SARAH MORRIS ARCH 322 Spring 2012 Professor C. Bergum University of Hawaii at Manoa
Truro Beach House Architect: Zero Energy Design
Foam Insulation PV Panels Maximize Light Efficiency Indigenous Plants Renewable Furniture Low – No VOC Materials Permeable Driveway
Yannell Residence Architect: Farr Associates
Butterfly Roof Permeable Pavement Recycled Contents Low Flow Water Features Zero VOC Paints
The Lighthouse UK Architect: Sheppard Robson
High Performance Structural Insulated Panels (SIPS) Pitched Roof with Solar Panels Water Efficient Features
The H4H Hale is a proposal for Honolulu, Hawaii to utilized for future Habitat for Humanity construction projects utilizing innovative technologies, basic passive methods, and considerations of landscape and neighborhood into the design. The H4H Hale addresses the natural trade winds provided through topography, moderate to heavy rainfalls seasonally, and sunlight opportunities. This design also adheres to a multitude of LEED objectives to reduce the overall impact of the carbon footprint. This simple home alters the basics and creates a uniquely intimate residence on the corner of the local neighborhood Papalokea, ready for its new family. The design features that I introduced in this design to reduce the effects of construction include: aluminum louvers, indigenous plants, indoor plants, low-flow water features, maximize light efficiency, natural ventilation, photo voltaic panels, porous pavement, repurposed furnishings, spray foam insulation, rainwater catchment, vinyl siding, water catchment system, and zero VOC paints.
The orientation of the structure maximizes the use of wind. Whereby, when the windows are opened, every room is designed to be able to redirect air. With two windows in each bedroom and living space, the opportunity for natural ventilation is enhanced, in addition, a wind tunnel opportunity from air descending from the northern elevations envelopes the southern facade. The landscaping creates shading and privacy from neighbors, if needed, to enjoy the outdoor space created. The concrete slab for the outdoor space is a porous pavement, which can absorb water and redirect into irrigation pipes below into the watch catchment system or into the local runoff system. The blue containers are recycling bins, which allow the homeowner to sort recyclable as needed.
Having a glass door that leads out to the covered exterior courtyard gives a sense of additional space, without the additional square footage. This space provides a nice gathering moment for friends and family. The glass door not only acts as a passage to access the back yard, but permits wind to infiltrate. Even on heavy rain days, the designed retaining wall can deflect the quantity, while allowing excess to permeate through the porous aspect of the concrete. And keeping in mind the accessibility for all users, a small sloped ramp is provided.
The front exemplifies the use of vinyl siding, green vertical trellis’, a bike rack, photo voltaic panels, local lava rocks, and landscaping to control erosion. The use of vinyl is apparent on the siding and decking. Vinyl is a low cost option with low maintenance, while providing a clean aesthetic to the home. The decking ramped up, is raised 1 foot to give a bit of aesthetic and protection from the heavy rains. For cooler days, the warmth is maintained, without air infiltration, due to the application of spray foam insulation. The vertical trellis’ can provide owners the option to grow vegetation as well as reducing the heat gain. The bike rack is a nice option for the owner and company who choose to ride over or who catch the local bus. The photovoltaic panels help reduce energy costs while catching the warm western rays.
The interior space creates a well-lit atmosphere for an intimate gathering, as the elongated fixed windows frame the west landscaped views. Heat gain is also reduced with the assistance of non-mechanical aluminum louvers which provide shade or glare onto the windows. By providing indoor plants, not only provides a beautiful aesthetic, but also decreases the airborne pollutants that can cause poor indoor air quality.
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/h onolulu-hawaii.html
TEMPURATURES & RAINFALL
http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate.php?location=US HI0026
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
WIND DIRECTIONS
http://www.windfinder.com/windstats/windst atistic_honolulu_airport.htm
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
DESIGN FEATURES
Aluminum Louvers Indigenous Plants Low Flow Water Features Maximize Light Efficiency Natural Ventilation Photo Voltaic Panels Porous Pavement Repurposed Furnishings Spray Foam Insulation Vinyl Siding and Decking Water Catchment System Zero VOC Paints
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Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
NORTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
SOUTH ELEVATION
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EAST – WEST SECTION
SOUTH - NORTH SECTION
WEST – EAST SECTION
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
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Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
FRONT SOUTHWEST EXTERIOR
BACK NORTHEAST EXTERIOR
INTERIOR VIEW OF KITCHEN
INTERIOR VIEW OF LIVINGROOM
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Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
Natural Ventilation Indigenous Plants Re-purposed Furnishings Porous Pavement Insulated Vinyl Siding Aluminum Awnings Photo Voltaic Panels Spray Foam Insulation Rainwater Catchment/Storm Water Control Zero VOC Paints Low-Flow Water Fixtures Maximize Light Efficiency
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
ALUMINUM LOUVERS Prevents unwanted solar heat gain Reduce 60%-90% of UV rays Reduce electricity bills Window thermal performance increased about 15%
Kokio ke‘oke‘o Hibiscus arnottianus ‘Ōhi‘a Metrosideros spp. Naio Myoporum sandwicense
Address: 580 Auwaiolimu Street City, St: Honolulu, HI 96813 Neighborhood: Papakolea TMK: 24041020 Lot Sq. Ft.: 7,396 Latitude: +21.30694 (21°18'24.984"N) Longitude: -157.85833 (157°51'29.988"W)
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
Natural Ventilation Indigenous Plants Re-purposed Furnishings Porous Pavement Insulated Vinyl Siding Aluminum Awnings Photo Voltaic Panels Spray Foam Insulation Rainwater Catchment/Storm Water Control Zero VOC Paints Low-Flow Water Fixtures Maximize Light Efficiency
• • •
Captures, filters and reduces storm water runoff Eliminates need for ponds, swales, and other storm water management devices – thus reducing initial construction costs LEED applicable: • Storm water Management (6) • Minimize Site Disturbance (SS 5) • Local (M 5) • Recycled Content (M 4): fly ash, slag cement, or silica fume substitute for cement • Cool (SS 7): Reduces heat island effect
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NATURAL VENTILATION DIAGRAM FLOOR PLAN NATURAL VENTILATION DIAGRAM SECTION
N
N
U = 1/∑R U = 1/41.55+40.65+15.93+42.53 U = 1/140.66 U = 7.1
Roof Air Film Outside, Summer, 7.5 mph Grey Asphalt Shingle 0/30 lbs felt 1/2” Douglas Fir Plywood 3”-8” Airspace 12” Thermal Batt Insulation ½ Gypsum Wood Board Air Film Inside Roof Average
R 0.25 0.44 0.62 1.00 38.00 0.32 0.92 41.55
Wall Air Film Outside, Winter, 15 mph 1 1-2” Prodigy Insulated Vinyl Siding 1/2” Structural Plywood ½” Air Space 12” Thermal Batt Insulation Repurposed Douglas Fir Stud ½” Gypsum Wood Board Air Film Stud / Batt Wall Average
= =
0.0 1.25
-
1.25 5.91
/ /
0.17 5.00 0.62 0.90 38.00 0.0 0.45 0.68 45.82 40.65
=
0.25 15.00 0.68 15.93
Entry Door Air Film Outside Single, Metal Insulating (2" w/ urethane) Inside Air Indoor Door Average Floor Air Film Inside (Horizontal, Upward, Non-Reflective) Carpet (fibrous pad) 5/8” Douglas Fir Plywood 3” Air Space 2X8 @ 16” 12” Thermal Batt Insulation ½” Douglas Fir Plywood Outside Air Stud / Batt Floor Average
0.0 8.3
-
11.46
/
0.92 2.08 0.77 1.00 0.0 38.00 0.62 0.17 43.56 42.53
Heating Load Calculations
N
Honolulu, HI
Design DB/WD 87.8/73.1
Daily Range 12.4
CDD50F 9949
Summer
Peak Hourly Load
A
u
ΔT = 65 – 62.8
Roof
1054.00
.0241
2.2°F
963.95 Btuh
Walls
337.17
.0239
2.2°F
145.02 Btuh
Door Entry
21.00
.1464
2.2°F
6.76 Btuh
1920.34
.0985
2.2°F
416.23 Btuh
.018
.25
19203.40
190.11 Btuh
Floor Infiltration
Total Btuh
686.64
1. Change Glass to Heat absorbing Double Glass Savings
N
Glass Door N Glass Door E-W Glass Door S
(A=40sf) (ΔDCLF = 3˚F) (A=20sf) (ΔDCLF = 2˚F) (A=46sf) (ΔDCLF = 2˚F)
120 Btuh 40 Btuh 92 Btuh
2. Add Radiant Barrier to Roof & Walls, Cool Roof, Green Wall E/W: Roof
Walls
Walls
Walls
(u = 0.0023)(A = 988sf)(DETD = 31°F) Old Roof Savings E (u = 0.038)(A = 247sf)(DETD = 13°F) + W (u = 0.0588)(A = 113sf)(DETD = 23°F) + W (u = 0.0588)(A = 78sf)(DETD = 13°F) Old Savings N (u = 0.058)(A = 268sf)(DETD = 13) Old Savings S (u = 0.058)(A = 258sf)(DETD = 16) Old Savings
704 Btuh 1,274 Btuh 570 Btuh
387 Btuh 695 Btuh 298 Btuh 202 Btuh 240 Btuh 38 Btuh 241 Btuh 288 Btuh 47 Btuh
Sensible Savings Latent Savings Sensible + Latent Savings
1,199 Btuh 360 Btuh 1,559 Btuh
3a. Add Natural Cross- Ventilation Cooling
9,250 Btuh
Cooling Load Calculations Honolulu
N
Design DB/WD 87.8/73.1
Daily Range 12.4
CDD50F 9949
Summer
BTUH
u
A
DETD
Rentable Space Walls N Walls E-W Wall S
0.0241 0.0239 0.0239 0.0239
1054.00 740.71 337.17 448.33
38 8 18 11
963.95 141.59 145.02 117.84
Glass Door S Floor
0.0985
21.00 1920.34
14 0
294.00 0.00
Infiltration
1054
1
1054.00
Occupants
#of Person 4
BTUH/p 230
920.00
Lights
100.00
Equipment
Sources: 1.
Textbook, Table F.5 p1654
2.
Textbook, Table F.6 p1656
3.
Textbook, Table F.7 p1657
4.
Textbook, Table F.8 p1657
5.
Textbook Table F. 8.33 p. 285
Total Sensible Latent Gains
1200 4936.40 987.28
Total Latent and Sensible Heat Gains
5923.68
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Catchment Use Honolulu, HI annual rainfall is 21 in. Design Rainfall is 2/3 x 21in. = 14 in. Single Family Usage is 50 gal/person x 4 persons x 365 days = 73,000 gal Fig 20.5 (a) 1,664 SF Catchment area = 12,000 gal or 16.4% (of total usage) Water Conserving toilet @ 1.8 gal x 4 person x 3/day = 22 gal x 365 = 8,030 gal (This leaves 12,000-8,030 gal, or, 3,970 gal/yr. for irrigation / storage) (Use rainwater to supply toilet & balance to irrigation) Cistern Capacity Honolulu, HI annual rainfall breakdown per season is: Winter 8.65 in Spring 2.40 in Summer 1.80 in Autumn 7.78 in Since seasonal variation exists, a 60 day supply capacity is calculated to be: Volume = 3970 gal /6 mo. = 662 gal. capacity cistern Size of cistern = 662 gal / 7.48 gal /ft3 = 89 ft3 = (2) x 2.67ft. dia. X 8ft. tall tanks