Portfolio zhijingyang by Zhijing Yang

ZHIJING YANG Master of science architecture in digial technologies University of Michigan, taubman college Seleted work: 2012-2016

Zhijing Yang, Candice Correspondence Address 1974 traver road, apt 109 Ann arbor, Michigan Contact 734-8343463 yzhijing@umich.edu

EDUCATION 2010-2015

Hunan University Bacholor of Architecture

2015-2016

University of Michigan Master of Science Architecture in Digital Technology Studio

ACADEMIC QUILIFICATIONS AND SCHOLORSHIPS 2015 2

Schorlarships of Master of Science Studio Fig. Using Electric Grinder

WORK EXPERIENCE 2016

Grasshopper Workshop in University of Michigan Tutor Teaching Basic skills in grasshopper and primary application

2016

SPAN Architecture, NY Externship Interior Design and furniture design for private house

2014

Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsingha University, Beijing Intern in Design Department Participated in the renovation project of Buddhism culture area located in Taishan North Road

2014

Changsha Planning&Design Institute Intern in Design Department Particapated in the design project of Cultural Center in Urumch

2013

Weichunyu Place-making Studio Intern in Design Department Participated in the preliminary design scheme for Hexi Urban Complex project

EXHIBITIONS 2016

Taubman College Architecture Studio Exhibition Weave Growing, Material Engagement Application

ACQUIRED SKILLS Proficient in Adobe Creative Suite( Photoshop, Indesign, Illustrator, After effect, Lightroom, Rhino-3D, SketchUp, AutoCAD, VectorWork, Vary( for Sketchup, for Rhino), Processing, Python in Rhino, Grasshopper. Having experiences in using 3-Axis Robot and 5-Axis Robot, CNC Rounter, Zunt cut Machine.

CONTENT

[UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN]

SUMMER- TECHONOLOGY APPLICATION 2015

STRETCH&TWIST ROBOT TECHNOLOGY PRIMARY APPLICATION

FALL- DIGITAL PRATICAL 2015

FALLING STARS TEXTILE STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROGRAM.

2015

WAVE INTERFERENCE MATERIAL ENGAGEMENT

2015

WEAVE GROWING COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN FOR VIRTUAL ENGAGEMENT

Tool:Laser cut, 3 Axis Robot, 3 Axis CNC Router, water jet

STRETCH&TWIST 4

Tool:Knitting Machine

FALLING STARS

Tool: 5-Axis Robot, Plastic extruder

WAVE INTERFERENCE

Tool:3D Printer

Tool:5-Axis Robot, Hotwire cut

WEAVE GROWING

SHURKOV TOWER

2015

SHURKOV TOWER DESIGN FOR COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN .

WINTER- CAPSTONE&DESIGN THINKING 2016

BLOCK CUTTING CAPSTONE

2016

FOLDING CONCRETE CAPSTONE

Tool:5-Axis Robot, Hotwire cut

To o l : L a s e r c u t , Z u n t c u t ,

BLOCK CUTTING

FOLDING CONCRETE

Concrete mixer, Electric grinder

[HUNAN UNIVERSITY]

2012

MOUNTAINOUS BUS STOP AT THE FOOT OF THE YUELU MOUNTAIN

2013

STREET MEMORIAL LIBRARY COMMUNITY MEMORIAL LIBRARY IN BEIZHENG STREET

2014

RHOMBIC WEAVE EXHIBITION VENTER IN YANGHUYUAN WETLAND PARK

2014

TIDE KIOSK OF THE SHEKOU ARE IN GUANGZHOU

2010-2015

OTHER WORKS

[TWIST AND STRETCH] Design Practicum TAUBMAN: ARCH700 CRITIC: KARL DAUBMAN, KATIE NEWELL TOOL: Laser cut, 3 Axis Robot, 3 Axis CNC Router YEAR: 2015 SUMMER

The project seeks to engage in the evoluation from hand crafting to the digital crafting. The main subject responded to the intensified trends of various tools and technologies collaborating in the design process. This group of models explores the possibilities of how to consider the classic architecture questions like space and volume and how to reappear the design by digital fabrication.

The process focus on the plaster casting. The materials are all the same from the begining. Plaster casting mainly relied on molds which is different from the previous modeling process. The opposite sides of the volumn need to be considered when designing. Various tools engaged through the whole process crafting different materials that fit for plaster. The mold materials require water-proof and weight-support ability. But some materials not qaulified for this may have surprised fabrication outcome. For example, fabric does not support the weight good and is not water-proof. But it can varified the shape other than just solid and wellcontrolled form.

[Project005] unit creating

Plaster requires time to transformate from liquid to solid. The projects translate between 3d and 2d. The materials include thin sheet, strectch fabric and foam core to create soft molds for a series of plaster casts. To create intersected voids through a cubic volume. Suspend the fabric mold in space during the pour and strategically consider attachment points. The process starts at handcraft to get the acknowledge of the logic and attributes of the plaster system. When I working on the void, I need to know how the solid part forms void. Because they are both intersected. Then I started to focus on the solid part which will be involved into next step: To be the void part in the block which may contains multipy and rotation in movement. After working on the balance between solid and void part, It is the congregation that affect the final design. The intersected void and solid in space must can connected to other unit in every directions. [01] HANDCRAFT

[02] MACHINE LEARNING

[03] MACHINE LEARNING

[05] TOOLS APPLYING

WORKING ON VOID

WORKING ON SOLID

UNIT&CONGREGATION

TOOLS ENGAGEMENT

HOW CAN THE COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN STARTED FROM SKETCH AND HANDCRAFT? WHAT IF YOU COULD NOT ONLY CRAFT BY ROBOT BUT ALSO DESIGN BY ROBOT? 9

[01]

Process

Mold

high tension line craftes

of the first plaster block

Model

with light leaking

of the first plaster block

HANDCRAFT CRAFTS OF VOID SPACE

The prep project aims to explore the crafting methods that influences the texture and space. How far can hand crafts go will be the study. Always, the elite workers handcraft the best parts of a machine. Then the machine can have the secondgrade accurancy. So how to control the results of the handcrafts will be the question. And another problem is how to handcrafts the product that match our design sketch. How to sharp my instinction of the distance.

For the salt block, I use the water jet to minipulate the texture created from cow licking the salt block. The space comes from the erosion blur the edge and boundary. And the space reappear the trace of water. For the plaster one, I test the fabric that used as mold. To have fabric as a part of mold, the problem is to give the support of plaster weight for fabric. In this project, I need to prestress the fabric.

Texture and space generated by corrasion

Detail the texture from fabric

Always, the industry line or the mature technology that can apply in fields required the quantity and quality. That means we always try to build the mold that can be reusable. So the void space around the solid block will be considered before design. The problem also includes where to pour the plaster, how to get the mold out if there is undercut and how to prevent leaking. Geometry Rail revolve

[02] MACHINE LEARING MACHINE APPLYING

MIRROR Asymmetric objects

horizental incline congregation

Vertical incline congregation

Mold and crafting

[01] RAILREVOLVE Use the line sweep through a guide

[02] Create a umsymmetry cone

[03] Two cone congregate

[04]Use the congregation to split the block

[04] Boolean split

[04] Unit

This design focus on the investigations of solid and void. The attempt is to make the curves move through both sides of the model. The unit needed to be simple and easy to replicable. But the congregation can develop the blocks into new level complexity. Making the solid create void by aggregation to explore the variations. Because the unit can be connected to each other by six directions. Every angle need to be considered while designing. The method of doing the design is finding the symmtry cutting otherwise point symmtry geometry cutting. Amongst the computer-aided manufacturing technologies, This project uses the 3-Axis CNC Routing Machine to builid molds in high accurancy and good effiency.

UNIT BLOCK 12

Mold

The process is to create two parts of the mold. One is the outside box which contains the ability to attach the shape mold.The shape mold are milled by 3-Axis CNC Router. And the outside box are made by acrylic board. The fabrication procecss is flexible for making change of the unit. If the size of the block keep constant, the shape mold can be varied like increasing the height or change the incclination angle. Or just simply change the height of the box without changing the shape mold can alter the height of block.

[CONGREGATION VARIATION]

[03] TOOLPATH ROBORT APPLYING

[RENDERING]

horizental incline congregation

Mold and crafting

[04]

TOOLPATH

TOOLPATH ROBORT APPLYING Divide toolpath into several points, use arc to connect the orient points

Divide toolpath into several points, use lines to connect the orient points

Divide toolpath into several points, use curves to connect the orient points

This project seeks to explore the movement logic of toolpath system. In this project, a small light bubble is attached to the end of the robot arm. The light painting can trace the toolpath. In kuka robot system, there are four basic movement logic: CIRC move, PTP move, at controls the path such as the points that divide the path and the speed. The number of the divide points directly affect the accurancy of the toolpath. The basic logic of the movement is dividing the orgin toolpath into several points. Then use curves or lines to connect the points. The main difference between PTP move and LIN move is the manipulation. The LIN move basically use the polyline to connecct the divide points. PTP move focus on simulating the origin toolpath which means it will correcct the toolpath if the points can not represent the origin path. LIN move , CIRC move, SPLINE move, SPLINE move double control point, PTP move, PTP double control point.(Left to right, up to bottom)

[05] TOOLPATH

[UNIT MAKING]

ROBORT APPLYING

[01]push_ precut fabric sewing by hot glue gun. Then use the vynel support to make it fit

The factors mainly depends on the shape of the support. The curvature is easily to control because of the hard support outside of the fabric.

[INSPIRATION] This design inspired by the Neurons. A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. There is two way to reappear the long and thin axons. In appearence, the Axons are stretching out from the body. The curve are smooth which seems like some part of the soma are scratching out of the main body. This project seeks to engage the tools and technologies completely in design. Designing mold that can create as more as possible models. Another word, model as machine.

[02]pull_ regular cubic fabric sewing together. strectch by strings attached to the wood frame.

The factors are including gravity and force on points. The shape is freeform and cannot be calculated. The bottom will bigger than the upper one by the gravity.

[05]

DISCRIPTION

TOOLPATH ROBORT APPLYING

9. 5"

8. 5"

7. 5"

In this project, the fabric are used as mold material. Not only because the stretch behavior that is similar to the neurons, but also the silt of fabric can help the plaster curing. To test the flexibility of the fabric, there are a seris of components listed. The geometry are composed by six same surfaces. They are transformed by the length of the stretch edge and the curvature that are stretched. curvature 10/360

curvature 15/360

curvature 20/360

curvature:45/360 distance: 7.5 inches

curvature:30/360 distance: 8.5 inches

curvature 30/360 curvature:20/360 distance: 9 inches

curvature 45/360

curvature:15/360 distance: 9.5 inches

[CONGREGATION]

[01]Two points connecting

[02]Two points crossing

Two Axons from both two blocks are connected each other. The edge will be cut and attached together.

Axons are connected to the soma from other blocks. It seems like they are crossing each other.

[03]Three points connecting

[04]One point connecting

Three Axons from both two blocks are connected each other. The edge will be cut and attached together.

one Axon from both two blocks are connected each other. The edge will be cut and attached together. 17

[01]Stretch fabirc 18

[02]Push and Support

[FABRICATION PROCESS]

In this project, all the crafting are more focus on the fabrication process. In the process, design are changed for or guided by crafting. Mo r eo ver, s o m etimes th e design are come from bottom to top which is derived from fabrication process. Materials and technology are more embedded in design.

[FALLING STARS] TEXILE STRUCTURE FOR INTERACTION PROGRAM

Force Distribution in Springs Forms

TAUBMAN: ARCH509 INSTRUCTOR: Sean Aquist PROJECT TEAM: Zhijing Yang, Amanda Asher, Nolan Sullivan(CS), Abby George(CS), Alex Levinson(CS), Daniel Couturier(cs) TOOL: Knitting Machine YEAR: 2015 Fall

The project aims to create a interacctive structure that can be helped for autisum children to improve their physical strength and communication ability. In this case, we are helping a specific child Edward. We are making tubes that can create space provided pressure when children slip in it. A big scale screen fabirc was in the front of the structure for projecting the interactive game on it. Moreover, it is inspired by the idea of the universie and spaceship. We want to create a special space that can imitate the atmosphere of universe.

The spaceship game is designed for corporation with others. Edward will need to play this game with his parents or other children. When he is clicking one spaceship, the other spaceship that is too far for him to touch will enlight. When the other person touchs the right spaceship, the spaceship will be reunioned and shooting stars will show up. Then he will need to ask others favor, communicate with others to play with.

Force Distribution

[STRUCTURE DESIGN] The structure is designed for this function need. So we will build a embraced space for him to feel like into the atmosphere of the game. Second, the fabric need to be enough wide for at least 2 people to play on it. Then, the structure will have tubes inside the structure to create the interesting when Edward try to reach out and catch the spaceship. Spaceship Picking is a simple yet entertaining game designed for players like Edward. The game is played on a large screen made of custom material. Structure analysis in spings calculating software

Structure analysis in spings calculating software

[PHYSICAL MODEL]

The original inspiration was to create a game that Edward and his twin brother Nicholas could play together. Based on Autisum children's lecture it seemed that a game for children with autism should include movement, and encourage cooperation and communication. This project is really all about the kids who are going to be using it. The goal of the game is to catch as many spaceship as possible as they fall from the top of the screen to the bottom. To catch a spaceship the player will simply press against the screen. The screen will be large enough to encourage cooperation and also require small children to move about the space. The gameâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objective is to encourage cooperation between the players and provide the children and their families with a fun activity they can enjoy together. The structure are made by fiber glass rods and customize knitting fabric. Three rods are merge into one rod by metal pipe and fiber glass tape. The rods are calculated in the software that can bear the fabric tension( Figure. Force distribution). The knitting fabric size is 11''x 16'' which requires stretch when installing. The fabric will have a set of marker points that correspond the points marked on frame. Then the fabric will be attached to the rod point by point. The last step is increase the tension by tighten the connecting rope.

Autisum children and people palying the spaceship picking

WAVE INTERFERENCE project Material engagement TAUBMAN: ARCH702 INSTRUCTOR: Wes Mcgee PROJECT TEAM: Zhijing Yang, Iram Moreno Pinon TOOL: 5-Axis Robot, Plastic extruder YEAR: 2015 Fall

This study is based on the principle of wave interference patterns. The evolution of the patterns is developed by the use of multiple inference points in different distance. With a very simplistic input set, that is, an object curve, a mirror line and a point, this algorithm generates enumourous patterns by using parameters. These parameters include the input angle and origin source. Also, one of the intentions is to create weave texture geometry with the help of multiple layers.

Making three-dimension graphic by simply rotating a flat graphic

[PROTOTYPE] Distance between interferrence points Grid shift_ is a cell-like random graphic generation algorithm. The generation will change by parameters. Seed is a input parameter which will change the arrangements

Three interference points

Four interference points

The target is convert 2D texture into 3D texture by rotating, shifting, altering. Then use different texture to compose geomtry.is This 3-dimensional object projected below is a very intricate, volumetric form of pattern which has been developed from a very simplistic 2-dimensional pattern. project seeks to explore the possibilitie s of precast concrete. The concrete gives people a sense of bold and tight. But where is the extension of application of

Wave Rotation_ is a cell-like random graphic generation algorithm. The generation will change by parameters. Seed is a input parameter which will change the arrangements

Voronoi- change the seed_ Voronoi is a cell-like random graphic generation algorithm. The generation will change by parameters. Seed is a input parameter which will change the arrangements

[3D TEXTURE GENERATION] 25

Overlapping

Origin

Overlapping test

4mm Shift overlapping

Multi-layer rotation

There are five pieces generated before the final piece to test the overlapping attributes. The origin test graphic is the a hexagon with a curve intersecting the texture. Then the layer is doubled to test the thickness and adhensiveness when overlapping. Without rotation, the hexagon will be double layered. Applying rotation will reduce the thickness. The thickness will be cut by adding rotation angle. As it shown in the detail photos, the strings that hanging without support will droop. 26

4mm Shift overlapping detail

The wave interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater or lower amplitude. Interference usually refers to the interaction of waves that are correlated or coherent with each other, either because they come from the same source or because they have the same or nearly the same frequency. Interference effects can be observed with all types of waves, for example, light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves or matter waves. The way that strings overlap each other is a exquisite way to fabricate the interference phenomennon. When testing the extruding, the plastic strings will get convex every overlapping joint . That is a mimic of the wave interference that when the wave intersect, the strength will be doubled.

Wave interference

Extruding process

After the experiments, the logic of overlapping are considered in final piece design. The length is the resonsideration of the condition of the wave interference. The final pieces are generated from the two point interferences prototype. With 1mm shift every layer, the graphic can be good complex in 5 layers. Second, the long distance between two points can provides more interference conditions such as the range around the points and the range away from points. The overlapping conditions are different depends on the curvature of the strings. This projects developed a algorithm that can generated texture through 3 dimensions in different methods. The parameters like the bed temperature and extruding flow in the experiments can also increase the variations of the outcome. In pratical application, the weave interference algorithm can be utilize to generate the facade of architecture. The light control parameter can be calculated in the algorithm. Also, it can be the ornament of the interior wall or a partition for a space that requires less privacy.

WEAVE GROWING project virtual engagement TAUBMAN: ARCH703 INSTRUCTOR: Matias de Campo TOOL: 3D Printer. YEAR: 2015 Fall

[INSPIRATION] This project inspired by the haystack of its complex weave system. The haystack are made of fluffy hay which has a sense of weave. The slit of the stack can allow the light and tempurature come through to dry the haystack. That is a good example of ventilation and lighting exchange. To munipulate the sense of piling up, the dome need to be covered by great quantity of hay that are intersected and knitted together. The idea is to generated multiple lines that intersected through each other making a uneven surface. Haystack

The projects seeks to generate a dome that posses complex structure and interesting appearence. The dome is randomly generated by processing. The strings are randomly moved downwards by particles from the origin point. Then all the movements will stop when touch the ground. To fufill the path that generated, I experiment several method to create the surface over the strings. The first step to create the intersection is to find the control point. Just like drawing curves in modelling software, the control points is the most important input when doing the algorithm. One parameter that input the algorithm is the density of the control points. The control points are generated from the dome frame by dividing the curves.

Dome frame generation agent: Random move

[TEXTURE GENERATION]

Agent ptp:shift2

Agent ptp:shift3

This agent will shift the points that are at same order in adjecent curves by 2. Then connected the points.

This agent will shift the points that are at same order in adjecent curves by 3. Then connected the points.

Agent ptp: Hollistic This agent will connect the points to the same order points in adjecent curves and also the points that adjecents 4 points.

There are three agents that used in generating the texture. To make more lines by connecting points, the sequence matters the most. Then the selected points will be picked out and connected each other. The connection between points will be conduct within the two adjecent curves. And the points that are picked as input sources will be the points in same order on two curves.iThe agents that in process are all the sequence battery that can varify the different sequence combinations.

Agent_ptp weave

Agent_ptp cross references

Agent_ptp shift position

[TEXTURE APPLYING] 33

The printing pieces are oriented from the ptp agent shape. It is materialize by meshmixer. Then printed out by cube 3D printer. Detail photos are lists below. The texture of the printing is made by thin extruding flows which reinforces the weave texture. The algorithm that generated the texture of dome can be used to generate the facade framework. Or the outside structure ornament. Also, it can be the small scale articraft such as bowl or container.

SHURKOV TOWER Computational Design TAUBMAN: ARCH591 INSTRUCTOR: Erik PROJECT TEAM: Zhijing Yang, Shan Timothy Sutherland TOOL: 5-Axis Robot, Hotwire cut YEAR: 2015 Fall

Traditionally, Emergin digital technologies to support the formation was normal. Using scripts to support the critical design and fabrication process is the new tendency of digital architecture. To use the digital technology to run through the whole process, the design must consider the translation of formation to frabrication. This project desires to a new vision of digital technologies which contains scripts to support the whole process. The scripts designed contains prototype generation, model generation, toolpath and outcome quality examination.

[INSPIRATION] The project is inpired from Shurkov t o w e r. T h e S h u k h o v t o w e r i s a hyperboloid structure (hyperbolic steel gridshell) consisting of a series of hyperboloid sections stacked on one another to approximate an overall conical shape. The tower has a diagrid structure, and its steel shell experiences minimum wind load. The tower sections are singlecavity hyperboloids of rotation made of straight beams, the ends of which rest against circular foundations.

Basic Forces: Alignment Twist Trim Boolean Additional Forces: Trail thickness Field of RGB valuee Thickness testing

Generate Procedure: 1.generate one set of convex polygon and concavge polygon. 2. get points links to the match points 3.loft the inside frame and outside frame. 4.Boolean the intersection part then cull the extra part.

[GENETAION PROCEDURE] 37

mport rhinoscriptsyntax as rs import math columnfulla.append(columna) for x in range(0,(i+5)): #rs.EnableRedraw(False) column = rs.RotateObject(column,ColumnPt,((360/(i+6))),copy = True) columnfull.append(column) columna = rs.RotateObject(columna,ColumnPt,((360/(i+6))),copy = True) columnfulla.append(columna) surf = rs.JoinSurfaces(columnfull) surfa = rs.JoinSurfaces(columnfulla) #print columnfull #print columnfulla

class MyColumn: #A Class to create a column profile. def __init__(self, facets, radius, offset, origin): #create variables, passed from initialization declaration self.radius = radius self.origin = origin self.facets = facets self.offset = offset #create circle at origin of radius provided self.circle = rs.AddCircle(self.origin,self.radius) #divide circle by number of segments provided self.pts = rs.DivideCurve(self.circle, self.facets)

#print surf capsurf = rs.CapPlanarHoles(surf) #print surf #print capsurf #print surfa capsurfa = rs.CapPlanarHoles(surfa) #print surf #print capsurf #print surfa #print capsurfa Axis = rs.AddLine(ColumnPt, columnTopPt) DivideAxis= rs.DivideCurve(Axis,2, False, True) #print DivideAxis AxisMidpoint = rs.AddPoint(DivideAxis[1]) #print AxisMidpoint capsurfscaled = rs.ScaleObject(surfa, DivideAxis[1],(1,1,1.01)) #rs.EnableRedraw(True) FinalPsurf = rs.BooleanDifference(surf, capsurfscaled) # delete objectsthat do not Bool Subtract if FinalPsurf == None:

#for loop to select every other point on curve...note step of 2 for i in range(0,len(self.pts),2): #create vector from each point to center and scale by offset provided vector = rs.VectorCreate(self.origin, self.pts[i]) vector = rs.VectorUnitize(vector) vector = rs.VectorScale(vector,self.offset) self.pts[i] = rs.PointAdd(self.pts[i],vector) #add first point of list to end of list of points to close curve self.pts.append(self.pts[0]) #delete the circle curve to clean up final geometry rs.DeleteObject(self.circle) #return points return self.pts def makeProfile(self, degree): #a function to draw a curve of a degree provided self.degree = degree profile = rs.AddCurve((self.pts[1],self.pts[2],self.pts[3]),self.degree) #print profile return profile

InsideRadiusBot = () OutsideRadiusBot = () InsideRadiusOffsetBot = () OutsideRadiusOffsetBot = () origin = () height = 22 skew = 0 for i in range(0,facets): for j in range(0,twists): column = () #loft the two curves column = rs.AddLoftSrf((crv1,crv2)) columnfull.append(column) columna = rs.AddLoftSrf((crv1a,crv2a))

[CODE] 38

By detecting the tripoids of the contour lines. Then use the distance from the tripoids to the outline curves to generate the thickness. Then give the agents the numbers that is match to the thickness. Then set the number into RGB color fiield to display on the models. The blue means solid, the red color is warning for too thin to cut. Experiment size Radius of the polygon:4”-4.5” Height:20”

rs.DeleteObjects((surf, capsurfscaled)) # add lists that hove more than one objects to another list elif len(FinalPsurf) > 1: MultPsurf = [] MultPsurf.append(FinalPsurf) print MultPsurf rs.DeleteObjects(FinalPsurf) rs.DeleteObjects((columnfull)) rs.DeleteObjects((columnfulla))

def main(): #loop to call class from facets = (6) twists = (6) InsideRadiusTop = () OutsideRadiusTop = () InsideRadiusOffsetTop = () OutsideRadiusOffsetTop = () InsideRadiusTop = () OutsideRadiusTop = ()

Defing the thickness

rs.EnableRedraw(True) #print capsurfa #joincapsurf = rs.BooleanUnion((capsurf[0], capsurfa[0]), delete_input= True) main()

[DETECTING]

Twist-5 Edge number:6 Thin

Twist-4 Edge number:7 Qualified

Twist-2 Edge number:9 Solid 39

BLOCK CUTTING Project Capstone TAUBMAN: ARCH739 INSTRUCTOR: Glenn Wilcox PROJECT TEAM: Zhijing Yang, Shan Timothy TOOL: 5-Axis Ro bot, Hotwire cut YEAR: 2015 Fall

Stereotomy is a architecture construction based on small pieces which can make up a big and complex geometry structures. It is the inspiration of this project. This project focus on the mathmatical geometry which basically includes technical drawing and structure theory. The units requires simple cutting that can create a interface. Meanwhile, the interface can torlenrate altelrnative units without changing design. In this project, the unit is made by two cuts. The top cut is a curve that pass the center part of the cube. The bottom cut is the mirror of the top cut with 90 degree rotation. In fabrication process, the pieces cut off can be the mold for the crafting. Also, the molds can combined seperately which could generate different geometry.

Composing

Cube foam

Two cuts

Boolean split

Ta k e t h e r e s t pieces as mold

Unit

The fabrication process was mainly based on the toolpath. As the same as Stereotomy, how to make the cut was important. To preventing the undercut and moving path that can hurt the crafting pieces, the sequence is major considering. Also, the toolpath is designed for multi uses. So the accurancy is important too. The toolpath embedded the process that relocating and recrafting the cutting block. The mold are composed by two parts, the shape mold and outside box. The shape mold are the pieces cut off by two cuts. The shape molds can be installing by matching the cut mark. Mold Making Toolpath Then put inside the wood box. dashline is references

Different mold heights

Fabrication mold 41

Different congregation by simple units

The form of the units are varied by size and cutting combination. In this project, we increase the height of the unit without changing its plane, so the unit can congregate freely. There are several congregation methods have been tried in this project. The heights of the unit are 100mm, 150mm and 200mm. Meanwhile, the mold can be changed too. The cutting curvature can be varied to generate different void space and intersect surface(Figure.Different mold heights). If the curvature are smooth, the unit will be solid and there will be no intersect in the center. When the curvature increases, the intersection will happen and the unit will be void. The outside support will be too thin to hold the weight of the unit. In pratical application, the form generated can be designed as partition wall or the structure frame. The translucent can be the outside facade ornament. Because its variation, the facade can be changed when fixing or installing to engage different construction problem.

Physical model

FOLDING CONCRETE Project Capstone founding KARSTRA PRECAST concrete TAUBMAN: ARCH 739 INSTRUCTOR: Glenn Wilcox PROJECT TEAM: Zhijing Yangďź&#x152; Kurt Hong TOOL: Laser cut, Zunt cut, Concrete mixer, Electric grinder YEAR: FALL 2016

Precast concrete is a construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold or "form" which is then cured in a controlled environment, transported to the construction site and lifted into place. There is greater control over material quality and workmanship in a precast plant compared to a construction site. The forms used in a precast plant can be reused hundreds to thousands of times before they have to be replaced, often making it cheaper than onsite casting when looking at the cost per unit of formwork. This project seeks to explore the possibilities of precast concrete. The concrete gives people a sense of bold and tight. But where is the extension of application of precast concrete? The project provides several experiments to find a easier way to apply precast concrete to industry. Precast concrete folding generated by algorithm 44

[INSPIRATION] The idea of the folding concrete inspired by ORIGAMI. Simple shape but with the crease, it can be formed into a specific shape and provided certain carrying capacity. As it is shown in the picture, the form process can be very easy. The deisgned flat board can be a tent just by lifting one point. There is the perfect match of the idea precast.The mold can be reusable. Also, the unit can be small and simple but it can be congregated into a bigger geometry. In transportation, it can be flatten to help loading and shipping. It can be easy to install and ressemble after transport.

[Pattern Study]

horizental incline congregation

The patterns designed for the experiment include trainages fragementing(Radial, delaunay), quadrilateral(staggered, parrallel) and arc. Then pattern study aims to learn the logic and attributes of the foldding system. The design of pattern take the origami as reference. Then we use the 3mm dividers to make the mold. After casting the plaster, the folding lauguage can be detected. The traingle system is easy to control and fold. And the shape is variable that is helpful with low tolerance. As to the big angle foldding, the plaster piece need to be cut a part off. The parrallel patteren can be folded in one direction with too less possibilities. The curve can be a good choose, it can easily simulate any shape just like fabric that is firmer. But it is too soft to control and fix. So it is not the best choice for folding precast pattern. 46

The extension of the pattern will be the method of folding. How to make the folding most effective will be the thinking of the step. There are three methods to divide the board. The orgin one is the reference. It is the square divided into 4 triangles. The first parameter that varify the prototype is to change the divide center point. As it shown in the picture, the divide point in every square will extends 4 lines to the coner to divide the surface. If the point is not in the center, the triangles will be randomly altared. This agent will not shift the direction that are folding. But it will change the way segements form the surface. The second parameter is to change the square into Trapezoidal. That will not only change the folding way but also change the folding direction. The folding direction used to be a line will be turned into a polyline. Different geometry generation

Different geometry generation

Different geometry detail

Different geometry generation

After all the experiments taken, we focus on the folding concrete. So we designed a flat graphic that can be folded into a three dimension geometry. The assembling process is very simple. By using the string that attached every slit, simply hold and drag the string. The geometry will form itself.

[Pattern Experiments After geometry test, we write a algorithm in python which can generate geometry by using folding language. The basic logic of generation is randomly producing the segments towards one direction. The vector can be varied while the step and distance is settled.

[Pattern Experiments We 3D prints several geometries to test the self-standing. We find the logic that if center point of model close to the center point of foot print, the self-standing would be more stable.

In fabrication process, the model will be seperated into two parts. It is convience for installing and tranportation. The whole piece is too big to moving and loading. At the same time, the flat graphic that compose the geometry probably have overlapping segments which create the difficulty to cast the concrete in one piece. The seperated pieces can be composed by joints which allows the possibilities of bigger projects installing. Meanwhile, there is surface simplify process in design. The geometry generated are too complex that will hurt the structure which means the whole piece will be too soft to stand and form. The new agents added in the algorithm are designed for simplify the segements and munipulate the origin geometry as much as possible.

Surface simplify

Model split 53

[Fabrication Development]

For fabrication, we developed a casting lauguage that mainly depends on the flat mold. The structure of the flat pieces are showned in the pictures(Figure. Fabrication mold structure). The mold composed by three parts, the top dividers, the bottom dividers and the structure fabric. In fabrication, we tried fiber glass fabric and metal net mesh as the structure in the center. The fibergalss fabric is good for its strength. But it is not suitable for folding. Fiber fabric is easy to break when adding torsion on it. The metal mesh is also easy to break when folding. Meanwhile, the grid of the mesh is also a influence factor. Concrete will be hard to attach to the structure when the grid is too small. After the material test, we decide to use kelvar mesh as the center frame. To test the dividers' thickness,We also made several pieces to test how the shape and thickness influence the geometry(Figure.Different geometry details). Fabrication mold structure

Dividers' shape will effect the angle of folding 54

Segments seperation adn simplify

Segments flatten 55

Kelver mesh cutting detail

Concrete piece and Kelver mesh graphic generated by algorithm

Zip ties

3D Enbeded Components

The final casting process: We use ziptie as connecting joint to match the point that simplfy the quick fabrication process. And the carbon fiber mesh was shifted to Kelvar mesh to obtain the anti-torison. Also, the mesh graphic are changed to create the attachment of the concrete. The center of the kelvar mesh reflect each segments are opened to creat the attach area of concrete. To prevent drilling holes after concrete curing that hurt the intensity, the 3D printing components were designed to embeded holes.

[Fabrication Process] 56

[Fabrication Process] 58

[Fabrication Process]

[PHOTOS]

Models in Muffin Road, University of Michigan 61

There are still some broken in the final pieces. But in the whole piece, the concrete attached to the Kevlar mesh behaviors very well. After we installing it and tranporting it, the structure is still stable. All we need to fix is to adjust the footprint. Then the geometry will be accurate again. The strength of the ziptie is also good enough to hold the structure which reflect our main idea, simply installing, common materials. If we want to deconstruct the whole piece and transporting again, we only need to cut the ziptie then installing agin. 62

[DETAILS]

All physical models in final review

[MOUNTAINOUS]

Bus station at the foot of Yuelu Mountain 7 weeks, 2012 Site: Hunan University Group work- Group leader and idea maker

ISSUE

SITE

FORMATION How will this bus stop change the behaviour?When comes to this question. I decide to make a shape suited with the mountainous landscape. Bend the a plane into an blend-like body. With the height varies, there comes a lot of possibilities for different needs. The surface of the bus station can provide protection from sunlight during summer time. The bus routine info can be pasted over the surface. Low seat provide children a comfortable scale to sit and play. Students around here will gather to the station to meet and go somewhere else.

This bus station is located on the transportation junction of Hunan University and Hunan normal University, between Yuelu Mt. and Tianma Mt. People here are normally students of two Universities and their affiliated schools. The billboard of the bus station divides the road into two parts. One is 1.8 meter wide waiting area the other is 4.8 meter wide sidewalk. Thanks to the wide roomy sidewalk, it can display more visual arts here. All the reason for this design is that people always enjoy an open area. According to psychological research, imaging if we constrict a person in a tiny and dim room they will feel nervous and anxious. So I want to provide enough space for people who are waiting for the buses.

A THOUGHT OF MULTI FUNCTIONAL WHEN MODELING 65

The skin of the framework should be flexible and removable . In such situation, body of the station will not be solid. The skin is mainly based on handmade basket.The station acquires the place for sharing information with the good view. The simple structure of weave is grooved, which allows people who waiting here for buses have a good view. The sunshade panel is removable, means that the seat position can be altered.

CONSTRUCTURE

The abstract nature of the surface allows people's imagination to flow, and thoes surfaces could be identified as a sunshade ceilling suddenly becomes the information billboard.

REMOVABLE SUNSHADE PLANE

VERTICAL BILLBOARD

2mm curve board

6mm diameter stick

8mm slide framework

VARIOUS SCALES FOR ACTIVITIES

SPEACIAL SCALE FOR CHILDREN

COMMUNICATION&ACTIVITIES 66

JOINT DETAILS The thin layers contains humanistic care. During the hot summer, the thin layers can be closed to keep the sunlight out. In contrast, during chilly days they are opened and in this way we can let the sunshine in. Different materials of the skeleton and the out-skin performs a harmonic interaction. They can link the two parts as a whole.

1 PLAN 2 FACADE A 3 FACADE B

1 2 3

INTERACTION WITH CHILDREN

MODEL SCALE1:5

Construction Process

[MEMORY LIBRARY]

Community and memorial library for Beizheng Street. 12 weeks, school work of senior year Site: Beizheng Street,Changsha, Hunan. Independent work

SITE ISSUE INTRODUCTION In Beizheng street, there is an old building which serve as a dance club. With the people increasing their activitie types, a urgent need of a recreation center of the community as well as the connection between the old building and the consistent community comes up.

MAKING TOWNSCAPE NOTATIAION FORMATION

The corridor that cross over the whole building connects every specific

reading room with stack room. Parallel to the border of site, the corridor decides the plan of architecture. Service room is behind the stack room, which creats routines that are not cross over each other. The organization is simple but dynamic, it consists of 4 different areas: reading rooms, the corridor, the stack room, and the service area. The heart of the project is the stack room. Service room and reading room are just like the other organs, and the corridor is like the vein which transfers the books. The rockery garden and the old building can tell us stories and tales from here in Beizheng street, like a musuem. This is the starting point. The whole scale of corridor refers to the scale of Beizheng Street . The dormant makes the corridor more like a street in Beizheng block. Students can sit freely over the steps and chairs along the corridor enjoying the sunlight and the scenery of rockery garden. The interior atmosphere refers to both warm interior of reading rooms and qualities of dancing hall's open spaces bathed in a diffuse overhead lighting. The library also envelopes a old rockery garden which encourages the link between the neighborhoods.

scale of the street

Beizheng Street elements Thoes elements are used to serve as the translucent partition. It is the sign of the old block, which will be treated as a exhibitions of that old history of Changsha.

Entrance

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

View from rockery garden

THIRD FLOOR PLAN 74

View from old building

SECTION A-A

Entrance Most of the reading rooms and spaces surrounds the rockery garden. This rockery garden named Zuozongtang Rockery garden with history of hundreds years. The transparent skin of the building allows people connect to the outside scenery. Another landscape is between the old building and the new building. A small garden will provide the corridor and reading room another scenery.

Traffic

Street side

Rockery garden entrance

Rockery garden

[RHOMBIC WEAVE] 76

Exhibition centre of commercial and concert. 7 weeks, 2014 Site: Yanghu wetland park Group work- idea maker

ORIGINAL SITE Yanghu Wetland Park locates to the the west of Changsha, an area that under devoloping with wetland. The primitive purpose of this area is to stimulate a new type of economy in Changsha, which desires an landmark building activating the new area.

Writing progress in grasshopper cover the body. INTERACTION WITH LANDSCAPE

View of site Extrude

Stress experiment

CREAT THE FRAMEWORK AND DEVELOPE WITH TEXTURE The exhibition centre has the mission to serve the forerunner zone or even the whole west riverside place. Paradoxically, forerunner zone is such area that are made of skycrapers together with old village building. The building meant to be a landmark in the forerunner zone. However, such gaint mass always goes against the surroundings. To solve this, and according to the building infrastruture in the zone, the exhibition centre intends to not only look like bending over ground but also have the height. With the long-span structure, weave are used as an way to construct the building. Not like the previous way, the new span struture are much more densely composed by tiny units. And this small units can grow and adjust in any shape just the way weave does.

Making an rhombic body respond to skyline

weave

Creating a new span struture

CREATING PROGESS

FITSR FLOOR PLAN 1:6000

78 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 1:6000

EAST FACADE

NORTH FACADE

BEARING STRUCTURE

MAST

MAIN CABLE&TENSION FRAMEWORK

STEEL FRAME& CABLE NET

SHEATHING

OUTER PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE

KNITTING CABLE NET

TRANSLUSCENT ROOF OF SHEATHING

LOWER KEEL

SUNSHADE PANEL

STRUCTURE Bearing part of structure is constituted of 1o pairs of columns. The roof is divided into four parts: knitting cable net, transluscent roof of sheathing, lower keel and sunshade panel. The building is occupied with skylights shaped by net and shunshade panel, the lighting of the exhibition room reaches thereby daylight quality.

MODELING PROGESS

REINFORCEMENT

LATERAL SUPPORT

Exterior envelope constructure

TENSION COMPONENT

STRESS EXPERIMENT

joint details in model 82

LANDSCAPE Draging and pushing the spaces aims to enrich people perspectives in architecture. Meanwhile, landscape services to decrease mass of the building. Square around as well as plants extends the outline of the building. Landscape slow down people's activities and extend the path which creates the space for communication, The ramp with walking bridge along the building also blur the border of the interior and exterior, roof and ground. Lighting through the roof draws a picture of the network, expanding the layer of the landscape.

31 83

kiosk in Taizigang Harbou [TIDE KOISK] Multifunctional 3 weeks, 2014 84

Site: Taiziwan Plaza Independent work

1990 Harbour

The projest site is Taizigang Harbour waterside Plaza stretched forward to the sea. The stainless steeldoor creats the gradient of transparency.And it will appear variable colors as the time changes. Just like the way how people respond to the ocean. A installation which provides functions and space for city landscape with a set of doors that are related to the piriodical and flexible tide. The bottom of ceilling is decorated by reflect materials to simulate the water. Acrylic fibers constitute the circle plat on the pedestal which is related to ripples. That makes people feel the wet armosphere of harbor continuously.

2014 Plaza

Future ?

Via waves of Shekou area tides, I come up with a set of line .Then I cut them to find out the axis and the rotate centre. The Ceilling is seperated by the extended axis and shaped by the curves too. When doors move by the time, the space and view will change instantly .At 12:00,door will wide open,view towards sea will be the best .When the kiosk needs to adjusted to new function, door can be shaped by hand.

U-GLASS

MIRROR

EXHIBITION KOISK COPPER PIPE

INFORMATION KOISK

Exhibition | Photos |Communication | Scene spot

Information | Interaction | Talking | Photos | Walkway

ANTI-WEATHERING STEEL COPPER PIPE

Multiple Activities ACRYLIC RESIN

SHOPPING KOISK WHITE CONCRETE

Shopping | Inquiry |Sitting | Postcard

ENTRANCE KOISK

Walkway | Entrance |Attraction | Bike parking

06:00

09:00

18:00

12:00

When doors moved by the time,the space and view will change instantly .At 12:00,doors will wide open,view torwads sea will be the best .When the kiosk need to adjust to new function, doors can be shaped by hand. 88

[OTHER WORKS] INTERIOR DESIGN

Pandora Bar Independent work Changsha, China, 2014

URBAN COMPLEX BUILDING DESIGN Comercial centre in Meixihu Personal work Changsha, China, 2013

INTERSHIP

Taishan North Road buddhism cultural centre Group work- drawing plan and making model Xuzhou, China, 2014

TREATRE DESIGN

Yanghu wetland Park theatre Independent work Changsha, China, 2014

ZHIJING YANG 94

YZHIJING@UMICH.EDU