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[ VERNACULAR ] Zhang Minshi Application Number : 21112763 Selected Works from 2016 to 2020 South China University of Technology E-mail : ZoengManSi@outlook.com
Since I was a child, I have traversed through the dense fabric of the old part of Guangzhou, across the alleys and streets. Each street, building, and even pedestrian are closely related to my childhood. Due to urban renewal, the traditional market that I frequented as a child had been demolished, and the urban village in our neighborhood was replaced by high-end gated community. I realized that to a certain extent during the process, urbanization has neglected life, breaking the ubiquitous sense of connection between cities and their people. Every urban redevelopment and regeneration may change the original spatial fabric, reshape people’s daily habits, and even restructure social relationships. In this portfolio, I would express my critical point of view on preserving and inheriting characteristics of vernacular in urban and rural area.
MINSHI ZHANG
CONTENTS
+86 13512754489 ZoengManSi@outlook.com Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
EDUCATION
01 Rebirth of Ghost Town
South China University of Technology School of Architecture 2016.09 - 2021.06
01-04
Craco, Italy
Major : Urban and Rural Planning GPA : 3.66/4.0
AWARDS
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Construction Competition Excellent Award AkzoNobel China Student Sustainability Award Masters' Aesthetics Classes Award Certificate
EXPERIENCE
Guangzhou Fanglue architectural planning and Design Co. Ltd Urban Planning Intern Space Syntax Research on Street Vendors in Guangzhou Research Assistant (Supervisor: Prof. Xiaohong Ling)
PROJECTS
Lingnan International Architects' Village Main Designer
02 Community for All
03 Reshape the Personality
11-17
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
04 Learn from Village
Ciudades No-ficticias__Non-fictional Cities Team Leader
05-10
Guangzhou, China
18-23
Guangzhou, China
2019 Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism : Incremental Urbanism Group Member
05 Fading of History SOFTWARES
Rhinoceros
ArcMap
Grasshopper
Depthmap
AutoCAD
Adobe Illustrator
Sketch Up
Photoshop
Vray
Indesign
Lumion
MS Office Suite
24-28
Taishan, China
06 Other Works
29-30
01 Rebirth of Ghost Town
Tourism route design for retrieving the lost local culture
Location：Craco, Italy Area：3ha Personal Project in 2020.01 - 2020.02 (Year4) Individual Work
The small town of Craco in Italy suffered a geological landslide at the end of the 20th century. After the disaster, residents moved and the town was gradually abandoned and became a ghost town today. Today, the ruins that remain in the hills still reveal the fascinating history of the old town. The important buildings of the past, such as churches and palaces, are still well preserved and attract people from all over the world to enter the ghost town and explore. The ancient town is also located in a landscape with stunning natural scenery. In order to enable tourists to experience the charm of the ghost town in the past, a refuge system widely distributed among the ruins was created. It enables people to live in the ruins and fall asleep in the basement of a ghost city that they have discovered by accident. In order to integrate the refuges into the ghost town with humility, I extracted and learned from the formal features of the vernacular architectures. For the renovation of old buildings, the original state is preserved as much as possible, and only the interior space will be modified.
How Did Craco Become Ghost Town?
Tourist Attraction Vision Analysis
View Point Important Buildings Old Town
Migration of People In 540 BC, the Basilicata region was inhabited by Greeks who moved inland from the coastal city of Metaponto. In the more than one thousand years after the establishment of Craco, this ancient town has experienced many power transfers by feudal rulers. During the war in 1189, Craco became an important military fortress. The tower at the highest point in the town became a prison and a watchtower. Later, due to the plague, the number of craco residents began to decline. Coupled with the occurrence of landslides and geological disasters, the town is no longer suitable for human living and survival. In 1963, residents moved out to peschiera, after which craco became a completely abandoned ghost town.
BC540 Establishment of Craco
AD1200 Expansion of Craco
AD1630 Heyday of Craco
Extent of Landslide Damage
Extent of Ruins Remaining
Nowadays Craco
lightly
reserved
serious
destroyed
Hazard of Landsilde Over the course of two thousand years of history, Craco has continued to expand and grow across the mountain range. Due to frequent geological activity, the friction between geological plates led to mudslide disasters. The town was destroyed by the mudslides and some of its ruins still remain today.
2
Fascinating Natural Scenery Craco is located on a mountain range with the highest elevation of about 600 meters above sea level, with good and open views. The town is located in the Basilicata region in Italy, which has an attractive hilly terrain, formed over millions of years as a result of the intense geological activity in the area. The view from the center of Craco offers a wide range of views of nature from different distances.
Rigorous Form and Proportion of Windows
Insert New Function of Old Style New Refugees
a/2 b b/2
Meditation Room
Overlook Terrace
Concert Hall
Residential Suite
Tourist Center
Lavatory
Dining Hall
Dome Screening Room
b/2 a
a
Prototype of Space The architectural form of Craco is strongly Roman in style, with architectural features of barrel arches, arched windows and doors. These arches have strict proportions, usually forming a height to width ratio of 3 to 2, and the height of the arches corresponds to the width of the windows. In addition to the round arches, sloping roofs are a common element of local architecture. In order to learn these ancient architectural features, a series of deformations based on proportional definitions are used to derive different spatial prototypes that serve as a basis for the design of the shelter space.
Original Architectures
1
2 2
The Palazzo Carbone Exhibition Hall
Tourism Route
3
The Torre Normanna Spiritual Place
The Palazzo Grossi Church
The Palazzo Rigirone Monastery
4
02 Community for All
A solution for gentrification in low-income residential area
Location：Guangzhou, China Area：60 ha Academic Project in 2020.04 - 2020.06 (Year 4) Individual Work Instructor : Zhao Miaoxi (arzhao@scut.edu.cn), SCUT
Guangzhou, as a modern metropolis, has a history of thousands of years. The traces of history left in the city turn into the contradiction between the urban residential style, which is reflected between the urban village and the highend residential area. For urban renewal, the villages in the city were demolished one by one, and tall residential buildings were built. The aborigines in urban villages cannot afford the high cost of living, and gentrification is spreading in the cities. The project is located in the Guangzhou Shipyard, an abandoned industrial plot in urgent need of transformation. The high-end residential area nearby is closely adjacent to the village in the city, forming a sudden urban landscape. When the urban village is facing demolition, can this plot contribute to the solution of urban problems? The project hopes to integrate the living habits of people of different income levels to create an urban community that serves everyone.
Why Does Gentrification Happen in Low-income Residential Area?
Conflicts between three residential contexts In the process of urban development, human living space is constantly iterated and updated. Low-income residential area, the historical part of the city and the living space of low-income people, is being demolished. Traditional multi-story residential buildings still occupy a place in the city. High-end residential communities continue to appear and the cost of living space continues to increase.
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The superior planning and capital forces began to renew and transform the urban space, trying to erase the old elements in the city. Guangzhou Shipyard therefore experienced a history from its peak to demolition, which led to the lay-off of blue-collar workers. After the low-income residential area was demolished, the low-income class, including workers, lost their original living space. With the establishment of new residential communities, land prices continue to rise, making it difficult for the indigenous to survive.
High-end Community
Ordinary Residential Area
Low-income Residential Area
Renewal of Urban Settlements and Relocation of People
We still have farmland in the city to cultivate!
Our city-village was demolished, so we were forced to move out...
I don't think I can adapt to the living condition there...
We has beautiful landscape in our urban community!
The shipyard closed down and all our workers were laid off...
Demand Attention of There Communities Low-income residential area Middle residential area High-end residential area
Programming Map
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Design Strategy Traffic Flow
Urban Agriculture
Landscape System
Pedestrian Flow
Water Connection
Programatic Zoning
Urban Village
Prototype A
Prototype B
Block A
Combination
Block B
Middle-class Residential Area
The new urban design can be integrated with the original surrounding urban texture. On the central axis of the waterfront, high-end residential area and central park continue. For low-income residential area, texture of farmland and characteristic of low space are preserved.
Prototype A
Prototype B
Block A
Combination
Block B
High-end Residential Area
Prototype A
Prototype B
Block A 8
Combination
Block B
Master Plan
library
food
exhibition
vegetable market
shopping mall
picking-up farm
public park
Functional Program
Transportation System
orchard
woodland
experiment farmland
sponge city
ornamental landscape
house farm
roof garden
Green Space Program 9
Phase 1 Retain the indigenous
Phase 3 Introduce outside residents
urban farmland
family farmland
high-end residential area
greenhouse
city park
shopping mall
sankey fish pond
renovation slipway park
city park
residential area
agricultural market
water bus
transportation
experiment farmland
Continuation of the urban road network structure. Create a residential area of urban village. Preserve and develop urban farmland.
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Phase 2 Create urban landscape
Renovation of abandoned shipyard buildings. Create a landscape along the river. Improve planning of urban agriculture.
Build new urban residential areas. Create residential landscape. Incorporate into diverse groups of people.
03 Reshape the Personality
Reforming Abandoned Space in Favéla by Encoraging self-building
Location：Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Area：56 ha Academic Project in 2020.03 - 2020.05 (Year 4) Individual Work Instructor : Xiao Yiqiang (yqxiao@scut.edu.cn), SCUT
In Rio de Janeiro, a city full of favélas, housing has always been a big problem. In the urban development period when industries moved away from the urban area, abandoned factories have been invaded by the poor and become spaces for their daily life and cultural activities. This chaotic spatial state urgently needs to be changed, and the poor also need more space to live. Favélas have many inherent problems which are difficult to change, such as social security, lack of space, and disqualification of education. The changes to favélas cannot use the conventional top-down approach, but need to think about the needs of civilians from the bottom. The project hopes to bring in local materials from favélas to promote spontaneous spatial transformation behaviors and form a long-term strategy for development of favéla area.
Background
Story between Factory and Favela é
Elements
Maré, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was one of the favélas with the longest history. It is close to Guanabara Bay and has direct access to University City Island.
Classification
Maré is adjacent to an abandoned factory area, which is crossed by the Brazil Avenue with a lot of traffic. The expansion of the industrial area fought against the development of Maré for half a century, and finally ended in the abandonment of the factory area. The inhabitants of the slums successfully entered the factory and occupied the abandoned space.
History of Maré In the period of pre-colonial era, fishermen have lived in this area of Guanabara Bay for more than 8,000 years.
BC
The severe drought happened in northeastern Brazil has prompted people to flow to the southern cities like Rio de Janeiro.
The government has initiated housing policies, such as Provisional Housing Centre, so Maré community has been maintained and developed.
Industries began to withdraw from urban area and moved to the suburbs, and factories were gradually abandoned.
1940s
1960s
1990s
1940
1946
2020
1976
These family immigrants joined the local fishermen along the coast, who built palafitas on the water and established the Baixa do Sapateiro community (the first favéla community) before 1940.
The Brazil Avenue was built to improve the connection between the city and suburbs. It has brought many industrial projects to the region, creating an industrial zone that provides conditions for people to migrate.
The National Housing Bank proposed to demolish the favélas, but it was strongly opposed by the community committee. In the end the residents were able to stay in the area, but palafitas were demolished.
After the factory was abandoned, slums began to invade the abandoned spaces. Many homeless people even directly occupy the factory premises as temporary homes.
25%
12% 36%
33%
21%
75%
52%
40%
27%
68%
faactory
Problems in Favéla In Brazil, most people in cities live in favélas, where there are various social problems. The dense number of families, lack of public space, prominent social problems, and backward education have caused the favélas to sink deeper and deeper. Rio de Janeiro, once a city of industry, factories occupy a lot of land in the city. And the story between the factory and the slum is happening.
12
11% favela
river
Investigation
13
Design Strategy
Activity Analysis of People
Local Material Analysis Due to the enthusiastic and active nature of Brazilians, the daily activities of the people living in the Maré favéla are still rich and colorful, and are not restricted by space. The building also used a variety of materials for construction and repair, used to carry daily life. Therefore, research and extract people's activity needs and daily accessible materials as the starting point of the design.
14
Self-build Functional Structure
15
abandoned scaffolds in factory
collect waste materials in favela
collect and classify scaffolds
make wall with waste materials
collaborate to rebuild scaffolding
finish walls with different occlusion
calls for thoughts and discussion
build up the whole structure for needs
Structure Analysis It is constructed by collecting scaffolding abandoned in abandoned factories to form the main body of the scaffolding structure. The various materials that can be collected in the favélas are transformed into plates, fabrics, etc. suitable for scaffolding assembly, which are connected to the structure to form a complete scaffolding structure.
The panel furniture is fixed on the shelf by screws, and then fixed on the bowl buckle scaffold by bolts.
16
The board wall is fixed on the crossbar by screws, and the cloth wall can be directly tied to the scaffold structure.
The structural vertical rods are connected before layering to ensure the continuity and stability of the structures.
Phase1 - Become centers
JUST BUILT 17 All drawings were produced individually.
Phase2 - Open up squares
ONE YEAR LATER
Phase3 - Occupy and reuse abandoned factorys
TWO YEARS LATER
04 Learn from Village
Recovering and improving cultural environment in rural area
Location：Guangzhou, China Area：600m² Academic Project in 2020.09 - 2020.10 (Year 5) Group Work with Zhang Wenhao, Chen Jianming, He Xiaoya In Lingnan International Architects Village Project Responsible for surveying, concept, architectural design. Further polished and reproduced all drawings individually. Instructor : Sun Yimin (arymsun@scut.edu.cn), SCUT
Gangtou Village, a traditional ancient village with a long history, has a unique layout of Lingnan villages. The profound culture contained in it is also reflected in rural life. Due to the renewal and development of the cities, the population has gradually migrated to urban area far away from the village, and the inheritance of traditional culture and the beauty of the rural environment have gradually disappeared. There are many ways to revitalize the countryside in the Chinese context. One of the methods is to create a strategy that fits the rural culture and induce population backflow. The project aims to study and inherit rural culture, to guide the construction of rural style with new buildings, and to awaken rural memories with its carrying functions.
From Urban to Rural Area
Spatial Translation
Typical Lingnan Layout
San Jian Liang Lang
Clay Sculpture
Back to the mountain and face the water, sit in north and face to south, a typical layout with great ventilation.
Three houses with two corridors, a ventilated cold alley is formed, internal patio can be entilated.
Lingnan buildings have unique artistic features, using woodcuts, brick carvings, murals in skills, and the pictures present exquisite figures.
Gangtou Village is located in Huadu District, Guangzhou, far away from dense urban construction areas. The village is very close to Liuxi River and has a rural style. The village is only nine kilometers away from the airport and can be reached directly through Huadu Avenue.
Analysis of Traditional Building Space The San Jian Liang Lang have three-entry spaces, forming two internal courtyards. The depth of the building is very long, so it can form a good ventilation effect with the courtyards. The tiled roof completes the heat insulation performance for the building, and the courtyard forms good heat dissipation effect.
19
Surrounding Rural Environment
Spatial Transition of Ventilation Effect
Lingnan educational workshop is located at the entrance of Gangtou Village, at the junction of two village areas. The rural environment is very beautiful, surrounded by mountains, and large-scale farmland and ponds are distributed all around. Huadu Avenue leads directly to the village, and the village road extends in all directions, connecting the site and the village.
The unique village layout and architectural form have obvious Lingnan characteristics. The building has excellent ventilation performance, cooling the village in the subtropical climate. The architecture creates a large depth space through the transformation of space, in order to obtain a good ventilation effect.
Lifestyle in Traditional and Modern Village
Village Benefit by Architecture
Relationship Between People Craftsmen who inherit handicrafts skill can use wood, rice, oil and salt ('Chai Mi You Yan') in rural daily life to complete the production of clay sculputure. This unique rural skill can be taught to architects and students. With new materials research methods after sharing and teaching, the handicrafts and structures that were made by architects are the products of traditional culture in the new era. The promotion of craftsmanship back-feeds the countryside, which will also attracts more tourists to understand the rural culture and rebirth traditional culture. The building is related to the rural environment and the rural population. In order to adapt to the Lingnan climate, learning the rural ventilation environment and transforming it into a vertical space with ventilation effect. The function of the building is related to the gathering of people, and the core space creates a rural living room to benefit all villagers.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Handicraft Research Room Architect Studio Conference Room Classroom Coffee Bar Craft Store Resting Area Terrace Village Living Room Model Workshop Washroom
3
1 2
Handicraft Research Room
Conference Room
4 8 6 5
Classroom
7
Craft Store
11
10
9
Village Living Room
21
Model Workshop
Axonometric Explosion
Detail of Construction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Mortar Waterproof Membranes Reinforced Concrete IPE 300 T-steel Mineral Wool Panels Tensile ceiling Wooden floor panels Joist Underfloor heating Corrugated SteeI Decking Phenolic Foam Rigid Insulation Solar Panel HEA 140 T-steel Armoured Glass Metal Support Structure Wood
a
b
c
c
b
a
22
23
Model Workshop
Classroom
Village Living Room
Backyard Scenery
05 Fading of History
Evolving Collective Form in Incremental Urbanism
Location：Taishan, China Area：3ha Research Workshop in 2019.05 - 2019.10 (Year3) Exhibited in 2019 Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism Responsible for field investigation, mapping, drawing and analysing. Further polished and reproduced all drawings individually. Supervisor : Elaine Kwong, Jason Ho, Wang Chengfang (cfwang@scut.edu.cn), SCUT
The story took place in Taishan, the hometown of overseas Chinese, which is rich in culture, where remains many Xu( 圩 ) , a kind of market in villages. The project regarded the Meijia Courtyard as a research base to investigate the bottom-up informal urban renewal strategy of Taishan, Guangdong. The workshop conducted field surveys on the Mei's compound and digs into the history and stories of the arcade complex and local residents. Through comparative analysis of historical evolution, spatial form, and architectural structure, it tries to analyze and explore its internal characteristics from its development, and understand the meaning of incremental urbanism in different contexts.
How Did the Local Culture Developed and Be Forgotten?
Theory : Collective Form of Fumihiko Maki In Fumihiko Maki's Investigations in Collective Form , he considered about visual language to cope with and illustrate systems of buildings and cities. Then he proposed three kinds of collective form, that is, compositional form, mega-structure and group form, generally summarized the different forms of existing man-made architecture. Group form evolves from a system of generative elements in space.
Fumihiko recognized the basic ideas from a historical Japanese town. The consistent use of original basic materials, human scale preserved in the town and development sequence of the elements was found worth to investigate for more ideas of group form theory.
Forms in group form have their own built-in link, whether expressed or talent, so that they may grow in a particular system...
Investigation Methodology
Xinning County was established.
local urban area
Ximen Xu ( 圩 ) was built.
Xining Shi ( 市 ) was built.
Renamed as Taicheng.
Taicheng developed.
vernacular Xu area
Local Culture Was Squeezed by Urban Development Xinning County was surrounded by city walls when it was first built, with three gates in the east, west and south. Due to commercial demand, Ximenxu and Xining City were established outside the city walls. Residents in the county town would go to the west of the city to go to the market, so the city wall that blocked the flow of people was demolished. With the development of the times and the continuous development and expansion of cities, the two Xus were closely surrounded by cities. Urban life was becoming more and more colorful, and the function of the markets gradually lost its appeal. The original Xu markets space was also occupied and became a part of the modern city.
25
The Heyday of Tingjiang Xu
1987 Demolition of Old Market
1970 Decline of Market Activity
1932 Thrive Period of Tingjiang Xu
1887 Foundation of Datong Shi
Development of Spatial Form
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[ 1887 ] A clan established Datong Shi ( 市 ) by the Datong River, back to the Dalongdong Mountain. [ 1919 ] There were once a theatre and a volleyball field at the open space during this period. [ 1930 ] Due to the disagreement between the Mei's( 梅 ) clan and the Ruan's( 阮 ) clan in Datong Shi, the initiator of Mei's proposed to set up a new market next to Datong Shi.
[ 1932 ] Eleven Mei's( 梅 ) , two Qiu's( 邱 ) , together with one respectively from the Wu( 吴 ) , Cao( 曹 ) , Liang( 梁 ) and Jiang( 江 ) clans found a new market, Tingjiang Xu( 圩 ) . The Xu was planned in the form of center plaza. Two moveable market canopys, which were in the center of the square, were used for the sale of food and goods. [ 1940 ] The period of nine years from 1932 to 1940 was the most splendid period after the opening of Market.
[ 1943 ] With the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders bombed Tingjiang Market. [ 1970 ] The status of agriculture far surpasses commerce, which led to the construction of dams along the river to limit floods to protect farmland. [ 1980 ] Boatmen began to build houses along the river, forming a completely different structural logic with Tingjiang Xu.
[ 1987 ] The new Datong Bridge was built on the northwest side of the Xu, and a connected highway was also built. [ 1990 ] The market canopys was demolished. [ 1994 ] The old city of Tingjiang Xu was renovated, and all regular markets moved into Datong Shi. Since then, almost all commercial activities have left and thus the old market was demolished completely.
Relationship Between Form and Units
Vernacular Unit Prototype Research Owner of No.91 Owner of No.92
Functional Change
Composition of Plan Form Tingjiang Xu was built in the form of a central square. It provides a spacious space as a market and solves the problem of insufficient space along the street in ordinary market. In the early planning, the entire plan was divided into six rows of shops, that is, six Dun( 墩 ) . which is still reserved today. Two canopies are placed on the square for market activities.
No.92 Arcade in 1932
Each unit has a similar size and shape. The shop is eight feet long (about 24 meters), and the number of floors and height are determined by each owner.
Clans Culture in Foundation of Xu When Tingjiang Xu was established, a shareholding investment system was established. As the initiator of Tingjiang Xu , Mei clan has many people from the Mei's ( 梅 ) to participate in it, so it has the majority of shares. In addition, the Qiu's ( 丘 ) , the Jiang's ( 江 ), the Huang's ( 黄 ), the Zhang's ( 张 ), the Liang's ( 梁 ), the Wen's ( 温 ), the Wu's ( 伍 ), and the Li's ( 黎 ) all have equity participation, forming a cultural bond created by multiple surnames and multiple clans.
Each arcade building has been inherited and used by generations of homeowners, and has experienced its own historical story. No. 92 arcade was used as a clinic when the Xu was built, and its function is in the form of business and residence.
A
Mei 梅
Qiu 丘
Jiang 江
Huang others 黄
A'
public
Space Relationship in Spatial Form The arcade building is mainly used for private functions, and the colonnade space formed by it becomes a semi-private and semipublic space between indoor and outdoor. The central plaza and the space along the river are the main public spaces, where major commercial activities took place.
27 27
Section A-A'
Local Story of History Scheduled Market Day
arcade buildings
cargo pier
1930s
shop
wet goods water performance market transportation
Non-scheduled Market Day
arcade buildings
wet goods water market transportation
Nowadays
arcade buildings
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Mei Zhongru, who is one of the co-founders of Tingjiang Xu, set up his own Chinese medicine clinic called Renshoutang at No.92 Building. During the same period, trading activities in the market were very prosperous.
1950s
shop
dry goods stall
Reform and Opening Up - Transfer and Dwelling
During the Republic of China, the market gradually became deserted. The original owner left his hometown and traveled across the ocean, leaving the arcade building to his relatives for residential functions.
2010s
shop
Republic Period - Clinic and Dwelling
Nowadays - Coffee Shop and Dwelling
With the development of the times, people are migrating to cities. The canopy in the center of the square in Tingjiang Xu has been demolished, and the market was completely demolished.
06 Other Works Bamboo Design and Construction
Luminous Column Construction
Rotating Pillar Carried out in Year 1, May, 2017 Instructed by Zhong Guanqiu Carried out in Year 2, October, 2017 Instructed by Zhong Guanqiu
Group Work with Jin Yifei, Cao Linxi, Deng Sihua, Guo Yu, Zhong Longjie.
Group Work with Dai Lin, Liang Yingwei, Cao Linxi, Jin Yifei, Yang Zelin, Luo Chengyu, Ye Hongren, Liang Yajie.
This is a collaborative project of pillar design. I am mainly responsible for morphological design, software modeling, and cooperated with other team members to build this two-meterhigh luminous pillar.
Utilizing the characteristics of the radial growth of bamboo, the design and construction of the dome are completed. The finished design was rebuilt in Nansha Waterbird World Park.
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Paintings
Model Works
Form Practice Design Individual Project Carried out in Year 1, December, 2016 Instructed by Leng Tianxiang Using manual models to explore the relationship between light and shadow, virtual and reality.
Summer Dream
Youth Apartment Individual Project Carried out in Year 2, December, 2017 Instructed by Luo Linhai Designing a short-term rental apartment that meet the needs of young people.
Kindergarten Individual Project Carried out in Year 2, June, 2018 Instructed by Chen Changyong
Story of Old Wood
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Crocks On the Wall
A circular space kindergarten designed for children who love to run by nature.