UWC INNOVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY
LET’S INNOVATE TOGETHER – FROM HOPE TO ACTION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE
FOREWORD FROM THE DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR: RESEARCH AND INNOVATION
In an era marked by rapid technological advancement and pressing global challenges, the transfer of knowledge and innovation from academic institutions to society is more critical than ever. For universities, technology transfer serves not only as a conduit for translating research into practical applications but also as a catalyst for addressing complex societal issues. At the University of the Western Cape (UWC), we recognize that our innovations hold transformative potential, aligning closely with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and offering solutions to some of the most urgent challenges facing humanity today.
The forthcoming Innovation Booklet is a testament to this commitment.
By showcasing UWC’s most promising innovations, this publication highlights the significance of our research in realworld contexts. It elevates awareness of the UWC Technology Transfer Office (TTO)’s vital role in bridging the gap between academia, industry and society, solidifying UWC’s reputation as a leader in innovation for social impact. This booklet not only informs but inspires, demonstrating the ways in which academic inquiry can translate into tangible benefits for communities and industries alike.
In presenting these innovations, the booklet aims to articulate their alignment with the SDGs and showcase their potential to effect meaningful change. Each entry illustrates how our research can address critical issues
such as health care, sustainability, and education, underlining the university’s commitment to fostering an inclusive and sustainable future. This resource will be invaluable for fostering campus-wide engagement, encouraging collaboration among students, faculty, and staff, while also serving as a strategic tool for external stakeholders.
By reinforcing partnerships with industry and community leaders, we can amplify the reach and application of our research outputs, ensuring that UWC remains at the forefront of innovation that truly matters. As we embark on this journey, the Innovation Booklet stands as a beacon of our collective efforts to harness knowledge for the greater good.
Professor Josè
Frantz
Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research and Innovation,
2025
FOREWORD FROM THE DIRECTOR
As a research-led institution, UWC is dedicated to contributing to the transformation of society through cutting-edge research and innovation. We are committed to harnessing the power of knowledge to contribute meaningfully to societal transformation, positioning UWC as a leading force for change. Our research efforts are designed not just to push the boundaries of academic understanding but to generate real-world solutions that address critical challenges facing our society, closely aligned with the global SDGs. The innovations presented in this publication are a reflection of our belief that research should not only advance knowledge but also deliver tangible benefits that make a difference in the real world.
As the Deputy Vice-Chancellor: R&I has highlighted, technology and knowledge transfer play an essential role in bridging the gap between academic research and its practical applications in society. At UWC, the Technology Transfer Office (TTO) plays a pivotal role in facilitating this process, ensuring that the incredible ideas generated by our researchers are developed into solutions that can be applied to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. Our mission at the TTO is to help bridge the gap between academic discovery
and its broader societal applications, whether through commercialisation, partnerships, or social initiatives. The innovations showcased in this booklet exemplify UWC’s efforts to turn knowledge into action, transforming discoveries into tools for social, environmental, and economic impact.
This publication is a celebration of the exceptional work of our researchers, who dedicate their expertise and creativity to developing transformative solutions. Their commitment to excellence, passion and perseverance are at the heart of what makes UWC a leader in innovation with a purpose. Equally, I would like to recognize the
efforts of the TTO team, whose support is crucial in helping our researchers bring their ideas to life, providing guidance and resources to turn research into innovations with societal value.
As you explore the innovations in this booklet, we hope you are inspired by the ingenuity and commitment of our researchers. Together, we are shaping a future in which research leads to impactful, sustainable solutions that improve the lives of people and communities.
Ana Casanueva Director: Technology Transfer Office, 2025
From left to right: Technology Transfer Manager: Aisha Mahomed Ali, TTO Director: Ana Casanueva, Technology Transfer Specialist: Commercialisation: Luan Africa, Technology Transfer Officer: Intellectual Property and Bioprospecting: Njabulo Kubheka, Technology Transfer Specialist: IP & Contracts: Monique Heystek, Administrative Officer: Oko Lwana
CAN
GREENER ON THE OTHER SIDE 6
EDUCATORS FOR PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT 8 LESSONS IN RESILIENCE WITH ZIMKHITHA FAMILY PROGRAMMETM
10 PLANT-POWERED NANOPARTICLES FOR SAFER SKINCARE 12 EDUCATE TO ERADICATE: HEALTH-BASED TOOLKIT FOR TEENS
ASHES TO ARCHITECTURE WITH GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
FROM WASTE TO WONDER WITH BLACK SOLDIER FLY
20 LEADING THE CHARGE WITH HYSA SYSTEMS
22 WE CARE: EMPOWERED DOMESTIC WORKERS
24 A NATURAL BOOST FOR MENTAL WELL-BEING 26 ENHANCING PHARMA DELIVERY WITH ESSENTIAL OILS
IBATECH®: LIFE CAN BE GREENER ON THE OTHER SIDE
In today’s interconnected world, where environmental consciousness is on the rise and food security is paramount, the agricultural sector finds itself at a unique juncture. Balancing the growing demands of a burgeoning population with the imperative to safeguard our planet’s resources poses a significant challenge. iBATECH®, developed at the Department of Medical Biosciences, is challenging conventional boundaries within agriculture, addressing multiple Sustainable Development Goals while taking the lead in sustainable solutions for a better future.
Traditionally, farmers have relied on synthetic fertilisers to enhance crop growth to meet food demand. These have several drawbacks that can result in decreased agricultural productivity and cause several health hazards. Biostimulants (biofertilisers) are useful alternatives to synthetic fertilisers, reducing environmental pollution and serving as nutrient alternatives, especially in organic and regenerative farming systems.
iBATECH® is a natural biostimulant developed and registered for the agricultural input industry. At its essence lies a meticulously
crafted formulation derived from extracts of the indigenous Kraalbos plant (Galenia africana), selected for their rich reservoir of flavonoids boasting unparalleled antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
iBATECH® trials show it boosts chlorophyll, nitrogen, and flavonoid content in crops, enhancing their natural defenses against pests and diseases. The product is being commercialized in the agrochemical industry as a registered ‘Group 3 Biostimulant,’ improving plant growth, yield, and soil condition while reducing environmental impact. With its organic composition, iBATECH® aligns with the growing demand for natural, eco-friendly agricultural inputs and supports the shift toward regenerative farming practices. As consumers increasingly seek sustainable farming solutions online, iBATECH® meets their needs and values.
The product’s compatibility with organic farming practices emphasises its role as a linchpin in the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems. Licensed to a local SMME working with local distributors, iBATECH® is poised to make a significant impact.
iBATECH® is a natural bio-stimulant derived from the Kraalbos plant, designed to enhance crop yields, improve soil health, and reduce the environmental impact of agriculture.
The commercialisation partners undertake projects to combat food insecurity and household hunger in underprivileged communities, by capacitating community food growers with innnovative production systems and growing starter kits that include iBATECH®.
By supporting organic farming, iBATECH® contributes to healthier ecosystems and promotes sustainable practices that can be adopted by smallholder farmers. Moreover, the use of locally sourced Kraalbos extracts supports regional biodiversity and provides economic opportunities for local communities involved in harvesting and processing these natural resources.
EMPOWERING EDUCATORS FOR PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORT
Healthy early childhood development is crucial for success and happiness throughout a person’s life. It’s not just about how well a child speaks or reads; the environment surrounding a child can significantly impact their optimal development. Schools play a decisive role not only in education but also in promoting health among children, families, and communities through targeted healthpromotion programs. Educators, on the other hand, are confronted with numerous leaner related psycho-social issues and require support in managing these complexities.
Despite many years of schooling, a great many students frequently face psycho-social impairments that hinder their educational progress which most often results in dropouts. Early diagnosis of these psycho-social issues could enable the implementation of strategies to support these learners, potentially improving educational outcomes. However, there is currently limited research regarding instruments in South Africa, that assess psycho-social health and wellbeing of learners in the early childhood phase.
To address this, the Genesis School Health and Wellbeing Scorecard TM was developed
by the UWC’s Department of Social Work. This tool can be implemented by education authorities. The scorecard offers educators an effective, easy-to-use, and standardised tool to help assess children and identify challenges that might otherwise hinder their optimal development. Results are comparable between classes and schools which may enable better resource allocation by the education authority.
The scorecard is designed to help identify general issues such as learners at risk, critical areas that need to be addressed, and provides tracking over time. The approach is holistic, incorporating and addressing the overall wellbeing of the learner, and leads to the identification of immediate first-line interventions that ultimately contribute to increased pass rates. Available in English, isiXhosa, and Afrikaans, the scorecard is an A4 folded card with five sections. It includes learner demographic details and four categories covering cognitive functioning. Assessments are conducted quarterly and take, on average, just six minutes to complete per learner. Evidence shows that the right initiatives within schools can positively influence the overall health of both children and society.
Equipping educators with a practical scorecard to identify and address learners’ psycho-social needs early, promoting healthier and more productive futures
LESSONS IN RESILIENCE WITH ZIMKHITHA FAMILY PROGRAMME™
It is often said that life today is as hard and challenging a time as can be. Families from all walks of life face challenges that test their bonds, communication, and overall wellbeing. For those in rural or low-income communities, these challenges are often exacerbated by limited access to psychological services and support networks. Traditional resources like private psychologists are valuable but often come with high costs and are typically available only in resourcerich areas. Recognising these barriers, the Zimkhitha Family Programme™ offers a transformative solution designed to empower families, particularly those in multi-challenged environments, with the tools to build resilience and thrive.
In Zulu, ‘Zimkhitha’ means ‘beauty,’ symbolising the beauty of family bonds, while in Xhosa, it means ‘dignity’ and ‘she who is loved’, highlighting our focus on love, affection, and unity. The name also represents humbleness and kindness, which aligns with our goal of fostering strong, compassionate family connections. Zimkhitha beautifully reflects the core values that the programme aims to promote.
The Zimkhitha Family Programme™ is a psycho-educative intervention grounded in the principles of positive psychology. This manualised, strengths-based program is designed to increase the resilience processes within families by focusing on three key domains: family connectedness, communication, and organisational processes. By addressing these areas, the program aims to foster stronger, more cohesive family units that are more capable of navigating life’s challenges, both with confidence and unity.
Using a structured and comprehensive approach, the Programme consists of four comprehensive modules, each tailored to address specific aspects of family functioning and resilience. Families are equipped with tools to understand each other, communicate more effectively, and manage resources all towards the goal of building a more secure and sustainable future.
What sets Zimkhitha™ apart is its innovative use of fictional family case studies. Following the case studies, participants engage in selfreflection and family activities designed to reinforce the lessons learned.
Zimkhitha Family Programme™ provides accessible tools for building resilience, empowering families in underserved communities to strengthen communication and overcome challenges
Family Resilience Strengthening Programme
These activities range from setting goals and sharing meals to creating budgets and establishing family routines. The program also provides practical templates for budgeting, planning family activities, and developing family rules and goals, making it easier for participants to implement what they’ve learned.
The Zimkhitha Family Programme™ represents a vital, accessible and useable mechanism in addressing the need for psychological services for low-income and rural communities. By offering a structured, strengths-based approach to building family resilience, the Programme empowers families to take control of their lives, strengthen their bonds, and create a better family and community, giving every family a chance to thrive.
Serena IsaacsAmanda HutsonShantay Carlson
Authors
PLANT-POWERED NANOPARTICLES FOR SAFER SKINCARE
The demand for effective and eco-friendly antimicrobial products has never been higher. As concerns about Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) grow, the need for innovative solutions in personal care is crucial. The development of biogenic silver nanoparticles, derived from South African indigenous plants, presents a promising alternative. These nanoparticles offer powerful antimicrobial properties and align with the growing demand for sustainable, nature-inspired products.
Antiseptic wash products, widely used to clean and disinfect skin, often contain synthetic antibacterial agents like triclosan and triclocarban. While effective, these agents have raised significant concerns due to their potential role in contributing to AMR. The overuse and misuse of such products can lead to the development of resistant microorganisms, making these agents less effective over time. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has recognised this risk, leading to the banning of triclosan, triclocarban, and other similar agents in personal care products.
AMR not only reduces the effectiveness of these products but also poses a broader threat to public health. The need for safer, more sustainable alternatives is clear, and manufacturers are increasingly turning to nature for solutions.
Silver has been known for its medicinal properties for centuries. In industry, silver nanoparticles are well received due to their broad spectrum of pharmacology applications. Research on the therapeutic properties exhibited by silver nanoparticles revealed that the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties are the main attraction in the establishment of nano-cosmeceutical products. However, traditional methods of synthesising silver nanoparticles are often energy-intensive, costly, and involve harmful chemicals.
Green nanotechnology may be the answer to this problem as a method that utilises plant extracts to synthesise biogenic silver nanoparticles. This approach is not only more environmentally friendly but also more
compatible with applications in human health. The Department of Biotechnology has pioneered this technology, using indigenous South African plants traditionally employed to treat a variety of ailments. These plants have been used to create biogenic silver nanoparticles with significantly higher bioactivity than the plant extracts alone.
UWC Biogenic silver nanoparticles have been formulated into three personal care products: liquid hand wash, liquid body wash, and soap bars. These products are currently undergoing rigorous testing for efficacy and stability, adhering to industry standards. The results are promising, with these products offering several benefits. These include preventing infections and reducing inflammation resulting in faster wound healing in minor cuts or burns, neutralising odours, and alleviating eczema by reducing bacteria on skin that may promote eczema. These products not only meet the demand for effective antimicrobial care but also contribute to a more eco-conscious and responsible approach to personal hygiene.
Biogenic silver nanoparticles, derived from South African plants, offer an eco-friendly, effective alternative to synthetic antimicrobials, providing safer skincare solutions while combating antimicrobial resistance.
EDUCATE TO ERADICATE: HEALTH-BASED TOOLKIT FOR TEENS
In a proactive response to the growing rates of Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV, the Western Cape Education Department, in partnership with the UWC, launched a critical educational resource aimed at students across several schools in the province.
Funded by the United States Centre for Disease Control and the US President’s Emergency Plan for Aids Relief, the resource kit titled ‘How to be a Health Activist’ purpose is to engage and educate teenagers about Tuberculosis within the context of HIV and help them make informed decisions about their lives to help mitigate some of the risks of infection.
The kit was introduced as part of a larger health intervention initiative and was designed to complement Life Orientation lessons. It served as an interactive tool to raise awareness about TB while integrating seamlessly with the curriculum. Designed for use by students grade 7 to 9, it allowed educators to use the material flexibly, either as a supplementary resource or a catalyst for group discussions on HIV and TB prevention.
TB remains one of South Africa’s leading causes of death, exacerbated by its intersection with
HIV. The Western Cape has seen alarmingly high rates of TB. The workbook aimed to bridge the gap in educational resources related to TB, addressing a need highlighted by interviews with teachers who indicated a surplus of HIV materials and a shortage of TB-focused content.
The kit was designed by a team of experts with backgrounds in computational biology, public health, education and curriculum development. Their collective efforts produced a comprehensive resource kit, including a 12-chapter learner’s handbook, a teacher’s guide, an interactive DVD, and an interactive website. The material includes graphic illustrations, digital storytelling and games that are interactive and as such compliment the lesson plans.
The resource not only covers TB but also integrates information about communicable diseases and offers material for both formal and informal educational settings. To date, 209,897 learner books and 600 teacher’s guides have been distributed across more than 460 schools.
The ‘How to be a Health Activist ‘kit integration of TB education into the school
This toolkit provides teens with crucial TB and HIV education, filling a gap in available resources. Seamlessly integrating into school curricula, it helps students make informed health decisions and contributes to tackling the rising TB rates in the Western Cape.
curriculum, alongside existing HIV/AIDS programs, contributed toward a more holistic approach to health education. As the Western Cape continues to grapple with TB and HIV, the WCED’s focus on raising
awareness and providing valuable educational tools stands as a smart step towards mitigating these health crises and promoting a healthier future for South African youth.
ASHES TO ARCHITECTURE WITH GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
In South Africa, our extensive use of coalfired thermal plants for electricity generation has resulted in a significant environmental challenge: the production of Coal Fly Ash (CFA). This by-product, if left unmanaged, poses severe environmental risks including air and soil pollution and potential health hazards for nearby communities. With coal reserves estimated to last another 200 years, addressing CFA management is more urgent than ever.
Globally, the cement industry is a major contributor to environmental degradation. Traditional cement production not only destroys habitats but also releases a staggering amount of carbon dioxide. Cement and concrete production together account for up to 9% of global CO2 emissions annually, with the cement industry alone responsible for approximately 8%. This makes cement a key player in climate change, highlighting the need for more sustainable alternatives.
Traditionally, CFA is disposed of through open dumping, worsening air and soil pollution, and endangering local communities. However, an innovative solution has emerged: geopolymer technology. This cutting-edge technology repurposes CFA along with alkaline activators like sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide to create geopolymer concrete which contains no cement. Unlike conventional cement, geopolymer concrete significantly reduces CO2 emissions and minimises environmental impact.
Geopolymer concrete not only rivals traditional concrete in strength and durability but also offers enhanced environmental benefits. Advances in its production have made it more energy-efficient and cost-effective, making it a viable option for widespread adoption in the construction industry. By incorporating CFA as the main component of geopolymer and its use as concrete replacement, it will not only address waste management issues but also pave the way for a more sustainable construction future.
The unique properties of geopolymer as concrete replacement also contribute to its appeal. Unlike traditional cement, which requires high temperatures for production, geopolymer concrete can be manufactured at much lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Additionally, the longevity, high strength, corrosion resistance and durability of geopolymer for production of construction elements mean that structures built with it can have a longer lifespan, reducing the need for frequent repairs and replacements. This longevity translates into lower lifecycle costs and less environmental impact over the lifetime of the infrastructure. Geopolymer concrete can thus not only benefit the environment by reducing waste and emissions but also offer a practical, economic advantage, reinforcing its role as a key component in sustainable construction.
Geopolymer concrete repurposes coal fly ash to create resilient, eco-friendly infrastructure
LET’S INNOVATE TOGETHER – FROM HOPE TO ACTION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE
FROM WASTE TO WONDER WITH BLACK SOLDIER FLY
Researchers have utilised nature’s waste managers—the Black Soldier fly (BSF), particularly Hermetia illucens—as a route to swiftly convert organic waste into nutrient-rich biomass. Leveraging the waste BSF exoskeletons and larval lipids, a team of scientists at UWC have pioneered methods to produce chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers, and extract lipid rich oils. This innovative approach not only addresses the challenge of waste management but also provides sustainable alternative sources to traditional materials.
The patented solvent-based method developed for extraction of Black Soldier Fly Larvae lipids has demonstrated significant industrial potential by efficiently separating and purifying components such as triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, fatty acids, and minor components like cholesterols and cholesterol esters from the lipid content in BSF larvae. The high triglyceride content positions these lipids as a valuable resource for biodiesel production and animal feed, while the purification of diverse lipid components offers opportunities for further applications in nutritional supplements and cosmetics. This method not only provides a sustainable source of lipids but also supports the broader use of insect-derived products in various industries.
In addition to lipid extraction, the research team has developed methods to produce chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers from BSF waste, particularly the BSF fly and pupae’s exoskeletons. Chitosan, a versatile compound usually derived from the exoskeletons of crustaceans like shrimp and crab, serves as the foundation for various products across multiple industries. However, the innovative twist lies in its extraction from BSF waste, which is rich in chitin—the precursor to chitosan. Through the electro-spraying technique—a process akin to spraying tiny droplets with an electric charge— chitosan nanoparticles are synthesised from the waste exoskeletons of BSF and their pupae.
This novel synthesis method has far-reaching implications, particularly in the realm of antimicrobial applications. Preliminary testing has shown that these chitosan nanoparticles exhibit remarkable efficacy in eliminating harmful microbial species. For instance, nanoparticles demonstrated the ability to completely eradicate E. faecalis and S. mutans from biomedical applications to environmental remediation, the potential applications of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers are vast and diverse. In the biomedical field, chitosanbased wound dressings and implants offer promising solutions for tissue engineering
BSF addresses the growing challenge of organic waste management by turning waste into valuable resources like chitin and biolipids and eco-friendly materials. Unlike traditional methods, this process creates sustainable products and promotes a circular economy by recycling waste into high-value solutions for various industries.
and drug delivery systems. In food packaging, chitosan-based films and coatings extend the shelf life of perishable foods, reducing food waste and enhancing food safety. Moreover, in water treatment, chitosan nanoparticles are used to remove pollutants and improve water quality.
By repurposing waste materials, researchers not only work toward mitigating environmental impact but also pave the way towards a more circular economy. As global efforts to combat climate change and reduce waste intensify, such initiatives become increasingly crucial in shaping a sustainable future.
ADVANCING DNA TESTING FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH EXATYPE
In the relentless fight against infectious diseases, innovative solutions are essential for effective prevention and treatment. Among the remarkable advancements in this field is Exatype, a DNA sequencing analysis platform that provides a user-friendly, rapid, accurate, and affordable genotyping solution.
In 2015, Hyrax Biosciences, a UWC spin-off, launched Exatype, originally as a platform for rapid and precise HIV drug resistance analysis. Unlike traditional methods, Exatype leverages cloud-based computing for scalability and cost-effectiveness, with advanced algorithms ensuring accuracy and easy-to-interpret clinical reports. Designed for accessibility, its userfriendly web interface reduces reliance on scarce bioinformatics resources.
Exatype efficiently analyses sequencing data to identify mutations that might have a significant effect, providing comprehensive genotype reports within an hour. Its high accuracy and sensitivity
differentiate true mutations from errors, enabling healthcare providers to tailor treatment strategies effectively.
While the platform initially focused on HIV drug resistance analysis, it now supports a wide range of genetic tests. Its disease-agnostic platform allows for fast, accurate interpretation of next-gen sequencing data across various diseases. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Exatype played a key role in discovering the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and was used in over 80 countries for lineage and clade definition. It focused heavily on providing access in Africa, processing nearly 90% of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data in South Africa and 50% across the continent.
This versatility makes Exatype valuable for combating HIV, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2, malaria, antimicrobial resistance, and more. The platform is also developing the ability to analyse multi-pathogen panels for rapid, accurate pathogen identification from respiratory samples, streamlining diagnosis in busy healthcare settings.
Exatype is a rapid, affordable DNA analysis platform that transforms infectious disease diagnosis and treatment. It offers scalable, accurate genotyping for quick and informed decisions in healthcare - improving global disease surveillance and treatment while reducing reliance on complex bioinformatics infrastructure.
By providing a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective solution for genetic testing, Exatype has not only advanced the field of HIV treatment but has also opened new avenues for combating a wide range
of infectious diseases. As we continue to face evolving health challenges, technologies like Exatype remind us of the critical role that scientific advancements play in safeguarding public health and improving patient outcomes worldwide.
LEADING THE CHARGE WITH HYSA SYSTEMS
In the wake of escalating concerns surrounding the adverse impacts of fossil fuels, the narrative has shifted towards facilitating a more equitable transition to environmentally sustainable economies. Recognising the multifaceted potential of hydrogen within the economy, the Department of Science and Innovation actively fosters strategies to create collaborative solutions with diverse stakeholders.
One such pivotal initiative was the inception of Hydrogen South Africa (HySA). HySA embodies a national flagship initiative aimed at nurturing intellectual property, knowledge, human resources, products, components, and processes to propel South Africa’s involvement in the international arena of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. HySA comprises three Centres of Competence, namely HySA Catalysis, HySA Infrastructure and HySA Systems. The latter is housed at the UWC’s South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry.
Hydrogen fuel cell technologies offer several advantages, including low to zero emissions when hydrogen is sourced from clean origins, silent operation due to the lack of moving parts, and higher efficiency compared to combustion engines. These technologies are adaptable
across various applications and scales, from small to large operations, providing reliable and consistent energy.
HySA Systems develops efficient, safe, and affordable hydrogen storage, compression, and refuelling solutions. By utilising materials like metal hydrides, they are overcoming traditional hydrogen storage and compression challenges, facilitating the broader adoption of fuel cell technologies.
The centre also designs fuel cell power modules for material handling, heavy-duty, utility vehicles, and beyond. Through optimising fuel cell stacks, HySA Systems advances clean energy solutions for both stationary and mobile power. They perform extensive testing to ensure the performance, safety, and reliability of these technologies for commercial use.
A key focus of HySA Systems is the design, assembly, and validation of fuel cell stacks, including open cathode for light-duty vehicles and closed cathode for material handling and heavy-duty vehicles. The Centre recently acquired a unique stack assembly line, capable of assembling fuel cell stacks ranging from 3.2 kW to 120 kW, covering the full spectrum of mobility applications.
HySA Systems is playing its part in shaping the hydrogen technology landscape, focusing on efficient hydrogen storage, fuel cell modules, and real-world applications. Through innovation and strategic partnerships, they are helping drive the adoption of hydrogen technologies, positioning South Africa as a key player in the global transition to sustainable energy.
HySA Systems at the UWC exemplifies the power of collaboration in innovation. Through its pioneering research, strategic partnerships with academic institutions, industry stakeholders, and research organisations, the Centre drives forward the frontiers of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, fostering a vibrant innovation ecosystem.
WE CARE: EMPOWERED DOMESTIC WORKERS
We Care is a pioneering digital social enterprise owned and operated by domestic workers, offering trusted and professional indoor cleaning services. By providing vetted and experienced workers, We Care ensures a reliable and high-quality service for customers, while addressing the significant challenges faced by domestic workers in South Africa.
Despite legal recognition, domestic workers often remain isolated, working in individual homes with limited access to the protections and opportunities that traditional employees enjoy. In a country where slow progress toward economic inclusion mirrors the lingering geographic and social divides, innovative approaches like We Care are essential for improving the working conditions and economic empowerment of this vital yet overlooked workforce.
In collaboration with the Centre for Transformative Regulation of Work at UWC, through its Social Law Project, We Care has developed into a unique worker-owned cooperativestyle initiative. The enterprise provides domestic
workers with a manageable legal framework for collective ownership, while empowering them to participate in decision-making processes that directly affect their livelihoods.
The initiative empowers workers by allowing them to manage and control the digital platform, which ensures fair compensation, improved working conditions, and a greater voice in shaping their work environment. The We Care platform is designed not only to connect domestic workers with potential clients but also to facilitate social cohesion. As identified through research with domestic workers, the platform provides a space for workers and clients alike to engage in meaningful dialogue, raise awareness, and build stronger communities around shared values and mutual respect.
For employers, the app offers a convenient, trustworthy way to access skilled and vetted domestic workers, ensuring legal compliance and reliable service. Employers will benefit from the platform’s efficiency, quality assurance, and the ability to build relationships with trusted workers. An essential feature of the platform is the ability for employers to rate services, enhancing transparency and trust
We Care is a worker-driven digital platform providing trusted cleaning services, fair compensation, and a space for collective decision-making, improving economic inclusion and dignity for domestic workers in South Africa.
in this highly personal industry. For workers, the app promotes access to decent work, offering convenient and reliable job opportunities, as well as resources for organising and continuous learning. Domestic workers will be able to rate their work experiences, providing feedback on working conditions and ensuring fairness in employment. We Care’s platform will also connect workers with trade unions, community organisations,
and referral networks, fostering a sense of solidarity and collective empowerment.
Despite the challenges presented by digitalisation, the We Care initiative highlights the potential for technology to create new opportunities for reorganising work and building solidarity within the domestic work sector.
A NATURAL BOOST FOR MENTAL WELLBEING
UWC’s School of Pharmacy is developing a standardised extract derived from Leonotis leonurus, a plant traditionally used in Southern Africa for its medicinal properties. This new extract, enriched with polyphenols, is being scientifically formulated to provide a natural approach to managing mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression.
Leonotis leonurus, also known as wild dagga or lion’s tail, has long been utilised in traditional medicine. Its diverse therapeutic uses include the treatment of respiratory issues, fever, high blood pressure, and diabetes, as well as being applied topically to treat skin infections and wounds. In recent years, scientific research has begun to uncover the plant’s broader potential, including its ability to support mental wellbeing. The polyphenolenriched extract being developed by UWC is built on both traditional knowledge and modern pharmacological research, offering an accessible natural solution for those seeking alternatives to conventional treatments for mood disorders.
Studies have shown that Leonotis leonurus contains several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, diterpenoids, and other
phenolic compounds. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, which play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been linked to the development and worsening of mental health conditions, including anxiety and depression. By targeting these factors amongst others, the plant’s bioactive compounds may help alleviate some of the underlying causes of mood disorders. For instance, flavonoids such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside and diterpenoids like Leoleorin L and C have demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and possibly neuroprotective effects. These findings are consistent with the plant’s traditional use for treating conditions that involve inflammation and stress.
In addition to these compounds, recent pharmacological studies have further highlighted the potential benefits of L. leonurus for managing mood disorders. While much of the evidence is still based on animal models and laboratory research, the plant has shown promising antioxidant properties that may help reduce oxidative stress, a key factor in many mental health conditions. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects of L. leonurus may
A scientifically formulated polyphenol-enriched extract from Leonotis leonurus , offering a natural alternative for managing mood disorders such as anxiety and depression.
contribute to emotional balance, as inflammation has been increasingly linked to both anxiety and depression.
As more people seek natural alternatives to pharmaceutical medications, Leonotis leonurus offers a promising option. The UWC-developed extract will provide a natural supplement enriched with polyphenols that could offer gentle relief for those
dealing with mood disorders. While more clinical trials are necessary to confirm its efficacy in humans, the ongoing research into its pharmacological properties and the encouraging preclinical results suggest that L. leonurus could play an important role in supporting mental health contributing to the broader effort of providing more accessible, sustainable, and holistic solutions for mental health care.
ENHANCING PHARMA DELIVERY WITH ESSENTIAL OILS
Essential oils show great potential for making drug delivery systems more effective. Researchers at UWC School of Pharmacy are looking into how these oils can facilitate penetration of medication into nail beds more effectively. This approach fits well with the increasing demand for natural and ecofriendly products, particularly from younger generations.
Their primary research target is onychomycosis, a common fungal infection of the nails, which causes thickening, discolouration, and deformation. Onychomycosis accounts for approximately 30% of all topical fungal infections and 50% of all nail diseases, emphasising the need for effective treatments.
Traditionally, onychomycosis is treated with oral antifungal medications like itraconazole and terbinafine, which often cause adverse effects such as headaches, gastrointestinal issues, and rashes. These treatments also require long durations, leading to poor patient adherence. Essential oil-based treatments offer targeted, localised therapy, reducing application frequency and enhancing patient compliance. They also cater to the demand for natural and
sustainable products, appealing to patients and healthcare providers.
Essential oil-based permeation enhancers have potential applications beyond onychomycosis, including nail psoriasis and veterinary care for hoof infections in livestock. This concept could also benefit other pharmaceutical and skincare products where improved permeation is needed.
Researchers leverage natural alternatives from botanical sources by substituting synthetic permeation enhancers with essential oils. Essential oils like thyme and rosemary, known for their therapeutic properties, have demonstrated the ability to enhance drug penetration through the skin. They are rapidly metabolised and quickly excreted, indicating safe use as penetration enhancers.
This approach marks a significant shift in pharmaceutical formulation, offering a natural and sustainable alternative to synthetic chemicals. The bioactive compounds in essential oils not only enhance drug delivery but also provide therapeutic benefits, making them a valuable component in modern healthcare solutions.
Improved drug delivery by using natural oils to enhance medication absorption, particularly for treating Onychomycosis. This approach offers a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals, improving patient compliance and targeting a growing demand for natural, effective treatments.
ROADMAP TO SAFETY THROUGH HIJACK APP
Vehicle hijackings remain a significant issue in South Africa. As of mid-2024, approximately 222 hijackings occur daily, indicating a worrying trend despite an overall decrease in crime since earlier years. This worrying number highlights the pressing need for solutions to address this widespread issue and improve road safety. Vehicle hijackings not only endanger lives but also contribute to a climate of fear and insecurity in urban areas.
Law enforcement agencies are vital in tackling hijackings, but their efforts are often limited by traditional data sources and reporting methods. Official reports usually capture only a small portion of incidents, excluding attempts and unreported cases, as well as important community insights. This lack of comprehensive data makes it difficult to implement effective strategies to reduce hijacking occurrences. To overcome this challenge, a new initiative is using social media data to support real-time monitoring and response.
This initiative grew from a vision of safer roads, leading to the creation of a mobile app designed to pinpoint vehicle hijackings and hotspots for such activity in urban areas. The app makes use of social media data
on hijacking incidents reported by users, continuously collecting and filtering relevant posts through machine learning algorithms to confirm their authenticity. Verified reports are stored in a secure database and displayed on an interactive map, allowing users to track hijacking patterns across different neighbourhoods in real time.
The app’s simple interface makes it easy for users to access up-to-date maps of their chosen areas, helping them stay informed and avoid high-risk zones. Along with incident alerts, the app offers statistical reports on hijacking trends, providing insights into patterns within specific districts. By utilising social media data, the app encourages communities to take part in improving road safety, making individuals active contributors to crime prevention.
With its scalable infrastructure, this development has the potential to change the way communities and authorities collaborate to ensure safer roads and reduce hijackings. It offers the public a sense of empowerment, enabling them to take proactive steps to reduce hijackings and improve safety in their neighborhoods.
The Hijack App uses real-time social media data to track vehicle hijacking hotspots, helping communities stay informed and improve road safety. By tapping into crowd-sourced information, the app provides timely alerts and insights to combat hijackings.
SWEETENING PEDIATRIC
HIV TREATMENT
HIV/AIDS continues to disproportionately impact sub-Saharan Africa, where it remains a leading cause of illness and death among children. Paediatric HIV progresses at an alarming rate, with 20–30% of untreated infants succumbing to the disease within their first year. Without timely intervention, this mortality rate can escalate to 50% by the age of two.
Now, imagine a child living with HIV, burdened by a daily regimen of multiple antiretroviral (ARV) medications. Instead of grappling with large, unpalatable syrups or ground tablets that must be taken with food, what if this child could simply take a few drops of medicine? This vision is the driving force behind a groundbreaking solution to develop childfriendly ARV formulations.
This initiative by the UWC School of Pharmacy focuses on significantly enhancing the solubility of ARVs, particularly those included in South Africa’s Department of Health paediatric HIV treatment protocols. By improving solubility, these medications can be administered in smaller, more manageable doses. Even ARVs already effective in their current form could benefit from this approach,
potentially boosting their efficacy. The solution also aims to improve the taste and ease of administration, ensuring that children can adhere to their treatment consistently.
At the core of this innovation are Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)—mixtures of natural compounds that enhance the solubility of ARVs through simple molecular interactions. Unlike previous deep eutectic solvents, NADES are composed entirely of natural ingredients, making them environmentally friendly, biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-effective. This green approach not only meets the urgent need for more palatable ARV formulations but also offers a sustainable and economical solution. The success of this project could also expedite similar childfriendly treatments for other diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB) and malaria.
This initiative is more than a drop of hope in the fight against paediatric HIV, offering hope for a healthier future for affected children. By harnessing the power of nature’s chemistry, this innovative solution has the potential to transform paediatric HIV treatment and extend its benefits to other critical health challenges.
Addressing the high rates of paediatric HIV in sub-Saharan Africa by improving the taste and absorption of ARVs. Using natural compounds, this approach makes the medication more palatable, helping children stick to their treatment and improving their overall health outcomes.
ENHANCED METFORMIN DERIVATIVES FOR DIABETIC SOLUTIONS
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing global health challenge, ranking among the leading causes of death. It affects 451 million adults worldwide, a number projected to rise to 693 million by 2045. In South Africa, the impact of T2D is especially severe, with many individuals living undiagnosed, worsening the disease’s toll on communities.
Addressing this escalating crisis requires innovative approaches to treatment. For over half a century, Metformin has been a cornerstone in managing T2D. Originally derived from the plant Gallega officinalis, it is widely known for its ability to lower glucose production in the liver and improve insulin sensitivity. While its affordability and safety have made it a first-line treatment, Metformin does have limitations. Some patients experience side effects like gastrointestinal discomfort, and the drug’s effectiveness in controlling blood sugar can diminish over time, necessitating additional medications.
Responding to these challenges, researchers from UWC’s Department of Chemistry, in partnership with the South African Medical Research Council, are developing advanced
Metformin derivatives. These next-generation compounds aim to improve therapeutic outcomes by enhancing the drug’s action against insulin resistance—a primary factor in T2D—and reducing side effects. Their work focuses on designing chemical modifications that offer longer-lasting glycemic control and better bioavailability, addressing critical gaps in diabetes care. The growing prevalence of insulin resistance highlights an urgent need for solutions that go beyond existing treatments.
While Metformin has been highly effective, researchers are exploring ways to optimise its mechanisms, creating compounds that more precisely target the root causes of T2D. This effort is particularly significant in South Africa, where diabetes disproportionately affects vulnerable populations and strains healthcare systems. The ongoing research could redefine diabetes care by introducing safer, more effective treatment options. Beyond improving patient outcomes, these advancements also reflect a broader commitment to driving innovation in healthcare, benefiting both local communities and the global fight against diabetes.
Novel Metformin derivatives that address insulin resistance and enhance therapeutic efficacy, offering a safer, longer-lasting solution for managing Type 2 diabetes.
LET’S INNOVATE TOGETHER – FROM HOPE TO ACTION THROUGH KNOWLEDGE
JUSTICE FOR ALL WITH UNIQTYPER® Y-STR FORENSIC KIT
DNA profiling is a cornerstone of modern forensic science, renowned for its accuracy and reliability in solving crimes. However, traditional DNA kits often fall short of capturing the full genetic diversity of African populations, leading to potential gaps in justice.
UWC researchers have developed a DNA testing kit with the potential to drastically improve criminal conviction rates, exonerate innocent men wrongly accused of sexual assault, and help alleviate the backlog of forensic casework in South Africa and surrounding countries.
The UniQ-Typer® Y-STR Forensic Kit is specifically designed to address the limitations of conventional DNA profiling. It focuses on Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs), genetic markers unique to males, which enables the kit to accurately differentiate between male and female DNA even in complex cases involving mixed samples, such as those encountered in sexual assault investigations. This advancement can improve conviction rates and, furthermore, prevent wrongful convictions.
What sets the UniQ-Typer® apart is its comprehensive DNA database, continually updated with profiles from a wide range of
African populations. This database includes profiles from 16 ethnolinguistic groups, such as the indigenous Khoisan and various ‘Out of Africa’ groups. Also positioning South Africa as a leader in the field, the kit’s prototype, UniQ-Typer® Y-10, targets 10 highly informative Y-STR markers, allowing it to distinguish between closely related males with unprecedented precision.
Beyond its scientific rigour, the UniQ-Typer® offers a faster and more cost-effective solution for processing sexual assault DNA evidence compared to leading commercial products.
The UniQ-Typer® is the culmination of nearly two decades of dedicated research and collaboration with industry partners. This long-term investment has not only produced a tool uniquely suited to the needs of African forensic science but is contributing to a deeper understanding of Africa’s rich genetic heritage. By analysing and interpreting genetic data, the UniQ-Typer® provides valuable insights into the continent’s ancestral connections, shedding light on the intricate tapestry of African genetics.
As the UniQ-Typer® becomes more widely adopted, it has the capability to play a crucial role in judicial systems across Africa.
A precise, culturally-relevant DNA profiling tool that incorporates Africa’s extensive genetic diversity, improving the accuracy of forensic investigations, supporting fair convictions, reducing wrongful accusations, and addressing the backlog of forensic cases across the region.
VERSATILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOSURFACTANTS
Amid growing environmental concerns over chemical surfactants, the spotlight is shifting towards natural biosurfactants, celebrated for their non-toxic and eco-friendly properties. This shift gained significant traction in 2019, when Evonik and Unilever introduced ‘Quix,’ a biosurfactant-based hand dishwashing liquid, to the Chilean market—the first time biosurfactants were used in household cleaning products. The biosurfactant market is now projected to reach USD 6 billion by 2030, spurred by stricter regulations and increasing consumer awareness of the environmental and health impacts of synthetic surfactants.
Compared to chemical surfactants, biosurfactants offer numerous advantages: they are less toxic, more compatible with living organisms, highly biodegradable, and possess specific functions that allow them to operate efficiently in diverse environments. As a result, biosurfactants are increasingly recognised as a viable and eco-friendly alternative across a range of industries.
At the forefront of this research is the Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM) at UWC. The
IMBM is pioneering biosurfactant research with promising applications in the food, biomedical, and pharmaceutical industries. The institute has already patented two leading biosurfactants, IMBM-BS1 and IMBM-BS2, and maintains an extensive collection of bacterial strains from diverse South African environments. These resources position the IMBM as a key player in biosurfactant research, with significant potential to discover and develop new, environmentally friendly compounds.
The popularity of biosurfactants has spread across multiple industries, offering sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional chemical agents. In agriculture, they enhance crop protection by improving water retention and soil structure, making them effective adjuvants in pesticide formulations. The cleaning industry is shifting towards greener solutions, with biosurfactants replacing petrochemicalbased agents in both household and industrial cleaning products due to their biodegradability and non-toxic nature. In personal care and cosmetics, biosurfactants are prized for their gentle, skin-friendly
Biosurfactants offer a choice in sustainable lifestyle and industrial approaches to cleaning, making it easier for consumers and industries alike to embrace environmentally friendly solutions.
properties, and are incorporated into products like shampoos, shower gels, and skincare items. These natural ingredients provide essential foaming and emulsifying qualities while promoting safer, more sustainable formulations.
As researchers continue to explore the potential of biosurfactants, these sustainable alternatives stand to address some of the closest to home environmental challenges and ones that consumers can choose to address - a shift towards cleaner, greener practices within their homes and across the board.
A BREATHTAKING SOLUTION FOR ASTHMA & THE ENVIRONMENT
Asthma is a pervasive chronic illness affecting a significant portion of the population in South Africa, with a high prevalence compared to other countries worldwide. Approximately 10% of South Africans suffer from asthma, with children disproportionately affected. Despite the high prevalence, access to essential asthma management tools like spacer devices may be limited, especially in public healthcare facilities. Recognising this critical gap, Dr. Naushaad Ebrahim and his team at the University of the Western Cape’s School of Pharmacy developed Asthma Phefumla®, an accessible and sustainable solution. The name ‘Phefumla,’ meaning ‘breath’ in isiXhosa, embodies the essence of the project: providing life-saving relief and breathing new life into asthma care.
Pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), which are the only personalised delivery option for inhaled therapy for obstructive airway diseases like asthma, have a serious drawback which is the potential for incorrect use, which can reduce their effectiveness and safety. This issue is particularly challenging in low and middle-income countries, where the high cost of inhalers makes them inaccessible to many.
Adding spacers to inhalers improves asthma medication delivery by allowing deeper inhalation, ensuring the medicine reaches the
lungs. This is especially important for infants and young children who struggle with pMDI coordination. Without a spacer, only 9% of the medication reaches the lungs, while most hit the back of the throat. Better treatment, including spacers, could prevent over 80% of asthmarelated deaths.
The Asthma Phefumla® Kit, developed at the School of Pharmacy, repurposes plastic bottles into cost-effective spacers, addressing both affordability and environmental concerns. Using 3D printing, a mould was developed to enhance safety and simplify production. A user-friendly manual and instructional videos are provided to guide healthcare facilities.
The potential impact of the innovation extends far beyond South Africa with asthma being a global concern, particularly where healthcare resources are scarce, and where children are the primary bearers of the disease. An inadvertent benefit of the innovation is that it reduces the environmental footprint of plastic waste which is of no small consequence. This initiative showcases UWC’s dedication to growing innovative solutions that deliver tangible societal benefits.
In one breath, Asthma Phefumla® is an accessible approach to managing asthma and a chance for us to repurpose our plastic bottles effectively.
Asthma Phefumla® is an affordable, sustainable solution for asthma management, using repurposed plastic bottles to improve medication delivery, while reducing plastic waste, all in one go.
BAOBAB LIMS® SETS ITS ROOTS IN CULTIVATING AFRICAN BIOBANKING
Every year, countless lives are saved thanks to the investment in infrastructure that allows researchers and scientists to study diseases and develop treatments. But while many lifethreatening diseases have been eradicated or significantly reduced in developed nations, the same cannot be said for the rest of the globe.
Launched at SANBI-UWC in 2010 and nurtured under the Horizon2020 funding framework B3Africa, Baobab LIMS® represents a pivotal advancement in biobanking technology. Crafted to adhere to the stringent requirements of biobanking best practices, Baobab LIMS offers an open-source Laboratory Information Management System customised to the unique needs of African biobanks.
The Africa Centre for Disease Control has launched the African Collaborative Initiative to Advance Diagnostics (AFCAD) to enhance access to quality diagnostics in African nations. This initiative aims to build on existing structures to establish a network of biobanks across the region. These biobanks will facilitate the development, evaluation, and research of diagnostics necessary for disease control and prevention. The initiative highlights the need for robust infrastructure
to support the advancement of diagnostic capabilities in Africa.
One of the key features of the system is its flexibility and scalability. It can be easily customised to meet the specific requirements of different biobanking workflows, including those for human, plant, animal, and microbial biospecimen collections. This versatility allows biobanks to adapt Baobab LIMS to their unique research needs, enhancing efficiency and productivity. Researchers in Africa handle a wide range of biospecimens unique to the continent, including samples from indigenous plants, animals, and human populations with diverse genetic backgrounds. South Africa, for instance, is famous for its biodiversity and the African population has the greatest genomic diversity on the planet.
Furthermore, Baobab LIMS® facilitates compliance with international standards and regulations governing biobanking practices. Through its modules for donor information, anatomical site information, and disease ontology, and viral metadata, Baobab LIMS ensures comprehensive data management and traceability, essential for maintaining sample integrity and research reproducibility.
Baobab LIMS® is an open-source, flexible Laboratory Information Management System designed to meet the unique needs of African biobanks. It facilitates efficient management of distinctive biospecimens, supporting research capabilities to address African health challenges.
STREAMLINED DENTAL IRRIGATION TIP FOR BETTER PATIENT CARE
Effective irrigation of the working field is not only crucial for successful outcomes in endodontic procedures but also plays a foundational role in various dental interventions. From routine tooth cleaning to preparing teeth for restorative procedures, irrigation serves as a fundamental step in ensuring optimal oral health and treatment efficacy. However, conventional techniques often present clinical challenges that compromise both efficacy and could lead to an increase in procedural complications.
Current methods of irrigating the endodontic root canal space involve the manual manipulation of endodontic files, needles and tips, requiring repetitive movement and rotation. The irrigation of the root canal space is an important component of successful endodontic treatments. While irrigation needles are intended to flush out debris and bacteria, this technique can inadvertently damage delicate tissues supporting the tooth and also increase the risk of instrument fracture. Moreover, the reliance on pressure delivery systems poses the risk of extruding irrigation materials beyond the root apex, potentially
harming surrounding apical tissues. It’s a paradox—to fix a problem, we often have to risk breaking something in the process. However, UWC inventors have found a way for both dentist and patient to have their cake and eat it.
The Department of Prosthodontics has turned their attention to developing an innovative irrigation tip to address the root of the problem. The key focus of improvement lies in the design of the irrigation tip itself. The envisioned novel irrigation tip boasts several features. Firstly, it facilitates multi-directional irrigation, allowing simultaneous irrigation at multiple locations within the root canal system. This reduces the need for extensive movement and manipulation of the irrigation needle, thereby minimising the risk of inadvertent damage to the delicate endodontic space and instrument fracture.
Secondly, the improved tip offers enhanced fluid control through advanced channelling mechanisms, eliminating the reliance on pressure irrigation delivery systems. This not only improves irrigation efficiency but also mitigates the risk of over-pressurisation and subsequent tissue damage due to irrigation
Precise control with multi-directional fluid delivery, this novel irrigation tip ultimately improves patient care and procedural outcomes by reducing tissue damage during tooth irrigation.
liquid extrusion past the root apex. Moreover, despite the incorporation of multiple vents for enhanced irrigation, the structural integrity of the novel tip remains uncompromised, ensuring stability and precision during use. This feature enables accurate navigation within the intricate root canal system.
Additionally, the innovative irrigation system enables precision targeting of the critical apical area within the root canal. This proactive approach reduces the risk of complications and ensures a more controlled treatment process. This isn’t just about better teeth, it’s a breath of fresh air for practitioners and patients alike.
POWERING SA’S LI-ION INDUSTRY
South Africa, home to nearly 80% of the world’s known manganese reserves—a critical component in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries—is now a key player in the global energy storage landscape. At the forefront of this movement is the UWC Energy Storage Innovation Lab (ESIL), the only facility on the African continent capable of producing Li-ion battery cells at a pilot scale.
Launched in 2015, ESIL is a culmination of years of research and development at UWC’s South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry. The lab focused on lithium-ion and sodium-halide batteries, battery modules and integrated energy storage systems. It stands out for its ability to develop, validate, and localise a wide range of energy storage solutions for South African industries and communities. ESIL’s network includes energy storage developers, manufacturing experts, and system integrators from across the globe, including China, India, the USA, and Germany.
UWC is collaborating with a number of energy storage startups. These university-industry partnerships are set to drive job creation, socio-economic empowerment, and contribute to renewable energy generation and rural electrification. Dr. Phil Mjwara, Former Director General of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI), emphasised the importance of commercialising local technologies. Over the last few years UWC has teamed up with Metair who
manages an international portfolio of companies that manufacture, distribute and retail products for energy storage and automotive components, and First Battery. Metair’s partnership with the SAIAMC included a R3 million investment to develop and pilot Li-ion battery prototypes using local raw materials. A further investment of R2 million by First Battery focused on training and further prototype development. All these partnerships have received matching funds from DSI.
The storage capability of lithium-ion batteries is a critical component in the value proposition of modern energy systems. Their ability to store substantial amounts of energy in a compact and lightweight form makes them ideal for balancing intermittent renewable energy sources like solar and wind. This storage function allows for the capture of excess energy generated during peak production times, which can then be discharged when energy demand is high, or production is low.
As a country, South Africa should leverage the strategic advantage of its extensive manganese reserves and not simply export the unrefined ores. With the current strain on South Africa’s electricity grid and the increasing deployment of renewable energy, efficient and affordable energy storage solutions are crucial. ESIL’s modular battery system and its collaboration with local companies are key to addressing these needs.
Li ion- ESIL is contributing to the development of locally produced lithium-ion batteries, tapping into South Africa’s vast manganese reserves to provide affordable, efficient, and sustainable energy storage.
SUSTAINABLE SILICA FROM SUGARCANE BAGASSE
The global sugar industry generates about 54 million dry Tonnes of sugarcane bagasse annually. This fibrous material is left over after sugarcane juice is extracted, making up around 30% of the fresh cane’s weight. Traditionally, bagasse is burned for energy in a process called cogeneration, which produces both heat and electricity. This burning also produces a by-product known as sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), once considered waste but now viewed as a valuable resource for extracting silica, which has many industrial uses.
The problem with SCBA is that it can attract pests if not properly managed, becoming an environmental hazard. Additionally, its lack of essential nutrients makes it unsuitable for agricultural use and, in some cases, it can even contaminate soil with heavy metals. Despite these challenges, SCBA is rich in silica, making it a promising and sustainable source of the compound. Silica is used in a wide range of products, from rubber and toothpaste to salt, making it highly sought after in various industries.
Typically, silica extraction from agricultural residues like SCBA has involved the use of harmful chemicals that pose significant environmental and health risks. However, an eco-friendly method for extracting silica from SCBA has been developed by the UWC Chemistry Department, addressing these concerns. This new approach uses hydrochloride monohydrate, an organic amino acid, which enhances the silica content in the ash to 80% after leaching. This method avoids the need for hazardous chemicals, making the process safer for both the environment and human health. An organic solvent is then used to extract the silicate before it is converted into high-purity silica.
The silica produced through this green method is comparable in quality to that obtained through traditional chemical processes. However, because it is produced without toxic chemicals, it holds promise for applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, where purity and safety are paramount. This method represents a more sustainable approach to silica production while reducing environmental impact.
A novel approach to extracting silica from sugarcane bagasse offers a cleaner, greener alternative to traditional methods, turning waste into valuable material for industries like cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, while reducing environmental harm.
Silica from sugarcane bagasse ash
Bio-char from sugarcane bagasse ash
TACTO SELF-DETECTION FOOT ULCER DEVICE FOR DIABETICS
Foot ulceration is a severe complication of Type 2 diabetes (T2D), leading to significant health issues such as amputation, increased mortality, reduced mobility, and higher healthcare costs. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major concern as they often result from the loss of sensation caused by peripheral neuropathy, which prevents patients from feeling injuries or abnormal pressure on their feet. As a result, they may not notice early signs of ulcers or other foot problems until the condition has progressed, leading to more complicated and costly treatments.
With over half a billion adults suffering from T2D globally, effective prevention strategies are crucial. Early diagnosis and monitoring of loss of sensation in the feet are vital to prevent DFUs and lower limb amputation. Currently, sensory loss is objectively diagnosed and monitored only by health professionals, leading to often delayed detection until a foot ulcer develops. The equipment used for this diagnosis is prohibitively expensive and not widely available in developing countries. Moreover, the gold standard tests for sensory loss are highly operator-dependent and prone to interpretive errors, complicating consistent monitoring.
A notable development in this area is a self-diagnostic and monitoring device for patients with peripheral neuropathy, created by researchers at the Department of Physiotherapy at UWC. This device allows patients to independently detect and monitor sensory loss in their feet.
This innovation aims to provide a more costeffective, accessible alternative in a point of care setting. The compact design allows the device to be used in any location.
The Health Belief Model, widely used for designing and evaluating health interventions, provides a framework for understanding why patients may engage in early detection practices. According to this model, individuals are more likely to take preventive health actions if they perceive themselves as vulnerable to a serious disease, recognise the benefits of acting, and feel confident in their ability to carry out these actions. Additionally, both internal and external cues to action play a crucial role in motivating individuals to adopt preventive behaviours. Applying this model to the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers reiterates the importance of patient education and the availability of accessible diagnostic tools.
The handheld early detection device for diabetic foot ulcers allows patients with Type 2 Diabetes to monitor their foot health, detect sensory loss, and prevent complications like ulcers and amputations, improving health outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.
WHEN OIL AND WATER FINALLY MIX
Water plays a crucial role in various industrial processes, particularly those involving petrochemicals, where it is extensively used for cleaning. However, the wastewater generated from these processes often contains significant levels of petroleum pollutants, requiring substantial treatment before disposal. Oil pollution can occur both accidentally and operationally, especially in areas where oil is produced, processed, stored, transported, or used. The release of untreated oily wastewater can degrade groundwater, seawater, and drinking water quality, while also contributing to air pollution through the evaporation of volatile oil components. Even at very low concentrations, oil contaminants can have a long-lasting impact on the environment, with issues often surfacing years after the initial discharge.
A costly challenge for industries and conventional effluent treatment plants is meeting the disposal standards for oil-polluted wastewater, particularly when dealing with dispersed oil and oil-in-water emulsions. Traditional separation methods face numerous limitations in their applicability and efficiency. Many industrial processes produce stable emulsions, where oil droplets are dispersed in water. These emulsions are challenging to treat because the electrical charges on the oil droplets prevent them from clumping together, making it difficult to separate the oil and water.
To address this, chemicals known as coagulants are often added to neutralise the charges on the oil droplets, helping them clump together and separate from the aqueous phase. However, this process has its downsides, including high chemical costs, the risk of chemicals leaching into the environment, and the possibility of contaminating the treated water.
Recent developments by the South African Institute for Advanced Materials Chemistry (SAIAMC) at UWC have led to new ways of effectively separating pure oil from tricky emulsions. Unlike traditional methods that use harsh, expensive chemicals, this new process uses gas and high-speed mixing to enhance emulsion destabilization and makes the oil and water phases easier to separate. This method requires less chemicals, and provides an opportunity not only to remove the oil to produce clean water, but also to recover the oil as a useful product. The innovation has been successfully patented.
As environmental regulations for oily wastewater discharge become stricter, continually reviewing and improving wastewater treatment methods will be essential. While no single technique can address every aspect of oil pollution, understanding the underlying principles of emulsion stability will allow for the development of more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable treatment solutions.
A chemical-free method to treat oil-water emulsions, offering industries a sustainable, cost-effective solution for wastewater remediation while recovering valuable oil.
ZENZELENI NETWORKS HAS BRIDGED THE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN RURAL AREAS
Imagine a world without the internet—a place where connecting with others, accessing information, and even basic communication seem like distant dreams. For many in the remote corners of the globe, this isn’t just a hypothetical scenario; it’s a daily reality. Yet, in South Africa’s Eastern Cape, a remarkable initiative is changing the narrative and bringing connectivity to those who need it most.
The story of Zenzeleni Networks began in 2012, forged from the partnership between UWC and a local community activist. Their collaboration led to a groundbreaking project with the Mankosi community and later Zithulele community, driven by the ethos of ‘Zenzeleni’, which means ‘Do it yourself’ in isiXhosa. What started as a simple local wireless intranet evolved into a beacon of hope for connectivity.
Initially, Zenzeleni offered free voice services through analogue phones linked by solarpowered routers. Recognising the need for broader connectivity, the team expanded by incorporating a 3G modem to facilitate national calls. With no local electricity, solar power emerged as a solution, allowing residents to
charge their phones and creating an initial revenue stream reinvested into the community. Researchers from UWC’s Computer Science Department, in collaboration with residents, created a solar-powered mesh network covering 30 square kilometers. This eco-friendly network ensures sustainability and cost-efficiency.
Previously, residents faced inflated prices for basic services. Zenzeleni’s network has replaced this exploitation with affordable, direct access to communication. The network offers free calls within Mankosi and Zithulele and data services at a fraction of traditional costs—approximately 1/20th of mobile network operators’ prices. The initiative’s benefits extend beyond connectivity. By keeping revenue within the community, it fosters local entrepreneurship and economic growth. Residents can now charge their mobile phones at lower rates, creating a self-sustaining economic model.
The success of Zenzeleni Networks has been recognised with awards such as South Africa’s Best Innovation with Social Impact and accolades from the Mozilla Foundation’s Equal Rating Innovation Challenge. These awards
Zenzeleni Networks is uplifting rural communities by breaking down the digital divide, bringing the internet to the community through a locally-driven, sustainable model.
highlight the project’s transformative impact and its potential as a model for underserved regions worldwide.
However, challenges remain. Gender dynamics within the community pose questions about inclusive empowerment, especially given that women constitute 70% of the adult population in Mankosi. Ensuring their
effective participation in decision-making processes remains crucial.
As Zenzeleni continues to expand, it not only challenges conventional views on technological development but also a symbol of local ingenuity and collective action, proving that technology can indeed empower lives and communities.
We gratefully acknowledge the funding provided by the Department of Science, Technology and Innovation’s National Intellectual Property Management Office (NIPMO) that provides support to the UWC TTO for various activities which enabled the innovations profiled in this publication.
Technology Transfer Office
UWC Innovation Hub 405 Voortrekker Road Oostersee
Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
TEL 021 959 2064
EMAIL tto@uwc.ac.za
WEBSITE http://www.tto.uwc.ac.za/
