.......................................................................
* ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٩ :ﻡ
ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ٢٠٠٩/١٢/١ :ﻡ
ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ،ﻭﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺤﺜﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺵ ،ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﻡ )ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ( ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺒﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺵ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ ،ﺜﻡ ﺭﺼﺩﺕ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺫﻟﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺼﻨﹼﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ :ﺍﻷﻭل :ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻓﻌﻼﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ( ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ :ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ :ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺭﺼﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ .
ﺜﻡ ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ .
Abstract This study aims at examining one of the comparative subjects according to a sect of Arabic heritage researchers. This sect looks for the relation between Arabs and Abyssinians, and it started determining who the Abyssinians are and what were the efforts they had done to collect words that are thought to be of Abyssinian origin. The study has classified these words into three types; First are the words that absolutely originate from ge<ez, second are the words which are in common with languages beside being common with ge<ez, Finally, the words that were decided to be of ge<ez origin by these researchers. However, the study has not included the third type in the ge<ez lexicon, or this type itself might not be considered a ge<ez dialect. After all, a descriptive comparative method was used to get to a set of deductions about those relationships.
: ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ )ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ( ﺭﻫﻁﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺒﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺈﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺎ ،ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻫﻀﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﺈﺭﺘﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﺠﻴﺒﻭﺘﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﻤﺎل ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺔ * ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ،ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ.
ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴﺔ).(١
ﻭﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺴﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺤﺒﺸﻴـﺔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻟﻬﻡ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ ،ﺒل ﻫﻡ
ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻏﻴﺭ
ﺃﻨﱠﻬﻡ ﻜﺘﺒﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ ،ﻭﻋﻼﻗـﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺠﻴﺭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ. ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻅﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻐـﺔ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠـﺔ ﻓﻲ
٦٧