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iPHONE COULD SOON BE MADE IN US

DIVERSITY IN TECH: LOTS OF ATTENTION, LITTLE PROGRESS

SAMSUNG DETAILS CAUSES OF NOTE 7 FIRES BUT QUESTIONS REMAIN

44 LABEOUF-LED LIVESTREAM SAYS ‘HE WILL NOT DIVIDE US’

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UBER PAYS $20 MILLION TO SETTLECLAIMS OF DRIVER DECEPTION 08 APPLE DEPICTS QUALCOMM AS A SHADY MONOPOLIST IN $1B LAWSUIT 28 US FIGHTS MICROSOFT’S BID TO TELL USERS WHEN FEDS TAKE DATA 32 REPORT: ‘NET NEUTRALITY’ FOE AJIT PAI IS NEW FCC HEAD 38 iPHONE ASSEMBLER FOXCONN MAY INVEST $7B IN US DISPLAY PLANT 52 APPEALS COURT DENIES FULL HEARING IN DATA SURVEILLANCE CASE 72 PARIS TESTS ELECTRIC DRIVERLESS MINIBUS TO FIGHT POLLUTION 76 ‘1984’ SALES SOAR AFTER ‘ALTERNATIVE FACTS,’ TRUMP CLAIMS 80 BOX OFFICE TOP 20: SHYAMALAN’S ‘SPLIT’ TROUNCES ‘XXX’ 102 OSCARS CHANGE THEIR TUNE WITH ‘LA LA LAND,’ DIVERSE NOMINEES 112 FREEZE-DRIED FOOD AND 1 BATHROOM: 6 SIMULATE MARS IN DOME 128 CAUGHT NAPPING: BASEBALL HITTING, PITCHING SAPPED BY JET LAG 138 PLAN TO RUN PIPELINE THROUGH PINELANDS GETS PUBLIC HEARING 156 FRENCH INTERNET CENSORSHIP ROSE SHARPLY IN 2016 162 CYBERCONSCRIPTS: BALTIC DRAFTEES CAN CHOOSE IT OVER INFANTRYW 166

TOP 10 APPS 82 iTUNES REVIEW 86 TOP 10 SONGS 146 TOP 10 ALBUMS 148 TOP 10 MUSIC VIDEOS 150 TOP 10 TV SHOWS 152 TOP 10 BOOKS 154

Image: David Ramos

UBER PAYS $20 MILLION TO SETTLECLAIMS OF DRIVER DECEPTION

Uber Technologies is paying $20 million to settle allegations that it duped people into driving for its ride-hailing service with false promises about how much they would earn and how much they would have to pay to finance a car. The agreement announced with the Federal Trade Commission covers statements Uber made from late 2013 until 2015 while trying to recruit more drivers to expand its service and remain ahead of its main rival, Lyft. 9

The FTC alleged that most Uber drivers were earning far less in 18 major U.S. cities than Uber published online. Regulators also asserted that drivers wound up paying substantially more to lease cars than the company had claimed. “Many consumers sign up to drive for Uber, but they shouldn’t be taken for a ride about their earnings potential or the cost of financing a car through Uber,” said Jessica Rich, director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection. In a statement, Uber said it’s pleased to resolve the dispute. “We’ve made many improvements to the driver experience over the last year and will continue to focus on ensuring that Uber is the best option for anyone looking to earn money on their own schedule,” the San Francisco company said. Most of the proceeds from Uber’s settlement will be paid out to drivers. Documents filed in San Francisco federal court didn’t spell out how many people will get a cut of the settlement or what the average payment will be. Uber has grown into a cultural phenomenon largely by undercutting the prices typically charged by taxis with rides that can be quickly summoned on its smartphone app. To ensure cars are widely available, Uber has persuaded hundreds of thousands of people in the U.S. to become drivers by dangling the lure of making money at any time that’s convenient for them. The drivers are treated as independent contractors, another contentious issue because the classification excludes them from many of the benefits and protections given to full-time employees. 10

As part of its recruitment efforts, Uber has floated enticing estimates about how much drivers can make picking up passengers in densely populated cities. The FTC’s case took issue with how Uber presented its earnings estimates. For instance, in a statement published on Uber’s website from May 2015 through August 2015, CEO Travis Kalanick boasted that the mid-range annual incomes of the service’s New York city drivers exceeded $90,000 and the mid-range annual earnings of its San Francisco drivers topped $74,000, according to the FTC. The agency’s investigation determined that the mid-range income for the New York drivers was nearly one-third less, at $61,000, 28 percent less in San Francisco, at $53,000, during the year leading up to Kalanick’s statement. In August 2015, Uber revised its statement to specify its estimates reflected drivers’“potential” incomes in those two cities. The FTC says less than 10 percent of Uber drivers in New York and San Francisco hit the income levels circulated by the company. Uber also exaggerated the average hourly earnings of its drivers in 16 other U.S. cities and Orange County in California, according to the FTC’s complaint. Regulators also blamed Uber for referring people to car financing programs that charged more than the company had promised. The FTC approved the settlement in a 2-1 vote. The dissenting voter, FTC Commissioner Maureen Ohlhausen, objected because she didn’t believe Uber’s actions harmed consumers. 12

DIVERSITY IN TECH: LOTS OF ATTENTION, LITTLE PROGRESS

The tech industry has brought us self-driving cars, artificial intelligence, disappearing photos and 3-D printers. But when it comes to racial and gender diversity, its companies are no trailblazers. Despite loudly touted efforts to hire more black, Latino and female workers, especially in technical and leadership positions, diversity numbers at the largest tech companies are barely budging. In 2014, 2 percent of Googlers were black and 3 percent were Hispanic, numbers that havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t changed since. The picture is similar at Facebookand Twitter . Microsoft is slightly more racially diverse (though not when it comes to gender) and Apple even more so, though still not reflective of the U.S. population. Amazon is more racially diverse still, although it counts its large, lower-wage warehouse workforce in its totals. Image: 51 Eric Risberg

Women, meanwhile, make up less than a third of the workforce at many companies - even less in engineering and other technical jobs. Tech companies themselves tend to blame a “pipeline problem,” meaning a shortage of woman and minorities with technical qualifications. But a number of academic experts, tech-industry employees and diversity advocates say there’s a bigger problem. Silicon Valley, they argue, has failed to challenge its own unstated assumptions of what makes for great tech employees - and that actively hampers diversity. “The people who are doing the hiring are not changing their thinking around what they view as qualified,” says Leslie Miley, engineering director at the message-service startup Slack. Hiring managers, he says, spend too much time worrying that applicants who don’t fit techie stereotypes aren’t “Google-y enough or Facebook-y enough or Apple-y enough or Twitter-y enough.” Miley, who is African-American, has previously worked as an engineer at Twitter, Apple, Google and Yahoo.

THE INDUSTRY IS TRYING Companies are spending a lot of time and money on improving diversity. Two years ago, Intel splashily set itself the goal of achieving full representation in its workforce by 2020. Despite committing $300 million to the effort and some early progress , Intel acknowledges there is “a great deal of work to be done.” Similar programs are everywhere throughout the tech industry, from outreach at high schools 16

and historically black colleges to internship and mentoring programs to sponsorships for coding boot camps to bias training and support groups. So far, to little avail. Why? Interviews with more than 30 tech workers, executives and diversity advocates suggest the blame lies with subtle biases in hiring, unwelcoming work environments and a paucity of diverse role models in top positions. Aniyia Williams, founder and CEO of the startup Tinsel, says companies should focus on their own culture rather than blaming external factors they can’t control, such as limited computer-science education in U.S. schools. It’s not enough to release diversity reports and say, “Oh, not a lot has changed, but it’s the world, not us that’s the problem,” she says. Williams, who is African-American, says she has made sure to hire women as well as underrepresented minorities. Tinsel makes tech jewelry targeted at women.

WHY IT MATTERS Diversity isn’t just about fairness. It’s about having designers who reflect the diversity of the people they are designing for. For tech companies hoping to reach millions or billions of users, a lack of diversity could mean their products “will not appeal to a large population,” says Lillian Cassel, chairwoman of computer sciences at Villanova University. Diverse perspectives can also help prevent grievous errors - such as a problem that arose at Google in 2015, when a photo-recognition feature misidentified black faces as gorillas. 19

Some related tech missteps: - Snapchat’s release of two photo filters that contorted facial features into bucktoothed Asian caricatures or blackface (one later withdrawn after public outcry, the other had “expired” and the company said it won’t put it back into circulation); - Airbnb initially taking no steps to prevent hosts from discriminating against guestswhose profile photos showed they were black (corrected after an outcry); - Twitter taking nearly a decade to tackle the vile harassment of women and minorities on its service. In a New York Times opinion piece , Microsoft researcher Kate Crawford urges companies working on artificial intelligence to address diversity, warning that otherwise “we will see ingrained forms of bias built into the artificial intelligence of the future.”

INTO THE PIPELINE Some 11 percent of computer science graduates were black and 9 percent were Hispanic in the 2013-14 school year, the latest data available from the U.S. Department of Education. Yet only 4 percent of Google’s 2015 hires were black, and 3 percent were Hispanic. At Intel, fewer than 5 percent of hires were black and 8 percent were Hispanic. Numbers at other tech companies are comparable. Major tech companies have a long tradition of hiring applicants from top-tier universities and those universities also have a problem with diversity, even if they’re doing slightly 21

better than the companies. Some minority applicants, meanwhile, earn their computer science chops through community colleges or coding boot camps instead - places often overlooked by recruiters. The few minorities hired into big tech companies can often feel alienated in overwhelmingly white (and sometimes Asian) environments. Unsurprisingly, they are sometimes reluctant to recommend their employer to friends, classmates and former colleagues, furthering the cycle of underrepresentation, Williams and others say.

WHEN THE CULTURE DOESN’T FIT Silicon Valley startups like to talk about “culture fit” - in theory, the question of whether a job candidate’s attitude and behavior meshes well with a company. In practice, though, it can mean that since a lot of people are white and male, they “hire what they know,” says Larger companies such as Facebook publicly eschew discussions of “fit,” although the notion can unwittingly seep into hiring practices. For example, a 2013 study found that words used in engineering and programming job listings could serve to discourage women from applying. Words like “competitive,” ‘’dominant” and “leader,” can make a job seem less appealing to women in a field that is already male-dominated. Some companies, including Facebook, offer training on “unconscious bias” to combat the problem. But they don’t make such training mandatory for all employees. 22

And once hired, people can get lost in the shuffle given the lack of role models and mentors in higher ranks - and thus find it difficult to advance to more senior positions. At many places, women and minorities face constant questions about their technical knowledge. They can’t help wondering if they’d be taken “more seriously” if they were whiter and maler, Williams says.

GOOD BUSINESS? Nancy Lee, the Google official in charge of diversity efforts, says the gorilla facerecognition incident was a “wake-up call” for the company. “We need to include all voices from a multitude of backgrounds and experiences (when it comes to the) technology we create,” she says. “We firmly believe that good ideas don’t come out of echo chambers.” Lee says things are getting better, slowly, but that it can be “demoralizing” to those working on diversity issues to be pressured to do things quickly. “We want to solve this for the long haul,” she says. But Miley, the former Twitter and Google engineer, can’t understand why diversifying the industry’s workforce “seems to be such an intractable problem.” “I wonder if it is coming up against...the deep seated belief that the people in these organizations are special and they want to keep out people who are not special,” he says. “In our country, increasingly the people who are not special are the people who are underprivileged.” 24

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APPLE DEPICTS QUALCOMM AS A SHADY MONOPOLIST IN $1B LAWSUIT

Apple is suing mobile chip maker Qualcomm for $1 billion in a patent fight pitting the iPhone maker against one of its major suppliers. The 100-page complaint filed last Friday in a San Diego federal court depicts Qualcomm as a greedy monopolist abusing its power in a key segment of the mobile chip market to extort royalties for iPhone innovations that have nothing to do with Qualcommâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s technology. For instance, Qualcomm demanded royalties on Appleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fingerprint identification system built into recent models of the iPhone and also for larger storage capacities on the devices, according to the lawsuit. 29

Qualcomm denied the allegations. “We welcome the opportunity to have these meritless claims heard in court where we will be entitled to full discovery of Apple’s practices and a robust examination of the merits,” said Don Rosenberg, Qualcomm’s general counsel. Apple says it has been cooperating with government regulators who have been investigating Qualcomm’s business practices, prompting Qualcomm to retaliate by withholding about $1 billion in scheduled payments. “Qualcomm’s recent effort to cover its tracks - by punishing Apple for providing truthful testimony at the request of government regulators - underscores the lengths to which Qualcomm will go to protect its extortion scheme,” the lawsuit alleges. Apple launched its legal attack three days after the Federal Trade Commission filed a lawsuit alleging Qualcomm has been imposing unfair licensing terms on manufacturers. Besides cooperating with the FTC’s investigation, Apple says it has been providing information about its dealings with Qualcomm to regulators in Europe, South Korea and Taiwan. South Korea regulators last month imposed an $853 million fine on Qualcomm for violating its antitrust laws, a decision that Qualcomm is fighting. Shares in San Diego-based Qualcomm Inc. fell $1.56, or 2.4 percent, to close last week at $62.88. Those of Apple Inc., which is based in Cupertino, California, ended up 22 cents at $120. 30

US FIGHTS MICROSOFT’S BID TO TELL USERS WHEN FEDS TAKE DATA

The U.S. Justice Department asked a judge to throw out a lawsuit from Microsoft and keep a law that prohibits technology companies from telling customers when the government demands their electronic data. Microsoft says its customers have a constitutional right to know when the government collects their private information during criminal investigations. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act compels companies to divulge the data and keep the move secret, violating the company’s First Amendment right to speak with its customers, according to its complaint filed last year. “People need to get notice when the government comes knocking at the door to seize all that stuff that historically would have been stored in a file cabinet,” Microsoft lawyer Stephen Rummage told U.S. District Judge James Robart. 33

Image: Timothy A. Clary

Companies including Apple, Twitter and Amazon as well as media outlets such as The Associated Press, the Seattle Times and Washington Post filed court briefs supporting Microsoft. In its filing, Apple said it received more than 1,000 secret warrants from law enforcement agencies for iCloud data during the last six months of 2015. Microsoft said the government made 2,576 demands for data over an 18-month period before April 2016, the most recent numbers available, and about 68 percent of those had no end date. Eric Soskin, a Justice Department lawyer, said the federal government has an interest in keeping criminal investigations confidential and customers often eventually learn about the data demands when charges are filed. Jennie Kneedler, another government lawyer, told the judge that Microsoft does not have the legal standing to argue for its customers’ Fourth Amendment rights, which protect against unreasonable searches and seizures. Only the customers can challenge perceived violations of those rights, she said. That creates a catch-22, Rummage said. The company is not allowed to tell customers about the warrants, so they can’t file objections. “Those people can’t protect their rights,” he said. Judge Robart said he would issue a ruling later but that the law troubled him for several reasons. “I’m disturbed by the idea that you can have an invasion of rights or privacy without ever disclosing it,” he said. “Microsoft customers 35

have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the content they have stored.” Historically, people would keep their confidential information, such as health and tax records and love letters, in file cabinets or storage lockers, said Rummage, the Microsoft attorney. If the government secured a warrant to collect that information, the person would know, he said. But now that data is stored on the cloud online, the government is targeting the tech companies that control that information, Rummage said. But the gag order in the law keeps the process unfairly secret. Soskin, representing the government, said the system has legal protections: Magistrates approve the warrants before they are served. That process lacks balance, Rummage said, because warrants are written by the government without defendant input, witnesses or debate. The law only requires that the government has “a reason to believe” disclosure could hinder an investigation. “We’re talking about core, protected Fourth Amendment information that has been protected since the founding,” he said. Image: Gregor Fischer

REPORT: ‘NET NEUTRALITY’ FOE AJIT PAI IS NEW FCC HEAD

President Donald Trump has reportedly picked a fierce critic of the Obama-era “net neutrality” rules to be chief regulator of the nation’s airwaves and internet connections. Citing unidentified people, Bloomberg and Politico both reported that the next chairman of the Federal Communications Commission will be Ajit Pai, an old hand at the agency. Pai’s chief of staff, Matthew Berry, declined to comment. Neither Trump administration spokesman Bryan Lanza nor FCC spokesmen immediately replied to requests for comment. 39

Pai is one of the two Republican commissioners on a 5-member panel that regulates the country’s communications infrastructure, including TV, phone and internet service. The Republicans’ FCC majority would help them roll back pro-consumer policies that upset many phone and cable industry groups, including net neutrality rules that bar internet service providers from favoring some websites and apps over others.

AN INDUSTRY-FRIENDLY FCC Pai has long maintained that the FCC under former chairman Thomas Wheeler had overstepped its bounds, suggesting that he would steer the agency in a direction more favorable to big phone and cable companies. In a December speech, he expressed confidence that the 2015 net neutrality rules would be undone and said the FCC needed to take a “weed whacker” to what he considered unnecessary regulations that hold back investment and innovation. Consumer advocates have been concerned that a deregulation-minded FCC could potentially allow more huge mergers, overturn new protections for internet users and lead to higher costs for media and technology companies that rely on the internet to reach consumers. Pai opposed online privacy regulations that force broadband providers to ask consumers for permission before using their data, saying they are more onerous than the requirements for internet companies like Google and Facebook. He voted against approving Charter Communication’s $67 billion takeover of 40

Time Warner Cable and a smaller company, Bright House - not because he opposed the merger, but because he thought some of the conditions required by the FCC, like barring data caps on home internet service, amounted to government meddling in business.

PAI VS. THE ZERO RATING Pai also criticized an FCC report on “zero rating” earlier this month, characterizing it as a meaningless document that won’t influence the FCC under Trump. The report, issued in the last days of the Obama administration, took issue with the way companies like AT&T and Verizon exempted their own video services from wireless data caps, effectively making them cheaper to stream on phones and tablets than rival services such as Netflix. Future big media and telecom mergers may get a friendlier review under a Pai-led FCC. Pai voted to approve AT&T’s 2015 acquisition of DirecTV. And while he told the Wall Street Journal in December 2013 that the Obama administration was likely to oppose Comcast’s failed effort to acquire Time Warner Cable - he was right - he added that a Republican administration would be more likely to approve it. The FCC currently has a 2-1 Republican majority and two empty seats, which will be filled by one Republican and one Democrat. Pai, an Indian-American from Kansas, has been an FCC commissioner since 2012. During his roughly 15 years in government, he’s been a Senate staffer and worked at the FCC and the Justice Department. He was also a lawyer for Verizon and an attorney at the law firm Jenner & Block. 42

SAMSUNG DETAILS CAUSES OF NOTE 7 FIRES BUT QUESTIONS REMAIN

Image: Drew Angerer

Samsung says a thorough investigation into the fire-prone Galaxy Note 7 phone has confirmed widely held suspicions that its batteries were to blame, marking a first but important step toward restoring consumer confidence. Samsung announced tighter quality controls and more rigorous testing and took responsibility for failing to ensure that design specifications given to its suppliers were failsafe. The South Korean company was also delaying its next Galaxy phone, the Galaxy S8, which is usually announced in February. The spontaneous fires, many chronicled in videos circulated on YouTube, prompted Samsung to recall millions of phones and take a $5.3 billion hit on its earnings - and an unknown amount in reputation. 45

While praising Samsung’s frankness and apologies, analysts question whether the world’s largest smartphone maker has really gotten to the bottom of the problem in blaming flaws in the design and production of batteries. “Samsung said the weaknesses could make the phone prone to catch fire. That I understand, but what did trigger fires in such conditions? Did they discuss if there is another cause? No,” said Park Chul Wan, a former director of the next generation battery research center at the stateowned Korea Electronics Technology Institute. Forrester analyst Frank Gillett said the company’s emphasis seems to be on detecting problems in manufacturing, not preventing design problems earlier. The company, he said, needs to find ways to prevent commercial pressures, such as getting a phone out quickly, from causing engineers to make bad decisions. Samsung’s Note 7 was timed, in part, to beat Apple’s iPhone 7 by weeks. Ramon Llamas, an analyst at research firm IDC, said he would like to see Samsung show more of a “human side” to solving its problem and say what it’s doing to work with consumers affected by this. During a two-hour press conference livestreamed in English, Chinese and Korean, Samsung said tests involving more than 200,000 phones and 30,000 batteries showed different problems with both kinds of batteries used in the Note 7. Though some experts had speculated that the phones’ ultra-thin design or water-resistant features could have made them prone to overheat, Samsung says the investigation found 47

no such problems. Samsung also ruled out software or design with the rest of the phoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hardware, as well as the supply chain. The Note 7 has one of the biggest battery capacities for a smartphone, but Samsung said the company and outside inspectors found no evidence that the high energy density alone was to blame. Samsung introduced the Note 7 on Aug. 2 and weeks later recalled the first batch after reports emerged that the phones were overheating and in some cases exploding. After replacement phones also started catching fire, aviation authorities banned them on flights and the company dropped the product for good. Having received complaints for failing to fix the problem after the first recall, Samsung brought in three private inspectors to help. Inspectors found damage to the upper corners of batteries made by one manufacturer - likely sister company Samsung SDI - and used in the initial batches of Note 7s. That, combined with overly thin separators and high energy density, caused the phones to overheat, Samsung said. The cell-pouch design of the battery also did not have enough space to safely accommodate its electrodes - another flaw.

In other batches of batteries from a second manufacturer, presumably China-based ATL, used in replacements for the recalled smartphones, the researchers found welding defects and a lack of protective tape in some battery cells. Patrick Moorhead, president of Moor Insights & Strategy, said the odds of two different suppliers having issues with the same phone are extremely low. The case “may signal we may have reached an inflection point in smartphone battery technology,” Moorhead said. Though Samsung faulted the batteries from its suppliers, it said it would bear all costs. It was unclear to what extent the battery makers were responsible, as Samsung said only that it had provided “targets,” such as capacity and thickness. That may suggest a breakdown in communication between Samsung and its suppliers and in quality control and testing. The Note 7 isn’t the only gadget to catch fire because of lithium battery problems. Manufacturers like the batteries because they weigh less and pack much more energy into the same space than other batteries. But they are also more susceptible to overheating if they are exposed to high temperatures, are damaged or have manufacturing flaws.

Koh Dong-jin, president of Samsung’s mobile division, said Samsung would use what it learned from its investigations to improve lithium battery safety for the industry. To avoid further problems, Samsung said it was introducing an eight-point battery safety check with more intense durability tests; a new test on accelerated usage and a charge and discharge test. The tighter safety measures will be implemented in “every element of the company’s devices,” it said, including overall design and materials used. Samsung said it also will seek advice on battery safety and innovation from a group of battery experts. The company has recalled 3.06 million Note 7 phones. About 4 percent, or 120,000 units, of the recalled Galaxy Note 7s have not been returned.

iPHONE ASSEMBLER FOXCONN MAY INVEST $7B IN US DISPLAY PLANT

The Taiwanese company that assembles Appleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s iPhones and other electronics is considering investing $7 billion in a U.S. factory to produce display panels that would create as many as 50,000 jobs. Foxconn CEO Terry Gou discussed the potential expansion Sunday during a company meeting in Taiwan. His comments were broadcast by Taiwanese media. 53

Foxconn, founded by Gou in 1974, assembles smartphones and other devices for Apple, Sony, Blackberry and other brands. Most of its operations are in mainland China, where its vast factories employ more than 1 million people. Little-known to consumers, Gou’s company raised its global profile with its purchase last year of Japan’s Sharp Corp., which is decades older than Foxconn but was struggling financially. A Foxconn partner, SoftBank CEO Masayoshi Son, revealed the company was considering a $7 billion investment in the United States after a December meeting with thenPresident-elect Donald Trump. Gou said a decision would depend on factors including whether a state where the factory might be built would be willing to provide low-cost land or power. He said if the plant is built, it would work with Sharp. “If American state governments were willing to provide these terms and we calculate it is cheaper than shipping from China or Japan, why shouldn’t Sharp build a factory in the United States?” Gou said. He said investment would “exceed $7 billion” and the facility, if built, would employ 30,000 to 50,000 people. He said Pennsylvania is a leading candidate but Foxconn is in discussions with other states, too. In a written response to questions, Foxconn said it could not confirm details of the possible investment or give additional information. 54

Image: Andrew Harnik

THE CHANGING CLIMATE BROUGHT BY THE AGE OF TRUMP After Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th President of the United States last week, attentions soon turned to some of America’s biggest technology firms. Following his dramatic win on November 8, Trump made no secret of the fact he wanted companies such as Apple to pull production factories out of Asia and adopt a ‘made in the USA’ model – but will they? In accordance with his election slogan to “Make America Great Again”, Trump’s policies were published in full shortly after his inauguration. One of the standout policies includes ensuring “the rich will pay their fair share” and that “no one will pay so much that it destroys jobs or undermines our ability to compete”. Another policy is to make “business tax rate more competitive to keep jobs in America” to create new opportunities and “revitalize” the economy. For Apple, which employs 50,000 Chinese workers in its Shanghai factory alone, Trump’s policies may seem a threat. Indeed, factories in such countries as China have allowed Apple to cut production costs and defend its position as Fortune 500’s most valuable company of 2016. While Trump’s plans to bring jobs back to the USA may sound like bad news for Apple, the Cupertino firm has already toyed with a US move. Its Mac Pro model is made entirely in the States, while a recently-opened Arizona sapphire glass plant brought more investment to the country. In late 2016, Apple asked its two iPhone assemblers, Foxconn and Pegatron, to research a move to the US. While 59

Foxconn complied, Pegatron expressed cost concerns. Both companies currently manufacture the smartphone exclusively in China.

APPLE IS SCALING BACK In October 2016, Apple’s revenue fell for the first time in 15 years. The company announced that it had sold $215.6bn of iPhones, Apple Watches, Mac computers and other products in the year to date, compared with $233.7bn the year prior. As such, production was cut by 10%, despite the company announcing the release of its new flagship iPhone 7 just two months previously. It’s believed that the failed hype surrounding the new smartphone – which didn’t enjoy an overhaul in the same vein of its predecessors – caused sales to slide, with production also falling as a result.

A DIRECT ATTACK ON APPLE Prior to Trump’s historic win, the businessman repeatedly called for Apple to move its manufacturing arm to the United States to boost the job market and economy. He regularly hit the headlines for attacking the technology sector, but little was publicly said about the Cupertino firm. It was not until January, shortly before his presidency, when the Presidentelect told CNBC that his office would “get Apple to start building their damn computers and things in this country, instead of in other countries”, that the direct attacks began.

THE INDUSTRY FIGHTS BACK It was no secret that the technology sector was against the idea of Donald Trump becoming President. Microsoft, Apple, Facebook, TimeWarner and Alphabet, the parent company of Google, were just some of the contributors to Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign. So when Trump rallied together the heads of some of Silicon Valley’s biggest success stories, including Amazon, Google, Facebook, Intel, Tesla and of course, Apple, the media waited with baited breath. During the meeting, the President-elect vowed to work closely with some of America’s greatest home-grown talent. While having the personal backing of a President sounds good for technology firms, The Atlantic has described Trump as being on a “collision course” with the wider sector. Unraveling the hard work of net-neutrality rules and pulling away from privacy standards are just some of the concerns from technology experts, but it remains to be seen whether or not Trump will have an adverse impact on the technology industry. One sector that looks set to be impacted upon, however, is technological automation. Outsourcing, job losses and trade policies were announced as some of Trump’s biggest targets in his pre-Presidency speech. Amazon’s recently-announced Go stores, which are set to launch later this year, are sure to be a shooting point for the Trump office. By removing the need for cashiers, Amazon Go could put 3.5 million American jobs at risk, something the former Apprentice star will be keen to avoid.

THE TECH TRENDS OF THE NEXT FOUR YEARS One of the biggest changes sure to come from the Oval Office with the new President is tax reform. Trump favors lowering corporate tax rates from 35 percent to 15 percent, which will be welcome news for technology companies producing everything in the United States. The majority, however, do not, and tariffs on goods manufactured overseas could make it more expensive to manufacture and market alreadypremium products like the iPhone. However, while Trump can exercise some control over the national finances, his hand is well away from the innovation that comes from the sector. Wireless innovation with 5G internet will be tested this year, with Verizon anticipating a country-wide rollout in 2020. The 5G network is expected to be ‘200 times faster’ than 4G LTE, with speeds hitting 10 Gbps in tests. A reliable 5G network will have an undeniable impact on modern mobile and digital technology – not only for technology companies, but also for developers and those working in the marketplace. The ‘Internet of Things’ is also expected to gain prominence in the coming years, and with Apple expected to announce its Amazon Echo and Google Home competitor this year, it’s clear that useful, home-based technology is on the up. Business Insider has claimed that more than $6 trillion will be invested in IoT technology over the next five years, and it’s likely that the majority of this investment will be within the United States.

Another sector expecting growth throughout Trump’s presidency is augmented reality. The sector is expected to be a major disruptor to the smartphone market, with an estimated market worth of $150 billion by 2020. Apple CEO Tim Cook has already spoken about his interest in developing augmented reality products and told ABC News in September that he believes the technology will be more prominent than virtual reality. The Cupertino firm’s plans to expand its wearables offering to include digital glasses could come soon, in an attempt that is likely to be compared to Google’s failed Glass product.

BIG QUESTIONS OVER A ‘RE-AMERICANISATION’ OF APPLE At present, the iPhone is designed in the United States, before parts and accessories are sourced from Asia and Europe. Then, manufacturing takes place in China, before warehousing and distribution are taken care of direct from the USA. The manufacturing contracts, currently held by Foxconn and Pegatron, are lucrative – a projected revenue of $26.9 billion was reported for Taiwanese suppliers during production of the iPhone 6. With billions invested in production factories, training and development, could Apple realistically relocate to the United States without denting its share price? The additional cost of carrying out assembly work on an iPhone in the States would add approximately $40 to the cost of an iPhone – but will consumers cough up for a ‘made in the USA’ premium? Only time will tell.

APPEALS COURT DENIES FULL HEARING IN DATA SURVEILLANCE CASE

A federal appeals court said Tuesday it wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t rehear a panelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s decision letting companies like Microsoft refuse to turn over to the government customer emails stored overseas. The judges of the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals split their votes 4-4. Four judges wrote opinions dissenting from the decision. Judge Dennis Jacobs noted in his dissent, which was joined by three other judges, that the information sought by prosecutors in a 2013 narcotics trafficking investigation was easily accessible in the United States at a computer terminal even though it was stored on a server in Dublin, Ireland. Image: Ullstein Bild

He found it odd that athree-judge panel had previously concluded Microsoft could keep the information secret on privacy grounds, saying, “Privacy, which is a value or a state of mind, lacks location, let alone nationality.” “Territorially, it is nowhere,” he added. “If I can access my emails from my phone, then in an important sense my emails are in my pocket, notwithstanding where my provider keeps its servers.” He said the judges who ruled in Microsoft’s favor treated the data stored electronically as if it were paper documents. “But electronic data are not stored on disks in the way that books are stored on shelves or files in cabinets,” he said. He called the approach by his colleagues in their July ruling “unmanageable, and increasingly antiquated.” The government had asked the 2nd Circuit to take the rare move of letting all its judges hear the case after a three-judge panel last July said prosecutors cannot force corporations to release customers’ emails and other data stored on servers overseas. Last summer’s ruling was a victory for high-tech companies in the cloud computing business. Microsoft stores data from over 1 billion customers and over 20 million businesses on servers in over 40 countries. Prosecutors had sought information in 2013 from an email account stored in Dublin, saying they thought it was being used in narcotics trafficking. The government had no immediate comment, a spokesman for lawyers in the case said. 74

PARIS TESTS ELECTRIC DRIVERLESS MINIBUS TO FIGHT POLLUTION

In a city hit by chronic pollution and traffic problems, Paris officials are experimenting with a self-driving shuttle linking two train stations in the French capital. Two electric-power EZ10 minibuses, which can carry up to six seated passengers, were put into service Monday and will be tested until early April between the Lyon and Austerlitz stations in Paris. The GPS-guided vehicle is free and will be running seven days a week. â&#x20AC;&#x153;To respond to the pollution emergency in big urban zones it is urgent to innovate with new transportation systems that are more environmentally friendly,â&#x20AC;? said Catherine BarattiElbaz, head of the local district where the test is taking place. Jean-Louis Missika, a Paris deputy mayor in charge of innovation, said self-driving 76

vehicles “will change the urban landscape in a spectacular fashion” within the next 20 years. Conceived by the French company Easymile, the EZ10 will also be tested between two main green spaces in southern Paris later this year. The company said fleets of the small shuttle are already operating in several countries across the world including the United States. “Let’s see how people will adopt them, how they will react in a vehicle without a driving wheel and no driver,” Missika said.

With a commercial speed of 15 kph (9 mph), the shuttle has been designed for public transportation to cover short distances. Equipped with a system detecting objects, the EZ10 can adjust its trajectory to avoid obstacles and does not need heavy infrastructure to be operated. On the Charles de Gaulle bridge linking the two train stations, the shuttles are running on separate lanes and don’t mix with other vehicles in traffic.

‘1984’ SALES SOAR AFTER ‘ALTERNATIVE FACTS,’ TRUMP CLAIMS

In the wake of incorrect or unprovable statements made by President Donald Trump and some White House aides, one truth is undeniable: Sales are soaring for George Orwell’s “1984.” Orwell’s classic dystopian tale of a society in which facts are distorted and suppressed in a cloud of “newspeak” was in the top 5 on Amazon.com as of midday Tuesday. The sales bump comes after the administration’s assertions that Trump’s inaugural had record attendance and Trump’s unfounded allegation that millions of illegal votes were cast against him last fall. Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway coined an instant catchphrase Sunday when she called Trump’s claims about crowd size “alternative facts,” bringing comparisons by some on social media to “1984.” Orwell’s book has long been standard classroom reading. Image: Mark Wilson

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Trailer

Movies &

TV Shows

King Cobra King Cobra chronicles the early rise of famous gay porn star Sean Paul Lockhart, his falling out with the producer that made him big and his career as a free agent.

FIVE FACTS: 1. King Cobra is based on the real-life murder of Bryan Kocis – a gay porn producer – in 2007. 2. The real-life Sean Paul Lockhart was approached to play a cameo role in the movie, but declined. 3. Director Justin Kelly was inspired by the works of Gus Van Sant, Todd Haynes and Pedro Almodovar. Kelly wanted to make an LGBT movie that wasn’t afraid to get dark.

by Justin Kelly Genre: Thriller Released: 2016

4. Christian Slater was brought on board when co-star James Franco brought the project to his attention. Slater felt that his character was very human, and not obnoxious or stereotypical.

70 Ratings

5. Slater – who is heterosexual – was initially nervous about performing sex scenes with Garrett Clayton, but upon seeing him for the first time on the set he stated that it all of a sudden became “very, very easy”.

Rotten Tomatoes

% 87

‘Neighbor’

Keeping Up With the Joneses Jeff and Karen’s quiet suburban life gets turned upside down when their interesting and beautiful new neighbors turn out to be covert operatives.

FIVE FACTS: 1. Keeping Up With the Joneses marks the return of director Greg Mottola, whose last movie – Paul – was released 5 years before. 2. Zach Galifianakis and Jon Hamm were old friends long before co-starring together in this movie. 3. The movie was inspired by screenwriter Michael LeSieur’s friends, who lived in an idyllic suburban neighborhood. 4. Stunt actors were used in this movie, but most of the driving scenes were performed by Jon Hamm himself, who was commended for his driving skills and the donuts he could create. 5. Isla Fisher, who plays Karen in the movie, is married to Sacha Baron Cohen, who also starred in a spy-comedy movie in 2016 called The Brothers Grimsby.

Trailer

by Greg Mottola Genre: Comedy Released: 2016 Price: $14.99

56 Ratings

Rotten Tomatoes

% 91

Neighborhood Champ

“Migration”

Music 94

Migration Bonobo Bonobo returns with his trademark brand of dream-like tunes and laidback downtempo melodies that have given him a unique place within the electronic scene.

FIVE FACTS:

Genre: Electronica, downtempo Released: Jan 13, 2017 12 Songs Price: $9.99

61 Ratings

1. Bonobo is actually the name of a type of pygmy chimpanzee. His real name is Simon Green and he regrets naming himself Bonobo, because he gets asked about monkeys constantly. 2. Bonobo’s music is cited to have been influenced by Southeast Asian music, but when asked about it, he claimed that it was never intentional. He actually draws inspiration from musicians such as Ennio Morricone and Bernard Herman. 3. Simon Green’s dad was actually a folk musician, which might have contributed to Green’s later interest in music. 4. The first ever track released under the name Bonobo was “Terrapin”, which came out in 1999. 5. In a bid to liven up live performances of electronic music, Bonobo blends his music with live performances of the instruments featured in his songs.

“Break Apart”

I See You The xx With an instantly recognizable sound, The xx return with their long-awaited third album, bringing with them some new electronic/ dream pop hits.

FIVE FACTS: 1. Band frontman Jamie Smith goes by the moniker Jamie xx and produces solo music independently under that name, including the latest electronic/dance album, In Colour. 2. The xx have been inspired by the music of Siouxsie and the Banshees and The Cure. 3. The band also featured a second guitarist and keyboard player called Baria Qureshi, who unfortunately left the band in 2009 just as The xx was blowing up. 4. Their debut album â&#x20AC;&#x201C; simply titled xx - won them the prestigious Mercury Prize in 2010. 5. The xx was originally started by two friends Romy Croft and Oliver Sim when they were both 15. Jamie xx did not join until the following year.

Genre: Alternative, dream pop, indie electronic Released: Jan 13, 2017 10 Songs Price: $9.99

330 Ratings

“Say Something Loving”

“On Hold”

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BOX OFFICE TOP 20: SHYAMALAN’S ‘SPLIT’ TROUNCES ‘XXX’

M. Night Shyamalan’s psychological thriller “Split” blew away box-office expectations, earning $40 million in ticket sales over inauguration weekend, according to final figures Monday. The director’s second collaboration with the low-budget horror outfit Blumhouse Productions proved an unexpected hit at the North American box office. Though originally expected to vie with the Vin Diesel action sequel “xXx: The Return of Xander Cage,” ‘’Split” doubled its business. 103

The top 20 movies at U.S. and Canadian theaters Friday through Monday, followed by distribution studio, gross, number of theater locations, average receipts per location, total gross and number of weeks in release, as compiled Tuesday by comScore:

“Split,” Universal, $40,010,975, 3,038 locations, $13,170 average, $40,010,975, 1 week.

“xXx: The Return Of Xander Cage,” Paramount, $20,130,142, 3,651 locations, $5,514 average, $20,130,142, 1 week.

“Hidden Figures,” 20th Century Fox, $15,721,606, 3,416 locations, $4,602 average, $83,710,357, 5 weeks.

“Sing,” Universal, $9,003,780, 3,193 locations, $2,820 average, $249,328,975, 5 weeks.

“La La Land,” Lionsgate, $8,427,583, 1,865 locations, $4,519 average, $89,758,080, 7 weeks.

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“Rogue One: A Star Wars Story,” Disney, $7,210,470, 2,603 locations, $2,770 average, $512,376,033, 6 weeks.

“Monster Trucks,” Paramount, $7,072,602, 3,119 locations, $2,268 average, $22,684,156, 2 weeks.

“Patriots Day,” Lionsgate, $5,753,016, 3,120 locations, $1,844 average, $23,392,961, 5 weeks.

“Sleepless,” Open Road, $3,453,212, 1,803 locations, $1,915 average, $14,940,116, 2 weeks.

10.

“The Bye Bye Man,” STX Entertainment, $3,430,655, 2,220 locations, $1,545 average, $19,990,285, 2 weeks.

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“The Founder,” The Weinstein Company, $3,404,102, 1,115 locations, $3,053 average, $3,405,368, 1 week.

12.

“Moana,” Disney, $2,695,781, 1,296 locations, $2,080 average, $236,970,483, 9 weeks.

13.

“Passengers,” Sony, $2,247,012, 1,556 locations, $1,444 average, $94,480,200, 5 weeks.

14.

“Lion,” The Weinstein Company, $1,765,427, 575 locations, $3,070 average, $16,347,957, 9 weeks.

15.

“Underworld: Blood Wars,” Sony, $1,738,855, 1,466 locations, $1,186 average, $28,649,814, 3 weeks.

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16.

“Live By Night,” Warner Bros., $1,718,017, 2,822 locations, $609 average, $9,385,366, 5 weeks.

17.

“MET Opera: Romeo And Juliette (2017),” Fathom Events, $1,500,000, 900 locations, $1,667 average, $1,500,000, 1 week.

18.

“20th Century Women,” A24, $1,385,337, 650 locations, $2,131 average, $2,311,978, 4 weeks.

19.

“Fences,” Paramount, $1,214,742, 693 locations, $1,753 average, $48,714,426, 6 weeks.

20.

“The Resurrection Of Gavin Stone,” Independent, $1,206,771, 890 locations, $1,356 average, $1,206,771, 1 week.

Universal and Focus are owned by NBC Universal, a unit of Comcast Corp.; Sony, Columbia, Sony Screen Gems and Sony Pictures Classics are units of Sony Corp.; Paramount is owned by Viacom Inc.; Disney, Pixar and Marvel are owned by The Walt Disney Co.; Miramax is owned by Filmyard Holdings LLC; 20th Century Fox and Fox Searchlight are owned by 21st Century Fox; Warner Bros. and New Line are units of Time Warner Inc.; MGM is owned by a group of former creditors including Highland Capital, Anchorage Advisors and Carl Icahn; Lionsgate is owned by Lions Gate Entertainment Corp.; IFC is owned by AMC Networks Inc.; Rogue is owned by Relativity Media LLC.

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OSCARS CHANGE THEIR TUNE WITH ‘LA LA LAND,’ DIVERSE NOMINEES

History was made across Tuesday’s 89th annual Academy Awards nominations, where the retro musical “La La Land” reaped a record-tying 14 nominations and a wave of African-American films, led by the luminous coming-of-age portrait “Moonlight,” resoundingly toppled two straight years of “so white” Oscars. The twin forces - Damien Chazelle’s candycolored love letter to musicals and a broad group of diverse films that also included Denzel Washington’s fiery August Wilson adaptation “Fences” and the uplifting AfricanAmerican mathematician tale “Hidden Figures” - dominated the nominations . 113

The 14 nods for “La La Land,” including best picture, best actress for Emma Stone, best actor for Ryan Gosling and best director for Chazelle, matched the record hauls of 1997’s “Titanic” and 1950’s “All About Eve.” A disoriented Chazelle, speaking by phone from Beijing, said, “All that I have in my head is ‘thank you’ a million times over.” Also a record: the six black actors nominated, including “Fences” stars Washington and Viola Davis, Mahershala Ali and Naomie Harris of “Moonlight,” Ruth Negga of “Loving” and Octavia Spencer of “Hidden Figures.” Dev Patel, the BritishIndian star of “Lion,” was also nominated, making it seven actors of color nominated out of 20. It made for a stark contrast to the last two years of all-white acting nominees, a disparity that prompted widespread outrage throughout the film industry and led academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs to revamp the academy’s membership. Jenkins, who was nominated for directing and adapted screenplay, said the eight nominations for “Moonlight” and those for other films showed that people were eager to put themselves in the shoes of others. “Moonlight,” ‘’Fences” and “Hidden Figures” were each nominated for best picture. “I love the American film industry and to see it this year, I feel, really reflect the world that we all live and work in, it gives me hope,” Jenkins said by phone from Amsterdam. “It heartens me. There’s a lot of work being done to make this year not be an anomaly.” Nine films out of a possible ten were nominated for best picture. The others were: Denis 114

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Villeneuve’s cerebral alien thriller “Arrival,” Kenneth Lonergan’s New England family drama “Manchester by the Sea,” the West Texas heist thriller “Hell or High Water,” the “Lion,” and Mel Gibson’s World War II drama “Hacksaw Ridge.” Redemption was everywhere: for a previously diversity-deficient Oscars, for the old-fashioned musical and even for the long-shunned Gibson. Days after the birth of his ninth child, the “Hacksaw Ridge” director was also unexpectedly nominated for best director over the likes of Martin Scorsese (“Silence”) and Clint Eastwood (“Sully”). The nods seemed to restore his stature in Hollywood since an anti-Semitic tirade while being arrested for drunk driving in 2006 and a 2011 conviction for domestic violence. “I think finally people are remembering who Mel actually is, not what the tabloids (said),” said Andrew Garfield, who was nominated for his lead performance in the film. “I’m so, so proud of him. “Arrival” tied “Moonlight” for the second most nominees with eight nods. Yet its five-time nominated star, Amy Adams, was left out of the competitive best actress category. Instead, Meryl Streep, whom President Donald Trump recently derided as “overrated,” landed her 20th nomination. Her performance in “Florence Foster Jenkins” was among the best actress nominees that included Stone, Natalie Portman (“Jackie”), Ruth Negga (“Loving”) and Isabelle Huppert (“Elle”). Also left out was Annette Bening for “20th Century Women.” Best-actor favorite Casey Affleck (“Manchester by the Sea”) was joined by Washington, Gosling, Garfield and Viggo Mortensen (“Captain 116

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Fantastic”). Along with Ali and Patel, the best supporting actor nominees were Lucas Hedges (“Manchester by the Sea”), Michael Shannon (“Nocturnal Animals”) and Jeff Bridges (“Hell or High Water”). Viola Davis, the supporting-actress front-runner for her performance in “Fences,” notched her third Oscar nod. Also nominated were Harris, Spencer, Nicole Kidman (“Lion”) and Michelle Williams (“Manchester by the Sea”). Whether fairly or not, the nominations were taken as a test for the overhauled film academy. The inclusion influx, though, wasn’t driven by any kind of response to the last two Oscars; most of the nominated films have been in development for years. And the awards still left many unrepresented. No female filmmakers were nominated for best director and outside of the EGOT-approaching Lin-Manuel Miranda (up for his song to “Moana”), Latinos were nearly absent . Still, change was seen all through the Oscar categories, nowhere more so than in best documentary. Four black directors led nominees: Ava DuVernay (“The 13th”), Raoul Peck (“I Am Not Your Negro”), Ezra Edelman (the seven-plus hours “O.J.: Made in America”) and Roger Ross Williams (“Life, Animated”). (The other nominee was the European migrant documentary “Fire at Sea.”) “Now more than ever it is important to educate ourselves, explore our shared history and elevate our awareness about matters of human dignity,” DuVernay, whose film is about historical connections between slavery and mass incarceration, said in a statement. 119

Joi McMillon, who edited “Moonlight” with Nat Sanders, became the first African-American woman nominated for best editing. Bradford Young of “Arrival” was just the second black cinematographer nominated. Kimberly Steward, who financed “Manchester by the Sea,” became the second African-American producer to land a best-picture nomination after Oprah Winfrey. Though “La La Land,”‘’Arrival” and “Hidden Figures” are knocking on the door of $100 million at the North American box office, none of the bestpicture nominees have yet crossed that threshold, making this year’s best picture nominees one of the lowest grossing bunch ever. “Deadpool,” this season’s underdog, and the year’s no. 2 box-office hit, “Finding Dory,” were shut out. Only one major studio - Paramount, which distributed “Arrival” and “Fences” - scored a best-picture nomination. Amazon, however, landed its first best-picture nod for “Manchester by the Sea,” which the streaming retailer partnered with Roadside Attractions to distribute. Propelled by “La La Land,” Lionsgate led all studios with 26 nominations. The dearth of blockbusters will pose a test for Jimmy Kimmel, host of the Feb. 26 ceremony. Last year’s broadcast, which host Chris Rock introduced as “the White People’s Choice Awards,” drew 34.4 million viewers, an eight-year-low. Viggo Mortensen is among those who expecting a strong political undercurrent. “The Trump White House,” Mortensen said, “is about, to some degree, shutting people up you don’t like or who don’t agree with you, and I think the Oscars will probably be the opposite of that.” 120

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LABEOUF-LED LIVESTREAM SAYS ‘HE WILL NOT DIVIDE US’

Shia LaBeouf wants you to know: “He will not divide us.” For the first few days of Donald Trump’s presidency, the actor has been repeating that sentence into a live camera mounted on a wall outside a New York City museum, usually with a backdrop of everyday New Yorkers chanting and singing along. The livestream from outside the Museum of the Moving Image in Queens is for a participatory public art project LaBeouf and two collaborators intend to have running for the duration of Trump’s presidency. The camera went live the morning of the inauguration, along with a website inviting the public to show up and repeat the phrase, “He will not divide us,” any time of the day or night. 122

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The scene in front of the livecam has ranged from lively - with scores of young people dancing and clapping - to lonely late at night. LeBeouf has been a frequent, though not constant presence, wearing the same blue jacket and red hat. “Trying to keep the conversation going. Trying to keep the fire stoked,” he said Monday after agreeing to be interviewed by an Associated Press reporter, but only in front of the livestream camera. He interspersed responses to interview questions with repetitions of the chant. The site is around the corner from a New York City performing arts high school and a couple of students were there Monday, singing into the camera. On Inauguration Day, actor Jaden Smith, the son of Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith, led the crowd reciting the chant. At off hours, the livestream has captured puzzled dog walkers checking out the camera up close, people showing up to play music, a man and woman delivering the message and then kissing and quiet debates between visitors about what it all means. People were out in heavy rain chanting Monday night. Technically, the project from LaBeouf and his performance art partners Nastja Säde Rönkkö and Luke Turner isn’t about opposition to Trump. The project website says the meaning of the mantra “He will not divide us” should be “guided by the spirit of each individual participant.” “We’re anti-division out here. Everyone’s invited,” LaBeouf said, rocking back and forth. “I’m just saying, ‘Be nice to each other.’” 124

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Tax-exempt public charities, like the museum, are prohibited from engaging in partisan political activity. The line as to what constitutes partisan politicking is a blurry one, but IRS rules say charities are barred from “intervening in any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for elective public office.” Jason Eppink, curator of digital media at the museum, said the project wasn’t partisan because those who take part can express themselves any way they like. People have shown up periodically to flash “Make America Great Again” signs. Eppink said it was about “creating a forum for conversation about a very fractured moment that we’re experiencing.” Imagem: Carlos Osorio

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FREEZE-DRIED FOOD AND 1 BATHROOM: 6 SIMULATE MARS IN DOME

Crammed into a dome with one bathroom, six scientists will spend eight months munching on mostly freeze-dried foods - with a rare treat of Spam - and have only their small sleeping quarters to retreat to for solace. The simulated stay on Mars with a carefully selected crew of researchers embarked on a mission to gain insight into the psychological toll a similar real-life voyage would have on astronauts. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s part of a NASA-funded humanbehavior experiment that could help the space agency send humans to the red planet in the next 20 years. The man-made dome that the four men and two women call home is outfitted with futuristic white walls and an elevated sleeping platform on the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest active volcano in Hawaii. The vinyl-covered shelter spans 1,200 square feet, or about the size of a small, twobedroom house. 129

A video released by the group shows the six scientists in matching red polo shirts arriving and entering the dome to farewell handshakes from program associates. Except for the presence of the white van that brought the group, the scene was reminiscent of the red planet - the dome set in a barren, rock-strewn and reddish landscape with distant hills giving the feel of a wind-swept and forbidding environment. “I’m looking forward to building relationships with my crew,” said mission commander James Bevington, a space scientist. “I fully anticipate coming out with five new best friends.” They will have no physical contact with people in the outside world and will work with a 20-minute delay in communications with their support crew - the time it would take for an email to reach Earth from Mars. The project will study the psychological difficulties with living in isolated, confined conditions for an extended period. NASA hopes to send humans to an asteroid in the 2020s and Mars by the 2030s. “We’re hoping to figure out how best to select individual astronauts, how to compose a crew and how to support that crew on long-duration space missions,” said principal investigator Kim Binsted, a University of Hawaii science professor. The team members include engineers, a computer scientist, a doctoral candidate and a biomedical expert. They were selected from 700 applicants subjected to personality tests, background checks and extensive interviews. 130

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“When I started, my biggest fear was that we were going to be that crew that turned out like Biosphere 2, which wasn’t a very pretty picture,” Bevington said. The experimental greenhouse-like habitat in Arizona became a debacle in the 1990s. It housed different ecosystems and a crew of eight to try to understand what would be needed for humans to live on other planets. The participants were supposed to grow their own food and recycle their air inside the sealed glass space. But the experiment soon spiraled out of control, with the carbon dioxide level rising dangerously and plants and animals dying. The crew members grew hungry and squabbled so badly that by the time they emerged two years later, some of them weren’t speaking to each other.

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The University of Hawaii operates the dome, called Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation, or HI-SEAS, and NASA has dedicated more than $2 million to the various stages of the project. Scientists previously lived in the dome for two other long-term NASA-funded stays - one of them lasting a year, the other eight months - to study food requirements and crew cohesion. A number of other Mars simulation projects exist around the world, but one of the chief advantages of the Hawaii experiment is the rugged, Mars-like landscape, on a rocky, red plain below the summit of the world’s largest active volcano, the Big Island’s Mauna Loa. The dome has a kitchen, laboratory and bathroom, plus small sleeping quarters for each member. Unlike Biosphere 2, it won’t be airtight.

Image: Sian Proctor

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To maintain the crewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s sense of isolation, bundles of food, including some canned goods and snacks, will be dropped off a distance from the dome, and the team members will send a robot to retrieve them. The participants will not be confined but will wear spacesuits whenever they step outside for geological expeditions, mapping studies or other tasks. They will wear instruments measuring their moods and proximity to other team members and use virtual reality devices to simulate familiar and comforting surroundings.

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Image: Ross Lockwood

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CAUGHT NAPPING: BASEBALL HITTING, PITCHING SAPPED BY JET LAG

Researchers say theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve documented an unseen drag on major league baseball players that can wipe out home field advantage, make pitchers give up more home runs, and take some punch out of a teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bats. The culprit: jet lag. Travelers are well aware of the fatigue, poor sleep and other effects that can descend like a fog when their body clocks are out of sync with their surroundings. The new work adds to previous suggestions that professional athletes are no different. 139

Dr. Ravi Allada of Northwestern University said he and his colleagues wanted to study the effects of body clock disruptions on human performance. So they chose baseball, a game with plenty of performance measures gathered from hundreds of games a year, played by people who get little chance to settle in to new time zones when they travel. They looked for jet lagâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s effects by analyzing 20 yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; worth of Major League Baseball data. They found 4,919 instances of a team taking the field after crossing two or three time zones but without enough time to adjust. People generally need a day of adjustment for each time zone crossed. Their analysis was released Monday by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Results of the new study generally showed that traveling eastward was more disruptive than going west, a known feature of jet lag. A surprise, though, was that home teams seemed to suffer its effects more than visiting teams did.

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Image: David J. Phillip

Among the findings: - Over all the games in the 20 years, teams won about 54 percent of games played at home, showing a home field advantage of 4 percent. But that edge was obliterated when home teams that were jet-lagged from traveling eastward played teams with no apparent jet lag - an apparent result of seemingly small declines in performance - After traveling eastward, jet-lagged home teams hit fewer doubles and triples, stole fewer bases and grounded into more double plays than when they weren’t affected. The impact on doubles was about one fewer per every seven games, while the other effects were smaller. - Eastward travel was linked to pitchers allowing more home runs, both at home and away. The difference came to roughly one home run every 10 games. The researchers suggested starting pitchers might get time to overcome jet lag if they are sent a few days ahead of the team to distant away games. Many teams send them ahead now on long flights, but it’s usually only a few hours early, to avoid overnight travel. The researchers said they had no explanation for why teams were more hampered by jet lag at home than when they played elsewhere. Maybe that reflects some protection from a more structured daily schedule on the road than at home, they suggested. That’s a reasonable idea, said Dr. W. Chris Winter, a Virginia sleep specialist who consults with several major league teams. 143

Winter, who has published research on how jet lag affects baseball teams but had no role in the new study, said the findings moved beyond simply documenting an effect on overall team performance toward learning more about it. Ballplayers know jet lag a problem, and have recently taken steps to ease the burden of their schedules. The Major League Baseball Players Association, concerned about fatigue, negotiated several changes in scheduling rules starting in 2018. For example, each team’s 162game regular season schedule will be played over 187 days, up from 183. And there will be new rules on scheduling games, taking into account the timing of consecutive games. What difference can jet lag make? Allada pointed to the National League Championship Series last October. Los Angeles Dodgers pitching star Clayton Kershaw shut out the Chicago Cubs when he pitched against them in the Windy City, Allada noted. But when Kershaw returned from Los Angeles to face them again, the Cubs hit him hard, including two home runs. “I can’t attribute it all to jet lag,” Allada said, but the study suggests the eastward trip might have played a role. It’s speculative and just one example, he said. But it’s relevant “to those of us who are Chicago Cubs fans.”

AP Baseball writer Ronald Blum contributed to this story.

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SHAPE OF YOU

Ed ShEEran

I DON’T WANNA LIVE FOREVER (FIFTY SHADES DARKER)

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Image: Nati Harnik

PLAN TO RUN PIPELINE THROUGH PINELANDS GETS PUBLIC HEARING

As jobs-versus-environment clashes go, few issues have been as hard fought and generated as much passion in New Jersey as a proposal to run a natural gas pipeline through federally protected woods atop some of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s purest drinking water. The plan was narrowly defeated in 2014. But since then, Republican Gov. Chris Christie has replaced several commissioners on the state agency that will reconsider the plan with supporters of the pipeline. On Tuesday, a public hearing on building the pipeline was held in Pemberton. With a new Republican administration in power in Washington that is more receptive to fossilfuel energy projects, the fate of the Pinelands pipeline is sure to be closely watched by 157

national energy and environmental groups. As the hearing was underway, President Donald Trump signed executive actions to advance the construction of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access oil pipeline projects. “This is a symbol of the national battle between clean energy and renewable resources, and the push for pipelines,” said Jeff Tittel, director of the New Jersey Sierra Club. “This is the front line of a battle that’s coming where Donald Trump is going to want to push pipelines everywhere.” South Jersey Gas proposes to run the pipe from Maurice River Township in Cumberland County to the B.L. England power plant in Upper Township; it would run mostly under or alongside existing roads. Jeff DuBois, CEO of South Jersey Industries, said the company already operates over 1,400 miles of gas mains and 133 miles of elevated pressure lines within the Pinelands without harm to the environment. “For many years, our underground infrastructure has warmed homes, dried clothes and heated water in the very same Pinelands towns where new infrastructure will be laid,” he said. “In reality, this project is no different.” New Jersey regulators will decide whether the pipeline gets built. After the proposal was defeated in 2014, the executive director of the New Jersey Pinelands Commission unilaterally decided that it met the agency’s criteria and was therefore approved. Environmentalists sued, and a court ordered the commission to take a new vote. That could come as soon as next month. 158

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Supporters and foes packed the hearing Tuesday, and dozens of others were denied entry when the room reached its capacity of about 250. A leader of the Food and Water Watch environmental group, Lena Smith, was escorted out by state police after she began yelling at commissioners that people were being made to stand outside in a cold rain. Pipeline foes unfurled a large paper banner that said â&#x20AC;&#x153;Stop The Pipelineâ&#x20AC;? before the hearing but removed it soon afterward. The proposed pipeline has been hotly fought by environmental groups, who fear it will harm the fragile Pinelands and set a bad precedent for future development there. They said it will cause a loss of some habitat and increase runoff and erosion in an area home to an aquifer estimated to hold 17 trillion gallons of some of the nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s purest water. Four former state governors - two Republicans and two Democrats - also oppose the pipeline, citing their desire to protect a vulnerable natural resource. South Jersey Gas maintains that in addition to providing a cleaner fuel source to the power plant, the new pipeline would provide a second transmission vehicle for natural gas to thousands of customers in Atlantic and Cape May counties. There is only one pipeline right now that takes gas to nearly 29,000 homes and businesses, which could be left out in the cold without a second means of getting gas to their homes if the existing pipeline fails.

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Image: Stephanie Keith

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FRENCH INTERNET CENSORSHIP ROSE SHARPLY IN 2016

French authorities ordered the blockage or removal of more than 2,700 websites in 2016, Interior Minister Bruno Le Roux said Tuesday, a spike in censorship that some critics in the tech industry fear will do little to snuff out extremist content online. Le Roux told a cybersecurity conference in the northern French city of Lille that his government has requested blocks for 834 websites and that 1,929 more be pulled from search engines’ results as part of the fight against “child pornographic and terrorist content.” “To face an extremely serious terror threat, we’ve given ourselves unprecedented means to reinforce the efficacy of our actions,” he said, also pointing to reinforced online policing units and new forensic laboratories for analyzing digital evidence. 162

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Le Roux didn’t provide a breakdown or other details but the website censorship numbers represent a sharp increase over the figures tracked by France’s online privacy watchdog, known by its French acronym CNIL. In April, CNIL reported that 312 sites were blocked and 855 de-listing requests were made in France between March 11, 2015, and Feb. 29, 2016. French authorities can block sites without a judge’s order under a 2011 law that was brought into effect in after jihadist attacks killed 17 people at a satirical magazine and a kosher supermarket in January 2015. The first blockage was reported two months later. Some in the audience were skeptical that yanking search results or blocking sites in France would work at all. Octave Klaba, who founded OVH, one of Europe’s top internet hosting providers, said the expanding censorship regime amounted to political posturing given the global nature of the internet. “I understand it, but it’s useless,” Klaba told The Associated Press after Le Roux’s speech. “I come from tech. I know how it works.”

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CYBERCONSCRIPTS: BALTIC DRAFTEES CAN CHOOSE IT OVER INFANTRYW

The tiny Baltic nation of Estonia is experimenting with the idea of cyberconscription, a move that gives draftees with tech skills the chance to work shoring up their militaryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electronic infrastructure, an Estonian defense official said. The experiment involves between 10 and 20 draftees, Estonian defense official Erki Kodar told The Associated Press. It began last summer and will be evaluated after the conscription cycle ends in June. Estoniaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s compulsory military servicemeans teens can serve between eight to 11 months in the military depending on their role on whether they serve as sailors, soldiers or in other roles. Those accepted as cyberconscripts can expect to pass their time on a help desk or doing programming work, Kodar said. 166

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Government agencies and militaries across the world have long struggled to attract and keep cybersecurity professionals in the face of fierce private-sector competition, and Kodar said the plan could be a way of drawing them into the country’s military or its reserves. In any case he said it made sense to avoid wasting information technology talent. “Maybe a highly skilled IT specialist, it’s not good to get them as drivers,” he said. Estonia’s cyberconscript plan is unusual, but many militaries - including France, whose cyberdefense reserves had a booth at the conference - have some kind of a call-up force of information security professionals.

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