HOUSE OF BUILDING
GROPIUS’ FIRST PROCLAMATION OF THE BAUHAUS
1919 -1933
.The complete building is the final aim of the visual arts .Art is not a "profession." .There is no essential difference between the artist and the craftsman. .There in lies a source of creative imagination. Let us create a new guild of craftsmen, without the class distinctions. .let us conceive and create the new building of the future.
• Mass production over individual craftsmanship.
PRINCIPLES
• Synthesis of fine & applied arts. • New & modern sense of beauty through rational design. • A forward-thinking over an academically qualified faculty, including purely creative artists as spiritual counterpoints to the practical technicians. • Thorough experience with materials. • Student offered no refuge in the past, should be equipped for modern world in various aspects: artistic, technical, social, economic, spiritual. He must function
in society not as a decorator but as a vital participant.
FIRST YEAR: PRELIMINARY COURSE
Johannes
Itten
THREE TASKS OF FIRST YEAR COURSE: 1 Free unique creativity of student. 2 Make choice of career easier. 3 Convey design fundamentals.
COURSE METHODOLOGY: 1 Experiments with actual
materials. 2 Analyses of old masters. 3 Color and form theory.
Johannes
Itten
FIRST YEAR: PRELIMINARY COURSE
Horizontal/Vertikal, 1915
Vogelthema, 1918
Josef
PRELIMINARY COURSE 1922-33
Albers
“Discover” specific qualities of materials. Produce no waste.
Month 1: GLASS. Month 2: PAPER Month 3: TWO MATERIAL COMBINATION. Month 4: STUDENT
CHOICE.
Grid Mounted, glass assemblage 1922
Josef
Albers
1888-1976
Bundled, 1925
Homage to a Square, 1971
PRELIMINARY COURSE 1923-1928
László
Moholy-Nagy
1: Combine elements to corresponded to preconceived idea. Response manifested on “tactile charts.” 2: Distinguish composition (balance between parts) from construction. 3: 3D studies to sharpen sense of volume: simple elements and materials used to construct Grid Mounted, glass assemblage objects in both visual and real balance.1922
L谩szl贸
Moholy-Nagy 1895-1946 Eifersucht (Jealousy), 1927
AXL II, 1924
Leuk 5, 1946 Dual Form with Chromium Rods, 1946
MASTERS
From left: Josef Albers, Hinnerk Scheper, Georg Muche, Laszlo MoholyNagy, Herbert Bayer, Joost Schmidt, Walter Gropius, Marcel Breuer, Vassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, Gunta Stozl and Oskar Schlemmer.
textile design&
w/ Marcel Breuer African Chair, 1921
weaving
• woman-run • weaving technique coupled well with Bauhaus aesthetic • contrasting material, thick / thin, glossy / matte
Gunta Stölzl
Kitty Fischer-van der Mijll-Dekker woollen blanket design, gouache 1932
FINE ART MASTERS: Lyonel Feininger Kathedrale Woodcut, 1919
18711956 Street in Arceuil 1915
Gables I, Lueneberg, 1925
graphic design&
typography HERBERT BAYER
Kiosk for exhibition stand 1924 Joost Schmidt Weimar Bauhaus Poster 1923
• ALL CAPS or all lower case
Universal Type 1926
• sans serif • grid structures & geometric forms • bold & primary colors
Bauhaus Journal Cover 1928
FINE ART MASTERS: Vassily Kandinski
1866-1944
Impression III 1911
Untitled 1922
Swinging 1925
metalwork
& photography
Marianne Brandt
Self portrait with jewelry for metal party 1929
Marianne
cont.
Weimar Metal Workshop, 1923 Bildergalerie Teapot, 1930
Bildergalerie Ruppel-Trio desk set, 1930
Ashtrays‌
Lidded Bowl, 1930
Touch desk lamp 1930
FINE ART MASTERS: Paul Klee Highway and Byways 1929
18791940 Senecio 1922
Zitronin 1932
AFTERMATH The Bauhaus dissolved itself under Nazi pressure in 1933.
Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, and other Bauhaus masters migrated to the United States. 1932 MOMA had an exhibition of contemporary architecture. The accompanying Hitchcock and Johnson catalogue was entitled
The International Architecture Since 1922.
Style:
“International Style� now used to refer to American incarnation of Bauhaus architecture.
the BAUHAUS 1919-1925: WEIMAR 1926-1932: DESSAU 1932-1933: BERLIN school PRINCIPLES
• unity of fine and applied arts • preliminary immersion in design & craftsmanship • subsequent focus in master-led workshops • embrace potential of industrial mass production
• Founded by Walter Gropius. • Became “International Style” in U.S.
MART STAM first cantalievered chair, prototype from steel tubes Wilhelm Wagenfeld Bauhaus Lamp
GUNTA STÖLZL weaving
László Maholy-Nagy preliminary course painter, photographer, graphic design PAUL KLEE painter
HERBERT BAYER graphic design, typography
Marianne Brandt photographer, metalwork
Vassily Kandinsky, painter abstract expressionist
JOHANNES ITTEN preliminary course painter
JOSEF ALBERS preliminary course painter