أمن وسلامة

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

   W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 



 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?   ?   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬



 K‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  I

 

 ١٥٠

 

 

 

   K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

KKK‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 KE‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   FW  ‫א‬٢٣٩KKKKKE

 ‫א‬٨٣KKKKE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬  ‫א‬٣٥KKKK  E‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬    ‫א‬١١٢KK  E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬  ٩٩KKKK

 

 ١٥٠

 

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 E‫א‬FW‫א‬  ‫א‬٢٨٣KK



 ‫א‬

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬  ‫א‬٨٢KKKK



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EK٢٧٠–١٧٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

E  FKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٠٠–١٥٠FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٩٣١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K

 

 ١٥٠

 

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬FW KE‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬

‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EE‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬FF



‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

١

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

•

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

•  

 

-١-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

–‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

–? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

–‫א‬،،،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

K‫א‬

 J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢-

 J٢  J٤

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬W

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ 

 K 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

E١F E٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٣-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١

K‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤  W‫א‬W

  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K  J١ K  J٢

K‫א‬  J٣ K‫א‬  J٤

 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥

-٤-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W    W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬–

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

    -٥-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

               

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

   

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

KK‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

         

-٦-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

             

‫א‬‫א‬

           



   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٧-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،،

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

E‫א‬L‫א‬L‫א‬F‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬، ‫א‬  K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ EF

 K

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  W،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬

-٨-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١ K‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

     

-٩-

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J١

‫א‬‫א‬

 J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٤

K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬–‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧  

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٥  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧               - ١١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

                                 

 

       

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٢ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

   ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫؟‬ J١  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤  

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

- ١٣ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫ א‬ J  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬      W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •    W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٤

‫א‬  ‫א‬

 J٥

K‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ١٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬

 W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  

- ١٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K١

 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣  

K‫א‬K٤

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K٦

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٨  

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٩

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٣   K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٤  

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K

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣  K‫א‬‫א‬K٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬K٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٧ 

  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W  ‫א‬‫א‬W  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ J

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬ J  

K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  W ‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  W‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J - ١٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫ه‬

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J    J

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫ه‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫ه‬

 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  

 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

- ٢٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٦

‫א‬‫א‬

 J٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٨

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ KW‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                        

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٢٢ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 

                         

 W‫א‬ J٤

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ -

‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

- ٢٣ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

                         ‫א‬

           

 

           

 ‫א‬ - ٢٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬-

 K‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KK‫א‬ - ٢٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

   

             

 

   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

- ٢٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬                            ‫א‬

- ٢٧ -

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٦

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 

                     ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٨ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

         

 

   

       ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ - ٢٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                  

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

 K‫א‬‫א‬ -

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

- ٣٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          

- ٣١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 K‫א‬E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E    

  

- ٣٢ -



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬  ١٢    W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •    W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬ J

  J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J

‫א‬ J

‫א‬ J    

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٣٤ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬W

‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ -

K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ -

K‫א‬ -

K‫א‬‫א‬ -

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

K‫א‬ -

- ٣٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

                      ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٦ -

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٣

 W‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KW‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ -

K‫א‬ -

K -

K‫א‬‫ א‬-

K‫א‬‫ א‬-

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫ א‬-

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Polydially Eglycol Carbonate (CR3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،

 K‫א‬                

- ٣٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

                          ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٩ -

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

- ٤٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥٠_٤٠FW‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

   

   

                   

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٢ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬• 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬

 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬K١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬K٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•  K

- ٤٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 



 

 

   

                   

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٦

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

- ٤٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ K‫א‬  J٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬  J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤ K  J٥ K‫א‬  J٦

                     

 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٥ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

                               

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       

      - ٤٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬E١

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٤

K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫؟‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٤٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬–

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٥

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬E٦

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٧

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٨

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٩

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K  

 W‫א‬E١٠

- ٤٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬E١١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬F‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E١٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E١٤

 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–E   ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬  

       

- ٤٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

                       

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬E١٥

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬E١٦

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

  ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬??  K‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E١٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬E١٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬K  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬E٢١

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢

 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K

 W‫א‬E٢٤

E‫א‬F‫א‬  ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٢٦

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE  ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

- ٥٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩

‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E٣٠

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ K‫א‬  J٦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ - ٥٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢F  K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦F 

                     

 

- ٥٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥‫א‬ J٤‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                 



- ٥٦ -

  



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬  J  K‫א‬‫א‬  J  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ٤  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٥٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٢

‫א‬‫א‬

 J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٦

‫א‬

E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 J٥  J٧  

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 ‫א‬

     

 

 

  

 

  - ٥٨ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

   

 ‫א‬‫א‬

     

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬

   

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

     

   

 

- ٥٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

   

 

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

K‫א‬KKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨ - ٦٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١ K‫א‬‫א‬ E٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٦ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٧

K‫א‬‫א‬ E٨

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩

       

- ٦١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

       





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫ א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦

K‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨ K‫א‬‫א‬  J٩

- ٦٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١١ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٢

 

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

 K‫א‬‫א‬W 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W

 K‫א‬‫א‬W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬W 

 ٥٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ K

- ٦٥ -



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١  K٣٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ K٢١‫א‬‫א‬

K١٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

 

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١

 K‫א‬‫א‬٢

 W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W

- ٦٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J١  K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦  E٦٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٩F‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬١٦‫א‬ J٧

 KE٢١٠F‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

 W‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ K‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ - ٦٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١

K‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣

K‫א‬  J٤

‫א‬‫א‬  J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦ K

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٢ K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

   

 

- ٦٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     

 

- ٦٩ -

 





‫א‬

‫א‬

٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬  J K‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬

     W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •    W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

W‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،

 

W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J - ٧١ -





 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 

 J  

W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

- ٧٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                             

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •  W‫א‬‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ •  K??‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  ‫א‬(B. C. F. S.)W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٧٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 EF‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬

KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • K‫א‬

E٢٢٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ • KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ٧٦ -

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )أ(‬

‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧ ﻮع‬ ‫)أ(‬ ‫ﻣ ﻮاد ﺻ ﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎدﻳ‬ ‫آﺎﻟﺨﺸ ﺐ‬ ‫واﻟ ﻮرق‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻤ ﺎش‬ ‫وﻏﻴﺮهﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤ ﺪ ﺗ ﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣ ﺎدة‬ ‫اﻹﻃﻔ ﺎء ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺐ‬ ‫)آﺎﻟﺨﺸ‬ ‫ﻮرق‬ ‫واﻟ‬ ‫واﻟﻘﻤ ﺎش‪ ..‬اﻟ ﺦ(‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺨ ﻮاص ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ‬ ‫أﻓﻀ ﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻮاد اﻹﻃﻔ ﺎء‬ ‫اﻷﺧ ﺮى ﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀ ﻞ اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ ﻮاد اﻟﺼ ﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ ﻷﻧﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌ ﺎود اﻻﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﺒﺮد ﺗﺒﺮﻳ ﺪا‬ ‫آﺎﻓﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟ ﻚ ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﻤ ﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻔﺬ ﺑﺴﺮﻋ ـﺔ إﻟ ﻰ‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺎء‬ ‫ﺎء ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻ ﻞ وﻏ ﺎز‬ ‫ﺪ ﻣﻀﻐﻮط‬ ‫ﺟﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء‬ ‫ﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫ﺪم‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻹﻃﻔ ﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ٩‬ﻟﺘﺮ ‪،‬‬

‫‪١٠‬م ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٧٧ -‬‬

‫‪١٨ - ١٠‬‬ ‫آﻐﻢ‬

‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫‪٢٠٠‬م‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )ب(‬

‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧ ﻮع‬ ‫)ب(‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ـﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫آ ﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺮﻏﻮة‬ ‫ﻳ ﺘﻢ إﺧﻤ ﺎد اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة‬ ‫ﺑﺸ ﻜﻞ ﻏﻄ ﺎء ﻓ ﻮق‬ ‫ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻌﻞ وﻳﺒﻘ ﻰ ه ﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻄ ﺎء ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺗﺸ ﻜﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻔ ﻲ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫وﻣﻨ ﻊ ﻣﻌ ﺎودة‬ ‫اﺷﺘﻌﺎﻟﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏﻮﻳ ﺔ ﺗﺼ ﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺼ ﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻀ ﻲ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫اﺷ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﺘ ﺮة ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ أو ﺗﺼ ﺒﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﻤ ﺮ ﺑﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ ﺧﺰاﻧ ﺎت‬ ‫ـﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘـﺴــﻘـﻴ‬ ‫وﺳ ﺨﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ‬ ‫وﺳ ﺨﺎﻧﺎت ﺑ ﺬر‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘ ﺎن وﻏﻼﻳ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻮرﻧﻴﺶ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺼ ﻌﺐ ﺗﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ رﻏ ﻮة ‪ ٩‬ﻟﺘـﺮ ‪١٨- ١٥‬‬ ‫آﻐﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻄ ﺎء ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﺁﻟﻴ ﺔ ﻓ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺳ ﺎﺋﻞ ﺣ ﺎر ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫وﻳﺴ ﺘﺤﻴﻞ ذﻟ ﻚ إذا‬ ‫آ ﺎن ه ﺬا اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺟ ﺎر ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﺳ ﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ ﻮدي ﻓﺎﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﻴﻞ ﻓ ﻮق‬ ‫ﺑﻼط أو ﺳﻄﺢ أﻓﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻤ ﻞ أن ﺗﻤﺘ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻓ ﻮق ﻣﺴ ﺎﺣﺔ اآﺒ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻦ ﻃﺎﻗ ﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫وهﻨ ﺎك ﻋ ﺪد ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ ﻣﺜ ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺤﻮل ﻟﺪﻳﻪ اﻟﻘﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻄﻴﻢ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬ ‫اﻟ ﺬي ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﺗﺸ ﻜﻴﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳ ﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟ ﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳ ﺔ‬ ‫وﺟﻌﻠ ﻪ ﻏﻄ ﺎء ﻏﻴ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫إﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ إﻟ ﻰ ذﻟ ﻚ‬ ‫ﻓ ﺈن اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻ ﻞ ﺟﻴ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء وﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺪم اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٧٨ -‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪٨‬م‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬ ‫‪ ١/٢‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ـﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫آ ﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺤﻮق‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﺠ ﺎف ‪(Dray‬‬ ‫)‪powder‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق اﻟﺠ ﺎف‬ ‫أﻓﻀ ﻞ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق ﻳﻄﻔ ﺊ‬ ‫ﺷ َﻌﻞ اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺘ ﺪة‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻓ ﻮق ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ وﻳﻔﻀ ﻞ‬ ‫اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺼ ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﻋ ﻦ اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣ ﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻞ أن ﺗﻤﺘ ﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫ﻗﺒ ﻞ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ ﺗﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻏﻄ ﺎء ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫إﻟ ﻰ أن اﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎف ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺻ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء وﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ‬ ‫اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻃﻤﺌﻨ ﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧ ﻮاص اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳ ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﺘ ﻊ ﺑﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق اﻟﺠ ﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﺪودة وﻻ ﺗﺤ ﻮل‬ ‫ﻮدة‬ ‫دون ﻋ‬ ‫اﻻﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺣ ﺪوﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫وآﺬﻟﻚ ﻓ ﺈن ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟ ﻪ‬ ‫أﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﻌ ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫داﺧ ﻞ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧ ﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺴ ﺨﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ آﺜﻴ ﺮًا‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﺷ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗ ﺖ أو‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ ﺑﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻃﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت ‪ ٢‬آﻐﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق‬ ‫ﺎف ‪ ٣‬آﻐﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﻮاﻋﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪٩‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٧٩ -‬‬

‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬

‫آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪٣‬م‬

‫‪ ١‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ٩‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪٥‬م‬

‫‪ ١ ١/٢‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪١٨‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪٧‬م‬

‫‪ ٤‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ـﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫آ ﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٣‬ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴ ﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴ ﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮن ﻋﻠ ﻰ إﻃﻔ ﺎء‬ ‫ﺷﻌﻞ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ ﻣ ﻦ ﻓ ﻮق‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫أآﺒ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ ﺳ ﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة وﻳﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ‬ ‫أﻓﻀ ﻞ ﻣﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﺤﺘﻤ ﻞ‬ ‫اﻣﺘ ﺪادهﺎ إﻟ ﻰ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸ ﻜﻴﻞ ﻏﻄ ﺎء آﺎﻣ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﻓ ﻮق‬ ‫ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻃﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴ ﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮن ﻹﺧﻤ ﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﺼ ﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻤﻞ ﺳ ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ أﺳ ﻄﺢ‬ ‫أﻓﻘﻴ ﺔ دون ﺗﻠﻮﺛﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺠ ﺎف أو‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة‪ .‬وﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎر اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺼ ﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴ ﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮن‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺘﻬ ﺎ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎآﻴﻨ ﺎت اﻟﺼ ﺒﻎ‬ ‫واﻟﺼ ﻘﻞ وأدوات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮاص اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘ ﻊ ﺑﻬ ﺎ ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫أآﺴ ﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺤ ﺪودة وﻻ ﺗﺤ ﻮل‬ ‫ﺎودة‬ ‫دون ﻣﻌ‬ ‫اﻻﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻤ ﻞ ﺣ ﺪوﺛﻬﺎ ﺑﻌ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫أﺿ ﻌﻒ ﻣ ﻦ ﻣﻔﻌ ﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﻓ ﻲ ﺣﺎﻟ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺘﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫داﺧ ﻞ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧ ﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ ﺗﺴ ﺨﻦ ﺗﻠ ﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ آﺜﻴ ﺮًا‬ ‫ﺑﺴ ﺒﺐ اﺷ ﺘﻌﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫أآﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬

‫‪ ١‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪ ٦‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٨٠ -‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬

‫‪-‬‬‫‪--‬‬

‫‪ ٣‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪ ١٦‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪١.٥‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪ ١/٢‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ٤‬آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪٢١-١٩‬‬ ‫آﻐﻢ‬

‫‪ ٣‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫‪ ١‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع )ب(‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ـﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺷ ﺘﻌﺎل‬ ‫آ ﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻮاﺋﻞ‬

‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺨﺮة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ إﺧﻤ ﺎد‬ ‫ﺷ ﻌﻞ اﻟﻠﻬ ﺐ ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻄﺢ اﻟﺴ ﺎﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ ﺘﻌﻞ ﺑﺴ ﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺼ ﻠﺢ ﺑﺼ ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﺼ ﻐﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﺟ ﺪًا ﻷن اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺴ ﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺻ ﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠ ﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺴ ﺒﻴًﺎ‪ .‬آﻤ ﺎ ﺗﺴ ﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺼ ﻔﺔ رﺋﻴﺴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻃﻔ ﺎء ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮآ ﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺗ ﺪار ﺑ ﺎﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬ ‫واﻟﺰﻳ ﺖ ﺑﺎﻹﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫إﻟ ﻰ ذﻟ ﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻬ ﺎ ﻏﻴ ﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ ﻋ ﺪم‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ أو‬ ‫اﺳ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻈﻬ ﺎ ﻓ ﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ ﺎآﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘ ﺔ‬ ‫أو أﻳ ﺔ أﻣ ﺎآﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻤ ﻞ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻨﺸﺎق اﻷﺑﺨ ﺮة‬ ‫ﺎزات‬ ‫أو اﻟﻐ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻬ ﺎ ﻋﻨ ﺪ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺿ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻣﻴ ﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﺜﻴ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺷ ﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴ ﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺼ ﺢ ﺑﻌ ﺪم‬ ‫اﺳ ﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺿ ﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﺮة ‪ ١/٢‬ﻟﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺒﺨ‬ ‫ﺳ ﻲ‪.‬ﺑ ﻲ‪.‬ام‬ ‫ﺑﻲ‪.‬ﺳﻲ‪.‬اف‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٨١ -‬‬

‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺬف‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ‬

‫‪ ٢‬آﻐﻢ ‪٧‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬

‫‪ ١/٣‬م‪٢‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬

‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬

‫ﺟﺪول اﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ ﻧﻮع )ج ‪ ،‬د(‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬

‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ ﻧ ﻮع‬ ‫)ج (‬ ‫ﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﻌ‬ ‫آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ أو‬ ‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ ﻧ ﻮع‬ ‫)د(‬ ‫ﺎدن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺣﺘ ﺮاق أو‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت‬

‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أآـﺴــﻴـﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑـﻮن ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﺠﺎف ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺨﺮة ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ه ﺬﻩ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد اﻟ ﺜﻼث أﻓﻀ ﻞ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟـﻤـﺴــﺤـﻮق اﻟﺠـﺎف ‪ ،‬وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻃﻔﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺎء أو اﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﻟﻬ ﺬا اﻟﻐ ﺮض ﺧﻮﻓ ًﺎ ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴــﻮاﺋـﻞ اﻟﻤـﺘـﺒـﺨـﺮة‪ .‬اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺼ ﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ‪) ،‬اﻟﻤ ﺎء واﻟﺮﻏ ﻮة ﻣﻮﺻ ﻼن ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎء(‬ ‫إﻻ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤ ﺎﻻت اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ ﻓﻴﻬ ﺎ ﻗﻄ ﻊ اﻟﺘﻴ ﺎر اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑ ﺎﺋﻲ ﻷن اﻟﻤ ﺎء ﻣ ﻦ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤ ﻮاد اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﻳﻤﻜ ﻦ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋ ﺪا اﻟﺤﺮاﺋ ﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﻲ ﺗﺸ ﻤﻞ زﻳﻮﺗ ًﺎ أو ﺳ ﻮاﺋﻞ ﻓﻴﺠ ﺐ اﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام ﻣ ﻮاد ﺧﺎﺻ ﺔ ﺑﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﻮاﺋﻞ ﻹﻃﻔﺎﺋﻬ ﺎ‪ ،‬آﻤ ﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﺒ ﺮ ﻃﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت ﺛ ﺎﻧﻲ أآﺴ ﻴﺪ اﻟﻜﺮﺑ ﻮن أﻓﻀ ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﻟﻠﺤﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺧﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟـﻤـﺴـﺤ ـﻮق اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴ ﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺤﻮق اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺠﺎف‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟـﺠــﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻧ ﻮع ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﺴ ﺤﻮق اﻟﺠ ﺎف ﻳﺼ ﻠﺢ ﻟﻜﺎﻓ ﺔ ﺣﺮاﺋ ﻖ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدن ﺑ ﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟ ﺪ ﻣﺴ ﺤﻮق ﺧ ﺎص ﻟﻜ ﻞ ﻧ ﻮع ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻤﻌ ﺎدن اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠ ﺔ ﻟﻼﺣﺘ ﺮاق‪ ،‬ﻟ ﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ اﻻﻟﺘ ﺰام ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﻗﺒ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺼ ﻨﻊ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺸ ﺎرة اﻟ ﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤ ﺪﻧﻲ ﻋﻨ ﺪ اﺧﺘﻴ ﺎر اﻟﻨ ﻮع اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳ ﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت هــﺎﻣـــﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺧﻄﻮرة آﺒﻴﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ إذا ﻣﺎ أﺳ ﻲء اﺧﺘﻴ ﺎر اﻟﻨ ﻮع اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺣﺮاﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪- ٨٢ -‬‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  K‫א‬

 J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٢

 J٤

 J٥

 

 W‫א‬

WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K 

- ٨٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- ٨٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

W‫א‬ •

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬

W‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE‫א‬F‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ W •

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

W •

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬، WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬  

- ٨٦ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

WEF‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

WEF‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ •

٤‫א‬٦‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬١٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K W‫א‬ •

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W  •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - ٨٧ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ •

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ • - ٨٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W •

، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬  

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬

 

     

 

 

 

 ‫א‬

     

- ٨٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 

 ‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 



- ٩٠ -

  



‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬  ٤    W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J    W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      

- ٩١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W‫א‬‫• א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ K‫א‬‫א‬

     

- ٩٢ -

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J٣

K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 J٢

 J٤

 J٥

 J٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

 E‫א‬–––F  W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 E–––F  W‫א‬

- ٩٣ -

 J٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 E––F  W‫א‬

 J٤

 K‫א‬

 J٥

 E‫א‬‫א‬––‫א‬‫א‬F  K

 J٦

 

 W‫א‬  W‫א‬

 J١

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

 J٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬KK‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

- ٩٤ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

                   E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩٥ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬–٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KK‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬

             ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬–٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  K

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ • ،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE  ‫א‬‫א‬ • ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬ - ٩٨ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

             

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J  K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  

  - ٩٩ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K J

 K‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬ J

 

- ١٠٠ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 W‫א‬–٥ ،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

             

             

 W‫א‬‫א‬–٦ - ١٠١ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 J٣

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬٥ ‫א‬

 J٢  J٤

 J٥

           

- ١٠٢ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ J٣‫א‬ J٢‫א‬ J١  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

   

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٣ -

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠  

 ‫א‬ 



 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KEK٢٧٠–١٧٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

 K K -

K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

KKK،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٥٠  

 ‫א‬ 



 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K١٩٩٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬L،‫א‬ K‫א‬L‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E NAJAA NETWORK FOR EDIFICATION AND GENERAL SAFETY ) ٢٠٠٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          

‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫א‪ ‬‬

‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ‪I .................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ ‪II ....................................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻲ ‪ :‬اﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫‪...................................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻷﻣﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ وإﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‪.................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ‪.............................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷوﻟﻲ ‪........................................................................‬‬

‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻏﺎﻳﺎت وأهﺪاف اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ وﻣﺴﺆﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫واﺟﺒﺎت إدارة أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫وﻗﻮع اﻟﺤﺎدث وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺆﻟﻴﺎت‪............................................................ ......‬‬ ‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻮادث ‪...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪........................................................................‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪١٧‬‬ ‫‪٢١‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٢‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﻮرش‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫أدوات اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ‪٣٦ ...........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪٤٩ ............................................................................‬‬ ‫إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮرش ‪٥٦ .......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪٥٨ .........................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻵﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪................................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮﻳﺔ واﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ‪......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫وﺿﻊ ﺧﻄﻂ اﻟﻄﻮارئ‪............................................................................ ......‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪.........................................................................‬‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬ ‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫‪٦٢‬‬ ‫‪٦٥‬‬ ‫‪٧٠‬‬

‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ١٥٠‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫א‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪ :‬أﻋﻤﺎل إﻃﻔﺎء اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‪.........................................................‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت‪............................................................ .............................‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪول ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﻔﺎﻳﺎت‪........................................................................... .....‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت إدارة اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ ‪.........................................................................‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺎت إرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ‪................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪.......................................................................‬‬

‫‪٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٧٣‬‬ ‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫‪٩٠‬‬ ‫‪٩١‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ‪ :‬اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬ ‫•‬

‫اﻟﻬﺪف ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻌﺎﻓﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﻣﻬﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻒ‪...................................................‬‬ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻃﺮق إﺳﻌﺎﻓﻬﺎ ‪............................................................ .........‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮوق وأﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ ‪........................................................................... .........‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻹﻏﻤﺎء ‪.............................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ‪.......................................................................‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺒﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ‪.....................................................................‬‬

‫‪٩٣‬‬ ‫‪٩٥‬‬ ‫‪٩٩‬‬ ‫‪١٠٢‬‬ ‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫‪١٠٤‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﺎﺗﻤﺔ ‪١٠٥ ..................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ‪١٠٦ .................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت ‪١٠٧ ..............................................................................................................‬‬