جهود العلماء المسلمين فى تاصيل المفردات الحبشية

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‫‪ .......................................................................‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪* ‬‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٩ :‬ﻡ‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ‪٢٠٠٩/١٢/١ :‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺒﺤﺜﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﻡ )ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺒﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﺒﺎﺵ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺭﺼﺩﺕ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺒﺫﻟﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺩﻭﺍ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺼﻨﹼﻔﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻓﻌﻼﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﻡ ﺘﺭﺼﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ‪ .‬‬

‫ﺜﻡ ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ .‬‬

‫‪Abstract‬‬ ‫‪This study aims at examining one of the comparative subjects according to a sect of Arabic heritage‬‬ ‫‪researchers. This sect looks for the relation between Arabs and Abyssinians, and it started determining‬‬ ‫‪who the Abyssinians are and what were the efforts they had done to collect words that are thought to be‬‬ ‫‪of Abyssinian origin.‬‬ ‫‪The study has classified these words into three types; First are the words that absolutely originate‬‬ ‫‪from ge<ez, second are the words which are in common with languages beside being common with‬‬ ‫‪ge<ez, Finally, the words that were decided to be of ge<ez origin by these researchers. However, the‬‬ ‫‪study has not included the third type in the ge<ez lexicon, or this type itself might not be considered a‬‬ ‫‪ge<ez dialect. After all, a descriptive comparative method was used to get to a set of deductions about‬‬ ‫‪those relationships.‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ )ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ( ﺭﻫﻁﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺒﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺒﺈﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻫﻀﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺈﺭﺘﺭﻴﺎ ﻭﺠﻴﺒﻭﺘﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬ ‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺠﺯﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﻴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ‪ ‬‬ ‫* ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻴﺴﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺤﺒﺸﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﻟﻬﻡ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻫﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻨﱠﻬﻡ ﻜﺘﺒﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗـﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺭﻕ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺠﻴﺭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻙ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻌﺯﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻅﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻐـﺔ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﺤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻅﻠﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠـﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪٦٧‬‬ ‫‪‬‬


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