2000 jeep cherokee service repair manual by 1636527

Welcome to the 2000 Jeept Cherokee Electronic Service Manual

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GROUP TAB LOCATOR IN INa 0 0a 2 3 5 5a 6 6a 7 7a 8A 8B 8Ba 8C 8Ca 8D 8E 8Ea 8F 8G 8H 8Ha 8J 8K 8L 8La 8M

Introduction Introduction Lubrication and Maintenance Lubrication and Maintenance Suspension Differential and Driveline Brakes Brakes Clutch Clutch Cooling System Cooling System Battery Starting System Starting System Charging System Charging System Ignition System Instrument Panel Systems Instrument Panel Systems Audio Systems Horn Systems Vehicle Speed Control System Vehicle Speed Control System Turn Signal and Hazard Warning Systems Wiper and Washer Systems Lamps Lamps Passive Restraint Systems

8N 8O 8P 8Q 8Qa 8R 8S 8T 8U 8V 8W 9 9a 11 11a 13 13a 14 14a 19 19a 21 21a 22 23 24 24a 25 25a

Electrically Heated Systems Power Distribution System Power Lock Systems Vehicle Theft/Security Systems Vehicle Theft/Security Systems Power Seats Systems Power Window Systems Power Mirror Systems Chime/Buzzer Warning Systems Overhead Console Systems Wiring Diagrams Engine Engine Exhaust System Exhaust System Frame and Bumpers Frame and Bumpers Fuel System Fuel System Steering Steering Transmission and Transfer Case Transmission and Transfer Case Tires and Wheels Body Heating and Air Conditioning Heating and Air Conditioning Emission Control Systems Emission Control Systems

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . 1 VEHICLE SAFETY CERTIFICATION LABEL . . . . . . 2 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 FASTENER IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

FASTENER USAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 THREADED HOLE REPAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 METRIC SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TORQUE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate is located on the lower windshield fence near the left A-pillar. The VIN contains 17 characters that provide data concerning the vehicle. Refer to the VIN decoding chart to determine the identification of a vehicle. The Vehicle Identification Number is also imprinted on the: • Body Code Plate.

• Vehicle Safety Certification Label. • Frame rail. To protect the consumer from theft and possible fraud the manufacturer is required to include a Check Digit at the ninth position of the Vehicle Identification Number. The check digit is used by the manufacturer and government agencies to verify the authenticity of the vehicle and official documentation. The formula to use the check digit is not released to the general public.

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DECODING CHART POSITION

INTERPRETATION

CODE = DESCRIPTION

Country of Origin

1 = United States

Make

J = Jeep

Vehicle Type

4 = MPV

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

F = 4001-5000 lbs.

Vehicle Line

F= Cherokee 4X4 (LHD) N = Cherokee 4X4 (RHD) B = Cherokee 4X2 (RHD) T = Cherokee 4X2 (LHD)

Series

2 = SE 6 = Sport/Classic 7 = Limited

Body Style

7 = 2dr Sport Utility 8 = 4dr Sport Utility

Engine

P = 2.5L Gasoline S = 4.0L Gasoline

Check Digit

Model Year

Y=2000

Assembly Plant

L = Toledo #1

12 thru 17

Vehicle Build Sequence

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

VEHICLE SAFETY CERTIFICATION LABEL A vehicle safety certification label (Fig. 1) is attached to every DaimlerChrysler Corporation vehicle. The label certifies that the vehicle conforms to all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. The label also lists: • Month and year of vehicle manufacture. • Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). The gross front and rear axle weight ratings (GAWR’s) are based on a minimum rim size and maximum cold tire inflation pressure. • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). • Type of vehicle. • Type of rear wheels. • Bar code. • Month, Day and Hour (MDH) of final assembly. • Paint and Trim codes. • Country of origin.

The label is located on the driver-side door shutface.

Fig. 1 Vehicle Safety Certification Label—Typical

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION The graphic symbols illustrated in the following International Control and Display Symbols Chart are used to identify various instrument controls. The symbols correspond to the controls and displays that are located on the instrument panel.

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

High Beam

Rear Window Washer

Fog Lamps

Fuel

Headlamp, Parking Lamps, Panel Lamps

Engine Coolant Temperature

Turn Warning

Battery Charging Condition

Hazard Warning

Engine Oil

Windshield Washer

Seat Belt

Windshield Wiper

Brake Failure

Windshield Wiper and Washer

Parking Brake

Windscreen Demisting and Defrosting

Front Hood

Ventilating Fan

Rear hood (Decklid)

Rear Window Defogger

Horn

Rear Window Wiper

Lighter

FASTENER IDENTIFICATION

FASTENER USAGE

DESCRIPTION

WARNING: USE OF AN INCORRECT FASTENER MAY RESULT IN COMPONENT DAMAGE OR PERSONAL INJURY.

GRADE/CLASS IDENTIFICATION The SAE bolt strength grades range from grade 2 to grade 8. The higher the grade number, the greater the bolt strength. Identification is determined by the line marks on the top of each bolt head. The actual bolt strength grade corresponds to the number of line marks plus 2. The most commonly used metric bolt strength classes are 9.8 and 10.9. The metric strength class identification number is imprinted on the head of the bolt. The higher the class number, the greater the bolt strength. Some metric nuts are imprinted with a single-digit strength class on the nut face. Refer to the Fastener Identification and Fastener Strength Charts.

Figure art, specifications and torque references in this Service Manual are identified in metric and SAE format. During any maintenance or repair procedures, it is important to salvage all fasteners (nuts, bolts, etc.) for reassembly. If the fastener is not salvageable, a fastener of equivalent specification must be used.

THREADED HOLE REPAIR Most stripped threaded holes can be repaired using a Helicoilt. Follow the manufactures recommendations for application and repair procedures.

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) FASTENER IDENTIFICATION

INTRODUCTION

XJ DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) FASTENER STRENGTH

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

METRIC SYSTEM

The following chart will assist in converting metric units to equivalent English and SAE units, or vise versa.

DESCRIPTION The metric system is based on quantities of one, ten, one hundred, one thousand and one million.

CONVERSION FORMULAS AND EQUIVALENT VALUES MULTIPLY

TO GET

MULTIPLY

TO GET

in-lbs

x 0.11298

= Newton Meters (N·m)

N·m

x 8.851

= in-lbs

ft-lbs

x 1.3558

= Newton Meters (N·m)

N·m

x 0.7376

= ft-lbs

Inches Hg (60° F)

x 3.377

= Kilopascals (kPa)

kPa

x 0.2961

= Inches Hg

psi

x 6.895

= Kilopascals (kPa)

kPa

x 0.145

= psi

Inches

x 25.4

= Millimeters (mm)

x 0.03937

= Inches

Feet

x 0.3048

= Meters (M)

x 3.281

= Feet

Yards

x 0.9144

= Meters

x 1.0936

= Yards

mph

x 1.6093

= Kilometers/Hr. (Km/h)

Km/h

x 0.6214

= mph

Feet/Sec

x 0.3048

= Meters/Sec (M/S)

M/S

x 3.281

= Feet/Sec

mph

x 0.4470

= Meters/Sec (M/S)

M/S

x 2.237

= mph

Kilometers/ Hr. (Km/h)

x 0.27778

= Meters/Sec (M/S)

M/S

x 3.600

Kilometers/Hr. (Km/h)

COMMON METRIC EQUIVALENTS 1 inch = 25 Millimeters

1 Cubic Inch = 16 Cubic Centimeters

1 Foot = 0.3 Meter

1 Cubic Foot = 0.03 Cubic Meter

1 Yard = 0.9 Meter

1 Cubic Yard = 0.8 Cubic Meter

1 Mile = 1.6 Kilometers Refer to the Metric Conversion Chart to convert torque values listed in metric Newton- meters (N·m). Also, use the chart to convert between millimeters (mm) and inches (in.)

TORQUE REFERENCES DESCRIPTION Individual Torque Charts appear at the end of many Groups. Refer to the Standard Torque Specifi-

cations Chart for torque references not listed in the individual torque charts.

INTRODUCTION

XJ DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) METRIC CONVERSION CHART

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER . . . . . . . . . . 1

E-MARK LABEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 MANUFACTURER PLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DESCRIPTION The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) plate is located on the lower windshield fence near the left A-pillar. The VIN contains 17 characters that provide data concerning the vehicle. Refer to the VIN decoding chart to determine the identification of a vehicle. The Vehicle Identification Number is also imprinted on the:

• Body Code Plate. • Vehicle Safety Certification Label. • Frame rail. To protect the consumer from theft and possible fraud the manufacturer is required to include a Check Digit at the ninth position of the Vehicle Identification Number. The check digit is used by the manufacturer and government agencies to verify the authenticity of the vehicle and official documentation. The formula to use the check digit is not released to the general public.

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER DECODING CHART POSITION

INTERPRETATION

CODE = DESCRIPTION

Country of Origin

1 = United States

Make

J = Jeep

Vehicle Type

4 = MPV

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating

F = 4001-5000 lbs.

Vehicle Line

F = Cherokee 4X4 (LHD) J = Cherokee 4X4 (RHD) EXPORT N = Cherokee 4X4 (RHD) B = Cherokee 4X2 (RHD) T = Cherokee 4X2 (LHD)

Series/Transmission

N = 5 Speed Manual A = 3 Speed Auto B = 4 Speed Auto 4 = Sport 6 = Cherokee Country/Limited 5 = Classic

Body Style

7 = 2dr Sport Utility 8 = 4dr Sport Utility

Engine

M = 2.5L Diesel P = 2.5L Gasoline S = 4.0L Gasoline

Check Digit

Model Year

Y = 2000

Assembly Plant

L = Toledo Assembly#1

12 thru 17

Vehicle Build Sequence

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

E-MARK LABEL

MANUFACTURER PLATE

DESCRIPTION

An E-mark Label (Fig. 1) is located on the rear shut face of the driver’s door. The label contains the following information: • Date of Manufacture • Month-Day-Hour (MDH) • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) • Country Codes • Regulation Number • Regulation Amendment Number • Approval Number

The Manufacturer Plate (Fig. 2) is located in the engine compartment on the radiator closure panel crossmember adjacent to the Body Code Plate. The plate contains five lines of information: 1. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) 2. Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) 3. Gross Train Mass (GTM) 4. Gross Front Axle Rating (GFAR) 5. Gross Rear Axle Rating (GRAR)

Fig. 2 Manufacturer Plate

Fig. 1 E-Mark Label 1 2 3 4

– – – –

Country Code Regulation Number Approval Number Amendment Number

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

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LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS page

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LUBRICANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

JUMP STARTING, TOWING AND HOISTING . . . . . 9

LUBRICANTS TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

SERVICE PROCEDURES PARTS AND LUBRICANT RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SPECIFICATIONS FLUID CAPACITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

SERVICE PROCEDURES PARTS AND LUBRICANT RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS When service is required, DaimlerChrysler Corporation recommends that only Mopart brand parts, lubricants and chemicals be used. Mopar provides the best engineered products for servicing DaimlerChrysler Corporation vehicles.

INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS DaimlerChrysler Corporation uses international symbols to identify engine compartment lubricant and fluid inspection and fill locations (Fig. 1).

CLASSIFICATION OF LUBRICANTS Only lubricants bearing designations defined by the following organization should be used to service a DaimlerChrysler Corporation vehicle. • Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) • American Petroleum Institute (API) (Fig. 2) • National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) (Fig. 3)

Fig. 1 International Symbols

ENGINE OIL SAE VISCOSITY RATING INDICATES ENGINE OIL VISCOSITY An SAE viscosity grade is used to specify the viscosity of engine oil. SAE 30 specifies a single viscosity engine oil. Engine oils also have multiple viscosities. These are specified with a dual SAE viscosity grade which indicates the cold-to-hot temperature viscosity range. • SAE 30 = single grade engine oil. • SAE 10W-30 = multiple grade engine oil. DaimlerChrysler Corporation only recommends multiple grade engine oils.

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LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) API QUALITY CLASSIFICATION This symbol (Fig. 2) on the front of an oil container means that the oil has been certified by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to meet all the lubrication requirements specified by DailmlerChrysler Corporation. Refer to Group 9, Engine for gasoline engine oil specification.

LUBRICANTS AND GREASES Lubricating grease is rated for quality and usage by the NLGI. All approved products have the NLGI symbol (Fig. 3) on the label. At the bottom NLGI symbol is the usage and quality identification letters. Wheel bearing lubricant is identified by the letter “G”. Chassis lubricant is identified by the latter “L”. The letter following the usage letter indicates the quality of the lubricant. The following symbols indicate the highest quality.

Fig. 2 API Symbol GEAR LUBRICANTS SAE ratings also apply to multiple grade gear lubricants. In addition, API classification defines the lubricants usage.

Fig. 3 NLGI Symbol 1 – WHEEL BEARINGS 2 – CHASSIS LUBRICATION 3 – CHASSIS AND WHEEL BEARINGS

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SPECIFICATIONS

MANUAL TRANSMISSION

FLUID CAPACITIES

AX5 (4X2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 AX5 (4X4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 AX15 (4X2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15 AX15 (4X4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.15

FUEL TANK All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 L (20.2 gal.)

L L L L

(3.7 (3.5 (3.3 (3.3

0-3

qts.) qts.) qts.) qts.)

TRANSFER CASE

ENGINE OIL W/FILTER CHANGE 2.5L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 L (4.0 qts.) 4.0L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 L (6.0 qts.)

SELEC-TRAC 242 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 L (2.85 pts.) COMMAND-TRAC 231 . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 L (2.2 pts.)

FRONT AXLE

COOLING SYSTEM 2.5L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 L (10 qts.)* 4.0L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 L (12 qts.)** *Includes 2.2 L (2.3 qts) for coolant recovery reservoir. **Includes 0.9 L (1.0 qt) for coolant recovery reservoir.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION Dry fill capacity* AW4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 L (16.5 pts.) 30RH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.67 L (9.86pts.) *Depending on type and size of internal cooler, length and inside diameter of cooler lines, or use of an auxiliary cooler, these figures may vary. Refer to Group 21, Transmission for proper fluid fill procedure.

181–FBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.48 L (3.13 pts.) 186–FBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.18L (2.5pts.)

REAR AXLE 194–RBI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.66 L (3.5 pts.*) 8-1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.08 L (4.4 pts.**) * When equipped with TRAC-LOK, include 3.5 ounces of Friction Modifier Additive. ** When equipped with TRAC-LOK, include 4 ounces of Friction Modifier Additive.

POWER STEERING Power steering fluid capacities are dependent on engine/chassis options as well as steering gear/cooler options. Depending on type and size of internal cooler, length and inside diameter of cooler lines, or use of an auxiliary cooler, these capacities may vary. Refer to Section 19 of the service manual for proper fill and bleed procedures.

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LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

SERVICE PROCEDURES DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SERVICE PROCEDURES DESCRIPTION Service and maintenance procedures for components and systems listed in Schedule “A” or “B” can be found by using the Group Tab Locator index at the front of this manual. If it is not clear which group contains the information needed, refer to the index at the back of this manual. There are two maintenance schedules that show proper service based on the conditions that the vehicle is subjected to. Schedule “A”, lists scheduled maintenance to be performed when the vehicle is used for general transportation. Schedule “B”, lists maintenance intervals for vehicles that are operated under the conditions listed at the beginning of that schedule section. Use the schedule that best describes the driving conditions. Where time and mileage are listed, follow the interval that occurs first.

UNSCHEDULED INSPECTION At Each Stop For Fuel • Check engine oil level, add as required. • Check windshield washer solvent and add if required. Once A Month • Check tire pressure and look for unusual wear or damage. • Inspect battery and clean and tighten terminals as required. Check electrolyte level and add water as needed. • Check fluid levels of coolant reservoir, power steering, brake master cylinder, and transmission and add as needed. • Check all lights and all other electrical items for correct operation. At Each Oil Change • Inspect exhaust system. • Inspect brake hoses.

• Rotate the tires at each oil change interval shown on Schedule “A” (7,500 miles) or every other interval shown on Schedule “B” (6,000 miles). • Check coolant level, hoses, and clamps. • After completion of off-road operation, the underside of the vehicle should be thoroughly inspected. Examine threaded fasteners for looseness.

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM MAINTENANCE The scheduled emission maintenance listed in bold type on the Maintenance Schedules, must be done at the mileage specified to assure the continued proper functioning of the emission control system. These, and all other maintenance services included in this manual, should be done to provide the best vehicle performance and reliability. More frequent maintenance may be needed for vehicles in severe operating conditions such as dusty areas and very short trip driving.

FLUID FILL LOCATIONS AND LUBRICATION POINTS The fluid fill/check locations and lubrication points are located in each applicable group.

SCHEDULE “A” 7,500 Miles (12 000 km) or at 6 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). 15,000 Miles (24 000 km) or at 12 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 22,500 Miles (36 000 km) or at 18 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only).

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

0-5

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) 30,000 Miles (48 000 km) or at 24 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace air cleaner element. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 37,500 Miles (60 000 km) or at 30 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid. 45,000 Miles (72 000 km) or at 36 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Inspect brake linings. • Flush and replace engine coolant at 36 months, regardless of mileage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 52,500 Miles (84 000 km) or at 42 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Flush and replace engine coolant if not done at 36 months. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). 60,000 Miles (96 000 km) or at 48 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace ignition cables. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 67,500 Miles (108 000 km) or at 54 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). 75,000 Miles (120 000 km) or at 60 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

• Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) or 24 months since last change. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid.

82,500 Miles (133 000 km) or at 66 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) or 24 months since last change. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). 90,000 Miles (144 000 km) or at 72 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 97,500 Miles (156 000 km) or at 78 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). 105,000 Miles (168 000 km) or at 84 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) or 24 months since last change. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 112,500 Miles (180 000 km) or at 90 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect brake linings. • Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) or 24 months since last change. • Lubricate steering linkage (4x4 only). • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid. 120,000 Miles (192 000 km) or at 96 months • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace ignition cables. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary.

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LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. Important: Inspection and service should also be performed any time a malfunction is observed or suspected.

SCHEDULE “B” Follow Schedule “B” if the vehicle is usually operated under one or more of the following conditions. • Frequent short trips driving less than 5 miles (8 km). • Frequent driving in dusty conditions. • Frequent trailer towing. • Extensive idling. • More than 50% of driving is at sustained high speeds during hot weather, above 90°F (32°C). • Off-road driving. • Desert operation.

3,000 Miles (5 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

• Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid.

21,000 Miles (34 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 24,000 Miles (38 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 27,000 Miles (43 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

6,000 Miles (10 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints.

30,000 Miles (48 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints.

9,000 Miles (14 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

33,000 Miles (53 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

12,000 Miles (19 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints.

36,000 Miles (58 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid.

15,000 Miles (24 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect engine air cleaner element, replace as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage.

39,000 Miles (62 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

18,000 Miles (29 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

42,000 Miles (67 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

0-7

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) 45,000 Miles (72 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect engine air cleaner element, replace as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. 48,000 Miles (77 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 51,000 Miles (82 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Flush and replace engine coolant. • Lubricate steering linkage. 54,000 Miles (86 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid. 57,000 Miles (91 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 60,000 Miles (96 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace ignition cables. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 63,000 Miles (101 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage.

66,000 Miles (106 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 69,000 Miles (110 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 72,000 Miles (115 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid. 75,000 Miles (120 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect engine air cleaner element, replace as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. 78,000 Miles (125 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 81,000 Miles (130 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) since last change. • Lubricate steering linkage. 84,000 Miles (134 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints.

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LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) 87,000 Miles (139 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 90,000 Miles (144 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. • Drain and refill manual transmission fluid. 93,000 Miles (149 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 96,000 Miles (154 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 99,000 Miles (158 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 102,000 Miles (163 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 105,000 Miles (168 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Inspect engine air cleaner element, replace as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. 108,000 Miles (173 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter.

• • • • • •

Lubricate steering linkage. Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ Inspect brake linings. Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. Drain and refill manual transmission fluid.

111,000 Miles (178 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Flush and replace engine coolant if it has been 30,000 miles (48 000 km) since last change. • Lubricate steering linkage. 114,000 Miles (182 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. 117,000 Miles (187 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Lubricate steering linkage. 120,000 Miles (192 000 km) • Change engine oil. • Replace engine oil filter. • Replace engine air cleaner element. • Replace ignition cables. • Replace spark plugs. • Inspect drive belt, adjust tension as necessary. • Lubricate steering linkage. • Drain and refill automatic transmission fluid. • Drain and refill transfer case fluid. • Drain and refill front and rear axles.‡ • Inspect brake linings. • Lubricate steering and suspension ball joints. ‡Off-highway operation, trailer towing, taxi, limousine, bus, snow plowing, or other types of commercial service or prolonged operation with heavy loading, especially in hot weather, require front and rear axle service indicated with a ‡ in Schedule “B”. Perform these services if the vehicle is usually operated under these conditions. Important: Inspection and service should also be performed any time a malfunction is observed or suspected.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

0-9

JUMP STARTING, TOWING AND HOISTING TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

SERVICE PROCEDURES JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 TWO-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWING . . . . . . . 10

FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWING . . . . . . 10 EMERGENCY TOW HOOKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

SERVICE PROCEDURES JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE WARNING: REVIEW ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND WARNINGS IN GROUP 8A, BATTERY/STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS. DO NOT JUMP START A FROZEN BATTERY, PERSONAL INJURY CAN RESULT. DO NOT JUMP START WHEN MAINTENANCE FREE BATTERY INDICATOR DOT IS YELLOW OR BRIGHT COLOR. DO NOT JUMP START A VEHICLE WHEN THE BATTERY FLUID IS BELOW THE TOP OF LEAD PLATES. DO NOT ALLOW JUMPER CABLE CLAMPS TO TOUCH EACH OTHER WHEN CONNECTED TO A BOOSTER SOURCE. DO NOT USE OPEN FLAME NEAR BATTERY. REMOVE METALLIC JEWELRY WORN ON HANDS OR WRISTS TO AVOID INJURY BY ACCIDENTAL ARCING OF BATTERY CURRENT. WHEN USING A HIGH OUTPUT BOOSTING DEVICE, DO NOT ALLOW BATTERY VOLTAGE TO EXCEED 16 VOLTS. REFER TO INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDED WITH DEVICE BEING USED.

(2) When using another vehicle as a booster source, turn off all accessories, place gear selector in park or neutral, set park brake and operate engine at 1200 rpm. (3) On disabled vehicle, place gear selector in park or neutral and set park brake. Turn off all accessories. (4) Connect jumper cables to booster battery. RED clamp to positive terminal (+). BLACK clamp to negative terminal (-). DO NOT allow clamps at opposite end of cables to touch, electrical arc will result. Review all warnings in this procedure. (5) On disabled vehicle, connect RED jumper cable clamp to positive (+) terminal. Connect BLACK jumper cable clamp to engine ground as close to the ground cable attaching point as possible (Fig. 1).

CAUTION: When using another vehicle as a booster, do not allow vehicles to touch. Electrical systems can be damaged on either vehicle.

TO JUMP START A DISABLED VEHICLE: (1) Raise hood on disabled vehicle and visually inspect engine compartment for: • Battery cable clamp condition, clean if necessary. • Frozen battery. • Yellow or bright color test indicator, if equipped. • Low battery fluid level. • Generator drive belt condition and tension. • Fuel fumes or leakage, correct if necessary. CAUTION: If the cause of starting problem on disabled vehicle is severe, damage to booster vehicle charging system can result.

Fig. 1 Jumper Cable Connections—Typical 1 – POSITIVE CABLE CONNECTION 2 – BOOSTER BATTERY 3 – NEGATIVE OR GROUND CABLE CONNECTION

0 - 10

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) CAUTION: Do not crank starter motor on disabled vehicle for more than 15 seconds, starter will overheat and could fail. (6) Allow battery in disabled vehicle to charge to at least 12.4 volts (75% charge) before attempting to start engine. If engine does not start within 15 seconds, stop cranking engine and allow starter to cool (15 min.), before cranking again. DISCONNECT CABLE CLAMPS AS FOLLOWS: • Disconnect BLACK cable clamp from engine ground on disabled vehicle. • When using a Booster vehicle, disconnect BLACK cable clamp from battery negative terminal. Disconnect RED cable clamp from battery positive terminal. • Disconnect RED cable clamp from battery positive terminal on disabled vehicle.

TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (WHEEL LIFT) (1) Raise front of vehicle off ground and install tow dollies under front wheels. (2) Attach wheel lift to rear wheels. (3) Place transmission in neutral. (4) Raise vehicle to towing height. (5) Place transmission in park (automatic transmission) or fist gear (manual transmission).

TOWING-FRONT END LIFTED

TWO-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWING

To prevent damage to front fascia components, use only a Wheel-Lift type towing device or Flat-Bed hauling equipment. If using the wheel-lift towing method: (1) Raise rear of vehicle off ground and install tow dollies under rear wheels. (2) Attach wheel lift to front wheels. (3) Place transmission in neutral. (4) Raise vehicle to towing height. (5) Place transmission in park (automatic transmission) or fist gear (manual transmission).

TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (SLING-TYPE)

FOUR-WHEEL-DRIVE VEHICLE TOWING

WARNING: WHEN TOWING A DISABLED VEHICLE AND THE DRIVE WHEELS ARE SECURED IN A WHEEL LIFT OR TOW DOLLIES, ENSURE THE TRANSMISSION IS IN THE PARK POSITION (AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION) OR A FORWARD DRIVE GEAR (MANUAL TRANSMISSION).

DaimlerChrysler Corporation recommends that a 4WD vehicle be transported on a flat bed device. A wheel lift or sling type device can be used provided all wheels are lifted off the ground using tow dollies. If the vehicle is equipped with a factory installed trailer tow package, use a SAE approved wheel lift device.

CAUTION: Do not use steering column lock to secure steering wheel during towing operation. 2WD XJ vehicles can be towed with the front wheels on the surface for extended distances at speeds not exceeding 48 km/h (30 mph). If the vehicle is equipped with a factory installed trailer tow package, use a SAE approved wheel lift device. (1) Attach J-hooks around the axle shaft tube outboard of the shock absorber. (2) Place the sling crossbar under and forward of the bumper. (3) Attach safety chains around the frame rails. (4) Turn the ignition switch to the OFF position to unlock the steering wheel. (5) Secure steering wheel in the straight ahead position with a clamp device designed for towing. (6) Verify that steering components are in good condition. (7) Shift the transmission to NEUTRAL.

TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (SLING TYPE) (1) Raise front of vehicle off ground and install tow dollies under front wheels. (2) Attach J-hooks around rear axle shaft tube outboard of shock absorber. (3) Place sling crossbar under and forward of bumper. (4) Attach safety chains around frame rails. (5) Turn ignition switch to OFF position to unlock steering wheel. (6) Secure steering wheel in the straight ahead position with a clamp device designed for towing. (7) Shift transfer case to neutral.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

0 - 11

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued)

TOWING-REAR END LIFTED (WHEEL LIFT)

FLOOR JACK

(1) Raise front of vehicle off ground and install tow dollies under front wheels. (2) Attach wheel lift to rear wheels. (3) Place transmission in neutral. (4) Raise vehicle to towing height. (5) Place transmission in park (automatic transmission) or first gear (manual transmission).

When properly positioned, a floor jack can be used to lift a Jeep vehicle (Fig. 2) and (Fig. 3). Support the vehicle in the raised position with jack stands at the front and rear ends of the frame rails.

TOWING-FRONT END LIFTED To prevent damage to front fascia components, use only a Wheel-Lift type towing device or Flat-Bed hauling equipment. (1) Raise the rear of the vehicle off the ground and install tow dollies under rear wheels. (2) Attach wheel lift to front wheels. (3) Place transmission in neutral. (4) Raise vehicle to towing height. (5) Place transmission in park (automatic transmission) or first gear (manual transmission).

EMERGENCY TOW HOOKS WARNING: REMAIN AT A SAFE DISTANCE FROM A VEHICLE THAT IS BEING TOWED VIA ITS TOW HOOKS. THE TOW STRAPS/CHAINS COULD BREAK AND CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY. Some Jeep vehicles are equipped with front and rear emergency tow hooks. The tow hooks should be used for EMERGENCY purposes only. CAUTION: DO NOT use emergency tow hooks for tow truck hook-up or highway towing.

HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS Refer to the Ownerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Manual for emergency vehicle lifting procedures.

Fig. 2 Vehicle Lifting Locations

0 - 12

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) CAUTION: Do not attempt to lift a Jeep vehicle with a floor jack positioned under: • • • • • • •

An axle tube. A body side sill. A steering linkage component. A drive shaft. The engine or transmission oil pan. The fuel tank. A front suspension arm.

NOTE: Use the correct sub-frame rail or frame rail lifting locations only.

HOIST A • • •

vehicle can be lifted with: A single-post, frame-contact hoist. A twin-post, chassis hoist. A ramp-type, drive-on hoist.

NOTE: When a frame-contact type hoist is used, verify that the lifting pads are positioned properly.

Fig. 3 Correct Vehicle Lifting Locations 1 – SUB-FRAME RAIL LOCATION 2 – SUB-FRAME RAIL LOCATION

WARNING: THE HOISTING AND JACK LIFTING POINTS PROVIDED ARE FOR A COMPLETE VEHICLE. WHEN A CHASSIS OR DRIVETRAIN COMPONENT IS REMOVED FROM A VEHICLE, THE CENTER OF GRAVITY IS ALTERED MAKING SOME HOISTING CONDITIONS UNSTABLE. PROPERLY SUPPORT OR SECURE VEHICLE TO HOISTING DEVICE WHEN THESE CONDITIONS EXIST.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

0-1

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

LUBRICANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

LUBRICANTS TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

SPECIFICATIONS ENGINE OIL—DIESEL ENGINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

FLUID CAPACITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

SPECIFICATIONS

COOLING SYSTEM

ENGINE OIL—DIESEL ENGINES

2.5L Diesel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.0 L

Use only Diesel Engine Oil meeting standard MIL2104C or API Classification CD or higher or CCML D4, D5.

MANUAL TRANSMISSION

SAE VISCOSITY GRADE CAUTION: Low viscosity oils must have the proper API quality or the CCMC G5 designation. To assure of properly formulated engine oils, it is recommended that SAE Grade 15W-40 engine oils that meet Chrysler material standard MS-6395, be used. European Grade 10W-40 oils are also acceptable. Oils of the SAE 5W-40 or 8W-80 grade number are preferred when minimum temperatures consistently fall below -12°C.

FLUID CAPACITIES FUEL TANK

Recommended lubricant for AX15 transmissions is Mopart 75W–90, API Grade GL–3 gear lubricant, or equivalent. Correct lubricant level is from the bottom edge, to no more than 6 mm (1/4 in.) below the bottom edge of the fill plug hole. Approximate dry fill lubricant capacity is: • 3.10 liters (3.27 qts.) for 4–wheel drive applications. • 3.15 liters (3.32 qts.) for 2–wheel drive applications.

TRANSFER CASE COMMAND-TRAC 231 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 L

FRONT AXLE Model 181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 L

REAR AXLE Diesel Engine Equipped Vehicles . . . . . . . . . 76.4 L

ENGINE OIL 2.5L Diesel Engine (includes filter) . . . . . . . . . 6.8 L Oil Filter Replacement Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 L

Model 194 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 L* 8-1/4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 L** * When equipped with TRAC-LOK, include 4 ounces of Friction Modifier Additive. ** When equipped with TRAC-LOK, include 5 ounces of Friction Modifier Additive.

0-2

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE—DIESEL ENGINE . . . 2 SERVICE PROCEDURES SCHEDULE—A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

SCHEDULE—B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

SERVICE PROCEDURES

MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE—DIESEL ENGINE

SCHEDULE—A

DESCRIPTION

1 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Check all fluid levels. • Check correct torque, intake manifold mounting nuts. • Check correct torque, exhaust manifold mounting nuts. • Check correct torque, turbocharger mounting nuts. • Check correct torque, water manifold bolts.

The following are engine related Maintenance items which are unique to Diesel engine-equipped vehicles. Refer to the 2000 XJ Service Manual for gasoline engine and non-engine related Maintenance Schedules The service intervals are based on odometer readings in kilometers. There are two maintenance schedules that show proper service intervals. Use the schedule that best describes the conditions the vehicle is operated under. Schedule-A lists all the scheduled maintenance to be performed under normal operating conditions. Schedule-B is the schedule for vehicles that are operated under one or more of the following conditions: • Day and night temperatures are below freezing. • Stop and go driving. • Long periods of engine idling. • Driving in dusty conditions. • Short trips of less than 8 kilometers (5 miles). • Operation at sustained high speeds during hot weather above 32°C (90°F). • Taxi, police or delivery service. • Trailer towing.

AT EACH STOP FOR FUEL OR SCHEDULED SERVICE STOP • Check engine oil level. • Check engine coolant level. • Inspect drive belt. • Visually inspect intercooler for obstruction. Clean as necessary. • Visually inspect radiator for obstruction. Clean as necessary. • Inspect for fuel, oil or coolant leaks. • Inspect battery cable connection and excessive corrosion. • Inspect for presence of water in fuel filter/water separator, drain if necessary.

10 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 20 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. 30 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 40 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Replace fuel filter/water separator element.** 50 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 60 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter.

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

XJ SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) • • • •

Replace air filter element. Replace drive belt. Check engine smoke. Replace engine coolant.

1 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Check all fluid levels.

70 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter.

5 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter.

80 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Replace fuel filter/water separator element.**

10 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection.

90 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 100 • • • • •

000 KM Change engine oil. Change engine oil filter. Replace air filter element. Drive belt visual inspection. Check glow plug operation.

EVERY 40 000 KM AFTER 80 000 KM • Replace fuel filter/water separator element.** **The fuel filter/water separator element should be replaced once a year if the vehicle is driven less than 40 000 km annually or if power loss from fuel starvation is detected. EVERY 10 000 KM AFTER 100 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. EVERY 20 000 KM AFTER 100 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Check glow plug operation.

SCHEDULE—B 500 KM • Check nuts. • Check ing nuts. • Check nuts. • Check

correct torque, intake manifold mounting correct torque, exhaust manifold mountcorrect torque, turbocharger mounting correct torque, water manifold bolts.

15 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 20 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. 25 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 30 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Replace drive belt. • Check engine smoke. • Replace engine coolant. 35 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 40 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Replace fuel filter/water separator element. 45 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 50 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection.

0-3

0-4

LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) 55 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 60 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Replace fuel filter/water separator element. 65 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 70 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. 75 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 80 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Replace drive belt. • Check engine smoke. • Replace engine coolant. 85 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter.

90 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. 95 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. 100 • • • • • •

000 KM Change engine oil. Change engine oil filter. Replace air filter element. Drive belt visual inspection. Check glow plug operation. Replace fuel filter/water separator element.

EVERY 5 000 KM AFTER 100 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. EVERY 10 000 KM AFTER 100 000 KM • Change engine oil. • Change engine oil filter. • Replace air filter element. • Drive belt visual inspection. • Check glow plug operation. EVERY 20 000 KM AFTER 100 000 KM • Replace fuel filter/water separator element.

SUSPENSION

2-1

SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 FRONT SUSPENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

REAR SUSPENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

ALIGNMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION WHEEL ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . 3

SERVICE PROCEDURES PRE-ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 SPECIFICATIONS ALIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

OPERATION

WHEEL ALIGNMENT DESCRIPTION Wheel alignment involves the correct positioning of the wheels in relation to the vehicle. The positioning is accomplished through suspension and steering linkage adjustments. An alignment is considered essential for efficient steering, good directional stability and to minimize tire wear. The most important measurements of an alignment are caster, camber and toe position (Fig. 1). CAUTION: Never attempt to modify suspension or steering components by heating or bending. CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the nut to align the cotter pin hole. NOTE: Periodic lubrication of the front suspension/ steering system components may be required. Rubber bushings must never be lubricated. Refer to Group 0, Lubrication And Maintenance for the recommended maintenance schedule.

• CASTER is the forward or rearward tilt of the steering knuckle from vertical. Tilting the top of the knuckle rearward provides positive caster. Tilting the top of the knuckle forward provides negative caster. Caster is a directional stability angle. This angle enables the front wheels to return to a straight ahead position after turns. • CAMBER is the inward or outward tilt of the wheel relative to the center of the vehicle. Tilting the top of the wheel inward provides negative camber. Tilting the top of the wheel outward provides positive camber. Incorrect camber will cause wear on the inside or outside edge of the tire. The angle is not adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced to correct the camber angle. • WHEEL TOE POSITION is the difference between the leading inside edges and trailing inside edges of the front tires. Incorrect wheel toe position is the most common cause of unstable steering and uneven tire wear. The wheel toe position is the final front wheel alignment adjustment. • STEERING AXIS INCLINATION ANGLE is measured in degrees and is the angle that the steering knuckles are tilted. The inclination angle has a fixed relationship with the camber angle. It will not change except when a spindle or ball stud is damaged or bent. The angle is not adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced to correct the steering axis inclination angle.

2-2

SUSPENSION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) • THRUST ANGLE is the angle of the rear axle relative to the centerline of the vehicle. Incorrect thrust angle can cause off-center steering and excessive tire wear. This angle is not adjustable, damaged component(s) must be replaced to correct the thrust angle.

Fig. 1 Wheel Alignment Measurements 1 2 3 4

– – – –

WHEEL CENTERLINE NEGATIVE CAMBER ANGLE PIVOT CENTERLINE SCRUB RADIUS

5 6 7 8

– – – –

TRUE VERTICAL KING PIN VERTICAL POSITIVE CASTER

SUSPENSION

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SUSPENSION AND STEERING SYSTEM CONDITION FRONT END NOISE

EXCESSIVE PLAY IN STEERING

FRONT WHEELS SHIMMY

VEHICLE INSTABILITY

EXCESSIVE STEERING EFFORT

VEHICLE PULLS TO ONE SIDE DURING BRAKING

VEHICLE LEADS OR DRIFTS FROM STRAIGHT AHEAD DIRECTION ON UNCROWNED ROAD

POSSIBLE CAUSES

CORRECTION

1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.

1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.

2. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

2. Tighten or replace components as necessary.

1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.

1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.

2. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

2. Tighten or replace components as necessary.

3. Loose or worn steering gear.

3. Adjust or replace steering gear.

1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.

1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.

2. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

2. Tighten or replace components as necessary.

3. Tires worn or out of balance.

3. Replace or balance tires.

4. Alignment.

4. Align vehicle to specifications.

5. Leaking steering dampener.

5. Replace steering dampener.

1. Loose or worn wheel bearings.

1. Adjust or replace wheel bearings.

2. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

2. Tighten or replace components as necessary.

3. Tire pressure.

3. Adjust tire pressure.

4. Alignment.

4. Align vehicle to specifications.

1. Loose or worn steering gear.

1. Adjust or replace steering gear.

2. Power steering fluid low.

2. Add fluid and repair leak.

3. Column coupler binding.

3. Replace coupler.

4. Tire pressure.

4. Adjust tire pressure.

5. Alignment.

5. Align vehicle to specifications.

1. Uneven tire pressure.

1. Adjust tire pressure.

2. Worn brake components.

2. Repair brakes as necessary.

3. Air in brake line.

3. Repair as necessary.

1. Radial tire lead.

1. Cross front tires.

2. Brakes dragging.

2. Repair brake as necessary.

3. Weak or broken spring.

3. Replace spring.

4. Uneven tire pressure.

4. Adjust tire pressure.

5. Wheel Alignment.

5. Align vehicle.

6. Loose or worn steering or suspension components.

6. Repair as necessary.

7. Cross caster out of spec.

7. Align vehicle.

2-3

2-4

SUSPENSION

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) CONDITION KNOCKING, RATTLING OR SQUEAKING

IMPROPER TRACKING

POSSIBLE CAUSES

CORRECTION

1. Worn shock bushings.

1. Replace shock.

2. Loose, worn or bent steering/ suspension components.

2. Inspect, tighten or replace components as necessary.

3. Shock valve.

3. Replace shock.

1. Loose, worn or bent track bar.

1. Inspect, tighten or replace component as necessary.

2. Loose, worn or bent steering/ suspension components.

2. Inspect, tighten or replace components as necessary.

SERVICE PROCEDURES PRE-ALIGNMENT Before starting wheel alignment, the following inspection and necessary corrections must be completed. Refer to Suspension and Steering System Diagnosis Chart for additional information. (1) Inspect tires for size and tread wear. (2) Set tire air pressure. (3) Inspect front wheel bearings for wear. (4) Inspect front wheels for excessive radial or lateral runout and balance. (5) Inspect ball studs, linkage pivot points and steering gear for looseness, roughness or binding. (6) Inspect suspension components for wear and noise.

NOTE: Changing caster angle will also change the front propeller shaft angle. The propeller shaft angle has priority over caster. Refer to Group 3 Differential & Driveline for additional information.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT Before each alignment reading, the vehicle should be jounced (rear first, then front). Grasp each bumper at the center and jounce the vehicle up and down several times. Always release the bumper in the down position. Set the front end alignment to specifications with the vehicle at its NORMAL RIDE HEIGHT.

Fig. 2 Caster Adjustment 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SHIM 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SUSPENSION ARM

CAMBER The wheel camber angle is preset. This angle is not adjustable and cannot be altered.

CASTER Before checking the caster of the front axle for correct angle, be sure the axle is not bent or twisted. Road test the vehicle, make left and right turns. If the steering wheel returns to the center position unassisted, the caster angle is correct. If steering wheel does not return toward the center position unassisted, an incorrect caster angle is probable. Caster can be adjusted by installing the appropriate size shims (Fig. 2).

TOE POSITION (LHD) NOTE: The wheel toe position adjustment is the final adjustment. The engine must remain running during the entire toe position adjustment. (1) Start the engine and turn wheels both ways before straightening the wheels. Secure the steering wheel with the front wheels in the straight-ahead position. (2) Loosen the adjustment sleeve clamp bolts (Fig. 3). (3) Adjust the right wheel toe position with the drag link. Turn the sleeve until the right wheel is at correct TOE-IN specifications. Position the clamp

SUSPENSION

2-5

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) bolts as shown (Fig. 4) and tighten to 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.). NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change during clamp tightening. (4) Adjust the left wheel toe position with the tie rod. Turn the sleeve until the left wheel is at specifications. Position the clamp bolts as shown (Fig. 4) and tighten to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.). NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change during clamp tightening. (5) Verify the right toe setting and turn off engine. (6) Road test the vehicle on a flat level road to verify the steering wheel is centered. NOTE: Once the toe setting is correct, the steering wheel can be re-centered by adjusting only the drag link.

TOE POSITION (RHD) NOTE: The wheel toe position adjustment is the final adjustment. The engine must remain running during the entire toe position adjustment. (1) Start the engine and turn wheels both ways before straightening the wheels. Secure the steering

Fig. 4 Drag Link and Tie Rod Clamp (LHD) 1 – TIE ROD CLAMP 2 – DRAG LINK CLAMPS

wheel with the front wheels in the straight-ahead position. (2) Loosen the adjustment sleeve clamp bolts (Fig. 5). (3) Adjust the left wheel toe position with the drag link. Turn the sleeve until the left wheel is at the correct TOE-IN specifications. Position the clamp bolts to their original position and tighten to 49 N·m (36 ft. lbs.).

Fig. 3 Steering Linkage (LHD) 1 – PITMAN ARM 2 – ADJUSTMENT SLEEVE 3 – DRAG LINK

4 – TIE ROD 5 – STEERING DAMPENER

2-6

SUSPENSION

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued)

Fig. 5 Steering Linkage (RHD) 4 – TIE ROD 5 – ADJUSTMENT SLEEVE

1 – PITMAN ARM 2 – DRAG LINK 3 – STEERING DAMPNER

NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change during clamp tightening. (4) Adjust the right wheel toe position with the tie rod. Turn the sleeve until the right wheel is at correct TOE-IN specifications. Position the clamp bolts to their original position and tighten to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.).

(5) Verify the right toe setting and turn off engine. (6) Road test the vehicle on a flat level road to verify the steering wheel is centered. NOTE: Once the toe setting is correct, the steering wheel can be re-centered by adjusting only the drag link.

NOTE: Make sure the toe setting does not change during clamp tightening.

SPECIFICATIONS ALIGNMENT NOTE: All alignment specifications are in degrees. ANGLE

PREFERRED

RANGE

MAX RT/LT DIFFERENCE

CASTER

+ 7.0°

+ 5.25° to + 8.5°

1.25°

CAMBER (fixed angle)

− 0.25°

− 0.75° to + 0.5°

1.0°

TOTAL TOE-IN

+ 0.25°

0° to + 0.45°

.05°

THRUST ANGLE 0° 6 0.15°

SUSPENSION

2-7

FRONT SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION SUSPENSION COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHOCK ABSORBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOUNCE BUMPER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COIL SPRINGS AND ISOLATORS . . . . . . . . . . LOWER SUSPENSION ARMS AND BUSHINGS UPPER SUSPENSION ARMS AND BUSHINGS STABILIZER BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRACK BAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUB/BEARING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SHOCK DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION SHOCK ABSORBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

.7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .8 .9 .9 .9

...9

page COIL SPRING/JOUNCE BUMPER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 STEERING KNUCKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 LOWER SUSPENSION ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 UPPER SUSPENSION ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 FRONT AXLE BUSHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 STABILIZER BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 TRACK BAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 HUB BEARING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 WHEEL MOUNTING STUDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SPECIFICATIONS TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 SPECIAL TOOLS FRONT SUSPENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

...9

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION SUSPENSION COMPONENTS The front suspension is a link/coil design (Fig. 1). This suspension is use on Left Hand Drive (LHD) and Right Hand Drive (RHD) vehicles. The suspension is comprised of: • Drive axle (4WD), tube axle (2WD) • Dual-action shock absorbers • Coil springs • Upper and lower suspension arms • Stabilizer bar • Track bar • Jounce bumpers CAUTION: Components attached with a nut and cotter pin must be torqued to specification. Then if the slot in the nut does not line up with the cotter pin hole, tighten nut until it is aligned. Never loosen the nut to align the cotter pin hole.

NOTE: Periodic lubrication of the front suspension/ steering system components may be required. Rubber bushings must never be lubricated. Refer to Group 0, Lubrication And Maintenance for the recommended maintenance schedule.

SHOCK ABSORBERS DESCRIPTION The top of the shock absorbers are bolted to a frame bracket. The bottom of the shocks are bolted to the axle brackets.

OPERATION The shock absorbers dampen jounce and rebound motion of the vehicle over various road conditions and limit suspension rebound travel.

JOUNCE BUMPER DESCRIPTION

CAUTION: Suspension components with rubber/ urethane bushings (except stabilizer bar) should be tightened with the vehicle at normal ride height. It is important to have the springs supporting the weight of the vehicle when the fasteners are torqued. If springs are not at their normal ride position, vehicle ride comfort could be affected and premature bushing wear may occur.

The jounce bumpers are mounted under the frame rail inside of the coil spring.

OPERATION The jounce bumpers are used to limit suspension travel in compression.

2-8

SUSPENSION

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

Fig. 1 Suspension Components (LHD) 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

LINKS SHOCK ABSORBER UPPER SUSPENSION ARM STABILIZER BAR COIL SPRING

COIL SPRINGS AND ISOLATORS DESCRIPTION The coil springs mount up in the wheelhouse which is part of the unitized body bracket. A rubber doughnut isolator is located between the top of the spring and the bracket. The bottom of the spring seats on a axle pad and retained with a clip.

6 7 8 9

– – – –

JOUNCE BUMPER LOWER SUSPENSION ARM TRACK BAR AXLE

OPERATION The arm and bushings provide location and react to loads from the axle. The bushings provide isolation from the axle. The lower suspension arms can be used to adjust caster and pinion angle, through the use of shims at the frame rail bracket.

UPPER SUSPENSION ARMS AND BUSHINGS

OPERATION

DESCRIPTION

The coil springs control ride quality and maintain proper ride height. The isolators provide road noise isolation.

The upper suspension arms are steel and use rubber bushings at each end of the arm. The arms mount to the frame rail bracket and the axle brackets.

LOWER SUSPENSION ARMS AND BUSHINGS DESCRIPTION The lower suspension arms are steel and use bushings at one end of the arm. The arms mount to the frame rail bracket and the axle brackets.

OPERATION The arm and bushings provide location and react to loads from the axle. The bushings provide isolation from the axle.

SUSPENSION

2-9

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

STABILIZER BAR DESCRIPTION The spring steel bar extends across the underside of the chassis frame rails. Links are connected from the bar to the axle brackets. The stabilizer bar and links are isolated by rubber bushings.

OPERATION The stabilizer bar is used to control vehicle body roll during turns. The bar helps to control the vehicle body in relationship to the suspension.

TRACK BAR DESCRIPTION The bar is attached to a frame rail bracket with a ball stud and an axle bracket with a bushing. The bar is forged and has non replaceable isolator bushing and ball stud.

OPERATION The track bar is used to control front axle lateral movement and provides cross car location of the axle assembly.

HUB/BEARING DESCRIPTION The bearing used on the front hub of this vehicle is the combined hub and bearing unit type assembly. This unit assembly combines the front wheel mounting hub (flange) and the front wheel bearing into a one piece unit. The wheel mounting studs are the only replaceable component of the hub/bearing assembly.

OPERATION The hub/bearing assembly is mounted to the steering knuckle and is retained by three mounting bolts accessible from the back of the steering knuckle. The hub/bearing unit is not serviceable and must be replaced as an assembly if the bearing or the hub is determined to be defective.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SHOCK DIAGNOSIS A knocking or rattling noise from a shock absorber may be caused by movement between mounting bushings and metal brackets or attaching components. These noises can usually be stopped by tightening the attaching nuts. If the noise persists, inspect for damaged and worn bushings, and attach-

ing components. Repair as necessary if any of these conditions exist. A squeaking noise from the shock absorber may be caused by the hydraulic valving and may be intermittent. This condition is not repairable and the shock absorber must be replaced. The shock absorbers are not refillable or adjustable. If a malfunction occurs, the shock absorber must be replaced. To test a shock absorber, hold it in an upright position and force the piston in and out of the cylinder four or five times. The action throughout each stroke should be smooth and even. The shock absorber bushings do not require any type of lubrication. Do not attempt to stop bushing noise by lubricating them. Grease and mineral oilbase lubricants will deteriorate the bushing.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION SHOCK ABSORBER REMOVAL (1) Remove the nut, retainer and grommet from the upper stud in the engine compartment (Fig. 2). (2) Remove the lower nuts and bolts from the axle bracket. (3) Remove the shock absorber.

INSTALLATION (1) Position the lower retainer and grommet on the shock stud. Insert the shock absorber through the shock tower hole. (2) Install the lower bolts and nuts. Tighten nuts to 23 NÂˇm (17 ft. lbs.). (3) Install the upper grommet and retainer on the stud. Install the nut and tighten to 22 NÂˇm (16 ft. lbs.).

COIL SPRING/JOUNCE BUMPER REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. Position a hydraulic jack under the axle to support it. (2) Remove the wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Mark and disconnect the front propeller shaft from the axle. (4) Remove lower suspension arms mounting nuts and bolts from the axle (Fig. 2). (5) Remove the stabilizer bar link and shock absorber from the axle. (6) Remove the track bar from the body rail bracket. (7) Remove the drag link from the pitman arm.

2 - 10

SUSPENSION

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 2 Coil Spring & Shock Absorber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

– – – – – – – –

SPRING SCREW SPRING RETAINER NUT RETAINER GROMMET ISOLATOR BUMPER

9 – SPRING 10 – NUT 11 – SCREW 12 – SHOCK ABSORBER 13 – RETAINER 14 – GROMMET 15 – FRAME 16 – CONTROL ARM

STEERING KNUCKLE

(8) Lower the axle until the spring is free from the upper mount. Remove the coil spring clip and remove the spring. (9) Pull jounce bumper out of mount.

For service procedures on the steering knuckle and ball joints refer to Group 3 Differentials And Driveline.

INSTALLATION

LOWER SUSPENSION ARM

(1) Install jounce bumper into mount. (2) Position the coil spring on the axle pad. Install the spring clip and bolt. Tighten bolt to 21 N·m (16 ft. lbs.). (3) Raise the axle into position until the spring seats in the upper mount. (4) Install the stabilizer bar links and shock absorbers to the axle bracket. (5) Install the track bar to the body rail bracket. (6) Install the lower suspension arms to the axle. Install mounting bolts and nuts finger tight. (7) Install the front propeller shaft to the axle. (8) Install the wheel and tire assemblies. (9) Remove the supports and lower the vehicle. (10) Tighten lower suspension arms nuts to 115 N·m (85 ft. lbs.).

REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the lower suspension arm nut and bolt from the axle bracket. (3) Remove the nut and bolt from the rear bracket and remove the lower suspension arm (Fig. 3).

INSTALLATION (1) Position the lower suspension arm at the axle bracket and rear bracket. (2) Install the bolts and finger tighten the nuts. (3) Remove support and lower the vehicle. (4) Tighten the front and rear nuts to 115 N·m (85 ft. lbs.).

SUSPENSION

2 - 11

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (2) Position Spacer 7932-3 over the axle bushing on a 4x2 vehicle and right side on a 4x4 vehicle. (3) Place Receiver 7932-1 over flanged end of the bushing. (Fig. 4). (4) Place small end of Remover/Install 7932-2 against other side of the bushing. (5) Install bolt 7604 through remover, bushing and receiver. (6) Install Long Nut 7603 and tighten nut too pull bushing out of the axle bracket.

Fig. 3 Upper and Lower Suspension Arms 1 – BOLT 2 – UPPER ARM 3 – NUT 4 – BOLT 5 – NUT 6 – FRAME RAIL 7 – LOWER ARM 8 – NUT 9 – BOLT 10 – NUT

UPPER SUSPENSION ARM REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the upper suspension arm nut and bolt at the axle bracket. (3) Remove the nut and bolt at the frame rail and remove the upper suspension arm (Fig. 3).

INSTALLATION (1) Position the upper suspension arm at the axle and frame rail. (2) Install the bolts and finger tighten the nuts. (3) Remove the supports and lower the vehicle. (4) Tighten the nut at the axle to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.). Tighten the nut at the frame bracket to 90 N·m (66 ft. lbs.).

FRONT AXLE BUSHING REMOVAL (1) Remove the upper suspension arm from axle.

Fig. 4 Bushing Removal 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

RECEIVER AXLE BRACKET BOLT REMOVER/INSTALLER LONG NUT

(7) Remove nut, bolt, receiver, remover and bushing. NOTE: On 4x2 vehicle and right side of 4x4 vehicle, leave Spacer 7932-3 in position for bushing installation.

INSTALLATION (1) Place Receiver 7932-1 on the other side of the axle bracket. (2) Position new bushing up to the axle bracket., and large end of Remover/Install 7932-2 against the bushing (Fig. 5). (3) Install bolt 7604 through receiver, bushing and installer. (4) Install Long Nut 7603 and tighten nut to draw the bushing into the axle bracket. (5) Remove tools and install the upper suspension arm.

2 - 12

SUSPENSION

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 5 Bushing Installation 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

REMOVER/INSTALLER AXLE BRACKET BOLT RECEIVER LONG NUT

Fig. 6 Stabilizer Bar (LHD)

STABILIZER BAR REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove nuts, retainers and grommets from the links at the stabilizer bar (Fig. 6). (3) Remove the links mounting nuts and bolts from the axle brackets. (4) Remove the stabilizer bar clamps from the body rails. Remove the stabilizer bar.

INSTALLATION (1) Inspect stabilizer bar bushings. Replace bushings if cracked, cut, distorted, or worn. (2) Position the stabilizer bar on the body rail and install the bushings and clamps. Ensure the bar is centered with equal spacing on both sides. Tighten the bolts to 75 N·m (40 ft. lbs.). (3) Install the links and grommets onto the stabilizer bar and axle brackets. (4) Tighten the link nuts at the axle bracket to 95 N·m (70 ft. lbs.). (5) Tighten the link nuts at the stabilizer bar to 36 N·m (27 ft. lbs.). (6) Remove the supports and lower the vehicle.

TRACK BAR REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the cotter pin and nut from the ball stud end at the body rail bracket. (3) Use a universal puller tool to separate the ball stud from the frame rail bracket.

1 2 3 4 5 6

– – – – – –

RETAINER GROMMET BUSHING CLAMP STABILIZER BAR LINK

(4) Remove the bolt and flag nut from the axle shaft tube bracket (Fig. 7). (5) Remove the track bar.

INSTALLATION (1) Install the track bar at axle tube bracket. Loosely install the retaining bolt and flag nut. (2) It may be necessary to pry the axle assembly over to install the track bar at the body rail. Install track bar at the body rail bracket. Install the retaining nut on the stud. (3) Remove the supports and lower the vehicle. (4) Tighten the retaining bolt at the axle shaft tube bracket to 54 N·m (40 ft. lbs.). (5) Tighten the ball stud nut to 81 N·m (60 ft. lbs.). Install a new cotter pin.

HUB BEARING REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the wheel and tire assembly. (3) Remove the brake caliper, rotor and ABS wheel speed sensor, refer to Group 5 Brakes. (4) Remove the cotter pin, nut retainer and axle hub nut (Fig. 8).

SUSPENSION

2 - 13

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (2) Install the hub bearing to knuckle bolts and tighten to 102 N·m (75 ft. lbs.). (3) Install the hub washer and nut. Tighten the hub nut to 237 N·m (175 ft. lbs.). Install the nut retainer and a new cotter pin. (4) Install the brake rotor, caliper and ABS wheel speed sensor, refer to Group 5 Brakes. (5) Install the wheel and tire assembly. (6) Remove support and lower the vehicle.

WHEEL MOUNTING STUDS CAUTION: Do not use a hammer to remove wheel studs.

REMOVAL

Fig. 7 Track Bar (LHD) 1 – NUT 2 – SUPPORT BRACKET 3 – LEFT FRAME RAIL 4 – STUD 5 – SCREW 6 – COTTER PIN 7 – NUT 8 – FRAME BRACKET 9 – NUT PLATE 10 – TRACK BAR 11 – BALL STUD END 12 – NUT

(5) Remove the hub bearing mounting bolts from the back of the steering knuckle. Remove hub bearing from the steering knuckle and off the axle shaft.

INSTALLATION (1) Install the hub bearing and brake dust shield to the knuckle.

(1) Raise and support vehicle. (2) Remove wheel and tire assembly. (3) Remove brake caliper, caliper adapter and rotor, refer to Group 5 Brakes for procedure. (4) Remove stud from hub with Remover C-4150A (Fig. 9).

INSTALLATION (1) Install new stud into hub flange. (2) Install three washers onto stud, then install lug nut with the flat side of the nut against the washers. (3) Tighten lug nut until the stud is pulled into the hub flange. Verify that the stud is properly seated into the flange. (4) Remove lug nut and washers. (5) Install the brake rotor, caliper adapter, and caliper, refer to Group 5 Brakes for procedure. (6) Install wheel and tire assembly, use new lug nut on stud or studs that were replaced. (7) Remove support and lower vehicle.

2 - 14

SUSPENSION

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 8 Hub Bearing & Knuckle 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

BRAKE SHIELD WASHER RETAINER COTTER PIN NUT

6 7 8 9

– – – –

HUB AND BEARING ASSEMBLY STEERING KNUCKLE BOLT TONE WHEEL (ABS)

SPECIFICATIONS TORQUE CHART

Fig. 9 Wheel Stud Removal 1 – REMOVER 2 – WHEEL STUD

DESCRIPTION Shock Absorber Upper Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Lower Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Suspension Arm Upper Front Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Rear Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Suspension Arm Lower Front Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Rear Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Stabilizer Bar Clamp Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Link Upper Nut . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Link Lower Nut . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Track Bar Ball Stud Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Axle Bracket Bolt . . . . . . . . . . 54

TORQUE N·m (16 ft. lbs.) N·m (17 ft. lbs.) N·m (55 ft. lbs.) N·m (66 ft. lbs.) N·m (85 ft. lbs.) N·m (85 ft. lbs.) N·m (40 ft. lbs.) N·m (27 ft. lbs.) N·m (70 ft. lbs.) N·m (60 ft. lbs.) N·m (40 ft. lbs.)

SUSPENSION

XJ SPECIFICATIONS (Continued) DESCRIPTION TORQUE Track Bar Bracket Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 N·m (92 ft. lbs.) Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 N·m (74 ft. lbs.) Support Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 N·m (31 ft. lbs.) Hub/Bearing Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 N·m (75 ft. lbs.) Axle Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 N·m (175 ft. lbs.)

SPECIAL TOOLS

Nut, Long 7603

FRONT SUSPENSION

Bolt, Special 7604

Remover/Installer Suspension Bushing 7932

Remover C-4150A

2 - 15

2 - 16

SUSPENSION

REAR SUSPENSION TABLE OF CONTENTS page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION SUSPENSION COMPONENT . . . . SHOCK ABSORBERS . . . . . . . . . JOUNCE BUMPERS. . . . . . . . . . . STABILIZER BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . COIL SPRINGS AND ISOLATORS DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SPRING AND SHOCK . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. 16 . 16 . 16 . 16 . 16

page REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION SHOCK ABSORBER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STABILIZER BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEAF SPRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEAF SPRING AND SHACKLE BUSHING. SPECIFICATIONS TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

. 17 . 17 . 18 . 18

. . . . . . 19

. . . . . . . . . . . . 17

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

OPERATION

SUSPENSION COMPONENT

The shock absorbers dampen jounce and rebound motion of the vehicle over various road conditions and limit suspension rebound travel.

The rear suspension is comprised of: • Shock Absorbers • Jounce Bumpers • Stabilizer Bar (optional) • Leaf Springs • Drive Axle CAUTION: A vehicle should always be loaded so the vehicle weight center-line is located immediately forward of the rear axle. Correct vehicle loading provides proper front tire-to-road contact. This results in maximum vehicle handling stability and safety. Incorrect vehicle weight distribution can cause excessive tire tread wear, spring fatigue or failure, and erratic steering. CAUTION: Suspension components with rubber/ urethane bushings (except stabilizer bar) should be tightened with the vehicle at normal ride height. It is important to have the springs supporting the weight of the vehicle when the fasteners are torqued. If springs are not at their normal ride position, vehicle ride comfort could be affected and premature bushing wear may occur.

JOUNCE BUMPERS DESCRIPTION The jounce bumpers are bolted to the bottom of the frame rail.

OPERATION The jounce bumpers are used to limit suspension travel in compression.

STABILIZER BAR DESCRIPTION The spring steel bar extends across the axle and mounts to leaf spring brackets. Links are connected from the bar to the underside of the frame rail. The stabilizer bar and links are isolated by rubber bushings.

OPERATION The stabilizer bar is used to control vehicle body roll during turns. The bar helps to control the vehicle body in relationship to the suspension.

SHOCK ABSORBERS

COIL SPRINGS AND ISOLATORS

DESCRIPTION

The top of the shock absorbers are bolted to the body crossmember. The bottom of the shocks are bolted to the axle brackets.

The front of the multi-leaf springs mount to frame rail brackets. The rear of the spring mounts to shackles which mount the frame. The springs and shackles have bushing at the mounting points.

SUSPENSION

2 - 17

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

OPERATION The leaf springs control ride quality and maintain proper ride height. The shackles allow the springs to change their length as the vehicle moves over various road conditions. The bushings are used to isolate axle/road noise.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING SPRING AND SHOCK A knocking or rattling noise from a shock absorber may be caused by movement between mounting bushings and metal brackets or attaching components. These noises can usually be stopped by tightening the attaching nuts. If the noise persists, inspect for damaged and worn bushings, and attaching components. Repair as necessary if any of these conditions exist. A squeaking noise from the shock absorber may be caused by the hydraulic valving and may be intermit-

tent. This condition is not repairable and the shock absorber must be replaced. The shock absorbers are not refillable or adjustable. If a malfunction occurs, the shock absorber must be replaced. To test a shock absorber, hold it in an upright position and force the piston in and out of the cylinder four or five times. The action throughout each stroke should be smooth and even. The spring eye and shock absorber bushings do not require any type of lubrication. Do not attempt to stop spring bushing noise by lubricating them. Grease and mineral oil-base lubricants will deteriorate the bushing rubber. If the vehicle is used for severe, off-road operation, the springs should be examined periodically. Check for broken and shifted leafs, loose and missing clips, and broken center bolts. Refer to Spring and Shock Absorber Diagnosis chart for additional information.

SPRING AND SHOCK ABSORBER CONDITION SPRING SAGS

SPRING NOISE

SHOCK NOISE

POSSIBLE CAUSES

CORRECTION

1. Broken leaf.

1. Replace spring.

2. Spring fatigue.

2. Replace spring.

1. Loose spring clamp bolts.

1. Tighten to specification.

2. Worn bushings.

2. Replace bushings.

3. Worn or missing spring tip inserts.

3. Replace spring tip inserts.

1. Loose mounting fastener.

1. Tighten to specification.

2. Worn bushings.

2. Replace shock.

3. Leaking shock.

3. Replace shock.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

STABILIZER BAR

SHOCK ABSORBER

REMOVAL

REMOVAL (1) Remove the shock absorber upper bolts from the body bracket (Fig. 1). (2) Remove lower attaching nut and washer from the bracket stud. Remove the shock absorber.

INSTALLATION (1) Install the shock absorber lower eye on the spring bracket stud. Install the shock absorber and upper bolts on the body bracket. (2) Tighten the lower nut to 62 N路m (46 ft. lbs.). (3) Tighten the upper bolts to 23 N路m (17 ft. lbs.).

(1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Disconnect stabilizer bar links from spring brackets (Fig. 2). (3) Disconnect the stabilizer bar brackets from the body rails. Remove the stabilizer bar and links.

INSTALLATION (1) Position the stabilizer bar links at the spring brackets. Install the attaching bolts and nuts and tighten to 74 N路m (55 ft. lbs.). (2) Attach the stabilizer bar to the body rail brackets with the bolts. Tighten to 54 N路m (40 ft. lbs.). (3) Remove the supports and lower the vehicle.

2 - 18

SUSPENSION

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 1 Rear Suspension Components 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

– – – – – – –

SHOCK ABSORBER SPRING BRACKET NUT BUSHING BUMPER BRACKET NUT

LEAF SPRING REMOVAL (1) Raise vehicle at body rails. (2) Remove the wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Support axle with hydraulic jack to relieve axle weight. (4) Disconnect the stabilizer bar link from the spring bracket stud. (5) Remove nuts, U-bolts and spring bracket from axle. (6) Remove nut and bolt attaching spring front eye to shackle. (7) Remove nut and bolt from spring rear eye. (8) Remove spring from vehicle.

INSTALLATION (1) Position the spring front eye in the bracket. Loosely install the attaching bolt and nut. Do not tighten at this time.

8 – RETAINER 9 – SHOCK ABSORBER 10 – SPRING 11 – U-BOLTS 12 – BUSHING 13 – SHACKLE

(2) Position the rear eye in the shackle bracket. Loosely install the attaching bolt and nut. Do not tighten at this time. (3) Position the axle. Install the spring bracket, U-bolts and nuts. Tighten the nuts to 70 N·m (52 ft. lbs.). (4) Connect the stabilizer bar link to the spring bracket. (5) Remove the hydraulic jack. (6) Lower the vehicle. (7) Tighten the spring front eye attaching bolts to 156 N·m (115 ft. lbs.). (8) Tighten the spring rear eye attaching bolts to 108 N·m (80 ft. lbs.). (9) Tighten the stabilizer bar link to 74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.).

LEAF SPRING AND SHACKLE BUSHING For front bushings bend tabs DOWN before removal. Use an appropriate driver tool and force the original bushing out of the spring eye.

SUSPENSION

2 - 19

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 2 Stabilizer Bar 1 – LINK 2 – BUSHING 3 – GROMMET 4 – FRAME RAIL 5 – CLAMP 6 – SCREW 7 – NUT 8 – SPRING BRACKET 9 – BOLT 10 – SWAY BAR 11 – SCREW

(1) Assemble tools shown (Fig. 3). Tighten nut at the socket wrench end of the threaded rod until the bushing is forced out. (2) Assemble and align the bushing installation tools. (3) Align the bushing with the spring eye or shackle eye and tighten the nut at the socket wrench end of the threaded rod. Tighten until the bushing is forced into the spring eye. NOTE: The bushing must be centered in the spring eye. The ends of the bushing must be flush or slightly recessed within the end surfaces of the spring eye. (4) For front bushings bend tabs up after installation.

Fig. 3 Spring Eye Bushing Removal 1 – NUT 2 – PIPE (RECEIVER) 3 – SPRING EYE 4 – NUT 5 – THREADED ROD 6 – FLAT WASHER 7 – SOCKET WRENCH (DRIVER)

SPECIFICATIONS TORQUE CHART DESCRIPTION TORQUE Shock Absorber Upper Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 N·m (17 ft. lbs.) Lower Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 N·m (46 ft. lbs.) Stabilizer Bar Clamp Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 N·m (40 ft. lbs.) Link Upper Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . 12 N·m (9 ft. lbs.) Link Lower Nut . . . . . . . . . . . 74 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) Spring U-Bolt Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 N·m (52 ft. lbs.) Front Pivot Bolt . . . . . . . . . 156 N·m (115 ft. lbs.) Upper Shackle Bolt . . . . . . 156 N·m (115 ft. lbs.) Lower Shackle Bolt . . . . . . . 108 N·m (80 ft. lbs.)

DIFFERENTIAL AND DRIVELINE

3-1

DIFFERENTIAL AND DRIVELINE TABLE OF CONTENTS page

page

PROPELLER SHAFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

194 RBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 8 1/4 REAR AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

PROPELLER SHAFTS TABLE OF CONTENTS page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION PROPELLER SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPELLER SHAFT JOINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPELLER SHAFT JOINT ANGLE . . . . . . . . . DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING VIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UNBALANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RUNOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SERVICE PROCEDURES DRIVELINE ANGLE MEASUREMENT PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROPELLER SHAFT ANGLE MEASUREMENT. REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION FRONT PROPELLER SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

...1 ...2 ...3 ...4 ...5 ...5

...6 ...6

page REAR PROPELLER SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY SINGLE CARDAN UNIVERSAL JOINT . . . . . . . . . . 9 DOUBLE CARDAN JOINT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 CLEANING AND INSPECTION PROPELLER SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ADJUSTMENTS REAR AXLE PINION INPUT ANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . 15 FRONT AXLE PINION INPUT ANGLE . . . . . . . . . . 15 SPECIFICATIONS PROPELLER SHAFTS AND Uâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;JOINTS. . . . . . . . . 15 SPECIAL TOOLS PROPELLER SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

...8

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION PROPELLER SHAFT DESCRIPTION A propeller shaft (Fig. 2) is the shaft which connects the transmission/transfer case to the axle differential. This is the link through which the engine power is transmitted to the axle. The propeller shaft is designed and built with the yoke lugs in line with each other which is called zero phasing. This design produces the smoothest running condition, an out-of-phase shaft can cause a vibration. Tubular propeller shafts are balanced by the manufacturer with weights spot welded to the tube. PRECAUTIONS Use the exact replacement parts when installing the propeller shafts. The use of the correct replace-

ment parts helps to ensure safe operation. All fasteners must be torqued to the specified values for safe operation. Also make alignment reference marks (Fig. 1) on the propeller shaft yoke and axle, or transmission, yoke prior to servicing. This helps to eliminate possible vibration. CAUTION: Do not allow the propeller shaft to drop or hang from any propeller shaft joint during removal. Attach the propeller shaft to the vehicle underside with wire to prevent damage to the joints.

OPERATION The propeller shaft must operate through constantly changing relative angles between the transmission and axle when going over various road surfaces. It must also be capable of changing length while transmitting torque. The axle rides suspended by springs in a floating motion.This is accomplished through universal joints, which permit the propeller

3-2

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) Before undercoating a vehicle, the propeller shaft and the U-joints should be covered to prevent an out-of-balance condition and driveline vibration. CAUTION: Use original equipment replacement parts for attaching the propeller shafts. The specified torque must always be applied when tightening the fasteners.

PROPELLER SHAFT JOINTS DESCRIPTION

Fig. 1 Reference Marks on Yokes 1 – REFERENCE MARKS

shaft to operate at different angles. The slip joints (or yokes) permit contraction or expansion (Fig. 2).

Two different types of propeller shaft joints are used: • Single cardan universal joint (Fig. 3) • Double cardan (CV) universal joint (Fig. 4) None of the universal joints are serviceable. If one becomes worn or damaged, the complete universal joint assembly must be replaced.

Fig. 2 Propeller Shafts 1 2 3 4

– – – –

FRONT AXLE FRONT PROPELLER SHAFT TRANSFER CASE BOOT

5 6 7 8

– – – –

REAR AXLE STRAP REAR PROPELLER SHAFT STRAP

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3-3

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

PROPELLER SHAFT JOINT ANGLE DESCRIPTION When two shafts come together at a common joint, the bend that is formed is called the operating angle. The larger the angle, the larger the amount of angular acceleration and deceleration of the joint. This speeding up and slowing down of the joint must be cancelled to produce a smooth power flow.

OPERATION

Fig. 3 Single Cardan Universal Joint 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

NEEDLE BEARING BEARING CAP SEAL SPIDER NEEDLE BEARING

6 7 8 9

– – – –

BEARING CAP RETAINING CLIP YOKE SEAL

This cancellation is done through the phasing of a propeller shaft and ensuring that the proper propeller shaft joint working angles are maintained. A propeller shaft is properly phased when the yoke ends are in the same plane, or in line. A twisted shaft will make the yokes out of phase and cause a noticeable vibration. When taking propeller shaft joint angle measurements, or checking the phasing, of two piece shafts, consider each shaft separately. Ideally the driveline system should have; • Angles that are equal or opposite within 1 degree of each other. • Have a 3 degree maximum operating angle. • Have at least a 1/2 degree continuous operating (propeller shaft) angle.

Fig. 4 Double Cardan (CV) Universal Joint

3-4

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued) Propeller shaft speed (rpm) is the main factor in determining the maximum allowable operating angle. As a guide to the maximum normal operating angles refer to (Fig. 5). PROPELLER SHAFT

MAX. NORMAL

R.P.M.

OPERATING ANGLES

5000

3°

4500

3°

4000

4°

3500

5°

3000

5°

2500

7°

2000

8°

1500

11°

Fig. 5 Maximum Angles And Propeller Shaft Speed

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING VIBRATION Tires that are out-of-round, or wheels that are unbalanced, will cause a low frequency vibration. Refer to Group 22, Tires and Wheels, for additional information. Brake drums that are unbalanced will cause a harsh, low frequency vibration. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for additional information. Driveline vibration can also result from loose or damaged engine mounts. Refer to Group 9, Engines, for additional information. Propeller shaft vibration increases as the vehicle speed is increased. A vibration that occurs within a specific speed range is not usually caused by a propeller shaft being unbalanced. Defective universal joints, or an incorrect propeller shaft angle, are usually the cause of such a vibration.

DRIVELINE VIBRATION Drive Condition Propeller Shaft Noise

Universal Joint Noise

Possible Cause

Correction

1) Undercoating or other foreign material on shaft.

1) Clean exterior of shaft and wash with solvent.

2) Loose U-joint clamp screws.

2) Install new clamps and screws and tighten to proper torque.

3) Loose or bent U-joint yoke or excessive runout.

3) Install new yoke.

4) Incorrect driveline angularity.

4) Measure and correct driveline angles.

5) Rear spring center bolt not in seat.

5) Loosen spring u-bolts and seat center bolt.

6) Worn U-joint bearings.

6) Install new U-joint.

7) Propeller shaft damaged or out of balance.

7) Installl new propeller shaft.

8) Broken rear spring.

8) Install new rear spring.

9) Excessive runout or unbalanced condition.

9) Re-index propeller shaft, test, and evaluate.

10) Excessive drive pinion gear shaft runout.

10) Re-index propeller shaft and evaluate.

11) Excessive axle yoke deflection.

11) Inspect and replace yoke if necessary.

12) Excessive transfer case runout.

12) Inspect and repair as necessary.

1) Loose U-joint clamp screws.

1) Install new clamps and screws and tighten to proper torque.

2) Lack of lubrication.

2) Replace as U-joints as necessary.

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3-5

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

UNBALANCE NOTE: Removing and re-indexing the propeller shaft 180° relative to the yoke may eliminate some vibrations. If propeller shaft is suspected of being unbalanced, it can be verified with the following procedure: (1) Raise the vehicle. (2) Clean all the foreign material from the propeller shaft and the universal joints. (3) Inspect the propeller shaft for missing balance weights, broken welds, and bent areas. If the propeller shaft is bent, it must be replaced. (4) Inspect the universal joints to ensure that they are not worn, are properly installed, and are correctly aligned with the shaft. (5) Check the universal joint clamp screws torque. (6) Remove the wheels and tires. Install the wheel lug nuts to retain the brake drums or rotors. (7) Mark and number the shaft six inches from the yoke end at four positions 90° apart. (8) Run and accelerate the vehicle until vibration occurs. Note the intensity and speed the vibration occurred. Stop the engine. (9) Install a screw clamp at position 1 (Fig. 6).

Fig. 7 Two Clamp Screws At The Same Position (13) If the additional clamp causes an additional vibration, separate the clamps (1/4 inch above and below the mark). Repeat the vibration test (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 Clamp Screws Separated 1 – 1⁄2 INCH

Fig. 6 Clamp Screw At Position 1 1 – CLAMP 2 – SCREWDRIVER

(14) Increase distance between the clamp screws and repeat the test until the amount of vibration is at the lowest level. Bend the slack end of the clamps so the screws will not loosen. (15) If the vibration remains unacceptable, apply the same steps to the front end of the propeller shaft. (16) Install the wheel and tires. Lower the vehicle.

RUNOUT (10) Start the engine and re-check for vibration. If there is little or no change in vibration, move the clamp to one of the other three positions. Repeat the vibration test. (11) If there is no difference in vibration at the other positions, the source of the vibration may not be propeller shaft. (12) If the vibration decreased, install a second clamp (Fig. 7) and repeat the test.

(1) Remove dirt, rust, paint, and undercoating from the propeller shaft surface where the dial indicator will contact the shaft. (2) The dial indicator must be installed perpendicular to the shaft surface. (3) Measure runout at the center and ends of the shaft sufficiently far away from weld areas to ensure that the effects of the weld process will not enter into the measurements.

3-6

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) (4) Refer to Runout Specifications chart. (5) If the propeller shaft runout is out of specification, remove the propeller shaft, index the shaft 180°, and re-install the propeller shaft. Measure shaft runout again. (6) If the propeller shaft runout is now within specifications, mark the shaft and yokes for proper orientation. (7) If the propeller shaft runout is not within specifications, verify that the runout of the transmission/ transfer case and axle are within specifications. Correct as necessary and re-measure propeller shaft runout. (8) Replace the propeller shaft if the runout still exceeds the limits.

(2) Rotate the shaft until transmission/transfer case output yoke bearing is facing downward. Always make measurements from front to rear. Also, be sure to take all measurements while working from the same side of the vehicle. (3) Place Inclinometer on yoke bearing (A) parallel to the shaft (Fig. 9). Center bubble in sight glass and record measurement. This measurement will give you the transmission or Output Yoke Angle (A).

RUNOUT SPECIFICATIONS Front of Shaft

0.020 in. (0.50 mm)

Center of Shaft

0.025 in. (0.63 mm)

Rear of Shaft

0.020 in. (0.50 mm)

Measure front/rear runout approximately 3 inches (76 mm) from the weld seam at each end of the shaft tube for tube lengths over 30 inches. For tube lengths under 30 inches, the maximum allowed runout is 0.020 in. (0.50 mm) for the full length of the tube.

SERVICE PROCEDURES DRIVELINE ANGLE MEASUREMENT PREPARATION Before measuring universal joint angles, the following must be done; • Inflate all tires to correct pressure. • Check the angles in the same loaded or unloaded condition as when the vibration occurred. Propeller shaft angles change according to the amount of load in the vehicle. • Check the condition of all suspension components and verify all fasteners are torqued to specifications. • Check the condition of the engine and transmission mounts and verify all fasteners are torqued to specifications.

PROPELLER SHAFT ANGLE MEASUREMENT To accurately check driveline alignment, raise and support the vehicle at the axles as level as possible. Allow the wheels and propeller shaft to turn. (1) Remove any external bearing snap rings, if equipped, from universal joint so protractor base sits flat.

Fig. 9 Front (Output) Angle Measurement (A) 1 – SLIP YOKE BEARING CAP 2 – SPECIAL TOOL 7663 (J-23498A)

(4) Rotate propeller shaft 90 degrees and place Inclinometer on yoke bearing parallel to the shaft (Fig. 10). Center bubble in sight glass and record measurement. This measurement can also be taken at the rear end of the shaft. This measurement will give you the Propeller Shaft Angle (C). (5) Subtract smaller figure from larger (C minus A) to obtain Transmission Output Operating Angle. (6) Rotate propeller shaft 90 degrees and place Inclinometer on pinion yoke bearing parallel to the shaft (Fig. 11). Center bubble in sight glass and record measurement.

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3-7

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued)

Fig. 10 Propeller Shaft Angle Measurement (C) 1 – SHAFT YOKE BEARING CAP 2 – SPECIAL TOOL 7663 (J23498–A)

Fig. 11 Rear (Input) Angle Measurement (B) 1 – PINION YOKE BEARING CAP 2 – SPECIAL TOOL 7663 (J-23498A)

This measurement will give you the pinion shaft or Input Yoke Angle (B). (7) Subtract smaller figure from larger (C minus B) to obtain axle Input Operating Angle.

Refer to rules given below and the example in (Fig. 12) for additional information.

Fig. 12 Universal Joint Angle Example 1 – 4.9° Angle (C) 2 – 3.2° Angle (B) 3 – Input Yoke

4 – 3.0° Angle (A) 5 – Output Yoke

3-8

PROPELLER SHAFTS

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) • Good cancellation of U–joint operating angles (within 1°). • Operating angles less than 3°. • At least 1/2 of one degree continuous operating (propeller shaft) angle.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION FRONT PROPELLER SHAFT REMOVAL (1) Hoist and support vehicle on safety stands. (2) Remove the crossmember/skid plate as necessary to gain access to the propeller shaft. (3) Shift the transmission and transfer case, if necessary, into the Neutral position. (4) Using a suitable marker, mark a line across the yoke at the transfer case, the link yoke, and propeller shaft yoke at the rear of the front propeller shaft for installation reference (Fig. 13). (5) Mark a line across the propeller shaft yoke and the pinion shaft yoke for installation reference.

Fig. 14 Front Propeller Shaft 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

– – – – – – – – –

FRONT AXLE BOOT PROPELLER SHAFT CV-JOINT TRANSFER CASE BOOT SLINGER CLAMP YOKE

(2) Place front universal joint into the axle pinion yoke. (3) Align mark on the rear link yoke and universal joint to the mark on the transfer case yoke (Fig. 13). (4) Loosely install bolts to hold universal joint to transfer case yoke. (5) Align mark on front universal joint to the mark on the axle pinion yoke. (6) Tighten the U-joint strap/clamp bolts at the axle yoke to 19 N·m (14 ft. lbs.) torque. (7) Tighten the universal joint to transfer case bolts to 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.) torque. (8) Lower the vehicle.

Fig. 13 Reference Marks on Yokes 1 – REFERENCE MARKS

(6) Remove the U-joint strap bolts at the pinion shaft yoke (Fig. 14). (7) Remove bolts holding rear universal joint to the transfer case yoke. (8) Separate the rear universal joint from the transfer case yoke. (9) Push rear of propeller shaft upward to clear transfer case yoke. (10) Separate front universal joint from front axle. (11) Separate propeller shaft from vehicle.

INSTALLATION (1) Position front propeller shaft under vehicle with rear universal joint over the transfer case yoke.

REAR PROPELLER SHAFT REMOVAL (1) Shift the transmission and transfer case into Neutral. (2) Hoist and support vehicle on safety stands. (3) Scribe alignment marks at the pinion shaft and at each end of the propeller shaft. These marks will be used for installation reference. (4) Remove the U-joint strap bolts at the pinion shaft yoke. (5) Pry open clamp holding the dust boot to propeller shaft yoke (Fig. 15). (6) Slide the slip yoke off of the transmission/ transfer case output shaft and remove the propeller shaft (Fig. 16).

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3-9

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (4) Lower the vehicle.

Fig. 15 Dust Boot Clamp 1 2 3 4

– – – –

SLINGER BOOT AWL TRANSFER CASE

Fig. 17 Crimping Dust Boot Clamp 1 2 3 4

– – – –

SPECIAL TOOL C-4975–A SLINGER BOOT CLAMP

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY SINGLE CARDAN UNIVERSAL JOINT DISASSEMBLY Individual components of cardan universal joints are not serviceable. If worn or leaking, they must be replaced as an assembly. (1) Remove the propeller shaft. (2) Using a soft drift, tap the outside of the bearing cap assembly to loosen snap ring. (3) Remove snap rings from both sides of yoke (Fig. 18).

Fig. 16 Rear Propeller Shaft 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

– – – – – – –

CLAMP YOKE PROPELLER SHAFT AXLE YOKE CLAMP OUTPUT SHAFT BOOT

INSTALLATION (1) Slide the slip yoke on the transmission/transfer case output shaft. Align the installation reference marks at the axle yoke and install the propeller shaft (Fig. 16). (2) Tighten the U-joint strap/clamp bolts at the axle yoke to 19 N·m (14 ft. lbs.) torque. (3) Crimp clamp to hold dust boot to propeller shaft yoke (Fig. 17).

Fig. 18 Remove Snap Ring 1 – SNAP RING

3 - 10

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued) (4) Set the yoke in an arbor press or vise with a socket whose inside diameter is large enough to receive the bearing cap positioned beneath the yoke. (5) Position the yoke with the grease fitting, if equipped, pointing up. (6) Place a socket with an outside diameter smaller than the upper bearing cap on the upper bearing cap and press the cap through the yoke to release the lower bearing cap (Fig. 19).

Fig. 20 Press Out Remaining Bearing 1 – CROSS 2 – BEARING CAP

Fig. 19 Press Out Bearing 1 – PRESS 2 – SOCKET

(7) If the bearing cap will not pull out of the yoke by hand after pressing, tap the yoke ear near the bearing cap to dislodge the cap. (8) To remove the opposite bearing cap, turn the yoke over and straighten the cross in the open hole. Then, carefully press the end of the cross until the remaining bearing cap can be removed (Fig. 20). CAUTION: If the cross or bearing cap are not straight during installation, the bearing cap will score the walls of the yoke bore and damage can occur.

Fig. 21 Install Cross In Yoke 1 – CROSS 2 – YOKE

ASSEMBLY (1) Apply extreme pressure (EP) N.L.G.I. Grade 1 or 2 grease to inside of yoke bores to aid in installation. (2) Position the cross in the yoke with its lube fitting, if equipped, pointing up (Fig. 21).

(3) Place a bearing cap over the trunnion and align the cap with the yoke bore (Fig. 22). Keep the needle bearings upright in the bearing assembly. A needle bearing lying at the bottom of the cap will prevent proper assembly.

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3 - 11

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued)

Fig. 22 Install Bearing On Trunnion

Fig. 23 Remove Snap Rings

1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; BEARING CAP 2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; TRUNNION

(4) Press the bearing cap into the yoke bore enough to install a snap ring. (5) Install a snap ring. (6) Repeat Step 3 and Step 4to install the opposite bearing cap. If the joint is stiff or binding, strike the yoke with a soft hammer to seat the needle bearings. (7) Add grease to lube fitting, if equipped. (8) Install the propeller shaft.

DOUBLE CARDAN JOINT DISASSEMBLY Individual components of cardan universal joints are not serviceable. If worn or leaking, they must be replaced as an assembly. (1) Remove the propeller shaft. (2) Using a soft drift, tap the outside of the bearing cap assembly to loosen snap ring. (3) Remove all the bearing cap snap rings (Fig. 23). (4) Set the joint in an arbor press or vise with a socket whose inside diameter is large enough to receive the bearing cap positioned beneath the link yoke. (5) Place a socket with an outside diameter smaller than the upper bearing cap on the upper bearing cap and partially press one bearing cap from the outboard side of the link yoke enough to grasp the bearing cap with vise jaws (Fig. 24). Be sure to remove grease fittings that interfere with removal.

Fig. 24 Press Out Bearing (6) Grasp the protruding bearing by vise jaws. Tap the link yoke with a mallet and drift to dislodge the bearing cap from the yoke (Fig. 25). (7) Flip assembly and repeat Step 4, Step 5, and Step 6 to remove the opposite bearing cap. This will then allow removal of the cross centering kit assembly and spring (Fig. 26). (8) Press the remaining bearing caps out the other end of the link yoke as described above to complete the disassembly.

3 - 12

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued)

Fig. 27 Install Cross In Yoke

Fig. 25 Remove Bearing From Yoke

(3) Place a bearing cap over the trunnion and align the cap with the yoke bore (Fig. 28). Keep the needle bearings upright in the bearing assembly. A needle bearing lying at the bottom of the cap will prevent proper assembly.

Fig. 26 Remove Centering Kit

ASSEMBLY During assembly, ensure that the alignment marks on the link yoke and propeller shaft yoke are aligned. (1) Apply extreme pressure (EP) N.L.G.I. Grade 1 or 2 grease to inside of yoke bores to aid in installation. (2) Fit a cross into the propeller shaft yoke (Fig. 27).

Fig. 28 Install Bearing Cap (4) Press the bearing cap into the yoke bore enough to install a snap ring (Fig. 29). (5) Install a snap ring.

PROPELLER SHAFTS

3 - 13

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued) (7) Fit the link yoke on the remaining two trunnions and press both bearing caps into place (Fig. 31). (8) Install snap rings.

Fig. 29 Press In Bearing Cap (6) Flip the propeller shaft yoke and install the bearing cap onto the opposite trunnion. Install a snap ring (Fig. 30).

Fig. 31 Install Link Yoke (9) Install the centering kit assembly inside the link yoke making sure the spring is properly positioned (Fig. 32).

Fig. 30 Press In Bearing Cap Fig. 32 Install Centering Kit

3 - 14

PROPELLER SHAFTS

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued) (10) Place two bearing caps on opposite trunnions of the remaining cross. Fit the open trunnions into the link yoke bores and the bearing caps into the centering kit (Fig. 33).

Fig. 35 Seat Snap Rings In Groove Fig. 33 Install Remaining Cross (11) Press the remaining two bearing caps into place and install snap rings (Fig. 34).

Fig. 36 Check Assembly

CLEANING AND INSPECTION Fig. 34 Press In Bearing Cap (12) Tap the snap rings to allow them to seat into the grooves (Fig. 35). (13) Check for proper assembly. Flex the joint beyond center, it should snap over-center in both directions when correctly assembled (Fig. 36). (14) Install the propeller shaft.

PROPELLER SHAFT (1) Clean all universal joint bores with cleaning solvent and a wire brush. (2) Inspect the yokes for distortion, cracks, and worn bearing cap bores.

PROPELLER SHAFTS

ADJUSTMENTS REAR AXLE PINION INPUT ANGLE Adjust the rear axle pinion input angle on vehicles equipped with leaf springs with tapered shims (Fig. 37). Install tapered shims between the springs and axle pad to correct the angle. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for additional information.

Fig. 38 Front Axle Angle Adjustment 1 – SHIM 2 – SUSPENSION ARM

SPECIAL TOOLS Fig. 37 Pinion Angle Adjustment at Leaf Springs 1 – WEDGE

PROPELLER SHAFT

FRONT AXLE PINION INPUT ANGLE Adjust the front axle pinion input angle at the lower suspension arms with shims (Fig. 38). Adding shims will decrease the pinion shaft angle but will also increase the caster angle. The pinion shaft angle has priority over the caster angle. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for additional information.

SPECIFICATIONS

Inclinometer—7663

PROPELLER SHAFTS AND U–JOINTS DESCRIPTION TORQUE Bolts, Transfer Case Yoke . . . . . 27 N·m (20 ft. lbs.) Bolts, Axle Yoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 N·m (14 ft. lbs.) Bolts, Axle Yoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 N·m (14 ft. lbs.)

Boot Clamp Installer—C-4975-A

3 - 15

3 - 16

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE TABLE OF CONTENTS page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 181 FBI AXLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI AXLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LUBRICANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . GEAR NOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEARING NOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOW SPEED KNOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DRIVELINE SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SERVICE PROCEDURES LUBRICANT CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION DRIVE AXLE ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . TUBE AXLE ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AXLE SHAFT—CARDAN U-JOINT . . . . . . 181 FBI PINION SHAFT SEAL . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI PINION SHAFT SEAL . . . . . . . . . COLLAPSIBLE SPACER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . HUB BEARING AND AXLE SHAFT . . . . . . STEERING KNUCKLE AND BALL STUDS. AXLE BUSHING REPLACEMENT . . . . . . . DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . .

. 16 . 17 . 17 . 18

. . . . . .

. 19 . 21 . 21 . 21 . 21 . 21

. . . . . . 21 . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . .

. 22 . 23 . 23 . 24 . 26 . 27 . 30 . 31 . 33 . 33

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 181 FBI AXLE DESCRIPTION The 181 Front Beam-design Iron (FBI) axle consists of a cast iron differential housing with axle shaft tubes extending from either side. The tubes are pressed into the differential housing and welded. The integral type housing, hypoid gear design has the centerline of the pinion set above the centerline of the ring gear. The axle has a fitting for a vent hose used to relieve internal pressure caused by lubricant vaporization and internal expansion. The axles are equipped with semi–floating axle shafts, meaning that loads are supported by the hub bearings. The axle shafts are retained by nuts at the hub bearings. The hub bearings are bolted to the steering knuckle at the outboard end of the axle tube yoke. The hub bearings are serviced as an assembly.

page DIFFERENTIAL SIDE BEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . AXLE SHAFT OIL SEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 FBI PINION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI PINION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINAL ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLEANING AND INSPECTION CARDAN U-JOINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AXLE COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADJUSTMENTS 181 FBI PINION GEAR DEPTH. . . . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI PINION GEAR DEPTH. . . . . . . . . . . . 181 FBI DIFFERENTIAL BEARING PRELOAD AND GEAR BACKLASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI DIFFERENTIAL BEARING PRELOAD AND GEAR BACKLASH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEAR CONTACT PATTERN ANALYSIS . . . . . SPECIFICATIONS 181 FBI AXLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 FBI AXLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TORQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIAL TOOLS 181 and 186 FBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . .

. 36 . 36 . 36 . 41 . 45

. . . 46 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . . 47 . . . 48 . . . 50 . . . 52 . . . 56 . . . 59 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . . 61 . . . 61

For vehicles with ABS brakes, the ABS wheel speed sensors are attached to the knuckle assemblies. The tone rings for the ABS system are pressed onto the axle shaft. Do not damage ABS tone wheel or the sensor when removing axle shafts. The stamped steel cover provides a means for inspection and servicing the differential. The 181 FBI axle has the assembly part number and gear ratio listed on a tag. The tag is attached to the housing cover by a cover bolt. Build date identification codes are stamped on the cover side of the axle shaft tube. The differential case is a one–piece design. The differential pinion mate shaft is retained with a roll pin. Differential bearing preload and ring gear backlash is adjusted by the use of shims (select thickness). The shims are located between the differential bearing cones and case. Pinion bearing preload is set and maintained by the use of shims (select thickness).

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

OPERATION The axle receives power from the transfer case through the front propeller shaft. The front propeller shaft is connected to the pinion gear which rotates the differential through the gear mesh with the ring gear bolted to the differential case. The engine power is transmitted to the axle shafts through the pinion mate and side gears. The side gears are splined to the axle shafts.

186 FBI AXLE DESCRIPTION The 186 Front Beam-design Iron (FBI) axle consists of a cast iron differential housing with axle shaft tubes extending from either side. The tubes are pressed into the differential housing and welded. The integral type housing, hypoid gear design has the centerline of the pinion set below the centerline of the ring gear. The axle has a fitting for a vent hose used to relieve internal pressure caused by lubricant vaporization and internal expansion. The axles are equipped with semi–floating axle shafts, meaning that loads are supported by the hub bearings. The axle shafts are retained by nuts at the hub bearings. The hub bearings are bolted to the steering knuckle at the outboard end of the axle tube yoke. The hub bearings are serviced as an assembly. For vehicles with ABS brakes, the ABS wheel speed sensors are attached to the knuckle assemblies. The tone rings for the ABS system are pressed onto the axle shaft. Do not damage ABS tone wheel or the sensor when removing axle shafts. The stamped steel cover provides a means for inspection and servicing the differential. The 186 FBI axle has the assembly part number and gear ratio listed on a tag. The tag is attached to the housing cover by a cover bolt. Build date identification codes are stamped on the cover side of the axle shaft tube.

The differential case is a one–piece design. The differential pinion mate shaft is retained with a roll pin. Differential bearing preload and ring gear backlash is adjusted by the use of shims (select thickness). The shims are located between the differential bearing cones and case. Pinion bearing preload is set and maintained by the use of a collapsible spacer.

LUBRICANT DESCRIPTION A multi–purpose, hypoid gear lubricant which conforms to the following specifications should be used. Mopart Hypoid Gear Lubricant conforms to all of these specifications. • The lubricant should have MIL–L–2105C and API GL 5 quality specifications. • Lubricant is a thermally stable SAE 80W–90 gear lubricant. • Lubricant for axles intended for heavy-duty or trailer tow use is SAE 75W–140 SYNTHETIC gear lubricant. The 181 FBI axle lubricant capacity is 1.2 L (2.5 pts.). The 186 FBI axle lubricant capacity is 1.18 L (2.5 pts.). CAUTION: If axle is submerged in water, lubricant must be replaced immediately to avoid possible premature axle failure.

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL DESCRIPTION The differential gear system divides the torque between the axle shafts. It allows the axle shafts to rotate at different speeds when turning corners. Each differential side gear is splined to an axle shaft. The pinion gears are mounted on a pinion mate shaft and are free to rotate on the shaft. The pinion gear is fitted in a bore in the differential case and is positioned at a right angle to the axle shafts.

OPERATION In operation, power flow occurs as follows: • The pinion gear rotates the ring gear • The ring gear (bolted to the differential case) rotates the case • The differential pinion gears (mounted on the pinion mate shaft in the case) rotate the side gears • The side gears (splined to the axle shafts) rotate the shafts During straight-ahead driving, the differential pinion gears do not rotate on the pinion mate shaft. This occurs because input torque applied to the gears is divided and distributed equally between the two side gears. As a result, the pinion gears revolve with the pinion mate shaft but do not rotate around it (Fig. 1). When turning corners, the outside wheel must travel a greater distance than the inside wheel to complete a turn. The difference must be compensated for to prevent the tires from scuffing and skidding through turns. To accomplish this, the differential allows the axle shafts to turn at unequal speeds (Fig. 2). In this instance, the input torque applied to the pinion gears is not divided equally. The pinion gears now rotate around the pinion mate shaft in opposite directions. This allows the side gear and axle shaft attached to the outside wheel to rotate at a faster speed.

Fig. 1 Differential Operation—Straight Ahead Driving 1 – IN STRAIGHT AHEAD DRIVING EACH WHEEL ROTATES AT 100% OF CASE SPEED 2 – PINION GEAR 3 – SIDE GEAR 4 – PINION GEARS ROTATE WITH CASE

Fig. 2 Differential Operation—On Turns 1 – PINION GEARS ROTATE ON PINION SHAFT

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING GENERAL INFORMATION Axle bearing problem conditions are usually caused by: • Insufficient or incorrect lubricant. • Foreign matter/water contamination. • Incorrect bearing preload torque adjustment. • Incorrect backlash. Axle gear problem conditions are usually the result of: • Insufficient lubrication.

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• Incorrect or contaminated lubricant. • Overloading (excessive engine torque) or exceeding vehicle weight capacity. • Incorrect clearance or backlash adjustment. Axle component breakage is most often the result of: • Severe overloading. • Insufficient lubricant. • Incorrect lubricant. • Improperly tightened components. • Differential housing bores not square to each other.

DIAGNOSTIC CHART Condition Wheel Noise

Axle Shaft Noise

Axle Shaft Broke

Differential Cracked

Possible Causes

Correction

1. Wheel loose.

1. Tighten loose nuts.

2. Faulty, brinelled wheel bearing.

2. Replace bearing.

1. Misaligned axle tube.

1. Inspect axle tube alignment. Correct as necessary.

2. Bent or sprung axle shaft.

2. Inspect and correct as necessary.

3. End-play in pinion bearings.

3. Refer to pinion pre-load information and correct as necessary.

4. Excessive gear backlash between the ring gear and pinion.

4. Check adjustment of the ring gear and pinion backlash. Correct as necessary.

5. Improper adjustment of pinion gear bearings.

5. Adjust the pinion bearings pre-load.

6. Loose pinion yoke nut.

6. Tighten the pinion yoke nut.

7. Scuffed gear tooth contact surfaces.

7. Inspect and replace as necessary.

1. Misaligned axle tube.

1. Replace the broken shaft after correcting tube mis-alignment.

2 Vehicle overloaded.

2. Replace broken shaft and avoid excessive weight on vehicle.

3. Erratic clutch operation.

3. Replace broken shaft and avoid or correct erratic clutch operation.

4. Grabbing clutch.

4. Replace broken shaft and inspect and repair clutch as necessary.

1. Improper adjustment of the differential bearings.

1. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Set differential bearing pre-load properly.

2. Excessive ring gear backlash.

2. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Set ring gear backlash properly.

3. Vehicle overloaded.

3. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Avoid excessive vehicle weight.

4. Erratic clutch operation.

4. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Avoid erratic use of clutch.

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) Condition Differential Gears Scored

Loss Of Lubricant

Axle Overheating

Gear Teeth Broke

Axle Noise

Possible Causes

Correction

1. Insufficient lubrication.

1. Replace scored gears. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

2. Improper grade of lubricant.

2. Replace scored gears. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

3. Excessive spinning of one wheel/tire.

3. Replace scored gears. Inspect all gears, pinion bores, and shaft for damage. Service as necessary.

1. Lubricant level too high.

1. Drain lubricant to the correct level.

2. Worn axle shaft seals.

2. Replace seals.

3. Cracked differential housing.

3. Repair as necessary.

4. Worn pinion seal.

4. Replace seal.

5. Worn/scored yoke.

5. Replace yoke and seal.

6. Axle cover not properly sealed.

6. Remove, clean, and re-seal cover.

1. Lubricant level low.

1. Fill differential to correct level.

2. Improper grade of lubricant.

2. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

3. Bearing pre-loads too high.

3. Re-adjust bearing pre-loads.

4. Insufficient ring gear backlash.

4. Re-adjust ring gear backlash.

1. Overloading.

1. Replace gears. Examine other gears and bearings for possible damage.

2. Erratic clutch operation.

2. Replace gears and examine the remaining parts for damage. Avoid erratic clutch operation.

3. Ice-spotted pavement.

3. Replace gears and examine remaining parts for damage.

4. Improper adjustments.

4. Replace gears and examine remaining parts for damage. Ensure ring gear backlash is correct.

1. Insufficient lubricant.

1. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

2. Improper ring gear and pinion adjustment.

2. Check ring gear and pinion contact pattern.

3. Unmatched ring gear and pinion.

3. Replace gears with a matched ring gear and pinion.

4. Worn teeth on ring gear and/or pinion.

4. Replace ring gear and pinion.

5. Loose pinion bearings.

5. Adjust pinion bearing pre-load.

6. Loose differential bearings.

6. Adjust differential bearing pre-load.

7. Mis-aligned or sprung ring gear.

7. Measure ring gear run-out. Replace components as necessary.

8. Loose differential bearing cap bolts.

8. Inspect differential components and replace as necessary. Ensure that the bearing caps are torqued tot he proper specification.

9. Housing not machined properly.

9. Replace housing.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

GEAR NOISE

VIBRATION

Axle gear noise can be caused by insufficient lubricant, incorrect backlash, tooth contact, worn/damaged gears, or the carrier housing not having the proper offset and squareness. Gear noise usually happens at a specific speed range. The noise can also occur during a specific type of driving condition. These conditions are acceleration, deceleration, coast, or constant load. When road testing, first warm-up the axle fluid by driving the vehicle at least 5 miles and then accelerate the vehicle to the speed range where the noise is the greatest. Shift out-of-gear and coast through the peak–noise range. If the noise stops or changes greatly: • Check for insufficient lubricant. • Incorrect ring gear backlash. • Gear damage. Differential side gears and pinions can be checked by turning the vehicle. They usually do not cause noise during straight–ahead driving when the gears are unloaded. The side gears are loaded during vehicle turns. A worn pinion mate shaft can also cause a snapping or a knocking noise.

Vibration at the rear of the vehicle is usually caused by a: • Damaged drive shaft. • Missing drive shaft balance weight(s). • Worn or out–of–balance wheels. • Loose wheel lug nuts. • Worn U–joint(s). • Loose/broken springs. • Damaged axle shaft bearing(s). • Loose pinion gear nut. • Excessive pinion yoke run out. • Bent axle shaft(s). Check for loose or damaged front–end components or engine/transmission mounts. These components can contribute to what appears to be a rear–end vibration. Do not overlook engine accessories, brackets and drive belts. All driveline components should be examined before starting any repair. Refer to Group 22, Wheels and Tires, for additional vibration information.

BEARING NOISE The axle shaft, differential and pinion bearings can all produce noise when worn or damaged. Bearing noise can be either a whining, or a growling sound. Pinion bearings have a constant–pitch noise. This noise changes only with vehicle speed. Pinion bearing noise will be higher pitched because it rotates at a faster rate. Drive the vehicle and load the differential. If bearing noise occurs, the rear pinion bearing is the source of the noise. If the bearing noise is heard during a coast, the front pinion bearing is the source. Worn or damaged differential bearings usually produce a low pitch noise. Differential bearing noise is similar to pinion bearing noise. The pitch of differential bearing noise is also constant and varies only with vehicle speed. Axle shaft bearings produce noise and vibration when worn or damaged. The noise generally changes when the bearings are loaded. Road test the vehicle. Turn the vehicle sharply to the left and to the right. This will load the bearings and change the noise level. Where axle bearing damage is slight, the noise is usually not noticeable at speeds above 30 mph.

LOW SPEED KNOCK Low speed knock is generally caused by a worn U–joint or by worn side–gear thrust washers. A worn pinion shaft bore will also cause low speed knock.

DRIVELINE SNAP A snap or clunk noise when the vehicle is shifted into gear (or the clutch engaged), can be caused by: • High engine idle speed. • Transmission shift operation. • Loose engine/transmission/transfer case mounts. • Worn U–joints. • Loose spring mounts. • Loose pinion gear nut and yoke. • Excessive ring gear backlash. • Excessive side gear to case clearance. The source of a snap or a clunk noise can be determined with the assistance of a helper. Raise the vehicle on a hoist with the wheels free to rotate. Instruct the helper to shift the transmission into gear. Listen for the noise, a mechanics stethoscope is helpful in isolating the source of a noise.

SERVICE PROCEDURES LUBRICANT CHANGE (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the lubricant fill hole plug from the differential housing cover. (3) Remove the differential housing cover and drain the lubricant from the housing. (4) Clean the housing cavity with a flushing oil, light engine oil or lint free cloth. Do not use water, steam, kerosene or gasoline for cleaning. (5) Remove the sealant from the housing and cover surfaces. Use solvent to clean the mating surfaces.

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

SERVICE PROCEDURES (Continued) (6) Apply a bead of Mopart Silicone Rubber Sealant, or equivalent, to the housing cover (Fig. 3).

(7) Disconnect the vent hose from the axle shaft tube. (8) Mark the propeller shaft and yoke for installation alignment reference. (9) Remove propeller shaft. (10) Disconnect stabilizer bar links at the axle. (11) Disconnect shock absorbers from axle brackets. (12) Disconnect track bar. (13) Disconnect the tie rod and drag link from the steering knuckle. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures. (14) Disconnect the steering damper from the axle bracket. (15) Disconnect the upper and lower suspension arms from the axle brackets. (16) Lower the lifting device enough to remove the axle. The coil springs will drop with the axle. (17) Remove the coil springs from the axle.

INSTALLATION

Fig. 3 Typical Housing Cover With Sealant 1 – SEALING SURFACE 2 – CONTOUR OF BEAD 3 – BEAD THICKNESS 6.35mm (1/4”)

Install the housing cover within 5 minutes after applying the sealant. (7) Install the cover and any identification tag. Tighten the cover bolts in a criss–cross pattern to 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) torque. (8) Refill the differential with Mopart Hypoid Gear Lubricant, or equivalent, to bottom of the fill plug hole. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications in this group for the quantity necessary. (9) Install the fill hole plug and lower the vehicle. Tighten fill plug to 34 N·m (25 ft. lbs.).

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION DRIVE AXLE ASSEMBLY REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Position a suitable lifting device under the axle. (3) Secure axle to device. (4) Remove the wheels and tires. (5) Remove the brake rotors and calipers from the axle. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (6) Disconnect the wheel sensor wiring harness from the vehicle wiring harness, if necessary.

CAUTION: The weight of the vehicle must be supported by the springs before suspension arms and track bar fasteners can be tightened. If the springs are not at their normal ride position, ride height and handling could be affected. (1) Install the springs and retainer clips. Tighten the retainer bolts to 21 N·m (16 ft. lbs.) torque. (2) Support the axle on a suitable lifting device and position axle under the vehicle. (3) Raise the axle and align it with the spring pads. (4) Position the upper and lower suspension arms in the axle brackets. Loosely install bolts and nuts to hold suspension arms to the axle brackets. (5) Connect the vent hose to the axle shaft tube. (6) Connect the track bar to the axle bracket. Loosely install the bolt to hold the track bar to the axle bracket. (7) Install the shock absorbers and tighten the bolts to 23 N·m (17 ft. lbs.) torque. (8) Install the stabilizer bar links to the axle brackets. Tighten the nut to 95 N·m (70 ft. lbs.) torque. (9) Install the drag link and tie rod to the steering knuckles. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures. (10) Install the steering damper to the axle bracket and tighten the nut to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) torque. (11) Install the brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for the proper procedures. (12) Connect the wheel speed sensor wiring harness to the vehicle wiring harness, if necessary.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 23

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (13) Align the previously made marks on the propeller shaft and the yoke. (14) Install the straps and bolts to hold the propeller shaft to the yoke. (15) Check and fill axle lubricant. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications in this group for the quantity necessary. (16) Install the wheel and tire assemblies. (17) Remove the lifting device from the axle and lower the vehicle. (18) Tighten the upper suspension arm nuts to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) torque. Tighten the lower suspension arm nuts to 115 N·m (85 ft. lbs.) torque. (19) Tighten the track bar bolt at the axle bracket to 100 N·m (74 ft. lbs.) torque. (20) Check the front wheel alignment.

TUBE AXLE ASSEMBLY REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Position a suitable lifting device under the axle. (3) Secure axle to device. (4) Remove the wheels and tires. (5) Remove the brake rotors and calipers from the axle. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (6) Disconnect the wheel sensor wiring harness from the vehicle wiring harness, if necessary. (7) Disconnect stabilizer bar links at the axle. (8) Disconnect shock absorbers from axle brackets. (9) Disconnect track bar. (10) Disconnect the tie rod and drag link from the steering knuckle. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures. (11) Disconnect the steering damper from the axle bracket. (12) Disconnect the upper and lower suspension arms from the axle brackets. (13) Lower the lifting device enough to remove the axle. The coil springs will drop with the axle. (14) Remove the coil springs from the axle.

INSTALLATION CAUTION: The weight of the vehicle must be supported by the springs before suspension arms and track bar fasteners can be tightened. If the springs are not at their normal ride position, ride height and handling could be affected. (1) Install the springs and retainer clips. Tighten the retainer bolts to 21 N·m (16 ft. lbs.) torque. (2) Support the axle on a suitable lifting device and position axle under the vehicle. (3) Raise the axle and align it with the spring pads.

(4) Position the upper and lower suspension arms in the axle brackets. Loosely install bolts and nuts to hold suspension arms to the axle brackets. (5) Connect the track bar to the axle bracket. Loosely install the bolt to hold the track bar to the axle bracket. (6) Install the shock absorbers and tighten the bolts to 23 N·m (17 ft. lbs.) torque. (7) Install the stabilizer bar links to the axle brackets. Tighten the nut to 95 N·m (70 ft. lbs.) torque. (8) Install the drag link and tie rod to the steering knuckles. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures. (9) Install the steering damper to the axle bracket and tighten the nut to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) torque. (10) Install the brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for the proper procedures. (11) Connect the wheel speed sensor wiring harness to the vehicle wiring harness, if necessary. (12) Install the wheel and tire assemblies. (13) Remove the lifting device from the axle and lower the vehicle. (14) Tighten the upper suspension arm nuts to 75 N·m (55 ft. lbs.) torque. Tighten the lower suspension arm nuts to 115 N·m (85 ft. lbs.) torque. (15) Tighten the track bar bolt at the axle bracket to 100 N·m (74 ft. lbs.) torque. (16) Check the front wheel alignment.

AXLE SHAFT—CARDAN U-JOINT Single cardan U–joint components are not serviceable. If defective, they must be replaced as a unit. If the bearings, seals, spider, or bearing caps are damaged or worn, replace the complete U–joint.

REMOVAL CAUTION: Clamp only the narrow forged portion of the yoke in the vise. Also, to avoid distorting the yoke, do not over tighten the vise jaws. (1) Remove axle shaft. (2) Remove the bearing cap retaining snap rings (Fig. 4). It can be helpful to saturate the bearing caps with penetrating oil prior to removal. (3) Locate a socket where the inside diameter is larger in diameter than the bearing cap. Place the socket (receiver) against the yoke and around the perimeter of the bearing cap to be removed. (4) Locate a socket where the outside diameter is smaller in diameter than the bearing cap. Place the socket (driver) against the opposite bearing cap. (5) Position the yoke with the sockets in a vise (Fig. 5).

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (6) Compress the vise jaws to force the bearing cap into the larger socket (receiver). (7) Release the vise jaws. Remove the sockets and bearing cap that was partially forced out of the yoke. (8) Repeat the above procedure for the remaining bearing cap. (9) Remove the remaining bearing cap, bearings, seals and spider from the propeller shaft yoke.

INSTALLATION

Fig. 4 Axle Shaft Outer U–Joint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

– – – – – – – – –

SHAFT YOKE BEARING CAP SNAP RINGS BEARING CAP SPINDLE YOKE BEARING BEARING CAP SNAP RINGS BEARING CAP

(1) Pack the bearing caps 1/3 full of wheel bearing lubricant. Apply extreme pressure (EP), lithium–base lubricant to aid in installation. (2) Position the spider in the yoke. Insert the seals and bearings. Tap the bearing caps into the yoke bores far enough to hold the spider in position. (3) Place the socket (driver) against one bearing cap. Position the yoke with the socket wrench in a vise. (4) Compress the vise to force the bearing caps into the yoke. Force the caps enough to install the retaining clips. (5) Install the bearing cap retaining clips. (6) Install axle shaft.

181 FBI PINION SHAFT SEAL REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Remove brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (4) Mark the propeller shaft and pinion yoke for installation reference. (5) Remove the propeller shaft from the yoke. (6) Rotate the pinion gear three or four times. (7) Measure the amount of torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear with a (in. lbs.) dial-type torque wrench. Record the torque reading for installation reference. (8) Using Holder 6958 to hold the pinion yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer. (9) Use Remover C-452 and Wrench C-3281 to remove the pinion yoke (Fig. 6). (10) Use a suitable pry tool or a slide hammer mounted screw to remove the pinion shaft seal.

INSTALLATION Fig. 5 Yoke Bearing Cap Removal 1 – LARGE-DIAMETER SOCKET WRENCH 2 – VISE 3 – SMALL-DIAMETER SOCKET WRENCH

(1) Apply a light coating of gear lubricant on the lip of pinion seal. Install seal with Installer C-3972-A and Handle C-4171 (Fig. 7). (2) Install yoke on the pinion gear with Installer W-162–D, Cup 8109, and Holder 6958 (Fig. 8).

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

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REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 6 Pinion Yoke Removal 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3281 2 – YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL C-452

Fig. 8 Pinion Yoke Installation 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – AXLE HOUSING

Fig. 7 Pinion Seal Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3972–A

CAUTION: Do not exceed the minimum tightening torque when installing the pinion yoke retaining nut at this point. Damage to the pinion bearings may result. (3) Install the pinion washer and a new nut on the pinion gear. Tighten the nut only enough to remove the shaft end play. (4) Tighten pinion nut to 217 N·m (160 ft. lbs.). (5) Rotate the pinion shaft using a (in. lbs.) torque wrench. Rotating torque should be equal to the reading recorded during removal, plus an additional 0.56 N·m (5 in. lbs.) (Fig. 9). (6) If the rotating torque is low, use Holder 6958 to hold the pinion yoke, and tighten the pinion shaft nut in 6.8 N·m (5 ft. lbs.) increments until proper rotating torque is achieved.

Fig. 9 Check Pinion Rotation Torque 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – INCH POUND TORQUE WRENCH

(7) Align the installation reference marks on the propeller shaft and yoke, and install the propeller shaft. (8) Check and fill the gear lubricant. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications for gear lubricant requirements. (9) Install the brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (10) Install wheel and tire assemblies. (11) Lower the vehicle.

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

186 FBI PINION SHAFT SEAL REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Remove brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (4) Mark the propeller shaft and pinion yoke for installation reference. (5) Remove the propeller shaft from the yoke. (6) Rotate the pinion gear three or four times. (7) Measure the amount of torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear with a (in. lbs.) dial-type torque wrench. Record the torque reading for installation reference. (8) Using Holder 6958 to hold the pinion yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer. (9) Use Remover C-452 and Wrench C-3281 to remove the pinion yoke (Fig. 10).

Fig. 11 Pinion Seal Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3972–A

Fig. 12 Pinion Yoke Installation 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – AXLE HOUSING

Fig. 10 Pinion Yoke Removal 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3281 2 – YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL C-452

(10) Use a suitable pry tool or a slide hammer mounted screw to remove the pinion seal.

INSTALLATION (1) Apply a light coating of gear lubricant on the lip of pinion seal. Install seal with Installer C-3972-A and Handle C-4171 (Fig. 11). (2) Install yoke on the pinion gear with Installer W-162–D, Cup 8109, and Holder 6958 (Fig. 12). CAUTION: Do not exceed the minimum tightening torque when installing the pinion yoke retaining nut at this point. Damage to collapsible spacer or bearings may result.

(3) Install the pinion washer and a new nut on the pinion gear. Tighten the nut only enough to remove the shaft end play. (4) Rotate the pinion shaft using a (in. lbs.) torque wrench. Rotating torque should be equal to the reading recorded during removal, plus an additional 0.56 N·m (5 in. lbs.) (Fig. 13). (5) If the rotating torque is low, use Holder 6958 to hold the pinion yoke (Fig. 14), and tighten the pinion shaft nut in 6.8 N·m (5 ft. lbs.) increments until proper rotating torque is achieved. CAUTION: If the maximum tightening torque is reached prior to reaching the required rotating torque, the collapsible spacer may have been damaged. Replace the collapsible spacer. (6) Align the installation reference marks on the propeller shaft and yoke and install the propeller shaft.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 27

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (8) Install the brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (9) Install wheel and tire assemblies. (10) Lower the vehicle.

COLLAPSIBLE SPACER REMOVAL W/PINION INSTALLED

Fig. 13 Check Pinion Rotation Torque 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – INCH POUND TORQUE WRENCH

(1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Remove brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (4) Mark the propeller shaft and pinion yoke for installation reference. (5) Remove the propeller shaft from the yoke. (6) Rotate the pinion gear three or four times. (7) Measure the amount of torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear with a (in. lbs.) dial-type torque wrench. Record the torque reading for installation reference. (8) Using Holder 6958 to hold the pinion yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer. (9) Use Remover C-452 and Wrench C-3281 to remove the pinion yoke (Fig. 15). (10) Use a suitable pry tool or a slide hammer mounted screw, remove the pinion seal. (11) Remove the front pinion bearing using a pair of suitable pick tools to pull the bearing straight off the pinion gear shaft. It may be necessary to lightly tap the end of the pinion gear with a rawhide or rubber mallet if the bearing becomes bound on the pinion shaft. (12) Remove the collapsible spacer.

Fig. 14 Tightening Pinion Shaft Nut—Typical 1 – PINION FLANGE 2 – FRONT AXLE 3 – TOOL 6958

(7) Check and fill the gear lubricant. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications for gear lubricant requirements.

Fig. 15 Pinion Yoke Removal 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3281 2 – YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL C-452

3 - 28

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

REMOVAL W/PINION REMOVED (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove wheel and tire assemblies. (3) Remove brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (4) Mark the propeller shaft and pinion yoke for installation reference. (5) Remove the propeller shaft from the yoke. (6) Rotate the pinion gear three or four times. (7) Measure the amount of torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear with a (in. lbs.) dial-type torque wrench. Record the torque reading for installation reference. (8) Remove differential assembly from axle housing. (9) Using Holder 6958 to hold yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer. (10) Using Remover C-452 and Wrench C-3281, remove the pinion yoke from pinion shaft (Fig. 15). (11) Remove the pinion gear from housing (Fig. 16). Catch the pinion with your hand to prevent it from falling and being damaged. (12) Remove collapsible spacer from pinion shaft.

Fig. 17 Collapsible Preload Spacer 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

COLLAPSIBLE SPACER SHOULDER PINION GEAR OIL SLINGER REAR BEARING

(4) Apply a light coating of gear lubricant on the lip of pinion seal. Install seal with Installer C-3972-A and Handle C-4171 (Fig. 18), if necessary.

Fig. 16 Remove Pinion Gear 1 – RAWHIDE HAMMER

Fig. 18 Pinion Seal Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3972–A

INSTALLATION (1) Install a new collapsible preload spacer on pinion shaft (Fig. 17). (2) If pinion gear was removed, install pinion gear in housing. (3) Install pinion front bearing, if necessary.

(5) Install yoke with Installer W-162-D, Cup 8109, and holder 6958 (Fig. 19). (6) If the original pinion bearings are being used, install differential assembly and axle shafts, if necessary.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 29

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 19 Pinion Yoke Installation 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – AXLE HOUSING

NOTE: If new pinion bearings were installed, do not install the differential assembly and axle shafts until after the pinion bearing preload and rotating torque are set. (7) Install the pinion washer and a new nut on the pinion gear. Tighten the nut to 217 N·m (160 ft. lbs.) minimum. Do not over-tighten. Maximum torque is 353 N·m (260 ft. lbs.).

Fig. 20 Tightening Pinion Nut 1 – PINION FLANGE 2 – FRONT AXLE 3 – TOOL 6958

CAUTION: Never loosen pinion gear nut to decrease pinion gear bearing rotating torque and never exceed specified preload torque. If preload torque is exceeded, a new collapsible spacer must be installed. The torque sequence will then have to be repeated. (8) Using yoke holder 6958 and a torque wrench set at 353 N·m (260 ft. lbs.), crush collapsible spacer until bearing end play is taken up (Fig. 20). If more than 353 N·m (260 ft. lbs.) is needed to begin to collapse the spacer, the spacer is defective and must be replaced. (9) Slowly tighten the nut in 6.8 N·m (5 ft. lbs.) increments until the rotating torque is achieved. Measure the rotating torque frequently to avoid over crushing the collapsible spacer (Fig. 21). (10) Check rotating torque with an inch pound torque wrench (Fig. 21). The torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear should be: • Original Bearings — The reading recorded during removal, plus an additional 0.56 N·m (5 in. lbs.). • New Bearings — 1.5 to 4 N·m (15 to 35 in. lbs.). (11) Install differential assembly and axle shafts, if necessary. (12) Align marks made previously on yoke and propeller shaft and install propeller shaft.

Fig. 21 Check Pinion Gear Rotation Torque—Typical 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – INCH POUND TORQUE WRENCH

(13) Install brake rotors and calipers. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures.

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 22 Hub, Knuckle and Axle Shaft 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

BRAKE SHIELD WASHER RETAINER COTTER PIN NUT

6 7 8 9

– – – –

HUB AND BEARING ASSEMBLY STEERING KNUCKLE BOLT TONE WHEEL (ABS)

1 2 3 4

– – – –

AXLE SHAFT AXLE KNUCKLE HUB BEARING

(14) Add gear lubricant, if necessary. Refer to Lubricant Specifications of this section for lubricant requirements. (15) Install wheel and tire assemblies. (16) Lower vehicle.

HUB BEARING AND AXLE SHAFT If the axle shaft and hub bearing are being removed in order to service another component, the axle shaft and hub bearing can be removed as an assembly.

REMOVAL (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the wheel and tire assembly. (3) Remove the brake caliper and rotor. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (4) Remove ABS wheel speed sensor, if necessary. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (5) Remove the cotter pin, nut retainer, and axle hub nut (Fig. 22), if necessary. (6) Remove the hub to knuckle bolts (Fig. 23). (7) Remove the hub from the steering knuckle and axle shaft, if necessary. (8) Remove hub bearing and axle shaft assembly (Fig. 24), or axle shaft from axle. Avoid damaging the axle shaft oil seals in the axle housing.

Fig. 23 Hub Bearing Bolts

(9) Remove the brake rotor shield from the hub bearing or knuckle (Fig. 22).

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 31

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

STEERING KNUCKLE AND BALL STUDS Ball stud service procedures below require removal of the hub bearing and axle shaft. Removal and installation of upper and lower ball studs require the use of Tool Kit 6289.

KNUCKLE REMOVAL

Fig. 24 Hub Bearing and Axle Assembly 1 2 3 4

– – – –

(1) Remove hub bearing and axle shaft. (2) Disconnect the tie-rod or drag link from the steering knuckle arm. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures. (3) Remove the cotter pins from the upper and lower ball studs. (4) Remove the upper and lower ball stud nuts. (5) Strike the steering knuckle with a brass hammer to loosen knuckle from the ball studs. Remove knuckle from ball studs (Fig. 25).

AXLE KNUCKLE HUB BEARING AXLE SHAFT

INSTALLATION (1) Thoroughly clean the axle shaft (Fig. 22) and apply a thin film of Mopart Wheel Bearing Grease, or equivalent, to the shaft splines, seal contact surface, and hub bore. (2) Install the brake rotor shield to the knuckle. (3) Install the hub bearing and axle shaft assembly, or axle shaft, into the housing and differential side gears. Avoid damaging the axle shaft oil seals in the axle housing. (4) Install the hub bearing, if necessary. (5) Install the hub to knuckle bolts and tighten to 102 N·m (75 ft. lbs.) torque. (6) Install the hub washer and nut, if necessary. Tighten the hub nut to 237 N·m (175 ft. lbs.) torque. Install the nut retainer and a new cotter pin (Fig. 22). (7) Install ABS wheel speed sensor, if necessary. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (8) Install the brake rotor and caliper. Refer to Group 5, Brakes, for proper procedures. (9) Install the wheel and tire assembly. (10) Remove support and lower the vehicle.

Fig. 25 Steering Knuckle Removal/Installation 1 2 3 4

– – – –

AXLE YOKE UPPER BALL STUD LOWER BALL STUD STEERING KNUCKLE

3 - 32

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 26 Upper Ball Stud Remove/Install

UPPER BALL STUD REPLACEMENT (1) Position tools as shown to remove and install ball stud (Fig. 26).

LOWER BALL STUD REPLACEMENT (1) Position tools as shown to remove and install ball stud (Fig. 27).

KNUCKLE INSTALLATION (1) Position the steering knuckle on the ball studs.

(2) Install and tighten the bottom retaining nut to 109 N·m (80 ft. lbs.) torque. Install new cotter pin. (3) Install and tighten the top retaining nut to 101 N·m (75 ft. lbs.) torque. Install new cotter pin. (4) Install the hub bearing and axle shaft. (5) Connect the tie-rod or drag link end to the steering knuckle arm. Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for proper procedures.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

XJ REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 27 Lower Ball Stud Remove/Install 1 – SPECIAL TOOL 6289–12 2 – SPECIAL TOOL 6289–4 3 – SPECIAL TOOL 4212F

4 – SPECIAL TOOL 4212F 5 – SPECIAL TOOL 6289–1 6 – SPECIAL TOOL 6289–3

AXLE BUSHING REPLACEMENT Refer to Group 2, Suspension, for the proper axle bushing procedures.

DIFFERENTIAL REMOVAL (1) Raise and support vehicle. (2) Remove the lubricant fill hole plug from the differential housing cover. (3) Remove the differential housing cover and allow fluid to drain. (4) Remove hub bearings and axle shafts. (5) Note the installation reference letters stamped on the bearing caps and housing machined sealing surface (Fig. 28). (6) Loosen the differential bearing cap bolts. (7) Position Spreader W–129–B, utilizing some items from Adapter Kit 6987, with the tool dowel pins seated in the locating holes (Fig. 29). Install the holddown clamps and tighten the tool turnbuckle finger–tight.

Fig. 28 Bearing Cap Identification 1 – INSTALLATION REFERENCE LETTERS 2 – INSTALLATION REFERENCE LETTERS

3 - 33

3 - 34

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 30 Install Dial Indicator

Fig. 29 Install Axle Housing Spreader 1 2 3 4

– – – –

AXLE HOUSING DOWEL SAFETY HOLD DOWN SPECIAL TOOL W-129–B 5 – TURNBUCKLE

1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3339 2 – DIAL INDICATOR 3 – LEVER ADAPTER 4 – SPECIAL TOOL W-129–B 5 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3288–B

(8) Install a Guide Pin C-3288-B at the left side of the differential housing. Attach Dial Indicator C-3339 to guide pin. Load the lever adapter against the opposite side of the housing (Fig. 30) and zero the indicator. CAUTION: Do not spread over 0.50 mm (0.020 in). If the housing is over-spread, it could be distorted or damaged. (9) Spread the housing enough to remove the differential case from the housing. Measure the distance with the dial indicator (Fig. 31). (10) Remove the dial indicator. (11) While holding the differential case in position, remove the differential bearing cap bolts and caps. (12) Remove the differential, and the differential preload shims for the 181FBI axles, from the housing. Ensure that the differential bearing cups remain in position on the differential bearings (Fig. 32). (13) Mark or tag the differential bearing cups, and the differential preload shims for the 181FBI axles, to indicate which side of the differential they were removed from. (14) Remove spreader from housing.

Fig. 31 Spread Axle Housing 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3339 2 – SPECIAL TOOL W-129–B

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 35

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 32 Differential Case Removal 1 – AXLE HOUSING 2 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE 3 – BEARING CUPS

INSTALLATION If replacement differential bearings or differential case are being installed, differential side bearing shim requirements may change. Refer to the Differential Bearing Preload and Gear Backlash procedures in this section to determine the proper shim selection. (1) Position Spreader W-129-B, utilizing some items from Adapter Kit 6987, with the tool dowel pins seated in the locating holes (Fig. 33). Install the holddown clamps and tighten the tool turnbuckle finger–tight. (2) Install a Guide Pin C-3288-B at the left side of the differential housing. Attach Dial Indicator C-3339 to guide pin. Load the lever adapter against the opposite side of the housing (Fig. 30) and zero the indicator.

Fig. 33 Install Axle Housing Spreader 1 2 3 4

– – – –

AXLE HOUSING DOWEL SAFETY HOLD DOWN SPECIAL TOOL W-129–B 5 – TURNBUCKLE

CAUTION: Do not spread over 0.50 mm (0.020 in). If the housing is over-spread, it could be distorted or damaged. (3) Spread the housing enough to install the case in the housing. Measure the distance with the dial indicator (Fig. 31). (4) Remove the dial indicator. (5) Install differential case, and the differential preload shims for the 181FBI axles, in the housing. Ensure that the differential bearing cups remain in position on the differential bearings. Tap the differential case to ensure the bearings cups are fully seated in the housing. (6) Install the bearing caps at their original locations (Fig. 34). (7) Loosely install differential bearing cap bolts.

Fig. 34 Differential Bearing Cap Reference Letters 1 – INSTALLATION REFERENCE LETTERS 2 – INSTALLATION REFERENCE LETTERS

(8) Remove axle housing spreader. (9) Tighten the bearing cap bolts to 61 N·m (45 ft. lbs.) torque. (10) Install the hub bearings and axle shafts.

3 - 36

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

DIFFERENTIAL SIDE BEARINGS REMOVAL (1) Remove differential case from axle housing. (2) Remove the bearings from the differential case with Puller/Press C-293-PA, C-293-39 Adapter Blocks, and Plug SP-3289 (Fig. 35).

Fig. 36 Differential Side Bearing Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3716–A 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171

AXLE SHAFT OIL SEAL REMOVAL (1) Raise and support vehicle. (2) Remove differential assembly. (3) Remove the inner axle shaft seals with a pry bay.

Fig. 35 Differential Bearing Removal 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

SPECIAL TOOL C–293–39 BEARING DIFFERENTIAL SPECIAL TOOL SP–3289 SPECIAL TOOL C–293–PA

INSTALLATION If replacement differential side bearings or differential case are being installed, differential side bearing shim requirements may change. Refer to the Differential Bearing Preload and Gear Backlash procedures in this section to determine the proper shim selection. (1) Install differential side bearing shims onto differential case hubs, for 186FBI axles. (2) Using Installer C-3716-A and Handle C-4171, install differential side bearings (Fig. 36). (3) Install differential in axle housing.

INSTALLATION (1) Remove any sealer remaining from original seals. (2) Remove sealer from axle tube to housing junction, if necessary. (3) Install oil seals with Discs 8110 and Turnbuckle 6797 (Fig. 37). Tighten tool until disc bottoms in housing. (4) Install differential assembly.

181 FBI PINION The ring gear and pinion are serviced as a matched set. Do not replace the pinion without replacing the ring gear.

REMOVAL (1) Remove differential assembly from axle housing. (2) Mark pinion yoke and propeller shaft for installation alignment. (3) Disconnect propeller shaft from pinion yoke. Using suitable wire, tie propeller shaft to underbody.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 37

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 37 Axle Seal Installation 1 – TURNBUCKLE 6797 2 – DISCS 8110

(4) Using Holder 6958 to hold yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer. (5) Using Remover C-452 and Holder C-3281, remove the pinion yoke from pinion shaft (Fig. 38).

Fig. 39 Remove Pinion Gear 1 – RAWHIDE HAMMER

(7) Remove the front pinion bearing cup, bearing, oil slinger, if equipped, and pinion seal with Remover D-147 and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 40).

Fig. 38 Pinion Yoke Removal 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3281 2 – YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL C-452

Fig. 40 Front Bearing Cup Removal (6) Remove the pinion gear and preload shims from housing (Fig. 39). Catch the pinion with your hand to prevent it from falling and being damaged.

1 – REMOVER 2 – HANDLE

3 - 38

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (8) Remove the rear pinion bearing cup and oil slinger from the axle housing (Fig. 41). Use Remover D-149 and Handle C–4171. Record the thickness of the oil slinger for future reference.

Fig. 42 Rear Bearing Removal

Fig. 41 Rear Bearing Cup Removal

1 2 3 4

– – – –

SPECIAL TOOL C-293–PA VISE ADAPTERS DRIVE PINION GEAR SHAFT

1 – DRIVER 2 – HANDLE

(9) Remove the rear pinion bearing from the pinion with Puller/Press C–293-PA and Adapters C-293-39 (Fig. 42). Place 4 adapter blocks so they do not damage the bearing cage. (10) Remove the pinion depth shim/oil baffle from the pinion shaft. Record the thickness of the depth shim/oil baffle.

INSTALLATION NOTE: A pinion depth shim/oil baffle is placed between the rear pinion bearing cone and pinion gear. If the factory installed ring and pinion gears are reused, the pinion depth shim/oil baffle should not require replacement. Refer to Pinion Gear Depth to select the proper thickness shim before installing pinion gear. (1) Install a new oil slinger of the same thickness as the original into the rear pinion bearing bore of the axle housing. (2) Apply Mopart Door Ease, or equivalent, stick lubricant to outside surface of rear pinion bearing cup. Install the bearing cup with Installer D-146 and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 43). Verify cup is correctly seated.

Fig. 43 Rear Pinion Bearing Cup Installation 1 – INSTALLER 2 – HANDLE

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 39

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (3) Apply Mopart Door Ease, or equivalent, stick lubricant to outside surface of front pinion bearing cup. Install the bearing cup with Installer D-144 and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 44).

(6) Install the rear pinion bearing and pinion depth shim/oil baffle onto the pinion gear with Installer W-262 and a shop press (Fig. 46).

Fig. 44 Pinion Outer Bearing Cup Installation 1 – INSTALLER 2 – HANDLE

(4) Install front pinion bearing, and oil slinger, if equipped. (5) Apply a light coating of gear lubricant on the lip of pinion seal. Install seal with Installer C-3972-A and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 45).

Fig. 46 Rear Pinion Bearing Installation 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

PRESS INSTALLATION TOOL PINION DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE DRIVE PINION DRIVE PINION SHAFT REAR BEARING

(7) Install pinion bearing preload shims onto the pinion gear (Fig. 47). (8) Install pinion gear in housing. (9) Install yoke with Installer W-162-B, Cup 8109, and Holder 6958 (Fig. 48).

Fig. 45 Pinion Seal Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3972–A

3 - 40

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 47 Pinion Preload Shims–Typical 1 2 3 4

– – – –

PINION PRELOAD SHIMS FRONT BEARING CUP SLINGER PINION YOKE

5 6 7 8

– – – –

WASHER PINION NUT PINION OIL SEAL FRONT BEARING CONE

(10) Install the pinion washer and a new nut on the pinion gear. Tighten the nut to 217 N·m (160 ft. lbs.). CAUTION: Never loosen pinion gear nut to decrease pinion gear bearing rotating torque and never exceed specified preload rotating torque.

Fig. 48 Pinion Yoke Installation 1 – PINION YOKE 2 – AXLE HOUSING

(11) Check bearing preload torque with an inch pound torque wrench (Fig. 49). The torque necessary to rotate the pinion gear should be: • Original Bearings—1 to 2 N·m (10 to 20 in. lbs.). • New Bearings—1.5 to 4 N·m (15 to 35 in. lbs.). (12) If rotating torque is above the desired amount, remove the pinion yoke and increase the preload shim pack thickness. Increasing the shim pack thickness 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) will decrease the rotating torque approximately 0.9 N·m (8 in. lbs.). (13) Tighten pinion shaft nut in 6.8 N·m (5 ft. lbs.) increments until the maximum tightening or desired rotating torque is reached. Maximum tightening torque is 271 N·m (200 ft.lbs.).

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 41

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (14) If the maximum tightening torque is reached prior to achieving the desired rotating torque, remove the pinion yoke and decrease the thickness of the preload shim pack. Decreasing the shim pack thickness 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) will increase the rotating torque approximately 0.9 N·m (8 in. lbs.).

(4) Using Holder 6958 to the hold yoke, remove the pinion nut and washer (Fig. 50). (5) Using Remover C–452 and Holder C-3281, remove the pinion yoke from pinion shaft (Fig. 51).

Fig. 50 Pinion Yoke Holder—Typical 1 – 1 in. PIPE 2 – PINION YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL 6958 4 – LOWER CONTROL ARM

Fig. 49 Check Pinion Gear Rotating Torque 1 – in. lbs. TORQUE WRENCH 2 – PINION YOKE

(15) Install differential assembly.

186 FBI PINION The ring gear and pinion are serviced as a matched set. Do not replace the pinion without replacing the ring gear.

Fig. 51 Pinion Yoke Removal 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3281 2 – YOKE 3 – SPECIAL TOOL C-452

3 - 42

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (6) Remove the pinion and collapsible spacer from housing (Fig. 52). Catch the pinion with your hand to prevent it from falling and being damaged.

(8) Remove the rear pinion bearing cup from axle housing (Fig. 54). Use Remover D-149 and Handle C–4171.

Fig. 54 Rear Bearing Cup Removal Fig. 52 Remove Pinion

1 – DRIVER 2 – HANDLE

1 – RAWHIDE HAMMER

(7) Remove the front pinion bearing cup, bearing, oil slinger, if equipped, and pinion seal with Remover C-4345 and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 53).

(9) Remove the collapsible preload spacer from pinion gear (Fig. 55).

Fig. 55 Collapsible Spacer

Fig. 53 Front Bearing Cup Removal 1 – REMOVER 2 – HANDLE

1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

COLLAPSIBLE SPACER SHOULDER PINION PINION DEPTH SHIM REAR BEARING

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 43

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (10) Remove the rear pinion bearing from the pinion with Puller/Press C–293-PA and Adapters C–293–39 (Fig. 56). Place 4 adapter blocks so they do not damage the bearing cage.

Fig. 57 Rear Pinion Bearing Cup Installation 1 – INSTALLER 2 – HANDLE

Fig. 56 Inner Bearing Removal 1 2 3 4

– – – –

SPECIAL TOOL C-293–PA VISE ADAPTERS DRIVE PINION GEAR SHAFT

(11) Remove the depth shim/oil slinger from the pinion shaft. Record the thickness of the depth shim/ oil slinger.

INSTALLATION NOTE: A pinion depth shim/oil slinger is placed between the rear pinion bearing cone and the pinion head to achieve proper ring gear and pinion mesh. If the factory installed ring gear and pinion are reused, the pinion depth shim/oil slinger should not require replacement. Refer to Pinion Gear Depth to select the proper thickness shim/oil slinger before installing pinion. (1) Apply Mopart Door Ease, or equivalent, stick lubricant to outside surface of rear pinion bearing cup. Install the bearing cup with Installer D-146 and Driver Handle C–4171 (Fig. 57). Verify cup is correctly seated. (2) Apply Mopart Door Ease, or equivalent, stick lubricant to outside surface of front pinion bearing cup. Install the bearing cup with Installer D-130 and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 58).

Fig. 58 Pinion Outer Bearing Cup Installation 1 – INSTALLER 2 – HANDLE

(3) Install front pinion bearing, and oil slinger, if equipped. (4) Apply a light coating of gear lubricant on the lip of pinion seal. Install seal with Installer C-3972-A and Handle C–4171 (Fig. 59). (5) Install the rear pinion bearing and the pinion depth shim/oil slinger onto the pinion with Installer W-262 and a shop press (Fig. 60).

3 - 44

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)

Fig. 59 Pinion Seal Installation 1 – SPECIAL TOOL C-4171 2 – SPECIAL TOOL C-3972–A

Fig. 61 Collapsible Preload Spacer 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

COLLAPSIBLE SPACER SHOULDER PINION GEAR OIL SLINGER REAR BEARING

Fig. 60 Rear Pinion Bearing Installation 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

PRESS INSTALLATION TOOL PINION DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE DRIVE PINION DRIVE PINION SHAFT REAR BEARING

Fig. 62 Pinion Yoke Installation

(6) Install a new collapsible preload spacer on pinion shaft and install pinion in housing (Fig. 61). (7) Install yoke with Installer W-162-B, Cup 8109, and Holder 6958 (Fig. 62). (8) Install the pinion washer and a new nut onto the pinion. Tighten the nut to 216 N·m (160 ft. lbs.) minimum. Do not over–tighten. Maximum torque is 352 N·m (260 ft. lbs.).

specified preload torque. If preload torque is exceeded a new collapsible spacer must be installed. The torque sequence will then have to be repeated.

CAUTION: Never loosen the pinion nut to decrease pinion bearing rotating torque and never exceed

(9) Using Holder 6958 and torque wrench (set at 352 N·m (260 ft. lbs.)), crush collapsible spacer until

1 – PINION YOKE 2 – AXLE HOUSING

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 45

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) bearing end play is taken up (Fig. 63). If more than 353 N·m (260 ft. lbs.) is needed to begin to collapse the spacer, the spacer is defective and must be replaced. (10) Slowly tighten the nut in 6.8 N·m (5 ft. lb.) increments until the rotating torque is achieved. Measure the rotating torque frequently to avoid over crushing the collapsible spacer (Fig. 64).

Fig. 64 Check Pinion Rotation Torque 1 – in. lbs. TORQUE WRENCH 2 – PINION YOKE

(4) Using a soft hammer, drive ring gear from differential case (Fig. 65).

Fig. 63 Tightening Pinion Nut—Typical 1 – PINION FLANGE 2 – FRONT AXLE 3 – TOOL 6958

(11) Check bearing rotating torque with an inch pound torque wrench (Fig. 64). The torque necessary to rotate the pinion should be: • Original Bearings — 1 to 2 N·m (10 to 20 in. lbs.). • New Bearings — 1.5 to 4 N·m (15 to 35 in. lbs.). (12) Install differential assembly.

RING GEAR NOTE: The ring gear and pinion are serviced as a matched set. Do not replace the ring gear without replacing the pinion.

Fig. 65 Ring Gear Removal 1 – CASE 2 – RING GEAR 3 – RAWHIDE HAMMER

REMOVAL

INSTALLATION

(1) Remove differential from axle housing. (2) Place differential case in a suitable vise with soft metal jaw protectors. (Fig. 65) (3) Remove bolts holding ring gear to differential case.

CAUTION: Do not reuse the bolts that held the ring gear to the differential case. The bolts can fracture causing extensive damage.

3 - 46

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued) (1) Invert the differential case and start two ring gear bolts. This will provide case-to-ring gear bolt hole alignment. (2) Invert the differential case in the vise. (3) Install new ring gear bolts and alternately tighten to 95–122 N·m (70–90 ft. lbs.) torque (Fig. 66). (4) Install differential in axle housing and verify gear mesh and contact pattern.

Fig. 67 Mate Shaft Roll Pin Removal 1 – DRIFT 2 – LOCKPIN 3 – MATE SHAFT

Fig. 66 Ring Gear Bolt Installation 1 2 3 4

– – – –

TORQUE WRENCH RING GEAR BOLT RING GEAR CASE

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL DISASSEMBLY (1) Remove the ring gear. (2) Using a suitable roll pin punch, drive out the roll pin holding pinion gear mate shaft in the differential case (Fig. 67). (3) Remove the pinion gear mate shaft from the differential case and the pinion mate gears. (4) Rotate differential side gears and remove the pinion mate gears and thrust washers (Fig. 68). (5) Remove the differential side gears and thrust washers.

ASSEMBLY (1) Install the differential side gears and thrust washers.

Fig. 68 Pinion Mate Gear Removal 1 – THRUST WASHER 2 – SIDE GEAR 3 – PINION MATE GEAR

(2) Install the pinion mate gears and thrust washers.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 47

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY (Continued) (3) Install the pinion gear mate shaft. Align the roll pin holes in shaft and the differential case. (4) Install the roll pin to hold the pinion mate shaft in the differential case (Fig. 69).

Fig. 70 Typical Housing Cover With Sealant 1 – SEALING SURFACE 2 – CONTOUR OF BEAD 3 – BEAD THICKNESS 6.35mm (1/4”)

Fig. 69 Mate Shaft Roll Pin Installation

CLEANING AND INSPECTION

1 – PUNCH 2 – PINION MATE SHAFT 3 – MATE SHAFT LOCKPIN

(5) Install the ring gear. (6) Lubricate all differential hypoid gear lubricant.

CARDAN U-JOINT components

with

FINAL ASSEMBLY (1) Scrape the residual sealant from the housing and cover mating surfaces. Clean the mating surfaces with mineral spirits. Apply a bead of Mopart Silicone Rubber Sealant, or equivalent, on the housing cover (Fig. 70). Install the housing cover within 5 minutes after applying the sealant. (2) Install the cover on the differential with the attaching bolts. Install the identification tag. Tighten the cover bolts to 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) torque. CAUTION: Overfilling the differential can result in lubricant foaming and overheating. (3) Refill the differential housing with gear lubricant. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications section of this group for the gear lubricant requirements. (4) Install the fill hole plug.

Clean all the U–joint yoke bores with cleaning solvent and a wire brush. Ensure that all the rust and foreign matter are removed from the bores. Inspect the yokes for distortion, cracks and worn bearing cap bores. Replace the complete U–joint if any of the components are defective.

AXLE COMPONENTS Wash differential components with cleaning solvent and dry with compressed air. Do not steam clean the differential components. Wash bearings with solvent and towel dry, or dry with compressed air. DO NOT spin bearings with compressed air. Cup and bearing must be replaced as matched sets only. Clean axle shaft tubes and oil channels in housing. Inspect for; • Smooth appearance with no broken/dented surfaces on the bearing rollers or the roller contact surfaces. • Bearing cups must not be distorted or cracked. • Machined surfaces should be smooth and without any raised edges. • Raised metal on shoulders of cup bores should be removed with a hand stone.

3 - 48

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

CLEANING AND INSPECTION (Continued) • Wear and damage to pinion gear mate shaft, pinion gears, side gears and thrust washers. Replace as a matched set only. • Ring and pinion gear for worn and chipped teeth. • Ring gear for damaged bolt threads. Replaced as a matched set only. • Pinion yoke for cracks, worn splines, pitted areas, and a rough/corroded seal contact surface. Repair or replace as necessary. • Preload shims for damage and distortion. Install new shims, if necessary.

Compensation for pinion depth variance is achieved with a select shim/oil baffle. The shims are placed between the rear pinion bearing and the pinion gear head (Fig. 72).

ADJUSTMENTS 181 FBI PINION GEAR DEPTH GENERAL INFORMATION Ring and pinion gears are supplied as matched sets only. The identifying numbers for the ring and pinion gear are etched into the face of each gear (Fig. 71). A plus (+) number, minus (–) number or zero (0) is etched into the face of the pinion gear. This number is the amount (in thousandths of an inch) the depth varies from the standard depth setting of a pinion etched with a (0). The standard setting from the center line of the ring gear to the back face of the pinion is 92.08 mm (3.625 in.). The standard depth provides the best gear tooth contact pattern. Refer to Backlash and Contact Pattern Analysis paragraph in this section for additional information.

Fig. 71 Pinion Gear ID Numbers 1 – PRODUCTION NUMBERS 2 – DRIVE PINION GEAR DEPTH VARIANCE 3 – GEAR MATCHING NUMBER (SAME AS RING GEAR NUMBER)

Fig. 72 Shim Locations 1 – PINION GEAR DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE 2 – DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM

If a new gear set is being installed, note the depth variance etched into both the original and replacement pinion. Add or subtract this number from the thickness of the original depth shim/oil slinger to compensate for the difference in the depth variances. Refer to the Depth Variance chart. Note where Old and New Pinion Marking columns intersect. Intersecting figure represents plus or minus the amount needed. Note the etched number on the face of the pinion gear head (–1, –2, 0, +1, +2, etc.). The numbers represent thousands of an inch deviation from the standard. If the number is negative, add that value to the required thickness of the depth shims. If the number is positive, subtract that value from the thickness of the depth shim. If the number is 0 no change is necessary.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 49

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) PINION GEAR DEPTH VARIANCE Original Pinion Gear Depth Variance

−4

−3

−2

−1

+0.008

+0.007

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

+0.007

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−1

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−2

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−3

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−0.007

−4

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−0.007

−0.008

Replacement Pinion Gear Depth Variance

PINION DEPTH MEASUREMENT AND ADJUSTMENT Measurements are taken with pinion bearing cups and pinion bearings installed in the axle housing. Take measurements with Pinion Gauge Set and Dial Indicator C-3339 (Fig. 73).

(2) Insert assembled height gauge components, rear bearing and screw into axle housing through pinion bearing cups (Fig. 74). (3) Install front pinion bearing and Cone-nut 6740 hand tight (Fig. 73).

Fig. 74 Pinion Height Block—Typical 1 – PINION BLOCK 2 – PINION HEIGHT BLOCK

Fig. 73 Pinion Gear Depth Gauge Tools—Typical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

– – – – – – – –

DIAL INDICATOR ARBOR PINION HEIGHT BLOCK CONE SCREW PINION BLOCK SCOOTER BLOCK ARBOR DISC

(1) Assemble Pinion Height Block 6739, Pinion Block 6733, and rear pinion bearing onto Screw 6741 (Fig. 73).

(4) Place Arbor Disc 6732 on Arbor D-115-3 in position in axle housing side bearing cradles (Fig. 75). Install differential bearing caps on Arbor Discs and tighten cap bolts to 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.). NOTE: Arbor Discs 6732 has different step diameters to fit other axles. Choose proper step for axle being serviced. (5) Assemble Dial Indicator C-3339 into Scooter Block D-115-2 and secure set screw. (6) Place Scooter Block/Dial Indicator in position in axle housing so dial probe and scooter block are flush against the rearward surface of the pinion

3 - 50

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued)

Fig. 75 Gauge Tools In Housing—Typical 1 2 3 4

– – – –

ARBOR DISC PINION BLOCK ARBOR PINION HEIGHT BLOCK

height block (Fig. 73). Hold scooter block in place and zero the dial indicator face to the pointer. Tighten dial indicator face lock screw. (7) With scooter block still in position against the pinion height block, slowly slide the dial indicator probe over the edge of the pinion height block. (8) Slide the dial indicator probe across the gap between the pinion height block and the arbor bar with the scooter block against the pinion height block (Fig. 76). When the dial probe contacts the arbor bar, the dial pointer will turn clockwise. Bring dial pointer back to zero against the arbor bar, do not turn dial face. Continue moving the dial probe to the crest of the arbor bar and record the highest reading. If the dial indicator can not achieve the zero reading, the rear bearing cup or the pinion depth gauge set is not installed correctly. (9) Select a shim/oil baffle equal to the dial indicator reading plus the pinion depth variance number etched in the face of the pinion (Fig. 71). For example, if the depth variance is –2, add +0.002 in. to the dial indicator reading.

186 FBI PINION GEAR DEPTH GENERAL INFORMATION Ring gear and pinion are supplied as matched sets only. The identifying numbers for the ring gear and pinion are etched into the face of each gear (Fig. 77). A plus (+) number, minus (–) number or zero (0) is etched into the face of the pinion gear head. This number is the amount (in thousandths of an inch) the depth varies from the standard depth setting of a pinion etched with a (0). The standard setting from the center line of the ring gear to the back face of the

Fig. 76 Pinion Gear Depth Measurement—Typical 1 – ARBOR 2 – SCOOTER BLOCK 3 – DIAL INDICATOR

pinion is 92.08 mm (3.625 in.). The standard depth provides the best gear tooth contact pattern. Refer to Backlash and Contact Pattern Analysis paragraph in this section for additional information.

Fig. 77 Pinion Gear ID Numbers 1 – PRODUCTION NUMBERS 2 – DRIVE PINION GEAR DEPTH VARIANCE 3 – GEAR MATCHING NUMBER (SAME AS RING GEAR NUMBER)

Compensation for pinion depth variance is achieved with a select shim/oil slinger. The shim/oil slinger is placed between the rear pinion bearing and the pinion gear head (Fig. 78). If a new gear set is being installed, note the depth variance etched into both the original and replacement pinion. Add or subtract the thickness of the original depth shims to compensate for the difference in the depth variances. Refer to the Depth Variance chart.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 51

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued)

Fig. 78 Shim Locations 1 – PINION GEAR DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE 2 – DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM

Note where Old and New Pinion Marking columns intersect. Intersecting figure represents plus or minus the amount needed. Note the etched number on the face of the drive pinion (–1, –2, 0, +1, +2, etc.). The numbers represent thousands of an inch deviation from the standard. If the number is negative, add that value to the required thickness of the depth shim/oil slinger. If the number is positive, subtract that value from the thickness of the depth shim/oil slinger. If the number is 0 no change is necessary.

Fig. 79 Pinion Gear Depth Gauge Tools—Typical 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

– – – – – – – –

DIAL INDICATOR ARBOR PINION HEIGHT BLOCK CONE SCREW PINION BLOCK SCOOTER BLOCK ARBOR DISC

PINION GEAR DEPTH VARIANCE Original Pinion Gear Depth Variance

−4

−3

−2

−1

+0.008

+0.007

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

+0.007

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

+0.006

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

+0.005

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

+0.004

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−1

+0.003

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−2

+0.002

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−3

+0.001

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−0.007

−4

−0.001

−0.002

−0.003

−0.004

−0.005

−0.006

−0.007

−0.008

Replacement Pinion Gear Depth Variance

3 - 52

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) (1) Assemble Pinion Height Block 6739, Pinion Block 6733, and rear pinion bearing onto Screw 6741 (Fig. 79). (2) Insert assembled height gauge components, rear bearing and screw into axle housing through pinion bearing cups (Fig. 80). (3) Install front pinion bearing and Cone-nut 6740 hand tight (Fig. 79).

Fig. 81 Gauge Tools In Housing—Typical 1 2 3 4

Fig. 80 Pinion Height Block—Typical 1 – PINION BLOCK 2 – PINION HEIGHT BLOCK

(4) Place Arbor Disc 6732 on Arbor D-115-3 in position in axle housing side bearing cradles (Fig. 81). Install differential bearing caps on Arbor Discs and tighten cap bolts to 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.).

– – – –

ARBOR DISC PINION BLOCK ARBOR PINION HEIGHT BLOCK

If the dial indicator can not achieve the zero reading, the rear bearing cup or the pinion depth gauge set is not installed correctly. (9) Select a shim/oil slinger equal to the dial indicator reading plus the drive pinion depth variance number etched in the face of the pinion (Fig. 77). For example, if the depth variance is –2, add +0.002 in. to the dial indicator reading.

NOTE: Arbor Discs 6732 has different step diameters to fit other axles. Choose proper step for axle being serviced. (5) Assemble Dial Indicator C-3339 into Scooter Block D-115-2 and secure set screw. (6) Place Scooter Block/Dial Indicator in position in axle housing so dial probe and scooter block are flush against the rearward surface of the pinion height block (Fig. 79). Hold scooter block in place and zero the dial indicator face to the pointer. Tighten dial indicator face lock screw. (7) With scooter block still in position against the pinion height block, slowly slide the dial indicator probe over the edge of the pinion height block. (8) Slide the dial indicator probe across the gap between the pinion height block and the arbor bar with the scooter block against the pinion height block (Fig. 82). When the dial probe contacts the arbor bar, the dial pointer will turn clockwise. Bring dial pointer back to zero against the arbor bar, do not turn dial face. Continue moving the dial probe to the crest of the arbor bar and record the highest reading.

Fig. 82 Pinion Gear Depth Measurement—Typical 1 – ARBOR 2 – SCOOTER BLOCK 3 – DIAL INDICATOR

181 FBI DIFFERENTIAL BEARING PRELOAD AND GEAR BACKLASH INTRODUCTION Differential side bearing preload and gear backlash is achieved by selective shims positioned behind the

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 53

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) differential side bearing cones. The proper shim thickness can be determined using slip-fit dummy bearings D-348 in place of the differential side bearings and a dial indicator C-3339. Before proceeding with the differential bearing preload and gear backlash measurements, measure the pinion gear depth and prepare the pinion for installation. Establishing proper pinion gear depth is essential to establishing gear backlash and tooth contact patterns. After the overall shim thickness to take up differential side play is measured, the pinion is installed, and the gear backlash shim thickness is measured. The overall shim thickness is the total of the dial indicator reading and the preload specification added together. The gear backlash measurement determines the thickness of the shim used on the ring gear side of the differential case. Subtract the gear backlash shim thickness from the total overall shim thickness and select that amount for the pinion gear side of the differential (Fig. 83). Differential shim measurements are performed with axle spreader W-129-B removed.

(2) Remove factory installed shims from differential case. (3) Install ring gear on differential case and tighten bolts to specification. (4) Install dummy side bearings D-348 on differential case. (5) Install differential case in axle housing. (6) Install the marked bearing caps in their correct positions. Install and snug the bolts (Fig. 84).

Fig. 84 Tighten Bolts Holding Bearing Caps 1 – BEARING CAP 2 – AXLE HOUSING 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(7) Using a dead-blow type mallet, seat the differential dummy bearings to each side of the axle housing (Fig. 85) and (Fig. 86).

Fig. 83 Axle Adjustment Shim Locations 1 – PINION GEAR DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE 2 – DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM

SHIM SELECTION NOTE: It is difficult to salvage the differential side bearings during the removal procedure. Install replacement bearings if necessary. (1) Remove differential side bearings from differential case.

Fig. 85 Seat Pinion Gear Side Differential Dummy Side Bearing 1 – MALLET 2 – AXLE HOUSING 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(8) Thread guide stud C-3288-B into rear cover bolt hole below ring gear (Fig. 87).

3 - 54

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued)

Fig. 88 Hold Differential Case and Zero Dial Indicator

Fig. 86 Seat Ring Gear Side Differential Dummy Side Bearing 1 – AXLE HOUSING 2 – MALLET 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(9) Attach a dial indicator C-3339 to guide stud. Position the dial indicator plunger on a flat surface between the ring gear bolt heads (Fig. 87).

1 2 3 4

– – – –

FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO PINION GEAR SIDE SPECIAL TOOL C-3288–B SPECIAL TOOL C-3339 ZERO DIAL INDICATOR FACE

(12) Push and hold differential case to ring gear side of the axle housing (Fig. 89). (13) Record dial indicator reading (Fig. 89).

Fig. 89 Hold Differential Case and Read Dial Indicator 1 – READ DIAL INDICATOR 2 – FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO RING GEAR SIDE 3 – AXLE HOUSING

Fig. 87 Differential Side play Measurement 1 2 3 4

– – – –

DIFFERENTIAL CASE AXLE HOUSING SPECIAL TOOL C-3288–B SPECIAL TOOL C-3339

(10) Push and hold differential case to pinion gear side of axle housing (Fig. 88). (11) Zero dial indicator face to pointer (Fig. 88).

(14) Add 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) to the zero end play total. This new total represents the thickness of shims to compress, or preload the new bearings when the differential is installed. (15) Rotate dial indicator out of the way on the guide stud. (16) Remove differential case and dummy bearings from axle housing.

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 55

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) (17) Install the pinion gear in axle housing. Install the pinion yoke and establish the correct pinion rotating torque. (18) Install differential case and dummy bearings D-348 in axle housing (without shims), install bearing caps and tighten bolts snug. (19) Seat ring gear side dummy bearing (Fig. 86). (20) Position the dial indicator plunger on a flat surface between the ring gear bolt heads. (Fig. 87). (21) Push and hold differential case toward pinion gear (Fig. 90). (22) Zero dial indicator face to pointer (Fig. 90).

Fig. 91 Hold Differential Case and Read Dial Indicator 1 2 3 4 5

Fig. 90 Hold Differential Case and Zero Dial Indicator 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

ZERO DIAL INDICATOR FACE FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO PINION GEAR SIDE PINION GEAR AXLE HOUSING DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(23) Push and hold differential case to ring gear side of the axle housing (Fig. 91). (24) Record dial indicator reading (Fig. 91). (25) Subtract 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) from the dial indicator reading to compensate for backlash between ring and pinion gears. This total is the thickness shim required to achieve proper backlash. (26) Subtract the backlash shim thickness from the total preload shim thickness. The remainder is the shim thickness required on the pinion side of the axle housing. (27) Rotate dial indicator out of the way on guide stud. (28) Remove differential case and dummy bearings from axle housing. (29) Install the selected side bearing shims onto the differential case hubs. (30) Install side bearings and cups on differential case.

– – – – –

READ DIAL INDICATOR FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO RING GEAR SIDE PINION GEAR AXLE HOUSING DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(31) Install spreader W-129-B, utilizing some items from Adapter Set 6987, on axle housing and spread axle opening enough to receive differential case. (32) Install differential case into the axle housing. (33) Remove spreader from axle housing. (34) Rotate the differential case several times to seat the side bearings. (35) Position the indicator plunger against a ring gear tooth (Fig. 92). (36) Push and hold ring gear upward while not allowing the pinion gear to rotate. (37) Zero dial indicator face to pointer. (38) Push and hold ring gear downward while not allowing the pinion gear to rotate. Dial indicator reading should be between 0.12 mm (0.005 in.) and 0.20 mm (0.008 in.). If backlash is not within specifications transfer the necessary amount of shim thickness from one side of the axle housing to the other (Fig. 93). (39) Verify differential case and ring gear runout by measuring ring to pinion gear backlash at eight locations around the ring gear. Readings should not vary more than 0.05 mm (0.002 in.). If readings vary more than specified, the ring gear or the differential case is defective. After the proper backlash is achieved, perform Gear Contact Pattern Analysis procedure.

3 - 56

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) proper pinion gear depth is essential to establishing gear backlash and tooth contact patterns. After the overall shim thickness to take up differential side play is measured, the pinion is installed, and the gear backlash shim thickness is measured. The overall shim thickness is the total of the dial indicator reading and the preload specification added together. The gear backlash measurement determines the thickness of the shim used on the ring gear side of the differential case. Subtract the gear backlash shim thickness from the total overall shim thickness and select that amount for the pinion gear side of the differential (Fig. 94). Differential shim measurements are performed with axle spreader W-129-B removed.

Fig. 92 Ring Gear Backlash Measurement 1 – DIAL INDICATOR

Fig. 94 Axle Adjustment Shim Locations 1 – PINION GEAR DEPTH SHIM/OIL BAFFLE 2 – DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM

Fig. 93 Backlash Shim Adjustment

SHIM SELECTION

186 FBI DIFFERENTIAL BEARING PRELOAD AND GEAR BACKLASH

NOTE: It is difficult to salvage the differential side bearings during the removal procedure. Install replacement bearings if necessary.

INTRODUCTION

(1) Remove differential side bearings from differential case. (2) Remove factory installed shims from differential case. (3) Install ring gear on differential case and tighten bolts to specification. (4) Install dummy side bearings D-348 on differential case. (5) Install differential case in axle housing.

Differential side bearing preload and gear backlash is achieved by selective shims positioned behind the differential side bearing cones. The proper shim thickness can be determined using slip-fit dummy bearings D-348 in place of the differential side bearings and a dial indicator C-3339. Before proceeding with the differential bearing preload and gear backlash measurements, measure the pinion gear depth and prepare the pinion for installation. Establishing

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 57

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) (6) Install the marked bearing caps in their correct positions. Install and snug the bolts (Fig. 95).

Fig. 95 Tighten Bolts Holding Bearing Caps 1 – BEARING CAP 2 – AXLE HOUSING 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

Fig. 97 Seat Ring Gear Side Differential Dummy Side Bearing 1 – AXLE HOUSING 2 – MALLET 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(7) Using a dead-blow type mallet, seat the differential dummy bearings to each side of the axle housing (Fig. 96) and (Fig. 97).

Fig. 96 Seat Pinion Gear Side Differential Dummy Side Bearing 1 – MALLET 2 – AXLE HOUSING 3 – DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(8) Thread guide stud C-3288-B into rear cover bolt hole below ring gear (Fig. 98). (9) Attach a dial indicator C-3339 to guide stud. Position the dial indicator plunger on a flat surface between the ring gear bolt heads (Fig. 98). (10) Push and hold differential case to pinion gear side of axle housing (Fig. 99). (11) Zero dial indicator face to pointer (Fig. 99).

Fig. 98 Differential Side play Measurement 1 2 3 4

– – – –

DIFFERENTIAL CASE AXLE HOUSING SPECIAL TOOL C-3288–B SPECIAL TOOL C-3339

(12) Push and hold differential case to ring gear side of the axle housing (Fig. 100). (13) Record dial indicator reading (Fig. 100). (14) Add 0.008 in. (0.2 mm) to the zero end play total. This new total represents the thickness of

3 - 58

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) (19) Seat ring gear side dummy bearing (Fig. 97). (20) Position the dial indicator plunger on a flat surface between the ring gear bolt heads. (Fig. 98). (21) Push and hold differential case toward pinion gear (Fig. 101). (22) Zero dial indicator face to pointer (Fig. 101).

Fig. 99 Hold Differential Case and Zero Dial Indicator 1 2 3 4

– – – –

FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO PINION GEAR SIDE SPECIAL TOOL C-3288–B SPECIAL TOOL C-3339 ZERO DIAL INDICATOR FACE

Fig. 101 Hold Differential Case and Zero Dial Indicator 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

ZERO DIAL INDICATOR FACE FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO PINION GEAR SIDE PINION GEAR AXLE HOUSING DIFFERENTIAL CASE

(23) Push and hold differential case to ring gear side of the axle housing (Fig. 102). (24) Record dial indicator reading (Fig. 102).

Fig. 100 Hold Differential Case and Read Dial Indicator 1 – READ DIAL INDICATOR 2 – FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO RING GEAR SIDE 3 – AXLE HOUSING

shims to compress, or preload the new bearings when the differential is installed. (15) Rotate dial indicator out of the way on the guide stud. (16) Remove differential case and dummy bearings from axle housing. (17) Install the pinion in the axle housing. Install the pinion yoke and establish the correct pinion rotating torque. (18) Install differential case and dummy bearings D-348 in axle housing (without shims), install bearing caps and tighten bolts snug.

Fig. 102 Hold Differential Case and Read Dial Indicator 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

READ DIAL INDICATOR FORCE DIFFERENTIAL CASE TO RING GEAR SIDE PINION GEAR AXLE HOUSING DIFFERENTIAL CASE

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

3 - 59

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued) (25) Subtract 0.002 in. (0.05 mm) from the dial indicator reading to compensate for backlash between ring and pinion gears. This total is the thickness shim required to achieve proper backlash. (26) Subtract the backlash shim thickness from the total preload shim thickness. The remainder is the shim thickness required on the pinion side of the axle housing. (27) Rotate dial indicator out of the way on guide stud. (28) Remove differential case and dummy bearings from axle housing. (29) Install side bearing shims on differential case hubs. (30) Install side bearings and cups on differential case. (31) Install spreader W-129-B, utilizing some items from Adapter Set 6987, on axle housing and spread axle opening enough to receive differential case. (32) Install differential case in axle housing. (33) Remove spreader from axle housing. (34) Rotate the differential case several times to seat the side bearings. (35) Position the indicator plunger against a ring gear tooth (Fig. 103). (36) Push and hold ring gear upward while not allowing the pinion gear to rotate. (37) Zero dial indicator face to pointer. (38) Push and hold ring gear downward while not allowing the pinion gear to rotate. Dial indicator reading should be between 0.12 mm (0.005 in.) and 0.20 mm (0.008 in.). If backlash is not within specifications transfer the necessary amount of shim thickness from one side of the axle housing to the other (Fig. 104). (39) Verify differential case and ring gear runout by measuring ring to pinion gear backlash at eight locations around the ring gear. Readings should not vary more than 0.05 mm (0.002 in.). If readings vary more than specified, the ring gear or the differential case is defective. After the proper backlash is achieved, perform Gear Contact Pattern Analysis procedure.

GEAR CONTACT PATTERN ANALYSIS The ring gear and pinion teeth contact patterns will show if the pinion depth is correct in the axle housing. It will also show if the ring gear backlash has been adjusted correctly. The backlash can be adjusted within specifications to achieve desired tooth contact patterns. (1) Apply a thin coat of hydrated ferric oxide, or equivalent, to the drive and coast side of the ring gear teeth. (2) Wrap, twist, and hold a shop towel around the pinion yoke to increase the turning resistance of the

Fig. 103 Ring Gear Backlash Measurement 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; DIAL INDICATOR

Fig. 104 Backlash Shim Adjustment pinion. This will provide a more distinct contact pattern. (3) Using a boxed end wrench on a ring gear bolt, Rotate the differential case one complete revolution in both directions while a load is being applied from shop towel. The areas on the ring gear teeth with the greatest degree of contact against the pinion teeth will squeegee the compound to the areas with the least amount of contact. Note and compare patterns on the ring gear teeth to Gear Tooth Contact Patterns chart (Fig. 105) and adjust pinion depth and gear backlash as necessary.

3 - 60

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

ADJUSTMENTS (Continued)

Fig. 105 Gear Tooth Contact Patterns

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIAL TOOLS

181 FBI AXLE

181 and 186 FBI AXLE

Axle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hypoid Lubricant–Std. . . . . SAE Thermally Stable 80W–90 Lubricant–Heavy Duty . . . SAE 75W–140 Synthetic Lube Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.48 L (3.13 pts.) Axle Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.07, 3.55, 3.73, 4.10 Differential Side Gear Clearance . . . 0.12–0.20 mm (0.005–0.008 in.) Ring Gear Diameter . . . . . . . . . 18.09 cm (7.125 in.) Backlash . . . . . . . . . . . 0–0.15 mm (0.005–0.008 in.) Pinion Std. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 mm (3.625 in.) Pinion Bearing Rotating Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original Bearings . . . . . . . 1–2 N·m (10–20 in. lbs.) New Bearings . . . . . . . . . 1.5–4 N·m (15–35 in. lbs.)

Puller—C-293-PA

186 FBI AXLE Axle Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hypoid Lubricant–Std. . . . . SAE Thermally Stable 80W–90 Lubricant–Heavy Duty . . . SAE 75W–140 Synthetic Lube Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.18 L (2.5 pts.) Axle Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.07, 3.55, 3.73, 4.10 Differential Side Gear Clearance . . . 0.12–0.20 mm (0.005–0.008 in.) Ring Gear Diameter . . . . . . . . . 18.59 cm (7.33 in.) Backlash . . . . . . . . . . . 0–0.15 mm (0.005–0.008 in.) Pinion Std. Depth . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 mm (3.625 in.) Pinion Bearing Rotating Torque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Original Bearings . . . . . . . 1–2 N·m (10–20 in. lbs.) New Bearings . . . . . . . . . 1.5–4 N·m (15–35 in. lbs.)

Plug—SP-3289

Adapter—C-293-39

TORQUE DESCRIPTION TORQUE Fill Hole Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 N·m (25 ft. lbs.) Diff. Cover Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) Bearing Cap Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 N·m (45 ft. lbs.) Ring Gear Bolt . . . . . . . 95–122 N·m (70–90 ft. lbs.) Axle Nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 N·m (175 ft. lbs.) Hub Brg. Bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 N·m (75 ft. lbs.) Lower Ball Stud . . . . . . . . . . . 108 N·m (80 ft. lbs.) Upper Ball Stud . . . . . . . . . . . 101 N·m (75 ft. lbs.)

Puller—C-452

Wrench—C-3281

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

SPECIAL TOOLS (Continued)

Dial Indicator—C-3339 Installer—W-162-D

Driver—C-3716-A Cup—8109

Remover/Installer—6289 Handle—C-4171

Installer—6761 Installer—D-146

Remover—D-149

Installer—6752

TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

XJ SPECIAL TOOLS (Continued)

Installer Discs—8110

Turnbuckle—6797

Installer—C-3972-A

Spreader—W-129-B

Tool Set, Pinion Depth—6774 Adapter Kit—6987

Gauge Block—6733 Pilot Stud—C-3288-B

Spanner—6958 Remover—D-147

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TUBE, 181, AND 186 FBI AXLE

SPECIAL TOOLS (Continued)

Installer—D-144 Installer—W-262

194 RBI AXLE

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194 RBI AXLE TABLE OF CONTENTS page DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 194 RBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LUBRICANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . TRAC-LOKY DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . GEAR NOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEARING NOISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LOW SPEED KNOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DRIVELINE SNAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRAC–LOKY DIFFERENTIAL NOISE . TRAC–LOKY TEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SERVICE PROCEDURES LUBRICANT CHANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION REAR AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PINION SHAFT SEAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . COLLAPSIBLE SPACER. . . . . . . . . . . AXLE SHAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AXLE SHAFT SEAL AND BEARING . .

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. 65 . 66 . 66 . 66

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. 67 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 71

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. 72 . 72 . 74 . 76 . 77

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 194 RBI AXLE DESCRIPTION The 194 Rear Beam-design Iron (RBI) axle housing has an iron center casting (differential housing) with axle shaft tubes extending from either side. The tubes are pressed into and welded to the differential housing to form a one-piece axle housing. The integral type, hypoid gear design, housing has the centerline of the pinion set below the centerline of the ring gear. The axle has a vent hose to relieve internal pressure caused by lubricant vaporization and internal expansion. The axles are equipped with semi–floating axle shafts, meaning that loads are supported by the axle shaft and bearings. The axle shafts are retained by C–clips in the differential side gears. The cover provides a means for servicing the differential without removing the axle. For vehicles equipped with ABS brakes, the axles have a tone ring pressed onto the axle shaft. Use care when removing axle shafts to ensure that the tone wheel or the wheel speed sensor are not damaged.

page DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFERENTIAL SIDE BEARINGS . . . . . . . . RING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PINION GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINAL ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . TRAC-LOKY DIFFERENTIAL . . . . . . . . . . . CLEANING AND INSPECTION AXLE COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TRAC-LOKY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ADJUSTMENTS PINION GEAR DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFERENTIAL BEARING PRELOAD AND GEAR BACKLASH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEAR CONTACT PATTERN ANALYSIS . . . SPECIFICATIONS 194 RBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 RBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SPECIAL TOOLS 194 RBI AXLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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. 78 . 80 . 80 . 81 . 85

. . . . . 86 . . . . . 87 . . . . . 91 . . . . . 91 . . . . . 91 . . . . . 94 . . . . . 97 . . . . . 99 . . . . . 99 . . . . . 99

The 194 RBI axle has the assembly part number and gear ratio listed on a tag. The tag is attached to the differential housing by a cover bolt. Build date identification codes are stamped on the cover side of an axle shaft tube. The differential case is a one-piece design. The differential pinion mate shaft is retained with a threaded pin. Differential bearing preload and ring gear backlash is adjusted by the use of selective spacer shims. Pinion bearing preload is set and maintained by the use of a collapsible spacer (Fig. 1). Axles equipped with a Trac-Loky differential are optional. A Trac-Lok differential has a one-piece differential case, and the same internal components as a standard differential, plus two clutch disc packs.

OPERATION The axle receives power from the transmission/ transfer case through the rear propeller shaft. The rear propeller shaft is connected to the pinion gear which rotates the differential through the gear mesh with the ring gear bolted to the differential case. The engine power is transmitted to the axle shafts through the pinion mate and side gears. The side gears are splined to the axle shafts.

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194 RBI AXLE

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

OPERATION

Fig. 1 Shim Locations 1 2 3 4 5

– – – – –

In operation, power flow occurs as follows: • The pinion gear rotates the ring gear • The ring gear (bolted to the differential case) rotates the case • The differential pinion gears (mounted on the pinion mate shaft in the case) rotate the side gears • The side gears (splined to the axle shafts) rotate the shafts During straight-ahead driving, the differential pinion gears do not rotate on the pinion mate shaft. This occurs because input torque applied to the gears is divided and distributed equally between the two side gears. As a result, the pinion gears revolve with the pinion mate shaft but do not rotate around it (Fig. 2).

PINION GEAR DEPTH SHIM DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM-PINION GEAR SIDE RING GEAR DIFFERENTIAL BEARING SHIM-RING GEAR SIDE COLLAPSIBLE SPACER

LUBRICANT DESCRIPTION A multi-purpose, hypoid gear lubricant which conforms to the following specifications should be used. Mopart Hypoid Gear Lubricant conforms to all of these specifications. • The lubricant should have MIL–L–2105C and API GL 5 quality specifications. • Lubricant is a thermally stable SAE 80W–90 gear lubricant. • Lubricant for axles intended for heavy-duty or trailer tow use is SAE 75W–140 SYNTHETIC gear lubricant. Trac-lok differentials require the addition of 3.5 oz. of friction modifier to the axle lubricant. The 194 RBI axle lubricant capacity is 1.66L (3.50 pts.) total, including the friction modifier if necessary. CAUTION: If axle is submerged in water, lubricant must be replaced immediately to avoid possible premature axle failure.

Fig. 2 Differential Operation—Straight Ahead Driving 1 – IN STRAIGHT AHEAD DRIVING EACH WHEEL ROTATES AT 100% OF CASE SPEED 2 – PINION GEAR 3 – SIDE GEAR 4 – PINION GEARS ROTATE WITH CASE

When turning corners, the outside wheel must travel a greater distance than the inside wheel to complete a turn. The difference must be compensated for to prevent the tires from scuffing and skidding through turns. To accomplish this, the differential allows the axle shafts to turn at unequal speeds (Fig. 3). In this instance, the input torque applied to the pinion gears is not divided equally. The pinion gears now rotate around the pinion mate shaft in opposite directions. This allows the side gear and axle shaft attached to the outside wheel to rotate at a faster speed.

TRAC-LOKY DIFFERENTIAL DESCRIPTION In a standard differential, if one wheel spins, the opposite wheel will generate only as much torque as the spinning wheel.

194 RBI AXLE

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DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION (Continued)

Fig. 3 Differential Operation—On Turns 1 – PINION GEARS ROTATE ON PINION SHAFT

In the Trac-loky differential, part of the ring gear torque is transmitted through clutch packs which contain multiple discs. The clutches will have radial grooves on the plates, and concentric grooves on the discs or bonded fiber material that is smooth in appearance.

OPERATION In operation, the Trac-loky clutches are engaged by two concurrent forces. The first being the preload force exerted through Belleville spring washers within the clutch packs. The second is the separating forces generated by the side gears as torque is applied through the ring gear (Fig. 4). The Trac-loky design provides the differential action needed for turning corners and for driving straight ahead during periods of unequal traction. When one wheel looses traction, the clutch packs transfer additional torque to the wheel having the most traction. Trac-loky differentials resist wheel spin on bumpy roads and provide more pulling power when one wheel looses traction. Pulling power is provided continuously until both wheels loose traction. If both wheels slip due to unequal traction, Trac-loky operation is normal. In extreme cases of differences of traction, the wheel with the least traction may spin.

Fig. 4 Trac-lokY Limited Slip Differential Operation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

– – – – – – – –

CASE RING GEAR DRIVE PINION PINION GEAR MATE SHAFT CLUTCH PACK SIDE GEAR CLUTCH PACK

• Incorrect backlash. Axle gear problem conditions are usually the result of: • Insufficient lubrication. • Incorrect or contaminated lubricant. • Overloading (excessive engine torque) or exceeding vehicle weight capacity. • Incorrect clearance or backlash adjustment. Axle component breakage is most often the result of: • Severe overloading. • Insufficient lubricant. • Incorrect lubricant. • Improperly tightened components. • Differential housing bores not square to each other.

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194 RBI AXLE

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) DIAGNOSTIC CHART Condition Wheel Noise

Axle Shaft Noise

Axle Shaft Broke

Differential Cracked

Differential Gears Scored

Possible Causes

Correction

1. Wheel loose.

1. Tighten loose nuts.

2. Faulty, brinelled wheel bearing.

2. Replace bearing.

1. Misaligned axle tube.

1. Inspect axle tube alignment. Correct as necessary.

2. Bent or sprung axle shaft.

2. Inspect and correct as necessary.

3. End-play in pinion bearings.

3. Refer to pinion pre-load information and correct as necessary.

4. Excessive gear backlash between the ring gear and pinion.

4. Check adjustment of the ring gear and pinion backlash. Correct as necessary.

5. Improper adjustment of pinion gear bearings.

5. Adjust the pinion bearings pre-load.

6. Loose pinion yoke nut.

6. Tighten the pinion yoke nut.

7. Scuffed gear tooth contact surfaces.

7. Inspect and replace as necessary.

1. Misaligned axle tube.

1. Replace the broken shaft after correcting tube mis-alignment.

2 Vehicle overloaded.

2. Replace broken shaft and avoid excessive weight on vehicle.

3. Erratic clutch operation.

3. Replace broken shaft and avoid or correct erratic clutch operation.

4. Grabbing clutch.

4. Replace broken shaft and inspect and repair clutch as necessary.

1. Improper adjustment of the differential bearings.

1. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Set differential bearing pre-load properly.

2. Excessive ring gear backlash.

2. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Set ring gear backlash properly.

3. Vehicle overloaded.

3. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Avoid excessive vehicle weight.

4. Erratic clutch operation.

4. Replace case and inspect gears and bearings for further damage. Avoid erratic use of clutch.

1. Insufficient lubrication.

1. Replace scored gears. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

2. Improper grade of lubricant.

2. Replace scored gears. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

3. Excessive spinning of one wheel/tire.

3. Replace scored gears. Inspect all gears, pinion bores, and shaft for damage. Service as necessary.

194 RBI AXLE

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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued) Condition

Possible Causes

Loss Of Lubricant

1. Lubricant level too high.

1. Drain lubricant to the correct level.

2. Worn axle shaft seals.

2. Replace seals.

3. Cracked differential housing.

3. Repair as necessary.

4. Worn pinion seal.

4. Replace seal.

5. Worn/scored yoke.

5. Replace yoke and seal.

6. Axle cover not properly sealed.

6. Remove, clean, and re-seal cover.

1. Lubricant level low.

1. Fill differential to correct level.

2. Improper grade of lubricant.

2. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

3. Bearing pre-loads too high.

3. Re-adjust bearing pre-loads.

4. Insufficient ring gear backlash.

4. Re-adjust ring gear backlash.

1. Overloading.

1. Replace gears. Examine other gears and bearings for possible damage.

2. Erratic clutch operation.

2. Replace gears and examine the remaining parts for damage. Avoid erratic clutch operation.

3. Ice-spotted pavement.

3. Replace gears and examine remaining parts for damage.

4. Improper adjustments.

4. Replace gears and examine remaining parts for damage. Ensure ring gear backlash is correct.

1. Insufficient lubricant.

1. Fill differential with the correct fluid type and quantity.

2. Improper ring gear and pinion adjustment.

2. Check ring gear and pinion contact pattern.

3. Unmatched ring gear and pinion.

3. Replace gears with a matched ring gear and pinion.

4. Worn teeth on ring gear and/or pinion.

4. Replace ring gear and pinion.

5. Loose pinion bearings.

5. Adjust pinion bearing pre-load.

6. Loose differential bearings.

6. Adjust differential bearing pre-load.

7. Mis-aligned or sprung ring gear.

7. Measure ring gear run-out. Replace components as necessary.

8. Loose differential bearing cap bolts.

8. Inspect differential components and replace as necessary. Ensure that the bearing caps are torqued tot he proper specification.

9. Housing not machined properly.

9. Replace housing.

Axle Overheating

Gear Teeth Broke

Axle Noise

Correction

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194 RBI AXLE

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

GEAR NOISE

VIBRATION

LOW SPEED KNOCK Low speed knock is generally caused by a worn U–joint or by worn side–gear thrust washers. A worn pinion shaft bore will also cause low speed knock.

TRAC–LOKY DIFFERENTIAL NOISE The most common problem is a chatter noise when turning corners. Before removing a Trac-loky unit for repair, drain, flush and refill the axle with the specified lubricant. Refer to Lubricant change in this Group. A container of Mopart Trac-loky Lubricant (friction modifier) should be added after repair service or during a lubricant change. After changing the lubricant, drive the vehicle and make 10 to 12 slow, figure-eight turns. This maneuver will pump lubricant through the clutches. This will correct the condition in most instances. If the chatter persists, clutch damage could have occurred.

194 RBI AXLE

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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)

TRAC–LOKY TEST WARNING: WHEN SERVICING VEHICLES WITH A TRAC–LOKY DIFFERENTIAL DO NOT USE THE ENGINE TO TURN THE AXLE AND WHEELS. BOTH REAR WHEELS MUST BE RAISED AND THE VEHICLE SUPPORTED. A TRAC–LOKY AXLE CAN EXERT ENOUGH FORCE IF ONE WHEEL IS IN CONTACT WITH A SURFACE TO CAUSE THE VEHICLE TO MOVE.

(3) Remove the differential housing cover and drain the lubricant from the housing. (4) Clean the housing cavity with a flushing oil, light engine oil, or lint free cloth. Do not use water, steam, kerosene, or gasoline for cleaning. (5) Remove the original sealant from the housing and cover surfaces. (6) Apply a bead of Mopart Silicone Rubber Sealant, or equivalent, to the housing cover (Fig. 6).

The differential can be tested without removing the differential case by measuring rotating torque. Make sure brakes are not dragging during this measurement. (1) Place blocks in front and rear of both front wheels. (2) Raise one rear wheel until it is completely off the ground. (3) Engine off, transmission in neutral, and parking brake off. (4) Remove wheel and bolt Special Tool 6790 to studs. (5) Use torque wrench on special tool to rotate wheel and read rotating torque (Fig. 5).

Fig. 6 Apply Sealant 1 – SEALANT 2 – AXLE HOUSING COVER

Fig. 5 Trac-lokY Test —Typical 1 – SPECIAL TOOL 6790 WITH BOLT IN CENTER HOLE 2 – TORQUE WRENCH

(6) If rotating torque is less than 22 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) or more than 271 N·m (200 ft. lbs.) on either wheel the unit should be serviced.

SERVICE PROCEDURES LUBRICANT CHANGE (1) Raise and support the vehicle. (2) Remove the lubricant fill hole plug from the differential housing cover.

Install the housing cover within 5 minutes after applying the sealant. (7) Install the cover and any identification tag. Tighten the cover bolts to 41 N·m (30 ft. lbs.) torque. (8) For Trac–loky differentials, a quantity of Mopart Trac–loky lubricant (friction modifier), or equivalent, must be added after repair service or a lubricant change. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications section of this group for the quantity necessary. (9) Fill differential with Mopart Hypoid Gear Lubricant, or equivalent, to bottom of the fill plug hole. Refer to the Lubricant Specifications section of this group for the quantity necessary. CAUTION: Overfilling the differential can result in lubricant foaming and overheating. (10) Install the fill hole plug and lower the vehicle. (11) Trac–loky differential equipped vehicles should be road tested by making 10 to 12 slow figureeight turns. This maneuver will pump the lubricant through the clutch discs to eliminate a possible chatter noise complaint.

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