Shutka Urban research paper

phot ogr aphyŠFabr i ceDi mi er

Ur banShut ka

Resear chpaper Hi st or yofAr chi t ect ur ei nCont empor ar yAge Pr of essorGar l osGabr i elGar ci aVasquez st udentSar aSi moska Mast erofSci encei nAr chi t ect ur e:Sust ai nabl eAr chi t ect ur eofMul t i Scal ePr oj ect Uni ver si t yPol i t ecni codiMi l ano-SedediPi acenz a Januar y,2015

CONTENT

4

I NTRODUCTI ON

5

LOCATI ON AND HI STORY

6

CURRENTSI TUATI ON

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Nor mat i veFr ameaboutt hel i vi ngandhousi ngcondi t i ons

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Qual i t yofShut ka

10

STREETLI FE

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MUSI C&DANCE/HOLI DAYS

12

WEDDI NGS/REPRESANTATI ON&GLORY

14

WORK

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THE SHUTKASHOPPI NG STREET“ EUROPE”

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RELI GI ON/SPORT&RECREATI ON

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Di r ectcont actandhumanscal e Nomadi cAr chi t ect ur e Whodesi gnsf orwho?

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RESI DENTI ALSTREETAMBI ENT

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SUSTAI NABI LI TY

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CONCLUSI ON

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BI BLI OGRAPHY

I NTRODUCTI ON

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

Abst r act Shut kai soneoft hemostcol or f ulandj oyf ulnei ghbor hoods,i ti sami xofdi f f er encesandi ti suni quepi eceofl andwher et hel awscoul dnotbeeasi l yi mpl ement edandt hehabi t sar et r adi t i onal l yconnect edt ot hecul t ur e.Many peopl esayt hatShut kai sasl am,whi chi ti si nsomepoi nt ,butal soi ti snot i nmanyot her s.Noonecanr emai ni ndi f f er entwhenvi si t i ngShut ka.

Thi sr esear chwant st oseeShut kaUr ban.Tofindt her ul esandchar act er s ofonenei ghbor hoodt hati sr eal l yhar dt odealwi t h.Thr oughdi f f er entt opi cs Shut ka i sanal yz ed sot her ear esomel ogi csaboutusageofa space.The nei ghbor hoodi sseenasauni t yofmor ehousesandasahouseofonecommuni t y.Thi sr esear chdoesnotgi veper sonalopi ni oni nawayoft ast e,but want st odocumentt her ealsi t uat i onsandwant st opoi ntoutt hepossi bl e poi nt sf orur bani nt er vent i onst hatwi l li mpr ovet hel i vi ngofpeopl e.

Obj ect i vesoft her esear char e: -Defini t i onofur banel ement si nShut ka -Under st andi ngt heconnect i onbet weent hecul t ur eandur banel ement s Met hodol ogy Thr ough t he si t e vi si t i ng,r eadi ng ot herr esear ches,r epor t s and sur veys aboutShut kaand Romal i f e,i tcan benot i ced t hatoneur ban el ementi s gi venpr i or i t y.Thi sr esear chwant st opoi ntoutt hatever yt hi ngaboutShut ka andRomai sconnect edt ot hest r eet .Thi si swhyal lt heact i vi t i esanddi f f er entchar act er i st i csoft heRomal i f ear eseent hr ought hi sur banel ement .I t shoul dbeal waysr espect edt hatst r eeti si mpor t antpar tofacul t ur eandway ofl i vi ngofRoma.Ther eshoul dneverexi stat t empt st ochanget hecont actbet ween t hepr i vat el i f eandst r eetl i f e.Thecondi t i on ofmostoft hest r eet si s awf ul ,wi t houtel ect r i ci t yandasphal t edpavement .Noonei st aki ngcar eof t hehygi ene.Butst i l lt hi sdoesnotdi st r actpeopl ef r om havi ngt hei rever yday act i vi t i esont hest r eet .Thr oughseei ngt hest r eetambi entwecangodeeper i nanal yz i ngt hehousesandunder st andi ngt hepr i vat el i f eofonef ami l yand t her el at i on wi t ht hel i f eoft henei ghbor hood.Mor echapt er sar edi vi ded undert hemai n subt opi cSt r eetl i f e,t hechapt er sar e:musi c&dance,weddi ngs,r epr esent at i on&gl or y,wor k,Shut kashoppi ngst r eet“ Eur ope” ,Rel i gi on,Spor t &r ecr eat i on,Resi dent i alSt r eetambi entand Sust ai nabi l i t y.Al l t hesear ewor dst hatar edescr i bi ngt heRoma cul t ur e.So,byt aki ngone ur ban el ement ,i nt hi scaset hest r eetwecan under st andent i r enei ghbor hoodandcommuni t y.Thi sshowst hei mpor t anceoft heur banel ementand pr ovest hati fi ti schanged i twi l ldi r ect l y af f ectt hespeci ficcul t ur e.We shoul d notchangepeopl ebychangi ngar chi t ect ur e,buti nst ead,ar chi t ect ur eshoul dchanget opeopl e' sneeds.

4

LOCATI ON AND HI STORY Shut oOr i z ar i( f ami l i arShut ka)i soneoft hebi ggestnei ghbor hoodsi nt hewor l d wher eRomapeopl emakemaj or i t y.Of ďŹ ci all anguagesar eRomaniandt henat i onall anguageMacedoni an.Shut kai sl ocat edi nt henor t hper i pher yofSkopj e,t he capi t alofMacedoni a.I ti spopul at edby30.

000peopl e.Themosti mpor t antst r eet i nShut kai sShut oOr i z ar iwhi chconnect st henei ghbor hoodwi t ht heci t ycent er , andt hr oughi tt ot heci t yofSkopj e.Thebi ggestmi gr at i onofRomai nMacedoni a wasdur i ngt heOt t omanEmpi r e( endofXI Vt obegi nni ngofXX cent ur y) .

Schemat i cmapofSkopj e,Macedoni a

Af t ert heendoft heSecondWor l dWari nMacedoni a,whi chwasnow par toft he new Yugosl avi a,Romast ar t eddevel opi ngper manentr esi dences,most l yont he out ski r t sofl ar gerci t i es.Dur i ngt hi sper i odi nt hei ndust r i al i z at i onpr ocess,t her e was demand f ora wor kf or ce t hatgave oppor t uni t yf orempl oymentofRoma.

Shut oOr i z ar i( Shut ka)wasf oundedi n1963af t ert hedevast at i ngear t hquakei n Skopj e.I twasmeantt obeat empor ar yset t l ementf ort hevi ct i ms.

Dur i ngt heevacuat i on,Skopj ewasr ebui l tand t hevi ct i msmoved t oot hernew bui l dper manentnei ghbor hoods.Somewher ei nbet ween t heset i mesRomaset t l edShut kaandf r om t empor ar ymadei tt hei rshel t erunt i lt oday.Dur i ng1960s USAdonat edsomemet alhousest oser veast empor ar yhousesf ort hevi ct i msof t heear t hquake.Thesehousescanst i l lbef oundi nShut ka,peopl ear est i l ll i vi ng t her e.Fr om 2009t her ear esomemeasur est akenbyt heGover nementoft heRepubl i cofMacedoni at oenl ar gei ncl usi onofRomanii nt heeducat i onpr ocess.I ti s t heďŹ r stcount r yi nt her egi onwi t hami ni st erofRomaniet hni ci t yandal soal ot ofRomanii n hi gh gover nmentposi t i ons.Sever alNon Gover nment alOr gani z at i onswor kaboutt heeducat i onandci vi lr i ght sofRomapeopl e.St i l lt her ei sal ot t obedonei nmanyaspect sofRomapeopl el i vi ngi nShut ka.

5

CURRENT SI TUATI ON

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

Thecur r entsi t uat i on i n Shut ka i sshowi ngr eal l yl ow st andar d ofl i vi ng.

Ther ei s70 per centofunempl oyment .Roma peopl ear ewor l d known f or l i vi nganomadl i f eandmovi ngf r om onepl acet oanot herwhi chi st her eason t heyhavet empor ar yhomes.TheRomai nt heRepubl i cofMacedoni adonot l eadanomadl i f e,meani ngt hatt heyhavebeenl i vi ngonl ocat i onst heyhave popul at edf oral ongt i me.Butst i l lt hel i vi ngcondi t i onshavenotbeen i mpr oved.Mostoft hehousesar ebui l tbyt hef ami l i esi l l egal l yandwi t hunsaf e const r uct i ons.

Ther esul t soft hesur veymadebyMi ni st r yofLaborandSoci alPol i cy i nMacedoni ai n2004“ St r at egyf orRomai nt heRepubl i cofMacedoni a”ar e: Mor et hanhal foft hef ami l i esl i vewi t hanot herf ami l yi nacommuni t y,t hi s means2t o5squar emet er sofspacef oronememberoft hef ami l y.Overhal f oft hei nt er vi ewed di d nothavecondi t i onst o mai nt ai n per sonalhygi ene ( bat hi ng) ;Ar ound 60% usewat eri nt hei rhomes,wher east heot her40% havepumpsi nt hei ryar dsorpubl i cpl aces;ar ound15% usei mpr ovi sedt oi l et t es,whi l ear ound1.

5% oft hef ami l i esdonothavewat eratal l .Thegener alconcl usi on i st hatt hecondi t i onst hey l i vei n ar ever y bad,f r equent l y undert hel eveloft hepr ocl ai medst andar dsf oradequat ehousi ngandar e bei ngconst ant l yper pet uat ed.Theseof t en ar epopul at ed set t l ement swi t h uncl earowner shi pout si det heur banpl anni ng,donothavet hebasi ci nf r ast r uct ur eandt heser vi cesoft hest at esyst em ar edi f ficul tt oaccess.Accor di ngt osomeassessment s,about70% oft heRomadonothaveowner shi p document sf ort hepl acet heyl i vei n.

6

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Met alhousedonat edbyUSAi n1960sf ort hevi ct i msoft heear t hquakei nSkopj e

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Toi l eti nt heyar dofahouse

7

Nor mat i veFr ameaboutt hel i vi ngandhous i ngcondi t i ons * The r ear eal otofi nt e r nat i onaldoc ume nt st hats t at et hati mme di at eac t i v i t i e ss houl dbet ake nf ori mpr ov i ngt hec ondi t i onsof al l i ndi v i dual snotabl et ohav et he i rr i g htf orade quat ehous i ng ,i nc l udi ng t heRoma.Oneoft he mi sI nt e r nat i onalConv e nt i on on Ec onomi c , Soc i alandCul t ur alRi g ht s .TheRe publ i cofMac e doni ahass i g ne d t hi sdoc ume ntand byt hi sac t i on t ake st hedut yt or e c og ni z et he r i g htf orade quat el i v i ng s t andar df ore v e r y body .I nt he Ge ne r al Comme nt ar yNo.4oft hi sConv e nt i on,t heCommi t t e eonEc onomi c , Soc i alandCul t ur alRi g ht soft heUni t e dNat i onsde fine st het e r m ' ade quat ehous i ng 'as' l e g alc e r t ai nt yofhous i ng ' .TheCounc i lof Eur ope ,i nt hedoc ume ntr e c omme nds :" Thes i g nat or ys t at e soft hi s Conv e nt i on r e c og ni z et her i g htofe v e r ype r s on t oade quat el i v i ng s t andar df orhi m andhi sf ami l y ,i nc l udi ngade quat ef ood,c l ot hi ng andhous i ng ,andc ont i nuousi mpr ov e me ntoft hel i v i ngs t andar ds .

Thes i g nat or ys t at e ss hal lunde r t akeade quat es t e pst os e c ur et he e xe r c i s eoft hi sr i g ht ,ac knowl e dg i ngt hee s s e nt i ali mpor t anc eoft he i nt e r nat i onalc oope r at i onbas e donf r e ee xpr e s s i onoft hewi l l . " Hous i ngi se xpr e s s e di ndi f f e r e ntf or ms ,i nc l udi ngac c ommodat i on wi t hr e nt ,publ i candpr i v at e ,c ommuni t yhous i ng ,r e nt al ,mas t e r y , ur g e nthous i ng ,i nf or mals e t t l e me nt s ,i nc l udi ngt ake ov e roft e r r i t or y .

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

TheEur ope anUni oni nAr t i c l e31oft heRe v i s e dEur ope anCol l e c t i v eAg r e e me ntaddi t i onal l yobl i g at e st hes t at e st opr ov i dee f f e c t i v e e xe r c i s eoft her i g htt ohous i ngt hr oug h: 1.pr omot i onofac c e s s i bi l i t yofhous i ngwi t hade quat es t andar d; 2.Pr e v e nt i on and r e duc t i on ofv ag r anc ywi t h at e nde nc yt of ul l y e l i mi nat ei t ; 3.t oac c or dt hepr i c eofhous i ngwi t ht hepos s i bi l i t i e soft hos ewho donothav eade quat ee c onomi cc ondi t i onsf ori t .

Byal lme anst hepr ov i s i onsoft he s ei nt e r nat i onall e g ali ns t r ume nt s de t e r mi net henor mat i v ef r amef ort hepr ov i s i on andpr ot e c t i on of t her i g htt ohous i ngi nt heRe publ i cofMac e doni a,e v e n mor es o hav i ngi n mi ndt hatMac e doni ac ons t i t ut i onal l yde fine si t s e l fasa s oc i als t at et hatt ake sc ar eofi t sc i t i z e nswi t houtf av or i ngs pe c i fic c at e g or yofpopul at i on.

* I nf or mat i ont akenf r om t hedocument“ St r at egyf orRomai nt heRepubl i cofMacedoni a” madebyMi ni st r yofLaborandSoci alPol i cy

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Qual i t yofShut ka Whati squal i t yofShut ka?I ti sadi f ficul tquest i on t obeanswer ed.Wecannot assumepoorhousesasaqual i t ysi nceweknow t hatt hecondi t i onsar eunder r anged and wecannoteven cal lhousecar dboar d shel t er s,someoft hem ar e cl osert ot entt han t ohouse.Buti ft hecar dboar dst ent housesar enotqual i t y, t hani ft hebi gr i chandr epr esent at i vehousesexi st i ngont hebi gst r eetofShut ka ar er epr esent i ngqual i t y?I ti sobvi oust hatf ew peopl el i vi ngi nr i ch housesar e havi ngal lt hecondi t i onst heyneed.I fweconcl udet hatt odaysomeoft heRoma gotr i chandsodi dt hei rhouses,t henweshoul dl eaveShut kaal oneandl ett i me doi t ' sj ob,andj ustwai tf ort her esul t .I not herwor ds,gi vet i met oot herRomat o becomer i ch.On t heot hersi dei fwet aket hest eelhousest hatwer eadonat i on f r om USA ar ound 1963 and shoul d haveser ved ast empor ar yshel t er sand ar e st i l lused,t hanwecanconcl udet hatf orsomepeopl et hi ngsdon’ tchangef orhal f cent ur y.I n al lt hecompl exr eal i t yandwi t houtf or get t i ngpeopl e’ sst or i es,t r adi t i onandcul t ur e,i ti sr eal l ydi f ficul tt omakeonegener alconcl usi onort ogi veone possi bl esol ut i onoft hequest i onaboutqual i t yofShut ka.Thedi ver si t yoff ami l i es and housesand al loft hem f unct i oni ngasonenei ghbor hood i sa pr ovocat i ve i ssue.Si nceShut kai sseenasonebi gent i t yi ti sr eal l yi mpor t antt ofindt hequal i t yofl i f ei nt henei ghbor hood and i nbet ween r el at i onsofhousesand f ami l i es.

Whati st hequal i t yoft henei ghbor hoodt hatuni t esi tandmakesi tuni que,compl exanddi f f er entt han anyot heri nt heci t yofSkopj e?Onepossi bl ewayofr esear chi ngwoul dbebyl ooki ngt hr ought hepl ans,andfindi ngl ogi csaboutur ban pl anni ng,f or mat i on ofdi f f er entt ypol ogi esofst r eet sand open spaces.Thi sr esear chpaperexcl udest hi st ypeofr esear chi ng.Shut kahasor t hogonalgr i dwhi ch waspr obabl ymadewhen t hei nst i t ut i onswer emaki ngt heear t hquakevi ct i ms t empor ar yshel t er sar ound 1963.Roma set t l ed t hi sl ocat i on l i t t l el at er .I thas not hi ngt odowi t ht hei rper sonalneeds.Theur banpl anshowedupt hati ti swor ki ngbecausenotal othaschangedsi ncet hen.Si ncemostoft hehousesar eone st or eyhi gh,t hest r eet sar ehavi ngt hesi mi l ardi mensi ons.Ther ear esomenew bui l di ngs,l i kemosqueandhi ghschool ,butgener al l yt henei ghbor hoodi sf unct i oni ngt hesame.

Themai n appr oach oft hi sr esear ch i ssi t evi si t i ng.Thi sr esear ch i nst r ument shoul dnotbeexcl udedf r om anyot herr esear chi fpossi bl e,buti sr eal l ynecessar y f orunder st andi ngShut ka’ scompl exi t y.Dur i ngavi si tofanei ghbor hoodoraci t y, oneshoul dnotnecessar i l yent erahomeofl ocalpeopl ei nor dert ogett hei mpr essi onoft hegener all i f equal i t y.Theper sonalf eel i ngoft heambi entofast r eetora squar ei sr eal l yi mpor t ant .

Dur i ngmyvi si tofShut kaf ort hepur poseoft hi sr esear ch,i twaswi nt er ,somost oft hest r eet swer ei cy,andmostoft hepeopl ewer ei nsi det hehouses.Butsome oft hel ocal st hatImetont hest r eetandsomemovi es,phot ogr aphymadebyf r eel ancer shel pedmecompl et et her epr esent at i onofmyi mpr essi onofShut ka.I nal l t hemat er i al sIt r i edt ofindoneel ementt hatuni t est hedi ver si t y,andi ti sst r ong and st abl esot henei ghbor hood coul d counton i t .Thi sel ementshoul d beone t hati fchangedwoul dpr ovokechangeoft heent i r enei ghbor hoodandcommuni t y.

Thei mpr ovementoft hi sel ementi st hefinestr ebi r t h oft henei ghbor hoodf r om t hei nsi de.Thatki ndofel ementi sf orsur econnect edwi t hever ydayact i vi t i esof peopl e,butnotsepar at edf r om t heoccasi onalact i vi t i est oo.I ti sl i kewat er .

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A ne i g hbor hood ne e ds wat e r ,and i nt hi sc as ee nt i r e Shut ka i s r e al l ynots uppl i e dwi t hc l e anwat e r .I tbr i ng sal s owat e rt ohome s andbr i ng sf r e s hi de asandne wl i f e .Thr oug hpar al l e ls i t ev i s i tand l e ar ni ng f orRoma c ul t ur e ,onet hi ng i spr e s e nte v e r y whe r e .The s t r e e ti soneoft hemos tv i t ale l e me nt si nShut ka.Re al l yi mpor t ant t houg htpr ov oki ngpoi nt sar eg i v e ni nt hef ol l owi ngpar t .Is e et he s t r e e tasaqual i t yi nShut ka.

STREET LI FE

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

Thes t r e e tasapubl i cpl ac e Al lt heac t i v i t i e si nt hel i f eofRomaar es t r ong l yc onne c t e dt ot he s t r e e t .Thes t r e e ti sar e al l yi mpor t antur bane l e me ntf ort hel i f eof oneRomane i g hbor hood.Thi sur bane l e me nts houl dbede e pl yanal y z e dandunde r s t oodi nor de rt obet r e at e dandi mpr ov e d.The r ei s no s pac e be t we e nt he hous e and t he s t r e e t .St r e e ti st he pl ac e whe r ec ar sc an dr i v e ,butpl e nt yofot he rac t i v i t i e sar eg oi ngon at t hes amet i me .Dur i ngt hewar m pe r i odki dsar epl ay i ngf oot bal lon t hes t r e e t .Thebi g g e s ts hoppi ngs t r e e ti st aki ngpl ac eont hemos t i mpor t ants t r e e ti n Shut ka.Oneoft her e al l yi nt e r e s t i nge v e nt si s t he Roma we ddi ng .Pe opl e dr e s s we l l ,wi t hc ol or f ulc l ot he s and danc eont hes t r e e t .Thes t r e e t si nShut kaar el i ne arpubl i cs pac e s whe r eal otofdi f f e r e ntac t i v i t i e st akepl ac edur i ngdi f f e r e ntt i meof t hedayandoft hey e ar .Thehous e si n Shut kaus ual l ydon’ thav e y ar ds ,be c aus eoft hebi gf ami l i e st hehous eoc c upi e sal li nne ry ar d.

Thes t r e e tt ake st hef unc t i onoft hey ar doft hehous e .Pe opl eg oout andr e pai rt he i rc hi mne y sdur i ngt hewi nt e rorol dpe opl eputs ome s of aon t hes t r e e tands i tf oral ldaydur i ngt hes umme r .Thec ont ac tbe t we e nt hes t r e e tandt hehous ei sv i s ual l ye xt r e me l ys t r ong .

Whi l e wal ki ng i nt he s umme ron Shut ka’ sr e s i de nt i als t r e e t sa pe r s on c an s e ei ns i det hehous e ,be c aus eal lt hehous e sar eone floorhi g handt hewi ndowsar ewi de l yope n.Thes oundoft hes oap ope r aont het e l e v i s i oni sl ouds oi tc oul dbel i s t e ne df r om t hes t r e e t .

Ev e nt houg ht hes t r e e tf orShut kai sr e al l yi mpor t ant ,s t i l li ts e e ms l i kenooneunde r s t andsi t si mpor t anc eandl e av e si ti ndi s as t r ous c ondi t i ons .Thes t r e e twi t houtpr ope rpav e me ntand e l e c t r i c i t yi s notpar tofade quat el i v i ngi nonene i g hbor hood.Li v i ngont hes t r e e t i s a qual i t yf r om whi c h we al lc an l e ar n be c aus ec ont e mpor ar y pe opl ear es obus ywi t ht he i rwor kandt he yne v e rs pe nds omet i me wi t ht hene i g hborar ound t hepl ac et he yl i v e .Smal lc hi l dr e n ar e hav i ngmanyt e c hnol og i e st obebus ywi t h andt he yal s or ar e l yg o on t hes t r e e t st o pl aywi t h ot he rc hi l dr e n.Roma don’ thav et hi s l uxur yandt hi smake st he m nott of or g e tt hes ur r oundi ngandt he pl ac et he yl i v e .

Thef ol l owi ngpar tf oc us e son t hei mpor t anc eoft hes t r e e tasan ur ban e l e me ntf orRoma,e xpl ai ne dt hr oug h di f f e r e ntas pe c t s .I t s houl dbet ake ni nc ons i de r at i onande v e nr e i nf or c eal lt heac t i ons i n pos s i bl ef ut ur ei nt e r v e nt i onsf ori mpr ov e me ntoft hene i g hbor hood.

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MUSI C & DANCE Romaar er eal l yf amousf ort hei rt al entf orsi ngi nganddanci ng.Thi si swhyt hey ar ei nvi t edt opl aymusi c,si nganddancet oal lt heweddi ngsi nal lt hecount r yby Macedoni an peopl eandot hernat i onal i t i es.Themostvi si bl et al entf ordanci ng, si ngi ngandpl ayi ngmusi ccoul dbeseendur i ngRomahol i daysandweddi ngs.

“ Pr al i pe”f ol kl or eassoci at i on

Scenef r om amusi cvi deof r om Shut kaRomaRap

Bar becueont hest r eet

Sel l i ngl ambsf ort hehol i dayGj ur gj ovden

Hol i days Dur i ng t he hol i days t her ei sa t r adi t i on t hatever yf ami l y shoul d cl ean t hei r house.Al sot heycoul dpai ntt hehouseandt hef ences.Fort hemosti mpor t ant Roma hol i day“ Gj ur gj ovden”l ambsar eki l l ed and ar esol d on t hest r eet s.The samemeati scookedonabar becuef aci ngt hest r eet .Loudspeaker sorsoundsyst emsar eseti nt hef or ecour tsot hest r eet sar efil l edwi t h musi candever ybody f eel shappy.Thi shol i dayi scel ebr at ed f or4 daysand ever ybodydanceon t he st r eet . “ Youf eell esshungr ywhenyoudance”–EsmaRedz epova,Romaf amoussi nger .

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WEDDI NGS Roma weddi ng i s one oft he mostcol or f uland j oyf ulexper i ence t hata per soncoul dhavei nShut ka.I ti saneventf ul lofcost umes,chor eogr aphy, musi candf ood.Al lt hewomendr esswel l ,wi t hhi ghl ydecor at edcost umes.

Thebestmusi ci ansar epl ayi ngRomamusi c.Al lt henei ghbor hoodgat her s andever ybodydanceon t hest r eet .Af t ert hi st heygoatar est aur antorat homet oeat .Onl yr i chRomai nShut kacanaf f or dt hi ski ndofweddi ngs.But al lt henei ghbor hoodi si nvi t edt oshar et heni cemomentwi t ht hef ami l y.

REPRESENTATI ON & GLORY Ther i chestpeopl ei nShut kal i veont hemai nst r eetShut oOr i z ar i .Ont he samest r eett her ei st hef amousShut kamar ket“ Eur ope” ,hi gh schooland t hemosque.Thi si st hemostr epr esent at i vepar toft henei ghbor hoodand t hehousesar ehugeandl uxur i ous.Theuseofst r ongcol or si nt hef açades i sobvi ous.Mostcommon col ori sgol den,andusageofgol den col or eddet ai l s.Thest r eethasasphal t edpavementandsomet r eecanbef ound.Roma peopl epr oudl yt akephot osi nf r ontoft hebi ghouses.Ther ei sal soonesmal l publ i cf ount ai nwhi chpoi nt soutt hei mpor t anceoft hest r eet .Themuni ci pal i t yt akesmor ecar ef ort hi sst r eet ,sodur i ngt heChr i st mashol i daysi t wast heonl yst r eetwi t hNew Year sdecor at i ons.Ther ei ssomemai nt enance oft hest r eet ,col l ect i nggar bageandr epl aci ngol dbencheswi t h new ones.

Thi si st heonl ypl acewhi chmostoft hepeopl evi si t i ngShut kawoul dvi si t .

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Themostr epr esent at i vepl acef ort aki ngphot osi nShut ka,i nf r ontofabi ghouseand t hepubl i cf ount ai n

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phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Bi ghouseont hemai nst r eeti nShut ka,st r eetShut o Or i z ar i .Decor at i onwi t hgol dencol oront hef acade.

WORK

phot ogr aphyPaulJef f r ey

Onee s t i mat es howst hatar ound20pe rc e ntofRomahav er e g ul ar e mpl oy me nt ,whi l et her e s tar eune mpl oy e dandar ei nv ol v e di nunr e g ul at e dt r ade .Themos tc ommonwor kf oral lt heRomai nSkopj e i sc ol l e c t i ngt heg ar bag eand br i ng i ngi tt ot hef ac t or i e sf orr e c y c l i ng .The ywor kwi t hhor s e sandt r ai l e r sands omeoft he mc ol l e c t c ar dboar ds ,ot he rc ol l e c tpl as t i cc ans ,i r on e t c .and af t e rbr i ng t he mt ot hes pe c i ficr e c y c l i ngf ac t or y .

Byt hi swor kt he yar ehe l pi ngt her e c y c l i ngpr oc e s soft heg ar bag e ande ar n1t o3Eur ospe rday .Thi sr e c y c l i ngpr of e s s i oni sdi r e c t l y c onne c t e dwi t ht hes t r e e t si nt hec i t yofSkopj e .I ti sawor kt hatc onne c t sRomawi t hal lt hec i t yanddi f f e r e ntne i g hbor hoods .I ti sr e al l y c ommon s c e nei nt hec i t yofSkopj et os e eahor s eandat r ai land pe opl et aki ngoutg ar bag ef r om t heg ar bag ec an.The r ear eat t e mpt s byt hec i t yofSkopj ef ori nt r oduc i ngg ar bag ec ansf ors e l e c t e dg ar bag edi s pos alwhe r et heg ar bag ei sdi v i de d bydi f f e r e ntmat e r i al .

Re al l yof t e nt he s eg ar bag ec answe r ebr oke n byRomadur i ngt he ni g ht .Thi swayt he yt akeal lt hepl as t i cc ansf r om onec an and br i ngi tt ot hef ac t or y .Thi si soneoft her e as onswhyt her e c y c l i ng s y s t e mc oul dnotbei mpl e me nt e di nSkopj e .

Ot he rpr of e s s i ons :Cooki ngi nr e s t aur ant s ,Tar r ott e l l i ng ,c l e ani ng hous e s ,s e l l i ngs e c ondhand, …

Someot he rwe l lknown j ob i sSe l l i ngs e c ond hand.Romape opl e , us ual l ymal e ,mov ear ound t hene i g hbor hoodsofSkopj eand s ay outl oud“ Ibuyol dt hi ng s ” .The nt he ybuyf orr e al l yc he apmone yor t akef orf r e es omeol df r e e z e sorov e nsandaf t e rt hatt he ys e l lt he m i nt hef ac t or yf orr e c y c l i ngorr e pai ri tandr e s e l li t .

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THE SHUTKA SHOPPI NG STREET “EUROPE” I ti st hemostf amousst r eeti nt henei ghbor hoodwher epeopl ef r om al lt hecount r ycomet obuycheapercl ot hesandshoes.Thepr oduct sar emai nl ycomi ngf r om Tur key.Al lt hepr oduct sar eexhi bi t eddi r ect l yont hest r eet .Al lt hepr ocessofsel l i ngandbuyi ngi sgoi ngont hest r eet .Theshoppi ngst r eeti sconsi st edofonesemi cover ed mar ketwhi ch i sf ound on t heonepar toft hest r eetand shopson t he ot hersi deoft hest r eeti nt hegr oundflooroft hehouses.

Peopl ewal ki ngont hest r eet sand dol l swi t hcl ot hest aki ngt he pedest r i anwal k

Usualshopsf aci ngt hest r eet

Ext r at abl eswi t hcl ot hesar eadded Themar keti smor ecl osedt owar dst hest r eet ,even t hough t her ear epl ent yent r ancesf r om i t .Themostsi gni ficantf ort heshoppi ngst r eetar et heshopsont he st r eet .Thebuyer susual l yshoul dnotnecessar i l yent ert heshop.Real l yof t ensel l er sof f erdi scount sont hepr oduct s,soi ti sexpect edf r om t hebuyert oaskf ora sal e.Then i nt er est i ngnegot i at i on begi ns.Shoppi ngdaysar eThur sday,Fr i day, Sat ur dayandSunday.Thi sl i nearpubl i cspaceat t r act speopl ef r om al lShut kat o wor kon i t .Mostof t en peopl ewor kassel l er s,butt her ear epeopl ewhowor kas carkeeper s.Thosear epeopl et hatear nl i t t l emoney,whi l epeopl ear eshoppi ng andt hei rcar sar esupposedt obepr ot ect edf r om t hi eves.Shut kashoppi ngst r eet i st hebi ggesteconomi cpoi ntf ort henei ghbor hood.I npossi bl ef ut ur eur bani nt er vent i ons,t heshoppi ngst r eetshoul dr emai n,bei mpr oved and r ei nf or ced.Thi s coul dbecomer eal l yi mpor t antshoppi ngst r eetf ort heci t yandf ort henei ghbor hoodi fi ti sr at i onal l yi mpr oved.

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RELI GI ON Al lt her el i gi onsar epr esenti n Shut ka.Theyal ll i vet oget her .Mostoft he peopl e i n Shut ka ar e Musl i ms. Ther e ar e t wo mosques i n t he nei ghbor hood.Thebi ggestonei sAmdiPashaMosque.I ti sl ocat edont he mai n st r eetShut o Or i z ar i ,t he same as t he mar ket ,r i ch houses,hi gh schoolandwher et hebusl i nepasses.Real l yof t ent her ear esomesmal l er pl aces f or pr ayi ng,l i ke home ofsome peopl e.I nt he movi e“ Book of r ecor ds”byt hedi r ect orAl eksandarMani ch,whi ch i sadocument ar yf or Shut kapeopl esayt hatt heybel i evet hatt hebestcur ef ordevi li scl ean wat er .I fpeopl edon’ tcl ean t hemsel vesanddon’ tcl ean t hei rhouses,t he devi lwi l lbeal lar oundt hem.Al t hough t hi sbel i evi ngexi st s,st i l lt her ei s noaccesst ocl earwat eri nal lt hehousesandi nt heent i r enei ghbor hood.

SPORT&RECREATI ON Romapeopl el ovet opl ayspor t s,butunf or t unat el yt her ear enotspor thal l si n t he nei ghbor hood.Ther ei s an open pl aygr ound wher e peopl e can pl ay f oot bal l ,buti ti snotsat i sf yi ngt heneedsofpeopl ef ordoi ngspor t s.Theneeds f orspor ti ssat i sfiedont hest r eet sofShut ka,soi nt hesunnydays,t her ear e pl ent yofpeopl epl ayi ngon t hest r eet s.Shut ka hasi t sown f oot bal lt eam cal l edFC Pal er moShut ka.Whent hi st eam i spl ayi ngmat ches,al lShut kai s goi ngt owat ch andt ocheerf ort het eam.Ot herr ecr eat i onalact i vi t i est hat Romapeopl edoi sfishi ngont her i verVar dari nSkopj eandr i di ngt hehor ses on t hegr aveyar dsr eal l y cl oset o Shut ka.Hor sesar et hemosti mpor t ant ani mal sf or Roma l i f e. The spor t act i vi t i es ar ei mpor t ant f or heal t hy communi t y.Thepl aygr oundsar ei n bad condi t i onswi t hi mpr ovi sed goal s.

They shoul d be r enovat ed and i mpr oved. The pavement of t he spor t pl aygr oundsast hest r eet si snotgood,so peopl et hatpl ayspor tcan get i nj ur ed r eal l y easi l y. Some gr een ar eas shoul d be pl anned f or t he nei ghbor hoodsopeopl ecoul dhavemor er ecr eat i onalact i vi t i es.

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Di r ectcont actandhumanscal e Theconnect i onbet weent hehouseandt hest r eeti sdi r ectandt hi si soner eal l y i mpor t antt hi ngf orst r eetat mospher e.Mostoft hehousesdon’ thaveyar ds,so t heent r anceoft hehousei son t hest r eeti t sel f .Thi sdi r ectcont actbet ween houseandst r eet ,bet weeni nsi deandout si deandbet weenhomeandnei ghbor hoodi soneoft her easonswhyt hest r eetofShut kai sspeci fic.Ot heri mpor t ant aspecti st hatmostoft hehousesar eonefloorhi gh.Thi si ssecondi mpor t ant aspectt hatgi vesmor ei mpor t ancet ot hest r eet .When ahousei sonest or ey hi gh,al lt her oomsar eont hefir stfloort hatmeansal lt her oomsar ei nconnect i onwi t ht hest r eet .Cont r ar yi ft hehousehasmor efloor st hansomer oomsar e mor epr i vat eand notdi r ect l y connect ed wi t ht hest r eet .Movi ng i n Shut ka st r eet si sl i kemovi ngi n acor r i dorofar esi dent i albui l di ng.Thedi f f er encei s t hatexceptt hedoor sofhousesyou seewi ndowsand you can seedi r ect l y i nsi de.Thi smakest hest r eeti nt er f er emor ewi t ht hehouse.Shut ka’ sst r eet coul dnotbecompar edwi t h anyot herci t yst r eet ;i ti smor econnect edt ot he l i f eoft hef ami l i es.

Nomadi cAr chi t ect ur e Ber nar d Rudof skyi nt hebook Ar chi t ect ur ewi t houtAr chi t ect sspeaksabout t ent sandpavi l i onsmadebypeopl ei nt hemount ai nsofWest er nAsi a.Heexpl ai nst hatevent hoseshel t er swer emeantt obet empor ar yst i l lt heyar ecar ef ul l ydoneandhavesomei nnerl ogi c.Theyar econsi der edar chi t ect ur e.Shut ka t ent shouses made by car dboar ds ar er eal l y cl oser t ot he wor d“ pavi l i on” .

Maybet hi si st heper f ectwor dt odescr i bet hepl acef orl i vi ngi n Shut kai na poorf ami l y.Why?Becausei ti soner oom space,madebywhat evermat er i al , t hesl eepi ngi son t hegr ound oron mat t r essesf ound i n gar bage.I ti snota house,becausei tdoesnothaveal lt heser vi cest obehouse,i ti snotat ent ,becausei ti snotapor t abl eshel t er .I ti spavi l i on,whi chmakesi tashel t ermade ofwhat evermat er i al sandser vesf orl i veofonef ami l y.

Whodesi gnsf orwho?

I ti sr eal l yeasyt ofindal lt hebadcondi t i onsi nShut ka,si mpl east hati st osay how ki t schar et henew housesbui l dbyr i chRoma.Mor edeepunder st andi ng woul d bewhati sgood orwhatcoul d bei mpr oved.Doweknow i fRomaar e happyi nt hecer t ai n si t uat i on?Doweknow whatwoul d maket hem happy?

JohnF. C.Tur neri nt hebookHousi ngbypeopl epoi nt soutt hatweshoul dfir st askour sel veshow wehouse,how wel ear nandhow wekeepheal t hy.Thanwe canfindanansweraboutwhodeci desandwhodoeswhatf orwhom.I fweask our sel veswhodesi gnsf orShut kaandwhoshoul ddesi gn?Thanpr obabl ywe wi l lsayRomat hemsel vesf ornow.I nt hef ut ur e,maybet her ewi l lbesomenew ur banpl ansandi mpr ovement soft henei ghbor hood,butanysi ngl ei nt er vent i onshoul dbemadet oget herwi t handf orRomawi t houtf or get t i ngt hecul t ur e andt r adi t i ons.

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RESI DENTI ALSTREET AMBI ENT

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Thenextst r eetpar al l elt ot heshoppi ngst r eeti scal m and qui et .Al lt he housesar eusual l yonest or eyhi gh,pr obabl ybecauseoft heconst r uct i on andmat er i al spossi bi l i t i es.Ther ei snotbi gdi ver si t ybet weenoneandanot herhouse.Al lt heyar doft hehousesi sf aci ngt hest r eetwi t hf encesmadeof di f f er entmat er i al s.Ont hephot oont her i ghtt her ei sahousepai nt edvi ol et t owar dsonest r eet ,andnotfini shedt owar dsot her .Pr obabl yonef acadehas mor epr i or i t ybecauset heent r anceoft hehousei st her e.Bui l di ngahouse i nShut kai sagener at i onpr ocess.Onegr andf at herhasst ar t eddur i nghi s youngagesandt henhi ssonscont i nue.

Maybeonedayt hathousewi l lbecomecol or edandwi t hst r ongerconst r uct i onmat er i al s,butst i l lonest or eyhi gh.Mor epeopl ewoul df eelscar yt ogo ar oundt heseki ndsofst r eet s,becauset heambi entl ooksnotsaf ef ormost oft hepeopl e.Pr obabl yaut omobi l esdon’ tpassbyof t enher e,gar agescoul d notbef ound aspar toft hepoorRoma houses.Ther ei sno l i ghton t he st r eet s,sodur i ngt heni ghti sr eal l yunpl easant .Ther ear esomehousest hat seem l i ket heybel ongt osomemi ddl ecl assRoma.Thi sshoul dbeacl assbet weenr eal l ypoorpeopl eandr i chpeopl e,onewi t hhouseswi t hi mpr ovi sed mat er i al sandst r uct ur esandot herwi t hr eachandhugehouseswi t hgol den decor at i ons.The mi ddl e Roma cl ass l ooks l i ke t hey seek t owar ds r each houses,sot her ecanbefindsomel i onscul pt ur edecor at i veel ement sont he ent r ance f ence.Thi s el ement s ar e pr obabl y showi ng some r i chness and gl or y.I nt hesest r eet st hedi f f er encesbet ween t hef ami l y’ si ncomei sobvi ous.Event hought hedi f f er encei ssmal landi ti si nsomedet ai l s,i ti sobvi ous.Pr obabl yi nt hepast ,al lt hehouseswer ei nt hesamecondi t i on,butt he t i mechangedt hecondi t i onsandi ti mpact edt hewayofl i vi ng.

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phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Someol dandpoorhousesbecamepoor er ,someoft hem ar er enovat ed and ar ei nr enovat i on al lt he t i me,but somear eďŹ ni shed,bui l tandcol or ed.Thel astar emaybe notasr i ch ast her i chest ,butst i l lsomenor malcondi t i onscoul dbeseenf r om t heout si devi ew.Ast hehouses ar ebui l ti ngener at i on,t hati show Shut kai sbui l tal so.I t i sanei ghbor hoodi nt r ansi t i on.Becauseoft het empor ar y mat er i al s and t he shor t per i od of l ast i ng, t hey ar e changedwi t h ot hert empor ar ymat er i al sandsoon.But st i l li thaspasthal facent ur yofShut kaexi st i ng,andst i l l i tdoesn’ tl ook per manentnei ghbor hood f ort heol d set t l er s.

Emphasi z edent r anceofami ddl ecl assRomahouse wi t hgol dencol or edgypsum scul pt ur el i onsst andi ng onbl ackandwhi t est r i pedcol umns.Thef encei s madebyi r on.

phot ogr aphySar aSi moska

Oneofmanyst r eet swher epoorandmi ddl eRomacl assl i ves

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SUSTAI NABI LI TY

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

Romahavesust ai nabl ebackgr oundt oal lt heact i vi t i esconnect edt ot hei r wayofl i vi ng.Asment i onedbef or e,wor ki ngasci t yr ecycl i ngf or cei soneof t hest r ongestsust ai nabl eact i ons.I ti snotonl yaboutt hecol l ect i on oft he gar bage,butal sot het r anspor tvehi cl epeopl euse.Theyr i dehor sesorr i de bi cycl es.Wi t h al lt hewor kt heydonotpol l ut e,and even mor et akecar e aboutt hegar bageoft heci t y.Thefinali mageofal lt hi si st hatfir st ,t hewor k asagar bager ecycl eri snotsaf ehygi eni cal l yf orpeopl ebecauset heydonot useanypr ot ect i onl i kegl ovesandmasks.Secondpr oveofsust ai nabl eway ofl i vi ngi st hehouse.Thehousesofpoor erRomaar emadebyt hemat er i al s f oundont hest r eet .Ther ecoul dbeseendi f f er entki ndofmat er i al s.Someof t hem ar econst r uct i onall i kebr i cks,butr eal l yof t ent her ear esomemet alel ement st hatwer epr obabl yaut omobi l esdoor s.

Thewi nt ercoul dber eal l ycol di nt hi ski ndofi mpr ovi sedhouses.Ther ai n coul dmeandest r uct i onoft heent i r ehouse.Thehygi enei sonar eal l yl ow l evelbecauseofnotexi st i ngwat erconnect i on i nt hehouseandt het oi l et s bei ngusual l yst at i onedi nt heyar d,shar edwi t hmor ef ami l i es.The“ sust ai nabl e”housesar ej ustast ar t i ngi dea,buti nt heendwehaveunsaf econst r uct i ont hatdoesnotsat i sf yt hel owerst andar dsf orl i vi ngofonef ami l y.Thi si s whyt heseact i onscoul dbet akenasi ni t i alsust ai nabl eact i onsandbecome ast ar t i ngpoi ntofan i deawher ear chi t ectand/orur ban pl annershoul d t hi nkof .Theusageofol dvehi cl emat er i al sf ordoori sper f ect ,butbecause ofl ackofknowl edgeandt echni quei snotgoodi mpl ement ed.

Cr eat i vi t yi sgr owi ngupwhent her esour cesar el i mi t ed.Di f f er enti nt er est i ngexampl escoul dbeseeni nRomahousesmadebysomepl ast i cpackages mat er i al sand used f orflowerpot s,t abl es,di sheshol der s,sound syst em madebycar tboxes,smal lt abl emadebybeercasks… Roma coul d hol d wor kshopsal lar oundt hewor l daboutwast edesi gnandl ow costdesi gn.So manyi deascoul dbef ound,i fl ookeddeeperi nt hehouses.

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Met alf ence

21

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

I mpr ovi sedhousemadebycar tboar ds,woodboar ds,pl ast i cbagsandcar pet

phot ogr aphyJer eLeski nen

Thest r at egyoft hecount r yi ncl udest hef ol l owi ngact i vi t i es: -l egal i z at i onofi l l egalRomabui l di ngswher ei ti sf easi bl eandpossi bl e, wi t ht heai m ofhavi ngasfinalr esul tt hei rmoder nur bani z at i on -r esol ut i onoft hei ssueofowner shi poft hehousesandt hel andt he housesar ebui l don ( l egal i z at i on)andfindconst r uct i veandl ast i ngsol ut i onsi nt hi s - connect i onst ot hewat ersuppl yandsewer agenet wor ks,aswel last hei r i ncl usi oni nt hel egalcol l ect i onsyst em; - asphal tst r eet s; -r egul argar bagecol l ect i on; -housi ngt obeadequat et ot hecul t ur alnor msandneeds; -t oenabl eaccesst ocer t ai nser vi cesandi nf r ast r uct ur e' Themuni ci pal i t yshoul d hi r eeducat ed ur ban pl anner sand ar chi t ect st o pr epar emast erpl an f ordocument i ngt heact ualsi t uat i on and t hen pr oposemast erpl ansf ort hef ut ur eur ban devel opment .Repr esent at i vesof t heRomacommuni t yshoul dbet r ai nedt omanageandmai nt ai nnew i mpl ement edsyst ems.Havi ngi nmi ndt hebi gef f or t snecessar yi nt heur ban pl anni ngar ea,i ti sevi dentt hatt heRepubl i cofMacedoni adoesnothave t hefinanci alandeconomi cpowert or eal i z et hest at edpr i or i t i esoni t sown.

Out si definanci alhel pf ort hepr obl em shoul dbei mpl ement ed.

CONCLUSI ON Fr om hi st or i cal l ypoi ntofvi ew Shut kawasmeantt obeat empor ar yset t l ementf orvi ct i msofanear t hquakei nSkopj ei n1963.Shut kawast empor ar y f r om i t sbegi nni ngasa nei ghbor hood and i tst i l lseemsl i ket hi s.On t he ot hersi deRomaar eknownt hatt heyl i vel i f ei nmovi ngf r om onepl acet oanot her .So t hey usual l y bui l tt empor ar y shel t er s.Shut ka i snei ghbor hood wher eRoma makemaj or i t yand i spl acewher eRoma cul t ur eand habi t s coul dbeseen.Tr ought hesi t evi si ti tcoul dbeassumedRomaaf f ect i ont owar dst henei ghbor hoodandent i r eci t y.Romacul t ur ei si nsepar abl econnect edt ot hest r eet .Mostoft heact i vi t i esi nt heever ydayl i f eofRomaar e goi ngon t hest r eet .St r eeti sapubl i cspacewi t h manyact i vi t i es.Shut ka st r eet sar er i chwi t hdi f f er entsi t uat i ons.Thi si st hemosti mpor t antchar act er i st i cofoneRomacommuni t y.Unf or t unat el yt hecondi t i onsoft hest r eet s ar enotgood.Ther ear edi f f er entst r eet s,butmostoft hem ar enotconnect ed wi t hwat erandel ect r i ci t yandar enotasphal t ed.Ther ear enot r eesorgr een ar eas.Thi smeanst hathousesont hest r eetar eal sonotconnect edt ot hese ser vi ces,orsomeoft hem havesomepr i vat ei mpr ovi sedandnotsaf econnect i ons.

Thepossi bl ef ut ur ei nt er vent i onsi n Shut ka shoul d mean i mpr ovi ng t he st r eetcondi t i onsandhousescondi t i ons.I tshoul dbeconcl udedt hatpr esentst r eetsoci alchar act er i st i cshoul dbekept .I mpr ovement soft hest r eet coul dmeanconnect i onwi t hwat erandel ect r i ci t y.Thepavementshoul dbe madewi t hasphal torot hermat er i al .Tr eesandgr eenar easshoul dbepl ant ed.Real l yi mpor t antchar act er i st i ci st hesust ai nabl ewayofl i vi ngandr ecycl i ngol dmat er i al sf ormaki nghomes.Theseact i vi t i esshoul dbei mpl ement edi nt hef ut ur ebet t erdesi gnandi mpr ovementoft hehouses.Al lt henewi nt er vent i onsi nShut kashoul dbemadebydoi tyoursel fact i ons.

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Wi t hhel pofpr of essi onal sandsomel owi nvest ment sRomacoul dmaket hehouses wi t hbet t ermat er i al sandbet t ert echni ques.Somepubl i cspacescoul dbecr eat ed t hatanswert ot heRomacul t ur eneedsf orpubl i cspace.

Spor tpl aygr oundsshoul d ber enovat ed.Gr een ar easl i kepar ksand somesmal lur ban agr i cul t ur alfiel ds shoul dbepl aned.Tr eesshoul dbepl ant edt hatwi l lmakeshadowsont hest r eet s andwi l lgi vemor epl easantambi entonShut ka’ sst r eet s.Pl acesf orseat i ngshoul d beputi nf r ontoft hehousest owar dst hest r eetsopeopl ecanuset hem whi l et hei r st r eetact i vi t i es.

Peopl eshoul dbei ncl udedi nt hepr ocessofi mpr ovi ngt henei ghbor hood.Shut ka hasi t sown qual i t i es,butal loft hem ar est r i ct l yconnect ed wi t ht hecul t ur eof peopl e.Shut kar emai nsi nspi r at i onf oral otofphot ogr apher s,movi emaker sand bl ogger s.Butal lt hi sact i onsar ej ustdocument i ngt hewaypeopl el i vet her e.I t i si mpor t antbutnotsuf fici entunt i lsomebi ggeract i onsar et akenf ori mpr ovi ng t henei ghbor hoodandbyt hati mpr ovet hel i f eofpeopl e.

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BI BLI OGRAPHY

Mar i j aMi j akovska,“ Oneshoppi ngdayi nt hemuni ci pal i t yofShut ka” Voi ces( newspaper ) .2010 Mi ni st r yofLaborandSoci alPol i cyRepubl i cofMacedoni a,St r at egyf or Romai nt heRepubl i cofMacedoni a,December ,2004 Per r aPar i oDani el e.Low CostDesi gn.Mi l ano:Si l vanaEdi t or i al e,2010 RoccaAl essandr o.Ar chi t et t ur aLow Cost/Low t ech.Vi cenz a:Sassi Edi t or eSr l ,2010 Rudof skyBer nar d.Ar chi t ect ur ewi t houtar chi t ect s.New Yor k: Museum ofModer nAr t ,1964 Shut kaBookofRecor ds,Di r .Al eksandarMani c,Cabi r i aFi l ms,Al eksandarMani c,Cz echTel evi si on,2005 TRBOJEVI KISvet l anaandBOGOEVSKANat asha.Mi gr at i on,Soci al Excl usi onandI dent i t yi ssuesofMacedoni anRoma.

Tur nerF. C.JohnHousi ngbyPeopl e:Towar dsAut onomyi nBui l di ng Envi r onment s,I deasi npr of r ess.London:Mar i onBoyar s, 1976 ht t p: //shut kar epor t er . kwi kk. i nf o/?p=18Shut kar epor t er ,2007

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