إدارة الاجتماعات

ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

ϡϼϋϺϟ ΔϴΑήόϟ΍

ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍

(ωΎόη) ϲϤϠόϟ΍

ϞϳήΑ΃

ΓήϫΎϘϟ΍

(ϥΎδϴϧ)

ω.ϡ.Ν

˺̂​̂̀

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Γέ΍Ω·

www.edara.com

ΕΎΑΎ˰˰˰˰˰Ο·ϭ ΔϠ˰˰˰Όγ΃ ήϠΘΑ Ύϓ΃ :ϒϴϟ΄Η ˮΎ˰ϫΪϘόΗ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ϚΘϛήη ϮϔχϮϣ ΏήϬϳ Ϟϫ ΕΎϳέϮϣ΄Ϥϟ΍ ϭ ΔϠΟΎόϟ΍ ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϕϼΘΧ΍ ϰϠϋ ϥϮλήΤϳ Ϟϫ ˮωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯ΪΑ Ζϗϭ βϔϧ ϲϓ ΔΌΟΎϔϤϟ΍ ϡ΃ ˮωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ϲϓ ΎϬΘϳΎϏ ϚΘϛήη ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ϖϘΤΗ Ϟϫ ˮΔϴθϣΎϫ Ϟ΋Ύδϣ ϝϮΣ ΕΎθϗΎϨϣ ϲϓ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζϗϭ ρήϔϨϳ ˮϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϩΎΒΘϧ΍ ΏάΟ ΕϻϭΎΤϣ ϞθϔΗ Ϟϫ ϒ˰θϛϭ Ϧ˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ϊ˰ϳήϘΘϟ Δ˰λήϓ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ήΒ˰˰ΘόΗ Ϟϫ Ύ˰˰ϫήΒΘόΗ ϡ΃ ˮϊ˰˰˰ϴϤΠϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ϊϤ˰δϣϭ ϯ΃ή˰ϣ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ϣϫ˯Ύ˰τΧ΃ ˮΔϴϋϮοϮϤΑ ΎϬόϣ ϞϣΎόΘϟ΍ϭ ˯ΎτΧϷ΍ ϩάϫ ΢ϴΤμΘϟ Δλήϓ ˮΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΍ΫΎϤϟ ˬΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϳήϳΪϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ήϴ˰˰˰Μϛ ήΒ˰Θόϳ ϥ΃ ˬΐ˰Πϋ ϻ ΪϘόϳ ΎϬϨϣ ΪϳΰϤϓ ϚϟΫ ϊϣϭ .Δϛήθϟ΍ ΖϗϮϟ ΎόϴϴπΗ ˬΎϬϋ΍Ϯϧ΄Α ˮ΍ΫΎϤϠϓ .ϡϮϳ Ϟϛ ς˰˰ϴτΨΘϟ΍ ΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΎϬ˰˰Ϩϣ ˭ΓΪ˰˰ϳΪϋ ω΍Ϯ˰˰˰ϧ΃ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ϭ ˯΍ΩϷ΍ Ϣ˰ϴϴϘΗϭ Δ˰όΟ΍ήϤϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ϭ Ϟ˰Ϥόϟ΍ϭ Ε΍έ΍ή˰Ϙϟ΍ Δ˰ϋΎϨλ ΕΎ˰ϴϠϤϋ Ζ˰ϴϘΑ Ύ˰˰ϤϟΎσϭ ˬέ΍ήϘϟ΍ ΔϋΎϨλ ϰϘΒΘ˰γ ΕΎϛή˰θϟ΍ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω ˯΍ΩϷ΍ Ϣ˰˰ϴϴϘΗϭ ΔόΑΎΘϤϟ΍ϭ ςϴτΨΘϟ΍ϭ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍

Δϔ΋΍ΰϟ΍ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰ϔ΋΍ΰϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ϭ Δ˰ϟΎόϔϟ΍ ΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϦϴΑ ΰϴϤϧ ϒϴϛ ˮϡϮϳ Ϟϛ ΪϘόΗ ϲΘϟ΍ Γέ΍ΩϹ΍ Ϫ˰˰ϴϓ ϊ˰˰˰ϤΠΗ Ζ˰ϗϭ ϰ˰ϟ· ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝϮ˰ΤΘΗ Ύ˰ϤϨϴΣ Ϧ˰ϣ ϩΰ˰ΠϨΗ Ύ˰ϤΑ ήΧΎ˰ϔΘΘϟ ϭ΃ ΎϬ˰δϔϧ ΡΪ˰˰ΘϤΘϟ Δϛήθϟ΍ ϲϔχϮϣ

ΔϴόϣΎΠϟ΍ ΙΎΤΑϷ΍ϭ Ϟ΋Ύγήϟ΍ϭ ΔϓΎΤμϟ΍ ϲϓ ΕΎϔτΘϘϤϟ΍ϭ Δόϳήδϟ΍ Ε΍έΎηϹ΍ ϪϨϣ ϰϨΜΘδΗϭ ϊϳίϮΘϟ΍ ν΍ήϏϷ ϞϘϨϟ΍ϭ ήϳϮμΘϟ΍ :ήψΤϟ΍ ϞϤθϳϭ ήηΎϨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϲΑΎΘϛ ϥΫ· ϥϭΪΑ ΓήθϨϟ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ϱ΃ ϞϘϧ ϊϨϤϳ :ήηΎϨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήϳάΤΗ

Δϛήθϟ΍ έ΍Ϊλ·

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

˯Ύ˰˰ϨΛ΃ Ϫ˰˰ϠόϔΗ Ύ˰˰˰Ϥϋ Δ˰ϴϤϫ΃ Ϟ˰Ϙϳ ϻ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϟ˰Βϗ Ϫ˰ϠόϔΗ Ύ˰ϣ Ϊ˰ϤΘόϳ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰˰ϋΎϗ ϞΧ΍Ω ΙΪΤϳ Ύϣ ϥ΃ ϞΑ ˬωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϊ˰ϗ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϟ˰Βϗ Ϫ˰˰ϠόϔΗ Ύϣ ϥΫ· ϪϘΒδϳ ϱάϟ΍ ήϴπΤΘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϞΧ΍Ω ϪϠόϔΗ ΎϤϣ Ϣϫ΃ ϥϮϜϳ

ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎϤϋ΃ ϝϭΪΟ ΍ΫΎ˰ϣϭ ˬϪ˰ττΧ΃ ϒ˰ϴϛϭ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎϤϋ΃ ϝϭΪΟ ϥϮϜΘϳ ΎϤϣ ˮϪΑ Ϟόϓ΃ ΎϤϛ ˬϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔΣϭήτϤϟ΍ ΕΎϋϮοϮϤϟ΍ ϪϠΧ΍Ω ΩΪΤΘϳ ϞπϓϷ΍ Ϧϣ .ωϮοϮϣ Ϟϛ ΚΤΑ ϪϗήϐΘδϳ ϱάϟ΍ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ΩΪΤϳ ΓΎϋ΍ήϣϭ ˬΕΎϋϮοϮϤϠϟ ϲϘτϨϤϟ΍ ΐϴΗήΘϠϟ ΎόΒΗ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ϢϴδϘΗ ωϮοϮϤϟ΍ νήόϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ˺˹) :ϼΜϣ ϲϠϳ ΎϤϛ ˬϞϴλΎϔΘϟ΍ Ϟϛ -Ε΍έΎδϔΘγϻ΍ϭ ΔϠΌγϷ΍ ωΎϤδϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ˺˹ -ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΕΎ˰˰Σ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ ωΎϤδϟ ΔϘϴϗΩ ˺˾ -ΔϠΌγϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ΩήϠϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ˺˹ .(ϲ΋ΎϬϨϟ΍ έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϕΎϔΗϼϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ˾ -ΕϼϳΪόΘϟ΍ϭ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎ˰Ϥϋ΃ ϝϭΪ˰Ο Ϧ˰ϣ Φ˰δϧ ϝΎγέ΍ ΐΠϳ :ΔχϮΤϠϣ .ΔόϗϮΘϤϟ΍ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ήϴγ ΔϘϳήτΑ ϢϬϣϼϋϹ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϞϜϟ

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϙΎϨϫ ϞϬϓ ˬωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΪϘόϟ ΎϋΎδΗ΍ ΕΎϋΎϘϟ΍ ήΜϛ΃ έΎΘΨϧ ϦΤϧ ˮωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ έΎϴΘΧϻ ϯήΧ΃ βϴϳΎϘϣ ΔϋΎϗ ϰϠϋ ΔϳϮϴΤϟ΍ϭ Δϗ΍ήΒϟ΍ ϥ΍ϮϟϷ΍ ξόΑ ϲϔπΗ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎΣ Δ˰˰ϴόϴΒτϟ΍ ήχΎ˰˰ϨϤϟ΍ϭ έϮ˰˰˰μϟ΍ ϖ˰ϴϠόΘΑ Ϛ˰ϟΫϭ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ύπϳ΃ ϚϨϜϤϳ .Γ˯ΎοϹ΍ ΕΎόϳίϮΗϭ ϒΠϨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΔΑ΍άΟ ω΍Ϯϧ΃ϭ ΏΎϴ˰˰δϧϻ ΕϮ˰˰λ ΕΎϋΎϤ˰˰δΑ ωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϥΎ˰˰Ϝϣ Ωϭΰ˰˰Η ϥ΃ ϰΘ˰˰θΑ ϝϭΎΣ .ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘϓ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ϭ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϞΒϗ ϰϘϴγϮϤϟ΍ ϦϛΎϣϷ΍ ϥϷ ˬϥΎϜϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔϳϮϴΤϟ΍ ξόΑ ϲϔπΗ ϥ΃ ϕήτϟ΍ .ϱέΎϜΘΑϻ΍ ήϴϜϔΘϟ΍ ΐΠΤΗϭ ΏΎΌΘϛϻ΍ ήϴΜΗ ΔΒϴΌϜϟ΍

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΕΎϴϠϘϋ

˻

Ϧ˰ϴΣ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯Ύ˰ϨΛ΃ Δ˰ψΤϟ ϲΗ΄˰˰Η ˬωΎϤΘΟϼϟ ΕΩΪϋ΃ ΎϤϬϣ ϊϴτΘ˰˰γ΃ ϻϭ Ϫ˰˰όϗϮΗ΃ ϻ ϻ΍Ά˰˰γ ϦϳήοΎ˰˰˰Τϟ΍ Ϊ˰Σ΃ ϲϨϟ΄˰δϳ Δ˰ϋΎϗ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω .ώϟΎ˰Α Νή˰˰ΤΑ ήόη΃ ϲϨϠόΠϳ ΎϤϣ ˬϪϴϠϋ ΔΑΎΟϹ΍ ϲ˰ϨϫΫ ϲ˰ϓ Δ˰ΑΎΟ· Ϧ˰˰ϋ ΚΤΑ΍ ϥ΃ ΍ΪϫΎΟ ϝϭΎΣ΃ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϧΈ˰ϓ ϖ΋Ύ˰ϗΪΑ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ξ˰ϔϨϳ ϥ΃ Ϊ˰όΑ Ύ˰ϣ΃ .ϖ˰˰ϓϭ΍ ϻ ϲϨϜϟ Ϟ˰ϜΑϭ ˬϖ΋Ύ˰ϗΩ ά˰Ϩϣ ΔϠϴΤΘ˰˰δϣ ΖϧΎϛ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔΑΎΟϹ΍ ΪΟ΃ ϲϧΪΟ΃ ˬϡϼ˰Ϝϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϋ ϲϧΎ˰˰δϟ ϚδϤϳϭ ϱήϴϜϔΗ Ϟθϳ ϱάϟ΍ ΎϤϓ .ΔϟϮϬγ ˮΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϞΧ΍Ω ϲ˰ϓ .ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲ˰˰ϓ ϦϴϛέΎθϤϟ΍ Ϣψόϣ ΐϴμΗ ϝΎΤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϲ˰˰ϓ Ϧ˰˰Ϝϟ ˬΓή˰˰˰ϜΘΒϣ ϻϮ˰ϠΣ ϡΪ˰ϘΗ Ύ˰ϣ ΍ήϴ˰Μϛ Δ˰ϴϠϤόϟ΍ ϚΗΎ˰ϴΣ Ϧ˰ϣ ήϴ˰Μϛ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϟΫ .Ϟ˰Ϥόϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϋ Ϛ˰˰ϠϘϋ ϒϗϮΘϳ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϖ˰˰˰ϓΪΘΑ ΢Ϥ˰δΗ Δ˰Ϩϴόϣ ϑϭή˰χ ή˰ϓϮΘϟ ϥϮΟΎ˰ΘΤϳ Ϧ˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ .ϦϳήΧϵ΍ ϊϣ ϢϴϠδϟ΍ Ϟλ΍ϮΘϟ΍ϭ έΎϜϓϷ΍ ϻ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ΕΎ˰μϧϹ΍ϭ αϮ˰˰ϠΠϟ΍ ϥ΄Α ήϘϧ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳ .ΕΎϴμΨθϟ΍ Ϟϛ Ϣ΋ϼϳ

ΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΢ΒμΗ ΎϤϨϴΣ .Δϔ΋΍ί ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΢ΒμΗ ˬϝΎϤϋ΃ ΐ˰ϴϋϻ΃ Δ˰γέΎϤϤϟ ιή˰˰ϓ ϭ΃ ˬΏΎϘόϟ΍ϭ ΏΎΘόϠϟ Ζϗϭ ΩήΠϣ ΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ .Δ˰˰˰ϔ΋΍ί ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ϲϬ˰ϓ ˬΔ˰ϴϠΧ΍Ϊϟ΍ Δ˰γΎϴδϟ΍ ήϴΛ΄˰Θϟ΍ Ϯ˰ϫ ϲ˰γΎγϷ΍ ΎϬ˰˰οήϐϓ ˬϞϤόϟ΍ Ζϗϭ ϊϴπΗ Δϔ΋΍ΰϟ΍ ήϴΛ΄˰Η ϱ΃ ΎϬ˰ϟ ϥϮ˰˰Ϝϳ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ˬΔϛήθϠϟ ΔϴϠΧ΍Ϊϟ΍ ΔγΎϴδϟ΍ ϲϓ ϞϜ˰˰θΑ Δ˰˰˰ϴΟΎΘϧϹ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ή˰ΛΆΗ Ϟ˰Α .Δ˰ϴΟΎΘϧϹ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϲΑΎ˰Πϳ· ϲ˰ϓ -ϥϮϤ˰δϘϳ Ϣ˰ϫϭ ϥϮ˰όϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΎϬ˰Ϩϣ Νή˰Ψϳ Κ˰˰ϴΣ ˬϲΒϠγ .ϯή˰Χ΃ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΍ϭή˰πΤϳ Ϧ˰ϟ ϢϬ˰˰ϧ΃- ΔϴϠΧ΍Ϊϟ΍ ϢϬΗήϳήγ Δ˰˰˰Τ΋΍έ Ϣ˰θΗ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϨϜϤϳ ˬΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰ϋΎϗ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω ϙΎϨϬ˰ϓ ϩά˰ϫϭ .ϦϳήοΎ˰Τϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ήτϴδΗ Ϧ΋Ύϐπϟ΍ ϯήΗ ϥ΃ϭ ήΗϮΘϟ΍ .ΞΘϨϤϟ΍ ϞϤόϠϟ ΔΤϟΎλ ΔΌϴΑ Ζδϴϟ

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϰϨόϣ Ϊ˰˰ϘόΗ ϲ˰˰Θϟ΍ ΕΎϛή˰θϟ΍ ϑϼΘΧΎ˰Α ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϒ˰ϠΘΨΗ Ϟ˰ϫ ˮϥΎϣίϭ ϥΎϜϣ Ϟϛ ϲϓ ΎϬδϔϧ ϲϫ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϥ΃ ϡ΃ .ΎϬϠΧ΍Ω ϞϣΎ˰˰όΗ Δ˰˰Ϙϳήσϭ Δϛή˰˰θϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϓΎϘΛ Ϧ˰˰˰ϋ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ήΒ˰όΗ β˰˰ϜόΗ ϲ˰˰ϫϭ .Γέ΍ΩϹ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϴΑϭ ϢϬ˰˰ϨϴΑ Δ˰˰˰ϗϼόϟ΍ϭ Ϧ˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϴϧϭΎόΗ ϲϫ Ϟϫ ˬΔϛήθϟ΍ ϞΧ΍Ω ϞϤόϟ΍ ΎϬΑ ϢΘϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϘϳήτϟ΍ Ϣ˰δϗ Ϟ˰ϛ ΩήϔΗ ϰϠϋ ϡϮϘΗ ΔϳΩ΍ΪΒΘγ΍ ϡ΃ ˬΔϛέΎθϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϡϮϘΗ ϥ΃ ϰ˰ϨόϤΑ ˬΔ˰ϴϓϼΧ ϡ΃ ˬϪ˰ϠϤϋ ΏϮϠ˰γ΄Αϭ Ϫ˰ϳ΃ήΑ ή˰˰ϳΪϣ Ϟϛϭ .ϯήΧϷ΍ ϡΎδϗϸϟ ϼ ˱ θϓ ήΒΘόϳ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ΪΣ΃ ΡΎΠϧ .ϚΘϛή˰η ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ Δ˰ϋΎϗ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω έϭΪ˰ϳ Ύϣ ϰϠϋ Γήψϧ ϖϟ΍ ˮϯήΗ ΍ΫΎϣ

Ϊ΋ΎϘϟ΍ ΔϴϟϮΌδϣ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ωήϓ ϰϠϋ ϒϗϮΘΗ ϻϭ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟϛ ΔϴϟϮΌδϣ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ήϴγ νή˰˰ϐϟ΍ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϖϘΤϳ Ϣϟ ΍Ϋ·ϭ .ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ϥΎϛ Ϯϟ ϰΘΣ ΪΣ΍ϭ Ζδϴϟϭ ˬϢϬϠϛ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΔϴϟϮΌδϣ ϚϠΘϓ ˬϪϠΟ΃ Ϧϣ ΪϘϋ ϱάϟ΍ ˮϚϳ΃έ Ύϣ .ϩΪΣϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΔϴϟϮΌδϣ ϥϮΟΎ˰ΘΤϳ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ ϢϬΤϟΎμϣ ϦϳΎΒΘΗϭ Ω΍ήϓϷ΍ ρΎϤϧ΃ ϒϠΘΨΗ ΓΪ˰Σ΍ϭ Δ˰˰ϘΗϮΑ ϞΧ΍Ω ϢϬϨϋ έΪμϳ Ύϣ Ϟϛ ήϬλ ϊϴτΘδϳ ϦϤϟ Ϊ΋Ύ˰ϗ ϯϮ˰γ Ϛ˰ϟΫ ϊϴτΘ˰δϳ ϻϭ .Ϊ˰ΣϮϣ ϩΎ˰ΠΗ΍ ϲϓ ϢϬϬϴΟϮΗϭ ϡϮϠϟ΍ ϥΈϓ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΪΣ΃ Ϟθϓ ΍Ϋ· ˬϡϮϤόϟ΍ ϰϠϋ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϣ˰ϟ ΍Ϋ·ϭ .Ύ˰˰ϫΪ΋Ύϗϭ Δϛήθϟ΍ ήϳΪϣ ϯϮγ Ϫϴϟ· ΐϫάϳ Ϧϣ ΪΠϳ ϻ ϚϟΎ˰˰Α ΎϤϓ ΓΩΪΤϣ ΔϳΎϏ ϮΤϧ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ήϳΪϳ ϥ΃ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ϊτΘδϳ ˮϞϜϛ Δϛήθϟ΍ Γέ΍ΩΈΑ ϰ˰˰˰ϟ· ϢϬ˰˰˰˰όϓΪΗ ϥ΃ϭ ϦϴϛέΎ˰˰θϤϟ΍ ΰ˰˰ϔΤΗ ϥ΃ ή˰˰ϳΪϤϛ Ϛ˰˰ϴϠϋ ΎϬ˰˰Α ϡϮ˰˰˰Ϙϳ Δ˰ϔϴχϭ ΐ˰όλ΃ ϲ˰ϫ Ϛ˰ϠΗϭ .Δ˰ϴϠϋΎϔΑ ΔϛέΎ˰θϤϟ΍ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϞΧ΍Ω ϩΩήϔϤΑ κΨη ϕήσ Ϛϴϟ· .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΪϘϋ ΏϮϠγ΃ ήϴϴϐΘϟ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ϥΎΣ ΪϘϟ :ϚϟΫ ϖϴϘΤΗ

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϼϟ ήϴπΤΘϟ΍ ˬΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰ϋΎϗ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω Ϣ˰Θϳ Ύ˰˰ϣ Ϯϫ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϓ Ύϣ Ϣϫ΃ ˮήΧ΁ ϱ΃έ ϚϳΪϟ ϞϬϓ .ήϴπΤΗ ϰϟ· ΝΎΘΤϳ ϻ ΍άϫ

ήϴϬτΘϟ΍ ˯Ύ˰˰Βϋ΄Α ϝΎ˰˰Βϟ΍ ϲϟϮϐ˰˰˰θϣ Γή˰ΠΤϟ΍ ϥϮ˰ϔχϮϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰ΧΩ Ύ˰ϣ ΍Ϋ· ϲ˰˰˰ϓ Δ˰ϟΎόϓ ΔϛέΎ˰θϣ ϢϬ˰Ϩϣ ϊ˰ϗϮΘΗ ϼ˰ϓ ˬΔ˰ϴϠ΋Ύϋ ϭ΃ ΔϴμΨ˰η ΕΎ˰ϋϮοϮϣ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϥϭΰ˰ϛήϳ ϢϬ˰˰ϠόΟϷ Ϟόϓ΃ ΍ΫΎϣ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˮωΎϤΘΟϻ΍

Δ˰˰γέΪϣ ϥϮϤ˰˰δϳ ΍ϮϧΎ˰˰ϛ Δ˰˰˰ϤϳΪϘϟ΍ Δ˰ϴϧΎϧϮϴϟ΍ ΓέΎ˰πΤϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ Δ˰˰˰ΒϠτϟ΍ ϥϷ ˬΔϴ΋Ύ˰˰˰θϤϟ΍ Δ˰˰˰˰γέΪϤϟΎΑ Δϴϔ˰˰δϠϔϟ΍ "Ϯτ˰˰γέ΃" ϲ˰˰ϓ ϥϮ˰θϤϳ Ϣ˰ϫϭ ΍Ϯ˰θϗΎϨΘϳϭ ΍ϭήοΎ˰Τϳ ΍ϮϧΎ˰ϛ Ϧϴ˰γέΪϤϟ΍ϭ ϥϭΪΑ ˬϊδΘϣ ϮϬΑ Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ ΖϧΎϛ ϲΘϟ΍ ˬΕ΍ήοΎΤϤϟ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ΰ˰ϔΤϳϭ έΎ˰ϜϓϷ΍ Ϊ˰ϟϮϳ ϲ˰θϤϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϥϭΪ˰ϘΘόϳ ΍ϮϧΎ˰˰ϛϭ .ϲγ΍ήϛ .ϞδϜϠϟ ϞϘόϟ΍ ϊϓΪϳ αϮϠΠϟ΍ ΎϤϨϴΑ ˬω΍ΪΑϹ΍ ϰϠϋ ϞϘόϟ΍ :ϲΗϵΎϛ ϢϬΗΎϔμϟ ΎόΒΗ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΕΎϴϠϘϋ ϢϴδϘΗ ΎϨϨϜϤϳ ϡ΍ΪΨΘ˰γΎΑ Ϟπϓ΃ ϥϭήϜϔϳ Ϧϣ Ϣϫϭ :ΔϴϤϗήϟ΍ ΔϴϠϘόϟ΍ (˺) .Ζ˰ΤΒϟ΍ Ωή˰ΠϤϟ΍ ήϴ˰˰ϜϔΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϥϭήϔϨϳϭ ˬΕΎΑΎδΤϟ΍ϭ ϡΎϗέϷ΍ .ΕΎϧέΎϘϣϭ ΕΎϴ΋ΎμΣ·ϭ ϡΎϗέ΃ Ϧϣ ϪϧϮΟΎΘΤϳ Ύϣ ˯ϻΆϬϟ ήϓϭ

Ύ˰˰ϣ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ϢϬϟϮϘϋ ΔΣ΍έΈΑ ϦϴϔχϮϤϠϟ ΢ϤδΗ ΔϘϳήσ ήϴϬτΘϟ΍ Ϣ˰˰ϟ ΍Ϋ· Ϟπϓ΃ ϝϮϠΤϟ ϥϮϠλϮΘϳ Ϧϣ :ΔΘΤΒϟ΍ ΔϴϠϘόϟ΍ (˻) .ς˰˰Ϙϓ ωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϰ˰˰˰Ϡϋ ΰϴ˰ϛήΘϟ΍ϭ ˬωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϟ˰Βϗ ϢϬϠϐ˰θϳ Ρή˰˰˰θϟ΍ ϢϬ˰όϣ ϡΪΨΘ˰δΗ ϥ΃ ΐ˰δϧϷ΍ Ϧ˰ϣϭ .ϡΎ˰ϗέϷΎΑ ϢϬ˰ϠϘΜΗ Ϧϋ ϒχϮϣ Ϟϛ ϝ΄γ΍ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δϳ΍ΪΑ ϲϓ ήϴϬτΘϟ΍ ϡΪΨΘδϳϭ .ϱήψϨϟ΍ ϥϭΩϭ ˬΔϋή˰˰δΑ Ϛ˰˰˰ϟΫ Ϣ˰Θϳ ϥ΃ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ˬϪΗή˰γ΃ Ϧ˰ϋϭ Ϫ˰ϟ΍ϮΣ΃ ΍ϮόϤ˰˰δϳ ϥ΃ ϥϮ˰˰ΒΤϳ ˯ϻΆ˰˰˰ϫϭ :ΔϴϋΎϤ˰δϟ΍ Δ˰ϴϠϘόϟ΍ (˼) Ϊ˰όΑ .ϢϬ˰˰ϧΎϫΫ΃ ήϴϬτΘϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ βϤΧ ϦϴϛέΎθϤϟ΍ ΢Ϩϣ΍ .ϊϨμΗ ϢϬϟ ήϓϭ .ήϳέΎϘΗϭ ϕ΍έϭ΃ Ϧϣ ϢϬϴϟ· ϞγήΗ Ύϣ ϥϮϠϤϬϳϭ ˬϚϨϣ Ϣ˰˰Λ ˬ"ˮϥϵ΍ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ΃Ϊ˰Βϧ Ϟ˰ϫ" :Ϟ˰ϜϠϟ Ϛ˰ΜϳΪΣ Ϫ˰Οϭ Ϛ˰ϟΫ Ϟ˰˰˰Ϝϟ Ϣ˰ϫϮϋΪΗ ϥ΄˰Α ˬϪ˰ϴϟ· ϥϮΟΎ˰ΘΤϳ Ύ˰ϣ Δ˰˰˰˰ϣϼϋ ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ Ϟ˰˰μΤΗ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎ˰˰Σ .ϩΪϘόΗ ωΎϤΘΟ΍ ήψϨϟΎ˰Α ˬϙέΎ˰θϣ Ϟ˰ϛ Ϧϣ ΔϘϓ΍ϮϤϟΎΑ ΕΪ˰Οϭ ΍Ϋ· .΍Ωή˰ϓ ΍Ωή˰ϓ ϢϬ˰˰ϧϮϴϋ ϲϓ ϥϮ˰˰˰˰Ϡπϔϳ :Δ˰˰ϳήμΒϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϴϠϘόϟ΍ (˽) ΖϔϟΎ˰ϓ ˬϪ˰ΒΘϨϣ ήϴ˰˰Ϗ ϦϴϛέΎθϤϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ΕΎϛή˰θϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ Ύϫήϴϐϛ - ΎϨΘϛήη Εήϣ ΔϠγήϤϟ΍ ϕ΍έϭϷ΍ϭ ήϳέΎϘΘϟ΍ ϊϣ ϞϣΎόΘϟ΍ Γή˰ϣ ϝ΍Ά˰δϟ΍ βϔϧ Ϫϴϟ· ϪΟϭϭ ϩήψϧ ϲ˰ϓ Ζ˰ϛήΗ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ ΐϋΎ˰˰μϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪόΑ ϲ˰ϓ ϢϬ˰Ϩϣ ΪϔΘ˰˰δΘϟ .ωΎϤδϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΃ ϢϬϟ .ϯήΧ΃ Ε΍ΪϨΘ˰˰˰δϤϟ΍ ϢϬ˰˰˰˰ϴϠϋ ωίϭ ˬωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

Ϫ˰δϔϧ ϡΪ˰Ϙϳ ϒ˰˰χϮϣ Ϟϛ ϞόΟ΍ .ϢϬπόΑ ϥϮϓήόϳ ϦϳήοΎΤϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ϢϬ˰˰˰ϳΪϟ Ύ˰ϣ ϥϮ˰ϣΪϘϳ ϻ ϥϮϔχϮϤϟΎ˰ϓ .Ϧ˰ϳήΧ϶ϟ Ϫ˰ΗϮμΑ Δ˰˰ϋΎϗ ϲ˰˰ϓ ˯Ύ˰˰ΑήϏ ΩϮ˰˰˰ΟϮΑ ΍Ϯ˰δΣ΃ ΍Ϋ· έΎ˰Ϝϓ΃ϭ ΕΎ˰Σ΍ήΘϗ΍ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍

ΓΪϳΪΟ Δϳ΍ΪΑ

ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ξόΑ ϑήμΘϳ Ύϣ ΍ήϴΜϛ Δ˰˰ϋΎϗ Ϟ˰˰Χ΍Ω Δ˰˰Ϙ΋ϻ ήϴ˰˰˰Ϗ Δ˰ϘϳήτΑ ϦϳήΧ΄˰Θϣ ϥϭήπΤϴϓ ˬΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϣ˰˰˰˰ϫ˯ϼϣί Κ˰˰˰˰ϳΪΣ ϥϮόσΎ˰˰˰Ϙϳ ϭ΃ Ϧ˰˰˰˰˰ϳήΧϵ΍ ΕΎ˰˰˰Σ΍ήΘϗ΍ ϥϭΪ˰˰˰ϘΘϨϳϭ ϲ˰˰ϓ ϥϮϜΒΘ˰˰˰θϳ ϭ΃ ΎϬ˰Ϩϣ ϥϭήΨ˰δϳϭ ϡΎ˰˰˰˰ϤΘϫ΍ ϥϭΩ ˬΔ˰˰˰˰ϴΒϧΎΟ ΚϳΩΎ˰˰˰˰Σ΃ ϩά˰˰˰ϫ Ϟ˰Μϣ ϒ˰ϗϭ΃ ϒ˰ϴϛ .ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻΎΑ ˮΕΎϓήμΘϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϟϮΒϘϣ Ϊ˰˰ϋ΍Ϯϗ ϚΗΎ˰˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ ϊ˰ο Εέή˰˰ϗ ΍Ϋ·ϭ .ϥϭήοΎ˰Τϟ΍ ΎϬ˰ϣήΘΤϳ - ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΏϮϠγ΃ϭ Ϊϋ΍Ϯϗ ήϴϴϐΗ - ϼ˰Μϣ ˬΔ˰˰λϼΨϟ΍ ϩάϬϟ ϚΗ˯΍ήϗ ΪόΑ Ε΍ήϴϐΘϟΎΑ ϦϴϛέΎθϤϟ΍ ϢϠόΗ ϥ΃ ϚϴϠϋ Εήϴ˰Ϗ ΍Ϋ· Ϛ˰ϧϷ .Δ˰ϴϓΎϛ ΓήΘ˰˰ϔΑ ΎϬϠΒϗ ϢϬ˰˰˰˰ϧΈϓ ˬϢϬ˰˰˰ϬΒϨΗ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ϚΑϮϠ˰˰˰γ΃ ΍ήϴ˰δϔΗ Δ˰˰ΛΩΎΤϟ΍ Ε΍ήϴϴϐΘϟ΍ ϥϭήδϔϳ Ρήη΍ .ϞϤόϟ΍ ΢ϟΎλ ήϴϏ ϲϓ ΎΌσΎΧ έϭΩ ή˰˰δϓϭ ήϴ˰ϐΘϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ Ϊ˰μϘϟ΍ ϢϬ˰ϟ ΎΌϴ˰˰˰η ϙήΘ˰Η ϻϭ ˬΪ˰ϳΪΟ ˯΍ή˰Ο· Ϟ˰ϛ .ϲμΨθϟ΍ ϢϫήϳΪϘΘϟ

ΕΎϘϠόϤϟ΍

˯Ύ˰˰πϴΑ Ύ˰ϗ΍έϭ΃ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ωίϭ Ι΍Ϊ˰˰ΣϷ΍ ΐΘϜϳ ϥ΃ Ωήϓ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ΐϠσ΍ϭ Ϫ˰˰ϠϤϋ ˯Ύ˰˰ϨΛ΃ Ϫ˰˰Α Εή˰˰ϣ ϲ˰˰˰Θϟ΍ ΔΌϴ˰δϟ΍ :Δ˰˰ϗέϭ Ϟ˰ϛ ϰϠϋ΄˰Α ΐ˰Θϛ΍ ϭ΃ .Δϛή˰θϟΎΑ ˬΔϛή˰˰˰θϟ΍ ϲ˰˰ϓ Ϛ˰˰ΒΠόϳ ϻ ϱά˰˰ϟ΍ Ύ˰˰ϣ" "ˮϩήϴϴϐΗ ϰϨϤΘΗϭ Ϧ˰˰Ϥϓ :ϡάϟΎ˰˰˰Α ΡϮϤ˰δϣ ήϴ˰Ϗ :Δ˰χϮΤϠϣ Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ" :Ϣ˰˰˰˰ϫΪΣ΃ ΐ˰˰ΘϜϳ ϥ΃ ΡϮϤ˰˰δϤϟ΍ ϢϫΎ˰ϔΘϟ΍ ˯Ϯ˰γ ˬΔϛή˰˰θϟΎΑ ΔΌϴδϟ΍ ˯ΎϴηϷ΍ ήϴϏ Ϧϣ ϦϜϟ ."ϥϼϓ ϲϠϴϣί ϦϴΑϭ ϲϨϴΑ Δ˰ϘϳήτϟΎΑ ϰ˰˰ϨόϤϟ΍ βϔϧ ΔΑΎΘϛ ΡϮϤδϤϟ΍ ˬΔϛή˰θϟΎΑ ΔΌϴ˰δϟ΍ ˯Ύϴ˰˰ηϷ΍ Ϧϣ" :ΔϴΗϵ΍ ".ϥϼϓ Ϟϴϣΰϟ΍ ˯ΎΒϏ ˯ϼ˰˰ϣΰϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϤϠϛ ΃ή˰ϗ΃ϭ ϕ΍έϭϷ΍ ϊ˰ϤΟ΍ ϝϮ˰˰˰ϠΣ Ϧ˰˰ϋ Κ˰˰ΤΑ΍ϭ ˬϊ˰˰ϴϤΠϟ΍ ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ ήϋΎ˰˰˰θϣ Ϊ˰˰˰˰ϳΪΒΗϭ ΕΎ˰˰ϓϼΨϟ΍ ΔϳϮ˰˰δΘϟ .˯ΎϴΘγϻ΍

Ϟ˰˰˰Τϣ ωϮοϮϤϟΎ˰Α Δ˰λΎΨϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϧΎϴΒϟ΍ϭ ΕΎϣϮγήϟ΍ ξόΑ Ύπϳ΃ ϖϓέ΍ϭ ˬΚΤΒϟ΍ .ΔϴΤϴοϮΘϟ΍ ςΒϬ˰Η ˯ϻΆ˰ϫ :Δ˰˰ϴϛήΤϟ΍ ΔϴϠϘόϟ΍ (˾) αϮ˰˰ϠΠϠϟ ΔΠϴΘϧ ΔϴϧΪΒϟ΍ϭ ΔϴϠϘόϟ΍ ϢϬΗ΍έΪϗ ϥϭήό˰θϴϓ ˬΔ˰ϠϳϮσ Ε΍ήΘ˰˰ϓ ϙ΍ήΣ ϥϭΩ ϸ˰˰ϤΗ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϴϠϋ Ϛ˰ϟάϟ .αΎ˰όϨϟ΍ϭ ϞϠϤϟΎ˰Α ΐϠτΗ ϥ΄ϛ ˬΔϛήΤϟΎΑ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ Ϧ˰ϴΑ ϢϬ˰˰ϨϛΎϣ΃ ΍ϭήϴϐϳ ϥ΃ ϦϴϛέΎθϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ .ήΧϵ΍ϭ ϦϴΤϟ΍ ΐ˰˰Ο΍Ϯϟ΍ ρΎ˰˰ϘϨϟ΍ ξ˰˰όΑ Ύ˰˰˰Ϩοήϋ Ϊ˰Ϙϟ ϥϵ΍ Ύ˰˰˰˰ϣ΃ .ωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϟ˰˰Βϗ ΎϬ˰˰ΗΎϋ΍ήϣ .ϞΧ΍Ϊϟ΍ Ϧϣ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Γέ΍ΩϹ ϞϘΘϨϨϠϓ

ϢϳΪϘΘϟ΍ Ϟ˰ϴϣί Ύ˰ϨϴΗ΄ϳ ήϬ˰η Ϟ˰ϛϭ ΓήϴΒϛ ΎϨΘϛήη Ϧ˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϣ˰˰ψόϣ ϥ΃ Δ˰˰˰ΟέΪϟ ˬΪ˰ϳΪΟ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϲϓ ΔΑήϐϟΎΑ ϥϭήόθϳ Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ ΓΪ˰˰˰ϳΪΠϟ΍ ϩϮ˰˰˰ΟϮϟ΍ ϩά˰˰˰˰ϫ ς˰˰γϭ Ϧ˰˰ϴΑ Ύ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ή˰˰˰ϳΩ΃ ϒ˰ϴϛ .Ϧ˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ˮ˯ΎΑήϏ κΨ˰˰˰η Ϟ˰ϛ ϑή˰όϳ ϥ΃ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ιή˰Σ΍ Ϟ˰Βϗ ˬή˰Χϵ΍ κΨ˰θϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϋΎϘϟΎΑ ΩϮΟϮϣ ϙΎ˰˰˰Ϩϫ ϥΎ˰˰ϛ Ύ˰˰ϣ ΍Ϋ· .ωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰˰ϳ΍ΪΑ ϥ΃ ΍Ϊϛ΄˰Θϣ Ϧ˰ϜΗ Ϣ˰ϟ ΍Ϋ· ϭ΃ ΪϳΪΟ ϒχϮϣ

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

Ϊϋ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϊοϭ

Ϊ˰˰ο ΔϴΒϠ˰˰γ ήϋΎ˰˰˰θϣϭ ΍έΎ˰Λ΃ αϮ˰ϔϨϟ΍ ϰ˰˰˰˰Ϡϋ ˬϞ˰˰Ϥόϟ΍ ˯ϼ˰˰ϣί Ϊ˰˰οϭ Γέ΍ΩϹ΍ ϥ΃ ϭ΃ Ϟ˰˰˰Ϥόϧ ϥ΃ ΐ˰όμϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ .˯΍Ϯ˰δϟ΍ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω Ύ˰ϴΤΗ Ϧ΋Ύ˰˰ϐπϟ΍ϭ ΎϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΃ΪΒϧ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ΐ˰˰ϠϐΘϠϟ ΔϠϴγϭ ϙΎϨϫ Ϟϫ .αϮϔϨϟ΍ ˮΓΪϳΪΟ Δϳ΍ΪΑ ΃ΪΒϨϟ ˬΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ

3

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

:ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΔϐϴμϟΎΑ ΎϬοήϋ ϰϠϋ ϖ˰ϘΤϧ ϰΘΣ ϚϟΫϭ ˬ (ϚΣ΍ήΘϗ΍) ϥ΃ ΡήΘϗ΃ ˬ (νήϐϟ΍) ϲϜϟ .(ΔΠϴΘϨϟ΍) ΕΩ΍ΰ˰ϟ ΔΒ˰γΎϨϤϟ΍ Δ˰ϏΎϴμϟΎΑ ϖΑΎ˰˰δϟ΍ ϚΣ΍ήΘϗ΍ Ζοήϋ ΍ΫΈϓ :ϲΗϵΎϛ ϚϟΫϭ ˬϪΣΎΠϧ ΕϻΎϤΘΣ΍ φϓΎ˰Τϧϭ (Ύ˰Ϩ΋ϼϤϋ ϡΎ˰ϣ΃ ΎϨΘϛή˰η ήϬ˰ψϣ) ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ φϓΎΤϧ ϲϜϟ ϰϠϋ ΓΪϳΪΟ Ϊϋ΍Ϯϗ ϊπϧ) ϥ΃ ΡήΘϗ΃ ˬ(ΎϨϴϔχϮϣ ΔΤλ) ϰϠϋ ΎϬϴ˰˰θϔΗ Ϧ˰˰ϣ Ϊ˰˰Τϧ) ϰ˰˰˰ΘΣ Ϛ˰ϟΫϭ ˬ(ΐΗΎ˰ϜϤϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ Ϧ˰ϴΧΪΘϟ΍ .(ΎόϴϤΟ ϯήϧ ΎϤϛ ΔϛήθϟΎΑ

ήϴ˰Ϗ Δ˰˰ϴΒϧΎΟ έϮϣ΃ ΚΤΑ ϲϓ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζϗϭ ϊϴπϳ Ύϣ ΍ήϴΜϛ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ξόΑ ήμϳϭ ˬωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎϤϋ΃ ϝϭΪΠΑ ΓέϮϛάϣ .ΎϬϨϋ ΔϤϠϜΑ ϦϳήοΎΤϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ϩϮϔΘϳ ϥ΃ ΩήΠϤΑ ΎϬΘθϗΎϨϣ ϰϠϋ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ Ϟ΋Ύ˰δϤϟ΍ Κ˰˰ΤΑ ϥϭΩ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϬΘϨϳ ϥ΃ ΔΠϴΘϨϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ ˮϞϤόϟ΍ Ύϣ .ήϣϷ΍ ϝϭ΃ ϲϓ ΎϬϠΟ΃ Ϧϣ ΪϘϋ ˯Ύ˰ϨΛ΃ ήϬ˰ψϳ Ύ˰˰ϣ Ϟϛ ϞϴΠδΗ ϢΘϳ ΚϴΣ ΕΎϘϠόϤϟ΍ ΔϠγ ϡΪΨΘγ΍ ϙή˰ϣ΍ϭ΃ ς˰ϋ΃ .ϝΎ˰ϤϋϷ΍ ϝϭΪ˰˰Ο ϦϤο ϥϮϜϳ ϻϭ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δϟ΄˰δϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϳϭΪΘΑ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ή˰πΤϣ ϞΠ˰˰δΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΓήϴΗήϜδϠϟ ϢΘϴ˰γ ΕΎ˰ϘϠόϤϟ΍ ϩά˰˰ϫ ϥ΃ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϦΌϤσ .ΕΎϘϠόϤϟ΍ ΪϨΑ ϲϓ ϻ ΏϮϠ˰γϷ΍ ΍άϬ˰Α .ϞϴμϔΘϟΎ˰Α ϡΩΎ˰Ϙϟ΍ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϓ ΎϬΘθϗΎϨϣ .Ϫϟ ςτΨϣ Ϯϫ Ύϣ ήϴϏ ϲϓ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζϗϭ ϊϴπϳ

ΕϻΎϤΘΣϻ΍ ϩά˰ϴϔϨΗ ϲ˰˰ϓ Ύϧ΃ΪΑ ϢΛ ˬΎϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ϲϓ Ύϣ ωϭήθϤϟ ΎϨττΧ ΎϤϠϛ Ύ˰Ϩϋ ΐ˰ϴϐΗ ΍ΫΎ˰Ϥϟ Ϣ˰˰Ϡϋ΃ ϻ .ϥΎΒδΤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϜϳ Ϣϟ Ύϣ ΎϨϟ ήϬψϳ .ΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ ΕϻΎϤΘΣϻ΍ Ϟϛ Δγ΍έΩ Ϛ˰˰ϟΫϭ ˬΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ Ε΍έ΍ήϘϟ΍ϭ ΕϻΎϤΘΣϻ΍ Δγ΍έΪϟ ΎΠϬϨϣ ϊο :ϲΗϵΎϛ .ΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ νήϋ (˺) .ϖ΋ΎϘΤϟ΍ νήϋ (˻) .ΔϴμΨθϟ΍ ˯΍έϵ΍ Ϧϋ ΡΎμϓϹ΍ (˼) .ΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ ΔϴϠϤόϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ϭ Ϟ΋΍ΪΒϟ΍ νήϋ (˽) .ϞΣ Ϟϛ Ύϳ΍ΰϣ ΚΤΑ (˾)

ΖϗϮϟ΍ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎ˰Ϥϋ΃ ϝϭΪΟ ΩϮϨΑ ΪΣ΃ ΔΠϟΎόϣ ϲϓ ωήθϧ ΎϣΪϨϋ ΏήδΘϳϭ ΕΎθϗΎϨϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ξϴϔΘδϧϭ ΎϨδϔϧ΃ ϰδϨϧ ϥ΃ ΚΒϠϧ Ύϣ Ϯ˰ϫ Ύ˰ϣ .ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ΪϨΒϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϞϘΘϨϧ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ΎϨϳΪϳ΃ ϦϴΑ Ϧϣ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ˮϞΤϟ΍ ΓϮ˰τΧ Ϟ˰Ϝϟϭ ωϮ˰οϮϣ Ϟ˰Ϝϟ ΩΪ˰ΤϤϟ΍ Ζ˰˰ϗϮϟ΍ έΪϘΗ ϥ΃ ϞΤϟ΍ ΔϤϬϤΑ ϚΗήϴΗήϜδϟ ΪϬϋ΍ ϢΛ .ωϮοϮϤϟ΍ ΔθϗΎϨϣ Ε΍ϮτΧ Ϧϣ Ϛ˰˰ϣϼϋ·ϭ ΩΪ˰˰˰ΤϤϟ΍ ϲ˰Ϩϣΰϟ΍ ϝϭΪ˰ΠϠϟ Ύ˰ϘΒσ Ζ˰ϗϮϟ΍ Δ˰Βϗ΍ήϣ ϥ΃ ΍Ϊ˰Α ΍Ϋ· .ΕΎ˰ϋϮοϮϤϟ΍ϭ Ε΍ϮτΨϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ϝΎϘΘϧϻ΍ Ϊϴϋ΍ϮϤΑ Ζ˰˰ϗϭ Ϊ˰˰ϣ ΡήΘ˰˰ϗ΍ ˬΖ˰˰˰ϗϮϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ Ϊ˰ϳΰϤϟ ΝΎ˰ΘΤϳ ωϮ˰οϮϤϟ΍ .ϦϴοέΎόϤϟ΍ϭ ϦϴϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯλ΃ άΧϭ ˬωΎϤΘΟϻ΍

.ϞΣ Ϟϛ ΏϮϴϋ ΚΤΑ (˿)

νήόϟ΍

.ϩάϴϔϨΘΑ έ΍ήϘϟ΍ έ΍Ϊλ·ϭ ΐγΎϨϤϟ΍ ϞΤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϕΎϔΗϻ΍ (̀) .ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ωϮοϮϤϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϝΎϘΘϧϻ΍ (́) ˺˹ ϰ˰˰ϟ· ˾ Ϧ˰ϴΑ Ύ˰ϣ ΓϮ˰τΧ Ϟ˰Ϝϟ ΩΪ˰Σ .ϖ΋ΎϗΩ

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

ΔϴΗ΍άϟ΍ Γέ΍ΩϹ΍

˽

ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΰϔΣ΃ ϒϴϛ ϑήϋ΃ ϻ ϲ˰˰˰˰˰ϓ Δ˰˰˰ϴϠϋΎϔΑϭ Δ˰˰˰ϳΪΠΑ ΔϛέΎ˰˰˰θϤϟ΍ ϻ Ϫ˰ϧ΄ϛϭ ϭΪ˰Βϳ ϒ˰˰χϮϣ Ϟϛ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˬϪ˰ϟϮΣ έϭΪ˰ϳ Ύ˰ϤΑ ϻϭ ωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻΎΑ ΄Βόϳ ϭΪΑ΃ϭ ˬΎϳ΃έ ϱΪΒϳ ϻϭ ΎΣ΍ήΘϗ΍ ϡΪϘϳ ϼϓ ΍ΫΎϤϓ .ϲδϔϧ ϲϠϋ Ωέ΃ϭ ΙΪΤΗ΃ ϲϧ΄ϛϭ ˮϞόϓ΃ ϰ˰˰˰˰Ϡϋ ωΎ˰˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Γέ΍Ω· ϡΎϬ˰˰˰ϣ ωίϭ ϥ΃ Ϣ˰˰˰ϫΪΣ΃ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ΐ˰˰Ϡσ΃ .Ϧ˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ύ˰όΒΗ Ζ˰˰ϗϮϟ΍ ΔΒϗ΍ήϣ Ϧϋ ϻϮΌδϣ ϥϮϜϳ ΐ˰˰˰Ϡσ΃ϭ ˬωΎ˰ϤΘΟϼϟ ϲ˰Ϩϣΰϟ΍ ϝϭΪ˰ΠϠϟ ΕΎ˰˰˰Σ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ ϞΠ˰˰δϳ ϥ΃ ϲϧΎ˰˰Μϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ϥϮ˰Ϝϳ ϥ΃ ΚϟΎ˰Λ Ϧ˰ϣ ΐ˰˰Ϡσ΃ϭ ˬΔϣΪϘϤϟ΍ .΍άϜϫϭ .. ΕΎϘϠόϤϟ΍ ΔϠγ Ϧϋ ϻϮΌδϣ

ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ύ˰ϫΩΎόΑ΃ Ϟ˰ϜΑ ΔϠϜ˰θϤϟ΍ νή˰ϋ΃ ϥ΃ Ϊ˰όΑ ΍ΫΎϤϟ ϢϠϋ΃ ϻ Ϧϴ˰˰˰δϤΤΘϣ ήϴ˰Ϗ Ϣ˰ϫΪΟ΃ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϥϭήψϨϳ ϢϬϧ΄ϛϭ ˬϪΣήσ΃ ϱάϟ΍ ϞΤϠϟ ΎϣΎϤΗ ΔϔϟΎΨϣ ήψϧ ΔϬΟϭ Ϧϣ ΔϠϜθϤϠϟ ϲ˰Ϩϧ΃ Δ˰ΠϴΘϨϟ΍ ϥϮ˰ϜΗ .ϱή˰˰ψϧ ΔϬΟϮϟ ΎϤϨϴΑ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ΪΣ΃ Ϣ΋ϼΗ Ϊϗ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ξόΑ ϢϫΪϴϳ΄˰˰Η ϰ˰˰˰Ϡϋ ϝϮ˰μΤϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ Ϟ˰θϓ΃ Ύ˰ϧάΧ΃ ΍Ϋ·ϭ ˬϯή˰Χ΃ ϡΎ˰˰δϗ΃ ϊϣ νέΎόΘΗ ϒ˰˰ϗϮϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϼΜϣ άΧ .ϱήψϧ ΔϬΟϮϟ Ϛ˰ϟΫ ϲΗ΄˰ϳ Ϊ˰Ϙϓ Ϧ˰ϴϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯ˰˰λ΃ ΩΪϋ ωϮ˰˰οϮϣ Δ˰˰θϗΎϨϣ ΩΪ˰˰μΑ Ύ˰˰˰Ϩϛ Ϊ˰Ϙϟ ϒ˰˰ϴϛ .έ΍ή˰ϘϠϟ Ϧ˰ϴπϓ΍ήϟ΍ ΏΎ˰δΣ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ε΃Ϊ˰˰Α ϥ΃ ΪόΑϭ ˬΐΗΎϜϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϴΧΪΘϟ΍ ˯ϻΆ˰˰˰ϫ ή˰ψϧ Δ˰ϬΟϭ ϑή˰όϨϟ ϑή˰μΘϧ ΡήΘ˰˰˰˰ϗ΍ :Ζ˰˰Ϡϗϭ ΔϠϜ˰˰θϤϟ΍ νή˰˰όΑ Ϧ˰ΧΪϳ Ϧ˰ϣ Ϟ˰˰ϛ ϰϠϋ ΕΎΑϮϘϋ νήϓ ˮϦϴπϓ΍ήϟ΍ ϲ˰˰θϔΘϟ ΍ή˰˰ψϧ Ϛ˰˰˰ϟΫϭ ΐΗΎ˰ϜϤϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ΩΪϋ άΧϭ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ Δϗέϭ ϲϓ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ϊϤΟ΍ ΕΩΪ˰ϋ Ϣ˰˰Λ .ΔϛήθϟΎΑ ϦϴΧΪΘϟ΍ ΓήϫΎχ .ΐϴΗήΘϟΎ˰Α Ϟ˰˰Σ ϞϜϟ Ϧϴπϓ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯλ΃ ϰ˰˰Ϡϋϭ Ύ˰˰˰ϨϴϠϋ Ϧ˰ϴΧΪΘϟ΍ έΎ˰πϣ ϢϬ˰ϟ ϥϮ˰˰˰˰όϓήϳ ˺ Ϣ˰˰ϗέ Ϟ˰˰ΤϠϟ ϥϮ˰˰πϓ΍ήϟ΍" .ϯϭΪ˰Ο ϥϭΩ Ϧ˰Ϝϟϭ .ΎϨΘϛή˰˰η ήϬψϣ Ϟ˰˰μΤΗ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ ϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ ΪόΒΘ˰γ΃ ."ϢϬ˰ϳΪϳ΃ Ϧ˰ϴϨΧΪϤϟ΍ ήϴ˰Ϗ ϰ˰ΘΣ ϲϨοέΎ˰˰ϋ ΪϘϟ Δ˰οϮϣ" ϲ˰Ϩϋ ΍ϮϟΎ˰ϗϭ ˬ˯ϼ˰˰ϣΰϟ΍ Ϧϣ .Δπϓ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ϮλϷ΍ Ϧϣ ΩΪϋ ήΒϛ΃ ϰϠϋ ˮΕ΄τΧ΃ ϞϬϓ ."ΔϤϳΪϗ

ΩΎόΒΘγϻ΍

ϰ˰˰ϟ· Ϟ˰μΗ ϰ˰ΘΣ ΩΎόΒΘ˰γϻ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ήϤΘ˰γ΃ Ϧ˰ϣ ΩΪ˰ϋ Ϟ˰ϗ΃ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ϟ˰˰μΤϳ ϱάϟ΍ ϞΤϟ΍ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰˰ϟΫ Ϊ˰όΑ Ϛ˰ϨϜϤϳ .ξ˰ϓήϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯ˰λ΃ .ϞΤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϰϠϋ ϦϴϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯλ΃ άΧ΄Η

ϰ˰Ϡϋ Δ˰ϴπϘϟ΍ νή˰˰ϋ ϲϓ ΎϨϫ ΄τΨϟ΍ .ΎϬδϔϧ ΔϴπϘϟ΍ ϲϓ βϴϟϭ ˬ˯ϼϣΰϟ΍ ΍Ϋ· Δ˰˰λΎΧ -Ύ˰ϣ Δ˰ϴπϗ νή˰ϋ Ϊ˰Ϩϋ ιή˰˰Σ΍ -Ϧ˰˰˰ϳήΧ϶ϟ Δ˰γΎδΣ ΖϧΎ˰ϛ

ϰϘϴγϮϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϥϮϜϤϬϨϣ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΪΟ΃ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ΖϠΧΩ ΎϤϠϛ Ϟ˰˰Α ˬϢϬ˰˰˰ϫΎΒΘϧ΍ ϲϧϭήϴ˰όϳ ϻ ϲϧΎ˰Ϝϣ ά˰ΨΗ΃ Ύ˰ϣΪϨϋϭ Κ˰ϳΪΤϟ΍ ΍ά˰ϫ έή˰ϜΘϳ .΃Ϊ˰Βϳ Ϣ˰˰ϟ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϥ΄ϛϭ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ϲϓ ϥϭήϤΘδϳ Ϟ˰όϓ΃ ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ .Γήϴ˰˰μϗ ΔΣ΍έ Ϟϛ ΐϘϋϭ ωΎϤΘΟ΍ Ϟϛ Δϳ΍ΪΑ ϲϓ ˬωΎ˰˰˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯Ϊ˰˰Α Δ˰˰ψΤϟ ϥϮϣήΘ˰˰Τϳ Ϧ˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰όΟϷ ˮϲϟ ϥϮϬΒΘϨϳϭ ϰϘϴ˰˰γϮϤϟ΍ ϞόΟ΃ϭ ˬΕΎϋΎϤδΑ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ Ύϳ΍ϭί Ωϭί ΍ά˰˰ϫ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Δϳ΍ΪΑ ϞΒϗϭ ΕΎΣ΍ήΘγϻ΍ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ ΎϬϟϼΧ ΏΎδϨΗ Ϯϫϭ ˯ΎΧήΘγϻ΍ ϰϟ· ϱΩΆΗ ϰϘϴγϮϤϟ΍ ˬϻϭ΃ :ϦϴΗΰϴϣ Ϛϴτόϳ ϰϘϴ˰γϮϤϟ΍ ϒ˰˰ϗϮΘΗ ΎϣΪϨϋ ˬΎϴϧΎΛ ˭ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘϓ Ϧϣ νήϐϟ΍ Ύ˰Ϥϣ Δ˰Σ΍ήϟ΍ ΓήΘ˰˰ϓ ˯ΎϬΘϧ΍ϭ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯ΪΒϟ ϥϼϋ· ΔΑΎΜϤΑ ΍άϬϓ .ϢϬϫΎΒΘϧ΍ Ϛϧϭήϴόϳ ϥϮόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϞόΠϳ

ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ ˬΖ˰ϗϮϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ Δ˰ϠϳϮσ ΓήΘ˰ϔϟ ΎϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ΪΘϤΗ ϥ΃ ΍ήϴΜϛ ΙΪΤϳ ΍ά˰˰Ϝϫϭ .αϭέΪϣ έ΍ήϘϟ ϞλϮΘϧ ϥ΃ ϞΒϗ ΎϨΗέΪϗϭ ΎϨΘϗΎσ ΪϔϨΘϓ ήϴ˰˰˰Ϗϭ ΔΌϴ˰γ Ϫ˰Η΍έ΍ήϗ Ε˯Ύ˰Ο ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζ˰ϗϭ ϝΎ˰σ Ύ˰ϤϠϜϓ ˮΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϠϋ ΐϠϐΘϨϟ Ϟόϔϧ ΍ΫΎϣ .ΔγϭέΪϣ ϰ˰ϟ· ˾ Ϧ˰ϣ) Γήϴ˰μϘϟ΍ Δ˰Σ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘ˰˰ϓ ϥ΃ ΕΎγ΍έΪϟ΍ ήϬψΗ ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘϓ Ϧϣ Ϟπϓ΃ ˬϞϤϋ ΔϋΎγ Ϟϛ ΐϘϋ (ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ˺˹ ΕΎϋΎ˰˰γ ˾ ϭ΃ ˽ Ϟϛ ΐϘϋ (ϒμϧϭ ΔϋΎγϭ ΔϋΎγ) ΔϠϳϮτϟ΍ ΢˰˰Ϩϣ΃ ˬΔϋΎ˰˰˰γ ΓήΘ˰ϓ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ΓΪ˰ϣ ίϭΎ˰ΠΘΗ Ύ˰ϣΪϨϋ .Ϟ˰Ϥϋ Ϟ˰˰Βϗ ˬϖ΋Ύ˰˰˰ϗΩ ˺˹ Ϧ˰ϋ Ϊ˰ϳΰΗ ϻ Γήϴ˰μϗ Δ˰Σ΍έ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϝΎ˰˰Ϥϋ΃ ϝϭΪ˰˰Ο ϲ˰˰ϓ Δ˰˰Σ΍ήϠϟ ς˰˰˰τΧ .ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎϤϜΘ˰γ΍ ΕΎΣ΍ήΘγϻ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϣ ΓΩΎϔΘγϻ΍ ϰϠϋ ιήΣ΍ ϦϜϟ ˬωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ξ˰όΑ ήΒ˰ΨΗ ϥ΃ ϚϨϜϤϳ ϼΜϣ .ΎΜΒϋ ΎϬόϴπΗ ϻϭ ϱϮ˰δΗ Ϊ˰ϗ ϭ΃ ˬωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲ˰˰ϓ ϢϬΑϮϠγ΃ ϰϠϋ ϚΗΎψΣϼϣ Ϧϋ Ζ˰ϗϭ ϞϐΘ˰δΗ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϨϜϤϳ Ύ˰Ϥϛ ˬϦ˰˰ϴϓήσ ϦϴΑ ΐθϧ Ύϣ ϑϼΧ .ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝϭΪ˰Ο ϲ˰˰ϓ ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ωϮοϮϤϠϟ Ω΍ΪϋϹ΍ ϲϓ ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ ϲ˰˰ϓ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϠϟ Δόϳήδϟ΍ ΕΎΑϭήθϤϟ΍ ξόΑ ήϴϓϮΗ Ϟπϔϳ Ϊϗ .ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ Ε΍ήΘϓ

Ϊ΋Ύόϟ΍ / ΔϔϠϜΘϟ΍ ϞϴϠΤΗ Δ˰˰ϳ΃ ϥϮΣήΘϘϳ ϻ Ύϣ· ϢϬϓ ˬΎτγϭ ϼΣ ϥϮϓήόϳ ϻ ϥϮόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ˬΔ˰ΤϣΎΟ Δ˰ϴϟΎϴΧ ϻϮ˰˰ϠΣ ϥϮΣήΘϘϳ Ύϣ·ϭ ϕϼσϹ΍ ϰϠϋ ϝϮϠΣ Ϣ˰δΘΗ ϢϬ˰ϟϮϠΣ Ϟ˰όΟ΃ ϲ˰ϛ Ϟ˰όϓ΃ ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ .Ύ˰ϨΗΎϴϧΎϜϣ· Ϧ˰˰ϋ ΓΪϴόΑ ˮάϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ΔϴϧΎϜϣ·ϭ Δϴόϗ΍ϮϟΎΑ

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

ϻϭ Δ˰˰˰ϴ΋ΎϘϠΗ ΓέϮ˰˰˰˰μΑ Ε΍ϭΩϷ΍ ϩά˰˰ϫ ϥϮ˰˰όϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϝϭΎ˰˰ϨΘϳ ϕέϮ˰ϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϢϬ˰ΗΎΣ΍ήΘϗ΍ ϥϮ˰τΨϳ Ϣ˰ϫϭ Ϟ˰˰Ϡϣ ϱ΄Α ϥϭήόθϳ .ΔϧϮϠϣ ϡϼϗ΄Α ϥϮϠϤϟ΍

ΔϛήΤϟ΍ ϥϮ˰˰όϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϭΪ˰Βϳ ΔϋΎ˰γ Ϟ˰ϛ Γήϴ˰μϘϟ΍ ΕΎΣ΍ήΘ˰γϻ΍ Ϣ˰Ϗέ ϊ˰Ϩλ΃ ΍ΫΎϣ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˯ΎϨΛ΃ ϥϮΑ˯ΎΜΘϳ Ϊϗ ϢϬϧ΃ ΔΟέΪϟ ϲϟΎδϛ ˮϦϴϬΒΘϨϣ ϦϴψϘϳ ϢϬϠόΟϷ

.ϩΎ˰ΒΘϧϻ΍ Ζ˰ϔϠΗ Δ˰ϛήΤϟΎϓ .Δ˰ϛήΤϟΎΑ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϸϣ΍ ϥ΃ Ϧ˰˰˰ϜϤϳ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ Ωέ΍Ϯ˰Ϥϟ΍ Ϟ˰ϜϠϟ ΢˰οϭ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰ϳ΍ΪΑ ϲ˰ϓ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ϢϬ˰˰˰΋΍έ΁ ϭ΃ ϢϬ˰ΗΎΣ΍ήΘϗ΍ Δ˰ΑΎΘϛ ϦϴϛέΎ˰θϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ΐ˰Ϡσ΃ Ϧ˰ϋ Ϊ˰ϳΰϳ ϻ Ύ˰Ϥϴϓ ˬΕϼϜθϤϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ϞΤϟ Δϛήθϟ΍ ΎϬμμΨΗ ˬΎ˰ϫΎϳ· ϙϮτόϴϟ ϢϫΪϋΎϘϣ Ϧϣ ϥϮϣϮϘϳ ϢϬϠόΟ΃ϭ Ύϣ ωϮοϮϣ ˺˾ ϝϼ˰Χ ΕΎ˰Σ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ νή˰˰όϟ ϝΎΠϤϟ΍ ΢Θϓ΍ .ϖ΋ΎϗΩ βϤΧ ϢϬ˰Ϩϣ ΐ˰Ϡσ΃ ϭ΃ .Δ˰˰ϋΎϘϟ΍ Ϧϛέ ϲϓ ΓΪπϨϣ ϰϠϋ ΎϫϮόπϴϟ ϭ΃ ΐΣΎ˰λ Ϟ˰όΟ΍ Ϛ˰ϟΫ Ϊ˰˰όΑ .ΔϠϣΎϛ ΔϘϴϗΩ ωϮοϮϤϟΎΑ ΔλΎΧ ϕ΍έϭ΃ϭ Φδϧ άΧ΃ Δ˰ϴΣΎϧ Ϧ˰ϣ Ϫ˰˰Σ΍ήΘϗϻ ήψϨϳ Ρ΍ήΘϗ΍ Ϟϛ Ϧ˰ϣ Ϟ˰˰όΟ΍ ϭ΃ .ϒϓέϷ΍ ΪΣ΃ ϕϮϓ Ϧϣ Γή˰˰˰ϣ Ϊ΋Ύ˰όϟ΍ Δ˰ϴΣΎϧ Ϧ˰ϣϭ Γή˰ϣ Δ˰ϔϠϜΘϟ΍ ϥΎ˰Ϝϣ ϰ˰ϟ· Ϟ˰˰ϘΘϨϳ ΚϳΪΤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΐϏήϳ ϡΰϠϳ ΍ΫΎϣ" :ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ϝ΍Άδϟ΍ Ρήσ΃ .ΔϴϧΎΛ .ϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϩ΍ήϳ ΚϴΣ Ϧϴόϣ ϰ˰˰˰˰Ϡϋ ΩϮ˰˰όϳ Ϣ˰˰Αϭ ˮϚΣ΍ήΘ˰˰ϗ΍ ά˰˰ϴϔϨΘϟ Ϧ˰ϣ Γήϴ˰˰Βϛ Ω΍Ϊϋ΃ .. ΔΒΧΎλ ΎϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ .Ϧ˰˰ϳΩϮϤϋ Ϧϣ ϻϭΪΟ ϢϤλ ."ˮΔϛήθϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰ϛ Ϧ˰ϣϭ Ϣ˰δϗ Ϟ˰ϛ Ϧ˰ϣ .. ϦϳήοΎ˰Τϟ΍ ˭Ρ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ ΔϔϠϜΗ ϝϭϷ΍ ΩϮϤόϟ΍ ϲϓ ϊο Ϊ˰˰˰ΠΗ ωϮ˰˰οϮϣ ϱ΃ Ύ˰˰ϨϟϭΎϨΗ ΍Ϋ· .ωή˰˰ϓ ΐόϠϟ΍ϭ ήϴϜϔΘϟ΍ Ε΍ϭΩ΃ ϲϓ .ϪϨϣ Ϊ΋Ύόϟ΍ ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ΩϮϤόϟ΍ ϲϓ ϊοϭ ϢϬ˰ϳΪϳ΃ ϥϮ˰όϓήϳ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ΍ήϴΜϛ Ζ˰˰ϗϭ Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ Δ˰Ϩϴόϣ ΓήΘ˰ϓ ϲ˰πϣ Ϊ˰όΑ ρΎ˰˰Ϙϧ ΩΪ˰˰ϋ ΐ˰˰˰δΣ΃ ΩϮ˰Ϥϋ Ϟ˰ϛ ή˰Χ΃ ϻ Εϼ˰˰Χ΍ΪϤϟ΍ .ϖϴϠόΘϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΚϳΪΤϠϟ ΎΒϠσ β˰˰ϔϧ Δ˰˰ψΣϼϣ ϲ˰ϓ ΃Ϊ˰Α΃ ˬωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϥί΍ϭ Ϣ˰˰˰Λ ˬΪ΋Ύ˰όϟ΍ ρΎ˰Ϙϧ ΩΪ˰ϋϭ Δ˰ϔϠϜΘϟ΍ .ΎπόΑ ΎϬπόΑ έήϜϳ Ύϣ ΍ήϴΜϛϭ ˬϲϬΘϨΗ .Ύ˰˰˰Ϥ΋΍Ω έή˰˰˰ϜΘΗ ϲ˰˰˰Θϟ΍ ν΍ή˰˰˰ϋϷ΍ .ΎϬϨϴΑ Ύλήϓ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΢ϨϣϷ ϑήμΗ΃ ϒϴϛ ˬϢϫΪϋΎ˰Ϙϣ ϲ˰ϓ ϥϮ˰˰ϠϤϠϤΘϳ ϥϮόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΓΎ˰ϋ΍ήϣ ϊ˰˰ϣ ˬϢϬ΋΍έ΁ Ϧϋ ήϴΒόΘϠϟ ΔϟΩΎϋ Ϊ˰˰ϴϟϮΗ Ϧ˰˰ϋ Δ˰˰ϘϠϐϣ ϢϬ˰˰˰ϧΎϫΫ΃ ϭΪ˰ΒΗϭ ΔϔϟϷ΍ ˮΖϗϮϟ΍ ΕΎΣ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ ΏΎόϴΘγ΍ ϰΘΣ ϭ΃ έΎϜϓϷ΍ ΓήΘ˰˰ϔϟ Ύ˰˰όϣ Ύ˰˰ϨϠϤϋ Ύ˰˰Ϩϧ΃ Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ ϢϏήϟΎ˰Α ΕΎ˰˰˰˰ϋϮϤΠϣ ϰ˰˰˰ϟ· Ϧ˰˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϣ˰˰˰δϗ Ώά˰Πϟ ˯ϲ˰η Ϟ˰ϛ ΖϠόϓ ΪϘϟ .ΔϣΪϘϤϟ΍ ϢϬ˰˰όϓΩϷ Ϟ˰όϓ΃ ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ Ϧ˰Ϝϟϭ ˬϢϬ˰ϫΎΒΘϧ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ϥϮ˰˰ϘΜϳ ϻ ϦϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϻ· ˬΔϠϳϮσ ϥ΃ Δ˰˰ϋϮϤΠϣ Ϟ˰˰Ϝϟ Ρή˰˰˰η΍ϭ ˬΓήϴ˰ϐλ ˮήϴϜϔΘϠϟ ϞϣΎ˰˰όΘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϥϮσήϔϳϭ ˬΎπόΑ ϢϬπόΑ ϖ˰˰˰˰ϳήϔϟ΍ Ρϭέ ή˰˰ϣΪϳ ΍ά˰˰ϫ .ϲϤ˰˰γήϟ΍ Ύ˰ϣ· Ϣ˰ϫΪΠΗ Ϛ˰ϟάϟ .Ύ˰˰ϨϨϴΑ ΎϤϴϓ ϥϭΎόΘϟ΍ϭ ϭ΃ ϢϬ˰˰˰˰˰΋ϼϣΰϟ ˯Ύ˰˰˰τΧϷ΍ ϥϭΪ˰˰˰ϴμΘϳ Ϊ˰ϴμΘϳ ϥ΃ Ϧ˰ϣ Ύ˰ϓϮΧ ϢϬϧΎ˰˰δϟ ϥϮϜδϤϳ ΦϴγήΗ ϦϜϤϳ ϒϴϜϓ .Ϣϫ˯ΎτΧ΃ ˯ϼϣΰϟ΍

ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ ϖϔΘΘϟ ΎϬϨϴΑ ΎϤϴϓ έϭΎθΘΗ ϥ΃ ΎϬϴϠϋ Ύϣ νήόϳϭ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ Ϟϛ ϞΜϤϳ κΨη ϭ΃ ΕΎ˰˰˰Σ΍ήΘϗ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ Δ˰ϋϮϤΠϤϟ΍ ϩέΪ˰μΗ .ΕϼΧ΍Ϊϣ

Δ˰˰˰˰˰ϋΎϘϟ Ρή˰˰˰˰Ϥϟ΍ ξ˰˰˰˰όΑ Ϟ˰˰˰˰ΧΩ΍ ϡΎ˰ϣ΃ ϊ˰πΗ ϥ΄˰Α Ϛ˰˰ϟΫϭ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΐ˰˰όϠϟ΍ϭ ήϴ˰ϜϔΘϠϟ Ε΍ϭΩ΃ ϙέΎ˰θϣ Ϟ˰ϛ ϡϼ˰˰˰ϗ΃ϭ ΓΎ˰ΤϤϣ :Ϟ˰Μϣ .Ϊ˰Σ΍ϭ ϥ΁ ϲ˰ϓ ϑϮγ .ΔΣήϣ ϝΎϜη΄Α ΔϧϮϠϣ ϕ΍έϭ΃ϭ

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

ΕΎϋϮϤΠϤϟ΍

5

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

˯ϼ˰˰Ϥόϟ΍ ΔΑΎΠΘ˰˰γ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ΓΪ˰˰˰Ηήϣ Δ˰ϳάϐΗ Δ˰ϳ΃ ΝΎ˰ΘϧϹ΍ ϡΎ˰δϗ΃ Ύ˰ϤΑ ΐϟΎ˰τϳ Ϣ˰δϗ Ϟ˰ϛ Ϊ˰ΠΘϓ ˬωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲ˰ϓ Ύ˰ϣ΃ .ΕΎ˰ΠΘϨϤϠϟ ΩϮ˰όϳ ϰ˰ΘΣ Ϟ˰Τϟ΍ Ύ˰Ϥϓ .ϡΎ˰δϗϷ΍ Δ˰ϴϘΑ ΐϟΎ˰˰τϣ ϊϣ νέΎόΘϳ ˮΎϨΘϛήη ϰϟ· ϝΎόϔϟ΍ ϝΎμΗϻ΍ ΐ˰Ϡσ΃ϭ ˬΕΎ˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϘΑ ωϭήϔϟ΍ϭ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ϲϠΜϤϣ ϊϤΟ΍ ΔϬΟϮϣ Γήϴμϗ Ε΍ήϛάϣ ΐΘϜϳϭ ΎϘϳήϓ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΃ Ϣδϗ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ϭ ˬϡΎδϗϷ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϣ ϪΒϟΎτϣ ΎϬϴϓ ήϛάϳ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ϲϗΎΑ ϰϟ· ϲ˰ϠΜϤϣ Ϧ˰ϣ ΐ˰Ϡσ΃ .Ϟ˰ϤόϠϟ ήΒ˰ϛ΃ Γ˯Ύ˰ϔϛ ϰ˰ϟ· ΎϬ˰˰ϘϴϘΤΗ ϱΩΆϳ ϡΎ˰δϗϷ΍ ϲ˰ϠΜϤϣ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ΎϬ˰˰όϳίϮΗ ϢΛ ˬϢϬΗ΍ήϛάϣ Γ˯΍ήϗ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ϲϓ ˯ΪΒϟ΍ Ε΍ήϛάϣ΍ ΖϤϠδΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ Ϧϣ ΐϠσ΃ .ϯήΧϷ΍ ΓΩέ΍Ϯ˰ϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ΒϠτϟ΍ ά˰ϴϔϨΘϟ Δ˰˰Ϥ΋ϼϣ ΎϬϧϭήϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ΪϳΪΤΗ Ϛ˰˰ϠΗ ϲ˰ϠΜϤϣ Ϟ˰όΟ΃ .Ε΍ή˰ϛάϤϟ΍ Δ˰ΒΣΎλ ϡΎ˰δϗϷ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ϢϬ˰ϴϟ· ά˰˰˰ϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ς˰˰τΧ ϊ˰˰ϣ Δ˰˰ΣήΘϘϤϟ΍ ϝϮ˰˰ϠΤϟ΍ ϥϮ˰˰ΒΘϜϳ ϡΎ˰˰δϗϷ΍ ή˰τΧ΍ .Ε΍ή˰ϛάϤϟ΍ Δ˰˰ΒΣΎλ ϡΎδϗϷ΍ ϲϠΜϤϣ ϰϟ· ΎϬϧϭέήϤϳϭ .ςτΨϟ΍ άϴϔϨΗ ΔόΑΎΘϣ ωΎϤΘΟ΍ ΩΎόϴϤΑ ϊϴϤΠϟ΍

ΔϴϔμΘϟ΍ ΕϻΎ˰ϤΘΣϻ΍ Ϟ˰ϛ Δ˰γ΍έΩ ϲ˰ϓ Ζ˰ϗϮϟ΍ Ϣ˰˰ψόϣ ϲπϤϧ ϥ΃ ΪόΑ Δ˰ϋΎϨλ ϰ˰ϟ· Ϟ˰˰ϘΘϨϧ ϥ΃ ΎϨϴϠϋ ΐόμϳ ˬΔϨϜϤϤϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ Ϟϛϭ Ϟ˰όϔϧ Ϣ˰ϟ Ύ˰Ϩϧ΄ϛϭ ˬΎ˰ϧ΃ΪΑ Κ˰ϴΣ ϰ˰ϟ· ΩϮ˰όϨϓ ˬΐγΎϨϤϟ΍ έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ˮΩΩήΘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϰϠϋ ΐϠϐΗ΃ ϒϴϛ .ΎΌϴη ϰ˰Ϡϋ ΎΨ˰δϧ ΎϬ˰˰Ϩϣ ωίϭϭ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ Δϗέϭ ϲϓ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ Ϟϛ ϊϤΟ΍ Ε΍ϮλϷ΍ άΧ .ΎϬΗ˯΍ήϘϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ βϤΧ ϢϬτϋ΃ ϢΛ ˬϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰Τϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϥϮ˰Ϙϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍" .ΐϴΗήΘϟΎ˰Α Γή˰˰Ϝϓ Ϟϛ ϰϠϋ ΔϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΩΪ˰ϋ ϥϭΩ .Δ˰ϋϮϓήϤϟ΍ ϱΪ˰ϳϷ΍ Ϊ˰˰ϋ ."ϢϬϳΪϳ΃ ϥϮόϓήϳ ˺ Ϣϗέ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ζ˰ϠμΣ ϲ˰˰Θϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ΪόΒΘγ΍ .ϞΣ Ϟϛ ϡΎϣ΃ ϦϴϘϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΔϴϘΒΘϤϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ΃ήϗ΃ .ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΩΪϋ ϒμϧ Ϧϣ Ϟϗ΃ ΔϘϓ΍Ϯϣ ά˰Χ .ϯή˰˰ΧϷ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ϥϭΪόΒΘδϳ ϢϬϠόΟ΃ϭ ˬϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϴϔμΗ ϲϓ ήϤΘγ΍ .ΔϴϘΒΘϤϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ Ε΍ϮλϷ΍ .ΪΣ΍ϭ ϞΣ ϰϟ· ϞμΗ ϰΘΣ ϝ΍ϮϨϤϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϰϠϋ

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

ϰΘϣϭ .. Ϧϣ

˿

ϥ΃ Ϊ˰όΑ ήϴ˰ϐΘϳ ˯ϲ˰η ϻ Ϧ˰Ϝϟϭ ˬΎϣ ϞΣ ϖϴΒτΗ ϰϠϋ ϖϔΘϧ Ϊϗ ϞΒϗ ϪϴϠϋ ϥΎϛ ΎϤϛ ϊοϮϟ΍ ήϤΘδϳ ϞΑ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ έΩΎϐϧ Ϟ˰ϫ .˯Ύ˰Βϫ ΐ˰ϫάΗ Ύ˰˰ϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ Ϟϛ ϥ΃ ϲϨόϳ ΍άϫϭ .ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˮϊοϮϟ΍ ΍άϫ ήϴϴϐΗ ϦϜϤϳ

ΓΩΎ˰ϋ·ϭ ˬϢϬ˰ϴϓ ϖ˰ϳήϔϟ΍ Ρϭέ Δ˰ϴϤϨΗϭ ˬϦ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϴΑ ΔϘΜϟ΍ ˮϢϬϨϴΑ ΔϔϟϷ΍ ήϴ˰˰Ϗ ˬϪ˰δϔϧ Ϧ˰ϋ ΎϴμΨ˰η ΎΌϴ˰η ή˰ϛάϳ ϒ˰χϮϣ Ϟ˰ϛ Ϟ˰όΟ΍ ϒϴϛ ϭ΃ ˬΎϬϠπϔϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϠϛϷ΍ Ϧϋ Ϫϟ΄δΗ ϥ΄ϛ .ϞϤόϟΎΑ ϖϠόΘϣ Ϫ˰ϟ ΎϬΒΒ˰δϳ ϲ˰Θϟ΍ Δ˰ϔϳήψϟ΍ ϞϛΎ˰θϤϟ΍ ϭ΃ Ϫ˰ΗίΎΟ΃ ϡϮ˰˰ϳ ϲπϘϳ ΐϧΎ˰˰˰Πϟ΍ ϒ˰θϜϳ ˯Ύϴ˰ηϷ΍ ϩά˰ϫ ή˰ϛΫ ϥ· .Ζ˰ϴΒϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ΩϻϭϷ΍ ϢϬ˰˰ϨϴΑ Ϊ˰˰˰ϟϮϳ ΍ά˰ϫϭ ˬϪ˰΋ϼϣί ϡΎ˰ϣ΃ ϒ˰χϮϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ϲϧΎ˰δϧϹ΍ .ϥϭΎόΘϟ΍ ϕϮόϳ ϱάϟ΍ ΰΟΎΤϟ΍ ήδϜϳϭ ˬΔϔϟϵΎΑ ΎϴϧΎδϧ· ΍έϮόη

ΔΣϮΘϔϤϟ΍ ΔϠΌγϷ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ϢϬΗΪϋΎ˰δϣ ΝΎ˰ΘΣ΃ ϲ˰ϨϧϷ Ϧ˰˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ϭ ϦϳήϳΪϤϟΎΑ ϊϤΘΟ΃ ˬϻ΍Ά˰γ ϢϬ˰ϴϠϋ Ζ˰˰Σήσ Ύϣ ΍Ϋ· ˬϒγϸϟ ϦϜϟ .Ύϣ ΔϠϜθϣ ϞΣ ˬ΍ά˰ϛϭ ΍ά˰ϛ ϲ˰˰ϓ ϢϜϳ΃έ Ύϣ ϢϬΘϟ΄γ Ύϣ ΍Ϋ·ϭ .ϲϨΒϴΠϳ Ϧϣ ΪΟ΃ ϻ ϥϮ˰ϓήόϳ ϻ ϢϬ˰ϧ΄ϛϭ ϢϬ˰γϭ˯έ ϭ΃ ϢϬ˰˰ϓΎΘϛ΃ ΰϬΑ ϥϮϔΘϜϳ ϢϬϧΈϓ έΎ˰˰Ϝϓ΃ Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ ϢϬ˰ϠΧ΍ΪΑ Ύ˰ϣ ϰ˰μϗ΃ Νή˰ΧϷ Ϟ˰όϓ΃ ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ .ΎΌϴ˰η ˮΕΎΣ΍ήΘϗ΍ϭ .Ύ˰ϣ Δϟ΄˰˰δϣ ϲϓ ϦϳήΧϵ΍ ϱ΃έ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐϠτϳ ϥ΃ ΍ήϴΜϛ ΙΪΤϳ Κ˰ΤΒΗ Ζ˰Ϩϛ ΍Ϋ· .ϻ ϡ΃ Ϣ˰όϨΑ ϥϮ˰ΒϴΠϳ Ϟ˰˰ϫ ϥϭήΧϵ΍ έΎΘΤϳϭ ΏΎ˰Πϳ ϲ˰˰Θϟ΍ ΔϘϠϐϤϟ΍ ΔϠΌγϷ΍ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ϻ ˬΔϴϘϴϘΣ ΕΎΑΎΟ· Ϧϋ Ϧ˰˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ϞόΠΗ ΔϘϠϐϤϟ΍ ΔϠΌγϷ΍ ϥϷ ˬϼΑ ϭ΃ ϢόϨΑ Ύϣ· ΎϬϴϠϋ ϲΗ΄˰Η Ϛ˰ϟάϟϭ ˬΎϬ˰΋΍έϭ ϦϣΎ˰Ϝϟ΍ ϲ˰ϔΨϟ΍ Ϊ˰˰μϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϦϴϜϜθΘϣ Δ˰ΣϮΘϔϤϟ΍ ΔϠΌ˰γϷ΍ ϡΪΨΘ˰γ΍ .ΔϤ˰γΎΣ ήϴ˰Ϗ ΓΩΩήΘ˰˰ϣ ϢϬΗΎΑΎΟ· Γ˯Ύ˰˰ϔϛ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ϝ΄˰˰δΗ ϥ΃ ϼ˰˰Μϣ Ϊ˰˰ϳήΗ Ζ˰˰˰Ϩϛ ΍ΫΈ˰ϓ .Δ˰ΟέΪΘϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰ϫ" :ΔϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΔϘϠϐϤϟ΍ ΔϘϳήτϟΎΑ ϝ΍Άδϟ΍ ΡήτΗ ϻ ˬϦϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰ϣ΍Ϯϋ ϞΧΪΘΘ˰˰γ Ύ˰˰˰Ϩϫ ."ˮϻ ϡ΃ ˯Ύ˰ϔϛ΃ Ύ˰ϨϴϔχϮϣ ϥ΃ ϥϭή˰Η ΢˰ΒμΘϓ ˬκΨ˰η Ϟ˰ϛ Δ˰˰ΑΎΟ· ϰϠϋ ήϴΛ΄Θϟ΍ ϲϓ ΓήϴΜϛ ΔϴγΎϴγ Δ˰ϴΣΎϨϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ˬΔ˰ϤϴϘϟ΍ Δ˰ϤϳΪϋ ΎϬ˰ϴϠϋ Ϟ˰μΤΗ ϲ˰˰Θϟ΍ ΕΎΑΎΟϹ΍ .ΔϴϠϤόϟ΍ :ϲ˰Ηϵ΍ ΡϮ˰ΘϔϤϟ΍ ΏϮϠ˰γϷΎΑ ϝ΍Ά˰δϟ΍ β˰ϔϧ Ρή˰˰τΗ ϥ΃ ϝϭΎΣ -˺ :Δ˰ϴϟΎΘϟ΍ ΕϻΎ˰˰ΠϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϨϴϔχϮϤϟ Γήθϋ Ϧϣ ΔΟέΩ ςϋ΃" -˽ ϡ΍ΰΘ˰ϟϻ΍-˼ ΓήΒ˰Ψϟ΍ϭ Δ˰ϳ΍έΪϟ΍-˻ ˯ϼ˰Ϥόϟ΍ ϊϣ ϞϣΎόΘϟ΍ ΡϮ˰˰Ϥτϟ΍-˿ ˯Ύ˰ϛάϟ΍ϭ έΎ˰ϜΘΑϻ΍-˾ ϖ˰ϳήϔϟ΍ Ρϭέϭ ϥϭΎ˰όΘϟ΍ .˯ΎμϘΘγ΍ Δϐϴλ ϰϠϋ ϚΘϠΌγ΃ ώλ ΢λ΃ ϰϨόϤΑ .Φϟ΍...

ΔϟΩΎΒΘϤϟ΍ Ε΍ήϛάϤϟ΍

Ϧ˰˰ϴΑ ϝΎ˰˰˰μΗϻ΍ ϒ˰όο Δϛή˰θϟ΍ ΕήΒ˰ϛ Ύ˰ϤϠϛ Ϫ˰ϧ΃ ϥϮ˰ϟϮϘϳ ϥ΃ ΐΒ˰˰δΑ Ϛ˰ϟΫϭ ˬΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϣ˰ψόϣ ήϴ˰μϣ ΍ά˰ϫ ϞόϔϟΎ˰Α Ϧ˰Ϝϟϭ ˬϡϮ˰ϳ Ϊ˰όΑ Ύ˰˰ϣϮϳ ήΒϜΗ ΎϨΘϛήθϓ ˬϲϘϴϘΣ ΍άϫϭ .ΎϫΩ΍ήϓ΃ Ϧ˰˰ϣ ΍ϮϓήόΑ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ϥϭέΩΎϐϳ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ .ϡϮ˰˰˰ϳ Ϊ˰όΑ Ύ˰ϣϮϳ ϢϬ˰πόΑ Ϧ˰ϋ ΍ΩΎ˰όΘΑ΍ ϥϭΩ΍Ωΰ˰ϳ Ϧ˰ϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ΢οϮϤϟΎ˰ϛ ϻϭΪ˰Ο Ϣ˰Ϥλ .ϰ˰Θϣϭ .. ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ ά˰˰ϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϣ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ϼϘΘ˰˰δϣ ΎϬ˰˰Ϩϣ Ϟ˰˰ϛ Ϟ˰˰˰Ϥόϳ Ύ˰ϋϭήϓϭ ΎϣΎ˰δϗ΃ Ύ˰ϨΤΒλ΃ ϒ˰˰όοϭ ˬϦϳήΧϵ΍ ϝϭΪ˰˰˰Ο" ϪϤ˰γ ϩΎ˰ϧΩ΃ .Ύ˰˰˰˰˰ϨϨϴΑ ϝΎ˰˰˰μΗϻ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ϥϮ˰˰ϜΘϳ ˬ"άϴϔϨΘϟ΍ "άϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ϝϭΪΟ" ΝΎ˰˰˰˰˰ΘϧϹ΍ ϡΎ˰˰˰˰δϗ΄ϓ ΩϮϤόϟ΍ :ΓΪϤϋ΃ ΙϼΛ ϰΘϣ Ϧϣ ΍ΫΎϣ ΕΎ˰˰˰˰ΠΘϨϣ Νή˰˰˰ΨΗ ϥ΍Ϯ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰ϨόΑ ϝϭϷ΍ ˺ ϞΤϟ΍ άϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍ Ϣγ΍ ϪϴϠϋ ϖϔΘϤϟ΍ ˺ ϞΤϟ΍ ϝΎϤϜΘγϻ΍ϭ ΔόΑΎΘϤϟ΍ ΩΎόϴϣ ϡΎ˰˰˰˰˰˰δϗ΃ ήϴ˰˰˰˰˰ΤΘΗ ΩϮ˰˰˰˰Ϥόϟ΍ϭ ˭"΍ΫΎ˰˰˰ϣ" ϲ˰˰˰˰˰˰ϓ ϖϳϮ˰˰˰˰˰δΘϟ΍ ϥ΍Ϯ˰˰˰˰˰˰ϨόΑ ϲϧΎ˰˰˰˰˰Μϟ΍ ˻ ϞΤϟ΍ άϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍ Ϣγ΍ ϪϴϠϋ ϖϔΘϤϟ΍ ˻ ϞΤϟ΍ ϝΎϤϜΘγϻ΍ϭ ΔόΑΎΘϤϟ΍ ΩΎόϴϣ ϡΎ˰˰˰δϗ΃ϭ .ΎϬϘϳϮ˰˰δΗ ΩϮ˰˰˰˰˰Ϥόϟ΍ϭ ˭"Ϧ˰˰˰ϣ" ˼ ϞΤϟ΍ άϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍ Ϣγ΍ ϪϴϠϋ ϖϔΘϤϟ΍ ˼ ϞΤϟ΍ ϝΎϤϜΘγϻ΍ϭ ΔόΑΎΘϤϟ΍ ΩΎόϴϣ ϲ˰˰τόΗ ϻ ϖϳϮ˰δΘϟ΍ ϥ΍Ϯ˰˰˰˰˰˰ϨόΑ ήϴ˰˰˰˰ΧϷ΍

Ϣ˰˰˰γ΃ Ζ˰ΤΗ Ϟ˰Ϥόϟ΍ ϖ˰ϳήϓ ˯Ύ˰πϋ΃ ˯ΎϤ˰γ΃ ΐ˰Θϛ΃ :Δ˰χϮΤϠϣ .άϴϔϨΘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍

ΓΪϧΎδϤϟ΍ Δ˰ΠϴΘϨϟ΍ ϖ˰ϴϘΤΗ ϲ˰ϓ Ϟ˰Ϥόϟ΍ ϕή˰˰ϓ ϞθϔΗ Ϊϗ ϖΒγ Ύϣ Ϟϛ ϢϏέ ϕή˰ϔϟ΍ ϲϗΎ˰Α Ϧ˰ϣ Δ˰ΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΓΪϧΎ˰δϤϟ΍ Ϊ˰ΠΗ Ϣϟ ΍Ϋ· ΔΑϮϏήϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰ϛ ΓΪϧΎ˰δϣ Ϧ˰Ϥπϧ ϰ˰˰ΘΣ Ϟόϔϧ ΍ΫΎϣ .˯ϼϣΰϟ΍ϭ ˮΎϬϴϠϋ ϖϔΘϤϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ϭ Ε΍έ΍ήϘϠϟ Ϧ˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΐϠσ΍ ˬϝϮϠΤϟ΍ϭ Ε΍έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϕΎϔΗϻ΍ ΪόΑ Ϟ˰˰ϛ ϲϓ ϢϬ΋ϼϣί ϞϤϋ ΓΪϧΎδϤϟ ϪϤϳΪϘΗ ϥϮόϴτΘδϳ Ύϣ νήϋ ϝΎ˰Ϥϋ΃ Ύ˰˰ϫϼϋ΃ ϲϓ ΏϮΘϜϣ Δϗέϭ Ωήϓ Ϟϛ ςϋ΃ .ϞϤϋ ϖϳήϓ ΎϬ˰ϤϳΪϘΗ ϊϴτΘ˰˰δϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ϝΎόϓϷ΍ Ϟϛ ΐΘϜϳ ϥ΃ Ϫϟ΄γ΍ .ΓΪϧΎδϤϟ΍ Ϫ˰Θϗέϭ ΃ήϘϳ ϪϠόΟ΍ ϢΛ ˬϯήΧϷ΍ ϕήϔϟ΍ ϞϤϋ ΓΪϧΎδϤϟ ΎϋϮτΗ ϲ˰ϓ ϢϬ˰ϳ΃έ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ϯήΧϷ΍ ϕήϔϟ΍ ϝ΄γ΃ ϚϟΫ ΪόΑ .ϊϴϤΠϟ΍ ϡΎϣ΃ ϒ˰ϴϛϭ ήΒ˰˰ϛ΃ ΓΪϧΎδϣ ϲϓ ϥϮόϤτϳ Ϟϫϭ ˬϢϬϟ ϢϬϠϴϣί ΓΪϧΎδϣ .ΎϬϧϭήϳ

ΔϴϟΎόϔϟ΍ αΎϴϗ β˰ϔϨΑϭ ΏϮϠ˰γϷ΍ β˰ϔϨΑ ΎϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ϲϓ ήϤΘδϧ ΎϨϧ΃ ΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϒϴϛ - ϑήόϧ ϥ΃ Ϊϳήϧ ϻ ϭ΃ - ϑήόϧ ϻϭ ˬΞ΋ΎΘϨϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϴΟΎΘϧ· ΓΩΎ˰˰˰ϳΰϟ Δ˰ϴϘϴϘΣ ΔϠϴ˰γϭ ΢˰ΒμΘϟ Ύ˰ϨΗΎϋΎϤΘΟ΍ έϮ˰τϧ Δ˰ΟέΩϭ ˬωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϴϠϋΎϓ αΎϴϘϟ ΔϘϳήσ ϚϳΪϟ Ϟϫ .Δϛήθϟ΍ Δ˰˰ϳάϐΗ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϠϟ ΞϬϨϣ ϙΎϨϫ Ϟϫϭ ˮΔΑϮϠτϤϟ΍ ΎϫήϳϮτΗ ˮΔϟ΄δϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϋ ΓΪΗήϣ ˯ΎμϘΘ˰˰γ΍ Δϗέϭ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ωίϭ ωΎϤΘΟ΍ Ϟϛ ΔϳΎϬϧ ϲϓ ϰ˰Ϡϋ έΎ˰γ ϱά˰˰ϟ΍ Ύϣ ϥ΍ϮϨϋ ΖΤΗ ˬϰϟϭϷ΍ :ΕΎϧΎΧ ΙϼΛ ΎϬΑ ϒ˰όο ρΎ˰Ϙϧ ϥ΍Ϯ˰Ϩϋ Ζ˰ΤΗ Δ˰˰ϴϧΎΜϟ΍ϭ ˭ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϓ ϡ΍ήϳ Ύϣ ϊ˰˰ϤΟ΍ .ϡΩΎ˰˰˰Ϙϟ΍ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϼϟ ΕΎ˰Σ΍ήΘϗ΍ Γήϴ˰ΧϷ΍ϭ ˭ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ϛ˰˰ϨϜϤϳ ΓΪΗήϣ ΔϳάϐΗ ϰϠϋ ϞμΤΘϟ ˬϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϕ΍έϭϷ΍ .ϲϟΎΘϟ΍ ωΎϤΘΟϼϟ ήϴπΤΘϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϬϨϣ ΓΩΎϔΘγϻ΍

Δϔϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ .ϝΎ˰ϤϋϷ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ϼϴϠϗϭ ϡϼϜϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΍ήϴΜϛ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϦϤπΘΗ .ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ Δ˰ϳ΃ Ϊ˰Ϙϋ ϥϭΪΑ ϞϤόϟ΍ ϲϓ έ΍ήϤΘγϻ΍ ΎϨϨϜϤϳ ϻ΃ Ϣ˰δϘϠϟ ϪϤϠδϳ ϢΛ ϪϧΎϜϣ ϲϓ ϪϠϤϋ ΰΠϨϳ ϥ΃ Ϣδϗ ϞϜϟ ϦϜϤϳ ϻ΃ ΪϘϋ ϲϓ ϪΘϗϭ ϊϴπϳ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ˬΔϳέ΍ΩϹ΍ ΔϴϠϤόϟ΍ ϲϓ ϪϴϠϳ ϱάϟ΍ ˮΖϗϮϠϟ Δόϴπϣ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζδϴϟ΃ ˮωΎϤΘΟ΍

ΔϧϮϠϤϟ΍ ρϮτΨϟ΍ ϻ· έ΍ήϘϟ΍ ΔϋΎϨλ ϲϓ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟϛ ϙ΍ήη· Ϊϳέ΃ ϲϧ΃ ϢϏέ ω΍ήΘ˰ϗ΍ ϱή˰Ο΃ Ύ˰ϣΪϨόϓ .ΓήϤϟΎ˰Α ϦϴΛήΘ˰Ϝϣ ήϴ˰Ϗ ϥϭΪ˰˰Βϳ ϢϬϧ΃ ΔϘϓ΍ϮϤϟΎΑ ϻ ϩΪϳ ϊϓήϳ Ϧϣ ΪΟ΃ ϻ ΔΣήΘϘϤϟ΍ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ϰϠϋ ϲϗΎ˰Α Ϧ˰ϋ ΍ΫΎ˰˰ϣ .ιΎΨη΃ ΔόΑέ΃ ϭ΃ ΔΛϼΛ ϢϬϠϟ΍ - ϲϔϨϟΎΑ ϻϭ ˮέ΍ήϘϟ΍ ΔϋΎϨλ ϲϓ ϢϬϛήη΃ ϒϴϛ ˮϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϙΎϨϬ˰˰ϓ Ύϣ έ΍ήϗ ϰϠϋ ΖϳϮμΘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϊϨΘϤϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϥϮΟΎ˰ΘΤϳ ϢϬ˰ϧ΃ ΎϬ˰ϨϤο Ϧ˰ϣ ϥϮ˰Ϝϳ Ϊ˰ϗ ˬϚϟάϟ ΓήϴΜϛ ΏΎΒγ΃ ϢϬ˰ϧ΃ ϭ΃ ˬΖ˰ϳϮμΘϟ΍ Ϟ˰Τϣ ωϮ˰οϮϤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϋ ήΜ˰˰ϛ΃ ΕΎϣϮϠόϣ Ωϭί Ϛ˰ϟΫ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ΐ˰ϠϐΘϠϟ .ήϴΛ΄˰˰Η Ϫϟ βϴϟ ϢϬΗϮλ ϥ΃ ϥϭΪϘΘόϳ ΐΘϛ΍ .ΔΑΎΘϜϠϟ ˯ΎπϴΑ ΔΣϮϟϭ ΔϧϮϠϣ ϡϼϗ΄Α ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ Δ˰ϧΎΧ :ΕΎ˰ϧΎΧ β˰˰ϤΧ ϰϟ· ΔΣϮϠϟ΍ Ϣδϗ .ΔΣϮϠϟ΍ ϕϮϓ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ Δ˰Ϙϓ΍ϮϤϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ϣϼϋ ϊ˰˰οϮϟ ϙήΘΗ ΔϧΎΧϭ ˭ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ΎϬϴϓ ΐΘϜΗ ΕΎ˰˰ϣϼϋ ϊοϮϟ ΔΜϟΎΛ ΔϧΎΧϭ ˭˯΍ήπΨϟ΍ ϡϼϗϷΎΑ ϞΤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΕΎ˰ϣϼϋ ϊ˰οϮϟ Δ˰όΑ΍έ Δ˰ϧΎΧϭ ˭˯΍ή˰˰ϤΤϟ΍ ϡϼϗϷΎΑ ξϓήϟ΍ ϊ˰οϮϟ Γήϴ˰Χ΃ Δ˰ϧΎΧϭ ˭ή˰˰ϔλϷ΍ ϥϮϠϟΎΑ ϞΤϠϟ ίΎϴΤϧϻ΍ ϡΪϋ ϰ˰ϟ· ΝΎ˰ΘΤϳ Ϟ˰Τϟ΍ ϥ΃ ϲ˰Ϩόϳ Ύ˰Ϥϣ ˯΍ΩϮ˰˰δϟ΍ ϡϼϗϷΎΑ ΕΎϣϼϋ Δ˰λήϔϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ς˰ϋ΃ .ΔοΎϔΘ˰γϻ΍ϭ Ρή˰˰θϟ΍ Ϧϣ Ϊϳΰϣ Ϟ˰ϛ ϊ˰πϳ ϥ΃ ΐ˰Πϳ ˬϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ ϡΎϣ΃ ΔϧϮϠϤϟ΍ ρϮτΨϟ΍ ϊοϮϟ ΩϮ˰γϷ΍ ϥϮϠϟΎ˰Α ϻϭ΃ Ϣ˰Θϫ΍ .Ϟ˰Σ Ϟ˰˰ϛ ϡΎϣ΃ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ Δϣϼϋ Ωήϓ ϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ˯Ϯ˰πϟ΍ ˯Ύ˰Ϙϟ· Ϧ˰˰ϣ ΪϳΰϤϟ ΖϗϮϟ΍ ξόΑ ςϋ΃ϭ ΖϳϮμΘϟ΍ ήΟ΍ ϢΛ .ΓήϴΜϛ ˯΍ΩϮγ ΕΎϣϼϋ ϰϠϋ ϞμΤΗ ϲΘϟ΍ .ϖΑΎδϟ΍ ϚϴϨϜΘϟ΍ βϔϨΑ ˬϲ΋ΎϬϨϟ΍

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

Ϊ˰˰ϴϋ΍Ϯϣϭ Ύ˰˰ϫάϴϔϨΗ Ϧ˰˰ϋ ϦϴϟϮΌ˰˰δϤϟ΍ϭ ϝϮ˰˰˰ϠΤϟ΍ Ϊ˰ϳΪΤΗ Ϊ˰όΑ ϡϮ˰Ϙϳ ˬϞ˰˰Ϥϋ ϖϳήϓ ϦϳϮϜΗ ϝϮΌδϣ Ϟϛ Ϧϣ ΐϠσ΍ .ϝΎϤϜΘγϻ΍ ή˰ϛάϳ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϟΫ Ϧϣ ϢϫϷ΍ .ϢϬΑ ΔλΎΨϟ΍ άϴϔϨΘϟ΍ ΔτΧ ϢϴϤμΘΑ .ϥϮϜΗ ϰΘϣϭ Ϧϳ΃ ˬάϴϔϨΘϟΎΑ ˯ΪΒϟ΍ ΔτϘϧ ΔτΨϟΎΑ

Δ˰ΣήΘϘϤϟ΍ ϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ Ϊ˰˰Σ΃ άϴϔϨΗ ϰϠϋ ϕΎϔΗϻ΍ ϢΗ ΎϤϠϛϭ ."ϰΘϣ" ϝ΄˰˰γ΍ ˬωΎ˰˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Δ˰˰˰ϳΎϬϧ ϲ˰ϓ ."΍ΫΎ˰ϣ" ΩϮ˰Ϥϋ Ϟ˰Χ΍Ω Ϫ˰ϧϭΩ ϰ˰ΘΣϭ ˮ΍ΫΎ˰ϣ ά˰ϴϔϨΗ Ϧ˰ϋ ϻϮΌ˰δϣ ϥϮϜϴ˰˰γ Ϧϣ" :ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰Τϟ΍ ϡΎϣ΃ ϞΣ Ϟϛ άϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϦϴϟϮΌδϤϟ΍ ˯ΎϤγ΃ ϥϭΩ ."ˮϰΘϣ ΪϋϮϣ ΪϳΪΤΗ άϴϔϨΘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΐϠσ΍ ."Ϧϣ" ΔϧΎΧ ϲϓ .ϰΘϣ ΔϧΎΧ ϲϓ ΩΪΤϤϟ΍ ΪϋϮϤϟ΍ ϥϭΩ .ϝΎϤϜΘγϼϟϭ ΔόΑΎΘϤϠϟ

Ϟ˰˰Σ Ϟ˰˰˰ϛ ϡΎ˰ϣ΃ ΕΎ˰ϣϼόϟ΍ ΩΪ˰ϋ ϥϮ˰Ϝϳ ϥ΃ ΐ˰Πϳ :Δ˰χϮΤϠϣ .ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΩΪϋ ϱϭΎδϳ

΢ϴΟήΘϟ΍ ΕΎΟέΩ Ύϣ ΍Ϋ· Ϣϫήϣ΃ ΍ϮϣΰΤϳ ϥ΃ ϥϮόϴτΘδϳ ϻ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΪϳΪϋ ϢϬ˰˰Θϗϭ ϊ˰ϴπϳ Ϛ˰ϟάϟ ˬϝϮ˰ϠΤϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϴΑ Δ˰ϠοΎϔϤϟΎΑ ή˰ϣϷ΍ ϖ˰ϠόΗ ϥ΃ ϥϭΩ ˬή˰˰Χ΁ϭ Ϟ˰˰Σ Ϧ˰˰ϴΑ ΩΩήΘ˰˰ϟ΍ ϲ˰˰˰ϓ ωΎ˰ϤΘΟϻ΍ Ζ˰ϗϭϭ ˬϢ˰ϫήϣ΃ ϥϮ˰ϣΰΤϳ ˯ϻΆϫ ϞόΟ΃ ϒϴϛ .ΎϫΪΣ΃ ϰϠϋ ΍ϭήϘΘδϳ ˮϢϬΗ΍έΎϴΘΧ΍ ϲϓ ϥϮϘΜϳϭ Ϫ˰ϟ ϥϮ˰Ϝϳ ΔϴμΨ˰η ΢˰ϴΟήΗ ΕΎ˰ΟέΩ Γή˰θϋ Ωή˰ϓ Ϟϛ ςϋ΃ ϝϮ˰˰ϠΤϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϯή˰ϳ ΎϤΒ˰δΣ ΎϬ˰όϳίϮΗ ϲ˰ϓ ϑή˰μΘϟ΍ Δ˰ϳήΣ βϤΧ ΓήΘϓ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΢Ϩϣ΃ .˯ΎπϴΒϟ΍ ΔΣϮϠϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔΑϮΘϜϤϟ΍ .Ϟ˰Σ Ϟ˰ϛ ϡΎ˰ϣ΃ ΔϴμΨ˰θϟ΍ ΢ϴΟήΘ˰ϟ΍ ΕΎ˰ΟέΩ ϊοϮϟ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ ΐΣΎ˰λ Ϟ˰Τϟ΍ ήΘ˰Χ΍ .Ϟ˰Σ Ϟ˰Ϝϟ Δ˰˰ΣϮϨϤϤϟ΍ ΕΎΟέΪϟ΍ ϊϤΟ΃ .ΔϴΤϴΟήΗ ΕΎΟέΩ ϰϠϋ΃

˯ΪΒϟ΍ ΔτϘϧ

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

ˬΎ˰ϫάϴϔϨΗ Ϧϋ ϦϴϟϮΌδϤϟ΍ ΩΪΤϧϭ ϝϮϠΤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϖϔΘϧ Ϊϗ ˬΎϨδΣ ϲϬ˰ΘϨΗ Ϟ˰˰ϫ ˮςΒπϟΎΑ ΃ΪΒϧ Ϧϳ΃ Ϧϣ ϦϜϟ .ϝΎϤϜΘγϻ΍ Ϊϴϋ΍Ϯϣϭ ϑή˰όϧ ϥ΃ Ϊ˰Αϻ .ϻ ϊΒτϟΎ˰˰Α ˮΎϬϨϋ ϝϮΌδϤϟ΍ ΪϳΪΤΘΑ ΔϠϜθϤϟ΍ ϰ˰˰Ϡϋ ˯ϲη Ϟϛ ϥ΃ Ϧϣ Ϊϛ΄ΘϨϟ ˬϕϼτϧϻ΍ ΔτϘϧϭ ϞϤόϟ΍ ΔτΧ ˮ΍άϬΑ ϡϮϘϧ ϒϴϜϓ .ϡ΍ήϳ Ύϣ

7

(˺̂​̂̀ ϞϳήΑ΃) ϊΑΎδϟ΍ ΩΪόϟ΍ – ΔδϣΎΨϟ΍ ΔϨδϟ΍

ΔλϼΨϟ΍ αήϬϓ

ΎϬ˰ΒΣΎμϳ Ύ˰ϣΪϨϋ ˬςϘϓ ˬΖϗϮϠϟ Δόϴπϣ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΢ΒμΗ ΩΎ˰Θόϳ ϥ΃ Ϟ˰˰Βϗ ϰϟϭϷ΍ ϞΣ΍ήϤϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϴγϻ ˬΪϴϘόΘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήϴΜϛ Ϣ˰ϫ΃ ϲ˰ϫ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϥϷ ΍ή˰ψϧ Ϧ˰Ϝϟϭ .ΎϬ˰˰ϴϠϋ ϥϮϔχϮϤϟ΍ ίΎ˰ϴΘΟΎΑ ωή˰δΗ ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϴϠϋ ˬΔϛή˰θϟ΍ Ϟ˰˰Χ΍Ω ϝΎμΗϻ΍ Ϟ΋Ύγϭ ΏϮϠ˰γϸϟ Ύ˰ϘΒσ ˬΎϬ˰ϴϠϋ Ϛ˰ϴϔχϮϣ ΩϮ˰όΗϭ ˬϰ˰˰ϟϭϷ΍ ΎϬϠΣ΍ήϣ ϢϬ˰˰πόΑ ϥϭή˰˰ϳ ϚΘϛή˰˰˰η ϲ˰ϔχϮϣ Ϟ˰όΟ΍ .Ϫ˰ϴπΗήΗ ϱά˰ϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟ΍ ή˰˰ϜΘΒΗ Ϊϗ ϼΜϣ .ΓήϤΘδϣ ΔϔμΑ ϥϮόϤΘΠϳϭ ϞΒϗ ϖ΋ΎϗΩ βϤΧ Ϧϋ ΪϳΰΗ ϻ ΓΪϤϟ ΡΎΒλ Ϟϛ έήϜΘΗ ϒϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ϫ˰Ϩϣ Ϟ˰˰μΤϳϭ ˬϪϠϴϣί Ωήϓ Ϟϛ ϯήϳ ΚϴΣ ˬϞϤόϟ΍ ˯ΪΑ Δ˰˰ϔϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ΕΎ˰˰˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ .Δ˰ΣέΎΒϟ΍ ϝΎ˰Ϥϋ΃ Ϧ˰ϋ ΓΪ˰Ηήϣ Δ˰ϳάϐΗ ήϴ˰ϜϔΘϟ΍ Δϋή˰γϭ έΎ˰˰μΘΧϻ΍ ϰϠϋ ϦϴϔχϮϤϟ΍ ΩϮόΗ ΓήϴμϘϟ΍ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϓ

˺ ............................................. Δϔ΋΍ΰϟ΍

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˻ ............................................... ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϰϨόϣ

˻ .................................. Ϊ΋ΎϘϟ΍ ΔϴϟϮΌδϣ ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ˻ ........................................ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϼϟ

ήϴπΤΘϟ΍

˻ ................................... ωΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϝΎϤϋ΃ ϝϭΪΟ ˻ ......................................... ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ΔϋΎϗ ˻ ........................................ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΕΎϴϠϘϋ ˼ ....................................................... ϢϳΪϘΘϟ΍ ˼ ..................................................... ήϴϬτΘϟ΍ ˼ .............................................. Ϊϋ΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϊοϭ ˼ .................................................... ΕΎϘϠόϤϟ΍ ˽ ....................................................... ΖϗϮϟ΍ ˽ ..................................................... νήόϟ΍ ˽ ................................................. ΕϻΎϤΘΣϻ΍ ˽ ...................................................... ΔϴΗ΍άϟ΍

:ΔϣΎϋ ΕΎψΣϼϣ ϕ΍έϭϷ΍ ϰ˰Ϡϋ ϢϬ΋ΎϤ˰γ΃ Δ˰˰ΑΎΘϛ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΐϠτΗ ϻ (˺) ˯ΎμϘΘ˰γ΍ ˯΍ή˰Ο· νή˰˰ϐΑ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΎϬϋίϮΗ ϲΘϟ΍ Ϧ˰˰ϴΑ Δ˰˰ϘΜϟ΍ ˯Ύ˰˰˰ϨΒϟ ϰ˰ϟϭϷ΍ Ϟ˰Σ΍ήϤϟ΍ ϲ˰ϓ ΎϤϴ˰γϻ .Ϧ˰ϴόϣ ϥϭΎ˰όΘϟ΍ Ρϭέ ΓΩΎϴ˰γϭ Δ˰ϘΜϟ΍ ˯Ύ˰ϨΑ Ϊ˰˰όΑ ϦϜϟϭ .ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ϥϭΩ Ϣϫ˯ΎϤ˰γ΃ ϥϮ˰ΒΘϜϳ Ϧ˰˰ϴόϤΘΠϤϟ΍ ΪΠΘδϓ Δϛήθϟ΍ ϞΧ΍Ω ϲ˰Θϟ΍ ΔϠΌ˰γϷ΍ Δϴ˰γΎδΣ ΖϧΎ˰˰ϛ ΎϤϬϣ ˬϚϟΫ ϢϬϨϣ ΐϠτΗ ϥ΃ .˯ΎμϘΘγϻ΍ ϲϓ ϢϬϟ ΎϬϬΟϮΗ

Γέ΍ΩϹ΍

˾ ...................................................... ΔΣ΍ήϟ΍ ˾ ......................................................ΔϛήΤϟ΍ ˾ ........................................ ΐόϠϟ΍ϭ

ήϴϜϔΘϟ΍ Ε΍ϭΩ΃

˾ ................................................... ϰϘϴγϮϤϟ΍

/ ΔϔϠϜΘϟ΍ ϞϴϠΤΗ ˾ ..................................................................... ΔϔϟϷ΍ ˾ .......................................... Ϊ΋Ύόϟ΍

ϥ΃ Ϛ˰ϴϠϋ ΔϘΑΎ˰δϟ΍ Ε΍Ϯ˰τΨϟ΍ Ϧ˰ϣ ΓϮ˰˰τΧ ϱ΃ άϴϔϨΗ ϞΒϗ (˻) .ΎϬϨϣ ϑΪϬϟ΍ ϢϬϟ ΢οϮΗ ϥ΃ϭ ϦϴόϤΘΠϤϠϟ ΎϬΣήθΗ

˿ .......................................... ΔΣϮΘϔϤϟ΍ ΔϠΌγϷ΍

Γ΍Ω΃ ΢˰˰ΒμΗ ϥ΃ Ϧ˰ϜϤϴϓ ˬϦ˰ϳΪΣ ϭΫ Ρϼ˰γ ΕΎ˰ϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ (˼) Ρϭέ ΰϳΰόΗϭ Γ˯ΎϨΒϟ΍ ΕΎΣ΍ήΘϗϻ΍ ΪϴϟϮΗϭ ΔϴΟΎΘϧϹ΍ ΓΩΎϳΰϟ ϯή˰Χ΃ Δ˰ϴΣΎϧ Ϧ˰ϣϭ .Δ˰ϴΣΎϧ Ϧ˰ϣ ˬΔϛήθϟ΍ ϞΧ΍Ω ϥϭΎόΘϟ΍ ήΒ˰˰ϛ΃ϭ Δϛή˰θϟ΍ Ζ˰ϗϮϟ Δ˰όϴπϣ ήΒ˰ϛ΃ ΢˰ΒμΗ ϥ΃ ΎϬ˰ϨϜϤϳ ϰ˰Ϡϋ Ϊ˰ϤΘόΗ Δϟ΄˰δϤϟ΍ .Ω΍ή˰ϓϷ΍ Ϧ˰ϴΑ ϥϭΎόΘϟ΍ Ρϭήϟ ήϣΪϣ .ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ Γέ΍Ω· ΏϮϠγ΃

˿ .............................................. ΔϟΩΎΒΘϤϟ΍

Ε΍ήϛάϤϟ΍

˿ ..................................................... ΔϴϔμΘϟ΍ ˿ ..........................................................ϰΘϣϭ

.. Ϧϣ

̀ ............................................................ ˯ΪΒϟ΍

ΔτϘϧ

̀ ....................................................... ΔϴϟΎόϔϟ΍

αΎϴϗ

̀ ........................................... ΔϧϮϠϤϟ΍ ρϮτΨϟ΍ ̀ ...........................................΢ϴΟήΘϟ΍ ΕΎΟέΩ ̀ .....................................................ΓΪϧΎδϤϟ΍

ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍ ϲϓ ΔϴϓΎο· ΐΘϛ .

EFFECTIVE MEETING SKILLS: A Practical Guide for More Productive Meetings. Marion E. Haynes.

2.

MANIPULATING MEETINGS: How to get what you want when you want it. David Martin.

3.

MEETINGS MANAGEMENT: A Manual of Effective Training Material. By Leslie Rae.

4.

MEETINGS THAT WORK!: A Practical Guide to Shorter & More Productive Meetings. By Chang, Richard, Associates, Inc.

5.

MEETINGS: How to Hold ’em, When to fold ‘em. By Ruth T. Kingdon, Marlys E. Neis.

6.

THE MEETING PLANNERS’ COMPLETE GUIDE TO NEGOTIATING: You Can Get What You Want.Institute for Meeting & Conference Mnangement. By Stanley Wolfson.

ϝΎϤϋϷ΍ ϞΟέϭ ήϳΪϤϟ΍ ΐΘϛ ΕΎλϼΧ

̀ ....................................... Δϔϗ΍Ϯϟ΍ ΕΎϋΎϤΘΟϻ΍

́

ΏΎΘϜϟ΍ ΕΎϧΎϴΑ Title: Team Think.

Author: Ava S. Butler.

Publisher: McGraw- Hill.

Pages: 220.

ISBN: 0-07-009432-2.

Date: 996.