Ries magazine 02 2015 by Ries Natural Cosmetics

A5?9 ID JCCF 89 8CB?9F9 <I=8

E<8F @4:4M<A8

HCB;8=5;BCG9

9GG9BH=99@ 6=> 89 69<5B89@=B;

J5B 97N99A DGCF=5G=G 9B

<55FDFC6@9A9B

_!cih

g_] kcf

H = : 5 ; 9 H G = 89 D CD ]^Yfg

AH@@8E %#$( %

GdY FYac

NATURAL COSMETICS

R I E S

Rituelen geven structuur. Structuren geven zekerheid zonder je intuïtie in de weg te staan. Intuïtie is het gevoel waarop je kunt vertrouwen als je essentie zuiver is. Essentie is de pure vorm van zuiverheid die aan de basis staat van ons ‘zijn ‘ en onze sensitiviteit. Sensitiviteit is het vermogen om waarneming te kunnen plaatsen bij het juiste gevoel. Dit vermogen komt vanuit de schoonheid van je pure ‘ik ‘.

Feel Nature, Feel Rich, Feel RIES

JCCFKCCF8 =Zi lZZg `Vc cd\ \ZZc `ZjoZ bV`Zc! \VVc lZ kddg YZ l^ciZg d[ \Zc^ZiZc lZ cd\ kVc YZ odc4 9Z 8]^cZoZc odjYZc oZ\\Zc0 »`^ZoZc lZ kddg N^c d[ `^ZoZc lZ kddg NVc\4 KVc Yî YâZbbV ]ZWWZc l^_ dd` aVhi lVci lZa`Z `ZjoZh bV`Zc l^_ cj4 =Zi WZ\^ci Va W^_ ]ZaZ WVhVaZ Y^c\Zc0 LVi igZ``Zc lZ VVc4 @aZYZc lZ dch lVgb \ZcdZ\ d[ kViiZc lZ idX] hi^Z`Zb YVi `djY_Z### :c ^c YVi aVVihiZ \ZkVa! lVi YdZc lZ YVVg YVc VVc4 >c Yî bV\Vo^cZ ]ZWWZc lZ lZZg ZZc VVciVa aZj`Z Zc ^ciZgZhhVciZ Vgi^`ZaZc kddg j kZgoVbZaY# A^cYV Gji\Zgh ]Zaei dch lZZg de lZ\ W^_ lVi lZ VVc `jccZc igZ``Zc# =Zi Ä_cZ ^h YVi Yî kZZaVa ^c Z^\Zc \VgYZgdWZ `Vc! `^_` Zg ZZch dec^Zjl cVVg Zc kZggVh _ZoZa[# Dd` \VVc lZ ^c de ]Zi bV`Zc kVc `ZjoZh# OdVah ]Zi lZZg \ZZc `ZjoZ `Vc bV`Zc! ]ZWWZc lZ ]^Zg oZa[ dd` lZa ZZch aVhi kVc# 9Z _j^hiZ `ZjoZ bVV` _Z Vah _Z \dZY ^c _Z kZa oî# 6ah _Z ZZc \ZodcYZ aZZ[hi^_a ]ZWi lVVgYddg _Z a^X]VVb dd` ^c hiVVi ^h `ZjoZh iZ bV`Zc Zc oV`Zc Y^Z c^Zi \dZY kdZaZc de _j^hiZ l^_oZ iZ kZgiZgZc# Hdbh `Vc _Z a^X]VVb ]^ZgW^_ lVi dcYZghiZjc^c\ \ZWgj^`Zc# AZZh dkZg YZ hjeeaZbZciZc Y^Z G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ]^ZgW^_ ^coZi# Odg\ Zgkddg YVi _Z c^Zi \ZkadZgY ldgYi Yddg YZ \g^Ze d[ VcYZgZ l^ciZg`lVVai_Zh# BdX]i Yî dckZg]ddei idX] \ZWZjgZc! aZZh YVc ^c Yî bV\Vo^cZ ]dZ _Z YZoZ Z[[ZXi^Z[ oZa[ `jci WZ]VcYZaZc# BdX]i lZZg Zc l^cY kVc ^ckadZY o^_c de _Z ]j^Y! ]VcYZc Zc kdZiZc! ZiX# YVc odj _Z ZZch ZZc WZodZ` `jccZc WgZc\Zc VVc YZ hX]ddc]Z^YhheZX^Va^hiZ d[ eZY^XjgZ# =Zi oVa _Z YVc c^Zi dci\VVc YVi oZ _Z kgV\Zc cVVg _Z idc\# LVi4 B^_c idc\ aViZc o^Zc W^_ YZ hX]ddc]Z^YhhVadc d[ eZY^XjgZ4 6Vc _Z idc\ kVai ]ZZa kZZa V[ iZ aZoZc! YVi ^h cVijjga^_` Va kVc djYh]Zg WZ`ZcY# G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh \ZZ[i igV^c^c\Zc VVc YZ hVadch Y^Z bZi dch egdYjì lZg`Zc db od idi ZZc \dZYZ Y^V\cdhZ iZ `dbZc# AVVi oZa[ VVc YZ ]VcY kVc jl \ZaVVi d[ kdZi ^c XdbW^cVi^Z bZi jl idc\ bVVg ZZch ZZc Y^V\cdhZ bV`Zc# AZZh Zg bZZg dkZg Dd` `jci j dch WZodZ`Zc de YZ \ZodcY]Z^YhWZjgh kVc && i$b &) [ZWgjVg^ ^c YZ ?VVgWZjgh iZ JigZX]i# >c YZ BdWâZ HeV WZci j kVc ]VgiZ lZa`db db ZZc Y^V\cdhZ iZ aViZc hiZaaZc# AZoZgh kVc G>:H BV\Vo^cZ `g^_\Zc *% `dgi^c\ de YZ ZcigZZ >c '%&* ^h ]Zi ^Zih gjhi^\Zg \ZlZZhi W^_ G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh### iZcb^chiZ YVi a^_ì kddg j b^hhX]^Zc od# :X]iZg c^Zih ^h b^cYZg lVVg! Zg ^h ]VgY \ZlZgì Zc \ZWdjlY VVc YZ c^ZjlZ à^c^Z`# BZY^d bVVgi kZg]j^hi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh cVVg YZ HiZZ\# De YZoZ adXVi^Z ojaaZc ^c YZ idZ`dbhi WZ]VcYZa^c\Zc Zc igV^c^c\Zc eaVVihk^cYZc# J WZci kVc ]VgiZ jî\ZcdY^\Y db ZZc `^_`_Z iZ `dbZc cZbZc# L^_ \VVc '%&+ kda Zci]djh^VhbZ Zc bZi kZZa kZgigdjlZc iZ\ZbdZi# LZ ]deZc j YVVg lZZg iZ dcibdZiZc! eZghddca^_` de YZ WZjgh! W^_ dch d[ k^V Yî bV\Vo^cZ# =Zi ilZZYZ _VVg G>:H BV\Vo^cZ ^h ZZc [Zî Zc l^_ o^_c Zg igdih de YVi YZoZ ^cb^YYZah ]VVg lZ\ k^cYi cVVg bZZg YVc &%%#%%% aZoZgh# L^_ ]deZc YVi j Yî BV\Vo^cZ bZi eaZo^Zg Zc ^ciZgZhhZ ojai aZoZc Zc YZoZ dd` jl kg^ZcYZc! WZ`ZcYZc Zc [Vbâ^Z c^Zi ojai dci]djYZc# BVâ ]Zi BV\Vo^cZ Yddg d[ WZhiZa YZoZ ^c ]VgY"Xden! dd` aZj` Vah XVYZVj L^_ lZchZc j ZZc bdd^ Zc \ZodcY '%&+ idZ G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh

J=G=9 J5B F=9G 7CGA9H=7G ?kU`]hY]h jUb XY \i]X CaghUbX][\YXYb jUb Vi]hYb

=bkYbX][ gmghYYa

JcYX]b[

5XYa\U`]b[

?`]aUUh# _`]aUUhVY\YYfg]b[ #YbYf[]Y

6Y`UghVUUf\Y]X

KYf_ \cVVm Yb kcbYb

6Y`Ugh]b[

7cbW`ig]Y nc V]bbYb nc Vi]hYb 9Z dcYZglZgeZc ^c ]Zi bV\Vo^cZ XdggZhedcYZgZc bZi YZ `aZjgZc ^c ]Zi hX]ZbV#

A5=@ 9B K=B K=@ >=> ?5BG A5?9B CD vvB J5B 89 55BHF9??9@=>?9 5FF5B;9A9BH9B J5B F=9G 7CGA9H=7G3 9Z heZagZ\Zah o^_c h^beZa# Hijjg ]Zi G>:H bV\Vo^cZ Yddg cVVg b^c^bVVa * Z"bVâVYgZhhZc kVc W^_kddgWZZaY [Vbâ^Z! kg^ZcYZc! XdaaZ\Vﾂｼh! Zcodkddgi# Hijjg YZoZ XX cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca# <ZZ[ ^c jl Z"bVâ VVc lZa` VggVc\ZbZci j lâi l^ccZc Zc `^_` cVVg YZ VVckjaaZcYZ heZagZ\Zah#

A5=@ <9H F=9G A5;5N=B9 B55F =989F99B 6Vc YZ Yg^Z aZoZgh Y^Z ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ cVVg YZ bZZhiZ Z"bV^aVYgZhhZc hijjgi! \ZZ[i G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ZZc ZmigV eg^_h L^c ZZc Y^cZgWdc kddg ' eZghdcZc! i#l#k# % &%%!2 9ZoZ eg^_oZc \ZkZc l^_ VVc ( aZoZgh! Yjh jl `Vch db iZ l^ccZc ^h \gddi

@=?9 IG CD :5796CC? 9B K=B G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh k^cYi ]Zi aZj` Vah _Z dch a^`ZY 9VVgdb \ZkZc lZ VVc YZ ZZghiZ '% a^`Zh Y^Z o^X] k^V ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ ]ZWWZc \ZbZaY ZZc edi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh 9VnXdb[dgi " dcoZ ]ZZga^_`Z YV\XgﾂッZ " XVYZVj

K5H =G F=9G3 NATURAL COSMETICS F=9G ghUUh jccf XY j]g]Y XUh XY aUhY jUb cbnY j]hU`]hY]h VYdU`YbX ]g jccf XY UbhkccfXYb X]Y kY cd YggYbh] `Y jfU[Yb ]b cbg `YjYb [YjYb

=ZW _Z Zg YVc lZa ZZch W^_ hi^a \ZhiVVc YVi dch

bUaY`]^_. K]Y VYb ]_3 KUh _Ub ]_3 KUh k]` ]_3

\gddihiZ dg\VVc »YZ ]j^Y¼ dch ^ccZga^_` kZgW^cYi Zc dd` WZhX]Zgbi iZ\Zc YZ Wj^iZclZgZaY4

KîVaîZî ]djYi dch ^c WZlZ\^c\! \ZZ[i dch dcil^``Za^c\! XgZVi^kîZî! ^co^X]i Zc WZljhio^_c

G>:H ^h Zg YVc dd` kVc dkZgij^\Y YVi hX]ddc]Z^Y

db YZoZ kgV\Zc iZ WZVcilddgYZc Zc YVVgbZZ

kVc W^ccZcj^i `dbi# @dgidb! _Z ]j^Y ^h YZ he^Z\Za

dcoZ YdZahiZaa^c\Zc ^c ]Zi aZkZc iZ gZVa^hZgZc#

kVc _Z aZkZchl^_oZ Zc l^Z _Z WZci#

9Vc ^h YZ kgVV\ lVi kîVaîZî ^h# >c WVh^h ^h Yî

G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ^h ZZc &%% cVijjga^_` XdhbZ"

\ZcZi^hX] WZeVVaY bVVg dcYZg]djYZc lZ YZoZ

i^XVa^_c bZi de Za`VVg V[\ZhiZbYZ egdYjXiZc!

bZi \dZYZ kdZY^c\! YgVc` Zc dcoZ decVbZ

Y^Z YZ Wgj\ haVVi ijhhZc ]j^YkZgodg\^c\ cVVg

kVc ojjghid[ Yddg VYZb]Va^c\# H^beZa \ZoZ\Y!

]j^YkZgWZiZg^c\# G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ^h kVcV[ YZ

odcYZg c kVc YZoZ [VXidgZc `jccZc l^_ c^Zi

\gdcYhid[[Zc idi VVc ]Zi Z^cYegdYjXi oZa[ dci"

aZkZc# ?Z `jci Yjh \gd[lZ\ oZ\\Zc YVi YZoZ

l^``ZaY! Yjh Zg ^h Vai^_Y YZ oZ`Zg]Z^Y kVc VaaZZc

^c\gZY^ ciZc YZ Wdjlhid[[Zc kVc dch aZkZc o^_c

YZ ]dd\lVVgY^\Z cVijjga^_`Z Zc W^dad\^hX]Z

Zc odg\Zc kddg dcoZ WZaVhiWVVg]Z^Y# 9Z [VXidgZc

^c\gZY^ ciZc kddg ZZc dei^bVVa gZhjaiVVi#

Y^Z kddg YZ WZaVhi^c\ Zc higZhh odg\Zc o^_c ]ZZa

BVVg G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ^h bZZg YVc ZZc XdhbZi^XV"

Y^kZgh# Od ]ZZ[i kdZY^c\! b^a^Zj! gd`Zc! a^[ZhinaZ!

a^_c# =Zi ^h dd` ZZc deaZ^Y^c\h^chi^ijji bZi ZZc

Xdc\gjZci o^_c Y^X]i W^_ _ZoZa[ Wa^_kZc ! lZakVVgi!

bV\Vo^cZ! oZa[ dcil^``ZaY hijY^ZbViZg^VVa! Y^V\"

ZZc Ä_cZ lddcdb\Zk^c\! ]Zi `a^bVVi lVVg^c _Z

cdhi^Z`bZi]dY^Z`Zc Zc WZ]VcYZaeaVccZc bZi

aZZ[i! ZZc Ä_cZ lZg`h[ZZg Zc gZaVi^Z ^ckadZY de

dcYZg VcYZgZ kdZY^c\! kdZY^c\hhjeeaZbZciZc!

dcoZ kîVaîZî Zc lZao^_c# 9Z WVaVch d[ Y^hWVaVch

bVhhV\Z Zc 6Zhi]Zi^X CZZYa^c\#

ijhhZc YZ WZaVhiWVVg]Z^Y Zc WZaVhi^c\ `dbZc dcYZg VcYZgZ idi j^i^c\ k^V YZ ]j^Y#

AVVi j ^che^gZgZc idi c^ZjlZ ^co^X]iZc bZi WZiZgZ

BVVg kîVaîZî \ZZ[i _Z dd` ]Zi kZgbd\Zc db

gZhjaiViZc Vah ]Zi \VVi db ]j^YkZgWZiZg^c\#

iZ Xdbbjc^XZgZc! deZc iZ hiVVc kddg VcYZgZ

Feel Nature, Feel Rich, Feel RIES

[VXidgZc# @dgidb! _Z Z^\Zc eVY iZ WZlVcYZaZc odcYZg hi^a iZ `dbZc hiVVc Zc iZ kddg`dbZc YVi _Z de _Z Z^\Zc eVY _Z Z^\Zc kdZihiVeeZc lZZg iZ\Zc `dbi#

9ZoZ k^h^Z aVVi o^X] dd` kZgiVaZc ^c ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ# =Zi bV\Vo^cZ ^h \adWVVa ^c iZ YZaZc bZi dcYZglZgeZc Y^Z YZ ^clZcY^\Z bZch kZgiZ\ZclddgY^\Zc Zc \ZgZaViZZgY o^_c VVc dcoZ WZaVhiWVVg" ]Z^Y odVah kdZY^c\! \ZodcY]Z^Y! ZiX# Zc dcYZglZgeZc Y^Z \VVc dkZg VcYZgZ oV`Zc odVah a^[ZhinaZ! ]dWWn! lZg`! `a^bVVi ZiX# 9^i o^_c oV`Zc Y^Z Vah aZj` d[ b^cYZg aZj` `jccZc ldgYZc ZgkVgZc! bVVg dch lZa WZaVhiZc#

;8G <F J88E G<=7 IBBE 78

78CE8FF<8 *ZWV" -T[M^QMZ

9: =:G;HI" :C L>CI:GE:G>D9: 7:I:@:CI KDDG HDBB><: B:CH:C ::C E:G>D9: K6C 9:EG:HH>K>I:>I :C EG>@@:A766G=:>9# =:I L::G @6C 9: <::HI:A>?@: :C A>8=6B:A>?@: 8DC9>I>: HI:G@ 7:ÒCKAD:9:C# 9Z ZZc oVì ^c YZ ]Zg[hi lZ\ ^c ZZc \ZkdZa kVc bZaVcX]da^Z! YZ VcYZg `g^_\i b^\gV^cZ Vah YZ ajX]iYgj` YVVai# 9Vi ]Zi lZZg kVc ^ckadZY ^h de YZ a^X]VbZa^_`Z Zc \ZZhiZa^_`Z XdcYî^Z kVc YZ bZch ^h Va ZZjlZc Yj^YZa^_`# BVVg ]dZ Zc lVVgdb! YVVg odZ`Zc dcYZgodZ`Zgh kVc ]Zi c^ZjlZ kV`\ZW^ZY »]jbVcZ W^dbZ" iZdgdad\^Z¼ d[ »bZY^hX]Z bZiZdgdad\^Z¼ ZZc VcilddgY de# OZ o^_c kddgVahcd\ kddgVa iZ k^cYZc ^c 8VcVYV! 9jîhaVcY! OlîhZgaVcY Zc DdhiZcg^_`# >c CZYZgaVcY higZì YZ `Zcc^h dkZg lZZg\ZkdZa^\]Z^Y cd\ c^Zi kZZa kZgYZg YVc YZ ddgoV`Zc Zc \Zkda\Zc kVc ZZc l^ciZgYZegZhh^Z Zc ]dd^`ddgih#

J<FF8?J8E><A: »=Zi bZchZa^_` a^X]VVb ^h \ZZc hiVi^hX] dg\Vc^hbZ# 9Z W^dX]Zb^hX]Z egdXZhhZc ^c dch a^X]VVb o^_c ^c kddgiYjgZcYZ ^ciZgVXi^Z bZi ]jc db\Zk^c\! kVV` odcYZg YVi lZ ]Zi ^c YZ \ViZc ]ZWWZc# BZi bZZg `Zcc^h kVc Y^Z dcZ^cY^\ \ZXdbea^XZZgYZ l^hhZalZg`^c\ kVaaZc aZkZchkgZj\YZ Zc oZa[h aZkZch_VgZc iZ l^ccZc!¼ hiZai YZ 8VcVYZhZ bZY^hX]Z bZiZdgdadd\ Idb LddY# Kda\Zch ]Zb heZaZc k^_[ `a^bVVi[VXidgZc ZZc gda W^_ dch lZaWZk^cYZc/ odca^X]i! iZb" eZgVijjg! ajX]ikdX]i^\]Z^Y! ajX]iYgj` Zc l^cY" `gVX]i#

9Z ^ckadZY ^h V[]Vc`Za^_` kVc YZ aZZ[i^_Y! ]Zi \ZhaVX]i Zc YZ XdcYî^Z kVc ]Zi ^cY^k^Yj# OZZg _dc\Z bZchZc Zc djYZgZc o^_c Zg\ lZZg\ZkdZa^\# =jc a^X]VVb `Vc o^X] bdZâ^_` VVceVhhZc# KgdjlZc Wa^_`Zc ^c ]Zi Va\ZbZZc \ZkdZa^\Zg iZ o^_c kddg ]Zi lZZg YVc bVccZc# LVVgdb lZZi bZc c^Zi# Jî ZZc 9jîh dcYZgodZ` `dbi cVVg kdgZc YVi oZ`Zg ZZc YZgYZ kVc VaaZ bZchZc aVhi ]ZZ[i kVc WZeVVaYZ lZZghdbhiVcY^\]ZYZc# FG45<8? >ZYZg bZch kdZai o^X] \ZZhiZa^_` Zc a^X]VbZa^_` ]Zi WZhi W^_ hiVW^Za odcc^\ Zc Ygdd\ lZZg bZi ZZc iZbeZgVijjg kVc X^gXV '% \gVYZc 8Zah^jh# =ZaVVh `dbi YVi lZ^c^\ kddg# >c \gdiZ YZaZc kVc YZ lZgZaY ^h ]Zi Yddg\VVch kZZa lVgbZg d[ `djYZg Zc kZZa kdX]i^\Zg d[ Ygd\Zg YVc ]Zi ^YZVaîZg odj bdZiZc o^_c# Dd` YVi ^h cd\ c^Zi Zg\! lVci ^c YZ igde^hX]Z d[ `djYZ à^bVViodcZh eVhi ]Zi a^X]VVb o^X] de YZc Yjjg kVcoZa[ VVc YZ ZmigZbZgZ dbhiVcY^\]ZYZc VVc# >ZYZgZZc Y^Z aVc\ZgZ i^_Y ^c YZ igdeZc ]ZZ[i Yddg\ZWgVX]i! lZZi jî ZgkVg^c\ YVi YZ ]îiZ cV kZgadde kVc i^_Y hiZZYh YgVV\a^_`Zg ldgYi#

@8AG4?9<G

LIOMV ^MZUWMQLPMQL S]]Z BZi BZciVaÄ i kVc G>:H XdhbZi^Xh kZgYl^_cZc jl \ZZhiZa^_`Z kZgbdZ^Y]Z^YhàVX]iZc Zc ldgYZc jl ]ZghZcZc lZZg dec^Zjl \ZVXi^kZZgY# 9î egdYjXi ^h hVbZc\ZhiZaY jî d#V# <^chZc\ Zc Onoê]jh# Jî lZiZchX]VeeZa^_` dcYZgodZ` ^h kVhi\ZhiZaY YVi Onoê]jh ZZc gZ\jaZgZcYZ Zc VXi^kZgZcYZ lZg`^c\ ]ZZ[i de YZ WadZYhdbadde bVVg kddgcVbZa^_` de YZ b^YYZa\gdiZ Zc àZ^cZ WadZYkViZc# =^ZgYddg `g^_\Zc jl ]ZghZcZc lZZg oj^kZg ojjghid[g^_` WadZY# <^chZc\ ^h ]Zi WZ`ZcYZ `gj^Y YVi ZZc hi^bjaZgZcY Z[[ZXi ]ZZ[i de YZ hid[l^hhZa^c\ Zc ]dgbddcegdYjXi^Z ^c ]Zi bZchZa^_` a^X]VVb# 9ZoZ jc^Z`Z XdbW^cVi^Z! Onoê]jh Zc <^chZc\! ^h YZ deadhh^c\ kddg jl ]ZghiZa W^_ \ZZhiZa^_`Z kZgbdZ^Y]Z^Y Zc YZegZhh^kîZî# @^_` kddg bZZg ^c[dgbVi^Z dkZg cVijjga^_` WZiZg ldgYZc Zc YZ egdYjXiZc kVc G>:H XdhbZi^Xh de lll#g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca

K5H =G 89 AC6=@9 GD53 H^cYh kdg^\ _VVg ^h G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh YZ igdihZ Z^\ZcVVg kVc YZ BdWâZ HeV# 9î ^h ZZc ajmZ ^c\Zg^X]iZ hVadc de l^ZaZc Y^Z ^coZiWVVg ^h i^_YZch ZkZcZbZciZc Zc egdYjXiegZhZciVi^Zh# 9Z BdWâZ HeV eVhi oZZg \dZY W^ccZc YZ k^h^Z kVc G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh Vah ]Zi \VVi db WZigd``Zc]Z^Y Zc kZgWdcYZc]Z^Y# 9Z BdWâZ HeV ldgYi Yddg G>:H \ZWgj^ì kddg ]Zi egdbdiZc kVc dcoZ k^h^Z Zc lZg`l^_oZ de WZjgoZc Zc VcYZgZ ZkZcZbZciZc# HVadch Y^Z lZg`Zc bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh oZiiZc YZ BdWâZ HeV ^c db ]jc Z^\Zc hVadc iZ egdbdiZc# 9Z BdWâZ HeV WZhX]^ì dkZg ilZZ WZ]VcYZa" bVhhV\Zgj^biZh bZi WZ]VcYZahidZaZc! ajmZ adjc\Z! YdjX]Z! =ZVai]n 7j[[Zi Zc ZZc X]VbeV\cZWVg Zc W^ZYi cVVhi YZ dciheVcc^c\h" Zc lZaacZhh"bd\Za^_`]ZYZc dd` \ZaZ\Zc]Z^Y kddg àZ^cZ kZg\VYZg^c\Zc! ajcX]Zh! eZghXdc[ZgZci^Zh Zcodkddgi#

AC6=@9 GD5 <95@H<M 6IG=B9GG

JCCF

AC6=@9 GD5 CB H<9 FC58 9Z G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh BdWâZ HeV ldgYi kVcV[ ]Zi c^ZjlZ _VVg ^c\ZoZi kddg ]Zi ]ZaeZc kVc bZchZc bZi ]j^Y" egdWaZbZc Zc ]Zi kîVa^hZgZc kVc bZchZc# JîZgVVgY ^h G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh dd` ^c '%&+ cd\ kZgWdcYZc VVc E^c` G^WWdc Zc ojaaZc lZ YZ BdWâZ HeV YVVg lVVg bd\Za^_` dd` ^coZiiZc db bZchZc Y^Z ]ZghiZaaZcYZ o^_c kVc WZhigVa^c\ Zc X]Zbdi]ZgVe^Z ZZc kZglZcbdbZci iZ \ZkZc# AC6=@9 GD5 JCCF CDH=A55@ F9GI@H55H KVcV[ [ZWgjVg^ ^h YZ G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh BdWâZ HeV ^ZYZgZ Y^chYV\ dc idjg db dcoZ && bVhiZgh iZ dcYZghiZjcZc ^c ]jc WZ]VcYZaeaVccZc bZi Vah YdZa ZZc od¼c bVm^bVVa bd\Za^_` gZhjaiVVi kddg YZ Xa^ ci#

AC6=@9 GD5 JCCF º<95@H<M 6IG=B9GG» 9Z BdWâZ HeV ldgYi dcYZg »=ZVai]n Wjh^cZhh¼ ^c\ZoZi kddg odlZa YZ \ZodcY]Z^Yh" Vah oV`Za^_`Z bVgì! bVVg hiVVi dd` kddg »\ZodcY oV`Zc YdZc! ZZc \ZodcYZ oVV` ¼ 9Z BdWâZ HeV ^h W^_ jîhiZ` \ZhX]^ì db jl WZYg^_[hVXi^kîZîZc `gVX]i W^_ iZ oZiiZc Yddg jl àVciZc W^ccZc ZZc ajmZ hZii^c\ iZ aViZc `Zcc^h bV`Zc bZi jl WZYg^_[ h"VXi^kîZîZc # 9Zc` ]^ZgW^_ W^_kddgWZZaY VVc egdYjìegZhZciVi^Z# 9Z BdWâZ HeV ldgYi ^cY^Zc \ZlZchi ^c jl Z^\Zc ]j^hhi^_a \ZaZkZgY# =^ZgYddg ^h YZ BdWâZ HeV ZZc bdd^Z VVckjaa^c\ Zc ZZc eg^bV kZgaZc\hij` kVc jl WZYg^_[# BVVg dd` kddg W^_kddgWZZaY ]diZah Zc gZXgZVi^ZeVg`Zc Y^Z ]jc àVciZc lVi ZmigV¼h lâaZc W^ZYZc# JîZgVVgY W^ZYi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh YZ bd\Za^_`]Z^Y db bZi YZ Wjh ^c ZZc WZeVVaYZ [gZfjZci^Z de YZ Yddg j \Z`doZc WZhiZbb^c\ iZ `dbZc# AC6=@9 GD5 JCCF <95@H<M 6IG=B9GG =B IK 698F=>: 9Z BdWâZ HeV `Vc de kZghX]âaZcYZ bVc^ZgZc ZZc VVckjaa^c\ d[ kZgaZc\hij` kVc jl dg\Vc^hVi^Z o^_c# 6ah j Va ZZgYZg YZ BdWâZ HeV ]ZWi \ZWgj^ì Zc j ^c YZ idZ`dbhi lZZg \ZWgj^` odj lâaZc bV`Zc kVc YZ BdWâZ HeV! YVc igZ[i j YZoZa[YZ! WZ`ZcYZ hZgk^XZ Zc kddg j kZgVcYZgi Zg kZgYZg c^Zih# 6a]dZlZa! j `jci ^c YZ idZ`dbhi \ZWgj^` bV`Zc kVc ZmigV Y^ZchiZc Y^Z l^_ VVc jl dg\Vc^hVi^Z `jccZc aZkZgZc db YZ Yddg jl \Zdg\Vc^hZZgYZ VXi^kîZî bZi YZ BdWâZ HeV bVm^bVVa idi gZX]i iZ aViZc `dbZc Zc dcYZg YZ VVcYVX]i iZ WgZc\Zc#

J bdZi ]^ZgW^_ W^_kddgWZZaY YZc`Zc VVc \gVi^h egdbdi^Z \Z]ZaZ eV\^cV 6) ^c ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ bZi bZZg YVc &%%#%%% Y^\^iVaZ \ZVYgZhhZZgYZc# BVVg l^_ `jccZc dd` ZZc egd[Zhh^dcZaZ c^ZjlhWg^Z[ kddg j kZgodg\Zc! kda\Zch YZ c^ZjlhiZ cdgbZc Zc iZ\Zc ZZc oZZg \jchi^\ iVg^Z[# K5H ?5B 89 AC6=@9 GD5 JCCF IK 698F=>: 69H9?9B9B L DcYZghiZjc^c\ W^_ WZjgoZc L L L

8dc\gZhhZc EgdYj`iegZhZciVi^Zh LZaacZhh" Zc WZVjinVggVc\ZbZciZc de jl ZkZcZbZci

I]ZgVe^Z de YZ lZg`eaZ` XdVX]^c\! inedad\^Z! VXjejcXijjg Zc bVhhV\Z

;F5H=G F97@5A9 JCCF IK 698F=>: A9H 89 AC6=@9 GD5 =B <9H F=9G A5;5N=B9 6ah jl WZYg^_[ YZ BdWâZ HeV WdZì kddg ZZc ZkZcZbZci! YVc W^ZYi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh j YZ bd\Za^_`]Z^Y db ZZc Vgi^`Za iZ hX]g^_kZc dkZg jl WZYg^_[ Zc ]Zi ZkZcZbZci lVVgkddg j YZ BdWâZ HeV ]ZZ[i ^c\ZoZi# 9î Vgi^`Za ldgYi \Z]ZZa \gVi^h ^c ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ \ZejWa^XZZgY# =Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ ^h ZZc ^c[dgbVi^Z[ bV\Vo^cZ dkZg dcYZg VcYZg a^[ZhinaZ! kîVaîZî! ]j^Y Zc \ZodcY]Z^Y# CVVhi YZ \ZYgjìZ ZmZbeaVgZc \VVi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ cVVg bZZg YVc &%%#%%% Y^\îVaZ VYgZhhZc# AVVi YZoZ \gVi^h gZXaVbZ kddg jl WZYg^_[ c^Zi VVc j kddgW^_ \VVc

LLL#BD7>A:HE6#CA

hippocrates De Oude Griekse arts als grondlegger van onze geneeskunde? 9Z <g^Z`hZ Vgih =êedXgViZh )(%"(,% k# 8]g# hiVbYZ jî YZ [Vbâ^Z kVc YZ 6hàZe^VYZc Y^Z iZbeZaY^ZcVVgh lVgZc# =^_ lVh W^_\Zkda\ Zg\ \dZY kZgigdjlY bZi YZ gZa^\^ZjhbV\^hX]Z \ZcZZh`jcYZ! ZZc bVc^Zg kVc \ZcZoZc lVVgkVc ]^_ o^X] aViZg Y^hiVci^ZZgYZ# =êedXgViZh \^c\ ZgkVc jî YVi ^ZYZgZ bZch ZZc oZa[\ZcZoZcYZ `gVX]i ^c o^X] ]VY Zc oZa[ kZgVcilddgYZa^_` lVh kddg o^_c \ZodcY]Z^Y# O^_c WZaVc\g^_`hiZ hiVcYejci lVh/ \ZcZZh YZ o^Z`Z ^c eaVVih kVc YZ o^ZìZ# A4GHHE:8A88F>HA78 I8EFHF E8:H?<8E8 J8FG8EF8 :8A88F>HA78>c iZ\ZchiZaa^c\ idi YZ gZa^\^ZjhbV\^hX]Z \ZcZZh`jcYZ lZgY YZ cVijjg\ZcZZh`jcYZ dd` YZ »gVi^dcZaZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ¼ \ZcdZbY dbYVi oZ dcihiVVc ^h kVcjî dWhZgkVi^Z Zc ]Zi cVYZc`Zc dkZg YZ ad\^hX]Z oVV`# <ZWVhZZgY de YZoZ ^YZZ c ldgYi =êedXgViZh YVVgdb idi de kVcYVV\ Vah YZ kVYZg kVc YZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ WZhX]djlY#

CVVhi YZ bZY^hX]Z hX]dda kVc =êedXgViZh ^c @dh dcihidcY dd` YZ gVi^dcZZa ^c\ZhiZaYZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ kVc YZ bZY^hX]Z hX]dda kVc @c^Ydh! Y^Z de ]VVg WZjgi \ZWgd`Zc ]ZZ[i bZi YZ gZa^\^ZjhbV\^hX]Z \ZcZZh`jcYZ# DcYZg aZ^Y^c\ kVc YZ Vgih :j[dgdc lZgY ^c @c^Ydh kddgVa hnbeidbVi^hX] \ZlZgì Yddg b^YYZa kVc bZY^X^_cZc# 8dggZXiZg odj o^_c YVi =êedXgViZh YZ \gdcYaZ\\Zg kVc YZ cVijjg\ZcZZh`jcYZ ldgYi \ZcdZbY! iZgl^_a :j[dgdc ZZgYZg YZ ZX]iZ kVYZg ^h kVc YZ gZ\ja^ZgZ lZhiZghZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ# 78 CE<A6<C8F I4A 78 A4GHHE:8A88F>HA78 IB?:8AF ;<CCB6E4G8F=êedXgViZh dcYZgodX]i Za`Z eVi^ ci Vah jc^Z` ^cY^k^Yj VVc YZ ]VcY kVc o^_c heZX^ÄZ`Z gZVXi^Zh de ZZc WZeVVaYZ `lVVa d[ VVcYdZc^c\# KVcjî YZoZ eg^cXêZh ]ZX]iiZ ]^_ kZZa WZaVc\ VVc YZ \ZbdZYhidZhiVcY kVc o^_c eVi^ ciZc! ]Zi Yj^YZc kVc YgdbZc! ]jc kdZY^c\ Zc aZkZchl^_oZ# =^_ WZcVYZgYZ YZ eVi^ ci ^c o^_c idiVaîZî! ]Zio^_ ]da^hi^hX] Zc YZ WZ]VcYZa^c\ bdZhi VVc\ZeVhi ldgYZc VVc ]Zi ^cY^k^Yj# 9Z WZ]VcYZa^c\Zc WZeZgìZc o^X] kddgcVbZa^_` idi gjhi! kVhiZc! VYZgaVi^c\! ZkZcijZZa bVhhV\Z! ]Zi \ZWgj^` kVc `gj^YZc d[ ZZckdjY^\Z lViZgWZ]VcYZa^c\# I^_YZch YZ ]ZghiZaeZg^dYZ lZgY ZZc \ZodcYZ kdZY^c\ Zc aZkZchl^_oZ VVc\ZegZoZc# 9ZoZ YZc`l^_oZ ldgYi cd\ hiZZYh \Z]VciZZgY ^c YZ cVijjg\ZcZZh`jcYZ# 9Z cVijjg bdZi ZZghi o^_c lZg` YdZc VakdgZch ZZc Vgih d[ i]ZgVeZji bV\ ^c\g^_eZc Zc Zg ldgYZc od b^c bd\Za^_` bZY^X^_cZc idZ\ZY^ZcY#

Genees de zieke in plaats van de ziekte! $+ $-

,BBSEFCPM <A 78 BH78 >EH<78A?88E @87<6<A4?8 C?4AG <A 8HEBC4

9Z <g^Z`hZ Vgih 9^dhXdg^YZh &Z ZZjl c#8]g# ! hX]g^_kZg kVc ]Zi ZZghiZ `gj^YZcaZZgWdZ` kVc :jgdeV WZhX]g^_[i ]dZ \^[ jî ]Zi a^X]VVb ldgYi kZgYgZkZc bZi @VVgYZWda i^cXijjg# LVccZZg ^ZbVcY ]j^YjîhaV\ ]ZZ[i bZc\i ]^_ \ZejakZgYZ @VVgYZWda bZi kZgh kZi Zc lg^_[i ]Zi a^X]VVb YVVgbZZ ^c lVVgcV ]Zi a^X]VVb \Z]ZZaY oVa ldgYZc# 9Z @VVgYZWda ^h kZglVci VVc ]Zi hX]jg[i`gj^Y HXVW^dhV lZa`Z ^c YZ kda`h\ZcZZh`jcYZ dd` \ZWgj^ì lZgY kddg »WadZYgZ^c^\^c\¼# 9Z ldgiZa kVc YZ @VVgYZWda lZgì Vah jg^cZ"! \Va" Zc olZZiYg^_kZcY b^YYZa# =Zi dcihaVì! ]Zi ^h ZZc ldgbb^YYZa! ZZc b^YYZa kddg YZ adc\Zc Zc WZkdgYZgi YZ he^_hkZgiZg^c\# =Zi ldgYi jîlZcY^\ \ZWgj^ì W^_ ]j^Yo^ZìZc# IgVYî^dcZZa ldgYi YZ @VVgYZWdaldgiZa VVc\ZlZcY W^_ _^X]i! Vgigî^h! gZjbV! lViZgojX]i! \ZZaojX]i! \VaàVX]iZc! Zc YZ aVVihiZ i^_Y W^_ YZ o^ZìZ kVc AnbZ# KZgYZg ldgYi YZ @VVgYZWda VVc\ZlZcY W^_ ]j^Yo^ZìZc Vah YZgbVidhZ! [jgjcXjadhZ! VXcZ Zc YZg\Za^_`Z! kddgVa Vah YZoZ VVcYdZc^c\Zc ]Zi \Zkda\ o^_c kVc ZZc haZX]i [jcXi^dcZgZcYZ he^_hkZgiZg^c\# DbYVi VaaZ hddgiZc W^ccZc YZ @VVgYZWda[Vbâ^Z kZg\Za^_`WVgZ dcihiZ`^c\hgZbbZcYZ ^g^Yd YZc WZkViiZc! ldgYi VVc VaaZbVVa ZZc gZ^c^\ZcYZ lZg`^c\ idZ\ZhX]gZkZc#

89 ?55F896C@ =B 89 HF58=H=CB9@9 7<=B9G9 ;9B99G?IB89 9Z bdYZgcZ 8]^cZhZ `gj^YZc\ZcZZh`jcYZ \ZWgj^ì YZ @VVgYZWdaldgiZa Mj 9jVc ^c XdbW^cVi^Z bZi VVckjaaZcYZ `gj^YZc W^_ ZZc idZhiVcY lVVg^c Zg ZZc iZ`dgi ^h VVc c^ZgZhhZci^Z Zc W^_ aZkZg" Zc WadZYolVìZ# 9Z @VVgYZWda dcYZghiZjci ]Zi nVc\ " ]Zi VXi^ZkZ! »bVccZa^_`Z¼! kddgiWgZc\ZcYZ! a^X]iZ! lVgbZ! ^ckjaaZcYZ VheZXi kVc YZ X]¼^ " ZcZg\^Z# DbYVi YZ @VVgYZWda ]Zi nVc\ kZghiZgì! bdZi ]^_ kddgo^X]i^\ \ZWgj^ì ldgYZc W^_ idZhiVcYZc kVc n^c"iZ`dgi n^cmj Zc »dckdaYdZcYZ kjjg¼# =Zi kda\ZcYZ ldgYi ^c YZ 8]^cZhZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ VVc YZ @VVgYZWda idZ\ZhX]gZkZc/ kZg]^cYZgi Zc ]ZghiZai dhiZdedgdhZ Wdidci`Va`^c\

L L

dcYZghiZjci ]Za^c\ kVc WZhX]VY^\YZ WdiiZc kZg]^cYZgi hedciVcZ VWdgijh$b^h`gVVb kZgb^cYZgi jiZgjhXdcigVXi^Zh kZgWZiZgi YZ idZhiVcY kVc ]Zi ^bbjjchnhiZZb gZbi YZ 9êadXdXXjh ecZjbdc^VZ HigZeidXdXXjh ecZjbdc^VZ "WVXiZg^ c YddYi Ig^X]dbdc^Vh^h! ZZc HD6 Y^Z kZgddgoVVì ldgYi Yddg YZ eVgVh^Zi Ig^X]dbdcVh kV\^cVa^h `gVX]i^\ gZbZY^Z W^_ o^ZìZ kVc AnbZ YZZg hne]â^h Zc de AnbZ a^_`ZcYZ o^ZìZh

kZghiZg`i YZ WVVgbdZYZg

K9F?N5A9 GHC::9B J5B ?55F896C@ 9Z eaVci WZkVi ^g^Yd YZc! hVedc^cZc! `d[Ä Zojjg" YZg^kViZc! `VaôdjiZc! ^cja^cZ! WîiZghid[[Zc Zc ]Zi \ajXdh^YZ hXVW^dh^YZ# :c`ZaZ 6bZg^`VVchZ hX]g^_kZgh cdZbZc ^c kZgWVcY bZi YZ @VVgYZWda ZZc Va`Vad YZ \ZcVVbY aVb^cZ# N=9?H9 J5B @MA9 AnbZ"WdggZa^dhZ ^h ZZc ^c[ZXi^Zo^ZìZ Y^Z kZgddgoVVì ldgYi Yddg YZ WVXiZg^ c 7dggZa^V Wjg\Ydg[Zg^ Zc cd\ VcYZgZ 7dggZa^VhddgiZc# 7dggZa^VWVXiZg^ c o^_c he^gdX]ZiZc# OZ o^Zc Zg dcYZg YZ b^XgdhXdde jî Vah ha^c\ZgZcYZ! o^X] he^gVaZcY d[ hX]gdZkZcY kddgiWZlZ\ZcYZ haVc\Zi_Zh# OZ o^_c cVjl kZglVci VVc YZ hne]â^h#

OZ `jccZc ldgYZc dkZg\ZWgVX]i Yddg ZZc WZZi kVc YZ iZZ` Y^Z WZhbZi ^h# ?55F896C@ 9B 89 N=9?H9 J5B @MA9 Idi YZ VaiZgcVi^ZkZ Vci^W^di^XV WZ]dgZc ^c YZ ZZghiZ eaVVih `gj^YZc# @VVgYZWdaldgiZa i^cXijjg ]ZZ[i ZZc gZ^c^\ZcYZ Zc Vci^ he^gdX]ZiVVa lZg`^c\! ^h iZkZch aZkZg" Zc c^Zg dcYZghiZjcZcY Zc ^bbjjckZghiZg`ZcY# 9Z idZeVhh^c\ kVc @VVgYZWda ^c CZYZgaVcY ^h kg^_ c^Zjl# >c 9jîhaVcY Zc YZ KH ]ZZ[i bZc Zg bZZg ZgkVg^c\ bZZ Zc ^h YZ idZeVhh^c\ \Vc\WVVgYZg# 7^_ YZoZ c^ZjlZ \ZcZZheaVci WZhiVVi cd\ kZZa WZ]dZ[iZ VVc dcYZgodZ`# @VVgYZWda ^h Z[[ZXi^Z[ W^_ VaaZ hddgiZc AnbZ Zc dd` iZ\Zc Xd"^c[ZXi^Zh# Dd` W^_ VVcYdZc^c\Zc Y^Z de ZZc AnbZ"^c[ZXi^Z a^_`Zc# CdY^\ ^h ZZc i^cXijjg (% VaXd]da ! \ZbVVì kVc kZghZ ldgiZah Y^Z \Zdd\hi ldgYZc VVc ]Zi Z^cY kVc ]Zi ZZghiZ \gdZ^hZôdZc# 9Z bZZhi `gVX]i^\Z i^cXijgZc o^_c YZ c de c i^cXijgZc# 6ah YZ ldgiZah c^Zi \Zdd\hi ldgYZc cV ]Zi ZZghiZ \gdZ^hZôdZc bVVg Yddg\gdZ^Zc! YVc dcil^``Zai YZ @VVgYZWda o^X] ^c ]Zi ilZZYZ _VVg idi ZZc bVch]d\Z! oZZg hiZ`Za^\Z gZX]ide\VVcYZ \ZhiVaiZ bZi ZZc ^bedhVciZ W^_Zc`dg[kdgb^\Z WadZ^l^_oZ Zc kZga^Zhi o^_c bZY^X^cVaZ `gVX]i# 7^_odcYZg ^h ]Zi od\ZcVVbYZ kZcjhWZ``Zc dcYZg VVc YZ hiVbkdZi! lVVg^c gZ\ZclViZg kZgoVbZaY ldgYi# :Zc hiZg` ejci kVc YZ @VVgYZWda ^h YVi ]^_ W^ccZc YZ AnbZi]ZgVe^Z ZZc VVciVa [jcXi^Zh `Vc kZgkjaaZc# Od ]ZZ[i YZ eaVci cVVhi YZ Vci^he^gdX]ZiVaZ Z^\ZchX]Ve dd` ZZc hiZg` dci\^[iZcYZ lZg`^c\ Zc ZZc hi^bjaZgZcYZ lZg`^c\ de aZkZg Zc c^Zg# :Zc debZg`Za^_`Z ]d\Z he^gdX]ZiZchiZg[iZ k^cYi hdbh Va eaVVih W^_ ZZc ]ZaZ aV\Z YdhZg^c\# =Zi odj YVVgdb ]ZZa \dZY `jccZc YVi YZ lZg`^c\ kVc YZ @VVgYZWda dd` kddg ZZc WZaVc\g^_` YZZa ZcZg\Zi^hX] kVc VVgY ^h# :Zc @VVgYZWda`jjg VVc\ZkjaY bZi dcYZg" hiZjcZcYZ cVijjga^_`Z b^YYZaZc! Wa^_ì ^c YZ egVì^_` ZZc kdalVVgY^\ VaiZgcVi^Z[ iZ `jccZc o^_c kddg [VgbVXZji^hX]Z Vci^W^di^XV#

9ddg A^cYV Gji\Zgh"HX]dZgh! k^hV\^hiZ Zc ]VVg hina^hiZ kVc 7ZVjin;M 9: L>CI:G HI66I KDDG 9: 9:JG# B:I L>HH:A:C9: I:BE:G6IJG:C >H =:I 9: @JCHI DB ::CH ?: @6HI >C I: 9J>@:C :C I: @>?@:C L6I ?: CD< =:7I :C L6I ?: @JCI 8DB7>C:G:C IDI K:GG6HH:C9: C>:JL: DJI;>IH! E6HH:C9 7>? 9: =J>9><: IG:C9H# 89 HF9B8G JCCF 8=H >55F <9669B 99B <99@ <CC; 7CA6=B5H=9!;9<5@H9" J99@ ?5B A9H 9@?55F ;9A=LH 9B ;9A5H7<H KCF89B 8IG ;99: >9 7F95H=J=H9=H 89 JF=>9 <5B8 DbYVi ]Zi lVi [g^hhZg ^h ^c Yî _VVg\Zi^_YZ ^h [V`Z [jg ZZc aZj`Z VVckjaa^c\ ^c _Z \VgYZgdWZ# =ZW _Z cd\ Zg\Zch ^c YZ `Vhi Y^Z aZj`Z ยนWdciZcยบ h_VVa a^\\Zc4 9gVV\ ]Zb YVc ZZch ]ZaZbVVa VcYZgh# BdYZa 9Zb^ XdbW^cZZgi ZZc \Zgjî _jg`_Z bZi ZZc \Zgjî XdaWZgi_Z# =^ZgdkZg ZZc [V`Z"[jg Y^Z ^h kVhi\ZoZi bZi a^ci ^c YZ iVâaZ# CZeWdciZc bVcX]Zi_Zh bV`Zc YZoZ add` V[#

De YZ XVilVa`h lVh iZ o^Zc YVi Y^kZghZ eg^ci_Zh XdbW^cZgZc ZZc ]di îZb ^h# <Zlddc YdZc Yjh Kddg YZ ilZZYZ add` YgVV\i 9Zb^ ZZc lîiZ WadZh bZi YVVgdkZg]ZZc Vah ide_Z ZZc \ZWadZbY `dgi kdâVciZ gd`_Z# 9VVgdkZg ZZc WaVjl \Zgjî \âZi_Z# >c XdbW^cVi^Z bZi ]Zi Wgj^cZ \ZgjîZ gd`_Z Zc YZ hidZgZ aVVgoZc dcihiVVi ZZc Wd]Zb^Vc X]^X add`# @^Zh W^_ YZoZ djiÄi kddg [Za \ZàZjgYZ h^ZgVYZc# LZZh c^Zi WVc\ kddg dekVaaZcYZ XdbW^cVi^Zh#

9Z YZgYZ add` ^h kda\Zch YZ igZcYlViX]Zgh hVbZc iZ kViiZc dcYZg YZ cdZbZg cdccZc"add`# =Zi ^h ZZc bZZg YZ\Za^_`Z add` bZi ]dd\hajîZcYZ! aVc\Z! haVc`kVaaZcYZ _jg`Zc# >YZVVa db ]^Zgkddg ZZch W^_ k^ciV\Zl^c`Zah iZ \VVc h]deeZc 9Zb^ YgVV\i ]^Zg ZZc kVcâaZ\ZaZ k^ciV\Z YgZhh! \ZXdbW^cZZgY bZi ZZc oâkZgZc \aîiZg g^Zbe_Z Zc \gdiZ dekVaaZcYZ bZiVaZc VgbWVcYZc# 6ah Wa^`kVc\Zg ^h \Z`doZc kddg ZZc WadZbZch_VVa! lZa`Z ]^Zg Vah cZXè^ZXZ ^h \Z`cddei# @^Zh kddg ZZc XddaZ he^Z\ZaodccZWgâ d[ ZZc bdd^Z \gdiZ ]dZY YZc` VVc YZ ]dZYZc kVc YZ YVbZh i^_YZch Eg^ch_ZhYV\ db YZoZ add` XdbeaZZi iZ bV`Zc# 9jg[ iZ XdbW^cZgZc Yî cV_VVg Zc bVV` _Z Z^\Zc eZghddca^_`Z hi^_a bZi W^_kddgWZZaY k^ciV\Z àZY^c\#

99B ;C98 JCCFB9A9B JCCF <9H B=9IK9 >55F 7ZodZ` 8Y BUh]cbU`Y ;YncbX\Y]Xg6Yifg jUb %% h#a %( ZYVfiUf] &$%* ^c YZ ?VVgWZjgh JigZX]i# CZYZgaVcYh \gddihiZ WZjgh de ]Zi \ZW^ZY kVc \ZodcY]Z^Y Zc ZZc \ZodcYZ aZZ[hi^_a# (%% hiVcYh Zc (*#%%% WZodZ`Zgh igZ[[Zc Za`VVg gdcY + i]ZbVÂ¼h/ BZY^hX] Odg\! 7ZVjin KZgodg\^c\! :iZc 9g^c`Zc! Hedgi 6kdcijjg0 7dYn B^cY Zc Z=ZVai] IZX]cdad\^Z# BZi bdi^kZgZcYZ hegZ`Zgh! ldg`h]deh! egdZkZg^_Zc! YZ c^ZjlhiZ igZcYh gdcY kdZY^c\ Zc \ZodcY]Z^Y! \ZodcY]Z^YhiZhiZc! YZbdchigVi^Zh Zc VYk^Zh# 6cilddgY de kZaZ bZY^hX]Z kgV\Zc# KZglZccZg^_ bZi bVhhV\Z d[ bV`Z"je# EgdZkZc kVc WZljhiZ kdZY^c\# 7ZlZ\Zc Zc Ã&#x201E; icZhh de Za` c^kZVj# >ccZga^_`Z gjhi Zc dciheVcc^c\ bZi hZhh^Zh de YZ WZjgh# Eg^bZjgh jî YZ Y^\îVaZ idZ`dbhi# =Zi \ZodcYhiZ YV\_Z jî kddg bZchZc bZi \ZodcY kZghiVcY B5HIIF@=>? HF9:H I CC? CBN9 GH5B8 F=9G AC6=@9 GD5 CD 89N9 69IFG" I 69BH J5B <5FH9 K9@?CA"

H=7?9HG A9H )$ F=9G 7CGA9H=7G ?CFH=B; 7ZhiZa k^V/ lll#eajhi^X`Zi#ca <ZWgj^` VXi^ZXdYZ/ G>:H! YZ eg^_h kZgVcYZgi YVc # D[ iZaZ[dc^hX]/ %'+ (,, ., (+ \ZZ[ VVc/ VXi^ZXdYZ G>:H # J WZiVVai YVc haZX]ih Ã¦&%!" eZg i^X`Zi WZhiZa`dhiZc Ã¦&!*% # @^_` kddg bZZg ^c[dgbVi^Z de lll#\ZodcY]Z^YhWZjgh#ca

)$ ?CFH=B; )$ 9YfghY Yb ]b[ X ` Y a b UU j]U Yh]WU a g c 7 F=9G _f]^[Yb Y YbhfY G = H 5 F ;

:=H 9B J=H55@ A9H GIDD@9A9BH9B ="7"A" 99B ;9NCB89 A5B=9F J5B 69K9;9B G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ^h de YZ \ZodcY]Z^YhWZjgh bZi YZ G>:H BdWâZ HeV db YZ G>:H ;îa^_c dcYZg YZ VVcYVX]i iZ WgZc\Zc# LZ ]ZWWZc kddg Yî ZkZcZbZci YZ hVbZclZg`^c\ \ZodX]i bZi EZghdcVa igV^cZg 6g_Zc <gdZc! WZ`ZcY kVc ]Zi egd\gVbbV »9Z \gdiZ ]Zg`Vch^c\¼ kVc H7H +# =^_ \ZZ[i i^_YZch YZ WZjgh YZbdchigVi^Zh Zc _Z `jci bZi ]Zb dZ[Zc^c\Zc bZZ YdZc kddg _Z YV\Za^_`hZ kîVaîZî# 9î ^h bZiZZc YZ XdggZaVi^Z bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh/ kZg\gddi _Z YV\Za^_`hZ kîVaîZî bZi YZ G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh kdZY^c\hhjeeaZbZciZc jî YZ G>:H ;îa^_c Zc WZlZZ\ \ZodcY#

CA85H F=9G 7CGA9H=7G D=B? F=66CB 57H=9: GH9IBH ;55H 89 CD6F9B;GH J5B 89 69<5B89@=B;9B 8=9 K=> CD 89 B5H=CB5@9 ;9NCB8<9=8G69IFG ;9J9B =B CBN9 AC6=@9 GD5 B55F D=B? F=66CB"

CB89F <9H ACHHC. ºAC93 =? B=9H »""" ###egdbdiZc l^_ Yî _VVg YZ G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ;îa^_c hjeeaZbZciZc# :Zc jc^Z`Z a^_c hjeeaZbZciZc kVc eaVciVVgY^\Z ZmigVXiZc bZi d#V# YZ WZhiZ `lVaîZî <^chZc\ Y^Z VVc YZ ZcZ `Vci dcYZghX]Z^Y bVVì ijhhZc bVccZc Zc kgdjlZc hjeeaZi^Z bVVg iZkZch dd` ]Zi kZghX]â bVVì ^c a^X]VbZa^_`Z Zc \ZZhiZa^_`Z kZgbdZ^Y]Z^Y# 9Z V[\ZadeZc Yg^Z _VVg o^_c Zg Yddg dch Zc dcoZ G>:H heZX^Va^hiZc ]dcYZgYZc `jgZc hjXXZhkda ^c\ZoZi# 9jh bdZ o^_c ]dZ[i cj ZX]i c^Zi bZZg# @^_` Zc WZhiZa de lll# g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca d[ WZodZ` dch de YZ \ZodcY]Z^YhWZjgh kVc && i$b&) [ZWgjVg^ ^c YZ _VVgWZjgh JigZX]i kddg ZZc \gVi^h VYk^Zh# JîZgVVgY `jci j dd` cVVg ZZc kVc YZ G>:H heZX^Va^hiZc W^_ j ^c YZ Wjjgi \VVc kddg ZZc VYk^Zh de bVVi o^Z aVVihiZ eV\^cV bV\Vo^cZ #

B9IGGDF5M

J9FG@5J=B; KL?B@8G4MB?<A8 <F 78 5BBF7B8A8E BA58:E<C 5<= ?8>8A 8A >AB 4EGF8A 6ah _Z oZa[ c^Zi kZghaVV[Y WZci VVc cZjhhegVn ^h ]Zi bdZâ^_` db ]Zi [ZcdbZZc iZ WZ\g^_eZc# KZZa bZchZc ]ZWWZc ZZc cZ\Vi^ZkZ VhhdX^Vi^Z W^_ kZghaVk^c\ odVah Ygj\h Zc \d``Zc Zc YVVgdb `jccZc oZ Zg lZ^c^\ WZ\gê kddg deWgZc\Zc# =Zi \gdiZ kZghX]â bZi VcYZgZ kZghaVk^c\Zc ^h YZ ddgoVV`# LVVg VcYZgZ kZghaVk^c\Zc odVah \d``Zc! VaXd]da Yg^c`Zc Zc Ygj\h \ZWgj^` dcihiVVc jî kZgi^Zg WZ\^ci od\ZcVVbYZ »Dig^k^chncYgddb¼ bZi ZZc a^X]VbZa^_`Z àVX]i# OdlZa aZ`Zc Vah kZZa @CD"VgihZc oZ\\Zc/ _Z bdZi \Zlddc \ZZc cZjhhegVn bZZg \ZWgj^`Zc# 9Vi ^h \Zlddc \ZZc dei^Z kddg bZchZc Y^Z VVc cZjhhegVn kZghaVV[Y o^_c# ?Z lZZi cVbZa^_` YVi _Z odcYZg ]Zi \ZWgj^` kVc cZjhhegVn ZZc WZcVjlY Zc kZgkZaZcY \ZkdZa ojai \VVc `g^_\Zc Zc YVi _Z YVc c^Zi d[ ]ZZa haZX]i ojai \VVc haVeZc#

J4G 7B8G 78 A8HFFCE4L2 6ah bZc YZ hegVn ^c YZ cZjh \ZWgj^ì YVc `dbi ]Zi de ]Zi cZjhha^_bka^Zh# =^ZgYddg \VVi ]Zi cVVg YZ WadZYkViZc kVc ]Zi cZjhha^_bka^Zh# 9ZoZ WadZYkViZc ldgYZc kZgkda\Zch hVbZc\Z`cZeZc lVVgYddg ]Zi ha^_bka^Zh YjccZg ldgYi odYVi bZc bV``Za^_`Zg `Vc VYZb]VaZc# J44EB@ <F <8@4A7 I8EF?4497 44A A8HFFCE4L2 6ah bZc YZ cZjhhegVn aVc\Zg YVc ZZc lZZ` \ZWgj^ì `Vc Zg ]Zi »gZWdjcY"Z[[ZXi¼ dcihiVVc# 9Z WadZYkViZc \VVc ^c Yî \ZkVa cd\ l^_YZg deZchiVVc Zc ]Zi ha^_bka^Zh ldgYi Y^``Zg YVc YVi ]Zi kddg YZ WZ]VcYZa^c\ lVh# 9VVgYddg ^h bZc cd\ kZZa bZZg WZcVjlY YVc W^_ ZZc cdgbVaZ kZg`djY]Z^Y# 9Z Zc^\Z deadhh^c\ ^h YVc kddg kZaZc db dec^Zjl cZjhhegVn iZ \ZWgj^`Zc#

46G<89 @8G 5<B 9EH<G HJ>@:GK:GHA6K>C< >H DE 9>I BDB:CI ::C K::A 7:HEGD@:C DC9:GL:GE# B66G =D: O>I 9>I 96C B:I ;GJ>I4 9: HJ>@:GH >C ;GJ>I O>?C 6AI>?9 >C 76A6CH B:I 9: =D:K::A=:>9 K:O:AH DB 9: KGJ8=I# =>:G9DDG LDG9I 9>G:8I: DEC6B: KDDG@DB:C :C 9: HID:A<6C< 7:KDG9:GI# 7DK:C9>:C =:77:C L: 9:O: HJ>@:GH CD9>< DB I: A:K:C# IB87<A:FFGB998A ;gjî aZkZgi lZ^c^\ XVadg^Z c Zc kZZa kîVb^cZh! b^cZgVaZc Zc kdZY^c\hkZoZah# ;gjî aZkZgi dd` `dda]nYgViZc# 9VVgcVVhi WZkVi [gjî ZZc \gddi VVciVa W^dVXi^ZkZ hid[[Zc! odVah XVgdiZcd YZc! anXdeZcZc Zc ÅVkdcd YZc# ;gjî WZkVi dd` ojgZc Zc hj^`Zg# 6kdXVYd ^h ZZc kVc YZ lZ^c^\Z kgjX]iZc Y^Z gZaVi^Z[ kZZa kZi Zc Yjh dd` kZZa XVadg^Z c WZkViiZc# =Zi o^_c ZX]iZg lZa YZ dckZgoVY^\YZ kZiiZc! Yjh YZ \ZodcYZ kZiiZc# 9Z ]dZkZZa]ZYZc kdZY^c\hhid[[Zc kZghX]âaZc Zg\ ijhhZc YZ kZghX]âaZcYZ [gjîhddgiZc# Dd` W^ccZc YZoZa[YZ hddgi `jccZc kZghX]âaZc WZhiVVc# 6[]Vc`Za^_` kVc ]Zi gVh! ]Zi hZôdZc! WdYZb! WZbZhi^c\ Zc à^bVVi `jccZc YZ ]dZkZZa]ZYZc kdZY^c\hhid[[Zc kVg^ gZc# :g o^_c \ZZc VVcl^_o^c\Zc YVi W^dad\^hX] \ZiZZaY [gjî bZZg kdZY^c\hhid[[Zc WZkVi# KîVb^cZ 8 oî kddgVa ^c olVgiZ WZhhZc! eVeV_V! `^l^! Xîgjh[gjî Zc VVgYWZ^Zc# 6eeZah WZkViiZc lZ^c^\ kîVb^cZ 8# KgjX]iZc ^c Wa^` d[ \aVh WZkViiZc bZZhiVa lZ^c^\ kîVb^cZ 8# Dc\ZkZZg &+ kVc YZ \Zb^YYZaYZ ]dZkZZa]Z^Y kîVb^cZ 8 Y^Z ^ZbVcY W^ccZc`g^_\i `dbi jî [gjî#

idX] ZZc WZaVc\g^_`Z `Va^jbWgdc# Dc\ZkZZg , kVc ]Zi `Va^jb YVi YZ CZYZgaVcYZg \Zb^YYZaY W^ccZc`g^_\i! ^h V[`dbhi^\ jî [gjî# @dda]nYgViZc aZkZgZc ZcZg\^Z# ;gjî aZkZgi Yî kddgVa ^c YZ kdgb kVc hj^`Zg# 9VVgcVVhi WZkViiZc hdbb^\Z [gjîhddgiZc lVi oZibZZa! odVah WVcVcZc# Dc\ZkZZg &% idi &* kVc ]Zi \Zl^X]i kVc [gjî WZhiVVi jî hj^`Zg# :g o^_c jîodcYZg^c\Zc# Od WZkVi XîgdZc b^cYZg YVc & hj^`Zg Zc YZ YVYZa bZZg YVc +% # <gdZciZ Zc [gjî aZkZgZc hVbZc * kVc YZ ]dZkZZa]Z^Y ZcZg\^Z Y^Z YZ \Zb^YYZaYZ CZYZgaVcYZg W^ccZc`g^_\i# <gdZciZc o^_c \dZY kddg ( # ;gjî ^h ZZc \dZYZ Wgdc kVc kdZY^c\hkZoZah# 9ZoZ o^_c WZaVc\g^_` kddg ZZc \dZYZ YVgblZg`^c\# >c CZYZgaVcY ^h [gjî \Zb^YYZaY \dZY kddg dc\ZkZZg && kVc YZ idiVaZ ]dZkZZa]Z^Y kdZY^c\hkZoZa Y^Z ^ZbVcY W^ccZc`g^_\i# ;gjî WZkVi ZZc \gddi VVciVa W^dVXi^ZkZ hid[[Zc# H=D/ 99H :FI=H I=H >9 9=;9B @5B8 9B I=H <9H G9=NC9B"

;da^jbojjg kîVb^cZ 7&& ^h cdY^\ kddg YZ \gdZ^ Zc ]Zi ^c hiVcY ]djYZc kVc ]Zi a^X]VVb Zc kddg YZ VVcbVV` kVc gdYZ Zc lîiZ WadZYXZaaZc# ;da^jbojjg ^h kddg dc\ZkZZg + kVc lVi YZ CZYZgaVcYZg \Zb^YYZaY W^ccZc`g^_\i V[`dbhi^\ jî [gjî# 6VgYWZ^Zc Zc h^cVVhVeeZa WZkViiZc kZZa [da^jbojjg# @Va^jb ^h WZaVc\g^_` kddg ZZc cdgbVaZ WadZYYgj`# =Zi oî kddgVa ^c WVcVVc! `gZciZc Zc gdo^_cZc# >c VeeZa oî c^Zi od kZZa `Va^jb! bVVg dbYVi lZ YZoZ kgjX]i kZZa ZiZc! ^h ]Zi

E8@B FC8<=8EF

F>< JBE> BHG FYac GdY]^Yfg `]b_g ]g YYb VY_YbX hcdgdcfhYf dYfgcbU` hfU]bYf Yb gdcfhgW\cc`Y][YbUUf" <]^ VY\UU`XY n]^b hcddfYghUh]Yg c"U" h]^XYbg n]^b WUff] fY U`g dfcZ!]^g\cW_YmYf Yb FYX 6i`` 7fUg\YX =WY Uh`YYh" <]YfV]^ kYfX \]^ c"U" VY[Y`Y]X Xccf C`mad]gW\ gW\UUhghfU]bYf 5V ?fcc_ Yb C`mad]gW\ VcUfXYfWfcgghfU]bYf :fUb_ ;YfaUbb fYW\hg " <Yh aU[ Xi]XY`]^_ n]^b XUh XY k]bhYf FYac»g ZUjcf]YhY gY]ncYb ]g"

;nh^di]ZgVeZji ?dg^` kVc IddgZcWjg\ a^c`h ! GZbd HeZ^_Zgh! WdVgYZgXgdhhigV^cZg ;gVc` <ZgbVcc Zc Danbe^hX] hX]VVihigV^cZg 6W @gdd` gZX]ih i^_YZch YZ igV^c^c\Zc ^c =^ciZgijm 6 #

;5 :=H 89 D=GH9 CD :Zc \dZYZ [nh^Z`Z kddgWZgZ^Y^c\ kddg _Z l^ciZghedgi ^h cddYoV`Za^_`# :g \VVc bZZg YVc & bâ_dZc CZYZgaVcYZgh eZg _VVg YZ e^hiZ de! lVVgkVc Zg -%#%%% \ZWaZhhZZgY gV`Zc# 9ddg \dZY ^c kdgb iZ o^_c! kZgàZ^c _Z YZ `Vch de WaZhhjgZh VVco^Zca^_`# CVVhi ZZc \dZY kdZY^c\heVigddc Zc kdaYdZcYZ gjhi! ]ZW _Z dd` ZZc [nh^Z`Z eg^``Za^c\ cdY^\# 7ZgZ^Y _Z oZa[ kddg bZi YZoZ jîYV\ZcYZ ldg`"dji# 9^Z _Z cVijjga^_` dd` `Vc YdZc Vah _Z c^Zi de l^ciZghedgi \VVi# 9ZoZ igV^c^c\ WZhiVVi kddgcVbZa^_` jî eandbZig^hX]Z dZ[Zc^c\Zc! Y^Z Vah YdZa ]ZWWZc db _Z he^ZgZc hcZaaZ! `gVX]i^\Z Zc Zmeadh^ZkZ WZlZ\^c\ VVc iZ aZgZc odcYZg _Z WVaVch Zc Xdﾂ使Y^cVi^Z YVVg^c iZ kZZa iZ kZghidgZc# 9ZoZ dZ[Zc^c\Zc ]ZWWZc ZZc kZg\Za^_`WVgZ WZaVhi^c\ Vah ]Zi V[YVaZc kVc ZZc e^hiZ# =Zi ^h ]^Zgkddg WZaVc\g^_` YVi _Z YZ WVh^hdZ[Zc^c\Zc hfjVi! ajc\Z Zc eaVc` \dZY WZ]ZZghi kddg jîaZ\! o^Z YZ &Z ZYî^Z G>:H BV\Vo^cZ #

@9H CD NCF; 85H >9 89 C9:9B=B;9B

(

)

5@H=>8 A9H 89 >I=GH9 <CI8=B; 9B H97<B=9? I=HJC9FH" HF5=B=B; L

?jbe Ajc\Z '% ]Zg]Va^c\Zc

^c idiVVa [didﾂｼh &! ' Zc (

(% hZX EaVc`

H`ViZg ?jbe '% ]Zg]Va^c\Zc

^c idiVVa [did )

KZgi^XVa ?jbeh &% ]Zg]Va^c\Zc

^c idiVVa [didﾂｼh * Zc +

&*hZX HfjVgZ ?jbeh A

]Zg]Va^c\Zc

&*hZX HfjVgZ ?jbeh G

]Zg]Va^c\Zc

(% hZX HiVi^X HfjVi

* gdcYZh bZi od b^c bd\Za^_` gjhi ijhhZc YZ dZ[Zc^c\Zc %"+% hZX# # 6aaZ dZ[Zc^c\Zc Zc WZcVb^c\Zc o^_c bV``Za^_` de ]Zi ^ciZgcZi iZ k^cYZc# Hedgi^ZkZ l^ciZghedgi

GBA:

DCO: G>:H 8DHB:I>8H B6HI:GH @>?@:C >C 9: EG6@I>?@ DD@ C66G 9: IDC< :C 9: =J>9# ::C <D:9: IDC<"6C6ANH: >H :HH:CI>::A 7>? 9: 7:=6C9:A>C< K6C :8O::B! EHDG>6H>H :C =66GEGD7A:B:C# 7DK:C9>:C @JCC:C O>? DD@ EG:K:CI>:; B::9:C@:C DB EGD7A:B:C >C 9: ID:@DBHI I: B>C>B6A>H:G:C#

J4G M8:G =BHJ GBA: BI8E =BHJ :8MBA7;8<72 >c YZ 8]^cZhZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ ^h YZ idc\Y^V\cdhi^Z` ]Zi bZZhi dW_ZXi^ZkZ Zc WZigdjlWVgZ Y^V\cdh" i^hX]Z ^chigjbZci# 9Z idc\ lZZghe^Z\Zai _djl \ZodcY]Z^YhidZhiVcY >` `^_` cVVg àZjg! kdgb! YZ kdX]i^\]Z^Yh\gVVY! ]Zi idc\WZhaV\ Zc YZ XdcYî^Z bZi YZ WZlZZ\a^_`]Z^Y# ;8G 4?:8@8A8 4FC86G :Zc cdgbVaZ! \ZodcYZ idc\ ^h gdoZgddY kVc àZjg Zc ]ZZ[i ZZc oZ`ZgZ lZ`Zc Xdch^hiZci^Z# =^_ ^h kdX]i^\ Zc a^X]i \aVcoZcY# DbYVi dch a^X]VVb gZV\ZZgi de YZ hZôdZcZc! k^cYZc lZ YZoZ kZgVcYZg^c\Zc iZgj\ ^c YZ idc\# >c YZ odbZg ^h ]Zi WZhaV\ Y^``Zg YVc ^c YZ l^ciZg! ^c YZ odbZg ^h ]Zi WZhaV\ ^Zih \ZaZg YVc ^c YZ l^ciZg# 78 >?8HE I4A =8 GBA: 9Z àZjgZc kVc _Z idc\ lZZghe^Z\Zai YZ idZhiVcY kVc ]Zi WadZY# L :Zc WaZ`Z idc\ l^_hi de WadZY aZZ\iZ# L :Zc iZ gdYZ idc\ Yj^Yi de ZZc ]îiZ idZhiVcY#

:Zc Y^ZegdYZ idc\ l^_hi de ZZc Zgchi^\Zg hiVY^jb kVc lVgbiZ! Y^i o^Zc lZ W^_kddg" WZZaY kVV` W^_ eZghdcZc bZi `ddgih d[ aVc\Yjg^\Z bVi^\Z he^_hkZgiZg^c\h`aVX]iZc# L :Zc ejgeZgZc idc\ ^h Vai^_Y ZZc ^cY^XVi^Z kVc WadZYhiVhZ# L

:Zc WaVjlZ idc\ Yj^Yi de j^iejii^c\ kVc WadZY Zc ZcZg\^Z# :Zc olVgiZ idc\ ^h ZZc oZZg Zgchi^\ iZ`Zc# 9Z ZcZg\^Z kVc ]Zi a^X]VVb ^h idiVVa de#

78 IBE@ I4A =8 GBA: >c ]Zi Va\ZbZZc XdggZhedcYZgZc kdgbV[l^_" `^c\Zc de ZZc WZeVVaYZ eaVVih bZi ZZc XdggZhedcYZgZcYZ bZg^Y^VVc ^c YVi \ZW^ZY# >?BI8A 9lVghZ àdkZc l^_oZc de ZZc iZ`dgi VVc N^c# 9lVghZ àdkZc VVc YZ gVcYZc `jccZc l^_oZc de ZZc bâi hidg^c\# :Zc `dgiZ àdd[ ^c YZ aZc\iZ ^c ]Zi b^YYZc kVc YZ idc\ `Vc l^_oZc de ZZc bVV\hidg^c\# :Zc aVc\Z àdd[ `Vc l^_oZc de ZZc ]Vgihidg^c\# =dZ Y^ZeZg YZ àdd[! ]dZ Zgchi^\Zg YZ `lVVa# :Zc Y^ZeZ aVc\Z àdd[ ^c ]Zi b^YYZc bZi `dgiZ YlVghZ àdkZc `Vc l^_oZc de ZZc c^Zghidg^c\! bZZhiVa iZc \Zkda\Z kVc c^ZghiZcZc d[ higZhh#

7<4:ABF8

;8G GBA:58F?4: :Zc cdgbVVa idc\WZhaV\ ^h Yjc! lî! Zc a^X]i kdX]i^\# :Zc lî idc\WZhaV\ `Vc l^_oZc de adc\ Zc Y^``Z YVgbhidg^c\# :Zc \ZZa idc\WZhaV\ l^_hi bZZhiVa de ZZc bâi Zc bVV\hidg^c\# =dZ Y^``Zg ]Zi idc\WZhaV\! ]dZ hiZg`Zg ZZc WZeVVaYZ eVi]d\ZcZ [VXidg VVclZo^\ ^h ^c ZZc idZhiVcY kVc ZmXZhh# :Zc WZhX]^bbZaY idc\WZhaV\ ^h Y^` Zc kaZ``Zg^\# 7^_ ZZc adc\VWXZh ^h ]Zi WZhaV\ lî Zc hX]^bbZa^\# 7^_ ZZc bVV\olZZg ^h ]Zi WZhaV\ \ZZa Zc hX]^bbZa^\# :Zc lî idc\WZhaV\ ^h ZZc iZ`Zc kVc `djYZ# :Zc \ZZa idc\WZhaV\ ^h ZZc iZ`Zc kVc lVgbiZ# :Zc \g^_h d[ olVgi idc\WZhaV\ Yj^Yi de ZmigZbZ `dj d[ ZmigZbZ lVgbiZ! V[]Vc`Za^_` kVc ZZc Ygd\Z d[ kdX]i^\Z idc\# M<8>G8A :g o^_c WZeVVaYZ o^ZìZc Zc VVcYdZc^c\Zc Y^Z `jccZc aZ^YZc idi ZZc idc\deeZgkaV` Y^Z \ZZa! kjâWgj^c idi olVgi `Vc kZgàZjgZc# :Zc VcYZg kZZakddg`dbZcYZ àVX]i ^h ZZc lî WZhaV\ de YZ idc\# 7^_ ZZc idc\kZgàZjg^c\ ^h Zg kVV` hegV`Z kVc ]VVgidc\ d[ 8VcY^YV VaW^XVch#

%% F=9G GD97=5@=GH9B <9669B A9H GI779G 89 F=9G A5GH9F7@5GG <I=8 ;9JC@;8" :Zc bVhiZgXaVhh Y^Z hiVe kddg hiVe ZZc ]j^Y" egdWaZZb ^c `VVgi WgZc\i# KVc kZgàZjg^c\! Ygdd\iZ d[ kdX]i idi VVc YZ ]j^YegdWaZbVi^Z` Vah ZXoZZb! VXcZ! XdjeZgdhZ! gdhVXZV Zc ehdg^Vh^h#IZkZch o^_c YZ G>:H BVhiZgh ^c hiVVi YZ idc\ kV``jcY^\ iZ VcVanhZgZc# JîZgVVgY o^_c o^_ WZaddcY bZi ZZc XZgi^ÄXVVi# 9Z heZX^Va^hiZc Y^Z YZ G>:H BVhiZgXaVhh ]ZWWZc V[\ZgdcY o^_c0 9ZaZ_d BVg_V kVc 7ZZ` H`^c HijY^d =Z^Yn <Ze`Zch 7VaVcXZ GdhVccZ kVc =Vb >chiîjji =Zab^g B^g^Vb kVc <ZZa ;VXZ i]Z ;VXZ EViin kVc HigViZc H`^cZ[[ZXi ?Zcc^[Zg kVc YZg BZ^_YZc 9Z GZ^cZhiZ^c ?ZVccZiiZ Eda`ZgbVc 9g# DZ^ LZaacZhh Aâ^Vc DZ^ H`^c 9ZZe BVg\V kVc YZc 7Zg\] @VehVadc ]VVg Yddg HVh`^V " HVh`^V Kd\Zah 8Vgda^Zc :^X]]dgc

laat de

Natuur

uw huid verzorgen

RIES Cosmetics - Natuurlijk beter -

Agecontrol

Cleanser *% ba

,( Ă&#x2026; VXdc

Daycomfort

Combinatie aanbieding Daycomfort + Nightsupport voor E ), ,(

*% ba

Nightsupport

Peeling

*% ba

&%% ba

Combinatie aanbieding Agecontrol + Nightsupport voor E +, ,(

`T^X hc `Xg FX_XaX ?Xag]Xf

Stap voor Stap B6@:"JE KDDG ::C 9DC@:G: =J>9 &*

I4A 78 E<8F @4:4M<A8 ?8M8EF >E88: <A 78 IE44:- G<CF 8A 47I<8F IBBE 78 7BA>8E8 ;H<7! KVV` ldgYi WZlZZgY YVi ZZc \ZàZjgYZ ]j^Y bdZâ^_`Zg ^h db de iZ bV`Zc YVc ZZc WaVc`Z ]j^Y# >ciZ\ZcYZZa0 _Z `jci ]ZZa kZZa àZjgZc YgV\Zc! bVVg Zg \ZaYZc lZa ZZc eVVg gZ\Zah# 9Z àZjg`ZjoZh Y^Z W^_ ]Zi debV`Zc kVc ZZc \ZàZjgYZ ]j^Y \ZbVVì bdZiZc ldgYZc o^_c ZmVXi YZoZa[YZ Vah W^_ ZZc WaVc`Z ]j^Y# :Zghi \V _Z YZ àZjgiddc WZeVaZc0 ]ZWWZc lZ iZ bV`Zc bZi ZZc `dZaZ dcYZgiddc gdoZ d[ ZZc lVgbZ dcYZgiddc \ZaZ # :g o^_c kZZa kZghX]âaZcYZ Ydc`ZgZ ]j^YineZc bZi Za` ]jc heZX^ÄZ`Z \ZaVVihàZjg0 :Wdcn WaVX`! \ZZaWgj^c! da^_[Wgj^c Zc gddYWgj^c kVg^ gZcY kVc a^X]i cVVg Ydc`Zg# 9Z ]j^Y ^h c^Zi Vai^_Y Z\VVa0 aîiZ`ZclZZ[hZa! e^\bZcikaZ``Zc! \gdkZ edg^ c! \aVcoZcY ]j^YdeeZgkaV`! kZgàZjg^c\Zc ^c ]Zi \Zo^X]i d[ Yd[[Z eaZ``Zc o^_c ineZgZcY kddg Yî ]j^YineZ# KVV` o^Z _Z ]Zi àZjgkZghX]â W^_ YZ bdcY! d\Zc d[ ]Zi kddg]dd[Y kaV`W^_ YZ ]VVg\gZch # 9î \ZW^ZY ^h kVV` ZZc i^ci Ydc`ZgYZg YVc YZ gZhi kVc ]Zi \Zo^X]i# 9ZoZ Ydc`ZgZ odcZh ]ZWWZc YVc dd` ZZc XdcXZVaZg cdY^\ bZi ZZc \ZaZ d[ dgVc_Z i^ci# 7^_ dcgZ\ZabVi^\]ZYZc Y^Z _Z \VVi XVbdjÅZgZc! WZlZg` YVc VaaZZc YZ bZZhi hidgZcYZ Zc ^c ]Zi dd\ heg^c\ZcYZ YZaZc# BZi YZ dgVc_Z XdcXZVaZg egdWZZg _Z YZ Yd[[Z YZaZc ^c ]Zi \Zo^X]i lVi iZ kZgaZkZcY^\Zc# 7ZYZc` lZa YVi YZ àZjg kVc ]Zi bViZg^VVa kZgVcYZgi odYgV _Z ]Zi de YZ ]j^Y VVcWgZc\i! Yjh `^Zh YVc a^ZkZg ^Zih iZ lVgb YVc iZ `djY# :Zc kZg`ZZgYZ Zc$d[ iZ a^X]iZ àZjg ldgYi kVV` \g^_h! \gVjl d[ \gdZc de YZ ]j^Y# 9î \ZaYi dd` kddg YZ dd\hX]VYjl# 7^_ ZZc Ydc`ZgZ ]j^Y `jccZc àZjge^\bZciZc YVc Y^gZXi ^c YZ ]j^Y oV``Zc lVVgYddg YZ ]j^YhàZjg cd\ o^X]iWVVg ^h Zc YZ bV`Z"je cVjlZa^_`h Z[[ZXi ]ZZ[i# 9VVgcVVhi `jccZc YZ àZjgZc ZZc \gVjlZ \adZY d[ kaZ` de ]Zi \Zo^X]i \ZkZc# Db _Z [djcYVi^dc iZ ÄmZgZc \ZWgj^` _Z »WVcVcV edlYZg¼# 9î ^h YZ eZg[ZXiZ edZYZg db iZ ÄmZgZc Zc iZ ]^\]a^\]iZc odcYZg ZZc lîiZ d[ \gVjlZ aVV\ VX]iZg iZ aViZc#

6ah ZZghi ]ZWWZc lZ ]Zi ]VVg kddgWZlZgì Yddg ]Zi VakVhi od \aVY bd\Za^_` iZ bV`Zc Zc iZ hi^_aZc# 9Z ]j^Y kVc ]Zi bdYZa ]ZZ[i \gdkZ edg^ c! kVcYVVg YVi ^` ]^Zgkddg ZZc eg^bZg ]ZW \ZWgj^ì# <ZWgj^` \ZZc lîiZ YV\Xg bZ! lVci Yî bVVì ]Zi Yd[ Zc hdbWZg#

9Z Ydc`ZgZ odcZh Zc dcgZ\ZabVi^\]ZYZc WZc ^` \VVc XVbdjÅZgZc bZi ZZc dgVc_Z XdcXZVaZg# Kddg YZ [djcYVi^dc \ZWgj^` ^` YZ h]VeZ iZX]c^Z` ^c YZ kdg^\Z ZYî^Z ]ZW ^` ]^Zg W^_ hiâ \ZhiVVc # =Zi bdYZa ]ZZ[i ZZc \ZaZ dcYZgiddc# Kddg YZ ]^\]a^\]ih ]ZW ^` YZ \ZaZ$WVcVcVàZjg \ZWgj^ì# Kddg YZ hX]VYjl Zc XdcidjgZc ]ZW ^` \Z`doZc kddg ilZZ i^ciZc Ydc`ZgYZg YVc ]VVg ]j^YhàZjg#

=Zi \Z]ZZa ^h \ZÄmZZgY bZi YZ WVcVcVedlYZg# 9Z lZc`WgVjlZc o^_c VVc\ZoZi bZi ZZc edZYZg# BZi ZZc gdoZ bViiZ dd\hX]VYjl WZYZ` ^` ]Zi dd\a^Y Zc ]Zi \ZW^ZY idi VVc YZ lZc`WgVjl#

=Zi WZlZ\ZcYZ dd\a^Y ]ZW ^` ^c\ZàZjgY kVc W^ccZc`Vci dd\ \ZZa$\djY cVVg WjîZc" `Vci dd\ `deZg$dgVc_Z # Db ]Zi aîiZ`Zci_Z W^_ ]VVg a^c`Zg dd\ lVi iZ XVbdjÅZgZc! ]ZW ^` YZ aVVihiZ igZcY idZ\ZeVhi/ ]Zi iZgj\ aViZc `dbZc kVc \gVÄhX]Z a^_cZc# >` ]ZW Yî \ZYVVc Yddg bZi ZZc k^daZi i^ci ZZc oVX]iZ a^_c iZ eaVVihZc iZ\Zc YZ VgXVYZWdd\ Zc ZZc Yjc olVgi a^_ci_Z bZi `d]aediaddY iZ\Zc YZ l^beZggVcY#

9Z add` ^h V[\ZbVVì bZi ZZc a^X]i `dgVVagdYZ Wajh] iZ\Zc YZ _j`WZZcYZgZc VVc# 9Z aêeZc o^_c ^c\ZàZjgY bZi ZZc >cY^hX] gddY aêediaddY bZi YVVgdkZg ZZc `deZgàZjg^\Z aêeZchi^[i#

I:6BLDG@ =:I >H 7:HI 6A L:A ::C DJ9 <:O:<9:# I:6BLDG@! B::G 96C 9: HDB 9:G 9:A:C# B66G L:A =::A :G< L66G# 6AH >:9:G A>9 K6C =:I I:6B O>?C >CEJI A:K:GI >H 9: J>I@DBHI <GDI:G 96C & &2'#

7^_cV ^ZYZgZZc bVV`i [did¼h! kZaZc bV`Zc dd` ]ZaZ bdd^Z [did¼h# BVVg kVV` `dbZc YZ WZZaYZc idi hiVcY kVcj^i Z^\Zc hbVV` Zc kZZaVa dd` bZi YZ WZeZg`^c\ kVc VVc" d[ V[lZo^\Z `Zcc^h Zc ZgkVg^c\! \ZgZZYhX]Ve d[ de\ZWdjlYZ hi^_a#

7^_ ;did"8dcXZei hiVVc l^_ kddg jc^Z`Z WZZaYZc# 9î k^cYZc l^_ W^_cV \Zlddc! dbYVi ^ZYZg eZghddc jc^Z` ^h! ^ZYZg WZYg^_[ jc^Z` ^h! YZ egdYjXiZc Zc dd` _djl àVciZc jc^Z` o^_c# 9î VaaZh W^_ Za`VVg kVai VaaZZc iZ kZgiVaZc cVVg jc^Z`Z WZZaYZc# LVci dd` Va ]ZW _^_ cZi od¼c hddgi WZYg^_[ Zc \ZWgj^` _Z YZoZa[YZ egdYjXiZc Vah ZZc VcYZg! Yddg _djl eZghddc Zc _djl àVciZc ^h ]Zi idX] VcYZgh Zc YVVgbZZ jc^Z`# BVVg db Y^Z jc^Z`Z WZZaYZc iZ bV`Zc `jccZc lZ c^Zi Zc`Za dcoZ Z^\Zc hbVV` Zc hi^_a idZeVhhZc! iZgZc de VVclZo^\Z `Zcc^h Zc ZgkVg^c\ d[ \dZY \ZgZZYhX]Ve \ZWgj^`Zc# Db _djl jc^Z`Z WZZaYZc iZ `jccZc bV`Zc ]ZWWZc lZ ZZc hij`_Z ^ceji kVc _dj! d[ iZ lZa! _djl jc^Z`]Z^Y cdY^\ 9jh WZc _^_ cZi od WZaVc\g^_` ^c ]Zi iZVb db idi ]Zi jc^Z`Z Z^cYgZhjaiVVi iZ `dbZc Vah Za` VcYZg a^Y kVc ]Zi iZVb#

Cj à^cì Yî WZhi lZa i]ZdgZi^hX] Zc kddg WZZaYZc bV`Zc VaaZh odkZZa Yj^YZa^_`Zg# L^_ ]ZWWZc dcaVc\h hVbZc bZi ZZc ]ZZa iZVb \ZlZgì VVc ZZc ]ZZa c^Zjl jc^Z` XdcXZei# Jc^Z` dbYVi W^ccZc YZ WgVcX]Zh kVc YZ iZVbaZYZc Yî XdcXZei de YZoZ bVc^Zg c^Zi ZZgYZg jî\ZkdZgY lVh# =Zi iZVb WZhidcY jî ZZc bdYZa BVg^hhV KVhiZgY ! ZZc k^hV\^hi$]V^ghina^hi A^cYV kVc 7ZVjin;M ! ZZc WadZbhina^hiZ B^gVcYV C^_kZaY kVc C^_kZaY 9Zh^\c Zc jîZgVVgY ^` oZa[! [did\gVV[ Gdc kVc ;did"8dcXZei # HVbZc lZgìZc lZ ]Zi XdcXZei jî kVc ZZc WadZbZcidd^! \Z che^gZZgY de YZ idd^ odVah ^cY^VcZc YZoZ YgV\Zc# 9ddg ]Zi Zci]djh^VhbZ kVc Za` iZVba^Y! YZ ^ceji kVc Za`Z Y^hXêa^cZ Zc ]Zi hVbZc idi ZZc jc^Z` Z^cYgZhjaiVVi lâaZc `dbZc! `dcYZc lZ ]Zi WZhiZ jî Za`VVg cVVg WdkZc WgZc\Zc# 9Z `ZjoZ kVc YZ _j^hiZ adXVi^Z kddg YZ [didh]ddi lZgY ^c dkZgaZ\ \ZbVVì Zc ]Zi lZZg lZgìZ ^c YZoZ dd` Vah ZZc ZX]iZ iZVbeaVnZg bZZ# M<8 ;<8E 74A BB> ;8G E8FH?G44G! Lâ _^_ _ZoZa[ _Z WZYg^_[ d[ _Z egdYjXi egZhZciZgZc VVc YZ lZgZaY bZi ]Zi WZZaYbViZg^VVa YVi W^_ _dj eVhi Zc YVi aVVi o^Zc ]dZ jc^Z` _^_ WZci4 HiVe YVc ^c ]Zi iZVb ;did"8dcXZei LZaa^X]i idi hcZa Gdc Gji\Zgh! lll#[did"XdcXZei#ca

BV\cZh^jb B6<C:H>JB >H ::C B>C:G66A 96I 66CL:O>< >H >C >:9:G: 8:A K6C =:I A>8=66B# =:I >H DCB>H766G KDDG 9: :C:G<>:EGD9J8I>:! 9: L:G@>C< K6C HE>:G:C :C O:CJL:C :C KDDG =:I 7:=DJ9 K6C 9: HI:K><=:>9 K6C 7DII:C# BV\cZh^jb heZZai ZZc WZaVc\g^_`Z gda W^_ YZ lZg`^c\ kVc ZconbZc ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb Zc ^h WZigd``Zc W^_ YZ VVcbVV` kVc ]dgbdcZc# Dc\ZkZZg YZ ]Za[i kVc YZ bV\cZh^jbkddggVVY ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb WZk^cYi o^X] ^c XdbW^cVi^Z bZi XVaX^jb Zc [dh[VVi ^c ]Zi Wdi#

4QJOB[JF

KdZY^c\ ^h YZ Wgdc kVc bV\cZh^jb# =Zi ^h VVclZo^\ ^c kZaZ kdZY^c\hb^YYZaZc! bZi cVbZ ^c cdiZc! \gVcZc! X]^VoVVY! \gdZcZ \gdZciZc odVah edhiZaZ^c! he^cVo^Z Zc ZgliZc# 9Z ]dZkZZa]Z^Y bV\cZh^jb ^c WadZY! XZaaZc Zc Wdi ldgYi Yddg ]Zi a^X]VVb XdchiVci \Z]djYZc# 9Z gZ\jaVi^Z \ZWZjgi Yddg VVceVhh^c\ kVc decVbZ k^V YZ YVgbZc Zc j^ihX]Z^Y^c\ bZi YZ jg^cZ! k^V YZ c^ZgZc # 9Z Vgih `Vc ZZc WZeVa^c\ kVc bV\cZh^jb VVckgV\Zc Vah YZ eVi^ ci VVc]djYZcY ZZc kZgaVV\Y XVaX^jb d[ `Va^jb ]ZZ[i! kddg eVi^ ciZc bZi hnbeidbZc Y^Z eVhhZc W^_ ZZc kZgaVV\Y

&SXUFO

$IJB[BBE

'$ &$

/PUFO

(SBBO

1PTUFMFJO

aVc\Yjg^\ \ZWgj^` kVc eaVhe^aaZc Y^jgZi^XV aVc\Yjg^\Z Y^VggZZ cV ZZc X]^gjg\^hX]Z ^c\gZZe W^_ Zgchi^\Z WgVcYldcYZc W^_ olVc\ZghX]VehkZg\^[i^\^c\

bV\cZh^jb! dcYZgodZ` cVVg bVaVWhdgei^Z! dcYZgkdZY^c\! Y^VggZZ d[ VaXd]dab^hWgj^`! W^_ \ZWgj^` kVc hdbb^\Z \ZcZZhb^YYZaZc Y^Z YZ j^ihX]Z^Y^c\ kVc bV\cZh^jb Yddg YZ c^ZgZc WZkdgYZgZc d[ iZg XdcigdaZ kVc YZ c^Zg[jcXi^Z#

6[]Vc`Za^_` kVc YZ kdZY^c\ `Vc ZZc bV\cZh^jbiZ`dgi dcihiVVc# 9î ^h W^_kddgWZZaY ]Zi \ZkVa ^c kZZa kdZYhZaegdYjXiZc ^c YZ LZhiZghZ bVVihX]Vee^_# 9ddg ]Zi kddgiYjgZcY \ZWgj^` kVc ZZco^_Y^\Z `jchibZhi `Vc YZ \gdcY od Vgb ldgYZc VVc bV\cZh^jb! YVi Zg ZZc iZ`dgi ^c dcoZ kdZY^c\ `Vc dcihiVVc# 9Z hnbeidbZc kVc ZZc iZ`dgi o^_c Va\Z]ZaZ ajhiZaddh]Z^Y d[ kZgbdZ^Y]Z^Y# 7^_ ZZc aVc\Yjg^\ iZ`dgi VVc bV\cZh^jb igZYZc àVX]iZc de Vah ^ggîVi^Z kVc YZ oZcjlZc ^c YZ he^ZgZc! ]VgigîbZhiddgc^hhZc Zc bVV\`gVbeZc#

7^_ ZZc iZkZZa VVc bV\cZh^jb dcihiVVi a^X]iZ Y^VggZZ#

L L L L

:Zc kZg]dd\YZ XdcXZcigVi^Z bV\cZh^jb ^h oZaYZc VVc YZ kdZY^c\ iZ l^_iZc# BZZhiVa ^h ZZc kZg]dd\Y bV\cZh^jb ]Zi gZhjaiVVi kVc egdWaZbZc W^_ j^ihX]Z^Y^c\ d[ kVc `jchibVi^\Z idZY^Zc^c\#

:Zc aV\Z XdcXZcigVi^Z bV\cZh^jb ]nedbV\"cZh^ b^Z `Vc ]Zi \Zkda\ o^_c kVc/ dckdaYdZcYZ ^ccVbZ kVc bV\cZh^jb k^V YZ kdZY^c\! kddgVa W^_ djYZgZc! bZchZc bZi dcYZgkdZY^c\ Zc W^_ VaXd]dab^hWgj^` L dckdaYdZcYZ decVbZ kVc bV\cZh^jb k^V YZ YVgbZc W^_kddgWZZaY Vah \Zkda\ kVc YZ o^ZìZ kVc 8gd]c dcihiZ`^c\Zc ^c ]Zi ha^_bka^Zh kVc YZ YVgbZc L iZ ]d\Z jîhX]Z^Y^c\ kVc bV\cZh^jb k^V YZ c^ZgZc L iZ ]d\Z d[ iZ aV\Z ]dZkZZa]ZYZc \ajXdhZ hj^`Zg ^c ]Zi WadZY dc\ZXdcigdaZZgYZ Y^VWZiZh L kZgb^cYZgYZ VXi^kîZî kVc YZ W^_hX]âYà^Zg ]nedeVgVi]ngZd Y^Z L

:Zc kZg]dd\Y bV\cZh^jb `Vc ldgYZc \ZkdcYZc W^_/ L L

L L L

L L

c^Zg[VaZc dkZgVXi^ZkZ W^_hX]âYà^Zg ]neZgeVgVi]ngZd Y^Z haZX]i lZg`ZcYZ hX]âYà^Zg jîYgd\^c\ kZgojg^c\ iZ aV\Z e= kVc ]Zi WadZY W^_ Y^VWZiZh Y^VWZi^hX]Z VX^YdhZ o^ZìZ kVc 6YY^hdc \ZWgj^` kVc bV\cZh^jb WZkViiZcYZ aVmZZgb^YYZaZc

%PPS IFU WPPSUEVSFOE HFCSVJL WBO FFO[JKEJHF LVOTUNFTU LBO EF HSPOE [P BSN XPSEFO BBO NBHOFTJVN EBU FS FFO UFLPSU JO PO[F WPFEJOH LBO POUTUBBO

88A :B878 C?4F

>B@G H<G 78 8A>8? 9Z kadZ^hid[[Zc Y^Z l^_ cZbZc odg\Zc kddg kdX]i! kdZY^c\ Zc kZg`dZa^c\ Zc o^_c kVc lZoZca^_` WZaVc\ kddg ]Zi a^X]VVb# DcoZ kdX]i]j^h]djY^c\ ldgYi kda\Zch YZ 8]^cZhZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ \ZgZ\ZaY Yddg YZ 9g^ZkdjY^\Z KZglVgbZg d[ HVc ?^Vd# =Zi hnhiZZb ldgYi ^c Yg^Z c \ZYZZaY/ YZ DcYZghiZ"! B^YYZc" Zc 7dkZchiZ"?^Vd lVgbZg YVi Za` ZZc WZeVVaY a^X]VVbh\ZW^ZY kZgodg\i# =Zi odg\i Zgkddg YVi YZ kdZY^c\hZhhZcXZh XdggZXi ldgYi \ZhX]Z^YZc Zc YZ kadZ^hid[[Zc cVVg YZ _j^hiZ dg\Vc^hbZc ldgYZc \ZigVchedgiZZgY# KadZ^hid[[Zc `dbZc YZ bVV\ W^ccZc! lVVg oZ bZi WZ]jae kVc YZ bâi kZglZgì ldgYZc# LViZg ]ZZ[i ]îiZ cdY^\ db iZ igVch[dgbZgZc# 9Z nVc\ ZcZg\^Z kVc YZ c^ZgZc kZghX]V[i ]îiZ kddg VaaZ kZgVcYZg^c\hegdXZhhZc ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb# 9Z ]îiZ hX]Z^Yi YZ kadZ^hid[[Zc ^c oj^kZgZ kadZ^hid[[Zc Y^Z cVVg YZ adc\Zc deg^_oZc ]Zi oj^kZgZ YZZa Zc Y^``Z kadZ^hid[[Zc Y^Z V[YVaZc cVVg YZ c^ZgZc Zc WaVVh# =^Zg k^cYi kZgYZgZ V[hX]Z^Y^c\ eaVVih Zc ]Zi V[kVa ]Zi dcoj^kZgZ YZZa ldgYi Yddg YZ WaVVh V[\ZhX]Z^YZc# 9Z adc\Zc kZghijgZc YZ kZglZgìZ kadZ^hid[[Zc cVVg YZ ]j^Y Zc YZ gZhi cVVg YZ `VcVaZc Zc dg\VcZc#

78 7E<8IBH7<:8 I8EJ4E@8E 9Z gdjiZ lVVgaVc\h YZoZ egdXZhhZc eaVVihk^cYZc! ldgYi WZhX]gZkZc Vah YZ Yg^ZkdjY^\Z kZglVgbZg d[ HVc ?^Vd# =Zi a^X]VVb ldgYi kZgYZZaY ^c Yg^Z \ZW^ZYZc lVVg deeZg"?^Vd d[ »lda`Zc¼ WZhiVVi jî YZ VgbZc# 9Z b^YYZc ?^Vd d[ ¹WdggZaZcYZ `ZiZaº dbkVi YZ bVV\! bâi! aZkZg! \VaWaVVh! Ze^\Vhigjb WdkZcWj^` Zc ]nedX]dcYg^jb! YZ aV\Z ?^Vd d[ V[kdZg`VcVVaº YZ c^ZgZc! WaVVh! Y^``Zg YVgb! YjccZ YVgb! WVVgbdZYZg! WZcZc Zc \ZhaVX]ihYZaZc# 5?44FBAGFG8><A: IB?:8AF 78 6;<A8F8 :8A88F>HA78 Kda\Zch YZ 8]^cZhZ \ZcZZh`jcYZ o^_c WaVVh" dcihiZ`^c\Zc iZ l^_iZc VVc ZZc VVclZo^\]Z^Y kVc kdX]i^\]Z^Y Zc ]îiZ ^c YZ jg^cZWaVVh# 9ZoZ ZcZg\^Z `Vc o^X] dboZiiZc ^c kjjg! ]Zi\ZZc YZ WgVcYZg^\Z e^_c Zc ]Zi olVgZ \ZkdZa ^c YZ dcYZgWj^` kZgàVVgi# :Zc VVciVa eaVciZc Y^Z ^c hiVVi o^_c ]Zg]VVaYZ WaVVhdcihiZ`^c\Zc iZ kddg`dbZc Zc e^_c ^c YZ jg^cZWaVVh iZ kZgoVX]iZc o^_c/ GVY^m HXjiZaaVg^V =jVc\ F^c Zc 6a^hbV OZ M^Z # :Zc WZaVc\g^_` VXjejcXijjgejci W^_ WaVVhegdWaZbZc ^h c^Zg (# 9î a^\i VVc YZ W^ccZco^_YZ kVc YZ Zc`Za#

?4FG I4A 5?44FBAGFG8><A:8A2 Hijjg ZZc [did kVc _Z idc\ cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca Zc dcikVc\ ZZc \gVi^h

G>:H hjeeaZbZciZc VYk^Zh# =jVc\ F^c

IHHE ;BHG

44E78

(

8?8@8AG8A J4G8E

@8G44?

88E?<=> 8A CHHE 8G8A 5E8A:G BAF @88E 58JHFGM<=A 9Z WVh^h ZcZg\^Z ^c YZ 8]^cZhZ ÄadhdÄZ cdZbZc lZ ?^c\# 9î ^h kZg\Za^_`WVVg bZi lVi lZ ^c ]Zi lZhiZc 9C6 cdZbZc#9Z ?^c\ oZiZai o^X] ^c YZ c^ZgZc Zc WZ]ddgi idi ]Zi lViZg ZaZbZci# KVcjî 8]^cZZh ÄadhdÄhX] dd\ejci bV`Zc lZ dcYZghX]Z^Y ^c egZcViVaZ ?^c\ YZ ?^c\ \Z`gZ\Zc kVc dcoZ djYZg Zc YZ edhicViVaZ ?^c\# 9Vi ^h YZ ?^c\ Y^Z lZ jî dcoZ kdZY^c\ decZbZc Zc YZoZ WZk^cYi o^X] ^c YZ bâi Zc ]Zi VVgYZ ZaZbZci# :Zc \dZYZ kdZY^c\ ^h Yjh ZhhZci^ZZa kddg ZZc \dZYZ \ZodcY]Z^Y Zc \dZYZ \Zlg^X]iZc Zc he^ZgZc# Dd` \ZZ[i ZZc ]ZaYZgZ ?^c\ ZZc ]ZaYZgZ `^_` de oV`Zc# 7dkZcY^Zc ^h kdZY^c\ ZZc eg^bV^gZ Wgdc kVc aZkZc Zc ]Zi `jccZc gZVa^hZgZc kVc _Z aZkZchYdZaZc! lVci l^Z c^Zi ZZi \VVi YddY# :Zc ]ZaYZgZ \ZZhi \ZZ[i VcilddgYZc de YZ kgV\Zc l^Z WZc ^`! lVi lâ ^`! lVi `Vc ^` Zc ]dZ gZVa^hZZg ^` YVi# =Zi VVgYZ ZaZbZci lVVgidZ YZ bâi Zc YZ bVV\ WZ]dgZc ^h ^c YZ 8]^cZhZ ÄadhdÄZ c^Zi VaaZZc WZaVc\g^_` kddg YZ kZgiZg^c\ kVc _Z kdZY^c\

bVVg dd` kddg YZ \ZZhiZa^_`Z kZgiZg^c\ kVc egdXZhhZc# 9Z bVV\ hZaZXiZZgi YZ kdZY^c\ Zc \ZZ[i Vah gZVXi^Z VXXZeiVi^Z kVc kdZY^c\ d[ ]Zi deg^heZc d[ jîhej\Zc kVc kdZY^c\# >c bZciVVa deo^X]i a^\i ]Zi YVc Vah ZZc Wad` de YZ bVV\# 9Z bVV\ WZoî Yjh kVcjî YZ 8]^cZhZ ÄadhdÄZ ]Zi kZgbd\Zc idi hZaZXiZgZc! dgYZcZc Zc decVbZ# 7^_ W^_kddgWZZaY VaaZg\^hX]Z gZVXi^Zh oî Zg ZZc egdWaZZb W^_ ZZc d[ bZZgYZgZ kVc YZoZ kZgbd\Zch# =^ZgYddg ldgYi YZ bâi! YZ eVgicZg kVc YZ bVV\! ^c ]Zi VVgYZ ZaZbZci eadihZa^c\ iZkZZa WZaVhi# :Zga^_`Z! W^dad\^hX]Z! ejgZ kdZY^c\ odg\i Zg Yjh kddg YVi YZ bVV\ ZZc _j^hiZ dgYZc^c\ Zc hZaZXi^Z `Vc bV`Zc odYVi _^_ _Z kîVVa `jci kdZaZc# JîZgVVgY WZ\^ci aZ``Zg ZiZc dd` bZi ]Zi _j^hiZ \ZkdZa Zc YZ a^Z[YZ kVc YZ `d`# LZZh WZljhi lVi _Z ZZi! lZZh WZljhi kVc YZ a^Z[YZ kVc YZ `d` lVci a^Z[YZ \VVi c^Zi kddg c^Zih Yddg YZ bVV\#

KdZYhZa ^h \ZZc cZjigVaZ oVV` W^ccZc YZ kZg" hX]âaZcYZ gZa^\^Zh# 9Z kZghX]âaZcYZ gZa^\^Zh ]ZWWZc VaaZbVVa ]jc Z^\Zc `ZcbZg`Zc Zc gZ" \Zah# :Zc VVciVa kVc Y^Z gZ\Zah o^_c YZ he^_hlZi" iZc/ Yî o^_c lZiiZc Y^Z ]Zi Xdchjbei^ZeVigddc kVc YZ aZYZc kVc YZ WZigZ[[ZcYZ \dYhY^Zchi WZhX]g^_kZc# =^ZgdcYZg kVaaZc odlZa kZgWdYZc aZkZchb^YYZaZc Vah idZ\ZhiVVc kdZYhZa# OdlZa YZ bVc^Zg kVc haVX]iZc Zc egdYjXZgZc! WZgZ^" YZc! WZlVgZc d[ cjii^\Zc! ldgYZc ^c bZZg d[ b^cYZgZ bViZ Yddg ]Zi \Zadd[ WZeVVaY#

ldgYZc W^_ YZ haVX]i bVVg YVVgW^_ bdZi ldgYZc de\ZbZgì YVi YZ gZa^\^ZjoZ haVX]il^_oZ lVVgW^_ YZ cVVb kVc 6aaV] ldgYi jî\Zhegd`Zc Zg c^Zi de \Zg^X]i ^h db ]Zi Y^Zg kZZa e^_c iZ YdZc# 9Z gjhiYV\ ^h YZ kg^_YV\/ de YZoZ YV\ ldgYi c^Zi \ZhaVX]i# I^_YZch YZ GVbVYVc ldgYi kVc odchde\Vc\ idi odchdcYZg\Vc\ \ZkVhi# >c aVcYZc lVVg bZi YZ ]VcYZc ldgYi \Z\ZiZc oVa Vai^_Y YZ gZX]iZg]VcY ldgYZc \ZWgj^ì! YZ a^c`Zg]VcY ^h dcgZ^c#

9Z ^haVb kZgW^ZYi egdYjXiZc odVah kVg`ZchkaZZh! VVhZiZgh Zc VaXd]da d[ VcYZgZ kZgYdkZcYZ b^YYZaZc# KaZZh kVc VcYZgZ Y^ZgZc bV\ \ZZc WadZY WZkViiZc! YZ haVX]il^_oZ ^h Zg de \Zg^X]i ]Zi Y^Zg iZ aViZc WadZYZc# :g bV\ c^Zi kZgYdd[Y

=Zi _dYZcYdb kZgYZZai kdZYhZa ^c `ddh_Zg gZa^\^Zjh idZ\ZhiVVc Zc c^Zi `ddh_Zg# KaZZh Zc oj^kZa bdZiZc hig^`i \ZhX]Z^YZc ldgYZc#

7PFEJOH 3FMJHJF

9î \VVi od kZg YVi Zg ilZZ hZgk^ZoZc Zc ilZZ VeVgiZ eVccZchZih o^_c# Dd` YZ _ddYhZ lZi `Zci ]Zi kZgWdY de WadZY! WZeVVaYZ k^hhddgiZc odcYZg hX]jWWZc Zc kVg`ZchkaZZh! bVVg dd` de WZeVVaYZ eaVciZc# @ddh_ZgZ he^_oZc Zc YgVc`Zc bd\Zc c^Zi ^c XdciVXi `dbZc bZi c^Zi `ddh_ZgZ kdZY^c\hb^YYZaZc# 9Z gjhiYV\ ^h oViZgYV\ hVWWVi ! de YZoZ YV\ bV\ Zg hig^ì [dgbZZa \ZZc ZiZc WZgZ^Y ldgYZc bVVg lZa ldgYZc \Z\ZiZc# 9Z higZc\Z `ddh_ZgZ lZiiZc ldgYZc ^c dgi]dYdmZ `g^c\Zc lZa idZ\ZeVhi bVVg ^c YZ bZZhiZ lZhiZghZ \ZbZZchX]VeeZc ldgYi Zg lVi b^cYZg hig^ì bZZ db\Z\VVc#

7dZYY]^hiZc bd\Zc \ZZc kaZZh Zc \ZZc eaVciZc jî YZ j^Zc[Vbâ^Z ZiZc# :^lîiZc ldgYZc \ZaZkZgY Yddg iVglZ\ajiZc Zc hd_VWdcZc# 6aXd]da ^h higZc\ kZgWdYZc# >c WZeVVaYZ WdZYY]^hi^hX]Z dgYZc bV\ bZc cV ]Zi b^YYV\jjg c^Zih bZZg ZiZc#

=Zi ]^cYdZ hbZ ]ZZ[i \ZZc \ZhX]gZkZc he^_h" Zc YgVc`lZi bVVg Yddg ]Zi \Zadd[ ^c gZ cXVgcVi^Z o^_c YZ ]d\ZgZ `VhiZc W^_cV VaaZc kZ\ZiVg^ gh# GjcYkZZ ^h ]Z^a^\ Zc ldgYi Yjh c^Zi \Z\ZiZc# =Zi \ZWgj^` kVc VaXd]da Zc iZ kZZa `gj^YZc ldgYi V[\ZgVYZc# IZchadiiZ ^h gZ^c]Z^Y Zg\ WZaVc\g^_`# 7ZgZ^YZgh kVc kdZYhZa bdZiZc Vai^_Y gZ^c o^_c! ZkZcVah YZ XdchjbZciZc kVc ]Zi kdZYhZa# BdgbdcZc ldgYi VVc\ZgVYZc ]Zi a^X]VVb od \ZodcY Zc gZ^c bd\Za^_` iZ ]djYZc# 8V[Z cZ" ]djYZcYZ YgVc`Zc `d[ÄZ! i]ZZ! XdaV o^_c kZg" WdYZc! Zc iVWV` ldgYi V[\ZgVYZc# :Zc VheZXi kVc YZ aZZg ^h YVi YZ bdgbddc oZa[hiVcY^\ bdZi o^_c Zc o^X]oZa[ bdZi `jccZc kddgo^Zc# KddggVVYkdgb^c\ ^h ZZc VheZXi lVVg VVcYVX]i VVc WZhiZZY ldgYi! kVcYVVg YVi bdgbdcZc ZZc \gdiZ cddY ]ZWWZc VVc \ZYgdd\Y Zc ^c\ZWa^`i kdZYhZa#

8]g^hiZcZc `ZccZc c^Zi kZZa he^_hkddghX]g^[iZc# 8VgcVkVa! YZ kVhiZceZg^dYZ Zc EVhZc o^_c ZX]iZg lZa dkZgWa^_[hZaZc j^i ZZc i^_Y lVVg^c he^_hkddghX]g^[iZc \ZaY^\ lVgZc# CV 6hldZchYV\ lZgY bZc \ZVX]i bVi^\ Zc hdWZg iZ ZiZc! db kZgkda\Zch bZi EVhZc lZZg kdade iZ \Zc^ZiZc# @Vi]da^Z`Zc ]VciZZgYZc YZ kg^_YV\ Vah k^hYV\# BVVg iZ\ZclddgY^\ ldgYi j^i \ZodcY]Z^Yh" dkZglZ\^c\Zc \ZVYk^hZZgY db 'm eZg lZZ` k^h iZ ZiZc Zc »kg^_YV\ k^hYV\¼ `dbi ^c CZYZgaVcY Zc 7Za\^ cd\ bVVg hedgVY^hX] kddg#

GOJI bes 9: <D?> 7:H AN8>JB ;GJ>I >H ::C 7:A6C<G>?@ >C<G:9>ÎCI 7>CC:C G>:H 8DHB:I>8H# <D?> 7:H >H K:GL:G@I >C ODL:A KD:9>C<HHJEEA:B:CI:C! 8GÏB:H 6AH H:GJBH#

Goji WZkVi `gVX]i^\Z Vci^dm^YVciZc Zc edanhVX]Vg^YZc Y^Z ]ZaeZc iZ\Zc kZgdjYZg^c\hkZghX]^_chZaZc# »BV`Zh ndj add` VcY [ZZa ndjc\Zg¼#

Goji kZg]dd\i _Z lZZghiVcY Zc dcYZghiZjci ]Zi ^bbjjchnhiZZb# Goji ]ZZ[i ZZc edhî^ZkZ ^ckadZY de YZ WadZYYgj` Zc kZghiZgì ]Zi ]Vgi# Goji kZghiZgì ]Zi \Z]Zj\Zc Zc kZgb^cYZgi àVX]iZc i#V#k 6ao]Z^bZg# Goji WgZc\i YZ WadZYhj^`Zg ^c WVaVch Zc gZYjXZZgi X]daZhiZgda# Goji ]Zaei iZ\Zc YjôZa^\]Z^Y Zc ]dd[Ye^_c# Goji kZgWZiZgi YZ `lVaîZî kVc YZ haVVe# KZZa bZchZc haVeZc WZiZg! Y^ZeZg Zc ldgYZc bZZg jî\Zgjhi lV``Zg#

Goji kZgWZiZgi YZ ZZiajhi Zc WZkdgYZgi YZ he^_hkZgiZg^c\# Goji ^h \dZY kddg YZ d\Zc Zc `Vc ]Zi \Zo^X]ihkZgbd\Zc kZgWZiZgZc# Goji lZgY \Z\ZiZc Yddg A^ 8]^c\ NjZc! ZZc bni]^hX]Z Ä\jjg kVc l^Z ldgYi WZlZZgY YVi ]^_ bZZg YVc '%% _VVg djY odj o^_c \ZldgYZc YVc`o^_ YZ ^coZi kVc 8]^cZhZ `gj^YZc Zc kgjX]iZc#

Goji WZkdgYZgi YZ lZg`^c\ kVc YZ aZkZg Zc c^ZgZc# Goji `Vc ]ZaeZc W^_ hnbeidbZc kVc YZ bZcd"eVjoZ# Goji i]ZZ ]Zaei iZ\Zc dX]iZcYb^hhZa^_`]Z^Y \ZYjgZcYZ YZ olVc\ZghX]Ve# Goji `Vc YZ kgjX]iWVVg]Z^Y kZgWZiZgZc# Goji `Vc ]ZaeZc W^_ ]Zi kZghiZg`Zc kVc WdiiZc Zc he^ZgZc# Goji `Vc heVcc^c\ Zc higZhh kZgb^cYZgZc Zc Wa^_YhX]Ve WZkdgYZgZc# OZ ldgYZc c^Zi kddg c^Zih »=Veen 7Zggn¼ d[ »Hb^aZn 7Zgg^Zh¼ \ZcdZbY#

Goji `Vc ]ZaeZc Vci^"dcihiZ`^c\hZconbZc iZ V`i^kZgZc# Goji WZhhZc ldgYZc ^c 8]^cV Yddg kZZa bZchZc YV\Za^_`h \Z\ZiZc# 9Z ]dZkZZa]ZYZc a^\\Zc ijhhZc YZ * Zc (% \gVb eZg YV\#

Goji ldgYi \ZbV``Za^_` kZgiZZgY Vah \ZYgdd\YZ WZh# <ZlZaY ^c lViZg `jccZc oZ ldgYZc idZ\ZkdZ\Y VVc hbddi]^Zh! \ZWgj^`i Vah YdghiaZhhZcYZ YgVc`! ^c hdZeZc! hVaVYZh Zc dciW^_iegdYjXiZc# 7dkZcY^Zc ^h <d_^ Zg\ aZ``Zg

Goji WZhhZc WZkViiZc dc\ZkZZg &' egdiZ cZc Zc ('* XVadg^Z c eZg &%% \gVb# '+

]

[

86C9>96 Bâ_dZcZc bZchZc dkZg YZ ]ZaZ lZgZaY ]ZWWZc kVcYVV\ YZ YV\ aVhi kVc hX]^bbZa^c[ZXi^Zh# 9Z gZYZc YVi Yî hddgi ^c[ZXi^Zh kZZa bZZg kddg" `dbi YVc kgdZ\Zg ]ZWWZc lZ iZ YVc`Zc VVc dcoZ bdYZgcZ aZkZchhi^_a Zc ZZc kZZa ]d\ZgZ aZkZchkZglVX]i^c\# :Zc kVc YZ bZZhi kddg`dbZcYZ hX]^bbZa^c" [ZXi^Zh ^h 8VcY^YV# 9ZoZ ldgYi kZgddgoVVì Yddg YZ \^hi 8VcY^YV 6aW^XVch! Y^Z kVc cVijgZ ^c dch a^X]VVb VVclZo^\ ^h bVVg ZZc lâY\gdZ^ VVc hX]^bbZah `Vc kZgddgoV`Zc Vah ]Zi YZ `Vch `g^_\i# L^Z 8VcY^YV ]ZZ[i `Vc iZ bV`Zc `g^_\Zc bZi VaaZgaZ^ \ZodcY]Z^YhegdWaZbZc Y^Z _Z YV\ de o^_c oVX]ihi \ZoZ\Y Å^c` `jccZc WZYZgkZc# :Zc kVc YZ W^_lZg`^c\Zc kVc 8VcY^YV ^h dkZg" \Zl^X]i#

KZZa VgihZc ]Zg`ZccZc YZ hnbeidbZc kVc 8VcY^YV c^Zi! lVVgYddg _Z Zg _VgZcaVc\ bZZ gdcY `jci adeZc# :X]iZg! ]Zi WZeVaZc d[ _Z aVhi ]ZWi kVc 8VcY^YV ^h ZZc WZaVc\g^_`Z hiVe ^c ]Zi XgZ gZc kVc ZZc \ZodcYZ YVgbWVaVch! lVci Y^i kdgbi YZ WVh^h kddg ]Zi ^c WVaVch WgZc\Zc kVc _Z ]dgbddche^Z\Za lVVgcV _Z ^c hiVVi ojai o^_c db VjidbVi^hX] dkZgidaa^\ kZi iZ kZga^ZoZc#

K5H =G 75B8=85 9B K5H ;969IFH 9F =B >9 @=7<55A 5@G >9 <9H <96H3

Dch he^_hkZgiZg^c\hhiZahZa Zc dcoZ jg^cZlZ\Zc Zc kddgieaVci^c\hdg\VcZc WZkViiZc ZZc VVciVa kZghX]âaZcYZ hddgiZc \^hiZc Y^Z ^c ]Vgbdc^Z aZkZc bZi dcoZ »\dZYZ¼ WVXiZg^ c# 6ah YZ ÅdgV ^c YZoZ dg\VcZc Yddg W^_kddgWZZaY ZZc kZgolVì ^bbjjchnhiZZb! \ZWgj^` kVc Vci^W^di^XV d[ ZZc dc\ZodcY kdZY^c\heVigddc ^c Y^hWVaVch gVVì Zc YZ »\dZYZ¼ WVXiZg^ c ^c YZ b^cYZg]Z^Y `dbZc iZc deo^X]iZ kVc YZ »haZX]iZ WVXiZg^ c¼! YVc `Vc YZ \^hi 8VcY^YV 6aW^XVch YZ `Vch `g^_\Zc YgVYZc iZ kdgbZc Zc jî iZ \gdZ^Zc idi hX]^bbZah 7gVjclVaY! '%%& # 9Z bZZhi kddg`dbZcYZ eaZ``Zc de Zc ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb lVVg ZZc 8VcY^YV ^c[ZXi^Z `Vc dcihiVVc o^_c/ >c YZ kddgieaVci^c\hdg\VcZc# KgdjlZc ]ZWWZc kV`Zg YVc bVccZc iZ bV`Zc bZi 8VcY^YV! lVci kV\^cVaZ ^c[ZXi^Zh kZgddg" oVVì Yddg 8VcY^YV 6aW^XVch `dbZc kZgjî ]Zi bZZhiZ kddg#

De YZ ]j^Y# :Zc 8VcY^YV"^c[ZXi^Z de YZ ]j^Y k^cYi bZZhiVa eaVVih ijhhZc YZ k^c\Zgh

Zc iZcZc! gdcY d[ dcYZg YZ k^c\ZgcV\Zah! VVc YZ W^ccZc`Vci kVc YZ Y^_Zc! gdcY YZ Vcjh dbYVi 8VcY^YV 6aW^XVch kVV` ^c YZ dciaVhi^c\ kddg`dbi Zc de YZ eZc^h# GdcY d[ ^c YZ bdcY Zc `ZZa# DgVaZ 8VcY^YV! dd` kVV` hegjl \ZcdZbY! ^h iZ ]Zg`ZccZc VVc lî\ZaZ eaZ`_Zh de YZ aêeZc! idc\! VVc YZ W^ccZc`Vci kVc YZ lVc\Zc d[ de ]Zi \Z]ZbZaiZ# >c YZ YVgbZc# 6ah Zg ZZc Y^hWVaVch dcihiVVi ^c YZ YVgbÅdgV `jccZc Zg VaaZgaZ^ gdi" i^c\h" Zc \^hi^c\hegdXZhhZc eaVVihk^cYZc ^c YZ YVgbZc# 6ah \Zkda\ ]^ZgkVc `Vc 8VcY^YV o^X] cZhiZaZc ^c YZ YVgblVcY Zc b^XgdhXdeh^X] àZ^cZ \VVi_Zh \gVkZc Zc AZ``ZcYZ 9Vgb HncYgddb kZgddgoV`Zc# Dd` bZchZc Y^Z 8daî^h dcihiZ`^c\ kVc YZ Y^``Z YVgb ]ZWWZc d[ W^_ l^Z Eg^``Za" WVgZ 9Vgb HncYgddb E9H ^h \ZXdchiV" iZZgY `jccZc aVhi ]ZWWZc kVc 8VcY^YV ^c YZ YVgbZc#

>c ]Zi a^X]VVb# 8VcY^Y^Vh^h ^h ZZc hnhiZ" b^hX]Z 8VcY^YV"^c[ZXi^Z! d[lZa ZZc ^c[ZXi^Z kZgddgoVV`i Yddg 8VcY^YV ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb! Zc ^h ZZc Zgchi^\Z VVcYdZc^c\ Y^Z bZiZZc bdZi ldgYZc WZ]VcYZaY# <Zaj``^\ `dbi 8VcY^Y^Vh^h c^Zi kVV` kddg# L

89 CCFN5?9B J5B 75B8=85 :Zc lâY\gdZ^ kVc 8VcY^YV hX]^bbZah dcihiVVi Vah YZ kZg]djY^c\ ijhhZc YZ »\dZYZ¼ Zc »haZX]iZ¼ WVXiZg^ c ^c _Z a^X]VVb jî WVaVch ^h# 9î `Vc kZghX]âaZcYZ ddgoV`Zc ]ZWWZc/ L

IZ kZZa hj^`Zgh \ajXdhZ Zc `dda]nYgViZc ^c _Z kdZY^c\heVigddc! lVci \^hi ]ZZ[i hj^`Zgh cdY^\ db o^X] iZ `jccZc kZgbZc^\" kjaY^\Zc BX<^cc^h Zi Va &..+! 7jYY^c\idc Zi Va &..+0 =dlVgY Zi Va &..* # =Zi \ZWgj^` kVc bZY^X^_cZc! odVah Vci^W^d" i^XV! lVVgbZZ _Z c^Zi VaaZZc YZ »haZX]iZ¼ WVXiZg^ c bVVg dd` YZ »\dZYZ¼ WVXiZg^ c YddYi! Zc Vci^XdcXZei^ZeâaZc Zc Xdgi^XdhiZ" gd YZc! Y^Z Zg WZ^YZc db WZ`ZcY hiVVc YVi oZ hX]^bbZa\gdZ^ WZkdgYZgZc# :Zc kZgolVì ^bbjjchnhiZZb Zc$d[ ZZc Y^hWVaVch ^c YZ ojjgiZ\gVVY e="lVVgYZ kVc ]Zi a^X]VVb! kZgddgoVVì Yddg X]gdc^" hX]Z higZhh! o^ZìZh! WaddihiZaa^c\ VVc

\^[i^\Z hid[[Zc Wk# olVgZ bZiVaZc Zc kZgYZa\^c\hb^YYZaZc # :Zc kZgVcYZg^c\ d[ Y^hWVaVch ^c YZ ]dgbd" cZc Y^Z ZZc kZgVcYZg^c\ ^c YZ ojjgiZ\gVVY e="lVVgYZ idi \Zkda\ ]ZWWZc! W^_kddg" WZZaY W^_ olVc\ZghX]Ve! ^c YZ aZkZch[VhZ kddgV[\VVcY VVc YZ bZcdeVjoZ! kaV` kddg Zc cV YZ bZchigjVi^Z Zc W^_ ]Zi \ZWgj^` kVc Vci^XdcXZei^Ze^aaZc :YlVgYh! '%%) #

=Zi WZ]VcYZaZc kVc ZZc 8VcY^YV ^c[ZXi^Z ]ZZ[i VaaZZc hjXXZh Vah _Z YZoZ W^_ YZ Wgdc VVceVì! ]Zi ^h Yjh Vai^_Y WZaVc\g^_` db kVhi iZ hiZaaZc d[ ZZc kVc WdkZchiVVcYZ ddgoV`Zc ZZc gda heZaZc# 89 GMADHCA9B :g o^_c ]ZZa kZZa kZghX]âaZcYZ Zc jîZZcadeZcYZ hnbeidbZc Y^Z ZZc iZ`Zc `jccZc o^_c YVi _Z aVhi ]ZWi kVc 8VcY^YV# 9Z bZZhi kddg`dbZc" YZ hnbeidbZc Y^Z Zgde `jccZc Yj^YZc YVi _Z 8VcY^YV ]ZWi o^_c dcYZg VcYZgZ/ L

L L

HnbeidbZc Y^Z `jccZc Yj^YZc de ZZc kV\^cVaZ hX]^bbZa^c[ZXi^Z! odVah ZZc Y^``Z! lîiZ V[hX]Z^Y^c\! _Zj`! ^ggîVi^Z Zc ZZc WgVcYZcY \ZkdZa lZa`Z \ZeVVgY `Vc \VVc bZi e^_ca^_`Z hZ`h! e^_c W^_ ]Zi eaVhhZc Zc ZZc gdYZ ]j^Y gdcY YZ hX]ZYZ Zc YZ W^ccZc`Vci kVc YZ Y^_Zc# Hegjl/ lî\ZaZ eaZ`_Zh ^c Zc gdcY YZ bdcY! lZa`Z o^X] `jccZc kZghegZ^YZc cVVg YZ had`YVgb! lVVgYddg ha^``Zc bdZâ^_` Zc e^_ca^_` `Vc o^_c# :Zc dcWZYl^c\WVgZ igZ` ^c hj^`Zgh# KdZYhZaVaaZg\^Z c#

7gVcYZcY bVV\ojjg! deg^he^c\Zc! Wj^`e^_c! ÅVijaZci^Z Zc$d[ ZZc de\ZWaVoZc \ZkdZa#

<C9 K99H >9 C: >9 @5GH <96H J5B 75B8=853 KVV` `Vc ZZc 8VcY^YV ^c[ZXi^Z VVc YZ hnbeidbZc ldgYZc ]Zg`ZcY# :X]iZg! db YZ Y^V\cdhZ iZ WZkZhi^\Zc ^h ]Zi cddYoV`Za^_` YZ VVclZo^\]Z^Y kVc YZ hX]^bbZa kVhi iZ hiZaaZc# 9^i ldgYi W^_kddgWZZaY \ZYVVc Yddg ZZc `aZ^c WZZi_Z hX]^bbZa kVc ZZc \Z c[ZXiZZgYZ eaZ` ]j^Y! cV\Zah! lVc\ha^_b! kV\^cVVa ha^_b iZ hX]gVeZc Zc dcYZg ZZc b^XgdhXdde iZ aZ\\Zc :YlVgYh! '%%) #

5@G >9 75B8=85 <96H LVccZZg _Z YdìZg ZZc 8VcY^YV ^c[ZXi^Z kVhihiZai YVc hX]g^_[i ]^_ d[ o^_ bZZhiVa hX]^bbZaYdYZcYZ bZY^XVi^Z kddg! odVah W^_kddgWZZaY Vci^"hX]^b" bZaXg bZh! hX]^bbZalZgZcYZ h]Vbeddh Zc d[ hX]^bbZaYdYZcY bdcYlViZg# 6ah YZ hnbeidbZc kZgkda\Zch kZgYl^_cZc YZc`Zc kZZa bZchZc YVi oZ \ZcZoZc o^_c kVc 8VcY^YV# BVVg bZi YZoZ hnbeiddbWZhig^_Y^c\ ldgYi YZ dcYZga^\\ZcYZ ddgoVV` c^Zi VVc\ZeVì! kVV` `ZgZc YZ hnbeidbZc lZZg hcZa iZgj\ odYgV bZi YZ bZY^XVi^Z ldgYi \Zhidei# <Zaj``^\ `dbZc hiZZYh bZZg VgihZc idi Yî ^co^X]i Zc dcYZg`ZccZc YVi 8VcY^YV c^Zi ]Zi \Zkda\ ^h kVc ZZc eaVVihZa^_`Z lâY\gdZ^ kVc hX]^bbZah bVVg YVi YZ ddgoVV` kVc 8VcY^YV ]ZZa \ZXdbea^XZZgY `Vc o^_c# :Zc WZ]VcYZa^c\ kVc 8VcY^YV `Vc Wa^_kZcY gZhjaiVVi ]ZWWZc Vah _Z YZ ddgoVV` kVc YZ hX]^bbZa^c[ZXi^Z lZZi lZ\ iZ cZbZc# 69<5B89@=B; JC@;9BG F=9G 7CGA9H=7G =Zi ZZghiZ YdZa kVc YZ WZ]VcYZa^c\ kVc Yî WZZaY kVc kZg]dd\YZ YVgbYddgaVViWVVg]Z^Y Y^Zci Zg de \Zg^X]i iZ o^_c db YZ k^X^ZjoZ X^g`Za kVc ha^_bka^ZhgZVXi^Z Zc dcihiZ`^c\ iZ YddgWgZ`Zc# OdVah ]Zi àVhh^Z`Z Y^ZZi VVc\ZZ[i ^h ]Zi cjii^\ db odcdY^\ WZ`ZcYZ VaaZg\ZcZc Vah iVglZ! oj^kZa! cdiZc Zc XîgjhkgjX]iZc iZ kZgb^_YZc# :Zc VVciVa hjeeaZbZciZc ldgYi ^c XdbW^cVi^Z ^c\ZoZi db YZ k^X^ZjoZ X^g`Za kVc dcihiZ`^c\ Zc ha^_bka^ZhWZhX]VY^\^c\ iZ YddgWgZ`Zc# 9Zc` ]^ZgW^_ VVc dcoZ hbddi]h`^c [dgbjaZh#

HVbZc bZi ZZc egdW^di^XV \ZZc nV`jai Zc VXi^k^V `jccZc YZoZ de kZghX]âaZcYZ l^_oZc W^_YgV\Zc VVc ]Zi kddg`dbZc Zc WZhig^_YZc kVc ZZc dkZgbVi^\Z \gdZ^ kVc 8VcY^YV"hddgiZc# 8=99H =Zi »àVhh^Z`Z¼ 8VcY^YV"Y^ZZi! odVah ]Zi kZgb^_YZc kVc hj^`Zgh! ]Zi kZg]d\Zc kVc YZ kZoZaXdchjbei^Z! ]Zi kZgb^_YZc kVc \^hiZc! hX]^bbZah Zc \Z[ZgbZciZZgYZ egdYjXiZc Zc ]Zi kZgb^_YZc kVc VaaZg\ZcZc ^c YZ kdZY^c\ ]ZZ[i c^Zi kddg c^Zih \dZYZ gZhjaiViZc# 9Z idZcVbZ kVc kZoZahid[[Zc kdZY^c\ kddg YZ YVgbÅdgV! kZgWZiZgZc hidZa\Vc\ Zc ]Zi kZgb^_YZc kVc VaaZg\ZcZc o^_c ^c YZoZ hîjVi^Z dcYZg VaaZ dbhiVcY^\]ZYZc WZaVc\g^_`# <Zo^Zc YZ `gj^hgZVXi^kîZî ijhhZc \^hi Zc 8VcY^YV a^_ì ]Zi lZchZa^_` db dd` ojjgYZhZbWgddY kdaaZY^\ iZ kZgb^_YZc! Zc c^Zi WZeZgì idZ iZ hiVVc# =Zi idiVVa kZgb^_YZc kVc hj^`Zgh ^h kVV` c^Zi cdY^\ Zc YVi bVVì ]Zi Y^ZZi kddg kZaZc ZZc hij` ZZckdjY^\Zg# BVVigZ\ZaZc Y^Z \ZcdbZc ldgYZc ^c YZ kdgb kVc kdZY^c\ Zc kdZY^c\hhjeeaZbZciZc oVa bZZhiVa kdaYdZcYZ o^_c kddg ZZc hiZg`Z kZgWZiZg^c\ kVc YZ \ZodcY]Z^Y Zc YZ \ZcZo^c\ kVc YZ àVX]iZc# De WVh^h kVc ZZc idc\ VcVanhZ `Vc ZZc ^cY^k^YjZZa VYk^Zh ldgYZc \Z\ZkZc#

KDDG @>C9:G:C B:I @G>:7:A=D:HI :C$D; @::AE>?C @::A@A68=I:C

M8?9:8@44>G8 >88?C4FG<??8F <ZodcY Zc aZ``Zg 6o^_c kZgYg^_[i ]Zi k^gjh Zc kZgb^cYZgi YZ `Vch de WVXiZg^ c ^c YZ `ZZa# 9Z higdde Zc YZ ]dc^c\ kZgoVX]iZc YZ `ZZa# 7dkZcY^Zc hbVV`i ]Zi ]ZZga^_` [g^h Zc odZi# >c\gZY^ ciZc/ & ZZiaZeZa VeeZaVo^_c ' ZZiaZeZah VeeZahigdde ( ZZiaZeZah ]dc^c\ 7ZgZ^YZc/ KdZ\ YZ VeeZaVo^_c! YZ VeeZahigdde Zc YZ ]dc^c\ ^c ZZc WV`_Z kddg ^_h`adci_Zh Zc aVVi YZoZ WZkg^ZoZc ^c YZ kg^ZoZg#

'FFTUNFOV ,FSSJF LBMLPFO NFU FFO EBLKF

*OHSFEJ OUFO #FSFJEFO/ =dd[Y\ZgZX]i kddg ) eZghdcZc# 7ZgZ^Y^c\hi^_Y/ (% b^cjiZc# ) `Va`dZcW^Z[hij``Zc `Zgg^Z ' ZZiaZeZah WdiZg d[ bVg\Vg^cZ & VeeZa ?dcV\daY * WdaaZi_Zh hiZb\ZbWZg edi_Z & WZ`Zgi_Z haV\gddb &'* ba &$' oV`_Z kZghZ W^Zhadd` | '% \g

@Va`dZcW^Z[hij``Zc WZhigdd^Zc bZi `Zgg^Z Zc ^c ZZc `dZ`ZceVc WdiZg kZg]îiZc# KaZZh ^c XV# &% b^c# Wgj^c Zc \VVg WV``Zc# 6eeZa hX]âaZc Zc bZi VeeZaWddg àd`]j^h kZgl^_YZgZc# 6eeZa ^c ) Y^``Z eaV``Zc hc^_YZc# KaZZh jî YZ eVc cZbZc Zc ijhhZc ilZZ lVgbZ WdgYZc d[ ^c Vajb^c^jb[da^Z ^c kddgkZglVgbYZ dkZc lVgb ]djYZc# >c VX]iZg\ZWaZkZc WV`kZi VeeZahX]^_kZc XV# ' b^c# VVc Za`Z `Vci \djYWgj^c WV``Zc# >cijhhZc ( \ZbWZgWdaaZi_Zh Ä _c hc^_YZc! ' WdaaZi_Zh ]VakZgZc# 6eeZa de `Va`dZcW^Z[hij``Zc aZ\\Zc! ]Va[ WdaaZi_Z \ZbWZg ^c VeeZahX]^_[ Ygj``Zc# <Z]ZZa \dZY lVgb ]djYZc# ;^_c\ZhcZYZc \ZbWZg Yddg WV`kZi gdZgZc! gddb ZgW^_ hX]Zc`Zc Zc hVjh \dZY kZglVgbZc# :kZcijZZa cd\ lVi \ZbWZgkdX]i idZkdZ\Zc# @Va`dZcW^Z[hij`_Zh dkZg k^Zg WdgYZc kZgYZaZc# 7ZZi_Z hVjh dkZg »VeeZaYV`_Zh¼ YgjeeZaZc! gZhi kVc hVjh gdcY kaZZh hX]Zc`Zc# <VgcZgZc bZi heg^Zi_Zh W^Zhadd`# AZ``Zg bZi \Zed[iZ VVgYVeeZah#

&FU TNBLFMJKL

8BSNF (SPH

(SPPUNPFEFST SFDFQU

LZgì iZ\Zc kZg`djY]Z^Y bZi a^X]iZ `ddgih Zc `Vc ]Zi WZhiZ \ZYgdc`Zc ldgYZc kddg ]Zi haVeZc \VVc# 9Z XîgdZc ]ZZ[i Vah lZg`^c\ YZ he^ZgZc Zc eZoZc VVc iZ heVccZc bZi Vah \Zkda\ ZZc kZghcZaYZ WadZYX^gXjaVi^Z# 9Z Wgj^cZ hj^`Zg kZghiZgì ]Zi ^bbjjchnhiZZb# 9Z Xd\cVX ]ZZ[i ZZc dciheVccZcYZ Zc kZglVgbZcYZ Z^\ZchX]Ve bZi Vah \Zkda\ igVche^gVi^Z lVVgYddg YZ `djYZ jî ]Zi a^X]VVb kZgYl^_ci# & \gdiZ bd`

%!( Xa 8d\cVX & ZZiaZeZa Wgj^cZ hj^`Zg

=VakZ j^i\ZeZghiZ X^igdZc

45 JBA8A <@CBEG88EG @8H58?8A >HAFG 8A 4AG<8> H<G 4M<Ë! J<= <@CBEG8E8A M8?9 B@74G 7<G 88A 8<:8A FG<=? 8A F@44> 6E8Ë8EG 8A J8 BC 78M8 @4A<8E M<6;G ;8558A BC 78 ;8E>B@FG I4A FCH??8A! J<= >8AA8A 4?F :88A 4A78E ;8G I8E;44? 46;G8E 88A @8H58?FGH> 8A 78?8A 7<G :E44: @8G H!

&YDMVTJWJUFJU JO IBSUKF "SOIFN 8gZ Zg Yddg Vci^Z` bZi bdYZgc iZ XdbW^cZgZc ZZc lVgbZ! \ZoZaa^\Z Zc ^che^gZgZcYZ db\Zk^c\ ^c jl ]j^h! WZYg^_[ d[ egV`i^_`# 7Zo^X]i^\ dcoZ jc^Z`Z Zc Vci^Z`Z XdaaZXi^Z `VhiZc! bZjWZah! ?VeVchZ lddYeg^cih! 7dZYY]V¼h ZiX# BVVg aVVi j dd` kZggVhhZc ! ^c[dgbZgZc Zc VYk^hZgZc dkZg YZ XdbW^cVi^Z bZi dcoZ ]ZYZcYVV\hZ lddchi^_a# 9^i VaaZh iZ\Zc ZZc oZZg XdcXjggZgZcYZ eg^_h

DE:C>C<HI>?9:C/ OViZgYV\ kVc &)#%%"&,#%% jjg Zc de V[hegVV`# L^_ o^_c \ZdeZcY de V[hegVV` odYVi j YZ \ZaZ\Zc]Z^Y `g^_\i db ^c ZZc egZii^\Z h[ZZg gjhi^\ iZ `jccZc `^_`Zc Zc j `jci aViZc VYk^hZgZc# Dd` kddg àZ^cZgZ VVc`deZc ^h ZZc V[hegVV` bd\Za^_`# @dgiZhigVVi ''! 6gc]Zb IZaZ[ddc/ %+" )-&,'+*) :bVâ/ ldcZc5Vai^_YWVaVch#ca LZWhîZ/ lll#VW"ldcZc#Xdb De YZ ]dd\iZ Wa^_kZc kVc c^ZjlZ ^bedgi Zc eZg bVâ ]Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ dcikVc\Zc4 Hijjg ZZc bVâ cVVg ldcZc5Vai^_YWVaVch#ca

S F F EF TG U T P WBO 0 U T F 8

@8E<7<44A>B:8?F B:G>9>66C@D<:AH O>?C J>I 8=>C6 6;@DBHI><: »B6HH6<:¼ 76AA:C I:G <GDDII: K6C ::C <DA;" 76A# =:I L6H @:>O:G ?>6 ?>C< 9>: >C 9: &+: ::JL 9: L:G@>C< K6C B:G>9>66C@D<:AH <GDC9>< A>:I DC9:GOD:@:C# 9ddg YZ ]Vgbdc^hX]Z hVbZclZg`^c\ kVc YZ ilZZ `d\Zah Yddg YZoZ gdcY iZ YgVV^Zc ^c YZ ]VcYeVab dcihiVVi Zg ZZc eZg[ZXi \Zaj^Y# 9ZoZ iZX]c^Z`! Y^Z Zg j^i o^Zi Vah ZZc \ZYVX]iZaddh heZaaZi_Z ]ZZ[i ^c lZg`Za^_`]Z^Y ZZc ]ZaZcYZ lZg`^c\#

>c YZ ]VcYZc WZk^cYZc o^X] gVVèjciZc d[ ZcZg\^ZXZcigV# 9ddg YZ bZg^Y^VVc`d\Zah gdcY iZ YgVV^Zc ^c YZ ]VcYZc ldgYZc YZ gVVèjciZc \Zhi^bjaZZgY Zc YZ ZcZg\^Z Y^Z kg^_`dbi ldgYi k^V YZ bZg^Y^VcZc cVVg YZ kZghX]âaZcYZ a^X]VVbhodcZh kZgkdZgY# 9ddg bZi YZ bZg^Y^VVc`d\Zah iZ dZ[ZcZc `Vc bZc kda\Zch 8]^cZhZ igVYî^Z Zc ^co^X]i! [nh^Z`Z `gVX]i deYdZc Zc o^ZìZc kddg`dbZc d[ WZhig^_YZc# Dd` kddg`dbi ]Zi kZghi^_k^c\ kVc YZ ]VcYZc Zc k^c\Zgh Zc ]Zaei ]Zi àVX]iZc Vah GH> Zc VVckZglVciZ àVX]iZc Vah iZcc^h"ZaaZWdd\ Zc hbh"Yj^b kddg`dbZc# 9ddg ]Zi kddgiYjgZcYZ bVhhZgZc kVc YZ k^c\Zgh Zc YZ ]VcYeVabZc bZi YZ WVaaZc! `jccZc YZ VXjejcXijjgejciZc de YZ ]VcY ldgYZc \Zhi^bjaZZgY! gZhjaiZgZcY ^c ZZc kZgWZiZg^c\ kVc YZ WadZYhdbadde Zc ]Zi adh`dbZc kVc YZ he^ZgZc# KddglVVgYZ ]^Zgkddg ^h lZa YVi Za`Z YV\ ldgYi \ZdZ[ZcY# CV ZZc i^_Y_Z `jc _Z bZg`Zc YVi _Z ]VcYZc Zc k^c\Zgh hdZeZaZg ldgYZc#

F^ ^h YZ cVVb kddg aZkZchZcZg\^Z Y^Z Yddg dch a^X]VVb higddbi# 9Z `VcVaZc lVVgYddg YZoZ ZcZg\^Z higddbi ]ZiZc bZg^Y^VcZc! YZoZ o^_c kZgWdcYZc bZi YZ WZaVc\g^_`hiZ dg\VcZc ^c ]Zi a^X]VVb# AVc\h YZ bZg^Y^VcZc o^_c YZ Y^kZghZ VXjejcXijjgejciZc kZgYZZaY#

:hi]Zg ?VchZc )* _WVMV OMMN\ ] LM SIV[ WU MMV [M\RM UMZQLQIIVSWOMT[ \M _QVVMV BQM PQMZ^WWZ LM IL^MZ\MV\QM IKP\MZ QV LQ\ :1-; 5IOIbQVM

Wat eten de

Maya Het gewone volk

=Zi WVh^hkdZYhZa kVc YZ àZ^cZ bVc WZhiVVi kddgVa jî bV h! edbedZc Zc WdcZc# 6cYZgZ kgjX]iZc Y^Z ZkZcZZch de ]Zi bZcj hiVVc! o^_c X]âêZeZgh! VkdXVYd¼h! bVc^d` Zc idbViZc# 7dkZcY^Zc WgdjlZc oZ VaXd]da^hX]Z YgVc` jî ]Zi \Z\^hiZ hVe kVc V\VkZ! YZ X]^¼ d[ X]^] \ZcdZbY#

Db YZ odkZZa i^_Y ZiZc YZ BVnV¼h! cVVhi ]Zi eaVciVVgY^\Z kdZYhZa! kaZZh# =ZgiZc Zc kd\Zah o^_c edejaV^g W^_ YZ _VX]i Zc ^c WZeVVaYZ gZ\^d¼h ZZi bZc kZghZ k^h ]Vc\i V[ kVc YZ cVW^_]Z^Y kVc lViZg # <ZW^ZYZc lVVg lZ^c^\ lViZgeaZ``Zc VVclZo^\ o^_c! ^bedgiZgZc \ZeZ`ZaYZ k^h j^i \ZW^ZYZc cVW^_ lViZg# C^Zi ^ZYZgZZc bV\ odbVVg de Y^ZgZc _V\Zc# =Zi YdYZc kVc Y^ZgZc ^h ^bbZgh higV[WVVg# ?V\Zgh WZ]dgZc bZZhiVa idi YZ ZYZaa^ZYZc#

((

7^_ YZ ]jiiZc ]djYZc oZ ZZcYZc Zc ]dcYZc! Y^Z ZkZcZZch Vah kdZYhZa Y^ZcZc# 7dkZcY^Zc kZgoVbZaZc oZ ]dc^c\ kVc YZ W^_Zc! Y^Z oZ ZkZcZZch oZa[ ]djYZc# ;gj^i YVi ^c YZ WdhhZc \ZkdcYZc ldgYi! odVah eVeV_V¼h! bVc\d¼h Zc WZhhZc hiVVc dd` de ]Zi bZcj#

De elite

9Z ZYZaZc \ZcdiZc WdkZc ]Zi \ZldcZ kdZYhZa kVc XVXVd# 9î ldgYi \ZWgj^ì Vah WZiVVab^YYZa! bVVg ldgYi ZkZcZZch \ZYgdc`Zc Yddg YZ g^_`Zc# Odji jî NjiVX|c ldgYi kZZa \ZWgj^ì ^c YZ g^_`Z `Zj`Zc# 7dkZcY^Zc ZiZc o^_ kZZa bZZg kaZZh Zc k^h! ^Zih lVi YZ \ZldcZ bVc o^X] c^Zi `Vc eZgbîiZgZc#

Verlaten maya-stad

markt met groenten

L66G7>? N>C DC9:G 6C9:G: HI66I KDDG 9: B66C! 9: 66G9:! =:I KGDJL:A>?@:# N6C< HI66I KDDG 9: ODC! 9: =:B:A! =:I B6CC:A>?@:# L6I =:I >CI:G:HH6CI B66@I >H ?J>HI 9: 9J6A>I:>I IJHH:C 9:O: 6HE:8I:C# >@ =:7 ::CH C6<:968=I DK:G I:GB:C 9>: 9:O: 9J6A>I:>I K:GI:<:CLDDG9><:C# H8=:EE>C< =:I <D99:A>?@: DCIHI66C =:I JC>K:GH:A: 8DC8:EI>: A:K:C ::C=:>9 8DCI>CJÒI:>I

9J6A>I:>I 8DCIG6HI H6B:CL:G@:C K:G7DC9:C=:>9 =6GBDC>: A>:;9: DC:>C9>< 76A6CH

DC9:GH8=:>9:C9 8DBBJC>86I>: DCDE=DJ9:A>?@ =:I JAI>:B: E6HH>: 8G:6I>K>I:>I GJHI

Yin en Yang

AVd"IhZ! dd` lZa AVdo^ d[ AVd IhZ \ZcVVbY! lVh ZZc 8]^cZhZ Äadhdd[! Y^Z bZZhiVa ^c YZ +Z ZZjl kddg 8]g^hijh! i^_YZch YZ EZg^dYZ kVc AZciZ Zc =Zg[hi ldgYi \ZeaVVihi +%) kddg 8]g^hijh " *%, kddg 8]g^hijh # =^_ ^h cVVg bZc oZ\i c kVc YZ hi^X]iZgh kVc ]Zi iVd hbZ# Bd\Za^_` ]ZZ[i ]^_ aViZg! ^c YZ *Z d[ )Z ZZjl kddg 8]g^hijh \ZaZZ[Y! i^_YZch YZ EZg^dYZ kVc YZ Hig^_YZcYZ HiViZc#

=Zi kZg]VVa \VVi YVi AVdo^! V[`dbhi^\ kVc YZ hiVVi 8]j! Zc^\Z i^_Y Vah Äadhdd[ gdcYigd`! bVVg c^ZbVcY iZ\Zc`lVb Y^Z cVVg o^_c lVVg]ZYZc lâYZ aj^hiZgZc# JîZ^cYZa^_` \V[ ]^_ ]Zi de YZ bZchZc \dZYZ gVVY iZ \ZkZc Zc WZhaddi ]^_ YZ WZhX]VV[YZ lZgZaY! ^c Yî \ZkVa 8]^cV! iZ kZgaViZc# 6Vc YZ lZhi\gZch `lVb AVdo^ ZZc eddgilVX]iZg iZ\Zc! Y^Z ]Zb l^hi dkZg iZ ]VaZc o^_c ^YZZ c ^c Za` \ZkVa de iZ hX]g^_kZc! dbYVi ]Zi odcYZ odj o^_c Vah Y^Z ]ZaZbVVa kZgadgZc odjYZc \VVc# AVdo^ odj ]^Zgde YZ IVd IZ 8]^c\! ]Zi 7dZ` kVc LZ\ Zc 9Zj\Y! ZZc kZgoVbZa^c\ kVc -& `dgiZ 8]^cZhZ iZ`hiZc! ]ZWWZc \ZhX]gZkZc# 7X YTibe\XgX gbc $# iTa E\V[TeW iTa AXffXa &# =Zi ^h kZghiVcY^\Zg ZZc `VVgh VVc iZ hiZ`Zc YVc iZ àV\Zc dkZg YZ Yj^hiZgc^h# '# 9Z l^_oZ ]djYi o^X]oZa[ de YZ VX]iZg\gdcY! bVVg ^c lZg`Za^_`]Z^Y hiVVi ]^_ kddgVVc# (# 6aaZZc YZ a^Z[YZ dkZgl^ci! VaaZZc YZ a^Z[YZ WZ]djYi# LVccZZg YZ ]ZbZa ZZc bZch lâ WZ]dZYZc kZgkjai ]^_ Y^Zch ]Vgi bZi a^Z[YZ# )# 9Z \gddihiZ deZcWVg^c\ ^h YZ hiâiZ# *# 6aaZ \gdiZ Y^c\Zc `dbZc kddgi jî ]Zi dcWZaVc\g^_`Z# 9VVgdb higZZ[i YZ l^_oZ cddî cVVg ]Zi \gdiZ# De Y^Z bVc^Zg `Vc ]^_ \gdiZ Y^c\Zc WZgZ^`Zc# + 7Z]VcYZa \dZYZ bZchZc \dZY# 7Z]VcYZa c^Zi"\dZYZ bZchZc dd` \dZY# Od `dbi \dZY]Z^Y idi hiVcY ,# 6ah _Z \dZY cVVg YZ hiVVgi kVc YZ `^``Zg `^_ì! o^Z _Z YVi ]^_ Zg \ZZc ]ZZ[i# -# Ol^_\Zc aZgZc lZ eVh ^c YZ adde kVc dch aZkZc0 hegZ`Zc aZgZc l^_ Va ZZgYZg# .# 6ah _Z ^Zih lâi eV``Zc! bdZi _Z ]Zi ]ZZa ZkZc adhaViZc# 6ah _Z ^Zih lâi adhaViZc! bdZi _Z ]Zi ]ZZa ZkZc eV``Zc# &%# 6ah _Z igdZWZa lViZg bZi gjhi aVVi ldgYi ]Zi kVcoZa[ ]ZaYZg#

(' (+

Heb je zenuwen =Zi bZchZa^_`Z oZcjlhiZahZa kVai ^c \gdiZ a^_cZc ^c ilZZ YZaZc jîZZc0 ]Zi XZcigVaZ oZcjlhiZahZa Zc ]Zi eZg^[ZgZ oZcjlhiZahZa# =Zi 8OH XZcigVaZ oZcjlhiZahZa WZhiVVi jî dcoZ ]ZghZcZc Zc gj\\ZcbZg\# =Zi EOH eZg^[ZgZ oZcjlhiZahZa WZhiVVi jî VaaZ dkZg^\Z oZcjlZc WjîZc ]Zi 8OH# D[iZlZa ^c YZ eZg^[Zg^Z# ?Z `jci ]Zi EOH WZhX]djlZc Vah ZZc hnhiZZb kVc kZgW^cY^c\Zc lVVgYddg ]ZghZcZc Zc gj\\ZcbZg\ bZi YZ gZhi kVc _Z a^_[ `jccZc Xdbbjc^XZgZc# 7^_ YZoZ Xdbbjc^XVi^Z o^_c ilZZ kZgoVbZa^c\Zc oZcjlZc WZigd``Zc# 9ZoZ he^cVaZ oZcjlZc adeZc kVc ]Zi gj\\ZcbZg\ cVVg YZ he^ZgZc Zc VcYZgZ a^X]VVbhYZaZc Zc YZ XgVc^VaZ oZcjlZc! YZoZ oZcjlZc

o^_c WZigd``Zc W^_ he^ZgZc Zc hZchdg^hX]Z egdXZhhZc kVc ]dd[Y Zc cZ`# CVVhi YZoZ ilZZ kZgoVbZa^c\Zc ]ZWWZc lZ dd` cd\ ZZc hjWhnhiZZb! ]Zi od\Z]ZiZc VjidcdbZ oZcjlhiZahZa 6OH # =Zi 6OH ^h WZigd``Zc W^_ VjidbVi^hX]Z dcl^aaZ`Zjg^\Z ]VcYZa^c\Zc W^_kddgWZZaY W^_ a^X]VVbh" dg\VcZc Zc he^Zg" XdcigVXi^Zh# LZ `jccZc ]Zi 6OH lZZg dcYZgkZgYZaZc ^c hnbeVi^hX] oZcjl" hiZahZa `dbi ^c V`i^Z lVccZZg lZ ZmigV ZcZg\^Z cdY^\ ]ZWWZc# Wk# W^_ kajX]i\ZYgV\ d[ kZX]i" \ZYgV\ Zc ]Zi eVgVhnbe]Vi^hX] oZcjl" hiZahZa!YZoZ iV` WgZc\i YZ gjhi dciheVcc^c\ lZZg iZgj\ Vah YZ iVV` kVc ]Zi hnbe]Vi^hX] oZcjl" hiZahZa ^h kdaWgVX]i#

*ZWV" 8[aKPWTWOQM ^WWZ ,]UUQM[

Tao het gaan van de weg 8BSF XPPSEFO [JKO OJFU BMUJKE NPPJ NPPJF XPPSEFO [JKO OJFU BMUJKE XBBS %F NBOJFS WBO 5BP JT OJFU UF SFEFUXJTUFO [JK EJF SFEFUXJTUFO [JKO OJFU FSWBSFO JO 5BP ;JK EJF XFUFO [JKO OJFU HFMFFSE EF HFMFFSEFO XFUFO OJFU %F XJK[FO IPVEFO OJFUT WBTU (FWFO BBO BOEFSFO JT WSFVHEF %PFO WPPS BOEFSFO JT HFMVL %JU JT EF UBP WBO EF IFNFM EJF HFFGU NFU WPMMF PWFSHBWF %JU JT EF UBP WBO EF XJK[F XJFOT HFMVL FFVXJH JT -BP [J %BP EF +JOH (,

J8 :BB<8A BAM8 GB8>B@FG J8:

FG4@68??8A H^cYh YZ ZZghiZ hiVbXZaWZ]VcYZa^c\ ^c &.-- ^h YZoZ kdgb kVc WZ]VcYZa^c\ kdade ^c dcil^``Za^c\# =Zi ^YZZ ^h h^beZa/ [YbYnYb jUbi]h XY VUg]g"

HiVbXZaaZc o^_c dc\ZheZX^Va^hZZgYZ XZaaZc! Y^Z bZi YZ _j^hiZ hi^bja^ o^X] `jccZc igVch[dgbZgZc ^c VcYZgZ XZaineZh Y^Z ^c ]Zi bZchZa^_` a^X]VVb kddg`dbZc odVah ^c YZ aZkZg! YZ ]j^Y! YZ gdYZ WadZYXZaaZc# Hdbb^\Z hiVbXZaaZc o^_c bZZg »eaVhi^hX]¼ YVc VcYZgZ# 9Vi WZiZ`Zci YVi o^_ ^c hiVVi o^_c bZZg XZaineZh iZ kdgbZc# HiVbXZaaZc j^i YZ cVkZahigZc\ WZ]dgZc idi YZ bZZhi dc\ZheZX^Va^hZZgYZ ineZh kVc a^X]VVbhXZaaZc# OZ dcihiVVc i^_YZch YZ kgdZ\hiZ dcil^``Za^c\h[VhZ Zc WZo^iiZc YZ bd\Za^_`]Z^Y db bZi YZ _j^hiZ hi^bja^

o^X] db iZ oZiiZc ^c heZX^ÄZ`Z XZaaZc odVah gdYZ d[ l^iiZ WadZYXZaaZc#

8Y VUg]g jUb cbnY [YncbX\Y]X Yb [YncbX kcfXYb bU n]Y_hY [cc]Yb k]^ aYhYYb bU XY [YVccfhY ]b XY dfi``YbVU_" DblâaZ kVc YZoZ Z^\ZchX]VeeZc Zc dblâaZ kVc ]Zi [Zî YVi YZ cVkZahigZc\ ZZc g^_`Z Wgdc kVc hiVbXZaaZc kdgbi Y^Z WdkZcY^Zc cd\ c^Zi VVc\ZiVhi o^_c Yddg W^_kddgWZZaY k^gVaZ VVcYdZc^c\Zc `Vc ]Zi YVc dd` c^Zi jîWa^_kZc YVi eg^k WZYg^_kZc WZ\dccZc o^_c bZi ]Zi ^ckg^ZoZc Zc dehaVVc kVc YZoZ XZaaZc Y^Z kZgoVbZaY ldgYZc jî ]Zi cVkZahigZc\WadZY W^_ YZ \ZWddgiZ#

FC44AF M<8>8A;H<F :85EH<>G FG4@68??8A B@ 58F6;47<:78 ;4EG8A G8 :8A8M8A B69G>9 " :Zc HeVVch o^Z`Zc]j^h ]ZZ[i bZi hjXXZh hiVbXZaaZc \ZWgj^ì kVc \ZodcYZ YdcdgZc db oZkZc haVX]id[[Zgh kVc ZZc ]VgiVVckVa iZ WZ]VcYZaZc# 9Z ZZghiZ `ZZg ddî YVi Yî \ZWZjgi lZgZaYl^_Y# =Zi \VVi db ]Zi ;fY[cf]c AUfUbcb n]Y_Yb\i]g ]b AUXf]X# 9î ^h cj kVc eaVc db ** eVi^ ciZc iZ WZ]VcYZaZc bZi YZoZa[YZ iZX]c^Z` ^c ZZc à^c^hX] ZmeZg^bZci! od bVVìZ YZ gZ\^dcVaZ dkZg]Z^Y kVc BVYg^Y WZ`ZcY ^c ZZc eZghkZgàVg^c\#

J;8E8I8E LBH :B :B E<8F A4GHE4? 6BF@8G<6F 9Z jc^Z`Z G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh a^_c WZhiVVi j^i ZZc XaZVchZg! eZZa^c\! hZgjb Zc ZZc YV\" Zc cVX]iXg bZ# 9ZoZ de Za`VVg V[\ZhiZbYZ egdYj`iZc WZkViiZc YZ kda\ZcYZ Z^\ZchX]VeeZc/ L

8dbeaZZi Zc \ZodcY K^iVa^hZgZcY Zc WZhX]ZgbZcY L =nYgViZgZcY Zc kZgodg\ZcY L 7^dad\^hX] Zc cVijjga^_` L

@dgidb! ZZc cVijjga^_`Z ]j^YkZgodg\^c\ha^_c Y^Z _Z dkZgVa aVVi o^_c l^Z _Z WZci# OdYVi lVi _Z dd` YdZi Zc lVVg _Z dd` \VVi _Z YVi oZa[WZljhi Zc bZi oZa[kZgigdjlZc YdZi# BVV` `Zcc^h bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh Zc WZhiZa YZ XdbeaZiZ a^_c Zc dcikVc\ ZZc hZgjb i#l#k æ()!.* \gVi^h# 7ZhiZaaZc `Vc k^V YZ VVc\ZhadiZc hVadch d[ eZg bV^a cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca# @^_` kddg ]Zi VVcWdY de lll#g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca

Gba Xa >XXf

BC 4A78E@4AF J8E>G8EE8<A GBA 4:G8E58E: 8A >88F ;44>F@4A @4>8A 58<78 788? H<G I4A 78 7<E86G<8 I4A 78 4:G8E58E: 587E<=I8A! GBA 8A >88F <AG8EI<8J8A C<8G E8:A8EHF I4A @4:?<I BI8E 78 J44E78 I4A @4:A8G<F6;8 I8?78A IBBE @8AF8A 7<8E8A 8A C?4AG8A 6]^ DGJ ]g YYb dfcYZ aYh aU[bYh]gaY [YXUUb cd YYb hfU]b]b[gjY`X jUb XY dfcZg" 8Y fYgi`hUhYb n]^b hch bi hcY jYfVUn]b[kY__YbX" 8ccf b Yb_Y`Y aU[bYYh ]b XY VYfY[Yb]b[g`Y]X]b[ hY dÙUhgYb ]g Yf cb[YjYYf &$ aYYf [fcY] cd XUh gdYW]ÃY_Y [YXYY`hY jUb \Yh jY`X" <cY _Ub XUh3 Ca XUUf UbhkccfX cd hY _f]^[Yb \YVVYb kY D]Yh FY[bYfig i]h[YbcX][X jccf YYb [cYX [YgdfY_" D=9H ?IB >9 >9N9@: =B <9H ?CFH JCCFGH9@@9B3 <ZWdgZc ^c ;g^ZhaVcY ijhhZc YZ `dZ^Zc Zc ]Zi `dgZc# De Zc ide dcYZgcZbZg! Vai^_Y c^Zjlh\^Zg^\ Zc de odZ` cVVg kZgWZiZg^c\Zc# ¹6ah _Z YZ bVc^Zg kZgVcYZgi lVVgde _Z Y^c\Zc WZ`^_ì! YVc kZgVcYZgZc YZ Y^c\Zc lVVgcVVg _Z `^_ì#º H^cYh ^` Yî hcVe o^Z ^` kZZa bZZg bd\Za^_`]ZYZc Vah dcYZgcZbZg# CV b^_c B76 hijY^Z ]ZW ^` odlZa ^c addcY^Zchi Vah oZa[hiVcY^\ \ZlZgì# JîZ^cYZa^_` WZc ^` bZi ]Zi 6bZg^`VVchZ BV\cVi^dcLViZg IZX]cdad\^Zh ^c oZZ \Z\VVc Vah ^bedgiZjg kddg :jgdeV Zc YZ GjhaVcYgZ\^d dcYZg YZ cVVb BV\a^k 8dgedgVi^dc# <C9 69B >9 =B 55BF5?=B; ;9?CA9B A9H 89 K9F?=B; J5B A5;B9H=G7<9 J9@89B CD A9BG 9B 8=9F3 CVYVi b^_c kgdjl ZZc I>6 ]ZZ[i \Z]VY! ]VY o^_ \ZZc ZcZg\^Z bZZg# K^V ZZc [V^g `lVb oZ bZi ZZc bV\cZZih^ZgVVY i]j^h bZi YZ \ZYVX]iZ ¹WVVi ]Zi c^Zi hX]VVYi ]Zi c^Ziº# LZ lVgZc kddgVa hXZei^hX]! bVVg oZ `gZZ\ Zg bZZg ZcZg\^Z kVc Zc a^Zi kg^_ hcZa YZ egdWaZbZc VX]iZg o^X]# OZ ]ZZ[i Yî idZc de\ZeVì Zc W^ccZc ZZc ]Va[ _VVg ]VY oZ &&%% àVciZc KVc YZoZ àVciZc `g^_\ _Z cVijjga^_` dd` kZZa [ZZYWVX`/ b^\gV^cZ! gj\àVX]iZc! `djYZ kdZiZc! iZcc^hVgb! dcihiZ`^c\Zc! Zco# KZZa egdWaZbZc lZgYZc bZi YZ bV\cZZiWVcY kZg]daeZc d[ kZgb^cYZgY# >` aZ\YZ idZc YZ a^c` bZi `dZ^Zc Zc eVVgYZc# :c`ZaZ WdZgZc ^c ;g^ZhaVcY o^_c bZi b^_ ^c oZZ \Z\VVc bZi Vah \Zkda\/ bZZg bZa`! kîVaZgZ Y^ZgZc Zc b^cYZg dcihiZ`^c\Zc# KVcjî Y^Z lZiZchX]Ve WZc ^` ^c ]Zi lViZg ¹\ZgdaY¹ lVVgbZZ lZ d#V# VXi^Z[ o^_c ^c YZ V\gVg^hX]Z hZXidg! hedgi Zc \aVY]Z^YhWZhig^_Y^c\# <C9 J9F?@55F >9 89 69H9F9 ;FC9= CD <9H ¸69<5B89@89¹ ;9899@H9 J5B <9H HF5=B=B;GJ9@83 BV\cZZiZcZg\^Z kZgVcYZgi YZ cVijjg`jcY^\Z WVh^hhigjXijjg kVc lViZg# 9Z bdaZXjaZchigjXijjg ldgYi jc^[dgbZg Zc \ZaVYZc bZi YZoZa[YZ igâa^c\h[gZfjZci^Z Y^Z YZ VVgYZ Va bâ_dZcZc _VgZc ]ZZ[i# EgVì^hX] \Zo^Zc WZiZ`Zci Yî YVi YZ \gVheaVci ]Zi lViZg ]^ZgYddg hcZaaZg `Vc decZbZc# =Zi ^h WZiZg WZhX]^`WVVg kddg YZ eaVci# IZkZch ldgYZc YZ kdZY^c\hhid[[Zc ZZckdjY^\Zg decZZbWVVg kddg YZ eaVci# 9î VaaZh \ZZ[i YZ \ZodcY]Z^Y Zc YZ \gdZ^ kVc ]Zi eaVci_Z ZZc edhî^ZkZ ^bejah# :c WZaVc\g^_` kddg ]Zi bâ^Zj Zc YZ edgiZbdccZZ! ]Zi lViZgkZgWgj^` ldgYi bZi dc\ZkZZg '% kZgaVV\Y#

8IG K5H9F 85H 8CCF 99B A5;B9H=G7< J9@8 =G ;9GHFCCA8 =G 5B89FG 85B ¸CB69<5B89@8» K5H9F3 @adei! fjV higjXijjg Zc aVY^c\! lZ kdZ\Zc c^Zih idZ Zc lZ ]VaZc Zg c^`h jî# =Zi ^h ejjg cVijjg`jcY^\# 9Z AdgZcio Zc KVc YZg LVVah `gVX]iZc heZaZc ]^ZgW^_ ZZc WZaVc\g^_`Z gda# Dd` o^_c Zg c^ZjlZ dciYZ``^c\Zc ^c YZ W^dad\^Z Y^Z YZ VVclZo^\]Z^Y kVc ZaZìg^hX]Z Zc bV\cZi^hX]Z `gVX]iZc de YZ bZZhi WVhVaZ c^kZVjh kVc aZkZcYZ dg\Vc^hbZc dci]jaaZc# 9jh Zg ^h lVVghX]^_ca^_` kZZa bZZg kVc ^ckadZY de dcoZ \ZodcY]Z^Y YVc idi cj idZ ^h WZlZoZc N=>B 9F CC? 8I=89@=>? K55FB99A65F9 9::97H9B J5B 89 A5;B9H=G7<9 ?F57<H CD A9BG 9B 8=9F3 7^_ bZchZc YdZc lZ Vai^_Y ZZc aZj` iZhi_Z db iZ aViZc o^Zc YVi _Z [nh^Z` hiZg`Zg WZci bZi ZZc bV\cZZi db _Z edah YVc odcYZg# 7^_ ]Zi JB8< ^c <gdc^c\Zc Wa^_ì jî dcYZgodZ` YVi YZ he^Zg\gdZ^ kZgWZiZgi bZi bV\cZiZc Zc W^_ hdbb^\Z o^Z`Zc]jôZc \ZWgj^`Zc oZ bV\cZiZc db \ZXdbea^XZZgYZ WdiWgZj`Zc hcZaaZg iZ aViZc ]ZghiZaaZc# @dZ^Zc Zc eVVgYZc `jc _Z Yddg \ZWgZ` VVc Xdbbjc^XVi^Z bdZâ^_`Zg iZhiZc! bVVg oZ o^_c ^c ^ZYZg \ZkVa cddî hjW_ZXi^Z[# :ZckdjY^\Zg ^h Vah kddgWZZaY YZ bZaègdYjXi^Z Zc cVijjga^_` ]Zi a^X]VVb! YVi ^h bZZiWVVg Zc o^X]iWVVg# OdVah Va ZZgYZg \ZoZ\Y Vah ZZc `dZ \ZodcYZg ldgYi! bZZg bZa` \ZZ[i Zc b^cYZg dcihiZ`^c\Zc ]ZZ[i ^h YZ WdZg iZkgZYZc =G 89 D55F89BK9F9@8 CC? 5@ CD 89 <CC;H9 J5B 89N9 9::97H9B3 =Zi ^h ^c YZ eVVgYZchedgi Va aVc\Zg \ZWgj^`Za^_` db cV YZ ^cheVcc^c\ bV\cZZii]ZgVe^Z idZ iZ eVhhZc db ]Zi ]ZghiZa iZ kZghcZaaZc# Dch VeeVgVVi \ZZ[i eZgbVcZciZ bV\cZZii]ZgVe^Z# 9Z ^ckadZYZc ]^ZgkVc de ]Zi eVVgY ldgYZc de Yî bdbZci \ZiZhi# >9 N9;H 8IG 9=;9B@=>? 85H 99B D55F8 @5B;9F 9B ;9NCB89F @99:H A9H 99B A5;B99H 55B <9H <CC:8GH9@3 9Vi ]Vc\i cVijjga^_` c^Zi VaaZZc kVc dcoZ VeeVgViZc V[! bVVg dd` kVc YZ dkZgZgk^c\! lZg`Ygj`! kdZY^c\! higZhh Zc higVa^c\# LVVgW^_ YZ aVVihiZ k^Zg kZZa egdWaZbZc kZgddgoV`Zc# BVVg lVVg dd` ^Zih iZ\Zc iZ YdZc ^h# H9FI; B55F 89 A9BG K5H N=>B CD 89 @5B;9 H9FA=>B 89 DCG=H=9J9 9::97H9B CD <9H @=7<55A3 6aaZ [jcXi^Zh ^c ]Zi bZchZa^_`Z a^X]VVb ]Vc\Zc V[ kVc ZZc kîVaZ YddgWadZY^c\# 6ah _Z YZ YddgWadZY^c\ kZgWZiZgi! _Z ZZi \ZodcY Zc Yg^cì kdaYdZcYZ lViZg! YVc ldgYi _Z kîVaZg Zc lZZgWVVgYZg# @dgidb! \ZodcY aZkZc ^h cVijjga^_` ]Zi VaaZgWZaVc\g^_`hiZ# 9VVg `Vc bV\cZi^hbZ ZZc edhî^ZkZ W^_YgV\Z ^c aZkZgZc# Db ]Zi bd\Za^_` iZ bV`Zc db dd` \ZodcYZg lViZg iZ Yg^c`Zc ]ZWWZc lZ ZZc lViZgigZX]iZg db lViZg iZ bV\cZi^hZgZc dcil^``ZaY# =^ZgbZZ `jc _Z aZ^Y^c\lViZg kîVa^hZgZc Zc Yjh \ZodcYZg bV`Zc kddg _Z a^X]VVb 9F N=>B K9H9BG7<5DD9FG 8=9 N9;;9B 85H 89 9::97H9B HCH BI HC9 B=9H 69K9N9B N=>B <C9 N=9H 89 HC9?CAGH J5B <9H A5;B9H=GA9 9F I=H3 :g ^h hiZZYh bZZg lZiZchX]VeeZa^_` WZl^_h kddg Yî cVijjg`jcY^\Z kZghX]^_chZa# BVVg o^Zc ^h \ZadkZc 9jh ]ZWWZc l^_ Vah BV\a^k kZZa iZhiZc \ZYVVc# L^_ `jccZc k^hjZZa VVcidcZc YVi dcoZ VeeVgViZc YdZc lVi l^_ oZ\\Zc# 9^Z WZZaYZc o^_c jc^Z` ^c YZ lZgZaY 9Z idZ`dbhi kVc dch WZYg^_[! lViZg ldgYi hX]VVgh <ZodcY lViZg ldgYi cVijjga^_` cd\ WZaVc\g^_`Zg# L^_ o^Zc YZ idZ`dbhi bZi dcoZ egdYjXiZc kda kZgigdjlZc iZ\ZbdZi#

De kracht van 68:IDI=:G6E>: =DDGI I=J>H >C 9: C6IJJG" <:C::H@JC9:# =>EED8G6I:H <:7GJ>@I: 6O>?C 7>? =:I 7:=6C9:A:C K6C LDC9:C :C 6AA:GA:> KDGB:C K6C >C;:8I>:H! 7>? DDG@A68=I:C :C =J>966C9D:C>C<:C# O:A;H 7>? HJ>@:GE6I>ÎCI:C 7G68=I =>? :G K:GA>8=I>C< B::# =:I <66I =>:G DB ::C C6IJJGA>?@ B>99:A L66G7>? 9: <:C::H@G68=I I:GJ< I: KD:G:C >H IDI 9: <GDC9HID; L66GJ>I =:I B>99:A >H 7:G:>9# C66G =>EED8G6I>H8=: DEK6II>C<:C <:C::HI

azijn

6AA::C 9: C6IJJG :C 96I 7:I:@:CI 96I 9: <:C::H@G68=I 6AI>?9 >C 9: <GDC9HID; 66CL:O>< BD:I O>?C# =:I EG:E6G:G:C IDI ::C B>99:A <66I 9: <:C::H@G68=I><: L:G@>C< K:G=D<:C D; 9: DEC6B: :GK6C K:G<:B6@@:A>?@:C#

6o^_c ^h ZZc ojgZ kadZ^hid[ Y^Z \ZbVVì ldgYi kVc l^_c! X^YZg d[ kVc W^Zg odVah ^c :c\ZaVcY# >c eg^cXêZ `Vc bZc kVc ^ZYZgZ olV` VaXd]da^hX]Z YgVc` Yddg b^YYZa kVc ZZc od\ZcVVbYZ »VXZid " [ZgbZciVi^Z¼ Vo^_c bV`Zc# 6aXd]da kZgW^cYi o^X] bZi ojjghid[ ^c YZ ajX]i Zc ldgYi YVc db\ZoZi ^c Vo^_c Zc lViZg# 9ddg YZ VVclZo^\]Z^Y kVc Vo^_cojjg ]ZZ[i Vo^_c ZZc `VgVìZg^hi^Z`Z ojgZ Zc lgVc\Z hbVV` bZi ZZc hVbZcigZ``ZcYZ lZg`^c\# 9Z VXZid · [ZgbZciVi^Z k^cYi eaVVih Yddg YZ VVclZo^\]Z^Y kVc ZZc b^Xgd" dg\Vc^hbZ! YZ Vo^_cWVXâ# 9ZoZ WVXiZg^Z `dbi dkZgVa kVc cVijgZ kddg ^c YZ ajX]i#

EVh ^c &-,- ]ZZ[i ZZc b^XgdW^dadd\! =VchZc \ZcVVbY! ]Zi X]Zb^hX]Z egdXZh kVc Vo^_cWZgZ^Y^c\ kZgàVVgY# =^_ WZhX]gZZ[ YZ Yg^Z hddgiZc Vo^_cWVXâaZc# 9Z b^Xgd" dg\Vc^hbZc kZgiZgZc YZ VaXd]da Zc hX]Z^YZc ojjghid[ V[# 6o^_c ]ddgi idi ZZc oZZg djY ]j^hb^YYZa YVi kda\Zch hdbb^\Z dcYZgodZ`Zgh Va i^ZcYjôZcY _VVg \ZaZYZc lZgY \ZWgj^` W^_ ]Zi WZlVgZc kVc kdZY^c\hb^YYZaZc

9Z bZZhi \ZWgj^`iZ Vo^_chddgiZc o^_c/ l^_cVo^_c!

Zc ]Zi WZ]VcYZaZc kVc iVag^_`Z `aVX]iZc# 6o^_c ^h ]Zi

VeeZaVo^_c d[ X^YZgVo^_c! W^ZgVo^_c Zc ?VeVchZ

Z^cYegdYjXi kVc ZZc [ZgbZciVi^ZegdXZh YVi kZgYjcY

g^_hiVo^_c# >c >iVa^ `Zci bZc YZ WZgdZbYZ 7VahVb^Xd!

Vo^_cojjg WZkVi# 9VVgcVVhi `dbi Zg ZZc VVciVa

ZZc Vo^_c kVc W^_odcYZgZ hVbZchiZaa^c\ Y^Z kZaZ

cVijjga^_`Z WZhiVcYYZaZc ^c kddg! V[`dbhi^\ kVc YZ

_VgZc djY ^h# O^_c Xja^cV^gZ lVVgYZ hiVVi ]dd\

\gdcYhid[ lVVgj^i YZ Vo^_c ldgYi WZgZ^Y#

VVc\ZhX]gZkZc! bVVg Zg ^h dckdaYdZcYZ dcYZgodZ` \ZYVVc cVVg YZ i]ZgVeZji^hX]Z bd\Za^_`]ZYZc# KZgbdZYZa^_` ^h 7VahVb^Xd! Y^Z kVV` '* _VVg djY ^h! iZ Yjjg db i]ZgVeZji^hX] iZ \ZWgj^`Zc# CVVhi YZoZ kZghX]âaZcYZ hddgiZc Vo^_c! ^h Zg dd` YZ `gj^YZcVo^_c# 9Z WZgZ^Y^c\ kVc ZZc `gj^YZcVo^_c ^h kg^_ ZZckdjY^\# BZc WgZc\i ZZc WZeVVaYZ ]dZkZZa]Z^Y \ZYgdd\Y d[ kZgh `gj^Y ^c ZZc aîZg Vo^_c Zc aVVi YVi! V[]Vc`Za^_` kVc ]Zi `gj^Y! ilZZ YV\Zc idi VX]i lZ`Zc igZ``Zc# @gj^YZcVo^_c ldgYi odlZa Xja^cV^g Vah i]ZgVeZji^hX] \ZWgj^ì# 9Z \ZcZZh`gVX]i^\Z lZg`^c\ kVc ]Zi `gj^Y ldgYi \ZXdbW^cZZgY bZi YZoZ kVc Vo^_c Zc ]ZZ[i YVVgYddg ZZc YjWWZaZ lZg`^c\# =Zi ^h c^Zi Yj^YZa^_` d[ VeeZaVo^_c ZZc WZiZgZ \ZcZZh`gVX]i^\Z lZg`^c\ ]ZZ[i YVc YZ VcYZgZ hddgiZc# 6eeZaVo^_c ^h Zg\ WZ`ZcY dbYVi YVVg ]Zi bZZhiZ dcYZgodZ` cVVg lZgY \ZYVVc# G^_hiVo^_c ]ZZ[i ^c ]Zi KZggZ DdhiZc ZkZcZZch ZZc \dZYZ gZejiVi^Z! bVVg ^h ^c :jgdeV cVjlZa^_`h

6eeZaVo^_c WZkVi W^_kddgWZZaY eZXi^cZ! WZiVXVgdiZZc!

\Z`ZcY#

`Va^jb! ZconbZc Zc Vb^cdojgZc! V[`dbhi^\ kVc YZ VeeZah lVVgkVc YZ Vo^_c ^h \ZbVV`i#

Wetenschappelijke onderzoek

I^_YZch ]Zi \^hi^c\hegdXZh ldgYZc Zg XdbeaZmZ

=Zi hiVVi kVhi YVi Vo^_c ZZc YdYZcYZ lZg`^c\ ]ZZ[i

egdiZ cZ " WdjlhiZcZc Vb^cdojgZc \ZkdgbY#

de ZZc eVi]d\ZZc d[ o^Z`iZkZglZ``ZcY hid[# Od ^h

9Z \ZcZZh`gVX]i^\Z lZg`^c\ kVc VeeZaVo^_c ^h

VVc\ZiddcY YVi Vo^_c eVgVh^ZiZc hcZaaZg kZgc^Zi^\i

Va\ZbZZc \Z`ZcY# 6Vc Vo^_c ldgYZc kVV` YZ bZZhi

YVc lZa` VcYZg b^YYZa YVc dd`# 6o^_c ldgYi ^c

ldcYZgWVVga^_`Z

idZ\ZhX]gZkZc#

YZ cVijjg\ZcZZh`jcYZ \ZWgj^`i iZ\Zc ^c[ZXi^Zh#

=Zi dcYZgodZ`! YVi YZ VXZidi]ZgVe^Z ^h kddgV[

Z^\ZchX]VeeZc

OlZbbZgh `aV\Zc kVV` dkZg \Z c[ZXiZZgYZ Zc

\Z\VVc! ]ZZ[i ZZc \gddi VVciVa \ZcZZh`gVX]i^\Z

_Zj`ZcYZ dgZc# :Zc V[YdZcYZ egZkZci^Z ^h YZ dgZc

Z^\ZchX]VeeZc WZkZhi^\Y#

cV ]Zi olZbbZc hedZaZc bZi ZZc bZc\hZa kVc & YZZa Vo^_c de & YZZa WgdclViZg# :Zc deadhh^c\ Y^Z ]Zi ddg cd\ WZiZg Ygdd\ bVVì! ^h Vo^_c bZi YZoZa[YZ ]dZkZZa]Z^Y VaXd]da# 9î ]Zaei odlZa iZ\Zc WVXiZg^ c Vah iZ\Zc hX]^bbZah# 6o^_c ^h ZZc jîhiZ`ZcY b^YYZa db YZ ]j^Y iZ WZ]VcYZaZc# :Zc Vo^_c`dbegZh ]ZghiZai YZ ojjgiZ\gVVY kVc YZ ]j^Y dbYVi YZoZ dkZgZZchiZbi bZi YZ e="lVVgYZ kVc YZ ]j^Y#

J<AA44E %#$( <A 8A8E:L CBEG9B?<B @4A4:8@8AG

8DB86B ^h Yddg YZ CVi^dcVaZ 7jh^cZhh HjXXZh 6lVgY

`jccZc# »9Z XdbW^cVi^Z kVc heZX^Va^hi^hX]Z `Zcc^h!

j^i\ZgdZeZc idi WgVcX]Zl^ccVVg '%&* ^c YZ WgVcX]Z

ZgkVg^c\! idZ\Vc\ idi VaaZ eVgi^_Zc! dcV[]Vc`Za^_`]Z^Y

kVc :cZg\n Edgi[da^d BVcV\ZbZci# =Zi WZYg^_[ ]ZZ[i

Zc YZ \Z`deeZaYZ Y^ZchikZgaZc^c\ ^h od jc^Z` YVi ]Zi

o^X] kda\Zch YZ Cdb^cVi^ZXdbb^hh^Z dcil^``ZaY idi

kddg VcYZgZ eVgi^_Zc bdZ^a^_` d[ oZa[h dcbd\Za^_` ^h

ZZc iddcVVc\ZkZcYZ dcYZgcZb^c\ ^c ZcZg\^Zedgi[d

YZoZ Vah idiVVa iZ `de^ gZc# =^ZgbZZ hX]Zei 8DB86B

a^dbVcV\ZbZci! bZi ZZc oZZg hiZg`Z edh^i^dcZg^c\#

ZZc hiZg`Z bVg`iedh^i^Z#¼

»8DB86B ]ZZ[i Yddg ]VVg gj^bZ ZgkVg^c\ jîhiZ`ZcYZ gZhjaiViZc kddg ]VVg àVciZc \ZWdZì Zc ZZc

9VVgcVVhi ^h ]VVg ]ZaZ VVceV` Zc Y^ZchikZgaZc^c\

`a^c`ZcYZ gZejiVi^Z de\ZWdjlY#¼

Yddgigd``Zc kVc ZZc k^h^Z de kZg\gdZc^c\! \Zo^Zc kVcj^i VVcW^ZYZg Zc \ZWgj^`Zg# 9Z dei^bVaZ ^coZi

6ah ZZc kVc YZ aZ^YZcYZ WZYg^_kZc ^c YZ c^ZjlZ

kVc W^_kddgWZZaY odccZ"ZcZg\^Z Zc kVc kZgbd\Zch

WgVcX]Z kVc :cZg\n Edgi[da^d BVcV\ZbZci gZ\Zai

kVc ZaZ`ig^hX]Z Vjid¼h kddg e^Z`WZaVhi^c\ lVVg YVi

8DB86B XdcigVXiZc ijhhZc ZcZg\^ZaZkZgVcX^Zgh Zc

bd\Za^_` ^h! aZkZgi \ZWgj^`Zgh \gdiZ WZheVg^c\Zc de

WZYg^_kZc Y^Z kddg WZ^YZ eVgi^_Zc ^ciZgZhhVci o^_c# O^_

Zc aZkZgVcX^Zgh bZZg \Za^_`bVi^\Z V[oZiegdÄ ZaZc#

[jc\ZZgi ]^Zg^c Vah dcV[]Vc`Za^_` eVgicZg odlZa VVc

8DB86B `Vc od oZZg `dgiZ iZgj\kZgY^Zci^_YZc

YZ aZkZgVcX^Zgh" Vah VVc YZ V[cZbZgh`Vci! lVVgW^_

gZVa^hZgZc/ Zc`ZaZ _VgZc ^c eaVVih kVc YZ \Vc\WVgZ

o^_ hVbZclZg`i bZi ZZc cZilZg` kVc heZX^Va^hi^hX]Z

&% _VVg kddg odccZeVcZaZc# »8DB86B o^Zi cj

eVgicZgh#

Va YZ \gdiZ c^ZjlZ dcil^``Za^c\Zc Y^Z o^X] de YZ ZcZg\^ZbVg`iZc \VVc kddgYdZc# 9ZoZ igZcYh

9Z Cdb^cVi^ZXdbb^hh^Z kVc ]Zi CVi^dcVaZ 7jh^cZhh

i^_Y^\ h^\cVaZgZc Zc Y^ZchiZc dcil^``ZaZc db YZoZ

HjXXZh 6lVgY >chi^ijji o^Zi ^c 8DB86B ZZc aZ^YZcYZ

iZ `jccZc bVcV\Zc · 8DB86B ^h Zg cj Va bZZ

Zc j^iZghi ^ccdkVi^ZkZ dcYZgcZb^c\! Y^Z bZi ]VVg

WZo^\¼! hiZai GdWZgi OlVVc! ]dd[Y kVc YZ YV\Za^_`hZ

heZX^Va^hi^hX]Z Y^ZchikZgaZc^c\ jc^Z` ^h ^c CZYZgaVcY

Cdb^cVi^ZXdbb^hh^Z#

Zc lZaa^X]i ^c ]ZZa :jgdeV# »8DB86B ^h jc^Z` ^c CZYZgaVcY Zc YVVgWj^iZc# :Zc

)(

Dcbd\Za^_` iZ `de^ gZc

gZaVi^Z[ _dc\Z dcYZgcZb^c\ bZi \gdiZ `Zcc^h Zc

9Z _jgn eg^_hi bZi cVbZ 8DB86B¼h \gdiZ `Zcc^h kVc

ZgkVg^c\! de\ZYVVc ^c ZZgYZgZ edh^i^Zh# <ZYgZkZc

ZcZg\^ZWZjghegdYjXiZc ^ciZgcVi^dcVVa! bVVg dd`

Zc kda \Zadd[ ^c YZ idZ`dbhi ldgYi \Z ckZhiZZgY ^c

kVc YZ bd\Za^_`]ZYZc db WZjgh^c`dde kddg ]VVg

\gdZ^ Zc dcil^``Za^c\# :Zc Y^ZchikZgaZcZg Y^Z kddg

\ZWgj^`Zgh iZ WZlZg`hiZaa^\Zc Zc \ZWgj^`Zgh idZ\Vc\

VaaZ eVgi^_Zc YZ WZhiZ deadhh^c\Zc VVcgZ^`i de WVh^h

iZ kZghX]V[[Zc idi YZ WZjgh Y^Z YVi de Z^\Zc `gVX]i c^Zi

kVc oZZg heZX^Va^hi^hX]Z `Zcc^h Zc `cdl]dl#

J<AG8E>J44?G=8F

K:G@DJ9=:>9! <G>:E! B66<" :C 96GBEGD7A:B:C 89 K=BH9F 9B 89 6=><CF9B89 J9F?CI8<989B GBCH 9B 6I=?;F=9D" <9H =G 89 B57<HA9FF=9 J5B J99@ CI89FG" A55F I ?IBH IK ?=B8 C: 69H9F N=>B 5:K99FGMGH99A 9F CDH=A55@ CD JCCF69F9=89B" <=9F JC@;9B 9B?9@9 H=DG"

CDJC989B CA K=BH9F?K55@H>9G H9 JCCF?CA9B

GD97=5@9 JC98=B; JCCF 89 K=BH9F3 DcoZ kdZY^c\hWZ]dZ[iZc kZgVcYZgZc c^Zi bZZ bZi YZ hZôdZcZc# BVVg hdbh kZgVcYZgZc dcoZ \ZlddciZc lZa dbYVi ]Zi Vhhdgi^bZci kVc W^_kddgWZZaY [gjî eZg hZôdZc `Vc kZghX]âaZc Zc ]Zi VVcWdY ^c YZ l^ciZg àZ^cZg ^h YVc ^c YZ odbZg# :c YZ `djYZgZ iZbeZgVijgZc WgZc\Zc dch kV`Zg ^c YZ kZgaZ^Y^c\ db XVadg^Zg^_`Z bVVai^_YZc bZi b^cYZg kîVb^cZh iZ \VVc ZiZc#

KZg`djY]ZYZc! \g^Ze Zc bVV\" Zc YVgbegdWaZ" bZc cZbZc ZmedcZci^ZZa idZ Vah ]Zi `djY ^h# 9î `dbi c^Zi YddgYVi YZ b^XgdWZc od \Z` o^_c de YZ `dj! bVVg lZa dbYVi lZ »h l^ciZgh bZZg ^c XdciVXi `dbZc bZi VcYZgZ bZchZc Zc o^ZìZh Yjh bV``Za^_`Zg dkZg\ZYgV\Zc ldgYZc# 9Z ZZghiZ hiVe db YZoZ o^ZìZh ]Zi ]dd[Y iZ W^ZYZc ^h Yjh kddg`dbZc YVi oZ o^X] kZghegZ^YZc 9VVgdb bdZi j! »h l^ciZgh cd\ bZZg YVc ^c YZ gZhi kVc ]Zi _VVg! jl `^cY YZ kda\ZcYZ gZ\Zah W^_WgZc\Zc/ L

GZ\ZabVi^\ YZ ]VcYZc lVhhZc Zc oZ`Zg kddg ]Zi ZiZc# C^Zi ]dZhiZc d[ c^ZoZc odcYZg YZ ]VcY kddg YZ bdcY iZ ]djYZc# <ZZc \ZWgj^`iZ oV`YdZ`_Zh aViZc gdcYha^c\ZgZc#

5:K99FGMGH99A =B HCDJCFA J `jci ]Zi V[lZZghnhiZZb kVc jl `^cY ZZc Wddhi \ZkZc Zc ]Zi od lVeZcZc iZ\Zc YZ \ZWgj^`Za^_`Z ^c[ZXi^Zh Zc k^gjhhZc kVc YZ l^ciZg# =dZ4 L

Odg\ YVi ]Zi kdaYdZcYZ haVVe `g^_\i Zc YVi o^_c aZkZchgîbZ c^Zi iZ ]dd\ a^\i# HigZhh Zc haVVe\ZWgZ` ]ZWWZc ZZc cZ\Vi^ZkZ ^ckadZY de ]Zi V[lZZghnhiZZb# 6ah jl `^cY iZ kZZa VXi^kîZîZc ]ZZ[i `jci j ZZc Zc VcYZg hX]gVeeZc# BVVg d[[Zg cddî o^_c a^X]VVbhWZlZ\^c\ de dbYVi Yî XgjX^VVa ^h kddg ZZc \dZY lZg`ZcY V[lZZghnhiZZb#

9Zc` dd` ZZch VVc VaiZgcVi^ZkZ \ZcZZh" l^_oZc# =dbZdeVi]^Z! [nidi]ZgVe^Z Zc cd\Va lVi VcYZgZ \ZcZZhl^_oZc ]ZWWZc kddg ]Zi WZ\^c kVc YZ l^ciZg heZX^VaZ egZkZci^ZkZ egdYjXiZc#

»h L^ciZgh bdZi j Zg Yjh ZmigV \dZY dkZg lV`Zc YVi jl `^cY kdaYdZcYZ kîVb^cZh W^ccZc`g^_\i# 9Vi ^h bdZâ^_`Zg YVc YZ gZhi kVc ]Zi _VVg bVVg Zg ^h idX] cd\ Vai^_Y ZZc \gdiZ `Zjg VVc [gjî h^cVVhVeeZaZc Zc VcYZgZ XîgjhkgjX]iZc Zc \gdZciZc `dda! egZ^! lîad[ bVVg YZc` dd` VVc cdiZc Zc oVYZc# 6ah j YZcì YVi jl `^cY ZZc iZ`dgi ]ZZ[i VVc kîVb^cZh! dbYVi ]Zi W^_kddgWZZaY c^Zi \ZcdZ\ [gjî d[ \gdZciZc ZZi! `jci j ZZc \ZhX]^ì kdZY^c\hhjeeaZbZci cZbZc#

K]gh i XUh F=9G 7cgaYh]Wg gdYW]UU` jccf XY dYf]cXY kUUf]b XY F ]b XY aUUbX n]h \Yh jcYX]b[ggidd`YaYbh HcdÃ h D`ig \YYZh cbhk]__Y`X aYh U`g \ccZX]b[fYX] bh XY _fUW\h][Y ;]bgYb[" JfUU[ YfbUUf V]^ YYb jUb XY gU`cbg kYf_nUUa aYh F=9G 7cgaYh]Wg UW\hYf]b \Yh AU[Un]bY hY j]bXYb "

))

L^a _^_ `Vch bV`Zc de ZZc egd[Zhh^dcZaZ [didh]ddi4 BVV` YVc ZZc [did kVc _djl cV_VVghadd` Zc bV^a YZoZ cVVg ^c[d5[did"XdcXZei#ca# 9Z aZj`hiZ$bdd^hiZ$bZZhi ^che^gZgZcYZ ^coZcY^c\ l^ci ZZc [didh]ddi W^_ Gdc Gji\Zgh kVc ;did"8dcXZei B:I k^hV\^Z Zc VXXZhhd^gZ"hina^c\ kVc A^cYV Gji\Zgh"HX]dZgh kVc 7ZVjin;M

LG9@@9BH

;99: 55B K55FCA =9A5B8 99B A5?9 CJ9F J9F8=9BH 9B A55? ?5BG CD 99B A5?9!CJ9F 8CCF G9@9B9 @9BH>9G BV^a YZ gZYZc cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca d#k#k# bV`Z"dkZg hZaZcZ

@^_` kddg YZ heZagZ\Zah kddg lVi WZigZ[i YZoZ VggVc\ZbZciZc de eV\^cV %' kVc Y^i G>:H bV\Vo^cZ

AC89FB J=G=CB BdYZgc K^h^dc \ZZ[i VYk^Zh ^c ZcZg\^ZkZgWgj^` Zc `dhiZcWZheVg^c\# J `jci iZgZX]i kddg VYk^Zh dkZg lZa`Z ZcZg\^ZaZkZgVcX^Zg ]Zi WZhiZ W^_ j eVhi! WZheVgZcYZ kZga^X]i^c\! odccZeVcZaZc Zc `aZ^cZ l^cYld``Zah kddg de jl YV`#

lll#bdYZgck^h^dc#ca

K=B 99B ;F5H=G D9FGCB5@ HF5=B=B; 6=> F9AC GD9=>9FG AU]` F=9G AU[Un]bY bUUf ) aU]`UXfYggYb Yb YYb WW bUUf ]bZc4f]YgWcgaYh]WU"b` c"j"j" dYfgcbU` hfU]bYf Yb k]b YYb [fUh]g dYfgcbU` hfU]b]b[ Yb UXj]Yg jUb FYac GdY]^Yfg"

45 JBA8A BV^a G>:H BV\Vo^cZ cVVg * bV^aVYgZhhZc Zc ZZc XX cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca d#k#k# bZg^Y^VVc`d\Za Zc dcikVc\ \gVi^h ZZc hZi bZg^Y^VVc`d\Zah#

56 kcbYb! @dgiZhigVVi '' 6gc]Zb ldcZc5Vai^_YWVaVch#ca lll#VW"ldcZc#Xdb

EF TGFFS WBO 0PTU FO 8FTU

G5@CBG 8=9 K9F?9B A9H DFC8I7H9B J5B F=9G 7CGA9H=7G 57IDIB7HIIF JCCF >CI HVW^cZ kVc I^ZcZc 8dabVghigVVi (*! C>?B:<:C %+ &,( -* &,& ^c[d5VXjejcXijjgkddg_dj#ca

5<5J5< HiZe]Vc^Z 9Z 7gVci L^_ckZaY ',- 7(! H>C66> 7 %),, &. ') %& hiZe]Vc^Z#YZ#WgVci5iZaZcZi#WZ

5H5@5BH5 ;9NCB8 K9@@ =Zcg^ iiZ 9Z``Zgh :kZc`Vbe *! GD:GBDC9 %),* (( -- '& ^c[d5ViVaVciV"lZaacZhh#ca

65@5B79 DF5?H=>? JCCF <I=8J9F69HF=B; GdhVccZ kVc =Vb >hVWZaaV]d[ ),! K:CG6N %), --* '( &, gdhVccZ5WVaVcXZkZcgVn#ca

695IHM 5@@ CJ9F @^ghiZc 7Z`]j^h DdibVghjbhZhigVVi &'%! 6AB:AD %+ &%( *) -++ WZVjinVaadkZgVabZad5]dibV^a#Xdb

89 F9=B9GH9=B 695IHM K9@@B9GG79BH9F

@5 7C@CA69

DIF9 =89BH=HM

BVg^VccZ Ij^i]d[ kVc @^eeZghaj^h

?ZVccZiiZ Eda`ZgbVc :hlZ\ '! OJ>9A6G:C %*% )%' .+ -+ ^c[d5YZgZ^cZhiZ^c#ca

9g# Adk^c`aVVc ('! 6AE=:C 6$9 G>?C

?ja^V I^bbZgh =dZ[higVVi *V! J9:C %)&( '++ *-( _ja^VWV^5eaVcZi#ca

:579 6C8M

%&,' ).. %+* bVg^VccZ5hVadcaVXdadbWZ#ca

@9G G97F9HG 89 695IHv

BVg^_`Z AVbbZch >kdccZ kVc YZg AVVc 7ZZ`higVVi '! :AH:<:B 7Za\^ 8Vgda^cZ HX]Zc` %%(' ),, '). &%) 8gddchiVYiaVVc (X! B>?9G:8=I lll#aZhhZXgZihYZWZVjiZ#WZ %'., '-. '+( >c[d5hX]ddc]Z^YhhVadc[VXZVcYWdYn#ca

@=:9GHM@9 @5 FI7=5

8F C9= K9@@B9GG

G5@CB >C<5BB5

EViin kVc HigVViZc AVVc kVc BZZgYZgkddgi -+)! 9:C =66< %+ )++ ((- -% ^c[d5[VXZi]Z[VXZ#ca

G^_cZcWdg\]higVVi &,! C>:JL:<:>C

:F5ACB=

HeddghigVVi ('! 7D9:<G6K:C Yg#dZ^#ljh]j5\bV^a#Xdb

?d]VccV kVc A^Zh]dji 6bVa^VYlVghhigVVi ((! JIG:8=I %+ &)&' .(-+ ^c[d5hVadc_d]VccV#ca

A5F=9!E=#B5HIIF;9<9=A

G5@CB F=9G 7CGA9H=7G

BVg^Z"?dhZ 7Za_VVgh"HX]jjgbVch

KVc :X`higVVi &! 6GC=:B %+ &&( '*) ), ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca

A^a^Vc DZ^

695IHM DC=BH 8I=J9B

;9NCB89 8F=9<C9?

%)* *&& *& .' d[ %+ ''* ,)* %%

6aZmVcYgV :`ZabVch Kg^ZhhX]ZhigVVi .,! 9J>K:C %(&+ (( ') (* ^c[d5WZVjined^ci"Yj^kZc#ca

Adj^hZ =dZ`oZbV 7g^aYj^`Zg ''! L>A9:GK6C@ Eaj^bZghigVVi (&"((! <GDC>C<:C %+ -(% )* +*( ^c[d5\ZodcYZYg^Z]dZ`#ca

bVg^Zf^5`ecbV^a#Xdb

<55F 8CCF G5G?=5

%(( '*- ** '- d[ %+ )&* %) '(*

HVh`^V Kd\Zah DdhiZcYZ &-! =:ABDC9 %).' *') -*. ^c[d5]VVgYddghVh`^V#ca

ZaaZcbZ``Zg^c\5]dibV^a#Xdb

BVg_V kVc 7ZZ` 7^hhX]delZ\ *+! AJCI:G:C %+ '%% ,&, *( ^c[d5WZVjinhVadcYZaZ_d#ca

695IHMG5@CB ;@CK 9^VcV =d\Zgkdghi KdZgZcYVVahigVVi &%! 6GC=:B %'+ (+& '& %& ^c[d5hVadc\adl#ca

6=> 89 JC9H>9G D98=7IF9DF5?H=>? A98=G7< D98=7IF9 >gbV KZglZ^_bZgZc 9Z GdZ^ &&! K>:GA>C<H7::@ %),- +( &) ,-

6=MCIG<= 8aVjY^V O^Z\aZg @VZai_Zh =d[hiZZ ),! L:HI:GKDDGI %'+ (&& ,- &* ^c[d5W^ndjh]^#ca

75FC@=9B 9=7<<CFB 8Vgda^Zc :^X]]dgc =VcYZahigVVi ')! 86HIG>8JB %'*& +,% .%& XbZ^X]]dgc5]ZicZi#ca

7F95HIF9 <I=8J9FNCF;=B; @Vg^c L^_YZkZaY <g^ZcY]dZkZ &%! 6GC=:B %'+ (-& *( '% ^c[d5XgZVijgZ]j^YkZgodg\^c\#ca

FCG9A5F=9 JCI@CB HCH55@ 7CGA9H=9?

a^[ZhinaZaVgjX^V5\bV^a#Xdb

BVgjX^V <Zci^aZ

=dd\higVVi &-&! A6C9<G66;

695IHMG5@CB 89@9>C

8VgaV =ViobVcc :c`lZ\ )*! :E: %*,- +'& +,* ^c[d5ejjg"]]k#ca

GdhZbVg^Z Kdjadc DkZg^_hhZaaVVc ,! K::C96B %*.- +& *, )( gW#kdjadc5]XXcZi#ca

:579 H<9 :579

Bdc^fjZ EjibVc :^\Zc =Z^b -! L:HI:GKDDGI %'+ (&& )* %, ^c[d5[gVbdc^#ca

DIIF

B5A5GH9 :aaZc BZ``Zg^c\ =VbhZlZ\ *' W! =DD<A6C9

B5HIF5@ G?=B 65@5B79 >c\g^Y @Vbe]dghi 7ddb`lZ`ZghZg[ +&! 6GC=:B

G7<CCB<9=8GG5@CB >9BBM ?Zccn 7g^c`Zg^c` BZZjlZceaVVi &)! 7DH@DDE %&,' '&& *+* WZVjinhVadc_Zccn5\bV^a#Xdb

G?=B 899D <I=8J9F69H9F=B; BVg\V kVc YZc 7Zg\] <dgYdchigVVi '+! H8=>:96B %&% ),( *% .+ ^c[d5h`^cYZZe#ca

<=@89 GDCFH9@

%'+ ,+( %- '+ d[ %+ &)& %' (&)

=^aYZ HedgiZa 8VaaZ Eg^bZgd YZ BVnd (%! :HE:G6 : ^c[d5k^YVbVhhVcV#Xdb

^c[d5cVijgVah`^cWVaVcXZ#ca

<=A5B= 695IHM <95@H< <5=FGD5

@VbeZg[dZa^ZaVVc ) V! B6GJB %*.) ,) %% %)

G?=B GHI8=C

?VXfjZa^cZ 7gVcYZh BZZjlhigVVi )%! EJGB:G:C9 %'.. )*% %'. ^c[d5]^bVc^#ca

^c[d5dgcVig^m#ca

=Z^Yn <Ze`Zch BZZjlhigVVi '*! 9>96B BVg`i +&! O:K:C66G %(&+ '.) (&& ]Z^Yn5h`^chijY^d#ca

CFB5HF=L <55FK9F?9B ?daVcYV 7gdjlZg

D98=7CF <5??9B69F; J5B ;55G699? 8dgg^Z =V``ZcWZg\ kVc <VVhWZZ`

G?=B9::97H ?Zcc^[Zg kVc YZg BZ^_Zc =dZ`_Z &+! 6AB@:G@ %&-( )%) ,+, _Zcc^[Zg5h`^cZ[[ZXi#^c[d

<I=8=BGH=HIIH ;CC875F9

IddgdehigVVi (&! 6GC=:B

?Zhh^XV kVc YZg K^h KVc YZc 7Zg\aVVc (! KDDGI=J>O:C %+ )&' ,% *(. d[ %()' )( ** -, ^c[d5]j^Y^chi^ijji\ddYXVgZ#ca

JC9HF9:@9L DF5?H=>? 6CG?CCD

%'+ ))* -. &+

=Vch YZ KZi] BZZjlZceaVVi &)! 7DH@DDE %+ ',% +,- ,lll#kdZigZÅZmegV`i^_`Wdh`dde#ca

=BGH=HIIH <9@A=F B^g^Vb kVc <ZZa BdaZcVVghigVVi +(! H8=6>?@ %)-+ )+) '+) ^c[d5]Zab^g#ca

eZY^Xdg5a^kZ#ca

DF5?H=>? JCCF MC;5 9B 9B9F;9H=G7<9 H<9F5D=9 <dcc^Z kVc YZ AVc\ BZ^_Zg^c`hWZg\ &.! L>:G9:C %*)+ *,, %,% \dcc^Z5kVcYZaVc\#ca

NCBB9GHI8=C FCCA699? =^aYZ =Vbjgjaj GddblZ\ -.! :CH8=:9: %*( )( )% '., odccZhijY^d"gddbWZZ`5]dibV^a#Xdb

CD9B=B; F=9G ?@=B=9? 9B HF5=B=B;G79BHFIA

G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh \VVi kZg]jôZc Zc deZci bZY^d bVVgi YZ YZjgZc kVc YZ c^ZjlZ à^c^Z` ^c 9Z HiZZ\# 9ZoZ c^ZjlZ adXVi^Z! VVc YZ =dd[YhigVVi ',! W^ZYi bd\Za^_`]ZYZc VVc G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh db o^X] kZgYZg iZ dcil^``ZaZc Zc eVhi WZiZg W^_ YZ ZcdgbZ \gdZ^ Y^Z o^_ YZ V[\ZadeZc eZg^dYZ ]ZZ[i Yddg\ZbVVì# ?Z WZci kVc ]VgiZ jî\ZcdY^\Y db dch iZ WZodZ`Zc Zc `Zcc^h iZ bV`Zc bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh# &$ A55FH CD9B <I=G D5FH=7I@=9F9B %) A9= CD9B <I=G G5@CBG 9B N5?9@=>?9 F9@5H=9G Kddg YZ deZc^c\ de '% bVVgi o^_c eVgi^Xja^ZgZc kVc ]VgiZ lZa`db :Zc aZj`Z bd\Za^_`]Z^Y db Vah eVgi^Xja^Zg `Zcc^h iZ bV`Zc bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh! bZi ZZc aZo^c\ kVc G^X]VgY kVc CZhhZc dkZg kîVaîZî Vah WVh^h kVc \ZodcY]Z^Y# =^Zg^c \VVi ]^_ ^c de kîVaîZî Zc kdZY^c\! kîVaîZî Zc ]j^Y Zc kîVaîZî Zc V[kVaaZc# Dd` `jci j kZghX]âaZcYZ \gVi^h WZ]VcYZa^c\Zc dcYZg\VVc Zc o^_c Zg YZoZ YV\ kZghX]âaZcYZ ldg`h]deh iZ kda\Zc# CZZb dd` ZZc `^_`_Z ^c YZ BdWâZ HeV Zc cZZb YZZa VVc kZghX]âaZcYZ VXi^kîZîZc# Kddg YZ deZc^c\ de &* bZ^ o^_c egd[Zhh^dcVah jî\ZcdY^\Y# OdlZa YZ heZX^Va^hiZc Y^Z gZZYh lZg`Zc bZi G>:H bVVg dd` kddg dch c^ZjlZ hX]ddc]Z^YhheZX^Va^hiZc! ]j^Yi]ZgVeZjiZc! eZY^XjgZh Y^Z `Zcc^h lâaZc bV`Zc bZi G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh o^_c lZa`db# I^_YZch YZoZ deZc YV\ oVa G^X]VgY kVc CZhhZc ZZc aZo^c\ \ZkZc Zc ojaaZc Zg kZghX]âaZcYZ ldg`h]deh Zc YZbdchigVi^Zh iZ kda\Zc o^_c# >c ]Zi kda\ZcYZ G>:H BV\Vo^cZ oVa YZ XdbeaZiZ V\ZcYV hiVVc# BVVg gZhZgkZZg &* bZ^ VakVhi ^c _Z V\ZcYV

7c`cZcb =Zi G>:H BV\Vo^cZ ^h ZZc `lVgiVVajî\VkZ kVc/ F=9G 7cgaYh]Wg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca lll#g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca %'+ (,. %% %:^cYgZYVXi^Z/ F]W\UfX jUb BYggYb G>:H 8dhbZi^Xh ;did\gVÄ Z/ Fcb Fih[Yfg ;did 8dcXZei lll#[did"XdcXZei#ca Kdgb\Zk^c\/ 8]f_ 6cg Bjai^8den 6gc]Zb lll#bjai^Xden#ca$Vgc]Zb 9gj`lZg`/ Ai`h]7cdm 5fb\Ya lll#bjai^Xden#ca$Vgc]Zb 6Vc Yî cjbbZg lZgìZc bZZ/ Idc 6\iZgWZg\! @ZZh =VV`hbVc! :hi]Zg ?VchZc! HZaZcZ AZci_Zh! B^gVcYV C^_kZaY! E^Zi GZ\cZgjh! Gdc Gji\Zgh! A^cYV Gji\Zgh"HX]dZgh! 9Zb^ HZîoVb! GZbd HeZ^_Zgh! BVg^hhV KVhiZgY Zc L^b LâbZgh# DeaV\Z/ '#*%% \ZYgjìZ ZmZbeaVgZc &%%#%%% Y^\îVaZ ZmZbeaVgZc

89 7IFGIG ºNC 6=BB9B NC 6I=H9B» KCF8H ;9;9J9B =B CBG HF5=B=B;G79BHFIA =B 89 GH99; CD.

N5H9F85; %- A55FH &$%*

J^i\VkZ/ '%&*"' " YZXZbWZg

J5B %$"$$ ¶ %'"'$ IIF

CC? 99B 56CBB9A9BH CD F=9G A5;5N=B93 L^ai j G>:H BV\Vo^cZ a^ZkZg »]VgYXden¼ dcikVc\Zc! ldgYi YVc VWdccZZ kddg bVVg &,!*% eZg _VVg# 9Vc dcikVc\i j ) m eZg _VVg G>:H BV\Vo^cZ ^c YZ Wg^ZkZcWjh BV^a jl VYgZh\Z\ZkZch cVVg ^c[d5g^ZhXdhbZi^XV#ca dcYZg kZgbZaY^c\ kVc VWdccZZ G>:H bV\Vo^cZ#

NATURAL COSMETICS