Urdu A step by step guide Part 1
Mawlana Hashim Muhammad
Al-Qalam Publications
Contents CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................................................3 LESSON 1 SUBJECT PREDICATE ...................................................................................................................................6 SENTENCE STRUCTURE ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 JOINING WORDS ............................................................................................................................................................. 6 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................... 9 LESSON 2 GENDER .................................................................................................................................................. 10 MARKED NOUNS ........................................................................................................................................................... 10 UNMARKED NOUNS ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 12 LESSON 3 POSSESSION ............................................................................................................................................ 13 POSSESSIVE PHRASE ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 POSSESSION IN SENTENCES ............................................................................................................................................... 14 NUMEROUS POSSESSIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 17 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 19 LESSON 4 PLURALS.................................................................................................................................................. 20 MAKING PLURALS.......................................................................................................................................................... 20 IDENTIFYING UNMARKED MASCULINE PLURALS ...................................................................................................................... 22 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 23 LESSON 5 ADJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................. 24 UN-MARKED ADJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................................. 24 DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES AND PREDICATES......................................................................................................... 25 MARKED ADJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 ADJECTIVES WITH SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES ........................................................................................................................ 29 ADJECTIVES WITH POSSESSION........................................................................................................................................... 31 POSSESSION AND ADJECTIVES: PERSIAN FORM ....................................................................................................................... 32 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 34 LESSON 6 PAST TENSE ............................................................................................................................................. 35 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 40 LESSON 7 PAST TENSE: INTRANSITIVE VERBS ............................................................................................................ 41 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS .................................................................................................................................. 41 SENTENCE ORDER .......................................................................................................................................................... 42 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 46 LESSON 8 PRE-POSITIONS / POST-POSITIONS ............................................................................................................. 47 PRE-POSITIONS............................................................................................................................................................. 47 SENTENCE ORDER .......................................................................................................................................................... 47 PREPOSITIONS AFTER NOUNS............................................................................................................................................ 49 PREPOSITIONS AFTER POSSESSION ...................................................................................................................................... 56 COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 57 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 61 LESSON 9 PAST TENSE: TRANSITIVE VERBS ................................................................................................................ 62 SUBJECT MARKER .......................................................................................................................................................... 63 OBJECT MARKER ........................................................................................................................................................... 64 SENTENCE ORDER & TRANSLATION TO ENGLISH ...................................................................................................................... 64 VERB OBJECT AGREEMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 65
3
VERBS ENDING IN VOWELS............................................................................................................................................... 66 IRREGULAR VERBS ......................................................................................................................................................... 77 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 79 LESSON 10 ADVERBS ............................................................................................................................................... 80 ADVERBS OF PLACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 80 ADVERBS OF TIME ......................................................................................................................................................... 82 ADVERBS OF MANNER .................................................................................................................................................... 86 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................................................. 89 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ................................................................................................................................................. 90 LESSON 11 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................................................................. 91 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS BEFORE PREPOSITIONS ............................................................................................................... 94 CHECKLIST & KEY WORDS .............................................................................................................................................. 100 LESSON 12 PERSONNEL PRONOUNS........................................................................................................................ 101 PRONOUNS AS SUBJECT ................................................................................................................................................. 102 PRONOUN AS OBJECTS.................................................................................................................................................. 104 PRONOUNS AS POSSESSION ............................................................................................................................................ 107 PRONOUNS BEFORE PREPOSITIONS ................................................................................................................................... 110 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS .................................................................................................................................................. 111 CHECKLIST & KEY WORDS .............................................................................................................................................. 115 LESSON 13 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................................................................. 116 POLAR QUESTIONS....................................................................................................................................................... 116 NON-POLAR QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................................................... 119 CHECKLIST AND KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................................................ 132 LESSON 14 GENDER PART 2.................................................................................................................................... 133 GENDER OF LIVING THINGS ............................................................................................................................................ 133 GENDER OF NON-LIVING THINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 134 GENDER OF ARABIC WORDS USED IN URDU ........................................................................................................................ 141 REVIEW OF GENDER ..................................................................................................................................................... 151 LESSON 15 PLURALS, NUMBERS, & TIME ................................................................................................................ 152 ARABIC PLURALS ......................................................................................................................................................... 152 PERSIAN PLURALS ........................................................................................................................................................ 156 OTHER RULES REGARDING PLURALS .................................................................................................................................. 157 SUMMARY OF PLURALS ................................................................................................................................................. 160 NUMBERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 160 TIME ....................................................................................................................................................................... 167 DATE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 169 LESSON 16 SUBJECT PREDICATE PART 2 ................................................................................................................... 171 OTHER TYPES OF SUBJECT PREDICATE SENTENCES ................................................................................................................. 171 NEGATIVE SENTENCES ................................................................................................................................................... 173 OTHER JOINING WORDS ................................................................................................................................................ 176 SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 180 SUBJECT WITHOUT A PREDICATE ...................................................................................................................................... 181 CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................................................... 182 LESSON 17 POSSESSION PART 2 .............................................................................................................................. 183 TO HAVE .................................................................................................................................................................. 183 RE-ORDERING POSSESSION ............................................................................................................................................ 189 OMISSION IN POSSESSION .............................................................................................................................................. 190 OTHER USES OF POSSESSION .......................................................................................................................................... 190
4
CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS ............................................................................................................................................... 191 LESSON 18 ADJECTIVES PART 2 ............................................................................................................................... 192 ADJECTIVE INTENSIFIERS ................................................................................................................................................ 192 REPETITION OF AN ADJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 194 REPETITION OF A NOUN ................................................................................................................................................ 195 ADJECTIVE OF A PRONOUN ............................................................................................................................................. 196 ADJECTIVES OF NUMBER................................................................................................................................................ 196 PREFIXES................................................................................................................................................................... 201 SUFFIX ..................................................................................................................................................................... 208 COMPARISON ............................................................................................................................................................. 213 LESSON 19 SUBJECT, PREDICATES, ADJECTIVES, OBJECTS & ADVERBS AS SENTENCES ................................................... 219 SUBJECT & PREDICATES AS SENTENCES .............................................................................................................................. 219 ADJECTIVES AS SENTENCES ............................................................................................................................................. 220 OBJECTS AS SENTENCES ................................................................................................................................................. 228 ADVERBS AS SENTENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 230 LESSON 20 PARTICLES AND MISC. ........................................................................................................................... 232 CONJUNCTIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 232 INCLUSIVE PARTICLES .................................................................................................................................................... 236 EXCLUSIVE PARTICLE..................................................................................................................................................... 238
وت............................................................................................................................................ 241 VOCATIVE CASE .......................................................................................................................................................... 242 THE EMPHATIC PARTICLE
5
Lesson 1 Subject Predicate SENTENCE STRUCTURE A simple sentence, in English and Urdu, is made up of three words; subject, predicate and a joining word. The thing you are talking about is called the subject. The information is called the predicate. The teacher The teachers subject
is are joining word
pious. pious. predicate
JOINING WORDS In Urdu, the words “ ”ےہand “ ”ںیہare used as joining words and instead of coming in the middle of the sentence, as in English, they come at the end of the sentence.
ےہ
کین
joining word
رمع
predicate subject
The word “ ”ےہis used when the subject is singular. The word “ ”ںیہis used when 1. the subject is plural or 2. when it is someone who is due respect, like an elder.
ںیہ ںیہ
joining word
کین کین
ہبلط ااتسد
predicate Subject
Notes: 1. In Urdu there is no word for “the”, however when translating from Urdu to English, the subject will have “the” before it; and when translating from English to Urdu, it will have to be omitted.
ااتسدکینںیہ (The) teacher is pious. 2. Even though Allah is a being that demands respect, both ےہor this is that
ےہis singular, so to emphasize Allah’s oneness the singular word is used. The singular
is more popular, however both are correct. 6
ںیہcan be used. The reason for
Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with the correct joining word and translate.
)1اہللاکی ۔۔۔
)7اترجقفشم ۔۔۔
)13اہللرب۔۔۔
)2اطبلِملعکین ۔۔۔
)8ااسذتہکین۔۔۔
)14ہبلطکین ۔۔۔
)3اطیشندنمش۔۔۔
)9ہتختایسہدمعہ۔۔۔
)15ااسذتہقفشم۔۔۔
)4ااتسداصبحاعمل۔۔۔
)11امںرہمابن۔۔۔
)16دمحمیلصاہللہیلعوملسیبن۔۔۔
)5ملق رخاب۔۔۔
)11رھگاصف۔۔۔
)17رضحتاوبرکب ریضاہللہنعّدصقی۔۔۔
)6رھگدمعہ۔۔۔
)12اھبیئزمکور۔۔۔
)18رضحترمعریضاہللہنعافروق۔۔۔ Exercise 2 Translate into Urdu 1) The pen is good. 2) Ahmad is weak. 3) The students are pious. 4) The board is clean. 5) The house is broken.
6) The brother is kind. 7) Zakariya is a scholar. 8) Ismail is a student. 9) The student is pious. 10) Riyaz is a business man.
Exercise 3 Study the sentences below. If there are any mistakes, explain what is wrong and correct them.
)1اعملکینےہ۔
)6امںرہمابنےہ۔
)2ملقرخابںیہ۔
)7اھبیئرہمابنںیہ۔
)3رھگدمعہےہ۔
)8دنمشزمکورںیہ۔
)4آدیمدنمشےہ۔
)9اطیشندنمشںیہ۔
)5ااسذتہکینںیہ۔
)11اترجکینےہ۔
Urdu
اکی
7
Pronunciation
ک ْ اے ْ
Vocab Plural
Translation adj
one
m
student pious
اطبلِملع
ْ لَع ِ اط۔ل۔ےب۔ ل ْ
کین
ےنک ْ
adj
اطیشن
ْ،اطن یش ْ
m
Satan
دنمش
ُدش۔نَم
adj
enemy
ااتسد
اس۔اتد
َط ل ل لب
ِ ا للس ِاتذہ
m
teacher استاذ,ذ note: the Arabic is written with a
یظفللیھک Find the words in the word search below.
ع
خ
ی
م
ق
ن
ی
ک
ی
ا
ا
م
س
ط
ا
ل
ب
ع
ل
م
ل
ی
د
گ ع
ق
ک
ت
م
خ
م
ل
ق
ہ
ق
م
ر
ا
ت
ھ
خ
ا
گ ص
ز
ص
ھ
ج
ف
ل
ر
ق
خ
و
ا
ا
ت
ر
م
ع
ا
ز
ر
ا
گ
ف
ل
ز
ھ
ھ
ب
ھ
ا
ء
ی
م
ع
ت
ص
گ
good house clean brother weak one scholar pen student pious business man broken
CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS Keywords o Subject o Predicate o Joining word
Do you know o The difference between ےہand ?ںیہ o How to translate “the?” o What joining words can be used for the word ?اہلل
9
wide
adj
lazy
adj
active
adj
easy
adj
difficult
adj
noble
ک۔اش۔دہ ُ ْ س ُ ست ت ُُ ت ت چ ت
اشکدہ تسس تسچ
آ۔اسن ِ مُش ۔ک
آاسن
adj
ش۔ریف َ
رشفی
evil
adj
ش۔ریر
رشری
beautiful
adj
۔رت وخب ُ ت و وخوصبرت ۔ص ت ت
ugly
adj
دبرورت ََدب۔رورت
brave
adj
ب۔اہ۔ ُدر
اہبدر
coward
adj
زب۔ ِدل
زبدل
generous
adj
س۔یخ
یخس
stingy
adj
نک۔وجس ت
وجنکس
sick
adj
یب۔امر ت
امیبر
healthy
adj
ْ س ۔ر ت ت ُ دنترتس نت۔ ُد
less
adj
مک
مک
a lot
adj
ز۔ای۔دہ
زایدہ
correct
adj
ص۔یحح
حیحص
correct
adj
د۔رتس
درتس
in-correct
adj
غ۔لط
طلغ
hot
adj
گ۔رم
رگم
لکشم
DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN ADJECTIVES AND PREDICATES The predicate and the adjective are the same set of words. However, the difference is that the adjective comes before the noun and the predicate comes after. Also, the predicate has ےہafter it. Subject and Predicate
Noun and Adjective
رھگاصفےہ
اصفرھگ
The house is clean.
the clean house
25
Exercise 3 Translate into English and put a (P) after sentences with a predicate and (A) after sentences with an adjective.
) زایدہدوتل21
) وکہناصفےہ11
) آدیم رغبیےہ1
) زنیماشکدہےہ22
) کیناترج12
) رغبیآدیم2
) اتکرشریےہ23
) اترجکینےہ13
) ااتسدقفشمںیہ3
) حیحصراے24
) اطوتقردوتس14
) قفشمااتسد4
) رکیسرخابےہ25
) دوتساطوتقرےہ15
) دمعہانم5
) رخابڑھکیک26
) زمکوراتال16
) انمدمعہےہ6
) ڑھکیکرخابےہ27
) تمیقزایدہےہ17
) اپینزایدہےہ7
) ڑھگیدمعہےہ28
) رگمرویٹ18
) زایدہاپین8
) دمعہڑھگی29
) ڑسکاصفےہ19
) آاسنمکح9
) اپتیئاصفےہ31
) اصفڑسک21
) مکحآاسنےہ11
Exercise 4 Translate into Urdu 1) clean house 2) The class is clean. 3) The man is pious. 4) the pious man 5) the active mother 6) The mother is active. 7) the lazy brother 8) The brother is lazy.
9) The business-man is noble. 10) the difficult book 11) The book is difficult. 12) the stingy friend 13) The friend is stingy. 14) the generous mother 15) the evil man 16) The man is evil.
MARKED ADJECTIVES Adjectives, like nouns, are of two types; marked and unmarked. Marked adjectives are those ending in
‘‘ ’’اand unmarked are those not ending in ‘‘’’ا. Just as the possession words اکand یکchange due to the gender of the word after them, marked adjectives also change. Unmarked adjectives do not change. Marked Adjective
ڑبا ڑبیامں
ڑبےااتسد
ااتسدڑبےںیہ امںڑبیےہ 26
ڑبیاتکب
ڑباملق
اتکبڑبیےہ
ملقڑباےہ
Unmarked Adjective
کین کینامں
کینااتسد
کیننہب
کیناھبیئ
امںکینںیہ
ااتسدکینںیہ
نہبکینےہ
اھبیئکینےہ
In the above examples, ڑباis a marked adjective. When the noun following it was masculine, like ملق, it remained with an ‘‘’’ا. However, when the word following it was feminine, like اتکب, the ‘‘’’اchanged to
‘‘’’ی. Similarly, when the word after it was plural it changed to ے. Note: Feminine adjectives remain the same for singular and plural.
ڑبںیاتکںیب،ڑبیاتکںیب،ڑبیاتکب Translation
Marked Adjectives Pronunciation
Urdu
good
adj
ُ ت ۔چا اچ ت
ااھچ
evil
adj
رُبا
small
adj
ب۔را ُ چ۔اٹ ُُ و
big
adj
ب۔ڑا َ
وھچاٹ َ َبڑا
new
adj
ن۔ای
این
old
adj
پ۔را۔ان ُ
رپاان
cheap
adj
اتسس
expensive
adj
سست۔ات ں م۔ہ۔اگ
wet
adj
یگ۔ال
الیگ
dry
adj
وُس۔اھک
وساھک
honest
adj
چس۔اچ
اچس
liar
adj
وھج۔اٹ
وھجاٹ
beloved
adj
پ۔ای۔را
ایپرا
cold
adj
نھٹ۔ڈا
ڈنھٹا
long
adj
مل۔اب
ابمل
wide
adj
وچ۔ڑا
وچڑا
اگنہم
27
وماٹ
ومٗ۔اٹ
adj
fat
رفہب
رف۔ہب
adj
fat
دالب وجان وبڑاھ
ُدب۔ال ج۔وان وبڑ۔اھ
adj
skinny
adj
young
adj
old
الیم
ےم۔ال
adj
dirty
دنگا
نگ۔دا
adj
dirty
رہگا
گِہ۔را
adj
deep
اکلہ
لہ۔اک
adj
light
اھٹیم
یم۔اھٹ
adj
sweet
ڑکوا
ڑک۔وا
adj
sour
آداھ
آ۔داھ
adj
half
وپرا
وُپ۔را
adj
whole
وھتڑا
وھت۔ڑا
adj
a little
ڈنھٹا
نھٹ۔ڈا
adj
cold Notes:
means bad. These two are commonly mixed up. As a clue, remember thatربا means big andڑبا
1.
.ڑ has a topi on itsڑبا big people wear a topi, so 2. There are some words which are unmarked even though they have endings of marked nouns. .اھبری andرفہب ,اشکدہ ,دمعہ Hence, they will remain unchanged. Some are
دمعہاتکب،اشکدہالکس،رفہبڑلیک،اھبریملق Exercise 5 Translate into English
)1رشفیڑلاک
)6ےچسڑلےک
)11ڑلیکرشفیےہ
)16ڑلایکںیچسںیہ
)2رشفیڑلےک
)7یچسڑلیک
)12ڑلایکںرشفیںیہ
)17ربادوتس
)3رشفیڑلیک
)8یچسڑلایکں
)13ڑلاکاچسےہ
)18رکیسایھچےہ
)4رشفیڑلایکں
)9ڑلاکرشفیےہ
)14ڑلےکےچسںیہ
)19ایھچاتکںیب
)5اچسڑلاک
)11ڑلےکرشفیںیہ
)15ڑلیکیچسےہ
)21اکیپوھچیٹےہ 28
) اچایبںیتسسںیہ36
) یلیمڑگپی31
) رپاانرھب26
) وھچےٹاھبیئ21
) یکلہیلیھت37
) یلیمڑگپایں32
) اپتیئرپاینےہ27
) وھچاٹاھبیئ22
) یکلہایلیھتں38
) اگڑایں یلیںیہ33
) اپتایئںرپاینںیہ28
) ڑھکیکیئنےہ23
) یئناکایپں39
) یگنہمداکںین34
) ومیٹڑلیک29
) یئنالکس24
) اکیپیئنےہ۔41
) اچیبیتسسےہ35
) ومیٹڑلایکں31
) رپاےنرھگ25
Exercise 6 Fill in the blanks using the words in brackets and then translate into English.
)ےہ(آاسن.....) اہللاکمکح8
)اکیپ(الیگ..... )1
)ےہ(وھچاٹ.....) دوتس9
)اگڑی(اگنہم..... )2
)ںیہ(رشفی.....) امں11
)اچیب(ابمل..... )3
)اتکبےہ(اچس.....) رقآناہللیک11
)ےہ(وچڑا.....) رکیس4
)روسلںیہ۔(اچس.....) روسلاہللﷺ اہللےک12
)ےہ(کین.....) آدیم5
)تنسےہ(ایپرا.....) وسماکروسلاہللﷺ یک13
)ےہ(دمعہ.....) انم6 )ےہ(اھٹیم.....) اپین7
Exercise 7 Translate into Urdu 1) Sweet water 2) The water is sweet. 3) dirty place 4) dirty places 5) The places are dirty
6) The place is dirty. 7) the expensive pen 8) the expensive pens 9) The pen is expensive. 10) The pens are expensive.
ADJECTIVES WITH SUBJECTS AND PREDICATES The subject and the predicate join to make a whole sentence whilst the noun and adjective join to become a subject or predicate.
ںیہ Joining Word
قفشم
ااتسد
کین
Noun Adjective Predicate Subject
29
ںیہ Joining Word
اعمل
ڑبے
زدی
Noun Adjective Predicate
Subject
Exercise 8 Translate into English
تسچےہ۔،) ڑبااھبیئ17
یقیقحرغتبےہ۔،) اہجتل9
) اچسڑلاککینےہ۔1
) یلیمالکسربیےہ۔18
اامیناکاکیہصحےہ۔،) ایح11
) ےچسڑلےککینںیہ۔2
) یئناکیپیگنہمےہ۔19
) ڑبےرھگدمعہںیہ۔11
) یچسڑلیککینےہ۔3
) رپایناکایپںیتسسںیہ۔21
امدلارےہ۔،) کیناترج12
) یچسڑلایکںکینںیہ۔4
) اصفڑگپیوخوصبرتےہ۔21
) زبدلڑلےکامیبرںیہ۔13
) وھچاٹہچبرباےہ۔5
) اپیکاامیناکآداھےہ۔22
) اہبدرایٹیبںدنترتسںیہ۔14
) وھچےٹےچبربےںیہ۔6
تسسےہ۔،) وھچاٹاھبیئ15
) وھچیٹیچبربیےہ۔7
) ےبململقرخابںیہ۔16
) وھچیٹایچبںربیںیہ۔8
Translation
Vocab Pronunciation
Urdu
اہجتل
اہجتل
یقیقح
یقیقح
ignorance
f
real
adj
poverty
f
رغتب
رغتب
modesty
f
ایح
ایح
part
m
ہصح
ہصح
cleanliness
f
اپیک
اپیک
Exercise 9 Translate into Urdu 1) The cheap topi is dirty. 2) The cheap topis are dirty 3) The long turban is clean. 4) The long turbans are clean 5) The old book is difficult. 6) The old books are difficult.
30
7) The new book is easy. 8) The new books are easy 9) The small gifts are light. 10) The small gift is light 11) The big boy is pious. 12) The big boys are pious.
ADJECTIVES WITH POSSESSION Sometimes an adjective and its noun can make up part of the possessive phrase. Example
ںیہ
اعمل
ڑبے
ااتسد
کین
noun adjective noun adjective owned
Joining word
Predicate
ےک
زدی
Possession word Subject
Owner
Note: The last word of the subject will affect the joining word.
Exercise 10 Translate into English
) ااتسدیکوجانڑلیکتسسےہ۔7
) دخہجیےکڑبےڑلےککینںیہ۔4
) زدییکوھچیٹنہبتسسےہ۔1
) ااتسدیکوجانڑلایکںتسسںیہ۔8
) ااتسداکوجانڑلاکتسچےہ۔5
) زدییکوھچیٹںینہبتسسںیہ۔2
) انانیکوبڑیھامںزمکورےہ۔9
) ااتسدےکوجانڑلےکتسچںیہ6
) دخہجیاکڑباڑلاککینےہ۔3
Exercise 11 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words in brackets and then translate into English.
)ںیہ/(ےہ..... ) رغبیاطبلِملعیکامںکین7
(اگڑی)اصفںیہ۔..... ) اھبیئیک1
ےک)ملقدمعہںیہ۔/یک/(اک..... ) رشفیاعمل8
(اپتیئ)یبملںیہ۔..... ) اصفالکسیک2
ےک)رھگاصفںیہ۔/یک/(اک..... ) زمکوراھبیئ9
(اتسس)ےہ۔..... ) اریمآدیمیکداکن3
(اکلہ)ےہ۔.....ےک)رپایناچیب/یک/(اک..... ) ااتسداصبح11
(رویٹ)رگمںیہ۔..... ) تسچامںیک4
ےک)زبدلویبیدبرورتےہ۔/یک/(اک..... ) وجنکسآدیم11
(ڑھکیک)وخوصبرتںیہ۔..... ) رھگیک5
ےک)ویبیںیہ۔/یک/(اک..... ) آدیمیککینڑلیکیخسااتسداصبح12
(اگنہم)ےہ۔..... (این)اتکب..... ) کیناعملیک6
Exercise 12 Translate into Urdu. 1) the bad death of a kafir 2) the good death of a believer 3) the true love of the sahaba 4) The city’s new street is wide. 5) The city’s new streets are wide.
6) The strong brother’s big books are cheap. 7) The pious man’s beautiful turban is clean. 8) Rasulullah Q is the truthful prophet of Allah S. 9) The clean shop’s business-man is a pious man. 10) The good house’s clean water is expensive.
31
Exercise 13 Match the adjectives in column 1 with their opposites in column 2. Column 1 Column 2
رغبی
امیبر
زمکور
رشری
اصف
اریم
اھبری
ربا
گنت
وخوصبرت
ڑکوا
اطوتقر
رگم
وھچاٹ
تسس
ااھچ
اکلہ
ڑبا
وساھک
رپاان
اتسس
اگنہم
زبدل
اصف
الیم
رشفی
دبرورت
الیگ
یخس
این
اھٹیم
اہبدر
لکشم
ڈنھٹا
حیحص
اشکدہ
وجنکس
وجان
مک
وبڑاھ
دنترتس
تسچ
طلغ
دنگا
زایدہ
آاسن
POSSESSION AND ADJECTIVES: PERSIAN FORM In Urdu sometimes the Persian (Farsi) version of possession and adjectives are used. This is formed by switching the order around and adding a zer to the first word.
زبسدبنگ دبنگِرضخاء اقلتزرہ زرہِاقلت دخاےکروسل روسلدخا ِ
Green dome
Fatal poison
The prophet of Allah
Exercise 14 Translate into English
)1ذرکِدخا
)6روہضِادقس
)2اغ ِررحاء
)7روہضِاپک
)3دجسمِوبنی
)8درو ِداپک
)4دجسمِابقء
)9نسحِاالخق
)5دجسمِایصق
)11نسحِاعمرشت 32
)11نسحِاخہمت
رہاقلتےہ۔ )17ربیتبحصز ِ
)12ملعِدحثی
وبحمبدخاںیہ۔ )18دمحمﷺ ِ
)13ملعِرقآن
اانیمطنبلقےہ۔ )19ذرکِدخا ِ
)14ولع ِمرقآن
اابتعروسلﷺ املسمنیکاکایمیبےہ۔ ِ )21
)15وس ِءاخہمت
)21تبحصِاصحلدیفمےہاورتبحصِدباصقنندہےہ۔
)16راضمنامہِایصمےہ۔ Vocab Urdu
Pronunciation
زبس
زبس
رضخاء
رضخاء
adj
green
)adj (arb
green
ذرک
ذرک
m/f
remembrance
دخا
دخا
m
Allah
اغر
اغر
m
cave
روہض
روہض
m
garden
ادقس
ادقس
adj
most sacred
اپک
اپک
adj
pure
درود
درود
m
salutations
نسح
نسح
adj
good, beautiful
االخق
االخق
m/pl
character
f
social behaviour
اخہمت
اخہمت
m
ending
ملع
ملع
m
science/ knowledge
ولعم
ولعم
m/pl
sciences
وسء
وسء
adj
evil
امہ
امہ
m
month
ایصم
ایصم
m
fasting
تبحص
تبحص
f
company
اعمرشت اعمرشت
33
Translation
poison
m
زرہ
زرہ
fatal
m
اقلت
اقلت
beloved
m
وبحمب
وبحمب
peace, tranquillity
m
اانیمطن
اانیمطن
heart
m
بلق
بلق
following
f
اابتع
اابتع
success
f
اکایمیب
اکایمیب
pious
adj
اصحل
اصحل
beneficial
adj
دیفم
دیفم
bad
adj
دب
دب
harmful
adj
اصقنندہ
اصقنندہ
CHECKLIST & KEYWORDS Do you know…? o The difference between marked and unmarked adjectives? o The difference between an adjective and a predicate? o How the adjective is affected when its noun is followed by a possession word? o How the Persian possession and adjective is used?
34
Lesson 6 Past Tense To change a sentence into the past tense, the joining word must be changed. In the present tense there are only two joining words, one for singular and one for plural, whilst in the past tense there are four joining words, different words for masculine and feminine along with singular and plural. The joining words for the past tense are as follows. Past Tense
Present Tense
آدیمکیناھت
آدیمکینےہ
اھت
Singular
ہبلطکینےھت
ہبلطکینںیہ
ےھت
Plural/ Respect
ڑلیککینیھت
ڑلیککینےہ
یھت
Singular
ںیھت
Plural/ Respect
ڑلایکںکینںیھت ڑلایکںکینںیہ
Masculine
Feminine
Exercise 1 Change the following sentences into the past tense.
)1آدیمرغبیےہ← آدیمرغبیاھت
)11اتکرشریےہ۔
)19اھبیئےکااتسدکینںیہ۔
)2اپینزایدہےہ۔
)11رپاینرکیسرخابےہ۔
)21اعملاکملقدمعہےہ۔
)3وکہناصفےہ۔
)12ااتسدقفشمںیہ۔
)21ااتسدیکامںزمکورںیہ۔
)4ااتسدیکاتکںیبزایدہںیہ۔
)13اھبیئیکاگڑایںاصفںیہ۔
)22الکسےکااتسدقفشمںیہ۔
)5اتکبیکتمیقزایدہےہ۔
)14زدییکڑھگیدمعہےہ۔
)23زنیماکاپیناصفےہ۔
)6کینامںیکروایٹںرگمںیہ۔
)15اپتیئاصفےہ۔
)24آدیم یکدوتلزایدہےہ۔
)7ااتسدیکیئنرکیسدمعہےہ۔
)16اترجےکملقزمکورںیہ۔
)25وادل،ااتسدےکدوتسںیہ۔
)8آدیماکڑبارھگاصفےہ۔
)17اطبلِملعیکڑھگایںرخابںیہ۔
)26تمیقزایدہےہ۔
)9اعملےکاھبیئکینںیہ۔
)18اھبیئیکاگڑایںاصفںیہ۔
)27ڑسکاصفےہ۔ Exercise 2 Translate into English
)1رضحترمعریضاہللہنعافروقےھت۔ )2اوبلہجروسلاہللﷺ اکدنمشاھت۔ 35