPS JSC

sales@gips-ad.com; gipsad@abv.bg

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

ISCAR Drilling for Profit with SUMO3CHAM The entire machining process becomes much easier as the cutting forces are spread across 3 cutting edges, the drilling process is more stable and the penetration into the part's material is more balanced. Thus, users can work up to twice as fast, as the feed per tooth can be increased significantly. Alternatively, users can maintain the same feed per revolution as with a two flute drill and achieve much longer tool life.

The SUMO3CHAM clamping, which relies on 3 points of positioning, provides high levels of repeatability when replacing the drilling head.

The global metalworking industry is driven by the relentless progress of highend technologies that are becoming ever more sophisticated. The challenging requirements of advanced production equipment demands the provision of 'out of the box' advanced machining solutions.

Innovative cutting tools release the latent productive capability of modern machine tools and deliver enhanced profits to users.

In order to comply with market demand, ISCAR recently exhibited its next generation, advanced indexable drill and further extended its comprehensive product portfolio with the launch of SUMO3CHAM – an advanced three flute indexable drill. The innovative design of the SUMO3CHAM raises users manufacturing productivity to new levels by reducing machining cycle times by up to 50% when compared to the conventional two flute drills.

The new product's pocket configuration is constructed on a 'close structure' design with three contact areas based on a dove tail joint. This rigid clamping configuration divides the forces applied to the tools' pocket into 3 segments. This arrangement dramatically reduces harmful influences on the pocket's life and also substantially prolongs tool life.

Three radial and 3 axial stoppers secure the drilling head and ensure a reliable drilling process in high feed machining environments. Furthermore, due to its sharp edges and the low axial force it applies, the SUMO3CHAM is very efficient when drilling a through-hole when the drill breaks through a slanted surface, also creating fewer burrs on the hole exit. Since the material work hardening is low, a reamer or a tap which may be used for a subsequent operation will gain from extended tool life and accomplish improved results. The unique geometry of the SUMO3CHAM selfcentering head shapes the produced chips optimally to allow smooth evacuation throughout the 3 high helix polished flutes.

ISCAR maintains its proud tradition of designing user-friendly drilling systems for easy handling. These unique drilling systems eliminate the use of tightening screws to clamp the drilling head in accordance with the company motto "No Set-up Time".

SUMO3CHAM is now available for machining alloy steel, carbon steel, soft and gummy low carbon steel as well as cast iron.

In a similar way, the cutting forces are equally divided across the 3 cutting edges of the drilling head. The application of less pressure to each of the contact surfaces further extends the life cycle of the drilling head.

ISCAR's vision is to remain the global metalworking market leader by the continuing work of its prolific R&D department and remaining aware of its customers evolving needs. Innovative developments allow the launch of products that bring manufacturers an array of efficient drilling solutions based on uncompromising quality.

"The combination of the self-centering geometry, along with a robust and accurate clamping system results in SUMO3CHAM providing ultimate performances relating to hole cylindricity, roundness and enhanced productivity.

ISCAR Bulgaria is located in Kazanlak to serve the Bulgarian metal working industries. ISCAR Bulgaria is registered with the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and abides by its standards of conduct. The trained staff of

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experienced sales engineers at ISCAR Bulgaria is ready to provide support, testing, demonstrations, consultations and quotations for ISCAR tools — the world’s finest metal cutting tools.

ISCAR is the largest of the 15 companies comprising the IMC (International Metalworking Companies). Together, they supply a dynamic comprehensive line of precision carbide metalworking tools. These companies produce a wide range of carbide inserts, carbide endmills and cutting tools, covering most metal cutting applications.

IMC also provides engineering and manufacturing solutions to major industries throughout the world. Many innovative products, designed specially for customer requirements, have made the IMC a world leader in the major manufacturing industries such as automotive, aerospace and die & mold production.

For more information: ISCAR Bulgaria. Starozagorska 1, Str. Floor 1, Office G, 6100 Kazanlak Tel/Fax:+359 431 62557; Tel: +359 431 64361 e-mail: apostolov@iscar.bg www.iscar.bg

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

“Interpiborserviz” OOD - leading company in industry and energy sector Security and access control systems and other specific systems; The personnel of the Company performs calibration and pre-metrological verification of the technical means in the cases, when this is required.

Installation activities: Installation, wiring and fitting of electrical switchboards, electrical cabinets and junction boxes; Manufacturing and installation of pipe ducts from cable ducts; Manufacture and installation of cable routes from cable trays and beds; Production of pipelines for water, steam and gases.

“INTERPRIBORSERVIZ” OOD (limited liability company) is an establishment, specialized in the design, construction, service, supply and trade with systems for industrial and building management, radiation control, automation, safety, security, fire safety, telecommunications and information traffic in the field of energy, security and defence, industry, transport and ecology.

Membership Member of the Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry since its establishment, and updated membership by decision № 4028388000 / 06.06.2001.

Member of the Bulgarian Atomic Forum “BULATOM” since 11.09.2002.

Services for legal entities and natural persons:

technological process; Digital and analogue measuring instruments: calibrators (of constant and variable voltage and current, of resistance, for oscilloscopes, for temperature), frequency meters, oscilloscopes, micro ohmmeters, mega ohmmeters, insulation testers, multimeters, frequency generators, frequency and time standards, frequency comparators, nonlinear distortion meters, variable frequency voltmeters, frequency meter generators, etc. .; Pressure measuring transducers, type SAPPHIRE, SAFIR, METRAN, etc., used in the technological processes in industry; Technical manometers, exemplary gauges, electrical contact manometers, piston pressure gauges and pressure switches;

The Company possesses certificates for builders, groups I, III and V to the Chamber of the Bulgarian Builders.

Flow, level, pressure and temperature sensors, level indicators;

Resources: instruments for measurement of electrical, radio technical, physical and chemical values; own working standards of measurement units; own information system and database.

Neutron analysers of the solution NAS-12 and NAS-B for constant control of the concentration of boronic acid in the process solutions and the heat carrier;

"Service and Repair Activities" Directorate Servicing of: Systems for control and management of electronic blocks for automation, analogue and digital instruments for measurement of electrical and radio technical values, for measuring of temperature, mechanical values (including the highest class), level meters, flowmeters, control automats, normative converters of power, process-monitors, power units, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS); Panel analogue and digital instruments: ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, varmeters, frequency meters, synchronoscopes, delta Umeters, etc., regulators, digital controllers, devices for automated systems for control of the 19

Supply and installation of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment; Construction of ventilation, heating and airconditioning systems; Warranty, after-sales and subscription service and repair of equipment and / or systems.

Directorate “Marketing and supplies” Carries out the business activities of the Company and presents “Interpriborserviz” OOD as one of the biggest suppliers of equipment, spare parts and materials for "NPP Kozloduy" EAD, HPP, refineries, chemical, ore-mining and processing enterprises, as well as for the production, repair and service activities of the Company. Prepares and performs presentations and exhibitions of new equipment, technologies and innovative experience. Thanks to the accumulated experience, the Company organizes the implementation of new turnkey projects in the industry and energetics of Bulgaria, Macedonia and Ukraine.

Partners in the company: "NPP Kozloduy" EAD – Bulgaria

Secondary displaying self-recording devices, process monitors, regulators;

State Property Fund of Ukraine, Ukraine

Gas analysers, systems for chemical control of parameters of water, steam, oil and others.;

Chernovetska Corporation "Electrical Automation" - Chernovtsi, Ukraine

Cathodic protection of metallic facilities;

JSC "Electrical Installation" - Moscow, Russian Federation

Fire alarm and signalling systems; Systems for continuous radiation monitoring α, β and γ activity, environmental monitoring, human body and limb radiation monitoring monitors, portable apparatuses, instruments and dosimeters for radiation monitoring of the human body and radiation control of α, β, γ activity or neutron radiation; Sampling devices for checking the radioactivity of aerosols, noble gases, etc.

Contacts: 3321 Kozloduy, NPP site Manager: Kostadin Dimitrov tel.: +359 973 7220; +359 973 72013 fax: +359 973 76670 е-mail: ips@inpris.com web: www.inpris.com

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Energy

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energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Ecology

William Cannon, Environment & Infrastructure Group, Sumitomo Corporation of Americas continue to move forward powered by a finite supply of resources. Investing in ways to harness renewable energy sources is the only way we can sustain growth and progress for the generations to come.

Wind, solar and other renewable technologies are important for the future, but do not come without their own set of challenges.

This makes it that much more important to promote innovation – so we can not only harness the power of these resources right now but also continue to make them better and more effective solutions for our future energy needs.

How do you think environmental constraints will shape global markets?

William Cannon is Senior Vice President and General Manager, Environment & Infrastructure Group, Sumitomo Corporation of Americas Firstly, could you please explain who Sumitomo Corporation of Americas is and what you do?

Sumitomo Corporation of Americas (SCOA) is the largest subsidiary of Sumitomo Corporation, part of the Japanese “Sogo Shosha”, the traditional term for a Japanese trading company.

While SCOA is rooted in the trading business, today the company acts more like a global investment firm with businesses and subsidiaries across multiple industries and in multiple markets, including renewable energy and infrastructure.

At SCOA, I lead the Environment and Infrastructure business group for the Americas region, which includes the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Central, and South America.

I’m responsible for overseeing business development and asset management within this group. My team aims to find wind, solar, and other renewable projects to acquire, develop, finance, and own.

Environmental constraints are already shaping markets across the world.

Various countries and states have shown their commitment to climate change via the creation of assorted accords and contracts, such as the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015. We also see these forces at play in the private sector, thanks to the CSR initiatives of corporations, both large and small. Investors demand that companies address global warming and reduce their carbon footprints, which is where my team is able to help.

We act as the lynchpin in getting these companies partnered with new wind or solar generation projects that can provide them with clean power, and ultimately attain their green energy targets.

Additionally, since Sumitomo is a global corporation, we are able to assist them in their clean energy initiatives around the world where ever they may have manufacturing facilities or satellite offices.

So, environmental constraints are influencing how world leaders and companies spend their dollars, which in turn creates new and myriad opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

What is Sumitomo Corporation of Americas’ plan for the future?

Sumitomo Corporation of Americas continues to grow its portfolio in renewable power and has extensive experience developing, operating and owning wind, solar and battery storage projects. Why is investing in renewable energy technologies so important?

Our near-term goal is to have a generation portfolio that is comprised of 30% or more renewable capacity. Looking further ahead, our goal within our energy business is to significantly decarbonize our global IPP portfolio. This means maintaining our current investments while adding a significant amount of zero-emission, renewable energy assets.

Simply put, we, as a society, cannot

We are also focused on evaluating what we

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see as future trends in energy and sustainability. Distributive generation continues to be a major disruptor in this sector and battery technology is at the forefront of energy innovation. With our experience in solar and battery storage projects, we want to help consumers become more directly involved in the production and management of their energy needs.

Another key focus for us is investing in wastewater treatment and desalination facilities. Too often we take for granted that we can go over to our sink and pour a glass of water without a second thought.

Water is one of the most precious resources in the world, and our goal is to leverage SCOA’s infrastructure expertise to become a leader in providing clean drinking water to those who need it.

Sumitomo Corporation of Americas is a Gold Sponsor of the upcoming Sustainable Investment Forum. Could you explain your motivations behind being involved in this event?

Sumitomo has a longstanding tradition of corporate social responsibility and giving back to the environment – one that is rooted in our business philosophy and core values.

We often reference our reforestation of the Besshi Copper Mine in Japan during the late 1800’s -- both due to its overwhelmingly positive impact on the local environment as well as the fact that it shows that CSR has always been top of mind for our company.

With that in mind, the SIF is aligned with our company’s business and societal goals.

From my team’s perspective, the fact that the SIF is a finance-focused event makes the program uniquely applicable to us.

We are committed to driving the private sector ’s involvement in financing sustainable infrastructure projects to benefit the economy and the planet.

Private companies and non-government entities need to make a point to invest in and use renewable power systems – and we are the team that can provide the opportunity for them to do so.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Ecology

Will Singapore's power sector bear the brunt of its carbon tax? generators are expected to offer generation capacity at their short run marginal costs (SRMC). In the current electricity supply & demand situation, the marginal plant is usually a natural gas combined cycle generator, and thus determines the market clearing price.

Theoretically, the SRMC of a generator includes all the costs that a generator would incur for generating an additional unit of electricity, e.g. 1 MWh. This would include the cost of additional natural gas fuel, and the cost of additional GHG emissions which result from burning the fuel. Consequently, generators are expected to include the carbon tax cost while bidding in the market, and this should pass the cost on to the wholesale market buyers, i.e. electricity retailers and other direct participants.

Earlier this year, the Singapore government announced that it will impose a tax on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from 2019. The tax amount, which is yet to be finalized, will lie in the range of S$10 to S$20 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The imposition of a price on carbon emissions is key to the overall strategy of achieving Singapore’s emission reduction target under the Paris Agreement on climate change.

Singapore ratified the Paris Agreement in September 2016 and committed itself to the reduction of its GHG emissions intensity; measured on a per dollar GDP basis, by 36 per cent as compared to 2005 levels by 2030. This is on top of the pledge Singapore made at the Cancun climate conference in 2010, whereby it committed itself to reduce its emissions by 16 per cent as compared to a business as usual scenario by 2020.

For most countries that have committed to ambitious emissions reduction targets, power generation is generally the largest source of their emissions, and a key sector targeted for initial action. For example, the US’ Paris pledge is largely dependent on its “Clean Power Plan” which establishes targets at state level for emissions from power generation. Similarly, China’s 2030 target relies on substantially reducing its coal consumption along with increasing the share of natural gas and non-fossil sources in its primary energy supply.

Singapore on the other hand, faces a unique conundrum. It already generates over 95 per cent of its electricity from natural gas powered F-class combined cycle generators. The remaining share comes from “must run” waste incineration plants, embedded co-generation plants, and peaking generators. Additionally, as an 22

alternate energy disadvantaged nation, Singapore’s only option for renewable energy is solar power, which is unfortunately limited by space constraints and concerns over its intermittent output.

As a result, Singapore must achieve the bulk of its reductions in emissions through the improving of its energy efficiency in the industry sector and to some extent, from the building and transport sectors. However, despite mandating businesses to develop energy efficiency improvement plans and offering financial incentives for the implementation of energy efficiency projects, overall efficiency levels improved by only 0.6 per cent in 2015.

Thus, the need of the hour is to expose the environmental costs of GHG emissions to consumers, so that this cost can be factored in to their energy usage and investment decisions. This will make the business case for investing in energy efficient equipment and reducing energy usage, a more attractive one.

The government has indicated that it intends to apply the carbon tax to businesses that emit more than 25,000 tonnes CO2e annually, which would encompass approximately 30 to 40 large emitters, some of which include power g e n e ra to rs , re fi n e ri e s , a n d o th e r manufacturing units such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors.

Which brings us to the question – will Singapore’s power sector bear the brunt of the carbon tax despite having invested in best of class turbines, that run on the cleanest fossil fuel available, without costing the government a dime in fuel subsidies?

Furthermore, the recently released public consultation paper on the carbon tax, mentions that the carbon tax will lead to a 2.1 – 4.3 per cent increase in electricity prices for households. Similarly, for businesses, costs are expected increase by an amount similar to a 6.4 – 12.7 per cent increase in oil prices. This indicates that the intention with regards to the carbon tax is for the costs be fully borne by the end user, thus having no impact on the generators’ revenues.

However, there are concerns. Given the current generation overcapacity which has already resulted in an intense price war and lowered the wholesale market prices drastically, generators might be tempted to absorb the carbon tax cost as well to ensure that they are dispatched.

These concerns are further compounded by the fact that in the past four years, 14 new retailers have come up in the market; and they are expected to compete aggressively with the incumbents for a slice of the market when it becomes fully contestable next year. Most retailers offer plans that guarantee a discount over the regulated tariff; thus one cannot ignore the possibility that when the regulated tariff is updated to reflect the carbon cost, retailers may increase their discounts in tandem.

In either case, not passing the cost of the carbon tax to the end user will further exacerbate the situation for a sector that is already struggling to make a profit, and will also impact the effectiveness of the tax in its achieving its intended objective.

Singapore operates a competitive wholesale electricity market whereby energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Ecology

Interview with Jeremy O'Brien of AranzGeo about 3D modelling Leapfrog Geothermal, our subsurface solution tailored to the industry, has tools specifically designed to help geothermal professionals.

With the Paris agreement there is a key focus on renewables and geothermal provides baseload which is crucial for most existing grids globally which arenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t designed for the peaks that wind and solar provide. Investors can understand solar and wind as they can see and feel those resources. As a communication tool 3D geoscientific modelling allows complex processes/phenomena to be portrayed in a way that the wider community can understand which is crucial to increasing awareness and explaining decisionmaking.

The geothermal sector has been driven by suppliers of turbines, drilling rig and solutions, but there has been not much in the sense of IT or even software solutions. So what role can a software firm like ARANZ Geo play for the geothermal sector?

What do you see as key challenges of the geothermal sector?

The key regulatory and commercial challenges for the sector are around Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), incentives and funding, and creating appropriate legislation for development to occur.

Geothermal project developers have to overcome a range of obstacles and mitigate risk to keep making progress. The biggest technical challenges are finding suitable sites and exploration risk, particularly in the early stages of development, as of course drilling has inherent risk. Once fields are up and running technology and information to guide field management best practice is also critical to ensure viability in a very competitive and ever changing global energy market.

What role could technology and innovation play in solving some of these key challenges?

Technology and innovation is crucial in driving any industry forward to create efficiencies, boost productivity and open up new opportunities. Geothermal industry dynamics are demanding innovation to help solve key commercial and technical challenges to achieve economical geothermal production. The geothermal industry to date hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seen the level of investment in innovation compared with some other commodity based resource industries, so the industry is very receptive.

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Software innovation can drive value from complex geothermal project data to extract efficiencies and boost productivity. Critical development decisions can be made with confidence and risks mitigated more effectively throughout geothermal exploration and project development.

Improved information insights also inform investors, as well as regulators and the general public who are increasingly demanding sustainable energy solutions.

ARANZ Geo has been strong in the mining sector, but has also put a lot of work into a geothermal energy specific solution. Why do you believe a bespoke solution like this was necessary and why now?

In 2008 we saw an opportunity to apply our core geological modelling software Leapfrog and our learning from mining to the geothermal sector. We worked closely with the New Zealand Geothermal Community (GNS Science, Contact Energy, and University of Auckland) and created a bespoke solution that would service the needs of the industry. Leapfrog Geothermal was first commercially released in 2010.

The growing market interest in geothermal power and sustainable energy means the industry is increasingly looking for innovation to progress.

Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve been responding to this with an intensive software development programme.

We help give the subsurface a voice. The key risk you hear wherever you travel around the world is around the upfront costs of exploration and how to communicate that risk. By applying industry best practices in exploration and development, and using 3D software creates a platform for subsurface professionals, stakeholders and decision makers to be on the same page. 2D analysis of data is an important process however people grasp concepts much more easily in three dimensions as it is a part of day to day life in 2017.

So what is next for the software what can we expect to see in new iterations of the software?

This year we have already released two new versions of Leapfrog Geothermal.

This has brought the dimension of time into the product, which gives data like microseismicity more context. We have also updated our geophysical capabilities especially with respect to iso-surfacing geophysical grids in our latest release of Leapfrog Geothermal 3.4. We also added the ability for Leapfrog Geothermal to interface with Leapfrog Central model management and communication tool which provides a platform for one version of the truth and auditability of projects with time.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Import of machines and equipment for water purification plants used for treatment of waste and potable waters

Rough Screening Rotating comb grid – type RP Vertical bar screen chain – type CP Filter with counterflow cleaning – type FPC Screw filter – type FC

Fine Screening Static filter – type KS /C/S/DS Brush filter – type RS Channel brush filter – type RSC Chain type brush filter – type CS Rotating drum filter – type R

Screening compacting Oleodynamic compactor – type CO Screw compactor – type CCI Sand trap “Pista” – type DP Sand classifier – type D Dynamic flotation – type FD

Biological treatment and aeration Biological rotaryperculator – type RE / REVA Air diffusers – type A/TH/R/AX

Tertiary treatment Microscreen drum filter – type MFT Ultrafilatration – type MC/MA

Completation equipments Manual and motorized penstocks – type PM Belt conveyor – type NT Screw conveyor – type TC

COSME srl – Italy

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Ecology

'Clean Coal' Technologies, Carbon Capture and Sequestration CO2 which can readily be captured postcombustion as above.

Storage & sequestration of carbon dioxide

A number of means exist to capture carbon dioxide from gas streams, but they have not yet been optimised for the scale required in coal-burning power plants. The focus in the past has often been on obtaining pure CO2 for industrial purposes rather than reducing CO2 levels in power plant emissions.Where there is carbon dioxide mixed with methane from natural gas wells, its separation is well proven.

Several processes are used, including hot potassium carbonate which is energyintensive and requires a large plant, a monoethanolamine process which yields high-purity carbon dioxide, amine scrubbing, and membrane processes.

Development of CCS for coal combustion has lost momentum in the last few years, partly due to uncertainty regarding carbon emission prices.

The total CO2 capture capacity of these 22 projects is around 40 Mt/yr. There are another six large-scale CCS projects at the most advanced ('define') stage of development planning, with a total CO2 capture capacity of around 6 Mt/yr. A further 12 large-scale CCS projects are in earlier stages ('identify' and 'evaluate') of development planning and have a total CO2 capture capacity of around 25 Mt/yr.

Post-combustion capture Capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams following combustion in air is much more difficult and expensive than from natural gas streams, as the carbon dioxide concentration is only about 14% at best, with nitrogen most of the rest, and the flue gas is hot.

The main process treats carbon dioxide like 25

any other pollutant, and as flue gases are passed through an amine solution the CO2 is absorbed. It can later be released by heating the solution. This amine scrubbing process is also used for taking CO2 out of natural gas. There is a significant energy cost involved. For new power plants this is quoted as 20-25% of plant output, due both to reduced plant efficiency and the energy requirements of the actual process.No commercial-scale power plants are operating with this process yet. At the new 1300 MWe Mountaineer power plant in West Virginia, less than 2% of the plant's off-gas is being treated for CO2 recovery, using chilled amine technology. This has been successful. Subject to federal grants, there are plans to capture and sequester 20% of the plant's CO2, some 1.8 million tonnes CO2 per year.

Oxyfuel combustion Where coal is burned in oxygen rather than air, it means that the flue gas is mostly CO2 and hence it can more readily be captured by amine scrubbing – at about half the cost of capture from conventional plants. A number of oxyfuel systems are operational in the USA and elsewhere, and the FutureGen 2 project involves oxycombustion. Such a plant has an air separation unit, a boiler island, and a compression and purification unit for final flue gas.The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant is a means of using coal and steam to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO) from the coal and these are then burned in a gas turbine with secondary steam turbine (ie combined cycle) to produce electricity. If the IGCC gasifier is fed with oxygen rather than air, the flue gas contains highly-concentrated

There are three main categories of geological storage for CO2: oil and gas replacement – notably enhanced oil recovery (EOR); coal seam storage; and deep saline aquifers. The first can have direct economic benefit offsetting the cost.

To 2014, 55 million tonnes of CO2 had been sequestered with monitoring. At the end of 2016, 17 large-scale operational projects had a total potential capture rate of 30 Mt CO2 per year, but only one-quarter of the captured CO2 was being stored with appropriate monitoring and verification, according to the IEA's Energy Technology Perspectives. Most of this CO2 is from natural gas processing.The UK-based CCS Forum reported in February 2016 that in order to meet the Paris Agreement it is expected that 120-160 Gt of CO2 needs to be stored from now until 2050. The theoretical storage capacity is estimated at approximately 11,000 Gt of CO2 with 1,000 Gt provided by oil and gas reservoirs and 9,000-10,000 Gt provided by deep saline aquifers. In addition, there is significant potential capacity in unmineable coal seams. At the 120-160 Gt by 2050 level, there is enough storage capacity for global CCS needs to be met well beyond the next century.

Present trends The clean coal technology field is moving in the direction of coal gasification with a second stage so as to produce a concentrated and pressurised carbon dioxide stream followed by its separation and geological storage.

This technology has the potential to provide what may be called "zero emissions" – in reality, extremely low emissions of the conventional coal pollutants, and as low-asengineered carbon dioxide emissions.

This has come about as a result of the realisation that efficiency improvements, together with the use of natural gas and renewables such as wind will not provide the deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions necessary to meet future national targets.

The US DOE sees "zero emissions" coal technology as a core element of its future energy supply in a carbon-constrained world.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Ecology

The end of coal: EU energy companies pledge no new plants from 2020 fired power plants) results in people living healthier and longer lives. Therefore, any investment in emission reduction – either via emission abatement technologies, energy efficiency or alternative generation capacities – is also an investment in the quality of life.

The Energy Community Secretariat, in its own assessment, estimated a return on investment ratio of more than 15, meaning that every unit of investment is expected to bring more than 15 units of benefits. The main reason for this is the baseline effect – currently, a large majority of power plants in the Contracting Parties have very high emission levels.

Peter Vajda, Environmental Expert at the Energy Community Secretariat, explains how the recently adopted stricter standards for large combustion plants will impact the EU energy sector, both in terms of fossil fuel fired power plants and renewable energy sector, and why they are more effective in decarbonisation then Emission Trading Scheme.

The stricter rules for large combustion plants have been recently introduced in the EU in order to scale down air pollution. How will this affect the energy sector in the EU, especially the coal plants? Is this really “the end of the road” for many coal plants, as some environmentalists say?

The conclusions on the best available techniques (BAT conclusions) for large combustion plants were indeed adopted earlier this year in the EU, which automatically triggers a permit review procedure under the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), to be completed within four years for existing plants.

The new rules tighten the existing emission standards for power plants firing fossil fuels and the operators of these plants will have to assess whether it will be technically and economically feasible for those plants to remain operational. In certain cases, these assessments may indeed result in a conclusion that the plant has to be shut down.

What the large plants will have to do to fulfill these requirements and keep the permits? Does it mean that the older and 26

less profitable coal plants will have to be shut down? Do you expect that this will boost the renewable energy sector?

All plants covered by the scope of the IED (thermal power plants with a rated thermal input equal to or greater than 50 MW) will have to have their permits reconsidered and, if necessary, updated in light of the new BAT conclusions by mid-2021.

By increasing the investment costs of either the construction of new fossil fuel fired thermal power plants or retrofitting old ones, the emission standards have in fact indirectly put a price tag on coal, oil and gas and thus created a stronger business case for alternative energy generation facilities.

Such command-and-control regulation as the stricter emission standards of the IED have in fact been more effective in decarbonzing the energy sector and promoting “green investment” than the EU Emission Trading Scheme with the current low carbon price.

In addition to the regulatory aspect, the decision whether or not to close a power plant may also be linked to a country’s overall climate and decarbonization objectives.

On the other hand, what are the expected benefits in the field of the environment, are there any projections how this will contribute to the air quality?

There are a number of studies that assess the potential health and environmental benefits of emission reduction. Generally speaking, reducing emissions of SO2, NOx and dust (the main pollutants from fossil fuel

At the same, it is common knowledge that emission reduction comes at a price, and in many transition economies such as those of the Energy Community Contracting Parties, citizens are very cost-sensitive, it is thus vital that initiatives for emission abatement receive broad public support.

What does the introduction of new standards mean for the Energy Community Contracting Parties, when will they have to implement those rules and standards? What are the Energy C o m m u n i t y S e c r e t a r i a t ’s p l a n s regarding this?

In the Energy Community, Contracting Parties are just about to start with the implementation of the Large Combustion Plants Directive (one of the predecessors of the IED) in the beginning of 2018. This means that the new EU standards (BAT conclusions) are not yet applicable in the Contracting Parties. At the same time, the European Commission is currently working on a Recommendation on the implementation of these provisions of the IED in the Energy Community, which is to be discussed at this year’s Ministerial Council in December.

Nevertheless, I must highlight that even the implementation of the existing rules in the Energy Community, that is about to start as of 1 January 2018, presents a challenge for the Contracting Parties.

Five Contracting Parties (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia and Ukraine) decided to adopt a so-called National Emission Reduction Plan, which means that plants will be treated in a group rather than individually.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

Ecology

Dirk Forrister, CEO and President of IETA nothing”. This may have been true for the first movers in the UK or Europe or even RGGI, California or Québec in North America. But now it’s a red herring. Many jurisdictions are pricing carbon. That said, most of them are adopting competitiveness provisions, such as the use of free allocation for trade-exposed industries.

Ultimately, the best solution to competition concerns is linkage between systems, which enables all participants covered by those systems to access the same carbon price. This would deliver the ultimate level playing field in climate policy.

Countries around the world are committed to implementing their national climate strategies or NDCs as a part of the Paris Agreement on climate change. According to the World Bank Group, the investment needs embedded in these plans amount to US$23 trillion in emerging markets alone, representing a significant opportunity to grow the global economy.

Firstly, could you please introduce IETA and what you do?

IETA is an international business association that promotes market-based climate policies. Our 135 members cover the wide spectrum of businesses involved in carbon markets, from energy and industrial firms to those providing financial, market, legal or advisory services. To support the Paris Agreement, we are working with policymakers from Europe to China to North America on implementation of carbon market policies.

Our vision is to help form linkages between these markets over time, to ensure that climate goals can be met at lowest economic cost. That way, businesses will have flexibility to make the low-carbon transition, while they continue to grow and prosper.

What are some of the key challenges to developing an effective and active global carbon emissions market?

The toughest challenge is competitiveness.

Every jurisdiction pursuing a carbon market faces a political charge that it is “going it alone” while competitors are “doing 27

The second major challenge is overlapping policies, such as fuel-specific mandates, subsidies and tax breaks. It’s a real temptation for policymakers to adopt a whole suite of climate policies, rather than relying on a solid market mechanism to achieve the goal. These overlaps add inefficiency. They add cost. And they contribute to surpluses in the market. Over time, IETA urges more reliance on the market mechanism and less of a burden of overlapping policies. If we’re to meet the Paris goal of limiting warming to no more than 2°C, then we cannot afford the inefficiencies of policy overlaps.

You have said that 2017 will be a big year for carbon markets, what do you do think will be some of the most significant developments?

Hands down, the biggest development this year will be the launch of China’s national emissions market. China is the world’s largest emitter, and it recognises the need to act. Chinese enterprises are getting ready to engage in the programme, which will be the world’s largest carbon market.

Second, there is a groundswell of action underway as jurisdictions plan their Paris action agendas. A new carbon market opened in Ontario this year, and others are on the way – notably Mexico, Colombia and other Latin American countries are considering new market policies. We will see legislation to clarify the future of markets in the EU, South Korea and California, and we are expecting the International Civil Aviation Organization to determine the types of carbon assets that will be used in the new CORSIA market in the coming years.

countries, and it will set the terms for a new “mechanism to support mitigation and sustainable development”. That’s UNspeak for a market mechanism to replace the Clean Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation programme of the Kyoto Protocol.

IETA has previously been a co-organiser of CARBON EXPO and is now a co-organiser of the inaugural Innovate4Climate, Finance & Market Week. What were your motivations behind your involvement with this event and what do you hope will be its main outcomes this year?

IETA believes in bringing people together to share ideas, make contacts and do business. With the World Bank and other partners, we produce yearly carbon forums in every region of the globe. It has been important for us to support one major global forum that ties it all together. CARBON EXPO had a valiant run for 15 years. Now, we are thrilled to maintain our longstanding partnership with the World Bank on the I4C event.

We saw value in a fresh new model for the post-Paris era. We hope I4C maintains its posture as the largest global gathering of market and financial professionals dedicated to climate protection.

You will be speaking at Innovate4Climate. Could you give us a brief outline of what you will be discussing?

I enjoy the exciting position of chairing a session on the growth of carbon pricing around the world. There’s so much happening – I think participants will benefit from hearing about it all in one place. We’ll talk about the EU, China, Korea as well as the US states, Canada and Mexico. We will also explore how these markets will expand to deliver the low carbon future envisioned by world leaders in Paris in 2015 – and where the business opportunities and challenges will appear. I also hope to shine a light on the ways that markets can help generate the climate finance needed for meeting this challenge.

Third, the United Nations is working on rules for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

This will include accounting guidance for energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

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OIL&GAS

Meet the man behind Singapore's 800MW LNG plant Disruptive technology and disruptive business models pose a constant threat to all businesses, including PacificLight. Not only do we have to adopt the latest technology, we also need to constantly review our business processes. We should be brave to adopt out-of-the-box business ideas in order to stay ahead of competition.

What is PacificLight’s biggest plan to date?

We have to create a future-oriented economy, powered by clean energy and green technology.

PacificLight’s CEO Yu Tat Ming shares how his company maintains and innovates Singapore’s first LNG-fired power plant.

Hence, our focuses are:

Singapore-based power generator and electricity retailer PacificLight takes pride in starting up the first power plant in the country to be fired entirely by liquefied natural gas. The 800MW facility, located on Jurong Island, powers over 1,000,000 Singapore households. Asian Power spoke to PacificLight’s CEO Yu Tat Ming to discuss his upcoming plans for the power plant that provides an estimated 9% of Singapore’s total electricity needs. Yu was appointed the company CEO way back in September 2009 and has since been directing the company for eight years now.

1)Efficiency – we constantly strive to improve our infrastructure and boost the efficiency of our power plant, some through adoption of new ideas and equipment, and some just through conscious efforts to reduce wastage. Our plant efficiency is markedly higher than what was achieved at the time we took over the plant from the manufacturer in 2014. Maximising efficiency allows us to produce electricity with the least emissions and at more competitive prices so that consumers can benefit from both a better environment and affordable electricity.

What were the previous positions you held that led you to being the CEO now?

How did these experiences help you be the leader that you are?

2)Safety – safety is a culture; safety means increased productivity. Our emphasis on safety led to PacificLight being awarded the globally-recognised certification, BS OHSAS 18001:2007, as well as the Singapore Standard (SS) 506 Part 1:2009 certification by the Singapore Accreditation Council.

Prior to joining PacificLight, I worked with Senoko Power Ltd for 20 years in various positions, including Vice President, Asset Management – a role in which I oversaw capital project development as well as the operation and maintenance of the Senoko Power Station. While at Senoko I was also responsible for the construction of five generating units as well as a major repowering project.

I have also worked for CLP Holdings Limited, which is one of the largest investorowned power businesses in Asia Pacific.

During my time at CLP, I worked as station manager for the company’s largest coalfired power station.

What are your top three priorities for PacificLight?

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3)Reliability – having a reliable and stable plant is critical to our plant’s operation. This involves proactive inspections on a preventive as well as a predictive basis.

Data analytics play an increasingly important part in our maintenance efforts as we are able to spot failure patterns through critical analysis of failure history of equipment.

What are the biggest challenges PacificLight is currently facing in generation and how do you plan to overcome these?

Singapore is currently brimming with generation capacity, hence our focus is to position ourselves well for the recovery of the market by ensuring that our 800MW plant continues to set the industry benchmark in efficiency and availability, and by fostering close collaboration with business partners beyond the traditional business dealings that leverage each other’s strength. We have implemented a number of initiatives that have established our plant as a benchmark for other plants in terms of both efficiency and availability.

These measures included improving the hydrogen purity of the generator, the installation of a variable speed drive for the feedwater pumps and implementation of a gas compressor bypass. We have worked closely with Siemens, our OEM such that we have extended the interval between major overhaul of the gas turbine.

We have been focusing on projects that increase the plant’s efficiency and reduce our carbon footprint. One key project has resulted in a sizable reduction of 2x850 kW auxiliary power consumption of our feedwater pumps, thereby improving the net generation output and efficiency of each unit. The project was completed last year.

In August 2016, we also implemented a water recovery system that cuts our water consumption by more than half. The accumulative impact of these projects as well as constantly looking to improve our business processes and systems has had a significant impact on our plant efficiency and reliability.

What do you think is Singapore’s biggest energy problem at the moment and how should this be addressed?

The biggest energy challenge facing the world, not just Singapore, is climate change. It is a challenge that demands collective action. As part of international efforts, Singapore has committed to reducing its emissions intensity by 36 per cent from 2005 levels by 2030, and stabilise emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.

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Issue 7 October 2017

OIL&GAS

Forging ties, driving growth; stability through cooperation While the Declaration of Cooperation has been the most concrete manifestation of OPEC’s desire to collaborate with other global energy stakeholders, this has long been an integral aspiration of the organisation. The most recent version of our LongTerm Strategy states, “OPEC will continue to expand and strengthen its dialogue with all producing and consuming countries, as well as regional groups, UN institutions and other energy-related international organisations.”

HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo, Secretary General of OPEC. As government leaders, hydrocarbon experts, analysts and decision makers descend on Abu Dhabi to attend ADIPEC 2017, all of us involved with the oil and gas industry are afforded the opportunity to take stock of developments that have transpired over the last 12 months and discuss what the future has in store.

Undoubtedly, the previous year has not been without its share of challenges; however, it has also been notable for milestone achievements and several new courses chartered. For these reasons, the theme of this year’s ADIPEC, ‘Forging ties, driving growth,’ is particularly pertinent, not only in characterising the year that has just passed but also offering a framework for how we can confront, together as an industry, the challenges that we will inevitably face over the coming months and years.

‘Forging ties’ and enhancing cooperation with a broad range of stakeholders have been themes resonating across OPEC’s work over the last year. OPEC was, and remains, extremely cognisant of the fact that overcoming the challenging market conditions created by an oversupplied market that led to high levels of stocks requires a collective and concerted effort across the industry.

In the second half of 2016, OPEC embarked on far-reaching consultations among OPEC Member Countries and between OPEC and non-OPEC producing nations, as well as with consumers and the broader international community, about the 30

urgency of restoring sustainable oil market stability in a collective manner. These extensive consultations, both formal and informal, across various global capitals, were unparalleled in scope and scale in the history of OPEC. At last year’s ADIPEC, there was a great deal of interest in the landmark decision taken at the 170th (Extraordinary) Meeting of the OPEC Conference in Algiers, on September 28, 2016. Subsequently, this has been complemented by the decision of the 171st Ministerial Conference in Vienna on November 30, 2016 and the Declaration of Cooperation between OPEC and nonOPEC producers of December 10, 2016.

These decisions meant that, for the first time in the history of the industry, 13 OPEC nations and 11 non-OPEC participating countries came together as strategic stakeholders, to seek to stabilise the global oil industry.

The Declaration of Cooperation extended the hand of unity to participating non-OPEC oil producing nations to broaden the platform of voluntary production adjustments. In May of this year, the signatories of the Declaration agreed to extend the production adjustments for a further nine months from July 1, 2017.

The success of the Declaration of Cooperation is paving the way towards a new framework for the permanent and longstanding forging of ties among oil producing countries in the interests of both producers and consumers, including the regular practice of joint research activities.

Such a framework of sustained cooperation between all participating nations is vital given the industry’s growing complexity and inter-connected nature.

The value of such cooperation has been seen in the regular, successful Energy Dialogues which OPEC has with key partners. These aim to encourage an exchange of views on energy issues between oil producers and consumers.

Energy Dialogues have been established between OPEC and the EU, China, Russia and India. Such dialogues are an important highlight in OPEC’s annual calendar of activities.

Therefore, for OPEC, ADIPEC 2017’s theme of ‘forging ties, driving growth’ is not a hollow concept but rather a practical means of achieving our common goals. We all share the same, clear objective: market stability. We now have the framework and guide for working together: the Declaration of Cooperation. This, combined with the spirit of collective unity which I have encountered across the industry over the last year, fills me with confidence and optimism about what 2018 has in store. I would like to conclude by recalling the words of Henry Ford: “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.”

HE Mohammad Sanusi Barkindo of Nigeria began his tenure as Secretary General of the OPEC on 1 August 2016. He has previously been Nigeria’s National Representative, as well as its Governor to OPEC, and in 2006, he was Acting OPEC Secretary General.

From 2009 to 2010, he was Group Managing Director and CEO of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC).

Earlier in his career, he was Special Assistant to former Minister of Petroleum Resources and OPEC Secretary General, HE Dr Rilwanu Lukman KBE. Barkindo has also been leader of Nigeria’s technical delegation to the UN climate change negotiations since 1991. He served as Chair of the Group of 77 and China at the UNFCCC and he was elected to serve three terms as Vice President of the Conference of the Parties.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

OIL&GAS

Promising future for gas in the Middle East Furthermore, oil use in the Middle East is expected to fall as gas’ contribution to the power sector increases from 58 per cent to 67 per cent in 2040. As electricity generated by gas has a considerably lower carbon footprint than other hydrocarbons, the switch from oil to gas in power generation should contribute significantly to reducing CO2 emissions in line with the region’s COP21 pledges.

The role of LNG in the region The Middle East region is seeing a big increase in gas demand but hurdles remain.

Dr. Patrick Allman-Ward is CEO of Dana Gas. Gas is going to play an increasingly important role in the future energy mix and Sharjah-based Dana Gas is well placed to take advantage of gas’ growing role.

Patrick Allman-Ward explained: “We believe that there is a great future for gas in the region and we are well positioned as a company both operationally and geographically to take advantage of that growth in demand both for power generation as well as for petrochemical feedstock.One of the lessons of the last three years is that you should never take anything for granted, least of all continued high oil prices. We have addressed the challenge of operating profitably at significantly lower oil prices through a relentless focus on cost reductions and efficiency gains whilst always maintaining our commitment to the highest levels of asset integrity and HSSE standards.”

Good financial results Dana Gas recently released its Q1 results and Allman-Ward believes the firm had “a good set of financial and operational results.” “We are pleased with our performance over the quarter. Financially, we returned a net profit of US$11 million on gross revenue of $118 million. Our gross profit was up 35 per cent year on year,” he added.

Operationally, Dana Gas output was up 16 per cent year-on-year, close to the firm’s “aspirational target of 70,000 boepd”.

Its Egypt production was over 40,000 boepd, a 24 per cent increase on first 31

quarter 2016. Kurdistan was marginally up to 26,500 boepd. However, in, the UAE production dipped below 2,000 boepd, carrying-on the trend from last year.

“Despite this, it has been an excellent operational performance from the company overall. This has all came about after we achieved significant cost reductions in 2016 to our G&A by 43 per cent and operating expenditure by 7 per cent; with the former down a further 78 per cent and the latter down 23 per cent in the first quarter 2017,” he said.

Impact of COP21 Gas has the potential to play a significant role for Middle Eastern nations to comply with their COP21 commitments in lowering CO2 emissions, according to Allman-Ward.

He highlighted the fact that the Middle East Primary Energy (PE) demand is expected to increase from 14 mmboe/d to 25 mmboe/d in 2040 at a growth rate of 2.2 per cent (more than twice the OECD rate). As fossil fuels are expected to continue to dominate PE demand in 2040, curbing CO2 emissions becomes a key challenge. Middle East CO2 contribution is currently only 5 per cent of global emissions but with forecast PE demand growth through to 2040, Middle East CO2 emissions will significantly increase.

Gas currently contributes 51 per cent of the PE demand of the Middle East and by 2040 gas is expected to contribute 54 per cent in volume terms. Gas consumption is expected to increase from c. 400 bcm pa (2014) to nearly 750 bcm pa in 2040 (close to current US gas demand).

Allman-Ward noted: “The Middle East region has vast gas reserves. However, the development of domestic non-associated gas resources across the region requires the liberalisation of gas prices and the removal of energy subsidies. Inter-country gas flows in Middle East are constrained by political barriers; limited inter-country gas infrastructure and distorted gas pricing. So to meet growing gas demand the Middle East is experiencing the strongest growth in LNG demand in the world (on a relative basis).”

He feels that the emergence of new LNG markets has been enabled by floating regas terminals, increased LNG trading and shorter contract terms. These evolving LNG market dynamics have enabled the emergence of new markets in the MENA region like Egypt, Jordan and Pakistan.

Egypt and Iraq potential Dana Gas sees significant growth potential from its international assets.

“We see growth potential in Egypt and huge upside growth potential in our fields in Kurdistan, which position Dana Gas advantageously as the region moves towards a lower carbon, more gas intensive future,” said Allman-Ward.

On Egypt, he said the firm was doing very well operationally in Egypt.

“We have turned around our production from under 30,000 boepd two years ago to over 40,000 boepd today. We have achieved a very high success rate of 92 per cent on our exploration and development drilling campaign.”

He added: “The successful drilling campaign also resulted in our year-end reserves increasing further to 132 million barrels, representing a 115 per cent production replacement ratio.”

Dana Gas has reached maximum capacity at its El Wastani gas processing plant, according to Allman-Ward.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

OIL&GAS

Managing offshore risk in the Middle East and marine engineers providing innovative solutions to highly technical marine issues.

Using in-house operational simulation and risk management software disruption, delay, utilisation and risk can be effectively determined and managed.

Marine Casualty Investigation, Claims & Litigation With this in mind, ELP’s team of marine master mariners, naval architects, marine engineers and insurance professionals can provide a global response service in investigating the cause, nature and extent of damage due to marine collisions, groundings, pollution and other incidents.

Despite oil prices remaining in the high US$40’s and a limited pickup in offshore activity worldwide, the Middle East is bucking the trend and seeing an increase in offshore activities around the oil and gas sector.

The Middle East was the only market globally to witness an increase in demand in offshore support vessel (OSV) activity in 2016 with a 2.6 per cent rise, according to industry analysts Petrodata.

Furthermore, the region also seems to have been relatively unaffected by offshore drilling activity reductions with jack-up rigs remaining in high demand, according to the Global Jackup Rig Market Report 2016 by industry analysts, Research & Markets.

In addition, commercial shipping activities continue to be on the increase.

Abu Dhabi’s Khalifa Port is just one example of a container port within the region that is set to expand, with plans to increase its annual container throughput to 2.5 million twenty foot equivalent units (TEUs).

Whether in the commercial shipping and ports sectors or the offshore oil and gas industry it is now as important as ever to have a consistent and comprehensive approach to marine risk.

As offshore oil and gas and commercial ports and shipping operations continue to grow within the Middle Eastern region, what is required for the successful alleviation of risk in these sectors?

Specialist marine consultants, loss adjusters and engineers Eagle Lyon Pope (ELP) and its parent company Global Maritime Consultancy will attempt to address these issues in this article.

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A Focus on Ports Firstly, the focus must be on the ports and terminals themselves in order to ensure that all infrastructure is safe, functionally compliant, and conforms to industry guidance and best practices, whilst also being capable of adapting to future requirements.

Areas to consider in reducing risk in ports include effective port master planning; terminal feasibility studies for new developments; port marine safety audits; the provision of port designated persons; liability risk surveys; mooring and analysis; dredging; constructability support.

Port and terminal operators are also required to have in place a contingency plan for marine pollution in order to support the decision making process, thus ensuring an adequate and timely response to such incidents. To this end, ELP can draft and deliver a pollution contingency plan bespoke to the port or terminal requirements.

We are also very conscious that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)’s International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments requires all international vessels to be equipped with a system to clean their ballast water before releasing it into the ocean. This prevents the transfer of alien marine species, such as bacteria and microbes.

A Focus on Shipping As vessel traffic increases and vessels become larger, safety in navigation and marine operations is of paramount importance. ELP employs an experienced team of master mariners, naval architects

As vessels become more sophisticated, analysis of Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Voyage Event Recorder data is also becoming one of the key areas in which ELP can provide assistance to maritime lawyers and insurers.

ELP also provides loss adjusting services covering energy and marine claims, through to cargo claims, damage to ports, terminals, handling equipment, stevedore’s liability losses, personal injury and onshore work that includes power and utility losses, construction and business interruption.

ELP also carries out risk engineering for avariety of insurers and other clients in the Middle East and globally, providing underwriters with the information they need to assess the magnitude of specific risks.

Marine Warranty Services Finally, Marine Warranty Surveys (MWS) are also an important means of managing risk for the insured and insurers.

In another Middle East example, Global Maritime provided MWS for a high-profile offshore concession, which included vessel suitability surveys, third party documentation reviews and the issuing of Certificates of Approval for marine operations and construction activities. As a leading provider of MWS, Global Maritime is constantly re-evaluating the process and procedures to ensure that the expectations of all are met.

Preparing for All Eventualities As the Middle East offshore oil and gas and shipping markets continue to face risks, it’s vital that they are prepared for all eventualities. A consistent and process driven approach to risk, ports, shipping, marine casualties and loss adjusting is a good start.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

OIL&GAS

Flue gas analysis – brilliantly easy: testo 350 – the first flue gas analyzer that thinks ahead data even when the flue gas pipe and the adjustment site are separated, especially helpful for industrial burners, for example.

Measurement data can be transferred from the analyzer box to the control unit. This means the analyzer box can remain at the measurement site for further measurements, and the control unit taken away in order to process the measurement data.

In order to protect the display in measurements over a longer period or during transport to different measurement sites in a system, the control unit can be attached to the analyzer box facedown.

Large colour graphic display with application-specific menu The following measurement objects are available: - Burner - Gas turbine - Engines (Select λ > 1 or λ ≤ 1 regulated industrial engines) User-defined.

Typical fuels, a practicable order of the exhaust gas parameters in the display, the corresponding calculations as well as useful instrument pre-settings, are stored under each of these measurement objects. Examples of these are the activation of the dilution in measurements on λ ≤ 1 regulated industrial engines and gas turbines, or the testing of the relevant gas sensor in the dilution slot.

The advantages of the application-specific menu -Information in the display guides the user through the menu.

-Easy operation without previous knowledge of the instrument -Reduction of the work steps before the start of the measurement.

Analyzer box – industrial standard, robust and reliable The portable flue gas analyzer testo 350 is the ideal tool for In the analyzer box are the gas sensors, the measurement gas professional flue gas analysis. Helpful instrument settings guide and rinsing pumps, the Peltier gas preparation (optional), gas paths, filters, analysis and storage electronics as well as the the user safely through typical measurement tasks such as: mains unit and the Li-ion battery.

- Flue gas analysis in commissioning, setting, optimization or The robust housing has built-in impact protection (specially operational measurements on industrial burners, stationary constructed X-shaped rubber edges), allowing the analyzer box industrial engines, gas turbines and flue gas purification systems. to be used in tough conditions. Downtimes due to dirt in the - Control and monitoring of officially prescribed emission limits in instrument are almost completely eliminated by intelligent design and robustness. Inherently sealed chambers protect the interior exhaust gas. of the instrument from dirt from the surroundings.

- Function testing of stationary emission measuring instruments.

Operation can be carried out with the control unit or in direct - Control and monitoring of defined gas atmospheres in furnace connection with a PC or notebook (USB, Bluetooth® 2.0 oder rooms or kilns in different processes.

CANCase). The analyzer box can, after programming, independently carry out measurements and store measurement Control unit – small and convenient The control unit is the operating and display unit of the testo 350. data.The plug-in connections for the probes and bus cables are It can be removed and equipped as standard with a Li-ion locked by bayonet fittings, and therefore securely connected to rechargeable battery. All settings are carried out using the cursor the analyzer box. This prevents unintentional removal, avoiding button. The presentation of the measurement values takes place false measurements. via the colour graphic display. Thanks to the internal memory, testo 350 – Flue gas measurement at the highest level, measurement data can be transferred from the analyzer box to the control unit. If required by the measurement, several thanks to: analyzer boxes can conveniently be operated and controlled Easily accessible service opening The service opening in the underside of the instrument allows using one control unit very easy access to all relevant service and wearing parts such as pumps and filters, which can then be quickly cleaned and/or The advantages of the testo 350 control unit: Operation of the analyzer box and transfer of the measurement exchanged on site.

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Issue 7 October 2017

OIL&GAS The advantages: - Reduction of instrument unavailability due to service times.

- Cost savings due to instrument maintenance and/or exchange and cleaning of wearing parts by the user.

- Immediate access to all relevant wearing parts

- The instrument can also be safely used in dusty or dirty atmospheres Further advantages...

Diagnosis function â&#x20AC;&#x201C; integrated and intelligent The testo 350 has a number of instrument diagnosis functions.

Error reports are issued in clear text, and are thus easily understandable. The current status of the flue gas analyzer is constantly displayed. This guarantees: - Low downtimes thanks to early warning reports, for example when gas sensors are spent.

- No false measurements due to faulty instrument components.

Easy exchange of the gas sensors The gas sensors are pre-calibrated and can be exchanged, - Better planning of measurement work replaced or extended by further measurement parameters without - More reliability in emission measurement and up-to-date information on the instrument status. test gas â&#x20AC;&#x201C; if necessary directly at the measurement site.

- No more long service times Automatic zeroing of the pressure sensor -Flexible extension of the testo 350 by further gas measurement This option allows volume and mass flow velocity to be measured parameters when applications or regulations change. without supervision over a longer period of time and parallel to the - A report is immediately issued when the NO sensor filter is used up. Then only the filter needs to be changed, and no longer the emission measurement. The pressure sensor is automatically zeroed at regular intervals. This avoids the typical drift of the whole NO sensor. pressure sensor when ambient conditions change.

Automatically monitored condensate trap The automatic monitoring of filling level reports when the Gas sensor zeroing condensate containerneeds to be emptied, and a few minutes after When the instrument is switched on, or manually if needed, the gas the report, the measurement gas pump is automatically stopped. sensors are zeroed with ambient air. In the testo 350, this This provides the highest protection of the analyzer box and the procedure is already completed in 30 seconds. This means that fast availability with tested and zeroed gas sensors is always gas sensors from damage by condensate entry. guaranted.

External cooling loop Closed cooling loops isolate the instrument electronics and GLOBAL â&#x20AC;&#x201C; TEST EOOD sensors from the ambient air. The interior of the instrument is 1408 Sofia, Janko Zabunov str., bl. 3, ent. B, P.O.Box 21 cooled via a heat exchanger and therefore does not come into tel. (02) 953 07 96 ; (02) 953 29 56 contact with dirty or aggressive ambient air. fax (02) 952 51 95 e-mail: office@global-test.eu - Damage to the internal electronics are thus effectively prevented. www.global-test.eu Thermally separated sensor chamber The sensor chamber is thermally separated from the other instrument components. This reduces possible sensor drifts caused by thermal influences. This allows the maximum reliability pf the measuring instrument to be achieved.

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OIL&GAS

Aeroderivative and Heavy Industrial Gas Turbine Engine Parts Parts can be delivered immediately and are shipped 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.

Industrial gas turbine components AP+M meets customer requirements for heavy industrial gas turbine parts by combining an extensive, in-stock heavy IGT inventory with fast access to reliable sourcing partners.

As part of its inventory, the company stocks industrial gas turbine components for gas turbine engines manufactured by GE, Westinghouse and other OEMs. AP+M supplies parts for the following IGT engines: GE Frame 5 AP+M is one of the largest worldwide independent stocking distributors of both heavy-duty and aeroderivative gas turbine parts. We aim to be an integral part of your operations â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a reliable partner in quickly delivering genuine OEM parts for operators, end-users, depots and repair facilities around the world.

We support industrial gas turbine industries through an extensive inventory of more than 10,000 internal and external engine and package parts. To complement our large inventory, we also offer expert OEMapproved repair and overhaul services and technical support with competitive turnaround times to all customers.

Internal and external gas turbine engine parts The company provides internal and external gas turbine engine parts and package parts to worldwide markets, including: Naval propulsion Electrical utility Power generation Oil and gas exploration and transmission AP+M also supplies parts to a variety of gas turbine repair facilities, repair services and technical support.

With its international network, the company is able to procure the right parts for customer projects. Parts can be provided when and where required.

High-quality aeroderivative parts AP+M is committed to providing highquality parts and adheres to the highest standards of quality and service. The 37

company is ISO 9001:2008 certified and its reliablity and service and recognised by repeat customers.

GE Frame 7B/E/EA GE Frame 7FA/+/+e The company provides a comprehensive range of services, including:

AP+M understands the pressures faced by engine owners and operators to reduce operating costs. Therefore, the company is committed to providing all its parts at the most competitive prices.

Fuel system upgrades and Parker OEM fuel nozzles

Aeroderivative component solutions for industrial gas turbine engines

Asset management (comprehensive spare parts management)

With an extensive network of aeroderivative components for industrial gas turbine engines, including those manufactured by GE, Pratt & Whitney and other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), AP+M can meet specific customer needs on time, without compromising.

Component repairs and modifications

The company supplies parts for the following aeroderivative engines:

Technical consulting

Aeroderivative engines for military and commercial operations A range of solutions for aeroderivative engines for military and commercial purposes is also available. AP+M provides parts for: GE LM2500, LM2500+ and Lm6000 Pratt & Whitney GG4 / FT4 (military and industrial) and GG8 / Ft8.

GE LM Series Pratt & Whitney GG4 / FT4 and GG8 / Ft8 As part of AP+M's package, customers receive a comprehensive range of services, including:

Contact Details

Technical consulting

1811 Corporate Drive

Fuel system upgrades, Parker OEM fuel nozzles and fuel nozzle rotable exchanges

Boynton Beach

Parker lube oil scavenge pumps sale, upgrade and rotable exchange

Florida

AP+M

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Asset management (comprehensive spare parts management)

United States of America

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800 998 9844

Start-up consultation

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The company's aeroderivative gas turbine components are competitively priced, have relevant documentation as required and are warranted.

www.apm4parts.com

561 732 6000 561 732 6562

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

MINING

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Dust Suppression Overview Heavy duty dewatering pumps DWK benefits: ¡ High reliability and flexibility pumps with protection features for harsh operation environments ¡ Top-discharge with different connection types available for multiply uses of the pumps, depending on conditions and specific needs ¡ Pumps up to 15 kW have a double mechanical seal and pump from 22 kW to 90 kW have a triple-seal system, for longer operation and less downtime The working range of DWK pumps is up to 430 m3/h flow rate maximum and up to maximum 89 m pressure head maximum.

Dust suppression is an important aspect of mining operations, and to reduce the volume of raw water required, recycled process water from settlement tanks is often used for this purpose. The creation of dust is an unavoidable result of mining operations and can clog pipes and mechanical parts, creating additional maintenance and repairs.

Water spray systems remain the most efficient and cost-effective means of dust control for both process and fugitive dust emissions. A Grundfos pumping solution can move a large amount of water in a short time, making it possible to use a large nozzle configuration and minimise the need for filtration.

Settlement ponds are a cost-effective way of reducing the size and cost of subsequent water treatment by reducing the organic load in the wastewater, by letting gravity remove impurities. The resulting water can be filtered and treated for reuse in the mineral process, or for dust suppression.

Our range of submersible multistage pumps (SP) along with variable speed drives (CUE) is unmatched for well types. State-of-the-art hydraulic design delivers optimum energy efficiency during periods of high demand with high reliability, very long service intervals and low total cost of ownership. Using of variable speed drive ensures more balanced water drawdown, protecting the water source. Grundfos matches the stainless steel build quality of the SP pumps to the groundwater conditions. Depending of the corrosion risk, high grade stainless steel variants are available. Grundfos is a supplier of the pump, motor and controls for an optimal pumping system.

The working range of SP pumps is up to 470 m3/h flow rate maximum and up to 670 m pressure head maximum.

Correct material selection is the most important method of corrosion prevention, prolonging the life span of pumps and pumps systems.

Grundfos can supply the specialist expertise to help meet your performance objectives, from the initial identification of needs, to the selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of the pumping solution. Furthermore, Grundfos tailors commissioning agreements and service agreements to your requirements, and spare parts kits and on-site recommended spare parts can also be arranged.

The Grundfos Hydro MPC range of multistage pressure boosting systems means you can manage your pressure zones with ease for the optimum transporting of water from settlement tanks, for the filling of tanks, and for delivering water to water spray systems. As standard, Hydro MPC booster systems consist of two to six CRI(E) or CR(E) pumps coupled in parallel and mounted on a common base frame with all the necessary fittings and a control cabinet. The working range of Hydro MPC boosting system is up to 720 m3/h flow rate maximum and up to 160 m pressure head maximum.

Solid construction with high-grade materials such as chromium steel and silicon carbide means the Grundfos DW range of dewatering pumps is ideal for pits, for temporary or fixed installation, and offers high-pressure pump performance unhindered by sand or other abrasives. Solid cast iron construction and narrow design characterises the Grundfos DWK range of dewatering pumps, and this range can pump small stones at greater flow than the Grundfos DW range.

www.adara-bg.com Bulgaria, 1784 Sofia jk"Mladost-1', bul. Andrej Saharov, bl. 75A, ap.2 tel.: + 359 2 974-49-38 fax: + 359 2 974-40-38 GSM: +359 889 161 000; +359 878 405 888 office@adara-bg.com

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MINING

Mining with data: How technology is disrupting the sector sampled from a multitude of locations within a single graph. These visualisations can reveal new and unique patterns of occurrence and distribution and patterns of mineral coexistence. Scientists can then see which geological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics are necessary for the mineral appearance. It is then possible to predict what minerals might be missing, as well as where to go to find new sources.

Big data is also helping the physical processes of mining too. Jason Knuth, Product Manager of Analytics & JoySmart Solutions at construction and mining group Komatsu, explains: “Every machine is unique in terms of the challenges they face.

This includes tough operating conditions and variety of materials. It’s why we collect so much data off of our machines.

Big data analysis is an invaluable tool with many companies from finance, logistics and tech harnessing the power of the ’new oil’. Even construction is now finding a way of feeding its bottom line from big data analysis – the act of deciphering data to predict and forecast new items and trends.

Now, big data is being used by scientists to predict the location of new, so-far-unknown minerals and by doing so, is reshaping the entire mining landscape.

Big data in practice Along with a team of scientists, Dr Shaunna Morrison from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington D.C. is working with the US Geological Survey to unearth new mineral deposits. Using big data network analysis, they are assessing what minerals are already in existence and making predictions to discover what else might be out there, and their work has proven very successful - just a couple of weeks ago they found a new type of cobalt.

Large organisations such as Amazon and Netflix apply big data to their market basket analysis to predict consumer habits and now mining companies could be doing the same.

A groundbreaking paper published in the American Mineralogist reports the first application to mineralogy of network theory, which is best known for analysis of e.g. the spread of disease, terrorist networks, or social media.

Many believe that the results could pioneer a way to reveal mineral diversity, evolution and distribution worldwide. “The quest for 48

new mineral deposits is incessant, but until recently mineral discovery has been more a matter of luck than scientific prediction,” says Morrison. "All that may change thanks to big data."

To reap the benefits of big data, organisations need to be cognizant of economic geology. "Without doing these statistics they’re relying on their knowledge and experience,” Morrison explains.

“They’re very familiar with how copper deposits form and the specific environments they form in. They have to be aware of where that environment is, anywhere on the planet. Sometimes that’s not obvious if geological mapping hasn’t been done somewhere. If a huge copper deposit hasn’t been found, it's very likely it's because it hasn't been mapped."

Data challenge This tool generates a tremendous amount of data and creates an issue in terms of accessing quality information, according to Morrison. “There's tonnes of information out there but how do you get that out? And how do you get that in a form that is machine-readable? It's a huge undertaking.

The mineral evolution database, which is what we use for most of our studies, has been assembled over a period of eight years by an army of undergraduates putting this together at the University of Arizona.

So, one of the biggest challenges is certainly acquiring that data.”

The network analysis technique enables scientists to represent data from multiple variables on thousands of minerals,

For Komatsu, this sheer quantity of data is a good thing. “For our engineers and data scientists, there’s never enough data,” Knuth says. “More data means more visibility, more clarity, increased modelling, and increased information. All of that leads to better response times for our customers and a better understanding of equipment needs for future development.

“Data storage is expensive and that can be a concern of course,” he adds, “but Komatsu has a data management strategy that allows us to archive the information at a lower cost, prioritising the most relevant and recent information while still allowing access to archived data.

"Because we are the original equipment manufacturer, we can do increasingly more computing and analytics on our own equipment, and less in the cloud. Getting that computing power closer to the machines helps with data storage and speeds up the flow of information and processing. Ultimately, that is our focus, turning the raw data into useful information and actionable items, and getting that into the right person’s hands in time to improve processes and prevent issues.”

Big data in the future Over the next couple of decades, Knuth envisages machines will become more intelligent, which will tie in with Komatsu's growth. “Machines are going to continue getting smarter with more onboard computing,” he says. “At the same time, automation will continue to advance, allowing for the increased use of remote operation.

energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

MINING

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energyandecology.com

Issue 7 October 2017

ALL THINGS FLOW

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