Natural Science 2 ESO. Marian Ruiz
What is the basic unit of life? Robert Hooke
was a great English
experimenter.
He used one of the first microscopes
to look more
closely at the living world.
Hooke came up with the name “cells” to describe tiny compartments he saw in a piece of cork
• •
and after he outlined THE
CELL THEORY
All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
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All cells are produced from existing cells.
How is a cell organised ? Cells are the structural and functional units of all living things. Genetic material
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
controls and regulates how cells work. This DNA contains the hereditary information that is passed from one cell to the daughter cell.
is the inside of a cell. It contains the organelles
covers the whole cell
What are the two basic types of cells?
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
The DNA is contained in a nucleus.
The DNA is loose in the cytoplasm.
Animals and plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms.
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms.
How do animal and plant cells differ?
CELL STRUCTURE
DESCRIPTION FUNCTION
WHERE?
Cell Wall Plant, Bacteria
• • • •
Cell Membrane
Outer layer Rigid & strong Made of cellulose Support
• • •
All cells
the thin layer that surrounds the cell. Protection Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
Nucleus
All cells
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Controls cell activities Contains the hereditary material of the cell
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The jellylike material where organelles are located .
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Supports and protects cell organelles
• • •
Smooth without ribosomes Rough with embedded ribosomes Carries materials through cell
Cytoplasm All cells
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) All cells
All cells
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Synthesizes proteins
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Site of cellular respiration
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Largest organelle in plant cells Store large amounts of food or sugars in plants
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Digests old cell parts
• • • •
Containing chlorophyll Uses energy from sun to make food (glucose) for the plant Process called photosynthesis Release oxygen
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Package & export proteins from the cell.
Mitochondrion
All cells
Vacuole Plant cells have a single, large vacuole Animal cells have small vacuoles
Lysosome Plant - uncommon Animal - common
Chloroplast Plants
Golgi Apparatus
All cells
Cell Coloring Two of you work on the animal cell and the others work on the plant cell. Directions: Choose a color for each of the parts below and fill in the square with the color of your choice. Color the cell part to match. Cell Membrane
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Lysosome
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nuclear Membrane
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Vacuole
Directions: Paint each of the parts below and fill in the square with the indicated color. Color the cell part to match.
Briefly describe the function of the cell parts. 1. Cell membrane 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum 3. Ribosome 4. Nucleus 5. Lysosome 6. Nucleolus 7. Mitochondria 8. Nuclear Membrane 9. Vacuole
10. Cytoplasm
LANGUAGE HELP e.g. The Cell Membrane is the thin layer that surrounds the cell. Its function is protect and control movement of materials in/out of cell .
Differences between animal and plant cells Let’s see what the most important differences between animal cells and plant cells are. Fill the following table (independent work):
ORGANELLE
TYPICAL PLANT EUKARYOTIC CELL Is it found in a plant cell?
Cell Wall
TYPICAL ANIMAL EUKARYOTIC CELL Is it found in an animal cell?
Yes
No
When you have finish you can discuss your answers with the members of your group.
Then answer those questions in group : 1. What cell parts do Animal cells have that Plant cells do not have? 2. What cell parts do Plant cells have that Animal cells do not have? 3. Why do Plant cells have cell walls and Animal cells do not? 4. Why do you think Plant cells have bigger vacuoles than Animal cells?
Useful phrases for discussions
Asking about or for an opinion
What do you think about…? What’s your opinion about ...?
In my opinion… Giving your opinion I think…
Giving an explanation
The reason for this is ....
Agreeing with an opinion
I agree.
Disagreeing with an opinion
I don’t think so.
LANGUAGE HELP e.g. - I think plant cells have cell walls whereas animal cells don’t. - I agree with you.