WANG MENGDIE
Date of Birth: 1996.09.17 | Nationality: Chinese
reigh917@hotmail.com +39 333 8160537
EDUCATION
QUALIFICATION
10/2020 09/2018
Politecnico di Milano, Italy
CERTIFICATE Certificate of computer information technology Computer aimed designer
12/2016 02/2016
Konkuk University, South Korea
06/2018 09/2014
Shenyang University, China
Master of Landscape architecture-land landscape heritage Final mark: 110/110 Exchange Program of Architecture&Landscape architecture Bachelor Program of Landscape gardening Avg:3.61/4
ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE Ongoing09/2020
06.2020
Rhinoceros SketchUp
University of London/Goldsmiths, University of London Coursera Online Courses
Adobe Photoshop
Cybernetic Ground: Information, Imagination, Impact
Adobe InDesign
Mobility Concept 2030
RWTH Aachen University/IDEA League Summer SchooL Aachen - Germany 07.2019
Autodesk CAD
Virtual Reality Specialization
21st Annual International Digital Landscape Architecture Conference Virtual Conference 09.2019
SOFTWARE
Il Lungolago di Verbania
Politecnico di Milano Workshop Verbania - Italy
Adobe Illustrator Adobe Premiere Adobe After Effect QGIS SNAP Unity Microsoft word Microsoft Excel
WORK EXPERIENCE 09.2020 03.2020
05.2018 01.2018
Research assistant
Supervisor: Prof.Mattia Previtali DABC, Politecnico di Milano Milan,Italy Research Topic: A GIS and Remote sensing approach for desertification sensitivity assessment in Puglia region
Guangzhou urban planning & design survey research institute Guangzhou, China Sector: Landscape office Project topic: Regeneration of urban public space and design of slow traffic system
Excellent graduation thesis(1st)
Shenyang University 2017
First Award
National University Student English Competition 2015
LANGUAGE Chinese
English
Italian
Korean
Internship designer
AWARDS 2018
Microsoft PowerPoint
Second class Scholarship Shenyang University
Mother Tongue
C1
A2
Elementary
PROGRAMMING C# Python
RESEARCH INTEREST Virtual reality & Augmented reality GIS & Mapping Big data & Mobility 1
CONTENTS
URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
LANDSCAPE HERITAGE CONSERVATION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA
FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT
GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
PHOTOGRAPHY AND DRAWINGS
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-- 01 WHITE ECOLOGY
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-- 02 EXPLORE THROUGH TIME
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-- 03 DOWN BY THE LUGANO LAKE
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-- 04 CHARGING BOT
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-- 05 DESERTIFICATION SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT IN PUGLIA REGION
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-- THE MOON -- ONE AND INFINITY -- PORTRAYAL OF IDYLL
68 70 72
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DESIGN
URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
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01 WHITE ECOLOGY Master Graduation Thesis, Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Sara Protasoni, Hope Strode Ives Collaborator: Deng Yutong, Toriyama Natsumi
INTRODUCTION Marble extraction in the Carrara basins has occurred since the 1st millennium BC, with relevant exploitation periods during the Roman period and the Renaissance, as an important component of Carrara’s economy and culture. As a consequence of this long-lasting marble extraction activity, the Carrara landscape and society reshaped. A series of environ- mental and social problems occurred, white water in Carione river, the population loss and more abandoned quarries and factories. Besides, the high disturbance of human activi- ties-mineral extraction requires a lot of effort of restoration both on environment and landscape.The end of mining has provoked the overall decline of the industry. The impacts have been far-reaching, bringing the economic, social, and ecological crisis to vast regions. It is necessary to think about the environmental issue related to the mining industry now and the social-economic issue when Carrara enters the post-mining era. As a landscape architect, it is necessary to take on our social responsibility to think of and apply proper landscape planning and design in city transformation. The initial inspiration for our design came from our thinking about social and economic development, as to fundamentally solve the prob- lems in Carrara. In our understanding, emerging industries are the most fundamental way to promote economic devel- opment. To promote the development of emerging industries based on the protection of local special cultures, so that both the original culture can be protected, and the new culture can be created. So our theme is promoting city transformation in post-industrial (post-mining) cities, and integrating landscape design into the development of new industries and culture in city transformation.
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CARRARA OVERVIEEW
FLOODING
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(per ha)
POLLUTION
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
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STRATEGY Environmental degradation
ENVIRONMENTAL Pollution
Natural disaster
ECONOMICAL Ageing society
Out-migration
SOCIAL High unemployment
NEW INDUSTRY PROSPECTIVE Different sizes of marble slag can have different processing methods, and are used in different high-tech manufacturing industries through fine processing. By recycling these marble waste materials to complete industrial upgrading and industrial transformation, to achieve sustainable development. To achieve industrial upgrading and transformation on the basis of traditional industries, in order to promote the transformation of the city, establish a brand-new marble ecosystem, and realize the design from CRADLE TO CRADLE. Carrara’s marble is famous for its white color, so we named this new type of marble industry chain WHITE ECOLOGY.
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river
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management
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CONCEPT OVERVIEW
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In the quarry, through more efficient and clean operations, the marble slag is recycled, and the remaining tailing marble by-products, and build a better ecological and environmentally friendly industrial park. The marble industry
gs are collected through the sedimentation tank system to control the water flow. At the same time, upgrade the marble factories in the city, manufacture high-value chain can realize a virtuous circle like the ecosystem.
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TERRITORIAL STRATEGY - QUARRY QUARRY MASTERPLAN
DETAILS
pedestrian bridge
observation platform
aqueduct
natural colonization
amphitheater
STAGE 1 DETAIL PROPOSALS: Stage 1 is working on ecological restoration and the sedimentation system in the quarry, which transform the quarry to a geo-park. 14
SYSTEMATIC UNIT
DESIGN NODE
hiking path
leisure space
sedimentation tank
renewable energy
smart parking
STAGE 3 DETAIL PROPOSALS: Stage 3 will apply new exploration activities in the quarry and a new transporation network to link the quarry and the city.
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DESIGN NODE: THE CRADLE - QUARRY
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DETAIL DESIGN
PLATFORM/BRIDGE The bridge is self-supported, the supporting part is st the same height with th wall, the water from the sedimentation tank glow into the channel and flow wall. SEDIMENTATION TANK The function unit in our quarry, With the principle of gravity and hydrodynam and precipitated, and the purified water flows into the filter pool, and some and people can have fun in it.
AQUEDUCT AND WATER RETENTION The aqueduct is 14m high. The pavement of the walking surface is the marble w inclination of 2% degree. To open a thin cut on the inner boundary to let the water The water fall down into the shallow round pond and flow out into the strea amphitheater, a leisure garden to reflect the marble culture in the past.
corten steel
ravaneti
marble
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concrete
he handrail insert into the marble out from the edge of the marble
mics, the marble slag is separated e stepping stone is inserted into it,
waste compound material with an fall like a curtain. am, the other side is the seats of
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DESIGN
ANDSCAPE HERITAGE CONSERVATION WITH SOCIAL MEDIA
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02 EXPLORE THROUGH TIME Conservation and Management of Historic Gardens and Landscapes Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Alberta Cazzani, Nicola Noe Collaborator: Chen Yao, Marta Beldarrain
INTRODUCTION Villa Ghirlanda Silva is a 17th-century noble villa in Cinisello Balsamo. It is a villa of delight , a classic suburban residence that the nobles of the time used to build outside the city as real places to stay and vacation. The complex includes an elegant English garden, which is the first English garden in Lombardy region, now transformed into a city park. Both the latter and the villa are part of the Italian cultural heritage. However, the special historical value of villa is rarely known. Even the local people hardly know the history here. And because the regional government did not have a strong sense of heritage protection in the last century, some facilities were built in the villa that did not match the temperament here. The government has invested very little budget here, so the villa now only relies on some local volunteers to manage it. Some facilities inside the park are outdated and lack of maintenance, and there are already some potential safety hazards. Some historical trees have also encountered pests and diseases and are dying. Therefore, this project hopes to increase the public’s attention and participation in the protection of landscape heritage. After re-planning and upgrading the facilities of the villa, a mobile phone application was designed to allow people to better participate in the protection of cultural heritage. Solve the problem of budgetary funds, increase the popularity and presence of Villa, so a design based on social media could let everyone make a contribution to Villa Girlanda Silva.
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1.1.2 Changes in the park of Ghirlanda-Silva
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Timeline TIMELINE OF VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA
CHANGES IN THE URBAN SURROUNGDING ENVIRNOMENT
Contrast between past and
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How often do you come to Villa Girlanda Silva?
Every process weekend I will The changes of the park of Ghirlanda-Silva in the historical are mainly divided into take my children here. two aspects: First, in 1801, it was time to change from the original regular garden to a romantic garden, and a formal change took place; Second, as the property rights of the land have changed from private to public, public leisure and entertainment facilities suitable for public activities (such as zoos, open-air theaters, etc.) have been added to the park, not just the facilities in the garden that were originally used by the owner’s family (such as Swiss cottages, tennis courts, etc.). Do you know the history of the villa? like the former owners?
No, not really. I guess most people don't know. municipal green area cemetery
Page 3
historical building formal garden in the past main church
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BOTANICAL ANALYSIS TREES OF HISTORICAL VALUE
Level 1: rare species These speciess have fewer than five plants in the garden. They are very special and mostly on the roadside, and these trees scattered in the garden can't be easily found by tourists
The aplan in ad
Species mentioned in Ercole Silva 's book Dell'Arte dei Giardini Lnglesi
Eveergreen trees
Flowery trees
"Huge" trees (taller than 23m and wider than 1m) 24
Quercus robur fastigiata
Robinia pseudoacacia fastigiata
Pinus strobus
Acer p 'a
Prunus laurocerasus
Buxus sempervirens
Crataegus sp
Jun
Magnolia grandiflora
Sophora
Gleditsia triacanthos
Fraxinus excelsior
Liquidambar styraciflua
Fagus sylvatica pendula
Fagus sylvatica
Corryllus avelana contorta
Fagus sylvatica atroporpurea fastigiata
Celt
Pr
Level 2: group species
Level 3:large amount species
number of these tree species is between 5 and 20. They are nted very concentrated. The same tree species are usually planted djacent areas. They can be found in groups by tourists.
The number of these species is very large and scattered in the garden, They are easily to be found.
pseudopiatanus atropureum'
Acer negundo
Liriodendron tupilifera
Taxus baccata
Acer campestre
Ilex acquifolium
nglans nigra
Quercus rubra
Aesculus hippocastanum
Acer pseudoplata
Carpinus betulus
Celtis australis
tis occidentalis
Tilia europaea
Quercus robur
Malus sp
Populus nigra italica
runus avium
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MASTERPLAN
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STRATEGY New conservation plan Use the area of the original garden as the conservative area, respect the historical value of the garden and protect the health of the plants, move the original amusement facilities to the green space outside the garden, and add some interactive installations of music and art to convey the pursuit of art of the former owner. New road system The road is divided into three levels. The main road is paved with grass and bricks to facilitate people's passage. The secondary road keeps the original paving to guide people to explore every part of the garden. The road paved with stones steps guides people to find special trees in the garden. New space plan According to the distribution of tree species, the garden is divided into different exploration spaces. There will be a small QR code and an explanation board in front of the special trees. Seats can be set up in the open space under some trees to form a small private space.
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EXPLORE VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA 2.3 Detail Design Proposal 1: Explore the garden and find the trees! In the app we provided 3 basic level of trees and let the visitors to find them in the garden.the visitors are also encouraged to create their own path and mark it in the map.
Proposal 2: Adopt a tree We encouraged citizen in Cinisello to adopt a tree, to make this place both a historic garden and a eductional park, and also help Relieve pressure from lack of budget.
A mobile phone application was designed in order to better protect the historical and cultural value of the villa and increase cultural awareness, Through such a platform, people can more easily understand the historical story and cultural connotation of the Villa. And through the mode to discover the secrets of the plants in the villa, or customize your own tour route. People can also choose to adopt a tree in the villa on this platform, and become the supervisor of the villa to report condition of a tree or other maintenance problem at any time. Some cultural activities in the villa will also be posted on this platform to attract public participation.
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garden trees!
e provilevel of garden the vitrees! them in e visitors e proviouraged level of eir own the vik it in the them in e visitors ouraged eir own k it in the
e
“FIND THE TREE" CHALLENGE According to the distribution of historical trees in the villa, three levels of tour routes are designed. Visitors can explore the plants like a game. When they find all the trees in the level, they will make an accomplishment. Or tourist could customize their own exploration route.
ged cisello to to make e h a hisand a ged ciark, and sello to eve presto make of budh a hisand a ark, and eve presof bud-
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ADOPT A TREE
Page 19
The residents of Cinisello are encouraged to be more involved in the management of the villa. They can choose to adopt a tree, a wounded tree or a rare tree. In this way, they will be one of the supervisor in the villa, or they can pay a fee to find professionals to look after their trees, thereby reducing the burden of the villa and increasing profits. 29
EXPLORE VILLA GIRLANDA SILVA
Proposal WHAT'S 3: FUN Various activities, music festivals, art festivals and dance festivals are regularly held in the villa to celebrate the Enjoy Art
artistic spirit here. People can book tickets online through this application. In addition, there will be guided tours on astronomy and architectural topics from time to time to commemorate the aristocratic spirit and artistic achievements of Ercole Donado Silva. of the nobles who once lived in the villa, we also combination withSilva the and daily activities
In encou ties in the park of Ghirlanda-Silva, such as regular dance festivals. Citizens can also carry ou architecture. Let the historical value of the garden be displayed in an updated form. Learn more about the app in this video:
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https://youtu.be/SjhRzTcTd3E
urage citizens to carry out cultural and artistic activiut science popularization activities in astronomy and
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STORYBOARD
The history is quite interesting. Wo w, t h e r e i s a c o n c e r t t h i s weekend! I'll book a ticket!
Yeah! I find the right tree, let me see where is the next...
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The new playground is bigger than before and the equipments are safe and new, I don't need to worry my chidren would get hurt when playing!
Now more and more people are aware of the historical value of the villa and do some contribution. Everyone could enjoy the fun here!
It's an honor for me to have my own tree in Villa Girlanda Silva, I will look after my tree myself. Thank you for your trust.
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DESIGN
FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT
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03 DOWN BY THE LUGANO LAKE Landscape and Infrastructure Design Studio, Politecnico di Milano Supervisor: Matteo Umberto Poli, Paolo Bozzuto,Marco Mancini Collaborator: Zhong Hongfei, Ding Xitong, Li Haopeng
INTRODUCTION Lugano, the largest town in the holiday region of Ticino, is not only Switzerland's third most important financial centre and a conference, banking and business centre, but also a town of parks and flowers, villas and sacred buildings. With Mediterranean flair, Lugano offers all the advantages of a world-class city, combined with the cachet of a small town.But because of financial crisis in 2008, Lugano went from being called “little Hong Kong” to “lake’s Cinderella” in the past 10 years, Lugano remains a very rich city, with very rich citizens, with a perfect scenography and anymore. Shops are closing, restaurants decaying, benefits are cancelled and meanwhile residents are asked to paid higher and higher taxes to compensate the 2014 1 billion debt the city had with banks. In addition, the city suffers from traffic congestion and flooding. The design aims to propose a strategy, funded on landscape and urban design with a strong view on mobility issues, to redefine the soul of Lugano, looking to quality tourism and to the redefinition of the “Lungolago” as catalyser for the future of the city. Therefore, a passenger-vehicle separation system was designed to improve the traffic situation in Lugano, while specially designing the ground to deal with floods.
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LUGANO OVERVIEW
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POPULATION
EMPLOYMENT
ACCESSIBILITY
FLOODING
car bike bus/trolleybus walking from home walking train/metro
MORNING RUSH 54%
OVERLAND FLOW
EVENING RUSH 66%
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TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS ROAD CAPABILITY
ROAD NOISE Day
NON-VEHICLE HEATMAP Walking
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Night
Biking
waterside
ROAD INCIDENT
NEW MOBILITY
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PEOPLE-VEHICLE SEPARATION SYSTEM
SHARING
The 1.2-kilometer-long underground tunnel separates the traffic system and the pedestrian system to ensure the safety of pedestrians and better enjoy the lakeside scenery.
Establish a existing shar low-carbon t
Cultural space design centered on
Residents-oriented lakeshore design by creating a more ecological and interactive lakeshore space.
wate
infrastructure
pet park
soft bank
green space
unde
rgrou
emergen
cy exit
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nd pa rkin
g of LA C mu seum
G SLOW MOBILITY NETWORK
TOURISM SHUTTLE BUS AND SMART PARKING The clean energy tourist bus will be the only motor vehicle to drive on the pedestrian space by the lake, linking Lugano's attractions. And set up smart parking spots.
slow-moving system network based on the red bicycle parking spots in the city to promote travel.
n LAC museums and dynamic water activities.
erside platform
floating pier
Cultural space design centered on city hall and rainwater harvesting to deal with flood.
interactive design
rain garden
urban furniture
round
underg to the slope e/exit
tunnel
c
entran
m
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MASTERPLAN
emergency route emergency pathway parking lot underground parking
main route sub-route junction
train routine train station bicycle path bicycle stop
0
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100
200M
B A'
A B'
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grass pa
44
with drainage
avement
(model right) (model left)
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MODEL
PANORAMA
CITY HALL SQUARE
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CITY HAL
LL SQUARE DETAIL
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INDEX
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
See the complete https://youtu.b
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N AROUND THE LAKE SHORE
video follow this link: .be/5znJYo0PLdU
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OTHER WORK
FUTURE MOBILITY CONCEPT
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04 CHARGING BOT IDEA League Summer SchooL, RWTH Aachen University Collaborator: Tegethoff Alexander, Ravindra Nithin, Amer Abdelhakim,Shatilov Kirill
INTRODUCTION What expectations can we have of mobility in 2030? In 2030 we can expect the cars to reach level 4 of automation i.e., we can expect cars to communicate with each other and move autonomously on highways with no driver input. Stationary charging systems are not everywhere in the highway but are available in some cities. In 10 years time, we can expect batteries to be lighter and smaller. They could produce energy of about 300 Wh/kg and 500 Wh/l. But there are still many factors preventing the popularization of electric vehicles. This is the problem we want to solve. The answer we give is a mobile highway charging bot.
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RESEARCH
GIS AND REMOTE SENSING FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
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05 DESERTIFICATION SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT IN PUGLIA REGION Reseach internship, Politecnico di Miilano Supervisor: Mattia Previtali Individual work
INTRODUCTION Most of arid and semi-arid Mediterranean areas are affected by land degradation and desertification due to interaction of a set of natural (bio-physical) and anthropogenic factors having different temporal and spatial variability. Consideration of these factors requires careful selection of key-variables and indicators that should describe the current state of the system and highlight the degradation processes and related effects. It is of primary importance for identifying desertification risk areas and defining adequate mitigation measures. More than 1/5 of the Italian territory is at risk of desertification involving over 40% of the South. Critical areas, amounting to 9.1% of the country surface, are mainly localized in Sardegna, Sicilia, Puglia, Basilicata and Calabria regions, where environmental conditions are more unfavorable and agriculture and grazing activities strongly affect the territory settings (L. Salvati,2013). In the Puglia region, land degradation is caused by a series of complex processes, these processes can be attributed to overgrazing, climate variability, water erosion, vegetation degradation, soil degradation. Therefore, the desertification issue has been an environmental concern within these years, solutions should be found to reduce the vulnerability risk. Typical examples of such an approach are models developed within the frame of MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) project funded by the European Commission. In Southern Italy, the MEDALUS approach was applied in Puglia region, The desertification risk areas are identified on the basis of an index (Environmental Sensitive Areas to Desertification index, ESAI) which integrates bio-physical data on environmental quality (climate, soil and vegetation) with management (anthropogenic) factors. A new methodology is presented which integrates GIS with environmental models to simulate land degradation processes and to provide a comprehensive index (Integrated Desertification Index, IDI) of desertification. After an extensive analysis of both the conditions and the evolution of natural features in the study area, through spatial data investigation, a suite of appropriate indicators of land degradation have been identified on the basis of their applicability and sensitivity to environmental processes. The following five indicators were considered: overgrazing pressure, drought pressure, water erosion, vegetation condition and soil salinity. This research will study on the five indicator models of the IDI model, and finally synthesize a map of land desertification through the ESAI model method, and compare it with the official ESAI map, to see the difference between the prediction with different indicators.
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WORKFLOW
The municipalities boundary and area
C
Data Preparation
Data Collection
table join
Climate data in Puglia
shp file from geopartale Puglia precipitation /average daily temperature /day length /number of days in the month /12 monthly mean temperature
Climate station Location coordinate table from climate website
ordinary kriging raster calculator
Po
calculated in Excel
Monthly precipitation data in the past 20 years table from climate website
Monthly temperature data in the past 20 years table from climate website
Number of livestock at municipality level
Spatialized livestock data in Puglia
table join
calculate in attribute table
total surface area /numbers of livestock
table from ISTAT
Blue
S Weight and coefficient of a fully grown unit
V
statistic from website
Different band of the satellite image Sentinel 2 image of Puglia region satellite image from Copernicus Open Access Hub
Official RUSLE model raster file from ESDAC Dataset
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raster calculator subset in SNAP
Blue Band/Green Band /Red Band/Near InfraRed SWIR1/SWIR2
reclassify
Calculation of Model
Criteria Table
Classification
Spatial Interpolation precipitation/temperature/day length
Reclassified score
<-2 -2 - -1 -1 - 1 1 - 2 >2
reclassify
otentential Evapotranspiration(PET)
1 2 3 4 5
Drought Index Classification
Reconnaissance drought index (RDI) reclassify
1 2 3 4 5
Reclassified score
<-0.51 -0.51- -0.41 -0.41- -0.30 -0.30- -0.14 >-0.14
MSAVI reclassify
5 4 3 2 1
band/Red Band/SWIR1/SWIR2/NIR band
Slope between Albedo and MSAVI
Classification
Vegetation Index(Albedo-MSAVI)
Salinity Index(SI) Blue Band/Red Band
(Integrated Desertification Index, IDI)
Reclassified score
0-0.2 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 >0.8
Classification
Overgrazing Index(CAIA )
Albedo
IDI MODEL
Compare with the official ESAI model
Thornthwaite equation (1948)
Red Band/NIR band
Result
reclassify
0-0.2 0.2-0.4 0.4-0.6 0.6-0.8 >0.8
The area most affected by overgrazing is the middle part of Puglia region, in Bari and Taranto provinces
The most desertified area is the coastal area of Foggia province according to drought index
The most vulnerable area are the mountainous area in Foggia province which leads to a high desertification possibility according to Rusle model
Reclassified score 1 2 3 4 5
The vegetation condition in Foggia province is relatively bad and also in some area in the Brindisi and Lecce province
Salinity Index1(SI1) Green Band/Red Band
Salinity Index2(SI2) Green Band/Red Band/NIR band
Salinity Index3(SI3) Green Band/NIR band
Classification <0.075 0.075-0.15 0.15-0.225 0.225-0.3 >0.3
Reclassified score 1 2 3 4 5
The most serious land salinization problem is also in the Foggia province and some coastal areas
1 means no desertification and 5 means severe desertification 61
Result of the Reconnaissance drought index (RDI)
Result of the CAIA model
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
(PET in a year, the darkest color means the highest evapotranspiration) The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) can be characterized as a general meteorological index for drought assessment. The RDI can be expressed in three forms: the initial value ak, the normalized RDI (RDIn), and the standardized RDI (RDIst) The initial value (ak) is presented in an aggregated form using a monthly time step and may be calculated on monthly, seasonal or annual basis. The ak, for the year i and a time basis k (months) is calculated as Equation:
where Pij and PETij are the precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration of month j of year i and N is the total number of years of the available data. To calculate the PET, the Thornthwaite equation (1948) is used:
Where: Td is the average daily temperature (degrees Celsius; if this is negative, use 0) of the month being calculated; N is the number of days in the month being calculated; L is the average day length(hours) of the month being calculated;
I is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperature Tmi 62
Overgrazing is one of the main factors of la Mediterranean region. In Puglia, an excessi lands by compacting the soil and reducing t lead to decreased soil structure and stability. land degradation as a function of grazing in territory. Any effect relating to the grazing pr 20 sub-coefficients, measuring: animal (bov consumption and trampling on soil, animal p productive level) and grazing management be calculated as:
where X is the weight of a fully grown unit; n territory; b is a matrix of the twenty sub-coef Ha).The sum of these sub-coefficients identifi a weighing factor for the live weight X of the species present in a territory with surface are
and degradation observed in the ive livestock pressure affects the the vegetation cover, both of which y. The model CAIA formulates the ntensity and land carrying capacity. ressure can be evaluated from vine, ovine and sheep) vegetation productivity (low, medium or high (extensive or intensive). CAIA could
Result of the RUSLE model
The RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; Renard, Foster, Weesies, McCool, & Yoder, 1997) was chosen because it is widely used and scientifically sound, as applied and verified for different landscape scenarios, even in very complex topographies. In this model, each variable influencing erosion is associated to an index representing the effect of the variable on erosion according to the magnitude of the specific index. RUSLE is expressed as follows:
A=R*K*LS*C*P Where A is the computed soil loss per unit area, R is the rainfall-runoff factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, LS (unitless) is the slope length/steepness factor, C (unitless) is the soil cover and management factor and P (unitless) is the support practice factor, accounting for the management of protection of soil against erosion.
n is the number of the unit on the fficients; S is the total surface area (in ies the b coefficient which represents e Fully-Grown Unit (FGU) of a given ea S.
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SI
Salinity is one of the most important factors affecting soil degradation and desertification is caused by natural or human-induced processes. Sentinel 2 satellite images are used to calculate the index, 4 salinity index according to different band are chosen to calculate the final salinity map, they are: salinity index(SI), salinity index 1(SI1), salinity index 2(SI2), salinity index 3(SI3).
SI1
The equation for SI is:
The equation for SI1 is:
SI2
The equation for SI2 is:
The equation for SI3 is:
SI3
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The comprehensive salinity equation is:
MSAVI
The Puglia region is heavily affected by climate change and has a large diversity of vegetation cover across various regions and seasons. Within this arid region, it is difficult to distinguish desertified land from other land cover types using low-quality vegetation information. research shows that the Albedo-MSAVI model is suitable for assessment of areas with relatively low vegetation cover. The formula for MSAVI is as follows:
where NIR is near infrared band and RED is red band.
Albedo
The formula for albedo of sentinel 2 image is as follows:
According to the research conclusions made by Verstraete and Pinty in 1996, different desertification lands can be effectively separated by dividing the Albedo-MSAVI feature space in the vertical direction into changing trends of desertification. In addition, the location of the vertical direction in Albedo-MSAVI feature space can be well fitted by a simple binary linear polynomial expression as follows: DDI = K × MSAVI – Albedo (The darker the color, the more serious the degree of desertification )
where “DDI” was the desertification divided index and K was determined by the slope of the straight line fitted in the feature space. 65
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This study presented a methodology for evaluating land sensitivity to desertification in the Puglia region using a method combines the ESAI model and the IDI model. Using the sub-models of the IDI model and applied into the ESAI model to work on the final solution, in this way, a comparison between the different indicators could be seen on the final results. As for each sub-models, we can summarize some key land desertification areas and main influencing factors. The distribution map of CAIA model shows the most sensitive area is the middle part of Puglia region, in Bari and Taranto provinces, this is because the cattle-farming in these two provinces have too much pressure on the land. The drought index shows a completely different situation of desertification, the most desertified area is the coastal area of Foggia province. The RUSLE model indicates the most vulnerable area are the mountainous area in Foggia province which leads to a high desertification possibility. The albedo-MSAVI model indicates that the vegetation condition in Foggia province is relatively bad and also in some area in the Brindisi and Lecce province. The most serious land salinization problem is also in the Foggia province and some coastal areas. Here is the comparison of the calculated final desertification map and the official ESAI map, the biggest difference is in the middle part of Puglia region, mainly in Bari province, according to the drought index, this area is extremely wet, so the vulnerability of desertification is relatively low. Some similarities can also be seen between the two maps. Both maps in the northern mountainous areas in the Foggia province show a strong trend of land desertification. It can be inferred that the main reason for the desertification of land is due to water erosion.
REFERENCE: [1] Dongwoo Jang. 2018. Assessment of Meteorological Drought Indices in Korea Using RCP 8.5 Scenario [2] EC-European Commission. 1999. The Medalus Project: Mediterranean desertification and land use: manual on key indicators of desertification and mapping environmentally sensitive areas to desertification. Directorate-General Science, Research and Development. [3] Chang, S.; Wu, B.; Yan, N.; Davdai, B.; Nasanbat, E. Suitability assessment of satellite-derived drought indices for Mongolian grassland. J. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 650. [4] Haishuo Wei, Juanle Wang, Kai Cheng, Ge Li, Altansukh Ochir, Davaadorj Davaasuren, and Sonomdagva Chonokhuu. 2018. Desertification Information Extraction Based on Feature Space Combinations on the Mongolian Plateau [5] L. Salvati, M. Zitti, T. Ceccarelli, L. Perini. Developing a Synthetic Index of Land Vulnerability to Drought and Desertification, Journal of Geographical Research, Vol. 47, No. 3, 280–291, 2009 [6] L. Salvati, D. Angelis, s. Bajocco, A. Ferrara, m. Barone. Desertification Risk Long-Term Land- Use Changes and Environmental Resilience (Case Study in Basilicata, Italy), Journal of Scottish Geographical, Vol. 129, No. 2, 85–99, 2013. [7] M. Pashaei, A. Rashki, Adel Sepehr. An Integrated Desertification Vulnerability Index for Khorasan-Razavi, Iran. Natural Resources and Conservation 5(3): 44-55, 2017 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/nrc.2017.050302 [8] Monia Santini, Gabriele Caccamo, Alberto Laurenti, Sergio Noce, Riccardo Valentini. A multi-component GIS framework for desertification risk assessment by an integrated index. Applied Geography 30 (2010) 394–415 [9] Lifen Xu, Xuegong Xu, Xiangwei Meng. Risk assessment of soil erosion in different rainfall scenarios by RUSLE model coupledwith Information Diffusion Model: A case study of Bohai Rim, China. Catena 100 (2012) 74–82 [10] Silvia Vaninoa, Pasquale Ninoa, Carlo De Micheleb, Salvatore Falanga Bolognesib, Guido D'Ursoc,Claudia Di Bened, Bruno Pennellid, Francesco Vuoloe, Roberta Farinad, Giuseppe Pulighea,Rosario Napolid. Capability of Sentinel-2 data for estimating maximum evapotranspirationand irrigation requirements for tomato crop in Central Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment 215 (2018) 452–470 [11] https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/themes/rusle2015 [12] https://docplayer.it/53524086-Suolo-pascolo-e-qualita-dei-prodotti-zootecnici.html
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PHOTOGRAPHY
THE MOON
Supermoon April 7,2020
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Moon in the garden
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ONE AND INFINITY
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DRAWINGS
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PORTRAYAL OF IDYLL
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"Si el espacio es infinito estamos en cualquier punto del espacio. Si el tiempo es infinito estamos en cualquier punto del tiempo". -- Jorge Luis Borges
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