A HOLISTIC HISTORY by BUSarchitektur
7 ROLES ON CAMPUS WU: COMPREHENSIVE MASTER PLANNER, GENERAL PLANNER, TEACHING CENTER ARCHITECT, OPEN SPACE DESIGNER, PARKING PLANNER, DOCUMENTALISTS AND COMMUNICATORS
BUSarchitektur & BOA office for advanced randomness BUSarchitektur was founded in 1986 in Buenos Aires by Claudio J. Blazica (1956-2002) and Laura P. Spinadel. In Vienna, the architectural firm has been run jointly with Jean Pierre Bolívar and Bernd Pflüger since 2003. The firm’s Master Plan for the Mataderos district of Buenos Aires won the 1988 Outstanding Artist Award for Experimental Trends in Architecture. Work that began as research for the Compact City project in Vienna won the Otto Wagner Urban Architecture Award. BUSarchitektur has developed master plans for STAR 22 - A Center for Everyone, for the densification of the Oberlaa Neu spa park, for Forum Schönbrunn in Vienna, as well as for the Hoffmann takes a walk in Purkersdorf and for the University of Medicine campus in Graz. BOA office for advanced randomness was established as a collaboration between Laura P. Spinadel and Hubert Marz in order to encourage alternative approaches to the communication and discussion of spaces and urbanities. In 2008 BUSarchitektur won the Master Plan and General Planning Competition for Campus WU. In addition to designing and planning the Teaching Center, BUSarchitektur also undertook the open space and parking area projects, while BOA produced all the documentation and communication materials.
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a book by BOA ofямБce for advanced randomness
TO THE ECONOMISTS OF THE WORLD
A HOLISTIC HISTORY by BUSarchitektur
050
020
132
GENERAL PHOTOS
152
LUCAS KULNIG
BETWEEN SPACES: CONFIGURATIONS 170
LOUNGE RELAX EXPO PLAZAS STAGE PATIO FORUM MICROSYSTEMS OUT
LAURA P. SPINADEL
LANDSCAPE AS PRECURSOR 142
112
SNAPSHOTS
MANUEL MARTÍNEZ
MAKING VISIBLE 104
ERNST NÖBL
ENERGY 098
SANTIAGO SÁNCHEZ
FLOWS 092
LAURA P. SPINADEL
RANDOMNESS, PLAYING FROM THE INSIDE 084
INTEGRAL MASTER PLAN
MACROSYSTEMS
MASTER PLAN THEMES
LAURA P. SPINADEL
A SPECIAL PLACE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 014
LAURA P. SPINADEL
CAMPUS WU IN VIENNA: A HOLISTIC HISTORY 006
URBAN SETTINGS ACTIONISM
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN LOCATION
MASTER PLAN MICROWORLDS
GENEALOGICAL WALL POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
GENERAL VIEW
AERIAL PHOTO
MASTER PLAN GRAVITATIONAL SYNERGIES
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
NIGHT PHOTOS ACTIONISM
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN GENERAL PLAN
LANDSCAPE MICROWORLDS
ACTIONISM
ZAIDA MUXÍ
180 THE UNIVERSITY SPACE AS A SPACE FOR SOCIETY
166
150
ACTIONISM
FERNANDO DIEZ
118 CAMPUS WU: FROM UTOPIA TO REALITY
108
102
096
090
ACTIONISM
ILA BERMAN / MONA EL KHAFIF
058 MODEL PHOTO 060 MULTI-SCALAR NEGOTIATIONS: MASTER PLAN AS MEDIATOR
046
042
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
198
228
260
MICROSYSTEMS IN MODEL PHOTOS & DRAWINGS
284
328
374 TEAM AND THIS IS HOW IT ALL BEGAN...
364 PHOTOS
JEAN PIERRE BOLÍVAR
TRAVEL DIARY 356
BUILDING ELEMENTS
BERND PFLÜGER
EVACUATION 310
FLORIAN PFEIFER
ENVELOPE 298
ARNO REITER
LISTENING 292
SPATIAL SIMULATIONS - CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS
JUAN SEBASTIÁN GÓMEZ
WHAT IS LOCATIONAL COMMUNICATION? 278
252
SPATIAL CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS
LAURA SPINADEL - JEAN PIERRE BOLÍVAR - BERND PFLÜGER
TEACHING CENTER, DEPARTMENTS & FOOD COURT 246
LOUNGE RELAX EXPO PHOTOS STAGE PATIO FORUM LIGHTWELLS
BARBARA KAVC
PARALLEL WORLDS 222
STEFAN SCHMIDT & HANNES BATIK
VEGETATION 212
ALEXANDER FURTMÜLLER
FAMILIES 206
SPATIAL CONCEPTUAL DRAWINGS
MICHAELA RENTSCH
INTERACTIVE CONFIGURATORS 192
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
ACTIONISM
HAPTIC SNAPSHOTS
AERIAL PHOTO
LIGHT DAY / NIGHT
308
326
ACTIONISM
ACTIONISM SKETCH
ISABELLA MARBOE
314 PHOTO 316 EDUCATING THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY
PHOTOS
RENDER
302
296
ACTIONISM
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
ACTIONISM
JOSEP MARÍA MONTANER
268 HOLISTIC ARCHITECTURE ON CAMPUS
216
210
ACTIONISM
POSTCARD ROXANE LEGENSTEIN
ARCHITECTURE MICROWORLDS
CAMPUS WU IN VIENNA: A HOLISTIC HISTORY
To create architecture today is a nomic game. The rules of the game are paradoxical, players are continually changing their minds and every operational process ends up being self-referential 1. The basic democratic rights pertaining to the built environment are: the right to natural light, the right to YLVXDO SHUFHSWLRQ DQG WKH ULJKW WR ZDWHU 7KHUHIRUH WKH MRE RI DQ DUFKLWHFW QRZDGD\V LV WR ÛQG D QHZ balance between ecology and urban planning. Our aim as thinkers and operators should be to once again play an active role in environmental quality optimization by acknowledging the complexity of this process and searching for sustainable changes. BUSarchitektur has been working on issues affecting our contemporary society since it was founded LQ %2$ RIÛFH IRU DGYDQFHG UDQGRPQHVV KDV EHHQ GHYHORSLQJ FXOWXUDO LQWHUDFWLRQV VLQFH LWV establishment in 2003. Through their proposals both companies develop realistic utopias that help us WR YDOXH DQG UHGHÛQH RXU LQKHULWHG OHJDF\ LQ D FRQVFLHQWLRXV DQG FRPPLWWHG ZD\ The new Campus WU project was launched in 2005 within the academic setting of the Vienna University of Economics and Business. The project culminated in 2013 with the handing over of WKH ÛQLVKHG XQLYHUVLW\ FRPSOH[ ZLWKLQ LWV EXGJHWDU\ IUDPHZRUN RI (85 PLOOLRQ ,W LV WKH ODUJHVW University of Economics in the European Union with a population of 25,000 students, teachers and administrative staff and is moving into a neighbourhood with approximately 100,000 inhabitants.
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7KLV LV ZKHUH IXWXUH JHQHUDWLRQV RI KRSHIXOO\ FRPSHWHQW HFRQRPLVWV ZLOO EH WUDLQHG ,W LV D VWUDWHJLF example of a star system, employed by the user, which seeks to obtain the necessary funding by DZDUGLQJ WKH SURMHFWV WR =DKD +DGLG $UFKLWHFWV +DPEXUJ t &5$%VWXGLR /RQGRQ t &DUPH 3LQĂŽV %DUFHORQD t 12 PDG 0DGULG t +LWRVKL $EH 6HQGDL DV ZHOO DV WR WKH 0DVWHU 3ODQ ZLQQHU 9LHQQDpV BUSarchitektur. 7KH GHPRFUDWLF RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI XVHUV WKH SRZHU VWUXFWXUHV RI WKH VWDWH OHDGLQJ DJHQFLHVp LQVSHFWLRQV PRQLWRULQJ FRVWV DQG EXGJHWV EUDQGLQJ LQĂœLFWHG RQ DUFKLWHFWXUH PXOWLSOH UHJXODWLRQV FRQWUDFW DZDUG mechanisms, the historical burden of a privileged place, the social tensions associated with one of the established centers of prostitution, the dissatisfaction of the student population, etc. – these are some of the factors causing stakeholder interests to be in permanent unstable equilibrium. $V D UHVXOW WKH 0DVWHU 3ODQ DXWKRUVp FRQVWDQW VHDUFK IRU D KROLVWLF HTXLOLEULXP FRQWLQXHG WKURXJKRXW the entire project process and into the execution, with an unstable balance of power between users, residents, developers, politicians, experts and author design implementers. We will present WKH DUFKLWHFWpV UROHV LQ WKUHH PLFUR ZRUOGV ZKLFK VHHN WR SXW IRUZDUG WKH LGHD WKDW D VXVWDLQDEOH balance between the Four Quadrants 2 is not a pre-existing element of our work as architects and urban planners.
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8OWLPDWHO\ VWULNLQJ WKH EDODQFH EHWZHHQ SHUVRQDO DFKLHYHPHQW REMHFWLÛDEOH WHFKQRORJ\ FXOWXUDO interaction and social urges, means recognizing the importance of permanently changing our point of view and encourages us to take other factors into consideration. Every single detail should IRUFH XV WR UHFRJQL]H WKH PDQ\ GLIIHUHQW ZD\V LQ ZKLFK D JLYHQ LQWHUYHQWLRQpV PLFUR DFWLRQ FDQ be interpreted and to proceed accordingly. However, our open-minded approach to searching for added-value, which must necessarily incorporate our actions, often leads us to adopt casual strategies for managing projects. The imbalance between the four quadrants is the starting state that compels us to set off interrelated chain reactions in an attempt to awaken the potential for coOpetition 3. This potential is present both in the direct actors and in the domino effect that will occur once we take control of the reality in which we act. CoOpeting public and private actors that acknowledge the simultaneous presence of both cooperation and competition when talking about Laura P. Spinadel Director of the Master Plan and the Executive Project for the
quality of life and capital repayment. Competing cooperatively in order to successfully invent and develop alternative design mechanisms to those of globalization. ,QWHOOHFWXDO FXULRVLW\ DV D MRXUQH\ WR GLVFRYHU QRW VR REYLRXV JDPH WKHRU\ DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ DUFKLWHFWXUH
New Campus WU in Vienna
– this is our way to play an active role in our daily productive output. The game played is a game of
BUSarchitektur &
society since it leads to the socialization of the individual in a virtual community and, as a consequence,
BOA office for advanced randomness,
to the development of a real community. The only way the Campus to have a future is if we activate the
Vienna – 2013
urban potential of the educational habitat.
1
Peter Suber 1990 The Paradox of Self-Amendment: A Study of Logic, Law, Omnipotence, and Change ISBN-13: 978-0820412122
2
Ken Wilber 2000 A Theory of Everything. An Integral Vision for Business, Politics, Science and Spirituality ISBN 3-924195-79-X Adam Brandenburger, Barry Nalebuff 1996 Co-Opetition : A Revolution Mindset That Combines Competition and Cooperation ISBN 0-385-47950-6
3
8
ISBN-10: 0820412120
9
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IS AR
THEMATIC MODULES FOR INTEGRAL PLANNING • ENERGY FOLLOWS ENERGY ? • BETWEEN EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVE 24/7 RHYTHM • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AN INTELLIGENT A NEW VALUES SYSTEM • PASSIVE OR ACTIVE ? • LIVING WITH CAMPUS WU • ECOSYSTEMS BETWEEN URBAN SPACE AND NAT WITH NATURE • FIVE ELEMENTS IN HARMONY: WOOD, FIRE, RESOURCES • MOBILITY AND ENVIRONMENT • SELF-ORGA HUMAN BEINGS, CONSUMER GOODS AND CULTURAL LANDSC FLOWS • SECURITY AND GENDER MAIN-STREAMING • FREED RESOURCES • UNIVERSITY BETWEEN GLOBALIZATION AND ED SUSTAINABILITY • ART AND ECONOMY • SOCIAL ART ON THE • ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIES, ALTERNATIVE SOCIETIES •
RCHITECTURE SHAPING SOCIETY ?
EFFICIENCY OF THE NEW CAMPUS WU IN VIENNA • FORM ENESS • QUALITY OF LIFE AND INDIVIDUAL COMFORT IN THE ARCHITECTURE • RENEWABLE ENERGIES AS A BASIS FOR A H NATURE • EMERGENCE OF A MICRO CLIMATE FOR THE NEW TURAL SPACE • RECYCLING RESOURCES ? • METAMORPHOSIS EARTH, METAL, WATER • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REUSING ANIZED SYSTEM ? • SPACE AND RESOURCE OPTIMISATION • CAPE RESIDUES • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CROSS-LINKED DOM WITHOUT CONTROL ? • SOCIETY, CITY, TECHNOLOGY AND DUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SOCIAL E CAMPUS ? • THESES FOR PROMOTING SELF-ORGANIZATION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY •••
INTEGRAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT
ECOLOGICAL URBANISM AS A BASE The environmental matrix is a tool inspired by interrelated circuit systems, meant to display and harmonize its own balance. Our aim as thinkers and operators should be to once again play an active role in environmental quality optimization by acknowledging the complexity of this process and searching for sustainable changes.
CAMPUS WU A SPECIAL PLACE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH With its present roster of some 23,000 students, the Vienna University of Economics and Business is practically bursting at the seams, which does not make it easy to study, work or carry out research. That will change in 2013. There will be space for every student, every professor and every single faculty member. There will be space for communicating, for discussing, for exchanging ideas, for studying, for teaching, for researching, for discovering and relaxing. The new 91,000m2 location in-between the Vienna Fair and Prater Park provides more space plus the opportunity to set up a campus with multiple buildings. It is easily reachable via public transport and has direct access to the recreational area of the Prater Park. A great place is starting life in superb surroundings. The organizational concept of the Vienna University of Economics and Business places its focus on the departments. Each of these departments is to be characterised by a main entrance area capable of providing personal assistance. While there need to be contact zones for conferences and discussions, there should also be opportunities for retreating, especially for academic staff. An ideal research setting comes into being. The Library and Learning Center (LC) is to interlink referencing and reading facilities, thus facilitating all aspects of studying in all its functions. A university without books, without a traditional library, is inconceivable; at the same time a university without the latest technology cannot be state-ofthe-art. Both of these meet and complement one another ideally in the LC, which stays open
14
for students and employees 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Optimum working conditions are formed.Universities need lecture halls, not large ones, but rather small and medium-sized ones that make it possible to cultivate a good communication style. Break-out zones are also essential to enable small groups to work separately before rejoining the main gathering. An ideal place for studying is created. The Aula represents the center of communication that stimulates student life. The university, however, must also connect with its surroundings and with society. It is a social space where people meet, communicate, study, work and even relax. Attractions on site and outside routine university operations guarantee urban life on campus, thereby enabling an artistic and intellectual center to evolve for political debate and cultural events – and at a reasonable price. A new interactivity space is forged. Campus WU is a special place for research and education with a unique atmosphere. This H[FHSWLRQDOLW\ PXVW EH UHĂœHFWHG LQ WKH FRXQWHQDQFH RI LWV DUFKLWHFWXUH 7KH XQLYHUVLW\ FRPSOH[ seeks to become a landmark, radiating beyond the city limits. Its architecture should be conceived as a subject of collective fascination. The new Campus further aims to suggest an alternative economic and ecological paradigm, while at the same time treating the subjects of gender mainstreaming and universal access with the utmost care.
15
MASTER PLAN GOALS FOR CAMPUS WU URBAN DEVELOPMENT ASPECTS
CAMPUS WU IS AN ENTITY The Campus WU site lies hidden away between the Prater Park and the Vienna Fair, embedded LQ D FLW\ VWUXFWXUH ZLWK VXIĂ›FLHQW RSHQ VSDFH WR GHYHORS DQ XUEDQ FDPSXV FRQFHSW 1RW RQO\ VKDOO the new WU function just like any other modern university, it will also shape the opportunities for an active educational landscape. The Campus shall be an internally coherent oasis with pavilions in the university ‘Garden’ and with its edges featuring green open spaces. The interior life of this very special place must be explored and discovered. Contact points with the city form part of this university park concept: one of the entrances to the academic complex is via a sculpture garden near the Vienna Fair plaza; an entrance with terraced wooden platforms is located on TrabrennstraĂ&#x;e; another features D WRSRJUDSK\ FRPSULVLQJ D ĂœLJKW RI FRQFUHWH VWHSV YLVLEOH IURP 3UDWHU 3DUN THE FLOWING SPACE ALLOWS YOU TO BREATHE The Campus is designed as a “Walk along Parkâ€? with different stations and interconnected squares IURP ZKLFK WKH VSHFLĂ›F DUHDV DUH DFFHVVLEOH WKURXJK JUHHQ DOOH\V 3URJUHVVLQJ DORQJ WKLV VHTXHQFH of plazas, each educational path becomes a journey of adventure. One path takes you from the topographic modelled landscape near the Executive Academy between the individual departments to the Administration building and specialised libraries. Another progresses from the wooden folded terraces between the Teaching Center and the Students Center, past the departments and the Food Court to the plaza in front of the Library and Learning Center. ‌.and in between you can always catch a glimpse of the Vienna Prater. MASTER PLAN RULEBOOK FOR THE ENTIRE AREA During the modern era, the campus concept, which dates back to the Greek Agora and the tradition of the campus university, has developed into a complex urban entity. The campus system is composed of the following principles: balanced proportions, and equilibrium between separated buildings.
16
The character and diversity of each autonomous Campus piece accentuate their individual identities. The open space in between these parts is organised by platforms, parks, ponds and walkways. The Campus layout is open and integrates nature. The individual buildings are connected through proximity and proportions. 7KH FRPSRVLWLRQ RI WKHVH VSDFHV DQG UHODWLRQVKLSV LV GHÛQHG LQ WKH 3ORW 5XOHERRN %RWK WKH EDODQFHG GLVWULEXWLRQ RI FXEDWXUH DFURVV WKH ÛYH SORWV DQG WKH HTXDO DOORFDWLRQ RI PRYHPHQW ÜRZV DUH D EDVLF principle of the Campus. Within this educational landscape the different architects do not compete but complement each other. 7KH VSHFLDO IXQFWLRQV DUH H[WHUQDO WR WKH V\VWHP DQG GHÛQH WKH FKDUDFWHU RI HDFK EXLOGLQJ DQG LWV corresponding plazas. 7KH GHSDUWPHQWV DUH YDULDWLRQV LQ WKH V\VWHP DQG FRQÛQH WKH RSHQ VSDFH LQ D ORQJLWXGLQDO GLUHFWLRQ The walkways are free and multi-optional at every point on the Campus. The meandering structure proposed in the Master Plan invites pedestrians to stroll through and discover the Campus. 7KH 0DVWHU 3ODQ FDQ EH WKRXJKW RI DV GHÛQLQJ DQ HGXFDWLRQDO JDOOHU\ LQ ZKLFK WKH RSHQ VSDFHV SOD\ the role of connecting the images. This strong context welcomes different types of architecture, a variety plaza designs as well as artistic endeavour, providing them all with a stage on which to shine. The result might eventually resemble the concept presented by Siegfried Giedion and Le Corbusier at CIAM 6 – that a campus is a space for the synthesis of the arts. The Master Plan is based on the expectation that the input of different architects will support the Campus WU model and will help realise sustainable solutions. In addition to examining the buildings’ physical and spatial aspects, other factors must also be harmonised, such as the function
Laura P. Spinadel
of their social spaces and their contributions to the creation of an overall Campus identity.
BUSarchitektur & BOA office for advanced randomness
The different approaches of six architectural teams, as well as the various artistic design elements
in cooperation with specialists
in the different plazas, should together create sustained added value for all parties involved
for the comprehensive Master Plan,
in this process.
Vienna – 2008
17
Art of Roxane Legenstein
What are economies? What’s down here?
Where do we stand and on what ground? How did we get here? Some of us made it to the moon and, currently, robots are sent to Mars but we don’t know what is under our own earthly feet. What is under the deep sea? We know so little yet have experts for everything. We call those who drill oil, oil producers even though they don’t produce oil. Mankind had nothing to do with the production of oil. The price tag on natural resources is totally artificial and cannot be questioned enough. We have to put up with the fact that we are dependent upon the environment and not vice versa. Nature doesn’t need us.
LIGHT & SAFETY
Potentialities for Freedom in the Educational Field
INTERNAL Safety Zone Highly Restrictive
5
Technical Rooms: - Data Center - Security Engineering
Safety Zone Restrictive
4
- Administrator Office Areas - LAN-Rooms - IT Infrastructure (UPS, Emergency Power Aggregate) - Building Services (Heating, Climate, Ventilation, Sanitation) - Archive
Data Center
Safety Zone
3 Vienna Fair
Internal - Event Areas - Office Areas - Stock Rooms - Meeting Rooms - Building Services Shafts
U Office Areas Relax
PUBLIC Safety Zone Semi Public
LAN-Rooms
2
Generally usable areas within the Campus: - Food Court - Underground Parking - Third Party Areas
Safety Zone On Campus
Meeting Rooms Administrator Office Area Archive Engineering of security
1
Public area within the Campus - Outdoor Facilities - Sidewalks - Event Areas - Relax Zones
Outdoor Facilities
Sidewalks
Safety Zone
0
Surrounding Outside Campus WU - Ernst Happel Stadium - Krieau Racing Track - Würstelprater - Red-Light Areas - Vienna Fair Light fitting Type 2 2/35W/830 HC I-T;Lph~4,5m
Light fitting Type 1 2/35W/830 HC I-T;Lph~5,5m
In-floor projectors 1/35W/830 HIT
Light fitting Type 2 2/35W/830 HC I-T;Lph~4,5m
In-floor projectors 1/35W/830 HIT
In-floor projectors 1/35W/830 HIT
PHILOSOPHY OF RISK MANAGEMENT One of the principles of safety planning is to inhibit prospective risks by means of preventive and anticipatory planning strategies. This ensures the Campus WU to remain sustainably activated.
Ernst Happel Stadium Krieau Racing Track
CRITERIA FOR ILLUMINATION • Comfort and cosiness / sense of security (avoidance of “dark corners,” pleasing colour temperature) • Ensuring a sense of (quick and easy) orientation by incorporating the technique of field recognition • Amenity values (zones for communication, Plazas)
IT Infrastructure Event Areas Third Party Areas Stock Rooms Food Court 3,500K
Table tennis / 24h/7days Safety Zone 1 / Conflict: Prater Park (Safety Zone 0)
Safety zone 1
Red-Light Area
nderground Parking
Zones
Event Areas
Shaft
4,000K
Conflict: Vienna Fair (SZ 0) / Open space: layout of paths that allow for fast passage (walk, bike, skateboard), stay and linger / Security: mix of functions and uses, facilities, psychological barriers / Light: illumination of paths and effect lighting (LED for maximizing LUX amount)
Fitness, Basketball / 24h/7days Safety zone 1
Building Services
3,000K
Conflict: Prater Park (SZ-0) / Open space: mix of amenities: signage, furniture, bicycle facilities / Security: psychological barriers (topography, greenery), video surveillance / Light: illumination of spatial components (furniture, vegetation), visual dynamics (colour, intensity, orientation)
Plaza 4, Stage / 24h/7days Safety zone 1
2,500K
Conflict: road space (RZ-0) / Open space: layout of paths that allow for fast passage, stay and linger / Security: mix of functions & uses, video surveillance / Light: effect lighting, illumination of lawns and paths / Orientation: signage, visible emergency call box
Lawn for sunbathing / 7am to 6pm
Prater Safety zone 1
CRITERIA FOR VISUAL COMFORT In-floor projectors 1/35W/830 HIT
Light fitting Type 1 2/35W/830 HC I-T;Lph~5,5m
In-floor projectors 1/35W/830 HIT
Lighting of spatial components (objects, vegetation) Colour temperature generally 3,000K (warm white)
4,500K
Open Space, furniture / 24h/7days
Conflict: on Campus (SZ-1) / Open space: mix of amenities: signage, info posts, furniture / Security: mix of facilities, video surveillance / Light: illuminating spatial components (furniture, trees), visual dynamics (colour intensity, orientation) Orientation: signage, effect lighting, vegetation
ENERGY & LIFE CYCLE
Self-sustainability within the Existing Ecosystem
RAIN WATER CYCLE / YEAR 55,000 m3 precipitation
Food
Sewer
Sub-Center of the respective plots
7,000 m3 irrigation
14,000 m3 processed water
Centralized water supply
Extraction supply
34,000 m3 return ow - ground water
Tapping point
HOT WATER SUPPLY The emphasis is on reducing energy loss by decentralizing supply (based on a demand of 100 units / year) HOT WATER SUPPLY use of solar energy for bulk consumers
DE-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY 125%
CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY 350%
Bulk Consumer (Food Court, Gym, Beer garden / Brewery ~70% of total demand) / Energy Loss 25% 95%
1 Long-distance Heating / 39% 2 Solar / 57% 3 Electricity / 4%
Individual Consumption 30% (e.g. Departments, with ~30% of total demand) / Energy Loss 0%
30%
350% 1 Long-distance Heating / 35% 2 Solar / 51% 3 Electricity / 14%
1 Long-distance Heating / 0% 2 Solar / 0% 3 Electricity / 100%
HEATING / COOLING SYSTEM Court
An optimum use of energy resources can be derived from the groundwater, which is found under the site. This is achieved by utilizing the heat storage capacity of the entire mass of the building site. The difference in thermal energy between heating and cooling demand is stored in the ground and flows back to the tapping point with a 6-month frequency shift, resulting in a substantial improvement in energy efficiency.
Gym Beer Garden / Brewery
During the heating season, waste heat from the data center and groundwater will be primarily utilized for supplying energy for the low-temperature heating. Only peak loads ( ~20% / year) are covered by long-distance heating. During the summer months, dissipation of operational waste heat and cooling of the buildings happen almost exclusively with groundwater. Due to the required temperature level, only the dehumidification of the ventilation systems and the redundancy of the heat dissipation are assured by compression refrigeration.
Return supply
Return ow within 1/2 year
Cooling system SUMMER OPERATION
Heating system WINTER OPERATION
4:03pm / beer garden / brewery
>> Tobias, please! We really have to go home. We will come back tomorrow <<
>> Why don’t we apply to both faculties? Do you agree Franz?... <<
6:47am / green periphery >> That’s good, water fountains all over the place... how refreshing! <<
5:01pm / stage plaza
2:28pm / kindergarten
>> Look! - We can have ravioli with pesto and a chocolate cake <<
At All times of the Year
>> There is a concert starting at 8pm today. The group is from Sao Paulo <<
8:22pm / table tennis
11:15am / food court
SPACES FOR APPROPRIATION
>> Shh Lisa, look at him. Do you know if he has a girlfriend? <<
SPRING
SUMMER
In spring when the flowers begin to bloom, they clearly highlight the rhythm of the vegetation as a guidance system. In regard to the rain water cycle, fertilization meets ecological requirements not to contaminate the groundwater.
During semester break other user groups populate the area, taking advantage of all water. Additionally to the water posts, two water basins regulate the micro climate of the Campus.
2:38am / public living room
>> I´m still here at the lounge, are you coming? We can go to the bar <<
6:53am / passage 8:15am / parking garage access
>> Good morning Professor Kiesbaur-Beelitz. Do you want a chocolate? <<
>> It’s a pleasure meeting you! Will you join our group for BM? <<
10:42am / eastern access
10:27pm / bike facility 12:10pm / lounge plaza
>> I’ll be in Madrid for one semester. I might take flamenco classes <<
>> I’ll have to skip classes tomorrow, it’s already 3am! It was nice to see you! <<
>> So silent, compared to the bustle in the hall. I enjoy this very much <<
AUTUMN
WINTER
In autumn the dominant bright yellow of the Ginkgo trees, clearly marks the boundary of the Campus area. At this time of the year the character of the park clearly contrasts with the colours of its surroundings.
A special organic substrate (expanded clay) is used in order to reduce the possibility of repeated icing, thereby considerably decreasing the operating and follow up maintenance costs.
INTEGRAL MASTERPLAN
Open Space as Interlinking Protagonist CONNECTION TO VIENNA FAIR
EXECUTIVE ACADEMY
EA
LIBRARY & LEARNING CENTER
LC WESTERN ACCESS
D4
1
2
HOTEL (PROJECT)
D3 AD
3 4 RESEARCH INSTITUTES
SPECIAL LIBRARIES
PRATER
CONNECTION TO PRATER
NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTERISTICS Urban space / green space
Visual relations
Urban architecture
Green zone with walkways
Green zones in an urban environment
Park with trees
Urban campus
IDENTITY TRAITS Access to the Prater
Scene which is visible from each façade
The orientation of the façades requires a different façade structure
Seeing tree-tops
Close proximity to the Prater
Park with walkway
From a building or an elevated area
Through a building
Unobstructed view of green spaces
Sun protection required
Plaza with buildings on one side
No sun protection required
Direct view
Direct access
Passage to the Prater
PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRATER These refer to the visual relation with the Prater, from different perspectives and directions. Also each access to the Prater is shown individually.
Executive Academy Special Libraries Library and Learning Center
Master Plan recommendation The significance of the building as derived from its distant countenance and its close relation to the locale.
Teaching Center
Remote visual relation
External Service providers
Effect on the plaza
Buildings on both sides Urban environment
URBAN RELATIONS These describe the relation of the Campus buildings to each other and to the buildings in the urban space. Also the layout of the green areas is visualized internally and in relation to the city.
Functional significance
QUALITY OF WORK This describes the orientation of the façades and the related viewpoints and perspectives. It also takes into account their exposure to light, light quality and intensity as well as their effects.
In addition to accommodating t the development on each plot h creates its unique identity. Independent The special function does not extend beyond each plot
Cutting across the plots The special function is utilized by other plots
IMAGE CARRIERS
SPECIAL FUNCTION
These define the function, architecture and external countenance of the building as well as their impact on the plaza in front.
The special function indicat orientation cutting across the p independently of the others.
D1 TC
Building plot 8,200m² Variations of Competition Phase 1 based on Master Plan
Departments International Business
D1 TC
Special Functions Teaching Center Local supplies & services Food Court
ACCESS TO VIERTEL ZWEI QUARTER
22% Open Space
Building plot 7,650m² Variations of Competition Phase 1 based on Master Plan
LC Departments
LC-01
LC-02
LC-03
22% Open Space
15% Open Space
29% Open Space
LC-04
LC-05
21% Open Space
0% Open Space
Special Functions Library and Learning Center Local Supplies & Services Bookshop, Center for educational materials, Restaurant Copy Shop
VIENNA FAIR
Building plot 10,300m² Variations of Competition Phase 1 based on Master Plan
D2 SC ACCESS FOR TRUCKS AND CARS
EASTERN ACCESS
D1 TC
Local Supplies & Services Bookshop, Kindergarten, Mini-market
5
tes if there is a special plots, or whether it operates
D2 SC-01
D2 SC-02
D2 SC-03
40% Open Space
12% Open Space
39% Open Space
D2 SC-04
D2 SC-05
D2 SC-06
68% Open Space
18% Open Space
48% Open Space
Special Functions External Service Providers
TEACHING CENTER
the University departments, has a special function which
Departments Foreign Language Business Communication Information Systems & Process Management Marketing Strategic Management & Innovation
D3 AD
6
Building plot 9,650 m² Variations of Competition Phase 1 based on Master Plan
Departments Research departments Accounting Public Law and Tax Law Business, Employment and Social Security Law
D2 SC
47% Open Space
Departments Finance Social Sciences Statistics and Mathematics Economic Policy Special Functions Executive Academy 50
100m
37% Open Space D3 AD-05
44% Open Space
Building plot 6,900 m² Variations of Competition Phase 1 based on Master Plan
EA/D4
20
26% Open Space D3 AD-04
Local Supplies & Services Bakery
EXTERNAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
0
47% Open Space
Special Functions Administration
D3 AD-03
D3 AD-02
D3 AD-01
D4-01
D4-02
D4-03
66% Open Space
41% Open Space
44% Open Space
D4-05
D4-06
42% Open Space
24% Open Space
D4-04
Local Supplies & Services Café
55% Open Space
INTERFACE AREAS Spatial synergies
11
With public areas
Plaza 1: LOUNGE
Public transit routes
22
Plaza 2: RELAX
Passages
33
Plaza 3: EXPO
Access areas
44
Plaza 4: STAGE
55
Plaza 5: PATIO
66
Plaza 6: FORUM
With intermediate zones
TYPES OF PLAZAS The six public locales and the zones between the buildings and Campus sites are categorized and characterized. This is where selective interventions and artistic inputs are sketched.
Internal (University)
Public
Possibility of occupying open spaces in relation to the building
Seminars
Seminars
Café
Café
Study Area
Study Area
Auditorium
Auditorium
Special Libraries
Local Supply
Open Space Open space flowing into the building
Optional Space Open space flowing underneath the building
Local Supply
FLOWS OF PEOPLE The first sub-item of Interface Areas concerns flows of people on the ground floor. Which transit, access routes and passages are available and necessary?
USE OF GROUND FLOOR The exact arrangement of shops, lounges and seminar rooms.
OCCUPYING EXTERIOR AREAS The third item is about opening up interior areas to the exterior, about finding additional opportunities and options for the use of such open space and optional space (the latter being independent of the weather conditions)
Open space
CONFIGURATORS
Novel Tools for Negotiating & Evaluating Spatial Qualities
Set Up 1 “Master Plan Browser” / Configurations (projects 22+1) from pedestrian perspective. Assessment: Open Spaces - Entry Situations, Proportion - Skyline and Human Scale
June: 09:00am
June: 09:00am
June: 09:00am
June: 04:00pm
June: 04:00pm
June: 04:00pm
Set Up 2 “Configurator” / Configurations (projects 12+1). Assessment: Open Spaces – Sequential Spaces (Walk-through), Composition of Masses, Open Spaces – Shadow, Light Situation
Config. #1: 30% Open Space
Config. #2: 36% Open Space
Config. #3: 31% Open Space
Config. #4: 34% O
Open Space
MASTER PLAN BROWSER The MASTER PLAN allows you to immerse yourself into the wide scope of projects submitted for the MASTER PLAN competition. Entries are being presented in their original format. Feel free to choose in between different competition phases and a variety of architectural offices.
choose the competition phase
return to main page
choose the architectt
1 2 3 4 5
navigator pan zoom
To present and assess the outcome of the 1st round of architectural competition, an interactive 3D visualization interface – the “Master Plan Browser” – was developed. It allows to combine the competition entries for the 5 building plots and to visualize the architectural situations. Open space concept, entrance situations and in-between spaces are examinable from 4 different viewpoints.
concept & design:
CONFIGURATOR Especially designed for the jury of the Campus WU competition’s second round, the CONFIGURATOR allows to experience all possible combinations of competition entries. For each building plot there is a choice out of three building proposals that then can be seen and evaluated within the entire setup of the Campus. By the use of a 3D realtime engine an immersive environment is created to turn a possible future into something tangible and real.
Animation 1 Animation 2 Animation 3 Animation 4
Front
7
8
9
4
5
6
1
2
3
-
Shadow On / Off
+
Free Camera
Right
Back
Enter
Change in between ‘Walkthrough’ Mode / ‘Orbit’ Mode Reset Camera
0
>>
Faster / Slower Pan Left / Right
‘Walkthrough’ Mode
concept & design:
Zoom-Wheel Rotate
>>
Left
‘Orbit’ Mode
programming: realtime 3d GmbH
June: 09:00am
For the 2nd round of the competition a standalone application was developed. It incorporates the possibility to virtually walk through the campus at particular times of the day and to assess natural lighting situations from arbitrary angles.
SELECTED ARCHITECTS LC : Thom Mayne / Morphosis Architects - Zaha Hadid Architects - Massimiliano Fuksas Architetto - Prof. Hans Hollein - Univ. Prof. Arch. DI Klaus Kada D2 SC : Atelier Hitoshi Abe - Josep Llinás i Carmona, Architect - Greg Lynn FORM - Bevk Perovic Arhitekti D.O.O. - Giencke & Company - querkraft architekten ZT-GmbH EA / D4 : NO.MAD Arquitectos, S.L.P. – Eduardo Arroyo - Wiel Arets Architect and Associates - Holzbauer + Partner ZT-GmbH - Estudio Carme Pinós - AllesWirdGut ZT GmbH - Max Dudler Architekt
June: 04:00pm
Config. #5: 38% Open Space
D3 AD : Vazquez Consuegra Arquitectos - Eric Owen Moss Architects - CRABstudio - Wolfgang Tschapeller ZT GmbH - Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes
Config. #6: 39% Open Space
Config. #7: 35% Open Space
Config. #8: 33% Ope
SCENE OF ACTION
APPEARING
URBAN SOFAS
Eastern side between D4 & D3 AD
LAYERS INTERACTION SCREENING
EXPERIMENTING WATCHING EXCHANGING DISCOVERING EXPLORING LAYERS
EXPO
CONTEMPLATION
Western side between D4 & D3 AD
OBSERVATION
RELAX
Western access to the Campus
URBAN SOFA
LOUNGE
Sampling Educational Life to Emphasize Collaborative Knowledge
WATER BASIN
WALK ALONG PARK
RETHINKING EXCHANGING EXPLORING STUDYING DISCOVERING LISTENING
RELAXING
MIRROR IMAGES
MEETING AT THE PLAZA
VIEW FROM BALCONIES
REPRESENTATION PLATFORM
ACTION RELAXING
TAKING A BREAK LOOKING
Movement ямВow
Fork
Eastern access to the Campus
HAPPENING
INTERRUPTION TASTING
FORUM
MOVEMENT
BEING SEEN
Between D2 SC & D1 TC
THEATRE
LISTENING SPECTACLE
OPEN
PATIO
Central location in front of the LC
STAGE
SCENE SOUND
EXPLORING SOUND
SCENE SUPPORTING
BRIGHT DARK
Interface with open space
Access area
CONTEXTUAL SYNERGIES
Regional Significance and Community Building
Residential Area Viertel Zwei Complex
Messecaree North
Teaching Center
Gastronomy
Vienna Fair
Executive Academy
Fair Hotel
Vienna Fair SYNERGIES- INPUT VIENNA FAIR
SYNERGIES INPUT CAMPUS WU
Completion 2004 / 70,000m² in 4 Halls / Capacity 25,000 People / 20 Events per Year The Teaching Center’s location on Campus allows for possible synergies with the Vienna Fair. The Library & Learning Center, together with its event rooms, should be available for external visitors, such as exhibition and fair attendees. A permeable boundary between Campus and Vienna Fair allows for mutual exchange.
Fair Hotel SYNERGIES- INPUT VIENNA FAIR HOTEL
SYNERGIES- INPUT CAMPUS WU
Ground floor +8 Stories / 251 Rooms / 800m² lettable area / Restaurant capacity: 180 / Projected Planned use and users: In addition to the general tourists and visitors of the fair, target groups for future guests include attendees to the Executive Academy, external lecturers of the WU and audiences of the business domains.
Messecarree North SYNERGIES- INPUT MESSECARREE NORD
SYNERGIES- INPUT CAMPUS WU
Gross site area of building 15,400m² / Gross floor area above ground 50,000m² / Under Development The area plays a special role in the urban development plan. It links the Vienna Fair to the Campus WU and the adjacent (primarily) residential areas of the Second District. Planned use and users: offices, assisted living facilities, student hostel, hotel, kindergarten, community center, restaurants and cafés.
Residential Area SYNERGIES- INPUT CAMPUS WU
SYNERGIES- INPUT STADIUM
Viertel Zwe SYNERGIES- INPUT VIERTEL ZWEI
SY CA
The new functions of the WU site will make a positive contribution to life in the surrounding areas of Vienna’s Second District.
Size of Plot: ~40,000m² / Lett Expanse of water: ~5,000m² / - 4,000 / Projected
The Campus WU offers activities, such as work, study and rambling, plus cafés and restaurants.
The Viertel Zwei Complex is project with a 92,000 m2 usa individual buildings which jointl zone. The complex, inaugurate OMV headquarters, who has a with the WU.
Residents of the Vorgartenstrasse quarter will contribute significantly to the vigour of Campus life.
The Campus WU site lies hidden away between the Prater and the Vienna Fair, embedded in a city structure with sufficient open space to develop an urban campus concept. The new WU shall therefore not only function as any other modern university, but shape the options for an active educational landscape.
Stadium
UNIVERSITIES IN VIENNA Students: 48,836 Staff: 7,876 Total: 54,921
r
Vienna Univ. of Economics & Business Students: 21,828 Staff: 1,488 Total: 23,316
External Service Providers
ei
NERGIES- INPUT AMPUS WU
Source: Web page of the particular University (annual report 2008)
CAMPUS WU ACCESSIBILITY
Prater Park
U
BY UNDERGROUND
Praterstern Schwedenplatz Stephansplatz Karlsplatz
2 min 5 min 7 min 10 min
TRAM Rochusgasse (U3)
13 min
BY BICYCLE Jesuitenwiese Praterstern Stephansplatz Donauinsel
5 min 5 min 13 min 13 min
FOOT Vergnügungspark Hauptallee Riesenrad Jesuitenwiese Praterstern Stephansplatz
Source: Website of the City of Vienna, Fahrplanauskunft (Public Transport Schedule)
Prater Park SYNERGIES- INPUT PRATER
SYNERGIES- INPUT CAMPUS WU
Stadion Center & Ernst Happel Stadium SYNERGIES- INPUT STADIUM
LEGEND: REGIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
SYNERGIES- INPUT CAMPUS WU
Interior facilities with high relevance Interior facilities, subordinate relevance Function is not available Exterior function
able area: ~92,000m² / / Working places: 3,000
Open from mid-March through to the end of October, the Wurstelprater attracts 4.2 million visitors annually.
an urban development able area. It consists of ly embrace a pedestrian ed in 2008, houses the cooperation agreement
It is the world’s oldest amusement park, offering some 250 attractions; ranging from nostalgic merrygo-rounds to modern roller-coasters, and cafés, restaurants, buffets and food stalls. The Prater Park provides vast meadows, quiet paths and shade trees. Its main artery is the Prater Hauptallee, a 4.5 km avenue used by cyclists and joggers.
Stadium: capacity 50,000 persons / 3,000 Parking spaces / Neighbourhood shopping facility for 13,000 people / Retail area: 21,000m² / Catering: 2,000m² / Children’s play area: 300m² / 70 Shops / Opened 2007 The second district (95,000 inhabitants) has a new shopping center in addition to the two shopping streets – Praterstraße and Taborstraße. The area anticipates some 9,000 visitors per day; its catchment area encompasses some 600,000 people.
2 min 4 min 8 min 10 min 15 min 30 min
The functional synergies of the respective project in the neighbourhood of the WU site are highlighted in the matrix.
USES Café
Auditorium
Student Hostel
Kindergarten
Sports
Concerts
Shop Medical Center
Day-care Center
Seminars
Relaxation
Hotel
Restaurant
Offices
Leisure Area
Bicycles
Jogging
Nature
Information
Conferences
This legend illustrates potential synergies with particular areas adjacent to the Campus WU. The two icon boxes display the active usage or function of the respective area. The site map on top indicates which of the topics or places the respective area may activate on the Campus.
OPEN SPACES
0
10
25
50
Green Oasis â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Pavillions in the University Garden
100m
Meadow, Gravel, Water, Grasses and Bushes
Concrete Paving Slabs
Trees
Walkway, Flow
Walkway, Special Surface
Platform (Ready-mix Concrete)
Buildings
Composition of basic elements that constitute the open space
The Campus is a sequence of spaces that engage with one another and are qualified – in architectural terms – by the buildings. The guiding principle of the Master Plan has also determined the design of these spaces. A fabric of internal and external areas defined by the position of the entrances in relation to a succession of plazas generates the desired atmosphere.
GAMEBOARD OF REALIZATION
Multiplicity of Stakeholders Activating the Space
Campus Safety
Maintenance - Cleaning
Accesses
Green Periphery
Guidance System
Furniture
Benches
Advertisement Space
W1-E
1 2
3
55
6
4
Energy Requirement
Plazas
Fire Protection
Puddle Scheme
Special Functions
Emergency Exits
Event Areas
Water Posts
Materials
Video Surveillance
Smoking Areas
Bicycle Facilities
Western entrance
„LLC Plaza“
Eastern entrance
Barrier Free
Air Balloons
Master planners Architects Site Manager Engineers Dimension Philosophy Form Realization REALIZATION OF A COLLECTIVE VISION - PARTICIPANTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Building Site Cameras
Managers Process
Acoustic Comfort
Lighting Ambience
Landscape Environment
Welcome! Portier Is the library open 24 hours / 7 days a week? Student
Ground Floor Functions
Transit Routes
How to disseminate information widely?
Energy Concept Rector
I need to work concentrated!
Professor Ventilation Constructions
Shadow Survey
Controlled Exits
Where am I having lunch?
Secretary
Illumination
Load Capacity
Logistics GRUPPE 2_ Nordost
Where shall we take the press photo? Mayor
W1-E
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
G2
Bautafel
GRUPPE 3_ G5
GRUPPE 4_ Nord
Fitness
Ginko biloba " Autumn gold" Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
GRUPPE 1_ Erweiterung Restaurant W1-E
Planung
W1-D/ West LLC
GRUPPE 5_
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
Bautafel
GRUPPE 6_ Nord / Ost LLC
GRUPPE 7_ Nord O1
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Abwechselnd einstämmig/ mehrstämmig Kronenansatz zwischen 2m bis 3.5m
Tilia tomentosa West LLC
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Zweistämmig Kronenansatz 2.5m
Ginko biloba zweistämmig Kronenansatz max. 2.5m Großbaumverpflanzung
12
LOUNGE: Gleditsia triacanthos inermis Prunus padus
Is the campus safe for my daughter at midnight?
G1 Corylus colurna Gleditsia triacanthos inermis
3 x 10 Planung
Planung
GRUPPE 19 _
100 Ausführung
Sophora Japonica Großbaumverpflanzung
Abgrenzung Lounge
Ginko biloba Abwechselnd zweistämmig / mehrstämmig Kronenansatz max. 2.5m Großbaumverpflanzung
32 BBW 36 BBM
Quercus frainetto
32 BBO
Acer tataricum ginnala
EXPO
7 Wegweiser Infopoint GRUPPE 18_
W2 sudost
PATIO Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
32 BBO
Prunus padus GRUPPE 17_
RELAX
W2 Fassadenseite
INFOPOINT
Platanus acerifolia
Platanus acerifolia
Zelkova serrata
Ginko biloba "Princeton Sentry" Großbaumverpflanzung Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
Gewista Zaun
FORUM
Corylus colurna Prunus padus GRUPPE 16_ G4
GRUPPE 14_ GRUPPE 15_
W2 Fassadenseite
Ginko biloba "Princeton Sentry" Einstämmig Kronenansatz 2.5m
55
GRUPPE 12_
W2 Fassadenseite
Ginko biloba "Princeton Sentry" Großbaumverpflanzung Kronenansatz 2.5m
Quercus frainetto
O2 Fassadenseite
Ginko biloba "Princeton Sentry" Großbaumverpflanzung Kronenansatz 2.5m
Bautafel
GRUPPE 10_
O2 Fassadenseite
Ginko biloba "Princeton Sentry" Einstämmig Kronenansatz 2.5m
Planung 32 BBW
Cercidiphyllur japonicum
Tischtennisplatz
Ginko biloba " Autumn gold" Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 2.5m
Prunus padus
100
21 BBM
Pinus nigra
15 BBM 32 Frei
GRUPPE 13_
GRUPPE 11_
Sud W2
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kroneansatz ab 3.5m
Sud O2
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m GRUPPE 8_
Sud/Ost O2
Ginko biloba Straßenbaumqualität Abwechselnd Einstämmig/ mehrstämmig Kronenansatz zwischen 2m bis 3.5m GRUPPE 9_ G3
Liegewise
Ginko biloba " Autumn gold" Einstämmig Kronenansatz ab 3.5m
Konzept Werbeplanen Bauzaun, campus WU BOA, 27.1.2011
Hoarding
Trees
Mother
Water Irrigation
Councillor Landscape
Event Scenario
What do I see from my window?
Supply and Waste Management
Neighbour
Standardization
Everyone should have the same opportunities!
Safety Zones
Motorized Transport
Feminist
Technicians Verification
Safety Liberty
Fire security Certitude
Builders Artisanry
Client Desire
PROTAGONISTS OF NEW REALITIES
How to facilitate people´s lives?
HETEROTOPY OF PERCEPTIONS The project genesis of the Campus WU is understood, composed and conducted as the collective production of new realities to invite and embrace the largest possible amount of diversity.
ECOLOGICAL URBANISM
Intensities & Densities: Encouraging Interaction in Public Spaces
9,900 m² of bushes, perennial herbs, flowers enhance the liveliness of the Campus on a micro level – adding to the background atmosphere of vitality.
1,659 m² of lawn emphasize the non-programmed quality of the open spaces, allowing the freedom of circulation in winter and sunbathing, picnicking and playing in warmer seasons.
720 m of bicycle routes 982 secured bicycle facilities support clean mobility through the city and the Campus along a ring of 1,200m.
232 trees become protagonists in providing shade during the hot summer days, participating in daily and seasonal usage patterns. 83 benches invite people to rest, communicate, study or contemplate. 48 waste bins help to maintain the Campus clean. They are the beginning and the endpoint of the waste separation system established in the whole Campus.
9 water fountains help to preserve a clean Campus, and are the starting point and the endpoint of the water system.
An open field for actionisms and on-site interventions was established throughout the design and planning process in order to keep the community informed and encourage people to get involved, to participate and to contribute.
Table Tennis 3 tables EA Coffee Bar Outdoor area 180 m² ~ 45 seats Fitness Basketball D4 Coffee Bar Outdoor area 165 m² ~ 40 seats Stage Open air events ~ 500 people LC Coffee Bar Outdoor area 160 m² ~ 40 seats
Lawn Sunbathing area D1 TC Food Court 700 seats 2,000 meals/day Outdoor area 210 m2 ~ 50 Seats D2 SC Beer Garden / Brewery Outdoor area 110 m² ~ 30 seats D1 TC Teaching Center Total seats 3,370 Film Festival 5 screens ~ 3,050 people Parties for Students ~1,950 people
Art of Roxane Legenstein
What are economies?
The aspect of Beauty
Beauty is not complaisant. It is the source for lust born by longing souls. In art and architecture beauty has been ousted by questions of truth and the necessities of modern society. Beauty became a mere phenomenon of luxury. Taken over by advertising companies it creates even more desire instead of satisfaction. But shiny and glossy with no regard to quality or content the product selling aesthetics is just a promise of beauty. It is the chance of our man-built surrounding to fulfill that promise.
PROJECT
CONCOMITANT CONTROL
Campus WU for the Vienna University of
FCP - Fritsch,
Economics and Business
Chiari & Partner ZT GmbH
Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna EXECUTIVE GLOBAL PROJECT Start of the construction works
2009
ARGE Campus WU
Project completion
2013
BUSarchitektur /
2
Usable area
100,000 m
Total cost
492.0 Mio €
Vasko + Partner Ingenieure
ARCHITECTS OWNER
Atelier Hitoshi Abe, Sendai
Projektgesellschaft
BUSarchitektur, Vienna
Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Neu GmbH
CRABstudio, London Estudio Carme Pinós, Barcelona
PRINCIPAL
NO.MAD Arquitectos, Madrid
BIG Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft m.b.H.
Zaha Hadid Architects, Hamburg
Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU) LOCAL CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION PROJECT MANAGEMENT
ARGE ÖBA Campus WU
ARGE PS WU Neubau
InGenos.Gobiet.ZT GmbH
Drees&Sommer / DELTA
iC consulenten
U STEPHANS7 PLATZ
U
min
30 min 13 min
U
VIENNA, AUSTRIA 48° 12’ 0” NORTH, 16° 22’ 0” EAST
U
NA
DO
U
U
5 min
U
15 min 7 min
PRATER
8 min
0
500
1000m
S Y S T E M S
PROCESS DESCRIPTION, QUALITY ASSURANCE, THEMATIC MODULES ST. PETERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S BASILICA, ROME
The Master Plan outlines the principles and major structural
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divisions, such as the designation of construction sites, building
guidelines and design manuals but also includes the entire
locations and open spaces.
planning and creation of open spaces as an essential part of
It is the basis of the architectural project and provides
Viennaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Campus WU.
recommendations for individual buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; designs. An integral Master Plan is the goal of the entire process. Designs,
By developing this control system as a CI project, overall
cooperative planning methods and visionary models are not only
orientation across all the individual building sites is ensured â&#x20AC;&#x201C;
developed to meet building and development regulations but to
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embark on an overall coherent planning and execution process guided by the Campus WU Master Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a plan that hopes
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account the complex logic of its creation.
modules developed throughout this process:
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WORKING IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX
economic and contextual goals and requirements. It is the master
An environmental matrix serves as a tool for achieving balance
plannersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; task to stop negative trends and to initiate positive
by interlinking different system cycles in order to clarify and
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harmonise. The matrix concept comes from the computer
create long-term planning assurances, to foster cooperation and
sciences and takes into account a group of equally important
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MACROSYSTEMS
â&#x20AC;&#x153;NEW WUâ&#x20AC;? MASTER PLAN TASKS
RESULTS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
To elaborate on concepts for different topics that should discuss
Representational scenarios should be created through a
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combinatorial analysis of the environmental matrix and visualisation models.
INTEGRAL MASTER PLANNING HYPOTHESES ARE DEVELOPED TOGETHER WITH EXPERTS
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PLANNING PROCESS
Ecology means the absolute integration of systems.
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Therefore, interaction rather than the individual entity is the
in order to ensure a sustainable contribution to the Campus
deciding factor.
development.
WORKING HYPOTHESES CASE STUDIES
QUALITY ASSURANCE CHECKLIST
These
are
strategic
projects
that
promote
a
holistic
Operational force analysis of the parameters is an analysis of
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for personal interpretation.
occur in the open spaces or inside the Campus buildings.
SCHĂ&#x2013;NBRUNN PALACE, VIENNA
MUSEUMSQUARTIER, VIENNA 0
100
200m
EA/D4
D3 AD
Building plot 6,900 m2
Building plot 9,650 m2
WESTERN ACCESS
1
EA FAIR HOTEL
2
1 WESTERN ACCESS
D4
2
A
HOTEL (PROJECT)
B
3 D3 AD
HOTEL (PROJECT)
PRATER
WESTERN ACCESS
EXECUTIVE EA ACADEMY
1
FAIR HOTEL
DEPARTMENTS
2
1 WESTERN ACCESS
D4 HOTEL (PROJECT)
B
A
2
3
DEPARTMENTS
D3 AD SPECIAL LIBRARIES
HOTEL (PROJECT)
DEPARTMENTS
RESEARCH INSTITUTES
PRATER
WESTERN ACCESS EA
1
FAIR HOTEL
2
1 WESTERN ACCESS
D4
2
A
B
HOTEL (PROJECT)
3 D3 AD
HOTEL (PROJECT)
PRATER
EA D4
LC
D3 AD D2 SC
46
LC
Building plot 10,300 m2 CONNECTION TO VIERTEL ZWEI EASTERN ACCESS
Building plot 7,650 m2
CONNECTION TO VIENNA FAIR
NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTERISTICS URBAN RELATIONS Urban space
6 5
Green space
C LC
D2 SC
OPENING TO THE PRATER Visual relation
D
Accessibility
4 PRATER
QUALITY OF WORK
KAISERALLEE
Orientation CONNECTION PRATER View
CONNECTION TO VIERTEL ZWEI EASTERN ACCESS
CONNECTION TO VIENNA FAIR
IDENTITY TRAITS IMAGE CARRIERS Functional signiямБcance
6 5 C D2 SC
DEPARTMENTS
LC LIBRARY & LEARNING CENTER
EXTERNAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
Architectural accents External appearance and relation to the plaza
SPECIAL FUNCTION
D
Self-contained
PRATER
KAISERALLEE
Cutting across plots
4 PLAZAS Public areas / intermediate areas CONNECTION TO PRATER Spatial synergies CONNECTION TO VIERTEL ZWEI EASTERN ACCESS
1
CONNECTION TO VIENNA FAIR
INTERFACE AREAS FLOWS OF PEOPLE Public transit routes
6 5 C
Passages LC
D2 SC
Entrance areas USE OF THE GROUND FLOOR D
PRATER
Internal (University)
Public
KAISERALLEE
4 EXTERIOR AREAS OCCUPANCY Open space CONNECTION TO PRATER
Optional space
2
URBAN SETTINGS
D2 SC
IDEALISM
ABSTRACTION Jury session of the Architectural competition Campus WU 2nd September 2008
AND IT ALL BEGAN WITH AN IDEA ... TO CREATE A DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL LANDSCAPE
CASTLES IN THE AIR
ENTHUSIASM
DISCUSSION
Compilation by Daniela Kobel, BUSarchitektur Vienna – 18.07.2013
INTEGRAL MASTER PLAN
50
ABOUT THE WIND ANALYSIS
ABOUT THE LIGHTING CONCEPT
“...The simulations carried out with flow-mechanical computer models provided results in 3D showing the spatial distribution of the wind speed and direction. The computer model calculates these distributions based on a predetermined wind profile (trend of the wind speed and direction compared to the height) at the edge of the area under investigation. The profile was obtained through climatology.
“...The relevant guidelines for the lighting of outdoor facilities are largely found in regulation ÖNORM EN 13201. Depending on specific criteria such as “typical speed of the main user,” “traffic flow” or “risk of crime,” a differentiated requirement catalogue is established. The systems for lighting the main traffic pathways are directly
The Campus WU area was analyzed from four different wind direction profiles: northwest, west-northwest, southeast and
mounted on construction building facades. The so-called LED luminaries (light-emitting diode) are equipped with halogen vapor lamps (color temperature of approx. 3,000 K). Since these
east-southeast. Any points of conflict identified were offset by
luminaries are rotatable and swivable, they can be individually
adjusting the plans for open spaces and vegetation planting…”
aligned and adjusted...”
Wind channel analysis:
Lighting planning:
Bodo Ruck, Karlsruhe
Markus Peskoller, Innsbruck & Gerhard Zimmel, Vienna
ABOUT THE DRAINAGE CONCEPT
ABOUT THE TRAFFIC CONCEPT
“...Rain water falling on sealed surfaces or roof surface areas should be recovered and used, where possible, for irrigation or flushing toilets. This idea should therefore be included in the technical concept of the construction. Rainwater falling on unsealed surfaces or open spaces drains naturally.
“...The Campus is a pedestrian area; access to the garage for cars and for suppliers is located to the east. Street access is via Trabrennstraße and is provided for cars and small vans as well as for larger lorries and the refuse collection vehicle requiring the loading zone or main waste disposal area.
Water falling on paths is directed to adjacent green areas, as
The slope of the ramps at the entrance area is not greater than 12% (Viennese Law for Garages, sect. 10 (6) and OIB guidelines 4 / 2.7.3).
is the downhill gradient of paved surfaces. The designated drainage area is built according to ÖNORM regulations. The only deviation from the ÖNORM recommendations in this
The garage is a zigzag shape building in the midst of the different
project is the drainage channel, which was deliberately made
construction sites. Four staircases with natural light function as
shallower but wider…”
connecting links to the open spaces….”
Water management:
Traffic planning:
Dipl. Ing. Ernst Nöbl, Steinabrückl
Dr. Werner Rosinak, Vienna 51
52
ABOUT THE FIRE PROTECTION CONCEPT
ABOUT THE MAINTENANCE CONCEPT OF GREEN AREAS
“...The fire protection concept had to be included in the architectural competition. Should a fire start, buildings are evacuated via escape routes, not by using the fire brigade’s ladders. Each building therefore has a main and a second escape route according to the Building Code of Vienna and the OIB guideline 2. Fire trucks can access the different buildings and must be able to park within 50m of the main entrance.
“...The basic principles for reducing the cost of maintaining the green areas were included in the landscape plans. The following maintenance-related principles were taken into account: - Selection of hardy site-appropriate tree and shrub species
While working on the design, the exact parameters are defined:
- Selection of robust, long term, site-specific planting areas - No small planting areas, instead large sections of contiguous vegetation enable efficient maintenance
there is a drive-through passage (“fire route”) with two
- Precise planting of green areas to avoid dirt tracks etc.
opposite entrances…”
- Automatic irrigation system....”
Fire protection planning:
Planning of green areas:
BrandRat Frank Peter & Martin Tomek, Vienna
Landschaftsarchitektur Stefan Schmidt & Hannes Batik, Vienna
ABOUT THE GASTRONOMIC CONCEPT
ABOUT THE LIGHTWELLS
“...The critical success factors for Vienna’s new Campus WU restaurants revolve around the challenge of coping with vacation time (lecture-free periods). Currently, additional courses are offered at the university during the winter, Easter and summer breaks. Moreover, summer academies and similar programs should bring about more movement during recess. Food-related businesses must expect lower income per hour during vacations.
“...Pedestrians as well as cyclists reach the buildings via the central car-free area. The entrances to the underground parking are located in the Relax, Stage, Patio and Forum-WU plazas. These entrances’ glass staircases bring daylight to the basement and make
Therefore, Campus WU’s other external target groups must be engaged all year-round so that they continue to visit its restaurants during vacation time. Students should also be encouraged to visit
orientation easier in relation to the open space above (Campus). Pedestrian flows are directed from the parking areas to the buildings by passing through the lightwells. There are two reasons for this: on the one hand, safety (no public underground lift access except for barrier-free access) and, on the other, the
the Campus during their time off by means of attractive study
creation of an urban setting that facilitates the possibility of
areas and additional offerings….”
informal contacts….”
Gastronomic concept:
Logistical concept:
Kohl & Partner, Martin Schaffer
BUSarchitektur, Laura P. Spinadel & Jean Pierre Bolívar, Vienna 53
ORIENTATION CONCEPT
SMOKING AREAS
“...At the heart of the Campus WU Master Plan is its approach to
“...Smoking is not allowed inside the buildings.
tailoring the design of the open space and buildings to the users. An orientation system will make it easy to move around intuitively
Therefore, a concept for the open spaces had to be developed so
due to its integral design.
as not to exclude any target group while still respecting these standards in an intelligent manner.
Building upon the Corporate Identity (CI) elements of the Campus
54
WU in Vienna, the system creates a common identity with a distinctive design, while also remaining unobtrusive and blending in with the architectural landscape. In addition to providing the guidance system, digital topographic areas are also created. In
Smoking areas can be found near the main entrances. Eating areas are protected from the main wind direction. Where
this manner, Campus WU’s modern image satisfies both today’s and tomorrow’s needs...”
They are equipped with rubbish bins and objects to lean against...”
Orientation concept: BOA, Laura P. Spinadel & Hubert Marz, Vienna
Open space planning: BUSarchitektur, Laura P. Spinadel & M. Martínez
possible, the architecture (passageways) provides roofing for the smoking areas.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
FURNISHING CONCEPT
“...Rubbish bins are found all along the green border on the
“...The attractive open spaces invite users to stay and make the
Campus at distances of approximately 50m apart. They are
Campus come alive. This is the basic requirement for informal
located close to passageways, easy to find and equipped with
social control. The open space features are based on the concept
ashtrays in the smoking areas. An E-Car empties them regularly.
of “Families”. Families serve as tools for creating order and
Rubbish is collected in a decentralized waste-disposal facility
a structure, as well as contributing to the global identification
in the basement and from there brought to the loading yard in
of the Campus. The elements spread around the Campus are a valuable tool to regulate its scale. The members of one Family change the intensity of the area they occupy by means of their
the underground parking. Waste-disposal rooms located above ground with an access road needed to be built for the Executive The central waste disposal area consists of two waste
connectedness or disconnection. They act as reference points for pedestrians and thereby make it possible to maintain the human
compactors, an area for recycling materials and a refrigerated room for food leftovers and fats/cooking oil...
scale of perception (the maximum height of the elements is 3.0m = horizon), in contrast with the architectural scale…”
Logistical concept: BUSarchitektur, Laura P. Spinadel & Bernd Pflüger, Vienna
Design concept: BOA, Laura P. Spinadel , Vienna & Mariana Renjifo, NY
Academy and the western part of construction site D3 AD.
55
MULTI-SCALAR NEGOTIATIONS: MASTER PLAN AS MEDIATOR Ila Berman / Mona El Khafif*
The Master Plan for the Vienna University (WU)
wide range of architectural authors. In this sense, the
Campus by BUSarchitektur is by nature as complex as it is
Master Plan operates as an interactive device and abstract
evolutionary. It embodies a multivalent negotiation of scales,
machine, a living body that is, in the end, a subject of its
conceptual principles, architectural territories and operative
own material evolution.
methodologies. Its success as a highly accomplished work
60
of architecture and urbanism is attributable not only
CONTEXTUAL PARAMETERS
to the intricacies of this multifaceted negotiation, the
AND INSTRUMENTAL FRAMEWORKS
comprehensiveness of its approach, and the high standards to
The central location of the Campus WU site, in a key
which the architecture aspires, but also to the inventiveness
development target area for the city of Vienna, is extremely
with which the Master Plan, as a predefined product of
significant. In order to fully understand and appreciate the
urban and architectural history, was conceptually retooled in
contextual complexity of BUS’s Master Plan scheme, it is
order to challenge its traditional deficiencies and ensure its
therefore also critical to comprehend the connotations of
alignment with the conceptual strategies embedded in BUS’s
the Master Plan from the perspectives of the urban design
design approach to the project. The Master Plan operates as
and planning professions as well as the traditional and
both a large-scale architecturally designed “schema” for the
contemporary approaches to this topic within Vienna’s own
whole campus while also advancing multiple strategies to
evolutionary history. Vienna’s attitude toward urbanism,
catalyze and control its generative processes and evolutionary
as is the case within many other European cities, is highly
development. These include a progressively detailed series of
influenced by the richness of its historic urban form and
Master Plan documents, matrices, guidelines and rulebooks
the emphasis placed on the physicality of its built space.
each containing distinct rule sets to render explicit the
Through the concept of the Master Plan, the built artifacts
conceptual directives of the project, govern the negotiations
of urbanism were traditionally defined by their overall
of interested constituencies and focus the designs of its
configuration, boundary conditions and the delimitation
of building envelopes, figure/ground relationships, density,
As much as the field of urbanism is always evolving—
infrastructural circulation systems, green space and
constantly generating more interdisciplinary approaches to
programmatic land use. These attributes of the civic fabric
read and understand the city 2, the professions of architecture
that define the Master Plan were then usually converted
and urban design are also continuously inventing new
into more rigidified form-based planning regulations that
strategies and design tools that do justice to the complexity of
delineated the zoning plan for the site—a process that has
the urban realm. Within Vienna, two influential projects of
dominated the approach to urban design within this region
note attempted to radically re-think traditional form-based
for many decades.
master planning in order to replace it with more dynamic tools for urban development. The
The Master Plan as a planning tool is by definition intended
first of these was the winning entry
to be flexible in nature. It is meant to primarily establish a
for the airfield Aspern competition
framework that negotiates between the larger configuration
in 1989 by Ruediger Lainer and the
of the city and the scale of the final building development
second, was the realized Master
plan for an individual site. The Master Plan is not a legal
Plan of the Cable Factory KDAG
document, but offers a format for a site’s development that acts
in Vienna Meidling. The latter
as a scaffold to support and strengthen the design in fulfilling
of these, entitled dyn@mosphere, was the winning entry
general principles toward strategic goals, while providing
of the 1998 City 2000 competition by ARGE Rainer Pirker
the opportunity for civic participation during the design’s
ARCHItexture and the Poor Boy’s Enterprise, which, rather
development. At the end of the master planning process, the
than describing urban form, focused on designing processes
design is generally converted into a zoning plan that offers
for its development.
urban
design
a legal structure for
contextual
future development. 1
The Master Plan was set up as a notation—a composition of
It is precisely this
lines and embedded urban prototypes that were less defined
complexity
conversion
from
by their forms, than by what these signifying marks were
a dynamic plan of
meant to accomplish within the urban field. This indexical
spatial
negotiation
form of notation referred to a set of critical concepts, a spatial
into the definitive boundaries of a parcel distribution layout
structure, as well as typologies of private, semi-public and
and rigidified code that very often resist the possibility of
public infrastructure in addition to establishing rules for self-
generating overarching integrative systems or other forms of
organization and flexibility. 3 Because the definition of urban
continuity between and across individuated parcels.
form was intentionally kept imprecise within this project, the
61
conversion of the Master Plan into a zoning plan automatically
composition of building masses, public plazas, infrastructural
led to a negotiation process between the architects, the city
systems, and green space. The design scheme situated
planning department and the developers for the project. In
buildings and public spaces within a park, linking them to
the end, the final zoning plan resulting from this process,
each other and back to the surrounding environment via a
contained a series of new planning codes such as additional
central lateral spine and smaller scale circulatory network.
cubature in exchange for public space development and open
For the architectural competition to follow, the Master Plan
rule sets for building envelope definition that encouraged
divided the larger site into five parcels identifying building
interpretation and an ongoing dialog with the architects
sites for individual departments and university facilities, their
throughout the process.
4
maximum building envelopes including possible extension zones and cantilevers and important entry locations, while also The KDAG Master
demarcating transit routes and passages, view connections
creative
Plan is certainly an
and public interface zones. These were comprehensively
choreography
important milestone
defined by the organizational structure of the Master Plan
in Vienna’s recent
and thoroughly delineated through the competition brief and
urban history, yet
a compendium of drawings, manuals and rule books given to
the
each of the architects.
62
project
also
exhibited a lack of formal and spatial consistency due to the
The full realization of the Master Plan and its six architectural
erasure of more definitive configurative strategies. Although
projects—designed by Estudio Carme Pinós [Barcelona],
not directly influenced by this project, the Master Plan of
CRABstudio [London], Zaha Hadid Architects [Hamburg],
the Campus WU by BUSarchitektur finds affinities with
NO.MAD Arquitectos [Madrid], Atelier Hitoshi Abe
its approach, in particular in relation to its emphasis on
[Sendai]
the creative choreography of processes and programmatic
over a five-year period through an intricately managed
synergies, yet compensates for its lack of organizational
choreography that can be summarized in relation to eight
and spatial rigor by providing a much more comprehensive
critical frameworks, processes and/or methodologies—
and delineated spatial design model that responds to the
understood as “lines of action” or “handlungsstränge”—that
complexity of urban form and its layered ecologies.
organized and directed the project:
BUS’s original winning competition entry for the Master
1. The Master Plan as a Multilayered Urban Field:
Plan (May 2008) suggested a campus typology based on
The original design submission for the Campus WU
an integrated spatial strategy that also identified a clear
proposed an assemblage of dispersed buildings unified by
and
BUSarchitektur
[Vienna]—occurred
extended topography of centralized plazas and an interlinked
Configurator that were used to support
circulation network acting as a connective tissue. Although
the jury process for the architectural
highly defined in its initial configuration and organizational
competition focused on the five building
structure, the Master Plan operates as a flexible and complex
sites. These interactive 3D visualization
multilayered urban field informed and refined by the
interfaces
progressive development of the multiple scales of the project.
performance of the competition entries
facilitated
assessing
the
within the context of the larger Master
urban field
labeled the Master Plan Browser and the
multilayered
a green perimeter and layered surface strategy, a laterally
2. The Zoning Plan defining the Site as a Single Entity:
Plan by enabling their visualization from
Although the Master Plan with its divided parcelization
diverse vantage points while testing
structure could have been converted into a zoning plan with
different combinatorial possibilities drawn from the wide
five individual building sites, BUS maintained the original
range of project submissions. These tools allowed the jury to
zoning category of the “Strukturgebiet”—that, according
walk through a virtual model of the Master Plan and evaluate
to §77 of the Viennese building code, is only applicable to
each project’s massing, proportions, spatial qualities, scale and
a single site—in order to maintain flexibility in the design
solar orientation experienced in relation to the public space
process while ensuring that the campus could be developed
throughout the day and at different times of the year. This
as a comprehensive integrated whole. To then compensate
advanced digital tool can be understood as an evolution of the
for the lack of a legally binding structure in relation to the
Cubic Capacity Model applied during the planning process of
individual building plots, BUS generated rule sets specifically
the KDAG Cable Factory 5. In both cases the tool allowed the
applicable to these areas. Some of these were constraints in
interactive assessment of architectural projects within a larger
relation to the larger zoning requirements that defined the
urban context in relation to a mutable set of parameters.
basic codes for the site [such as maximum height, maximum density, spacing, access, land-use and parking], while others
4. The Introduction of Master Plan Manuals, Rulebooks,
were necessarily treated as critical recommendations [such as
Matrices and Guidelines:
view connections, transit routes and pedestrian passageways,
In order to produce a cohesive campus and ensure adherence
and the location of public programs].
to the master planning principles, to facilitate this process BUS furnished a series of six manuals, matrices and rulebooks
3. The Configurator as an Interactive Urban Design Tool:
to communicate conceptual design directives and spatial and
The Master Plan design process was supported by a series
programmatic guidelines for the campus development and
of plug-ins, in particular, a set of interactive design tools
its individual building sites. The concurrent development of
63
all projects on the site necessitated a commonly shared set
urban campus and the architecture, and the alignment and
of interactive guidelines that were able to evolve in relation
careful development of the interfaces between architectural
to the design progression of the campus as whole. These
projects and the designed public space of the campus, were
included: an environmental scan and programmatic matrix
managed by BUS through two focused workshops with each
defining synergies with the surrounding urban context;
architectural office held during the summer of 2009.
the delineation of the Master Plan within the parameters of an urban model; a master plan rulebook and design for
7. Interaction, Communication and Marketing Strategies:
the entire site; a master plan rule book for the building
During the design and construction phase BUS, and its
plots; a catalog outlining typological design standards and
partner company BOA (büro für offensive aleatorik),
space planning guidelines for the development of repetitive
developed critical interactive communication strategies
building elements; and an architectural manual summarizing
that allowed future users and citizens to engage with the
relevant guidelines from existing Viennese building codes
design process. These included the Architekturzentrum
and regulations directly applicable to the project.
Wien [Az W] exhibition (May 2009) that presented the genealogy of the Master Plan design; the on-site Info Point
5. The Implementation of Integrated Campus-wide Systems:
and exhibition operating from 2010-2013 that offered guided
The comprehensive integration of overlapping systems in
tours, workshops and webcam documentation of the project’s
support of all buildings and public areas for the entire site
development as well as local branding through construction
was intrinsic to the Master Plan structure and developed
signage; the installation count-down located on the existing
under the leadership of BUSarchitektur in cooperation
WU campus to provide an ongoing platform to communicate
with a team of expert consultants. This included the
locally with the student and faculty population; and the
strategic development of campus-wide ecological and
development of a comprehensive website on the project in
energy systems incorporating rainwater catchment and
addition to a broad range of external related activities and
wind protection, as well as integrated systems for security,
events such as, lectures and videos.
lighting, media technology, acoustics, fire safety, façade cleaning and way finding.
8. Comprehensive Project Leadership and Orchestration: BUSarchitektur operated as the general planner for the
64
6. Workshops to Coordinate Synchronic Multi-scalar Design
project, responsible for the design of the entire site’s public
Development:
open space, one building plot (the D1 TC - Departments 1
The design negotiations necessary to ensure the synthetic
/ Teaching Center building) and the implementation of all
integration of systems, the coordination of scales between the
campus-wide systems, ensuring the centralized orchestration
Urban Context: From the competition to the project
and productive oversight of all components of the project
MASTER PLAN STRATEGIES:
and avoiding the fragmentation often attributed to large scale
LAYERED TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACES,
multi-building development.
FLOWS AND CONSTELLATIONS Context and the Urban / Nature Dialectic
These eight trajectories that define the processes and
The campus is situated at a critical juncture where the inner
frameworks of the Master Plan should be understood as
core of the city meets the landscape conservation areas
instruments of organization, activation, and mediation
along the Danube River, located just to the northeast of
employed to direct the design of a range of critical territories
Vienna’s First District and between the historic city center
over the project’s evolution. These territories include: the
and the new Danube city (Donaucity) and Danube Island
site organization and parcelization, the development of
(Donauinsel). Locally, the site is highly influenced by its
massing strategies and the strategic distribution of voids, the
relationship to the adjacent Prater to the southwest and the
manipulation of the ground plane and productive generation
Messe Wien—the Fair, Congress and Exhibition Center of
of topographic and green surface strategies, the delineation of
Vienna—to the northeast, in addition to the neighboring
infrastructural networks and their activation, the distribution
stadium and hotels and the surrounding residential and
of programmatic constellations, the management of material
mixed-use urban development areas to the north of the site.
and environmental flows, and the elaboration and integration
As part of the Master Plan, each of these areas was assessed
of technological systems among others. If the Master Plan is a
to determine urban, architectural and programmatic
complex multi-layered instrument with implicit and explicit
synergies in relation to the new Campus WU to contribute
rule sets through which its guiding concepts and principles are
to its strategic development, promote future relationships
organized, we can understand these territories to constitute
with a larger extended network of constituents and
the architectural assemblages or formed substances out of
ultimately ensure its productive integration within a larger
which the project of the Master Plan is materialized.
urban context.
65
The site is elongated in one of its dimensions positioned as
of the park. Each of these boundaries is a line whose intrinsic
a diagonal extending from the northwest to the southeast
qualities index the specificity of its proximate context while
and running almost parallel to the Danube River. Within
dividing the site’s border into two distinct edges that signify
the Master Plan, however, the site’s co-ordination is subtly
the dialectic operating between the city and its surrounding
re-coded, departing from the global coordinate system
nature. These are synthesized in the changing local geometry
to reveal the dominance of its lateral orientation and the
of the line as it moves from a precise orthogonal edge to a
primacy of the east-west axis that are subsequently employed
more ambiguous anexact spatial boundary, qualities that
to organize and structure the campus. Although relatively
are responded to in the different configurations of building
orthogonal, the detailed configuration of the site complexifies
plots and architectural masses as these are distributed
its relationship to the Cartesian ordering system of a typical
across the site.
urban block, referring instead to its global position situated between the city of Vienna and the Danube Wetlands National
This urban/nature dialectic is a critical concept for the
Park, and its local position between the Messe Wien and the
project and is further elaborated in the Master Plan
Prater, occupying a critical border territory across which
in the larger strategies that delineate the layering of
the culture/nature dialectic is played out. This differencing
topographic surfaces and the gradients of green landscape
across the site is embodied in its perimeter, which,
that wrap the site and penetrate its interior. The idea that the campus would be understood as “pavilions in the garden,” attempts to synthesize the urbanity of the campus as a dense yet diverse collection of buildings with an intensified landscape strategy. This is generated in relation to three significant areas: the dense green perimeter and thickened landscaped surfaces that circumscribe the site; the elaboration of a folded and fractured topography
The open space develops urbanity.
that integrates the central circulation spine with the six public plazas that are central to the campus and
66
although continuous, indexes a subtle yet clear distinction
that define its shared public space; and the attention
between the stepped orthogonal edge to the north that traces
given to the environmental atmospheres, ecological
the site’s boundary as it meets the adjacent urban context and
systems and micro-meteorological attributes of the
the smoothly rounded corners and undulating protrusions
larger territory that re-imagine water, wind, light and air
of the site’s southern edge as it follows the perimeter
to be significant architectural materialities.
The thickened green periphery wrapping the site separates
urban artifact. The reconstruction of this artificial landscape,
the campus from its surroundings in order to produce a
as one moves from the green surfaces at the periphery to the
clearly demarcated boundary and protected sanctuary for
manipulated topography at the center, displaces the notion
learning, while simultaneously reconnecting it with the
of ground as a mute backdrop upon which architectonic
adjacent parkland and larger natural landscape from which
elements might be figured, establishing a new synthesis
it was separated. This tree-lined perimeter thereby registers
operating at the edge of the city that functions to blur, rather
the outer edge of the campus while concurrently enabling
than differentiate this urban/nature distinction.
the
production
of
a
new
synthetic nature—a continuous green
material
circumscribe,
territory—to infiltrate
and
permeate the site. These green surfaces,
architecturalized
through the completeness of their boundary, the monoculture
Landscape Project: From the competition to the project
of their typological and spatial classification (into trees, grasses/shrubs, and meadows for
Although the figure of the site is primarily horizontal,
example), the differing thicknesses of their laminations, and
characterized by its extended east-west axis, three anomalous
the clarity of their layered planimetric zones as they move from
protrusions along the site’s boundary—two at the upper
the periphery to the interior, also signify a relationship with
northwest and lower southeast corners, and one at the
the natural realm through their living material continuities
center of the site’s northern border—transform its dominant
and the ways in which they grow, percolate through, and
orientation and implied organizational structure. The diagonal
saturate the site. If architecture might be understood to be the
orientation of the site in relation to both the global coordinate
art of delimitation and discontinuity, to reimbue architecture
system on the one hand, and the Danube River on the other,
with material continuity—to fill the surface and overflow
is reiterated in the restructuring of the site in the Master Plan
the frame—as the pervasiveness of the landscape is infused
as a diagonal axis is inscribed across its surface. This oblique
throughout the campus, is an attempt to reconnect the urban
axis conjoins the protrusions that mark the entry to the site at
realm with the natural material territory from which it was
the northwest corner where it meets the Messestrasse and the
separated and to draw the natural landscape, and the logics of
southeast corner where it meets the Kaiserallee and extends
its material organizations and processes, back into the cultural
into the Prater. This diagonal is overlaid with a secondary
67
skewed trajectory that reconnects the primary east-west axis
plots. This division of the site into a multiplicity of distinct
with a key entry point to the site at its upper northeast corner
plots and aggregation of buildings rather than centralizing
causing it to bifurcate and bend as it reaches the center of the
the university within a singular object or system intentionally emphasizes the urbanity of the campus as it is positioned in relation to the landscape. Through the siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s division, the total site area (91,000 m2) is divided into 5 parcels of approximately 18,000 m2 each which are similar in area but distinct in their configuration. This strategy attempts to initially fulfill one of the principle
Spatial sequences and scale apprehension
conditions of the Master Plan which is to ensure a balanced allotment of plots, building volumes and activated
site. Along the northern border, the site also protrudes in the
infrastructure throughout the site that are potentially equal in
center marking a significant north-south axis that not only
size, emphasis, perceptual weight and programmatic intensity
underscores a relationship across the site between the Messe
yet distinct and diverse in their configurations and identities.
Wein and the Prater, but also indexes the conceptual and
This concept of â&#x20AC;&#x153;equal but differentâ&#x20AC;? enables inclusiveness
programmatic center of the campus, the shifted and slightly
and promotes diversity while ensuring a cohesiveness to
skewed positioning of the Library and Learning Center, and
the campus and a balanced equilibrium of isolated elements
the point at which the structuring axes and infrastructural
through the even distribution of both building masses and
pathways of the site intersect and are redirected.
public spaces that collectively constitute a large grained field of solids and voids dispersed across the site.
Organizational Strategies: Site Fragmentation and the
68
Balanced Distribution of Mass, Space and Activity
Despite this even division of the field, a subtle hierarchy is
The dominant local configuration of the site determined by its
maintained within this parcelization strategy. There is a
boundary and orientation, the subtle protuberances along its
tripartite division moving from east to west that is dominated
perimeter, the implied axes and geometries embedded in its
by the central building plot whose north-south orientation,
deeper structure, and the dominant vectors that trace major
linking two opposing borders, distinguishes it from the
infrastructural flows across its surface, generate an initial
other parcels while dividing the site into two relatively equal
plane of organization within which the Master Plan is defined
halves. Each of these is further subdivided along the north-
and according to which the site was parcelized into building
south axis into two distinct plots supporting the D1 TC/D2
SC and EA/D4/D3 AD paired building sites all of which are
that each parcel is conceived as an unstable fragment of a
dominated—through its size, massing and location—by the
larger whole. Each will inevitably refer back to the global form
Library and Learning Center site occupying the main focal
from which it was extracted and the adjacent interlocking
point of the campus.
parcels that complement and complete it, rather than to its own individuated autonomy, assuring, at least within the
The initial edges of each parcel are determined by the site
initial context of the Master Plan, that the part will always be
boundary on the one hand, and the skewed lines that cut
subordinate to the whole in order to strengthen the potential
across and fracture the site on the other. These lines both
cohesiveness of the campus as a single entity.
divide the site into distinct parcels while forming a continuous circulation spine that links a series of six contiguous voids—
The oblique lines that initially divide the site not only render
plazas—that are distributed across the campus forming the
a specificity to the shape and configuration of individual
locus of public space for the university. The fracturing of
building sites, thereby resisting the generic neutrality often
the site into wedge-shaped parcels, whose edges operate as vectors delineating view corridors and circulation routes site, a
traversing collectively
fan-like
directs
series
the form that
movement—both
Decentralized perceptual systems
perceptual and physical— toward the dominant central plaza while linking it laterally
attributed to typical master planning processes, but also
and longitudinally to the major points of entry at the edges of
transform the dimensional edges that frame each building
the site. Although perhaps unseen within the final complex of
plot into directional vectors that intentionally mobilize it,
buildings on the campus, this configuration of parcels forms
moving out of the constraints of dimensionality and into
the hidden plane of organization underlying the shape of
the expressive domain of space. Through this process they
designated building plots and the logic of their relationship.
oscillate between performing two distinct yet contradictory
In addition to mobilizing flows across the site, the irregularity
roles: the binding and delimiting of a specific territory—the
of the shapes produced through this subdivision, and the
definition of the space of the parcel and the particular zone
“differences” attributed to the edges within each plot, ensures
of the building plot located within this—and the mobilizing
69
and directing of bodies and other flows throughout the site.
not only synthesized into the definition of a single element,
The oscillation that one finds between these two readings
but also shared by the perimeters of both solids and voids,
signifies an ambiguity in the Master Plan that is also found
tends to diminish the figure/ground opposition and lead
in the relationship between the configuration of solids and
one to imagine that they—both building masses and public
voids—building plots and plazas—on the site. Within each
spaces—are to be unfolded within, and occupy the same
parcel, and set back from the edges of the larger campus site,
spatial plane.
are six building plots whose figures are initially derived from the overlay of the site divisions (the parcelization structure),
These solids and voids are paired and equal in number, evenly
the circulation of the central spine, and the six voids located
distributed throughout the site and collectively organized in
along this spine that are intentionally carved out of, or located
relation to this main central axis. Although asymmetrical in
directly adjacent to the envelope for building masses.
arrangement, the doubled pairs of building plots straddling the spine to the east and west of the site’s center, and their
As relatively compact entities defined by their adjacent
repetition in the doubled plazas between them (one
building plots, these voids tend to be attributed a strong
designated in relation to each building plot), internalize
spatial and perceptual value that dominates the organization
the focus of the campus toward these public spaces. Along
of the complex. Their ambiguity, however, lies in the
the shared edges separating the building plots from public plazas, the Master Plan sets out parameters defining the characteristics and qualities of their interface, designating recommended entry zones at the ground level of buildings
W1-E
1
to be concentrated specifically along the plaza edges facing
2
3
55
inward toward the spine.
6
4
The six contiguous plazas, linked together by the main Plazas as development milestones
circulation corridor, are critical components of the Master Plan that characterize the outdoor public spaces embedded
70
specificity of their configuration which draws information
within the campus. As intensely programmed “voids,”
from differing sources, at one moment aligning itself with the
these plazas are activated by the building complexes that
oblique trajectory of the circulation route and at another with
open onto them—their adjacency enabling them to act as
the more grounded edges of the surrounding buildings and
extensions of the interior public terrain. The designation and
site. That these contradictory fragments of information are
programming for each of these is highly specific as one moves
from the Executive Academy square at the western edge of
providing precision and relative degrees of closure to the
the site to the Teaching Center square at the eastern edge,
boundaries that determine the nature of a place, while
each designed and animated to complement the constellation
invoking the characteristic attributes of landscape—its
of adjacent building programs. The platform adjacent to the
directionality, extension and continuity—in order to
food court, for example, supports the Patio, a raised outdoor
synthesize these sites within a larger whole. The oblique thus
terraced area to provide shaded outdoor seating for the café;
emerges as a strategy to render specificity to, and activate the
the Forum plaza opposite provides an outdoor lounge area
topography of these public plazas, while imbuing them with
for students going to and from the lecture halls, and the
topological continuities and slippages that mobilize their
Stage at the center of the site and opposite the Library and
surfaces, inflect their boundary conditions and dismantle
Learning Center provides a ramped and multi-functional
their dimensionality.
raised platform for an open-air cinema, concerts and an array of student events. These plazas act as a contiguous series that
Infrastructural Networks and Occupational Flows
emulates the meandering trajectory of a “walk in the park”
This main public pedestrian circulation spine operates to
with a diverse array of locally defined destinations along its
both link up with, and be mobilized by the flows that traverse
path, while simultaneously facilitating a cinematic sampling
the campus. In the initial master plan proposal, this public
of the educational life of the university.
outdoor circulation spine linked six primary access points to the site, each of which constitutes an entry point to the
The development of the plazas is enabled by the extended
campus. The most prominent of these are the two entries at
folds and fractures stretched across the site that are employed
the eastern and western edges of the site each defining the
to manipulate its terrain. An artificial topography is produced
end points of this circulation artery and their connection to
by the folding, peeling and thickening of the ground plane
the surrounding urban environment and transit routes, in
at six distinct locations to index and spatially support the
particular the underground metro. These points also mark
specificity of events occurring within these plazas while
the principle service access points to the site, and the eastern
simultaneously ensuring their integration with the larger
car entrance to the garage. Additionally there are three main
circulatory system traversing the campus. The oblique line
entry points that link to the central plaza and Library and
is a local diagrammatic device that proliferates throughout
Learning Center. These traverse the site in north-south
the scheme in both plan and section through the tilting,
direction providing a direct connection with the park to the
skewing and ramping of convergent and divergent edges and
south and the Congress and Exhibition Hall to the north.
surfaces. Operating between the domains of architecture
The predominant link between the east and west entry
and landscape, the oblique is called upon to simultaneously
points and the southern central access to the Prater is what
71
and that is later repeated in the structured doubling of its elements, as is found, for example, in the doubling of adjacent solids and voids, as well as in the dualism of proximate interior and exterior public spaces throughout the site. This pairing strategically operates to support the continuity and enhance the animation of flows across the site while both Paths systems environmental interaction
intensifying and balancing the relationship between built objects and public spaces.
establishes the shifting and bending of this main circulation axis forming a broad v-shaped spine with its apex centered
In marking a definitive path as the dominant circulatory
on, and directed toward the park. This apex locates a critical
element on the site, the spine also operates as a vector—a major
attractor of the project that acts to organize a series of radial
artery that continuously collects, directs, and redistributes the
trajectories directed from the main campus buildings toward
flows of bodies and goods across the site. In this context, its role
the center plaza of the campus and the Prater.
is to function in support of a larger network of connectivity rather than as a dimensional organizational structure, to
The central spine can be understood to operate in three
free the line from its territorializing functions in order to
distinct ways: as an axis that centralizes and bifurcates the
link up the public spaces and mobilize the flows of the larger
site, as a vector that collects and mobilizes the activities that
campus community while also augmenting their potential for
traverse it, and as a fracture that breaks open and folds the
interaction and exchange. In this context, its role is thus in
terrain in order to enable it to ‘breathe’ while generating
support of the living rather than the regulatory, intentionally
new spatial continuities across and within this landscape.
circuiting all flows through this conduit to ensure that the life
As an axis, the spine creates a bipartite division of the site
of the campus is focused and energized rather than dissipated.
into northern and southern territories while establishing a
72
potential symmetry across the site, evidenced in the pairing
Lastly, the central circulation acts to fracture the larger
of the eastern and western building volumes and the ways
mass of the site—intentionally introducing ruptures into its
in which, as “sets,” these contribute to the definition of the
solidity to aerate the campus with positively charged pockets
public plazas between them. As a dimensional organizational
of occupiable space and to enable these to be rendered
structure that allocates space and defines the primary internal
as elements that are continuous with, and integral to this
territory of the campus, the axis sets up a dichotomy across
circulation system. The perception of the spine as a fracturing
the site initially given by the urban/park dyad of its context
of the site works to ensure that the whole campus maintains
its cohesion despite the complexity of its discrete parts, while
aggregated units whose secondary entry points and exits are
also facilitating the changing speeds and types of inhabitation
then organized in relation to this network.
of the public spaces distributed along the edges of the folded path that traverses it. The bending of this oblique line furnishes
Within the Master Plan, in addition to the mapping of
locally constituted territories for occupation, slowing and
designated infrastructural arteries and defined conduits
speeding up flows as it laterally expands, contracts and shifts
for movement, time-based flow diagrams are employed
direction in its meander across the site.
to test and assess the performance of the site’s internal circulatory network, direct the detail design of its public
Overlaid on the primary circulation spine are a series
spaces and promote their activation. These diagrams map the
of smaller pedestrian passages and micro-transit routes
choreography of the site’s occupation by a variety of distinct
that crisscross the site, penetrating the ground floor of the
users in relation to the range of programmed activities and
campus buildings while increasing the overall permeability
events offered at the university and the different temporal
of the territory. While the main central spine acts as an
rhythms and intervals that define them. This choreography
edge to define the boundaries of individual building plots
is exposed through layered notational fields designating
and connect the major outdoor plazas, these passages cut
the shifting swarms of students and other users populating
across building plots to provide a more complex secondary
distinct territories, on the one hand, and undulating vectors
circulation network used to link the campus periphery and
indexing the dominant directional flows of bodies on the
center and further activate the sequential series of public
campus, on the other. These indexes trace immaterial events
plazas. This connective intricate mesh of pedestrian passages
that refer to the future “life” of the campus, revealing, through
weaving across the terrain also operates as a strategic device
their graphic manifestation, the density, distribution and
to further urbanize the site by establishing directives and
spatialization of anticipated activities on site and the larger
locations to cleave through and therefore break down
programmatic field to which the architecture of public plazas,
each of the campus buildings into a multiplicity of smaller
infrastructures and open spaces must respond.
9:00 BEGINN STUDIENTAG
13:00 MITTAGSPAUSE
17:00 SUBZENTREN UNI-CAMPUS
20:00 ABENDS
Individual movement flows as articulation for the architectures 73
Programmatic Constellations
The Library and Learning Center designed by Zaha
The organizational concept of the Vienna University of
Hadid Architects—as the most significant conceptual and
Economics and Business is focused on the creation of
programmatic hub of the campus—occupies the center,
departments, which are further assembled into six larger
offering state-of-the-art research, study and learning facilities
building complexes distributed evenly across the campus.
that are permanently open (24/7) and available for student
Each of these buildings houses complementary departments
and faculty use. The Departments 1 / Teaching Center
in
Business,
adjacent to this, designed by BUSarchitektur, forms the heart
Communications and Management to Finance and Economic
of communication for the university supporting lecture and
Policy, while also providing special functions such as the
seminar spaces as well as a large auditorium for university and
libraries, lecture halls, and executive academy, and externally-
public use. And diagonally opposite, to the southwest of this
run services such as the fitness center and kindergarten that
complex, lies the locus for research and special libraries. As a
act to identify, brand and characterize the architecture of
critical directive of the Master Plan, each of the buildings was
individual building complexes. The intention is to concentrate
attributed a set of programmatic “identity traits” associated
related and mutually beneficial functions into larger identifiable
with their special functions that were used to not only
wholes while simultaneously dispersing these consistently
distinguish and direct the architectural development of each
across the site to produce a balanced, yet multi-scaled field
distinct component of the campus, but also typologically
of diverse, yet equally activated programs. In addition to the
characterize and brand the programmatic activities to be
educational departments and special functions, each building
allocated to their adjacent public plazas and, by extension, to
complex also houses a series of support programs, such as
also brand, render public and activate the campus as a whole.
programs
ranging
from
International
bookstores, copy shops, small retail outlets and cafés as well as lounges, study areas and seminar rooms generating a finer-
The layering of these distinct programmatic fields produces a
grained field of educational, recreational and commercial
dynamic spatial matrix that attempts to unify a heterogeneous
nuclei that are scattered throughout the university.
aggregation of elements by balancing the overall density, scale and intensity of functions and events across the campus, while still respecting and promoting the identity and specific figuration of each. Field conditions operate through strategies of dispersion and accumulation, on the one hand, and local interconnectivity on the other. The former is assured by the widespread dispersion and strategic layering of programs to promote the site’s full activation, while the latter was instigated
Comprehensive Master Plan stimulating the Campus definition 74
Internal and external relationships as a Hardware for the Buildings
by the Master Plan Rulebook for the building plots that was
overall unity, by foregrounding a set of local programmatic
given to each architectural team, with the explicit intention
and syntactical spatial attributes for each of the building
of establishing programmatic synergies, highlighting critical
plots to be responded to in the architecture for each building.
interfaces in relation to function, space, and site at the ground level, and promoting intricate local interconnectivities
The rulebook operates as a non-spatial communication
between the buildings, the university campus, and the larger
device that attempts to codify a limited set of programmatic
urban context.
signifiers and spatial relationships into hieroglyphic ideograms—symbols intended to compress fragments of
MASTER PLAN RULEBOOKS
local spatial syntax into communicative signifiers—that
AND NOTATIONAL TACTICS
are then distributed as a field of information in relation
Rulebooks and the Hieroglyphic Field
to a planimetric drawing of each building plot. Here, the
Although contained within the physical parameters of a
architectural surface of the site operates almost like a map
highly defined overarching geometrical schema of plots,
or interactive game board to which these hieroglyphic
the flexibility provided by each plot and the potential
symbols are applied. What is of interest are the categories of
three-dimensional volumetric zone for building—each
information that are considered to be important, the ways in
of which essentially defined only the maximum limits of
which these are signified, the implicit rules that determine
a boundary and not its specific form or configuration—
the location and distribution of signifiers (and the signifies
loosened the context that had initially assured the part-to-
to which these refer) across this game board, and the new
whole subordination given by the Master Plan parcelization
field conditions—the patterns of relationships—that their
strategy. The Master Plan Rulebook thus acted as a
frequency, proximity, distribution and layering produce.
complement to the larger architectural design of the site
Although intrinsically non-spatial, the rulebook paradoxically
and its extensive use of geometric relationships to preserve
generates
symbols—cartoon-like
pictograms—that
are
75
themselves signifiers of generic spatial conditions. These
one hand, and non-formal types of information are codified
notational icons initially divide up the boundless material
on the other, the notational structure employed by BUS in the
continuity of the real into discrete intervals and elementsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;
rule book is expanded to include a wide range of spatial and
abstractions of context, spaces and eventsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;that are then
non-spatial referents. In the diagramming and symbolization
used to define a limited typological range of conditions to
of architectural objects, bodies and spaces in familiar code/
be addressed. These are used to rarefy the specific conditions
rule books such as Graphic Standards for architects, for
found on site into universal spatial attributes and relationships
example, the amount of information preserved is what is
while simultaneously limiting the perceptual and material
minimally necessary to ensure that the symbol will function
range of distinct conditions into a closed set of related types.
to communicate, and that it will provide a scaled graphic to
In the absence of being able to directly design the entire
which anthropometric and other data can be attached. In the
project, this is essentially a strategic device employed by
case of the Master Plan Rulebook for the campus, however,
BUS to augment the Master Plan so that it includes, and also
there is little relevance to the scale or organizational structure
communicates, critical spatial and architectural attributes
of the symbol, but rather to the value attributed to the spatial
and to ensure that these are adopted and embedded in the
or programmatic condition that it signifies, the clarity of
final architectural design of each of the buildings on the
its ability to communicate, and its interactive placement
campus. These mapped notations therefore determine,
in relation to the boundaries of the plot and other symbols
not only an explicit highly selective set of conditions and
within the mapped surface of the site.
concerns, but also a specific and implicit set of hierarchies in relation to content, that are used to focus and direct
For the rulebook, three broader categories define the sets
the design process.
of relationships between context, architectural space and programming used to direct the development of each
Although this might be akin to the ways in which, non-
building site: 1. Characteristics of the Neighborhood; 2. Identity
spatial functions are symbolized and communicated on the
Traits; and 3. Interfaces. The first of these, which is divided into
Indoors and outdoors relations as Hardware for the buildings 76
three subsets, reveals the existing or desired interrelation of
relative degrees of autonomy or interrelatedness of each of
each building plot with its environs as a way of summarizing
these special functions by establishing whether or not these
the contextual qualities of the local site. The initial subset of
are shared by different populations across the campus; and
this first category reiterates the conceptual importance of the
defining whether or not the programmed spaces at the edges
urban/nature dyad and attempts to describe the potential
of building plots are architecturally contained or relatively
relationship between campus buildings and green space
open in relation to neighboring buildings on site.
by characterizing five typological mixtures located along a spectrum from the dense urbanity of the city to the natural
The emphasis of the final conceptual category of this rulebook
environment of the park. Following this, the second subset
is the development of the ground floor of each building plot
refers specifically to visual and physical access to the Prater
to ensure that the critical import of this continuous public
in terms of partial, elevated, contained, or direct views on the
landscape—its relationship to infrastructural networks,
one hand, and degrees and types of access on the other. The
programmatic
third subset classifies design directives for building envelopes
consistently and repeatedly emphasized. Entitled Interface
by defining their permeability and orientation in terms of
Areas, this component of the rulebook defines the localized
desired access to views and requirements for solar shading.
flows of bodies, goods and vehicles in relation to individuated
distribution
and
spatial
interfaces—is
building plots by designating specific locations for entry areas The second category within the Master Plan Rulebook is
as well as a hierarchy of public transit routes and smaller
programmatically focused, both defining and highlighting
secondary passages through, toward and adjacent to buildings,
the special functions that are allocated to different buildings
in addition to establishing opportunities to underscore
and establishing directives as to how these functions might
spatial flows between inside and outside, or underneath and
be used to characterize and brand each building. This is
across buildings. The reframing of these at the scale of the
accomplished by recommending that individual works of
building plots enables new structures and relationships to be
architecture act as expressive “image carriers” specifying
foregrounded, in particular the continuities yet asymmetries
their effect on adjacent public plazas and
that exist across the plots as these are focused toward the public
designating the specific distinguishing
domain of the spine and interconnected plazas. Lastly, but
programmatic
of
equally importantly, it classifies and establishes directives for
each of these plazas; determining the
locating six key programmatic typologies—educational areas
nature, visibility and legibility of these
that include seminar rooms, auditoria, libraries, and study
programmatic brands in relation to the
areas, and support functions that include cafés/eateries and
campus as a whole; determining the
commercial outlets—to be potentially used by the university
characteristics
77
and/or the public-at-large. The emphasis on these programs
the design of the system and its methodologies as the design
is in their potential to be exploited as critical activators of
of the objects and spaces to which these refer.
the ground floor of the campus and the importance of the
In the first case, and against the backdrop of semiotics, we
larger populations both within and outside the campus
are reminded of the limitations of signifying systems (as
that they support.
elucidated by de Saussure and Pierce, for example), where, with reference to non-formally motivated symbols, if the
Although spatial in reference, yet non-spatial in nature, these
relationship between signifier and signified is arbitrary, it
notational symbols take on new value when they are allocated,
therefore must not only be fixed but also be learned. Thus,
or perhaps “re-spatialized,” across the maps of the site, marking
in the absence of adopting a set of standards drawn from
points—loosely defined loci rather than specific geo-spatial
existing architectural conventions or a shared system of
references—that signify critical relationships or directives to
language, on the one hand, and the less pictographic the
be architecturally engaged. The rule book is both extremely
attributes of the symbols themselves (in the sense of being
creative in its expansion of typical master planning strategies
figurative or representational) on the other, the more these
and highly valuable in intention and content, however, it is
notational devices become dependent on the interpretive
also prudent to note that the opportunities and challenges
key and the capacity of the reader to be able to decode and
of this system are evident in
decipher their signifying intent in order to function. The
three critical ways. First, in the
moment that these become perceived as opaque markers,
capacity of the icon to readily
which becomes more dominant as the number of layers of
communicate
intention
information and density of fields are increased, is thereby
and content; second, by the
the same moment that the location and relationship of
notational device’s resistance
elements and patterning of the field, subsumes the requisite
to geometric specificity and
transparency of the sign and its role as a communicative
locational ambiguity in relation to either the map of the
device. This doubling of the function of the sign is, however,
building plot or the virtual architectural envelope to which
critical to its operation as it oscillates between signification
it refers; and third, through the complexity of superimposed
and spatial notation, relinquishing its capacity for reference
symbols and the importance of the field conditions and the
in order to foreground the perceived density, porosity and
patterns that they produce in relation to the organizational
distribution of the field.
interface areas
its
structure of the total design of the campus. Although these
78
collectively refer to the techniques of the rulebook rather
In the second case, although the strategy of locating the
than its content, a master plan’s efficacy is as much a result of
icon is highly effective when its referent is point-based, that
of a point of entry, the view from the corner of a building or a discrete element such as a lighting pole, security camera or a centered cluster of furniture, its limitations become evident when used to denote the qualities of linear interfaces such as the conditions of a faรงade, or
strategy
diagrammatic
is, used to notate the relative location
that is highly defined in its architectural configuration and organizational geometry, yet unbound and limitless in terms of the number of layers that constitute its geological strata on the one hand, and the density of information that might be contained within the superimposed fields defining the constellations of a single layer, on the other. The fields and flows that traverse these planes, which emphasize the varied placements, movements and relationships between bodies,
those with extended surface and spatial
elements and spaces rather than their figuration, and the
attributes. Although these conditions are
sheer number of conceptual and physical concerns that they
comprehensively and graphically defined elsewhere within
address (which extend from the definition of ecological
the Master Plan, the decision to employ a notational device
attributes to fire prevention strategies) expose the success
to signify spatial qualities within the building plot rulebook
of the technique and its importance as a strategy. Inclusive
rather than geometry, is perhaps strategic in that it enables
rather than exclusive by nature, this diagrammatic strategy
relationships to be suggested without architectural figuration,
enables the Master Plan to assemble a wide array of seemingly
suppressing the configurative particularity of form-based
unrelated elements and comprehensively integrate these into
codes that might too easily reify the design process (and be
a cohesive whole.
seen to conflate the Master Plan with the end result) while still enabling the inclusion of a specific array of spatial attributes
Typological Taxonomies and Regulatory Addenda
to direct the final architectural design. In the end, this should
The final two critical elements of the Master Plan are given by
be understood as a flexible and inclusive device to support
a catalog of typological design standards that are used to guide
the range of authors contributing to the development of the
the space planning of the departments, and the architectural
architecture of the campus.
manual developed for each of the architectural teams that summarizes important Viennese building regulations
Finally, the importance of the layering of multiple fields of
applicable to the campus Master Plan and its larger context
information and the attention paid to the patterns that they
of urban zoning requirements. These guidelines, which
produce on site, as a methodology that is used both within
frame the legal requirements to be fulfilled in order to obtain
the rulebook and throughout the Master Plan, cannot be
building permits, operate to communicate to an international
overemphasized. As a diagrammatic strategy it supports the
set of architects, non-negotiable code requirements in relation
concept of the Master Plan as emerging from a layered structure
to building classifications and area, envelopes and frontage,
79
floor to floor restrictions, and general provisions for energy
organized set of strategies to be incorporated across the
efficiency, mechanical stability, fire protection, acoustic
whole campus, but also attempts to locally bring consistency
insulation, universal access and safety, hygiene, health and
to the whole by limiting the range of architectural differences
environmental protection that govern the architecture of this
within those components of the campus intended to act as a
specific zone, city and region.
backdrop to its more vital and celebrated traits. This operates to
develop
a
shared
spatial
The former of these, which is essential to the project, is a
language among the architectural
typological taxonomy that constitutes an attempt within the
teams
Master Plan to conceptually, architecturally and economically
their differences through the
emphasize, through the architectonic uniqueness of their
distinguished and iconic features
characterization, individual buildings such as the Library and
intended
typological taxonomy
while
to
also
supporting
characterize
the
spatial
language
Learning Center, Departments 1
special programmatic functions
/ Teaching Center, and Executive
within each building complex. This tactic tended to reduce
Academy, and programmatic
the potential “noise” given by competing authors and their
sub-components such as the
varied forms of expression on site, while also assuring that
research
the architectural design concepts of the Master Plan become
libraries,
institute, fitness
special and
pervasive—consistently embedded within the organization
support
and spatial articulation of each building and integrated
special functions for the university. This is achieved by
at all scales and degrees of design development. That the
ensuring that, on the one hand, these elements are “figured”
Master Plan is articulated at this level of design is extremely
against a ground that is organized through greater regularity,
commendable, fundamentally contributing to the overall
standardization and repetition, and on the other hand, that
architectural success of the project.
kindergarten,
center
that
the economic logic of this distribution ensures that the
80
efficiencies of standardization will facilitate the highlighting
In 2001 Liesbeth Waechter-Böhm published an article on
of, and economic investment in unique architectural
The Homeworkers project by BUSarchitektur entitled “How
features that will act as iconic emblems for the site. This
to build a contemporary City“ 6. She highlighted BUS’s
catalog of design standards, which specifically defines unit
capacity to offer urban spaces that combine values drawn
and aggregative organizational and spatial typologies for
from historic city models with contemporary forms of urban
offices, seminar rooms, lounge spaces, support areas and
living. She also advanced that the critical value of architecture
internal circulation infrastructure, not only ensures a highly
is not solely in the production of creative concepts, but in the
ability to translate these into inhabitable material realities that
specificity that has been invested at all stages of the project
support new programmatic trajectories. This is undoubtedly
to maintain its alignment while stimulating its evolutionary
one of the strengths of BUS’s approach to design that is
development, is an accomplishment that falls outside of
thoroughly evidenced in the Campus WU project. Despite
the traditional boundaries of master planning processes.
that the future activation and assessment of the programmatic
Theirs is an innovative diagram that reconceptualizes the
successes of the campus will ultimately fall to its users, it is
master plan as truly a living architectural body whose
clear that BUS has offered a highly successful, strategic and
growth and development indexes an ongoing negotiation
seminal model for master planning that reflects the firm’s
between the unfolding of a preconceived genetic code
equal commitment to methodological ingenuity, spatial
and the environmental material matrix within which it is
innovation and architectural craftsmanship, where attention
situated. It is thus not only an agent that precedes the making
to design detail is found to be pervasive at all scales and
of the work, by being set out in advance of the project, but
within all territories of the project. The term “master plan”
also finds itself developed over time—as a design would—
is perhaps a misnomer in that the complexity of operative
becoming more and more detailed until the intricacies of
interactive methodologies that BUS has set in place to
the framework itself find a one-to-one correspondence
advance the strategic goals of the project, their comprehensive
with the scale and specificity of the designs that they
multi-scaled approach, and the temporal, spatial and material
are intended to direct, and to which they ultimately refer.
* Ila Berman is a Director of Architecture at California College of the Arts Dr. Dipl. Ing. bei CCA Mona El Khafif is an Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Design and Project Coordinator of the new CCA URBANlab.
1
Christa Reicher, Staedtebauliches Entwerfen, Vieweg + Teubner, 2012, p. 184-187
2
Oliver Frey / Florian Koch, Positionen zur Urbanistik. Impulse zur Weiterentwicklung der Stadt- und Raumforschung durch die interdisziplinäre Zusammenführung raumbezogener Wissenschaften, in Oliver Frey/ Florian Koch (Hersg.), Positionen zur Urbanistik 1: Stadtkultur und neue Methoden der Stadtforschung, Lit Verlag, 2011, p. 26-27
3
City of Vienna, Kabelwerk. A Development Process as a Model. State of the Art, Vienna, 2004, p. 51
4
City of Vienna, Kabelwerk. A Development Process as a Model. State of the Art, Vienna, 2004, p. 106-107
5
City of Vienna, Kabelwerk. A Development Process as a Model. State of the Art, Vienna, 2004, p. 108-109
6
Liesbeth Waechter-Böhm, Wie man heute eine Stadt baut, in Spectrum, 29.12.2001, http://www.nextroom.at/building.php?id=86&sid=565
81
PROVIDE INSIGHT
INFORM Exhibition about the competition Campus WU - BIG Az W Architecture Center of Vienna 21st May 2009
ARCHITECTURE SHOULD ENCOURAGE SOCIAL INTERACTION BY CREATING NETWORKS AND GIVING M
Compilation by Daniela Kobel, BUSarchitektur Vienna – 18.07.2013
TRANSMITTING IDEAS
ENGAGE IN CONVERSATION
OMENTUM TO DEVELOPMENT
RANDOMNESS
PLAYING FROM THE INSIDE
OPERATIONAL RANDOMNESS
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IN AN INTERACTIVE URBANISM
7KH Ă&#x203A;FWLRQ RI D SOD\HU SURYLGHV XV ZLWK D SDWK WR UHFRJQLWLRQ of and liberation from the everydayness of production. The random exchange of roles encourages interrelation during the development of projects, creating dynamic simulation systems. The results form an â&#x20AC;&#x153;open-thinkingâ&#x20AC;? space, seemingly both multioptional and interactive. PARALLEL WORLDS Interactions and operational randomness %86DUFKLWHNWXU %2$ RIĂ&#x203A;FH IRU DGYDQFHG UDQGRPQHVV KDYH ZRUNHG RQ WKH SURMHFW IRU WKH QHZ 9LHQQD 8QLYHUVLW\ RI (FRQRPLFV DQG %XVLQHVV VLQFH ZKHQ WKH\ ZRQ WKH q,QWHUQDWLRQDO Competition for the Master Plan and Executive Project of &DPSXV :8r 7KH HIIRUWV DQG ZRUN SHUIRUPHG DUH SDUDOOHO ZRUOGV LQ ZKLFK WKH UROHV RI WKH WHDP PHPEHUV FRPSOHPHQW each other at every stage of the process. â&#x20AC;˘ Role 1: Integral Master Plan: Realistic Utopias Speciality â&#x20AC;˘ Role 2: Systems and Performance: the Art of Constructing Speciality â&#x20AC;˘ Role 3: Visions and Architecture: Architectural Design Speciality â&#x20AC;˘ Role 4: Communication and documentation: Comprehensive Multimedia Specialty
84
intervene in the development of structures
to thinking laterally in all social settings,
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alternative processes and interrelating
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REAL EXPERIENCES 6WUDWHJLF DFWLRQLVP FDQ EH ZRUWK D WKRXVDQG ZRUGV LQ RUGHU WR LQLWLDWH SURFHVVHV IRU SDUWLFLSDWLQJ DQG WDNLQJ RZQHUVKLS RI WKH QHZ &DPSXV :8 LQ 9LHQQD INTEGRAL MASTER PLAN FOR TRANSFORMING A DISUSED AREA 6WUDWHJLHV IRU HQFRXUDJLQJ SDUWLFLSDWLRQ DQG WDNLQJ RZQHUVKLS in Campus WU communication: The challenge of spaces for
Urban configurator: Tablet Off • Urban configurator: Tablet On
2012 Actors: Workers at Zaha Hadid’s girder lifting • 2012 Realities: LC Girder lifting
freedom in a 24/7 campus facing Vienna’s Prater Park.
HOW TO MOBILISE THE UNIVERSITY ? .AIDBSHUD Ø To develop communication tools that enable the academic community to comprehend architecture’s cryptic language and evaluate the spatial qualities of inhabiting. OOQN@BG Ø&RQÛJXUDWRUV OOKHB@SHNM Ø 7KH MXU\pV ZRUN LQ WKH VWDJH RI WKH XUEDQ DQG architectural international competitions.
Infopoint exhibition with politicians, 30.09.2010 â&#x20AC;˘ Infopoint guided tour for the population â&#x20AC;˘ Explanations overlooking the site for the public administration
HOW TO MOBILISE THE CITY OF VIENNA ? By managing to communicate that the â&#x20AC;&#x153;object of desireâ&#x20AC;? can have as much added value for the immediate area, as for the city and the country DV D ZKROH WKHUHE\ HQDEOLQJ FRPSOHPHQWDU\ ZRUN
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%\ GHYHORSLQJ DSSOLFDWLRQV IRU SKRQHV DQG WDEOHWV DV ZHOO DV FUHDWLQJ WKH H[SHULHQFH RI QHZ UROHV HPERGLHG LQ D GLJLWDO Time Machine installation. Visits in 15 days: 2,850 students and professors. The rector of the Vienna University of Economics and Business next to a student, â&#x20AC;&#x153;travels through timeâ&#x20AC;? and â&#x20AC;&#x153;changes his role at Campus WUâ&#x20AC;?.
88
CountDOWN: The rector and the time-machine â&#x20AC;˘ CountDOWN: WU time machine today - detail â&#x20AC;˘ CountDOWN: WU time machine today - global
HOW TO MOBILISE THE STUDENTS ?
HOW TO MOBILISE THE ARCHITECTS ? 3HULRGLF H[KLELWLRQV GRFXPHQWDWLRQ ZHE FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG
Infopoint: Animation WU booking system â&#x20AC;˘ Architectural biennial BA11: Interactions
Exhibition at the Cultural Center of Architecture: the Architects â&#x20AC;˘ Exhibition at the Cultural Center of Architecture: the Students
guided tours.
HOW TO MOBILISE THE NEIGHBOURHOOD ? .AIDBSHUD Ă&#x2DC;Ă&#x2DC;7R FUHDWH D EULGJH EHWZHHQ YLUWXDO UHDOLW\ DQG WKH OLYH construction project by using interactive panorama applications for digital tablets. In each phase there are project animations for on-going communication. OOQN@BG Ă&#x2DC;Ă&#x2DC;Panoramas and animations. OOKHB@SHNM Ă&#x2DC; Â&#x2022; VSDWLDO SDQRUDPDV ZLWK LQVWDQWDQHRXV LQWHUDFWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH GLIIHUHQW VSDWLDO ZRUOGV
Laura P. Spinadel BOA office for advanced randomness, Vienna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2013
89
proportions
circulation network
architectural competition 1
walk along park
building plots
density height
landscape concept
green border
zoning requirements
urban campus urban development concept connections
prater access
mass
visual
orientation
identity
architectural competition 2
spacing cubic capacity
urban competition
passages interface zones
plazas
viertel 2 complex danube river vienna Fair (messe)
synergies/context stadium hotel residential area underground stations 1st district
boundaries
configurator
context
relationship architecture & public space paths plaza network
shadow survey
Flows
light comfort
Comfort
circulation
acoustic comfort weather conditions energy requirements
media
pedestrian flow
efficiency
Energy ventilation
elements
air
wind
simulations
water puddle scheme water collection
ground
water irrigation water post
infiltration concept groundwater
l
garage technical rooms delivery
lightwell
parking places decentralised waste disposal
benches private cars disabled load/unload
families/furniture
offices
infrastructure wall articulation wall construction technical devices articulation façade/flooring
learning
built area
services
guidelines
project Campus WU
project development optic
6 plazas urban relationships
axis neighbourhood characteristics
6 plots
signage
costs
tactil
video surveillance
hoarding
visual relationships
building site permeability and orientation
2
standardization
building site cameras
façade cleaning
bicycle facilities
Interface areas
materials
design standards delivery areas
parameters
workshops
identity traits
design concepts
Az W exhibition
corporate identity infopoint countdown
interactive homepage fire protection
ground floor functions
Safety
special functions 24/7
emergency exits
Functions technology
safety zones
evacuation strategy
maintenance ground load capacity
event areas
supply and waste management
Logistics
controlled exits
motorized transport
guidance system
advertisement space
transit routes
Universal Design barrier free
illumination simulations
light façade
luminaries
building envelope
andscape central axis bicycle paths topography smoking areas trees location
department 1/teaching center
food court department teaching center
structure transitions interaction aula/forum plaza
continuity public space/terraces space in-between for communication
FLOWS
Of the many subject areas studied by BUSarchitektur as part of
SPATIAL CONTINUITY FOR PEDESTRIANS
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principle suggests various public space functions and uses,
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to an integral spatial reality.
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perforations), spatial necessities and thermo gravimetric
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COSTS
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Amount of hours facades are exposed to sun during summer - North view
Amount of hours facades are exposed to sun during winter - South view
Amount of hours facades are exposed to sun during winter - From above
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BUILDING COOLING
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construction site resources are optimally integrated.
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â&#x20AC;˘ Creation of a tool to evaluate any given solution.
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â&#x20AC;˘ Analysis of variants stemming from different hypotheses.
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MAKING VISIBLE
NATURAL LIGHT, EXTRACTED LIGHT
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, CONSTRUCTED LIGHT
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that makes up the Campus WU project site in order to meet its basic
With an average of 5.3 daylight hours per day throughout the
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is mostly vegetation in nature and that hosts bicycle parking and various sporting areas; and secondly the route crossing the Campus
Campus WUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s logistics force the public space to accept a
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differences. The projection of light is diffuse and spreads out over
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manner: The green ring, aimed at pedestrians and cyclists, is
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or glare effects that might make the user feel insecure. The lighting
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also avoids light pollution by taking care not to project light over
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threshold, situated in front of the Prater Parkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s natural space. This
treatments, thereby making the most of the minimal differences
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WHAT IS ILLUMINATION?
Marked differentiation in light temperatures between spaces
Temptation to linger in attractive spaces for resting and exercising
Lightwells for accessing the underground parking area
Luminaries Type 1 2/35W/8320 HC I-T; Lph~5,5m
Illumination of elements located in the different open spaces
Manuel MartĂnez, BUSarchitektur Vienna, 02.07.2013
106
To make recognition simpler, lighting in the bicycle parking
substantial energy saving in comparison to conventional lighting
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been increased to 4,000k in the sporting areas. These measures
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orientation more intuitive.
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The main lighting for the route across Campus is directly projected
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the lighting directly into the building faรงades or attics. The post lights
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to illuminate used surfaces. The lights embedded in pavements
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are of minimal potency to avoid glare. They also function as a
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signalling device in order to improve accessibility and orientation.
in the inner areas have a height of 4.5m and alternate asymmetrical
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foliation periods. This avoids unnecessary light diffusion during
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character and differentiated atmosphere, each capable of offering
autumn, light came to mind;
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darkness. This type of lighting seeks to highlight the architectural
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qualities of the structures, both in the hope of encouraging use of
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the orientation system.
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DUWLร FLDO OLJKW Simply because light is inherent to our existence; it is the vehicle
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appreciate it. 107
10 General Plan
Wiesflecker / Johannes Wiesflecker mit Baumanagement Oswald / Otmar Oswald
CAMPUS WU COMPETITION < 1ST ROUND > AUGUST 2008
Flatz_architects + Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu mit Idealice Landschaftsarchitektur Martin Flatz Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu
< WINNER >MAY 2008
< 2ND ROUND > APRIL 2008
17
pool Architektur/ Schwalm-Theiss & Bresich
General Section
06
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Heinle Wischer
ARGE Flatz_architects + Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu mit Idealice Landschaftsarchitektur Mag. Arch. Martin Flatz Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu ZT GmbH
19 Architekt Dipl.-Ing. Herbert Bohrn Ziviltechniker
14
MASTER PLAN COMPETITION WINNER
General Ground Floor Plan
AH 3 Architekten Franz Architekten
16
Project Images
ARGE Zinganel / Peter Zinganel
17
General Section
ARGE Flatz_architects + Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu mit Idealice Landschaftsarchitektur Mag. Arch. Martin Flatz Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu ZT GmbH
03 Architects Collective / FCP
23
09
3RD PRIZE
General Plan
BUSarchitektur & partner Mag. Arch. Arq. Laura P. Spinadel Dipl.-Ing. Ewald Pachler Wien
Manfred Maximilian Rieder / Erich Wagner
24 Walter Stelzhammer, Rainer Pirker, Peter Weber Axis Ingenieurleistungen Ortfried Friedrich
23
23
BUSarchitektur & partner Mag. Arch. Arq. Laura P. Spinadel Dipl.-Ing. Ewald Pachler Wien
BUSarchitektur & partner Laura P. Spinadel / Ewald Pachler
12
General Plan
Caramel architekten architekten katherl.haller.aspetsberger
General Section
08
General Ground Floor Plan
08
Berger+Parkkinen Architekten Ziviltechniker
Berger+Parkkinen Architekten Ziviltechniker GmbH Wien
01
MASTER PLAN GOALS FOR THE CAMPUS WU
Project Images
PLOT SETTINGS
23
ARGE WUW Beier + Beck Architekten/ Meinhardt Fulst / Gerald Hannemann
04 ZT Arquitectos
EXECUTIVE ACADEMY
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NEIGHBOURHOOD CHARACTERISTICS
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21
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07 Holzbauer & Partner Ziviltechnikergesellschaft
23
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Birken Cafe
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13 Bietergemeinschaft Berthold + Priebernig M. Berthold Priebernig.P Architekten + Ingenieure
11 DI Markus Pernthaler Architekt
08
2ND PRIZE
Berger+Parkkinen Architekten Ziviltechniker GmbH Wien
General Plan Deubzer König u. Assoziierte – Deubzer König Architekten / M+M AG / GSE Ingenieurgesellschaft / Landschaftsarchitekt Louafi
4TH PRIZE
Oberst & Kohlmayer GmbH Generalplaner Stuttgart
ACCESS FOR TRUCKS AND CARS LECTURE HALL CENTRE
ACCESS FROM THE EAST
6
BUSarchitektur & partner Mag. Arch. Arq. Laura P. Spinadel Dipl.-Ing. Ewald Pachler Wien
Mascha & Seethaler
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Holzbauer & Partner Ziviltechnikergesellschaft mbH Wien
07
ACCESS TO VIERTEL ZWEI QUARTER
DEPARTMENTS
CATERING
Trabrennstrasse
MASTER PLAN COMPETITION < 1ST ROUND > MARCH 2008
18
Dietrich|Untertrifaller Architekten Terry Pawson Architects thoma architekten und K.L.P. Claus en Kaan Architecten Zechner & Zechner Froetscher Lichtenwagner Léon Wohlhage Wernik Gesellschaft von Architekten Florian Nagler Architekten Glaser Architekten smc Alsop Architekten Schmidt – Schicketanz und Partner Nickl & Partner Architekten AG Architektur Consult ASP Architekten Schneider Meyer Partner Architekturbüro Pittino & Ortner Gerber Architekten Ir Wiel Arets Architect and Associates bv Saucier + Perrotte Architectes Josep Llinás i Carmona, Jürgen Hauck – hjp Peter Kaschnig Syntax Architektur – Barth Spauwen + Partner KMT / n-o-m-a-d NMPB Architekten Ernst Maurer manzl ritsch sandner architekten Szyszkowitz-Kowalski + Partner Johannes Wiesflecker Caramel architekten architekten katherl.haller. aspetsberger Francesco Fresa / Piuarch s.r.l. Christ & Gantenbei Architekten NO.MAD Arquitectos, S.L.P. CRABstudio Ventura – Cerdá – Alcantud Architects Poos Isensee Architekten BDA Oberst & Kohlmayer Fashion Architecture Taste Eric Owen Moss Architects Heneghan Peng Architects B4FS Stephenson-Bell / Arch. Mossburger Stephenson-Bell, Architects & Planners Holzbauer + Partner Architekten Sam / Ott-Reinisch Wolfgang Tschapeller MGF Architekten Kronaus - Luger & Maul Staab Architekten kleyer.koblitz.letztel. freivogel gesellschaft von architekten Hong Architekten Planungsgesellschaft Odile Decq Benoit Cornette Architects and Planners Hopkins Architects Vazquez Consuegra Arquitectos Beier + Beck Architekten Nieto Sobejano Arquitectos Jockers Architekten Giencke & Company pointner|pointner Architekten Zinterl Architekten und Arquitectos Zinterl Architekten ZT Arquitectos Riegler Riewe Architekten Grüntuch Ernst Planungsges.otmarhaslerarchitektur Günter Hermann Architekten Ursula Wilms – Heinle, Wischer und Partner Freie Architekten Berger+Parkkinen Architekten Ziviltechniker hke architekten Architekt Martin Kohlbauer querkraft architekten Van der Donk Architekt Georg Driendl / driendl*architects Massimiliano Fuksas Architetto ThomasMüllerIvanReimann Enno Schneider Architekten ARGE as-if / raumzeit Architekten as-if Architekten raumzeit Estudio Carme Pinós Behnisch Architekten Barkow Leibinger Architekten HMC Architects Reiser + Umemoto, RUR Architecture PC zurückgezogen Atelier Hitoshi Abe Greg Lynn FORM Flores & Prats architects Thom Mayne / Morphosis Architects Hermann + Valentiny und Architekt Podsedensek Werkstatt Grinzing – Architektur, Generalplanung, Design & Umwelt, Controlling, Projektentwicklung Architekt Zieser raum-werk-stadt architekten Treusch architecture Andreas Treusch Lakonis Architekten ARGE Knötzl / Knechtl Architekturstudio Bulant & Wailzer Herbert Bohrn Rudolf Prohazka Jürgen Mayer H., Freier Architekt Zaha Hadid Architects AllesWirdGut Architects Collective und Architekturbüro Müller & Klinger pool Architektur Kaufmann - Wanas Architekten Moser Architekten Söhne & Partner – Freudensprung S+P Architekten Freudensprung Engineering Adrian-Martin Bucher Weinmiller Architekten – Gesine Weinmiller / Michael Großmann Boris Podrecca Hawlik + Huss + Hoppe Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes Marte Marte Architekten Totengasse 18 Flatz Architects + Architekturbüro Zeytinoglu Consulting/Engineering Brus / Planet+ esc. Klaus Kada Teilnehmer Albert Wimmer frauen bauen . urban Max Dudler Architekt Teilnehmer Iroje Architects & Planners kister scheithauer gross Architekten und Stadtplaner Tony Fretton Architects NL Architects LABB Arquitectura / Cristina Fernandez + Markus Lauber Sébastien Duron Schilling Architekten – Johannes Schilling, Architekten BDA Christine Hawley Architects UCL Bevk Perovic Arhitekti D.O.O. MVRDV DAP Studio / Elena Sacco - Paolo Danelli Atelier d’Architecture Chaix et Morel et Associés PPAG Architects Architekten Dietrich – Hanisch – Lang Prof. Hans Hollein Talik Chalabi Zeininger Architekten Neumann + Partner Architekt Heinz Neumann Asymptote Architecture Studio Daniel Libeskind
EA/D4-01
EA/D4-02
EA/D4-03
EA/D4-01 NO.MAD Arquitectos, S.L.P. – Eduardo Arroyo Madrid
EA/D4-02 Ir Wiel Arets Architect and Associates bv Maastricht
EA/D4-04
EA/D4-05
EA/D4-03 Holzbauer + Partner ZT-GmbH Wien
EA/D4-06 EA/D4-04 Estudio Carme Pinós S.L. Barcelona
D3 AD-01
EA/D4-05 AllesWirdGut ZT GmbH Wien
D3 AD-02
D3 AD-03
EA/D4-06 Max Dudler Architekt Berlin
D3 AD-04
EA/D4 D3 AD-05
LC-01
LC-02
D2 SC-01 Atelier Hitoshi Abe Sendai Miyagi
LC-03
LC-04
D2 SC-02 Josep Llinás i Carmona, Architect Barcelona
LC-05
D2 SC-03 Greg Lynn FORM Venice USA
D2 SC-01
D2 SC-04 Bevk Perovic Arhitekti D.O.O. Ljubljana
D2 SC-02
D2 SC-03
D2 SC-05 Giencke & Company Graz
D2 SC-04
D2 SC-05
D2 SC-06 querkraft architekten ZT-GmbH Wien
D2 SC-06
D2 SC D1 TC-01
D3 AD-01 Vazquez Consuegra Arquitectos SL Sevilla
D3 AD-02 Eric Owen Moss Architects Culver City
EA/D4-03 Holzbauer + Partner ZT-GmbH Wien D3 AD-01 Vazquez Consuegra Arquitectos SL Sevilla
D3 AD-04 Wolfgang Tschapeller ZT GmbH Wien
D3 AD-05 Dietmar Feichtinger Architectes Wien
CAMPUS WU EA-01 NO.MAD Arquitectos, Eduardo Arroyo Madrid
3rd PRIZE
The new Vienna University of Economics and Business has been designed as an extraordinary campus, an oasis with pavilions in a university garden, surrounded by green open spaces. It is a special place that has to be discovered individually. Conceived as a Walk Along Park, it connects a sequence of plazas which turn every educational path into one of experience - a path of wonders.
2nd PRIZE EA/D4-04 Estudio Carme Pinós S.L. Barcelona
D3 AD-03 CRABstudio London D3 AD-02 Eric Owen Moss Architects Culver City
2nd PRIZE
< WINNERS > NOVEMBER 2008
< 2ND ROUND > OCTOBER 2008
EA/D4-01 NO.MAD Arquitectos, S.L.P. Eduardo Arroyo Madrid
D4-04 Estudio Carme Pinós Barcelona
3rd PRIZE
With its very special atmosphere expressed in the pictorial language of architecture, it is a unique place of research and education. Each building has its own character, and the entire six-building complex is a landmark that shall shine far beyond the boundaries of the city. A fascinating architectural space is now emerging.
D3 AD-03 CRABstudio London D3 AD-03 CRABstudio London
D3 AD LC-01 Thom Mayne / Morphosis Architects Santa Monica
LC-02 Zaha Hadid Architects Hamburg
LC-01 Thom Mayne / Morphosis Architects Santa Monica
2nd PRIZE
LC-02 Zaha Hadid Architects Hamburg
LC-02 Zaha Hadid Architects Hamburg
LC-03 Massimiliano Fuksas Architetto Roma
01.10.2007 09.05.2008
D2 SC-01 Atelier Hitoshi Abe Sendai Miyagi LC-04 Prof. Hans Hollein Wien
LC-04 Prof. Hans Hollein Wien
Campus WU Project Schedule
3rd PRIZE
June 2008 16.12.2008 January 2009 D2 SC-02 Josep Llinás i Carmona, Architect Barcelona
3rd PRIZE D2 SC-01 Atelier Hitoshi Abe Sendai Miyagi
LC-05 Univ. Prof. Arch. DI Klaus Kada Graz
Spring 2009 Autumn 2009 2009 2012/2013
Decision on the location at Vienna Fair and Südportalstraße Decision of the Jury in the competition for full construction project design services and award to BUSarchitektur - Architect Laura P. Spinadel Start of the competition: architectural design for four plots Announcement of the winners of the architectural competition Negotiations and award of contracts to architects, beginning of the planning stage Public exhibition of the competition projects Submission of submittal plans Commencement of ground works for the New Campus New Campus preparation for operation
New Location D2 SC-04 Bevk Perovic Arhitekti D.O.O. Ljubljana
LC
• Address: Südportalstraße/Rotundenplatz, 1020 Vienna • Total area: approx. 88,000m² • Length: approx. 560m, width between 150 and 210m • Transport links: U2 Messe Prater and Krieau subway stations • Sourrounding area: Vienna Fair, ViertelZwei and Prater
2nd PRIZE
Campus WU
D1 TC BUSarchitektur Wien
D1 TC
D1 TC BUSarchitektur Wien
D1 TC BUSarchitektur Wien
• Built-up area: approx. 25,000 m² • Net floorspace: approx. 92,000 m² • Open spaces accessible to the public: 63,000 m² • Five buildings grouped around the central Library & Learning Center • 3,000 workplaces for students New Type of Organisation: Projektgesellschaft A new course has been embarked upon in the realisation of the new Campus of the Vienna University of Economics and Business: Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien (WU) and Bundesimmobiliengesellschaft (BIG) jointly established Projektgesellschaft Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Neu GmbH for the construction and operation of the buildings.
Estoy haciendo una fiesta - con nadie mas I’m having a party, all by myself Having a party with no one else I asked myself at my very own party, “Where have you been all of my life?” She said to me, “You know, I’ve been right here. You haven’t bothered to see” So let’s have a little party, all by our selves Have a little party with no one else She said “You started a fire girl you’re crawling through the quagmire into the breeze. You started a fire girl now you can finally see the forest for the trees.” We’re having a party - me and myself Having a party with no one else! Some day we will be one and that’s when all the fun is going to start Some day we will be one - we’ll never know we were apart And I’ll have a little party - NOT by myself No quiero estar sola Have a little party with someone else!! Art of Roxane Legenstein
What are economies?
Having a Party
Courtesy of Laura Jean Thompson, from her album “River of Doubt”
WESTERN PANORAMIC VIEW DIFFERENT PLAZAS SNAPSHOTS
113
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SOUTHERN PANORAMIC VIEWS MAIN CENTRAL PLAZA SNAPSHOTS
EASTERN PANORAMIC VIEWS DIFFERENT PATHWAYS SNAPSHOTS
117
CAMPUS WU: FROM UTOPIA TO REALITY Fernando Diez*
When visiting Campus WU at the University of Vienna on
boundary for the great Prater park, honoring and enhancing
a rainy Sunday in June, we were presented with the near-
the green area with a fresh point of interest and movement
complete reality: this multifaceted project that combines
that, at the same time, promises to be permeable by
town planning, landscape and architecture is on the verge
accepting social interaction with the city. In doing so, the
of opening. The barely unfinished result, still empty for
promoters’ confidence in the public domain is revealed,
now, has a timeless quality like the feeling of time-standing-
as well as the designers’ ability to both contain and open
1
still we get at ancient ruins, as pointed out by Soane . This
up the university world. This is a crucial feature, which
highlights the importance of the relationships between the
leads us to consider the characteristics of a contemporary
place and the buildings, between the buildings themselves
university campus together with the close ties between
and between the different viewpoints they have. However,
the concept of education and the chosen urban and
above all, it draws attention to the organization that holds the
building design.
buildings together in a single larger whole – the urban plan that shapes the now visible new campus. Neither agora nor 2
Building a university campus, especially one conceived
acropolis , the Campus WU Master Plan keeps equidistant
as a unifying and foundational project by the educational
from both, revealing the different buildings’ individuality
institution, evokes the inspiration and promise of an ideal
and freedom, whilst simultaneously controlling the space
city, a sort of urban utopia capable of sustaining both a
between them, molding it into plazas and into a focal
community and an education, also visualized as utopias
journey. Campus blends in with the city while also acquiring
of self-improvement. The ex-novo concept and design,
its own distinctive identity.
of a small town built from scratch, is an opportunity to reconsider the possibilities and shifting challenges faced
118
This vision emphasizes the importance of the collective
by educational institutions. Therefore, all project decisions,
and establishes a new space in the city. It creates a new
whether urban, architectural or even stylistic and related
to architectural expression, will be considered as a way to
existing buildings, where Venturi and Scott-Brown, and later
express and interpret this ideal or even to promote it.
Machado and Silvetti, contributed works that demonstrate a contextual respect to precise stylistic, symbolic and
The cloister is the typological approach preferred by the
urbancircumstances 4. In contrast, an orchestral campus, to
cloistered convent, a statement of how vital quiet and privacy
be constructed simultaneously, is a unique challenge.
are to the idea of study understood as a concentration exercise that requires isolation. The cloister approach also,
The monastery cloister plan is noticeable on a large scale
probably, leads to a single building or superblock, in Alan
in some of America’s university campuses. From the first
3
words. Its self-contained character also
precursor in Thomas Jefferson’s University of Virginia,
suggests a single architect, invested with sovereign powers to
where the buildings are sewn together by Palladian galleries,
make decisions pertaining to both urban and architectural
the pattern expands until taking on unambiguously urban
projects, which have merged into one. At the opposite
proportions in the project designed in 1888 by Shepley, Rutan
extreme, spreading out buildings throughout a park enables
& Coolidge together
different architects to become the authors of each part. In
with
the modern tradition, the unity of the whole ensemble could
Olmsted for Stanford
only have been achieved by concentrating the design of all
University in California.
buildings in a single person, as we are reminded of so vividly
This approach is similar
by Niemeyer’s work as the exclusive author of Brasilia’s civic
to that of the agora,
buildings.
permitting individual buildings to have their own identity
Colquhoun’s
Frederic
Law
progressive accumulation
but binding them to the orthogonal discipline of the cloister Centralizing decisions in this way leads to closed and solitary
and to the unit of interior space. At the opposite extreme,
shapes. It cannot, by definition, cope with the idea of an open
the plan of the University of California campus at Berkeley,
campus, in the double sense both of plural contributions and
designed by John Galen Howard and Phoebe Appeson
of enabling continuity through time. A campus developed by
Hearst in 1914, exhibits an independence in the structures
various architects is nothing new but in most cases we have
along the lines of the acropolis model. Here the separation
seen it emerges out of a long process over time, in which
and autonomy of the individual buildings is always enough
the progressive accumulation of buildings allows successive
to prevent interior spaces from developing, in such a way that
authors to tailor their designs to those built previously. This
the buildings resemble pavilions in a garden. The University
is the case with the Princeton and Harvard campuses, which
of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) campus in Westwood,
represent the consolidation of several generations of pre-
represents a mid-point between these two extremes, since it
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comprises a series of autonomous buildings integrated into
expressive opportunities are strictly controlled and in the
a composition of virtual urban blocks. These are arranged
unilateral vision of the resulting Cartesian and generic
according to a regular layout, ultimately consolidated
urban space.
by David Allison’s urban plan, which crystallized in the 1946 plant. 5
The situation at Campus WU is totally different since all
In an even less flexible contemporary version of the same
the participating architects were presented with relatively
pattern, the Novartis campus in Basel, Switzerland, comprises
unrestricted structural opportunities: they were constrained,
a series of similar but completely isolated buildings, which are
but not defined by a pre-established structure in the Master
constrained by a largely
Plan designed by BUSarchitektur. Each author was allowed
orthogonal grid layout.
to get the best out of themselves and of the space, by being
Vittorio
Lampugnani,
provided with the chance to freely balance their own desires
author of the urban
with the site conditions. At the same time, the degree of
map approved in 2001
freedom was controlled by the Master Plan’s requirement
and designer of one of
that each building blend in with the others. In this way,
the buildings, rewrites a
each contributes positively to the demarcation of the main
new design over the former chemical factory, in which each
public spaces, outlining an imprint that would be variable,
building looks similar to a small-sized city block. The resulting
but predictable. It should be noted that when submitting
buildings, most of them about five stories high, provide the
their projects for competition, the each building’s authors
architects who built them with little space to maneuver.
were unaware of how the others would turn out, except
Consequently, the surfaces of these buildings, more than their
for clues to be found in the lots and generic volumetrics
shapes, are what reveal the contrasting sensitivities of such
sketched out in the Master Plan. With five authors invited
diverse authors as Rafael Moneo, SANAA, Diener&Diener,
to compete for each
Tadao Ando, Peter Märkli, David Chipperfield, Fumihiko
building, the possible
unilateral vision
6
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holistic
Maki, Adolf Krischanitz and Taniguchi & Assoc. The range
combinations
climbed
of variation in these architects’ boxes is barely detectable in
geometrically
making
the perspective of the main avenue, with the exception of
speculation impossible.
the building granted to Frank Gehry, whose structure stands
As such, the unity of
out from the rest with a kind of sculptural gesture. While we
the
may think of the approach as open with regard to the variety
depend on the Master Plan’s ability to bring about the
of authors involved, it is closed in the way the architects’
buildings’ interdependence, integrating them into a greater
complex
quality
would
Metropolitan stabilizers - Mataderos Neighbourhood Master Plan in Buenos Aires - 1st Prize Experimental Tendencies in Architecture - 1988
whole, visually and functionally, by channeling flows and
The BUS proposal for the Campus WU, however, rebels
movements in urban spaces whose identity and legibility
against this now routine simplicity, by looking back to the
would not rely on the buildings themselves, but on their
complexity of historical Vienna. It evokes the richness of the
interaction. A unity contingent on relationship stipulations
medieval city by crafting a meandering path that produces
in which both the whole and the parts were, from the
ever-changing perspectives, by allowing space to flow but
start, integrated in alignments and perspectives, in visual
blocking views, by inviting exploration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; motion encouraged
openings and closings, in paths and plazas and in the flow of
by the implicit surprise and by the very action of moving.
movement and direction of progress. In short, by way of all
These intense experiences and spatial complexity open up
those questions that arise from the orchestral coordination
many possible paths, always in more than one direction,
of filled spaces (buildings) and gaps (public space), this is
inviting a voyeuristic and exploratory attitude reminiscent
the holistic quality that BUS sought to bring to the campus.
of situational architecture but that, above all, speaks to an open future. Instead of this new urban complexity getting
A CITY IN THE CITY
confused with that of the historical city it actually pays tribute to it and recognizes how significant its events were â&#x20AC;&#x201C;
The development of the 19th centuryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hygienic city featured
the prelude to the meaningful human relationships expected
regular outlines and wide streets that contrasted and opposed
on campus. Instead of fearing tension with urban life, there
both the irregularity of historic medieval towns and their
is trust in the abundance of random encounters, unplanned
compactness. The 20th century continued this trend and
discussions and circumstantial coincidences. As Albert
modern suburban architecture was even more orthogonal
Camus said, the best ideas often arise in common places,
and open, embracing a simplicity that was considered a
just around the corner or at the door of a restaurant. Instead
virtue. This reality predisposes us to always seek a more
of the isolated and controlled aspects of monastic life, it is
regular and open fabric for the outskirts of European cities.
the chaotic and unexpected characteristics of urban life that
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lead to innovation. If true, then Ilya Prigoyine’s idea of life
The path is flanked by elongated buildings that give linearity
as a distinctive and creative force gives positive meaning to
to the space and offer us a foreshortened view of their facades,
7
chaos , and suggests that the more intense human relations
dramatizing the sense of movement and giving a changing
are, the more interesting and fruitful university life will be.
dynamism to the perspectives. Countless views are possible, inviting us to imagine the range of postcards the campus
exhibition
center,
will be able to offer visitors. This pictorial sensitivity revives
the Campus WU
the romantic tradition of refined picturesque sensitivity
turns the Prater into
that Iñaki Abalos traced in a learned tradition that began
its garden. The campus comes across as a relatively compact
with Alexander von Humboldt and Frederic Law Olmsted.
entity, though still porous and permeable. It invites people
Meanwhile, it also acknowledges the expressionism of Bruno
to cross from one side to the other through numerous
Taut and the work of the last and most interesting expressionist,
gaps, as well as through the more obvious entry points. The
Le Corbusier, causing us to note that “the architectural
perception of an interiority becomes evident in its public
promenade calls attention to two crucial modernist issues
spaces, which always invite movement. The Campus can be
relating to picturesque aesthetics: sequential movement
explored through an arc-shaped path that connects at both
and the customary vertical thrust of a picturesque house
ends with the main entrances, which lead to the nearby
and observatory.” 8
Underground stations: Messe-Prater station to the west, less
The highlight of this changing urban landscape, which feeds
than 200 meters away, and Krieau station to the east, about
off the teachings of Camillo Sitte and his interest in revitalizing
300 meters away. Constrained by this proximity, the path
“civic art”, is the moment when, whether moving from
curves gently, and in doing so presents ever-changing views,
east to west or vice-versa, the Learning Center’s cantilever
framed by the exuberant authored architecture of each of
comes into view, anticipating the
the individual buildings. When arriving from the west, the
presence of the library building
exuberant authored
architecture
Executive Academy building (No.Mad Architects, Madrid) announces the presence of the campus. The building’s shape rises up like a kind of bell-tower, while at the same time acting as a pivot that gently encourages us to veer towards the inner path. In this way, the tower belongs simultaneously to two landscapes – it establishes a visual bond between the neighborhood and the campus, giving identity and presence to the western entrance.
122
urban landscape
With its back to the
designed by Zaha Hadid. Just as tall spires announced the presence of medieval cathedrals by poking out above the narrow medieval streets, the center’s large cantilever serves as a horizontal needle that breaks into sight before the building that holds it can be seen. It is a spectacular and
carefully calculated effect, which functions as a vital campus
Center (Hitoshi Abe, Sendai). These buildings separate the
landmark by pointing out the largest and most important
inner urban space from the flowing and indefinite park space.
plaza, the barycenter. This urban landscaping feature was
Coherence is also achieved through the deliberate tension
strategically conceived within the structural section of the
that the proximity of the buildings creates in the longitudinal
Master Plan itself, which precisely specified its role and to
path, alternately opening and closing the channel of the
which the various alternative library projects responded.
slightly curved route, to make way for a ring of small linked plazas. On the north side, the D4 Departments building
The Library and Learning Center was conceived by BUSarchitektur as a grand cathedral
destined
to
preside over the complex. It invites classification as monumental due both to its central position, which
IntenCity - Master Plan Brauerei Liesing in Vienna XXIII. - Competition by invitation - 1999
is also perpendicular to the east-west route, as well as to the identity it finally received
(Carme Pinos, Barcelona) combines with the D1 Teaching
from Zaha Hadid Architects (London/Hamburg).
Center (BUSarchitektur, Vienna) to define an edge to the
While far from the single-building closed-cloister model,
public space, while also regulating the relationship with the
the BUS Master Plan is equally far from the pattern of
Vienna Fair, with which it would originally have had complete
detached pavilions in a park. Proposing multiple buildings
permeability. The longitudinal nature assigned by the Master
and recognizing their stylistic and functional autonomy does,
Plan to these four buildings is visible in the winning drawing,
however, create a certain tension between them since they are
in which they resemble train cars abandoned in a loading area.
forced into necessarily close proximity in order to bring unity
The goal was to guide and constrain the east-west route; given
to the public space. The variety of buildings is counteracted
that intensity of space usage is a function of its scarcity, strict
the continuity of the gaps between them. So the secret of the
control of specific circulation spaces would guarantee urban
campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; coherence lies in the intensity of its public spaces,
friction and intense encounters, as mentioned previously. It
which is achieved through the Master Planâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept of a
is up to us to imagine the flow of people that will cross the
curtain effect comprising the D3 Administration building
campus in all directions once it is occupied by a contingent
(Peter Cook / Crab Studio, London) and the D2 Students
that could reach up to 25,000 users.
123
reason to move on, thereby encouraging movement around the campus and promoting unplanned encounters and interactions. Once again, the idea of intensity proposed by the Master Plan is not restricted to the landscape but represents a kind of stimulus that the landscape and equipment design promises to transmit to the occupants. Ecological Urbanity - City 2.000 Master Plan - KDAG, Vienna 1999 - Mention
PROCESS
The rich sequence of events offered by the tour is not only characterized by the visual effects, it is also accompanied by
The Campus we appreciate today is the result of a complex
the activities available, alternating linear movement with
hierarchical decision process that included two open
plazas that act as backwaters along the tour. Each of these
contests: the first for the Master Plan and the second to
small plazas has a unique distinguishing characteristic as well
define the projects and architects who would be in charge
as its own vocation, which invites a particular relationship
of the buildings themselves. In the course of this process,
with the place. Lounge, Relax, Expo, Stage, Patio and
BUSarchitektur and its leaders, Laura P. Spinadel, Jean
Forum are the leitmotifs that suggest these particularities,
Pierre Bolívar and Bernd Pflüger, moved from being
made possible by the meticulous architectural landscape,
outsiders to insiders by becoming the professional studio
which was also developed by BUSarchitektur. Alternating
whose presence would ultimately oversee all decision
green and dry spaces, water mirrors and different types of
making stages and whose permanent influence on the
outdoor equipment, each plaza has a different atmosphere
process would be decisive.
and invites diverse situations. Of the six spaces, the one
124
presided over by the great library is the most important,
A jury formed of a dozen architects, specialists and
a sort of atrium to the building. The gateway to the Prater
senior members of the university faculty, with the
is also via this plaza, whose spaciousness frames and
influential presence of Wolf Prix, awarded the first prize to
reveals the presence of the monumental park. The relative
BUSarchitektur’s Master Plan. The plan’s open features, which
specialization of outdoor spaces is another Master Plan
would enable it to integrate
technique for activating human interactions. While the
different actors in the process,
plazas are in obvious proximity relationships with the
as well as the way in which the
buildings around them, serving as the natural first choice
individual buildings’ functions
for moving outdoors, their particular features offer a
were articulated, displayed an
open
spirit
unambiguously urban complexity. This complexity is what
facilitated by combining these two works in the same hands.
set the plan apart from proposals based on repetition and
The architectural contest for the remaining four sites
regularity, as well as from the macro-buildings, cloistered
was offered to six internationally renowned architects,
buildings and superblocks. Its open spirit in the urban,
resulting in twenty-two projects (Daniel Libeskind and
architectural and landscaped sense, combined with the
MVRDV architects have excused their participation after
way it would enable an integrated process, is what earned
the selection) of great interest and complexity, whose
the plan first place. At that moment, Laura P. Spinadel
possible combinations would have to be evaluated in
joined the jury, to contribute her opinion to the subsequent
terms of their mutual influence and impact on the campus’
process, which would determine the architects responsible
urban space. At this point, BOA Office for Advanced
for shaping each of the buildings on the six sites identified
Randomness (member of the wider BUSarchitektur multi-
in the Master Plan. During the preparation of this second
enterprise group) developed a tool that enabled more
contest, BUSarchitektur was assigned three key components
than a thousand possible combinations to be analyzed,
of the overall project. The first was the landscaping, which would enable the studio to complement
the
Master
Plan guidelines by carefully fine-tuning
the
treatment
of outdoor spaces. Next the D1 Teaching Center, which
Osmotic Boundary - UniMed Master Plan in Graz - 1st Prize - 2005
owing to its possession of the main lecture halls and the Mensa Food Court would be
thereby making the jury’s evaluation easier but, above
the building with the most public nature (together with the
all, making it possible for those members of the jury who
Learning Center) and also the greatest public movement,
were not architects to formulate more informed opinions.
would again allow precise adjustments to the ideas already
BOA’s Dynamic Configuration Tool is a digital model
outlined in the Master Plan. Finally, BUSarchitektur was
that would mean the different proposals for each site
also assigned the common parking work located in the
could be assembled, combined and then observed in real
basement, across the entire campus, interacting with all the
time, offering a bird’s eye view as well as numerous other
buildings and public spaces. It was a common sense decision
pedestrian and aerial perspectives as desired. Everyone
since coordinating the parking and Master Plan would be
who saw the Configurator Tool working was left in no
125
doubt as to this device’s remarkable power and by way
by a volume in three dimensions, which were both always
of illustration the Campus WU website includes one of
larger than project’s final volume and built area. In this
the prints it generated.
way, BUS managed to retain a measure of freedom within the architectural contest, which meant the architects could
There was a clear convergence of sensitivities among the
proceed relatively unrestricted, thereby enabling them to
architects invited to design the project for the Learning
deeply express their authorial personality. In this respect
Center: Klaus Kada, Tom Mayne`s Morphosis, Massimiliano
also, the spirit of the Master Plan was open since not only
Fuksas, Hans Hollein and Zaha Hadid, the eventual winner.
could it cope with the variety of architectural proposals, it
Although all proposals included the cantilever specified
actually encouraged it. The final result was strengthened by
in the Master Plan, Hadid’s project was the simplest and
the combination of the twenty-two projects to be compared.
the one with the greatest common sense: a large central space that fulfills symbolic and practical functions, around
Once these works had been assigned, BUS continued to
which activities take place and an architectural promenade
play an active role in coordinating the assembly of each
ascends. Of the six buildings that were ultimately
building’s architectural project within the Master Plan.
constructed (excluding the parking), three were designed
BUS acted proactively on issues that arose by transmitting
by studios led by women, which is interesting and unusual,
a vision that enabled decisions to be anticipated. Had
considering that Laura P. Spinadel was the only woman in
these decisions been delayed, there would have been a
the sizeable jury.
corresponding increase in costs, in economic terms. In addition, the possibility of a satisfactory resolution, in terms
of
design,
would
naturally have decreased. BUS tackled these issues head-on
by
introducing
them in a discussion that Hybrid Perceptions - Liesing geriatric Master Plan - Developers Competition - Vienna XXIII. - 3rd Prize
unsurprisingly clashed with the autonomy of the artist-
126
Here, it is worth highlighting the Master Plan’s open
architect who is more accustomed to changing rules than
nature. Urban control over the buildings was specified both
to accepting suggestions or complying with common
by an area or plot demarcated at ground level, as well as
criteria requirements. Standard criteria across the campus
for basic generic components (such as electrical plugs, light
criteria. In this sense, BUS’s arguments outlining the idea
switches, door brakes and other components related to
of a holistic vision did not express a desire for uniformity
drainage installations, security and surveillance systems)
but rather a kind of orchestral operation in which each part
would be able to reduce costs and greatly facilitate future
maintains its individuality, while also articulating coherently
maintenance. They were proposed for consideration
with the whole.
by means of specific documents. By resolving these issues of general organization, management and future
OPEN UTOPIA
maintenance, the entire campus, and by implication the buildings designed by such different architects, would
BUS is guided by the spirit of a viable utopia. Not one whose
become a single operational unit, thereby introducing an
shape is clearly defined with dimensions and characteristics
element of realism and practical understanding into its
that could be identified in advance but rather one that
management and control.
possesses certain fertility conditions. This applies to the project and structural
issues, the Master Plan work ventured into delicate
to the life that the
and potentially controversial areas. The comprehensive
campus will shelter.
guidance documents presented as enabling tools to the
Laura
architects in charge of each building were not always seen
returns repeatedly to
as helpful. The perception of these handbooks as hindering
this question of the
the architect’s design freedom forced BUS to reinforce
physical project’s openness. Without walls or railings, the
its diplomatic and communication strategy to focus on
campus will allow free movement, which extends to the
discussing the intermediate steps in the
car parking facilities. Buildings will be reached by driving
decision-making hierarchy. This sought
though the campus itself, not through hermetic private
to highlight the manifestly technical and
corridors. She conceives the Master Plan as a device for
practical nature of these agreements, as well as the precise timing appropriate for discussion and formalization since late
agreements
would
also
mean
limited and partial solutions – patches instead of comprehensive and unifying
operation
works,
orchestral
In seeking a general and unified approach to these
as
P.
well
as
Spinadel
discussion formalization
encouraging and containing university life, as a channeling of actions that will continue to be written throughout its occupation and use. She is not as interested in its specific form as she is in what this urban form will be capable of producing – the outcome is more interesting than the purely formal project management.
127
the project. All the documents relating to the process are available on-line at the new campus website put together under BOA’s supervision. What she provocatively calls a randomness offensive (BOA stands for Büro für Offensive Aleatorik – “Office for Advanced Randomness”) comprises a form of activism that puts its faith in the potential of Metropolitan Stabilizers - Schönbrunn Forum Master Plan - Vienna XII - 2001 - 1st Prize
catalysts. Dialogue and decision tools seek to extract their best from the different actors as well as create interest in and commitment to the process of moving to the new campus.
the technical project and why she also took responsibility
According to Spinadel, this process must be accompanied by
for communication by creating tools to make the features
information and monitoring tools since rather than viewing
of the new campus known to its future users and neighbors
architecture as somehow static she sees it as something that
as a whole. She turned the construction fence into an
needs to be activated. Her commitment with the University
informative wall and had the Infopoint viewing platform
is to follow up the campus project during its first year by
built in the Prater park (now dismantled), from which
opening a permanent studio on-site. Shooting of a 3D film
students and teachers or anyone curious could get a sneak
to record the whole process has already begun, which she
preview of the campus under construction. In the old
does not see as a documentary but rather as a component to
campus, fun and informative devices were assembled to
enhance this urban activism.
encourage interest and provide a space for people’s growing
If open and closed are two dialectically opposite categories
expectations. All these themes reflect a realism that does
that apply to the process as well as to the Campus project’s
not idealize the construction itself, so
morphological configuration, occupation and possible
much as the aspiration for a campus
functioning under the educational community, BUS always
that integrates with the city while also
chose to be on the open side. In this sense, the Campus
allowing activities to be integrated.
WU Master Plan honors openness, uncertainty as a space
her
BOA
communication
office Laura P. Spinadel prepared the electronic documents, the virtual models and the photographs that would show the work progressing as well as the people participating in
128
plurality
From
dialogue
That is why Spinadel believes that her work is not limited to
for innovation, creativity, plurality and the discussion of ideas. If the typical Classicism work is a closed, complete and self-contained shape, which Alan Colquhoun likened to a symphony, then Romanticism discovered how variation allows a work to be open, in the sense that continuity and change are always possible 9. These themes may be suggested
by architecture and BUS decided that the Master Plan design
If you read this list carefully, you will see that each premise
should invite this kind of recognizable freedom in several
is consistent with the next: a concatenation of ideas that
ways that are worth listing:
reaffirm the search for a new educational utopia. Each idea can be correlated with a step in the process that led to
An open and permeable relationship with the existing city.
the campus that we now have the opportunity to evaluate.
A
However, this evaluation will only have the evidence it
campus
with
numerous
and
independent,
yet
interrelated buildings.
needs once the thousands of students and teachers arrive to
A campus designed as a choral composition, with multiple
activate the campus daily in a dynamic that, we hope, will
architects acting simultaneously.
replicate the flow diagrams originally designed by BUS. Only
Dynamically changing visual relationships that encourage
then will we find out if all the components have paid off: the
movement and interaction.
commitment to openness and uncertainty, the confidence in
A range of possible movements, paths and places
the richness of the unexpected, the plurality and dialogue, the
characterized by choices for every relocation and an
noise of discussion and the fertility of exchange. The future
alternative locations for each activity.
is uncertain by definition and knowledge requires an open
The
concept
of
free,
unspecified,
multiple
and
mind, as well as a spirit inclined towards everything new.
overlapping activities.
The experiment is almost ready to begin: all that remains is
A perfectible campus, receptive to continuous improvement.
to mix the elements; the reaction will start shortly.
*Dr. Arq. Fernando Diez Vienna, Buenos Aires, June 2013 1
John Soane was an architect for the Bank of England between 1788 and 1833, and believed that presenting it as a ruin showed the real essence of his work, positioning it among the revered ruins of antiquity. In 1830 he entrusted his collaborator Joseph Michael Gandy with the famous drawing of the ruins of the Bank (Joseph Michael Gandy, coloured washes on paper, 1830. Sir John Soane’s Museum)
2
Colin Rowe had used this opposition as of extreme urbanism paradigms in:: Rowe, Colin y Koetter, Fred. “Collage City “, MIT Press, 1978
3
See Colquhoun, Alan “The Superblock”, in “Essays in Architectural Criticism: Modern Architecture and Historical Change”, G.Gili, Barcelona, 1978
4
von Moss, Stanislaus. “Venturi & Scott Brown. Buildings and Projects, 1986-1998”, The Monacelli Press, New York, 1999 ; and Leston, Eduardo, “Algunas cosas que sé sobre Rodolfo Machado y Jorge Silvetti” (“A few things I know about Rodolfo Machado and Jorge Silvetti”), Summa+67, Buenos Aires, Agosto 2004
5
Bretteville, Peter. “Eight California Campuses to 1945”, The New City, University of Miami, Princeton Architectural Press, 1994
6
Architecture+Urbanism N°482, a+u Publishing, Tokyo, Japan, 2010, 11
7
Prigogine, Ilya (1917 –2003) Russian Physical chemist and Nobel Laureate, also wrote about dissipative structures, self-organizing systems and their philosophical implications, which include life, complex forms and chaotic processes.
8
Abalos, Iñaki. “Atlas pintoresco Vol. 2: los viajes” (“Picturesque Atlas. Volume 2: The Journeys”), Gustavo Gili, Barcelona, 2008
9
Colquhoun, Alan, “Arquitectura e historicismo” (“Architecture and Historisism”), in: Ideas en Arte y Tecnología 1, Universidad de Belgrano, Buenos Aires, 1984
129
COLLECTIVE Ground-breaking ceremony Halle 10 of the Fair before its demolition 27th October 2009
THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF SMALL AND LARGE FOUNDATIONS, ALL OF THEM ENSURING THE STABILI
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TY OF THE CAMPUS Compilation by Daniela Kobel, BUSarchitektur Vienna – 18.07.2013
EDITORIAL TEAM AND GRAPHIC DESIGN: BOA office for advanced randomness: Laura P. Spinadel, Hubert Marz, Santiago Sánchez Guzmán, Catalina Pedraza, Laura Ulloa, Joana Guerreiro Silva, Michaela Rentsch, Juan Muñoz, Duarte Oliveira, Juan Sebastián Gómez – Vienna; Lucia Rusinakova – London/Chicago PHOTO CREDITS: BOA office for advanced randomness Hubert Marz, Joana Guerreiro Silva, Manuela Strasser, Lucia Rusinakova TRANSLATIONS AND LECTORATE: Laura P. Spinadel, Santiago Sanchez, Natalie Verbeek, Vera Winitzky de Spinadel, Joanathan Evans, Carola Lehmacher, Pablo Manzano, Gina Urazan Razzini, Marcela de Nardi, Bettina Allen PRINTING AND BINDING: Paul Gerin GmbH & Co KG Printed in Austria This work is protected by copyright. © 2013 BOA büro für offensive aleatorik, Schulgasse 36/2/1, 1180 Vienna, Austria All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. The publisher assumes no responsibility for the content and the content reproduced in this book or any claim regarding it that may arise. ISBN 978-3-9503666-0-0
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THE MAKING OF PLACES THAT SEEK A DIALOGUE WITH CREATION, WITH THE HOPE OF ENCOURAGING THE PEOPLE WHO EXPERIENCE OUR SPACES TO UNCONSCIOUSLY PERCEIVE THEM. THIS BOOK IS AN APPEAL FOR LESS EGOMANISM AND MORE MODEST SPIRITUALITY IN ARCHITECTURE. Laura P. Spinadel
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