HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Ravinder Singh Chawla CHAWLA MEDICOS
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, if not treated. Unlike some other viruses, the human body can’t get rid of HIV completely, even with treatment. So, once you get HIV, you have it for life. HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections. Untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T cells) in the body, making the person more likely to get other infections or infection-related cancers. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease. These opportunistic infections or cancers take advantage of a very weak immune system and signal that the person has AIDS, the last stage of HIV infection.
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No effective cure currently exists, but with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. The medicine used to treat HIV is called antiretroviral therapy or ART. If taken the right way, every day, this medicine can dramatically prolong the lives of many people infected with HIV, keep them healthy, and greatly lower their chance of infecting others. Before the introduction of ART in the mid-1990s, people with HIV could progress to AIDS in just a few years. Today, someone diagnosed with HIV and treated before the disease is far advanced can live nearly as long as someone who does not have HIV.
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AIDS is the most severe phase of HIV infection. People with AIDS have such badly damaged immune systems that they get an increasing number of severe illnesses, called opportunistic infections. This is the stage of HIV infection that occurs when your immune system is badly damaged and you become vulnerable to opportunistic infections. When the number of your CD4 cells falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood (200 cells/mm3), you are considered to have progressed to AIDS. (In someone with a healthy immune system, CD4 counts are between 500 and 1,600 cells/mm3.) You are also considered to have progressed to AIDS if you develop one or more opportunistic illnesses, regardless of your CD4 count. Without treatment, people who progress to AIDS typically survive about 3 years. Once you have a dangerous opportunistic +91-9999098733
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illness, life-expectancy without treatment falls to about 1 year. ART can be helpful for people who have AIDS when diagnosed and can be lifesaving. Treatment is likely to benefit people with HIV no matter when it is started, but people who start ART soon after they get HIV experience more benefits from treatment than do people who start treatment after they have developed AIDS. In the United States, most people with HIV do not develop AIDS because effective ART stops disease progression. People with HIV who are diagnosed early can have a life span that is about the same as someone like them who does not HIV. People living with HIV may progress through these stages at different rates, depending on a variety of factors, including their genetic makeup, how healthy they were before they were infected, how much virus they were exposed to and its genetic characteristics, how soon after infection they are diagnosed and linked to care and treatment, whether they see their healthcare provider regularly and take their HIV medications as directed, and different health-related choices they make, such as decisions to eat a healthful diet, exercise, and not smoke.
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HIV is spread through contact with certain body fluids from a person with HIV. These body fluids include:
Blood Semen Pre-seminal fluid Vaginal fluids Rectal fluids Breast milk
The spread of HIV from person to person is called HIV transmission. The spread of HIV from a woman with HIV to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding is called mother-to-child transmission of HIV. In the United States, HIV is spread mainly by having sex with or sharing drug injection equipment with someone who has HIV. To reduce your risk of HIV infection, use condoms correctly and consistently during sex, limit your number of sexual partners, and never share drug injection equipment.
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You can’t get HIV by shaking hands or hugging a person who has HIV. You also can’t get HIV from contact with objects such as dishes, toilet seats, or doorknobs used by a person with HIV. HIV does not spread through the air or through mosquito, tick, or other insect bites.
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Within 2 to 4 weeks after a person becomes infected with HIV, they may have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, or rash. The symptoms may last for a few weeks after they become infected. After this earliest stage of HIV infection, HIV continues to multiply but at very low levels. More severe symptoms of HIV infection, such as signs of opportunistic infections, generally don’t appear for many years. (Opportunistic infections are infections and infection-related cancers that occur more frequently or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems. +91-9999098733
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Without treatment with HIV medicines, HIV infection usually advances to AIDS in 10 years or longer, though it may take less time for some people.
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Duovir is used as part of a regimen of antiretroviral medications to treat HIV. Each Duover pill contains 150 mg of lamivudine and 300mg of zidovudine. At least one other anti-HIV medication must be co-administered with duovir to prevent HIV from progressing to AIDS. headache rash nausea malaise and fatigue diarrhoea anorexia vomiting chills abdominal pain dyspepsia lactic acidosis +91-9999098733
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fever anaemia neutropenia thrombocytopenia
Tenvir-EM tablets are a fixed dose combination treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in adults over age 18. Tenvir-EM tablets are used combination with other medications that have a different mechanism of action to the components in TenvirEM, and are used to treat patients with HIV infection who have either already received treatment with other medications for HIV or as first line therapy for treatmentinexperienced patients. HIV impairs the immune system by attacking specific immune cells called CD4+ cells that are involved in fighting infection and this can lead to opportunistic life-threatening infection (infections that would not normally be harmful); also if too many CD4+ cells are destroyed this can +91-9999098733
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result in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). TenvirEM tablets prevent or slow down the ability of HIV to replicate and spread, which keeps the amount virus down to a low level and this results in an increase in CD4 cell numbers, so that the immune system can recover, reducing the risk of disease progression.
We have marked a well-known position in this area by providing a broad range of Hepcivir L Tablet. Owing to high demand, we offer this product in diverse packing option that meet on client’s demand . HEPCVIR-L is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, which are direct-acting antiviral agents against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Ledipasvir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein, which is required for viral replication. Sofosbuvir is an inhibitor of the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is required for viral replication. Sofosbuvir is a nucleotide prodrug that undergoes intracellular metabolism to form the pharmacologically active +91-9999098733
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uridine analog triphosphate (GS-461203), which can be incorporated into HCV RNA by the NS5B polymerase and acts as a chain terminator.Hepcvir-L is the first once-a-day, fixeddose oral combination therapy that has been approved for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. Based on a generic version of Gilead Sciences Inc’s Harvoni tablets, Hepcvir-L will be sold in India at Rs 25,000 (~US$377) for a bottle of 28 tablets. Relative to fasting conditions, the administration of a single dose of ledipasvir -sofosbuvirFDC with a moderate fat (~600 kcal, 25% to 30% fat) or high fat (~1,000 kcal, 50% fat) meal increased sofosbuvir AUC0-inf by approximately 2-fold, but did not significantly affect sofosbuvir Cmax. The exposures of GS331007 and ledipasvir were not altered in the presence of either meal type. The response rates in Phase 3 trials were similar in HCV-infected subjects who received ledipasvir -sofosbuvir FDC with food or without food. Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir FDC can be administered without regard to food.
Following a single 90 mg oral dose of -ledipasvir, mean total recovery of the -radioactivity in feces and urine was approximately 87%, with most of the radioactive dose recovered from feces (approximately 86%). Unchanged ledipasvir excreted in feces accounted for a mean of 70% of the administered dose and the oxidative metabolite M19 accounted for 2.2% of the dose. These data indicate that biliary excretion of unchanged ledipasvir is a major route of elimination, with renal excretion +91-9999098733
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being a minor pathway (approximately 1%). The median terminal half-life of ledipasvir following administration of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir FDC was 47 hours.
Viraday tablets are a fixed dose combination treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in adults over age 18. Viraday tablets are used to treat HIV patients who have already received treatment with other HIV medications and have responded to all medications prescribed; they can also be used alone as monotherapy or in combination with other HIV medications. HIV impairs the immune system by attacking specific immune cells called CD4+ cells that are involved in fighting infection, which can lead to opportunistic life-threatening infection (infections that would not normally be harmful); also if too many CD4+ cells are destroyed this can result in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Viraday tablets prevent or slow down the ability of HIV to replicate and spread, which keeps the amount +91-9999098733
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virus down to a low level and this results in an increase in CD4 cell numbers, so that the immune system can recover, reducing the risk of disease progression.
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