Formby Draft

THE

MARCH 1

FORMBY

FUTURE

OF

FORMBY

FLUCTUATING ARCHIPELAGO

POINT

DESIGN STUDIO 1

THE

MARCH 1

FORMBY

FUTURE

OF

FORMBY

FLUCTUATING ARCHIPELAGO

POINT

DESIGN STUDIO 1

THE

FORMBY

FUTURE

FREDDIE GARSIDE

OF

FORMBY

&

ASMA DAULEH

POINT

CONTENTS The Brief Understating the Concern

1

An Introduction to our Scheme

1

Research on Formby within the Sefton Coastline

1

Cartographies of Formby point Sand Dunes

1

Engineering Techniques Understanding our options

1

Models illustrating the Sand Dune Retreat across the chosen site

1

On-Site Strategy Farming Potential. Walkways. Tourist Facilities. Accommodation.

1

Freddie Garside Retreating Formby Enterprise

1

Asma Dauleh The Pine Cone

1

Critical Approach Moving Forward and the Future of Formby point

1 7

THE BRIEF

Understating the Concern

The coastline is a virtual line that is in constant fluctuation, this is a result of rising water levels, an increase in stormy weather and several other factors. All these factors will in-turn affect our living standards both nationally and globally.

In the 2013 - 2014 winters we saw an increased rate of erosion across the country. 5 - 15years worth of erosion happened in merely one year.

By 2050 and through coastal erosion it is predicted that hindered of miles worth of coastal front will be lost, it is not only land that will be lost but over 15 million people across the UK will be affected by this change.

This is where Fluctuating Archipelago comes in, during our study we aim to select and understand the coastal conditions, by implementing a multi-scalar approach we need to decide, develop and design ourselves through such conditions.

9

AN INTRODUCTION to our Scheme

“It is predicted with increasing confidence that climate change will lead to continued sea-level rise and increased Storminess which in turn accelerates the scale and pace of coastal change.”

Phil Dyke National Trust

Coastal Squeeze is when coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels.

At Formby the beach is eroding back, the sand dunes are pushing back and eventually they will hit the hard-scaping of formby harming the infrastructure in place. This would require re-scaping of land use around the entire site over a prolonged period of time .

We propose to redesign and “squeeze” Formby into a new position over the next 100 years .

Thus prolonging but also preserving the infrastructure and migrating the habitats inland.

11

RESEARCH ON FORMBY WITHIN THE SEFTON COASTLINE

13

AN OVERVIEW ON FORMBY

SOUTHPORT

Formby is a coastal town of 7 sq miles (17 km²) it has a population of approximately 25,000. As part of the Sefton coast it is bound on the west by the sea.

AINSDALE

The area is a conserved by the National Trust, and designated a site of Specific Scientific Interest.

Formby is an area protected by extensive sand-hills, covered in creeping willows and marram grass.

The land is strictly preserved, and only a few foot paths across the forbidden ground are open to the public. The sand-hills afford shelter from the sea winds to the three villages of Formby, Formby-bythe-Sea, and Fresh-field, which form one town.

Situated on flat, sandy land, surrounded by fields intersected by ditches, where rye, wheat, potatoes and asparagus grow. Fishing for shrimps and raking the sands for cockles provide employment to some of the locals.

FORMBY RIVER ALT

IRISH SEA

CROSBY

SEFTON

ST HELENS

BOOTLE

The greater area is a popular tourist destination during the summer months. Day trippers are attracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife,

WIRRAL

LIVERPOOL

RIVER MERSEY 15

COASTAL CHANGE OVER THE YEARS The coast is changing: always has and always will.

This includes not only the physical change in the coast A series of satellite views illustrate the changes over the past half century that have occurred on the formby site.

1945

Dune toe position, heavy agricultural site use.

1945 DUNE TOE POSITION

1961

90m of coastline is lost due to coastal erosion.

1979

120m of coastline lost, Formby town infrastructure growth.

1989

Coastal drift of sediment - Formby “point” begins to shape up.

1997

Heavier erosion North of the site due to coastal drift.

2006

240m of coastline is lost due to coastal erosion.

MIGRATED DUNE TOE POSITION 17

COASTAL CHANGES PAST AND FUTURE Tides play an important morphophonemic role by shifting the operational zone of waves up and down the beach profile, determining the position and change of the dunes.

The rise and fall of the tides causes temporal changes in the cross-shore transport direction at any location on the intertidal profile, this becomes more pronounced as tidal range increases.

SAND DUNE TOE POSITION OVER THE YEARS

EXTRAPOLATED COASTAL CHANGE AT FORMBY POINT 2025

CARAVAN SITE

1845

2035

VICT

2045

1906

2055

ORIA

CAR PARK

1892

1924

2065

1966

2075

PINE WOOD FORREST

2085 2095

TOBACCO DUMP

2105

RD.

SAND DUNES

FORMBY

FORMBY E LIF

B

RD. T OA CARAVAN SITE

A

A

X LE

R

E ND

.

RD

19

COASTAL ACTIVITY ACROSS THE SITE The town is built upon the west of a large flat area of land called the West Lancashire Coastal Plain.

The town is 0.5 metres below sea level at its lowest point.

Formby’s highest point is within the ever changing sand dunes.

The just

River Alt runs into south of Formby

the at

Irish Sea High-town.

PRESENT DAY COASTAL PROCESS

HUMAN ACTIONS AND INFLUENCES ON SEFTON COAST

SOUTHPORT

GRADUAL GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SEAWARDS. SINCE 1988 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 670M SEAWARDS.

SOUTHPORT

COAST WIDE INFLUENCES: -

MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES TOURISM LAND-USE OFFSHORE AGGREGATE EXTRACTION

CHANGES IN GEOMORPHOLOGY AS A RESULT OF NATURAL CAUSES AND HUMAN ACTIVITY

SOUTHPORT

ACCELERATED GROWTH OF SALT MARSH

AFFORESTATION BEGAN IN 1887.

RAPID GROWTH OF SALT MARSH SOUTHWARDS. SINCE 1992 THE MARSH HAS MOVED 1650M SOUTHWARDS.

GROWTH OF GREEN BEACH SINCE 1980’S.

SEDIMENT DRIFT

EROSION OF FORMBY POINT UP-TO 4.5M/YR SINCE 1900.

SEDIMENT

FORMBY

SEDIMENT DRIFT

CAR PARKING ON BEACH SAND EXTRACTION FROM THE DUNES IN 1940’S.

NICOTINE WASTE TIPPING 1950’S.

PAST RESTORATION WORKS 1970’S.

FORMBY

RECREATION PRESSURE AT FORMBY POINT.

NICOTINE CLIFFS

ALT. TRAINING WALL BUILT 1936.

HARD DEFENCES SEA WALL BUILT 1972.

WIND BLOWN SAND

CROSBY

RUBBLE SEA DEFENCES TIPPED IN 1942.

FORMBY

EROSION

TAYLOR’S BANK EFFECTS THE WAVE REGIME OF FORMBY POINT.

DUMPING OF DREDGING FROM 1890’S.

SEDIMENT DRIFT

INFILLING OF THE FORMBY CHANNEL.

CROSBY

COASTAL EROSION DUE TO RIVER ALT MOVEMENT SINCE 1900.

SAND DUNES FORMING IN FRONT OF SEA WALL.

CROSBY 21

CURRENT SITE USE Formby is affluent with high owner occupation.

Strong economic ties are retained with Liverpool.

It as

is well connected with well as the Formby

a

train bypass

route A565.

The greater area is a popular tourist destination during the summer months, with day trippers attracted to its beaches, sand dunes and wildlife.

1

2 3 6 7

11 RAIL

10

5

5

VICTORIA ROAD

4

BUNDEL AVENUE

8 9

8

12

A585

1

- GOLF COURSE

2

- CARAVAN PARK

3

- CAR PARK

4

- RED SQUIRREL WOODS

5

- SHEEP FIELDS

6

- NICOTINE WOODS

7

- NICOTINE DUMPING

8

- ASPARAGUS FIELDS

9

- ST JOSEPH HOSPITAL

10 - SAND DUNES LIFEBOAT ROAD

11 - LOW TIDE 12 - FORMBY TOWN

2

13

13 - PAINT-BALL CENTRE ALEXANDRA ROAD

23

TOURIST INTERACTION IN FORMBY

Across the map illustrates how the tourists interact with the town of formby and where the tourist hotspots are and which areas are more heavily used.

There are two main spots along the Formby Coast which are particularly popular with the public. These are Lifeboat road which is closely located to the beach, and Victoria Road which is linked to the red squirrel woods.

HIKING

TOBACCO WASTE

CAR PARK

CARAVAN SITE

DOG WALKING

HORSE RIDING

NT RESERVE

BIKE RIDING

GOLFING

HOSPITAL

RED SQUIRREL

PAINT-BALL

SHOPPING

DUKE PARK

25

1 2 3 4

1 - NICOTINE WOODS. 2 - RED SQUIRREL WOODS. 3 - ASPARAGUS FIELDS. 4 - NETTLE CROP ON TOBACCO WASTE. 5 - MIGRATED SAND DUNES IN PINE WOODS. 6 - TREES BENT BY SEVERE WIND FORCE FROM THE SEA.

6

7 - MARRAM GRASS AND SOFT ENGINEERING SYSTEMS.

7 6

4 7

1

5

2 3

5 27

1 2 3 4

1 - COASTLINE VIEW. 2 - BEACH LOW TIDE, EVIDENCE OF DOG WALKERS. 3 - SAND DUNE EROSION CAUSED BY HIKERS. 4 - BEACH CAR PARK. 5 - NICOTINE DUNE CLIFFS. 6 - TREES BURIED BY MIGRATING SAND DUNES.

6

7 - EVIDENCE OF DUNE SLACK AND FLOODING.

7 2 5

4

7

3

1

5 29

TOURIST STATISTICS Formby is popular with day trippers from Liverpool and other industrial towns in Merseyside and West Lancashire.

From a phone call held with Phil Moody (Head Ranger at Formby) we found out that the site receives 350,000 visitors in the summer months, easily 3,000 on a single Sunday visit.

LENGTH OF STAY (IN HOURS) 4-5 3-4 2-3

5+

< 1

1-2

GROUP TRIPS

YOUNG COUPLES

FAMILY

ELDERLY

10.8%

18.9%

43.8%

26.5%

SWIMMING

DOG WALKING

4WD QUAD BIKING

BUCKET & SPADE

HIKING

CYCLING

RED SQUIRREL

GOLF

18%

26%

24%

20%

28%

11%

19%

22% 31

1 - CHILDREN TRIP 2 - DOG WALKING 3 - GOLFING 4 - RED SQUIRREL VISITS 5 - BUCKET & SPADE

NOLLI TO SHOW TOURIST ACCESS TO FORMBY BEACH

6 - HIKING 7 - CYCLING 8 - SWIMMING

(BLACK SPACE) represents areas of the site that are not interacted with and Void (WHITE SPACE) represents areas that are accessed and used by the tourists.

As is apparent the closer to the shoreline one gets the more void space is located and therefore the heavier the tourist impact on that site.

SAND DUNE HEIGHT 5m

20m

VISITOR % 28% 18% 14% 10%

RESIDENTS

DAY VISITS

OVERNIGHT

6%

1

3

2

4

6

5

7 8

33

CARTOGRAPHY OF FORMBY POINT SAND DUNES

35

PRECEDENTS OF GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

Inspiration of different types of graphical styles to represent various information and data.

LOCALS AND TOURISTS NEW YORK CITY

Various locations of photos uploaded to instagram by various groups of people, showing site interaction.

HERE AND THERE NEW YORK CITY

A 3D representation of the immediate environment, the viewer is shown in the third person.

HOT SPOT HONG KONG

Compares the tourist attraction hotspots in Hong Kong over layed on a Nolli Diagram of the site.

LOCATION ACCORDING TO CONTAMINATION SECTIONAL AXO

A sectional 3D representation of Location, contamination and scale of impact upon the site of human activity.

ACTIVITY

HIGH-LINE NYC

Displaying various activities which take place upon the New York High-line.

37

UNDERSTANDING GEOMORPHOLOGY Sand Dunes are formed under different coastal pretences.

The section highlighted in blue illustrates the nature of the sand dunes that have been formed at formby point.

These are migrating dunes, Migrating dunes naturally shift inward on land due to the surface being continually blown away by strong oncoming winds.

100m

STAGE IN DUNE SUCCESSION

EMBRYO & FORE DUNES

Seaweed (humus build up).

Sand building up.

Alkaline sand.

YELLOW DUNES

GREY DUNES

Surface continually blown away and replenished by fresh sand.

Increased humus content.

Reduced wind speed.

Top of dunes above high tide

PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

Low growing prostate habitat.

Waxy leaves.

Salt intolerant.

Thrives on being buried by sand.

In-rolled leaves.

Long tap roots.

Sand no longer accumulating.

Marram grass not able to compete well.

Many plants now co-existing.

HEATH/ WOODLAND

Damp, low lying hollows.

Acid soil and increased organic matter content.

High water table in winter.

Nutrient rich.

Soil acidic and pH variable.

Moisture loving plants.

Shelter developed.

Acid loving plants co-exisiting.

Woody perennials plus under-story species.

Mainly perennials.

Stabilising plants liking increased organic Matter content.

SANDWORT

MARRAM GRASS

EMBRYO & FORE DUNES

FIXED DUNES YELLOW DUNE

YELLOW DUNES

GREY DUNE

DUNE SLACK

HEATH/ WOODLAND DUNE SLACK

FIXED DUNES

PINE WOODLAND

EMBRYO & FORE DUNES

DUNE TOE

EXAMPLE PLANT

Underground rhizomes to stabilise sand.

Surface lichens.

DUNE SLACK

FORE DUNES

IFT LI NE

Scattered individuals.

FIXED DUNES

EMBRYO STRAND/ DUNES DRIFT LINE SEA

300m

STRAND /DR

DUNE CHARACTERISTICS

On-shore winds.

DUNES

COAST

MOBILE DUNES

200m

GREY LICHEN

RUSHES

HEATHER & WOODLAND

39

INLAND

0m

SCIENTIFIC SAND DUNE PLAN

FILL

IN

SCIENTIFIC SAND DUNE PLAN

41

Current representation of coastline and sand dunes on site at 2015/16.

A key showing the coastline erosion rate over the next 50 years.

Evident large shift in coastal movement over 50 years a loss of 200m.

43

1. SHORE / FOREDUNE PH 8 SEA COUCH - 1% BARE GROUND - 99%

UNCONSOLIDATED SAND WITH SHELLY FRAGMENTS NO ORGANIC CONTENT NO WATER RETENTION

2. MOBILE DUNE

PH 8 MARRAM GRASS - 90% RED FESCUE - 85%

FORMBY POINT SECTION

SAND WITH TRACES OF HUMIC MATERIAL FEWER SHELLS THAN ON THE SHORE NO WATER RETENTION

A section illustrating the nature of the site and its relationship to the migrating sand dunes.

These are shown in lighter colours and the current dune toe positioning in darker colours.

Imposed on the section is the differing kinds of tourist interaction activity and how this impacts the rate and speed of erosion on the site throughout various points in the year.

3. FIXED DUNE

PH 5 SAND SEDGE - 75% YORKSHIRE FOG AND OTHER GRASSES - 70% MARRAM GRASS BROWN SURFACE HUMIC LAYER 8CM DEEP OVERLYING SAND NO VISIBLE SHELLS SOME WATER RETENTION

4. DUNE HEATH

PH 4 LINING HEATHER - 90% GORSE - 10% HEATH RUSH - 30% BLACK HUMUS-RICH SURFACE LAYER 30CM DEEP WATER RETENTIVE OVERLYING LIGHT GREY LAYER 10CM DEEP OVERLYING ORANGE SAND

SUMMER STATS

WINTER STATS 5. SCRUB & WOODLAND PH 4 PINE WOODLAND CLIMAX VEGETATION

DUNE TOE POSITION 1924 26 ( +50M )

DUNE TOE POSITION 1906 ( +90M )

DUNE TOE POSITION 1892

DUNE TOE POSITION 1845

DUNE TOE POSITION 1966

DUNE TOE POSITION 2015 1

2

3

4

5

INCREASING SOIL DEPTH & QUALITY

SWIMMING

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

HIKING CYCLING

WALKING/ JOGGING/ DOG WALKING

4WD VEHICLE DRIVING

BUCKET & SPADE VISITORS

GOLF

PINE-WOOD VISITORS

45

47

ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES UNDERSTANDING OUR OPTIONS

49

ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES

Physical management of the coast attempts to control natural processes such as erosion and long-shore drift.

HARD ENGINEERING tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable.

SOFT ENGINEERING are less expensive. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment.

ADVANTAGES - Absorb the energy of waves.

- Allows the build up of a beach.

DISADVANTAGES - Expensive to obtain the boulders.

- Expensive to transport the boulders.

ROCK ARMOUR

ADVANTAGES - Prevents the movement of beach material along the coast by long-shore drift as it traps sediment within the plant.

- Slows down the transfer rate inland.

DISADVANTAGES - Not a massive contribution to long-shore drift.

GRASSES

ADVANTAGES - Allows the build up of a beach.

- Beaches are a natural defence against erosion and an attraction for tourists.

DISADVANTAGES - Can be seen as unattractive.

- Costly to build and maintain.

GROYNES 51

ADVANTAGES -

Easy to repair Protect the shore Function after minor damage Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t disturb the shoreline

DISADVANTAGES - Expensive and unattractive - Can be displaced easily by waves

OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER

ADVANTAGES - Makes use of excess sediment further up the Sefton coast.

DISADVANTAGES - Expensive - Continuous replenishment.

REPLENISHING

ADVANTAGES - Absorbs the waves energy and stops long-shore drift.

DISADVANTAGES - Costs a lot for the granite boulders ( rip rap) to be transported.

RIP - RAPS

ADVANTAGES - Protects the base of cliffs, land and buildings against erosion.

- Can prevent coastal flooding.

DISADVANTAGES - Expensive to build.

- Curved sea walls reflect the energy of the waves back to the sea. Cause more damage long term.

SEA WALL

ADVANTAGES - The roots hold the soil together,preventing the soil from eroding.

- The trees act as wind breakers. Thus reducing the effect of wind on long-shore drift.

- Trees reduce the speed of flowing water there by reducing the erosion.

PLANTING TREES

ADVANTAGES - Halt the erosion due to roads being built on-top of it.

DISADVANTAGES - Not aesthetically pleasing on coastline.

- Environmental implications.

- Maintenance.

ROADS 53

MODELS ILLUSTRATING SAND DUNE RETREAT ACROSS THE CHOSEN SITE

55

DEMONSTRATING COASTAL SQUEEZE 2030

2050

PINE-WOODS TOBACCO WASTE

SEA

EDGE OF FORMBY TOWN

HOSPITAL DUNE TOE

RAIL LINE The dune toe 70m. Existing tobacco would

has migrated carp-ark and have flooded.

The dune toe has migrated 180m. The beginnings of the pine woods would be at risk.

57

2080

2120

2150

The dune toe has migrated 280m.

Red squirrels are endangered.

The dune toe has migrated 600m.The Edge of Formby town would be at risk.

The dune toe has migrated 1Km. At this point Formby would be entirely flooded up-to the rail line

59

61

ON SITE STRATEGY: -

FARMING POTENTIAL SKY WALKWAYS TOURIST FACILITIES ACCOMMODATION

63

MAIN SITE LOCATION The the and

main focal of our project will lay near frontal coast, where the sand dunes lay there is a tobacco waste dumping ground.

Farming this part of our site will act as the catalyst to our design enabling us to design further infrastructure and develop the site in phases over time.

PHASE 4 - ACCOMMODATION INTEGRATE SIMPLE TREE HOUSE HOTELS. ENCOURAGE LONGER VISITS TO GENERATE MORE REVENUE

PHASE 3 - TOURIST FACILITY INTRODUCE ACTIVITY/EDUCATION CENTRES,LEISURE CAFE. GENERATE REVENUE.

PHASE 2 - SKY WALKS CONSTANTLY MIGRATING SKY WALKS, ELEVATED TO PROTECT DUNES YET ALLOW TOURIST ACCESS.

PHASE 1 - FARMING USE EXISTING FARMLAND, AND PLANT AND SELL CROPS TO FUND SITE EXPANSION. 65

DUNE TOE

FORMBY

RAIL

COASTAL SQUEEZE Coastal squeeze is the term used to describe what happens to coastal habitats that are trapped between a fixed landward boundary, such as a sea wall and rising sea levels and/or increased storminess.

The habitat is effectively ‘squeezed’ between the two forces and diminishes in quantity and or quality.

SEDIMENT DRIFT

2015 - Model at formby point, focused on tobacco lands.

- Current dune toe position - Sedimentl drift direction shown.

2075 - Farming if protected. Large revenues Generated.

- Pine Woods migrate inland.

- Natural reduction in OSB due to sediment drift.

2105 - Formby town and pine-woods migrate further inland.

- New OSB’s engineered using farmland profits.

- New OSB’s buy more time for Hospital.

2150 - If left to erode naturally.

- Dune toe position would migrate towards rail.

- Would only take 150 years.

2135 - Coastline forms a sharp point, requires taming.

- Farming expands, Pine-woods envelop Formby.

- Hospital is relocated.

OSB TOBACCO

OFF-SHORE BREAKWATER (OSB) Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather and longshore drift. we aim to use this technique to manipulate the erosion rate in certain parts of the coast. This will buy time and allow for a calculated “coastal squeeze” to take place.

PINEWOOD

SEDIMENT DRIFT

2020

HOSPITAL

- Engineering OSB to protect tobacco lands.

- Farming can take place on Tobacco site.

- OSB delays erosion rate.

2165 - OSB’s expand through collection of longshore drift.

- Formby migrated to beyond the rail route.

- Further expansion of farming, increase revenue.

2200 - Sediment drift from coastline onto OSB’s.

- Peak of coastline begins to diminish.

- Land structure: Beach>Farm>Wood>Town is restored.

2045 - Sediment drift from OSB. - Coastal squeeze begins.

- Formby infrastructure to migrate inland.

2250 - Farming is reduced.

- OSB’s left to erode naturally by sediment drift.

- Coastline is back to its original form.

67

69

FARMING POTENTIAL

The tobacco site is high content, this is currently nettles as they thrive in such

in nitrogen covered in circumstances.

If left untreated then as the coastline continues to erode eventually the tobacco waste will be washed out into the sea where the nitrogen will leak causing an Algal bloom. This is extremely harmful the current ecology within the sea.

71

TOBACCO WASTE RE-USE

Alfalfa is planted, as it absorbs the nitrogen out of the site and thrives in sandy soils. It has deep roots which will help reduce the erosion rate of the coastline and can later be sold on as animal feed.

Formby was once famous for its farming of asparagus, this is an industry which can be revived as the fields do continue to exist.

DUNE

TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN CONTENT

DUNE PUSHED BACK

TOBACCO WASTE - HIGH NITROGEN CONTENT

NETTLES

HARVEST NETTLES & SELL

PLANT ALFALFA

PINE WOOD LANDS

DEFOREST PINE TREES & SELL

DERELICT ASPARAGUS FIELDS

TROTH ASPARAGUS FIELDS

PLANT ASPARAGUS

73

FARMING PROCESS INTRO/ CONC 0

2725

IN

5500

OUT

20,725

IN

£

5500

OUT

20,725

IN

£

67,900

OUT

20,725

IN

£

5500

OUT

20,725

IN

£

0

OUT

73,525

IN

£

OUT

£

Redundant Asparagus Farm 5

Pine Trees

2

Nettles (Uritica Dioica)

9 6

13

10

17 14 15

11 7 8

3 1

16 12

4

Tobacco Waste (396,000 Tonnes)

Eroding Sand Dune (4m per year)

High Tide

Low Tide

2015 (CURRENT)

2016

1

2017

Harvest nettles

2

Sell for £2725 (£2.25/Kilo)

2018

Begin removal of Pine Trees

5

Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) 3

Harvest Nettles

Sow Alfalfa seed

Prepare land for Asparagus planting

9

Voluntary community work 6

Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 4

2019

Continue removal of Pine Trees

7

Harvest Nettles

10

Sow Alfalfa seed Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)

13

Continue removal of Pine Trees

14

Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) 11

Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 8

Plant Asparagus crowns Crowns cost £62,400 (£1.10/Crown)

Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber)

Costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)

2020

Harvest Nettles

15

Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) 12

Sow Alfalfa seed Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)

16

5500

78,225

IN

1790

OUT

81,775

IN

£

1790

OUT

110,125

IN

£

19

1790

OUT

165,275

IN

£

22

1790

OUT

IN

£

25

£

34 30

23 24

Nurture young Asparagus

17

Voluntary community work Remove remaining Pine Trees Sell for £18,000 (£8/m²of Pine timber) Harvest remaining Nettles Sell for £2725 (£2.25 profit/Kilo) Sow Alfalfa seed Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)

2022

Harvest first season of Asparagus in June

19

Sell for £57,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)

28

18

Harvest mature Alfalfa

2023

Harvest second season of Asparagus in May

22

Sell for £61,700 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 20

Sow Alfalfa seed

21

Harvest mature Alfalfa

Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)

37 33

2024

Harvest third season of Asparagus in June

25

Sell for £65,250 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 23

Harvest mature Alfalfa

24

Sow Wheat seed

Seed costs £5500 (£15/Kilo)

Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)

36 32

27

18

2021

35 31

26

21

Profit - £651,090

OUT

29

20

0

153,600

2025

Harvest Asparagus in April & June

29

Sell for £72.350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 26

Harvest mature Alfalfa

27

Sow Wheat seed

28

Harvest mature Wheat

Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)

Harvest Asparagus in April & June

34

Harvest Asparagus in April & June

35

Sow Wheat seed

36

Harvest mature Wheat

37

Prepare land for next years seed

Sell for £127,500 (£2.30 profit/Kilo) 30

Harvest mature Alfalfa

31

Sow Wheat seed

32

Harvest mature Wheat

33

Prepare land for next years seed

Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)

Seed costs £1790

2026

Sell for £132,350 (£2.30 profit/Kilo)

Sell for £16,525 (£25 profit/Tonne)

Seed costs £1790

Seed costs £1790

Seed costs £1790

Sell for £21,250

Sell for £21,250

Sell for £21,250

75

EXISTING WALKING ROUTES

There are 4 main walking routes that are popular amongst the tourist. These exist in the upper northern part of the site and vary in terrain .

DISCOVER FORMBY

MODERATE

1 HOUR 45 MIN

3 MILES (4.8Km)

EASY

1 HOUR 15 MIN

2.8 MILES (4.4Km)

EASY

1 HOUR

1.8 MILES (2.9Km)

EASY

30 MIN

1.4 MILES (2.2Km)

DOG FRIENDLY

ASPARAGUS

RED SQUIRREL

EASY WOODLAND

77

DECENT PLAN OF SITE TO SHOW WHERE THEY ARE GOING - SHOW TREES AND DESIGN DECISIONS

79

DEVELOPING WALKWAYS In order to protect and limit the contact upon the sand dunes we propose to place elevated walkways through out the site.

These walkways will maintain the tourist interaction with the site and enhance site seeing potential while limiting human impact on erosion.

GSEducationalVersion

CUT LINE, DIFFERENT PARTS, KINETIC VS STATIC

DETAILED

81

MODULAR WALKWAY Modular walkways will be placed through out the entire site. The design of the walkway is built in such a way that it can be assembled, de-assembled and reassembled continually through the site. So their locations are ever changing as the coastline is ever changing.

2.000

2000

4.000

2000

4.000

2.000

4000 4000

4.000 4.000

4.000 4.000

Straight Straight

2000

4000

4.000

Corner Corner

4000 4000

4.000

4000 4000

4000

4000 4000

2000

4000 4000 2000

2.000

4000

2000

2.000

4000

Ramp Ramp

4.000 4.000

1 in 12

1 in 12

GSEducationalVersion

Scale - 1:100

GSEducationalVersion

Scale - 1:100

83

FORK AND PIN JOINT

ALLOWS FOR ASSEMBLY AND REASSEMBLY

PINE WOOD

REUSE TIMBER FROM PINE TREE DEFORESTATION

METAL MESH

ALLOWS FOR TRANSPARENCY AND A LIGHT WEIGHT STRUCTURE

CORE-TEN STEEL POSTS

AGES WELL WITH TIME, AND BLENDS INTO SURROUNDINGS.

ATTACHMENTS DEVELOPMENT

85

VISUAL PERSPECTIVE

A 3D Visual representation illustrating the elevated walkway erected inside the pine-woods.

87

RETREATING FORMBY ENTERPRISE

FREDDIE GARSIDE 89

PRECEDENTS

Inspiration of architecture within sand dunes illustrating the materiality and construction.

91

1 - COASTLINE VIEW. 2 - BEACH LOW TIDE, EVIDENCE OF DOG WALKERS. 3 - SAND DUNE EROSION CAUSED BY HIKERS. 4 - BEACH CAR PARK.

SITE The current use of the car park is to be terminated due to the fastly eroding nature of the site.

To make use of the now vacant site I propose to develop numerous structures for varying uses that will retreat back inland with the eroding landscape. Thus designing for a flexible, long-term sustainable and profitable enterprise.

1

3

4 2

3 4

1 2

93

INITIAL IDEAS - CAFE Developed from the idea of a section cut through the Formby Dunes. The form allows the dune sediment to migrate and surround the Cafe overtime, revealing different parts of the structure as it does so.

As the dune slides over the building, it will force the structure to retreat back with the eroding sand dune. The architecture is constantly evolving as the dunes are pushed back.

CAFE - Developed from the idea of a section cut through the Forby dunes The form allows the dune sediment to migrate andsurround the Cafe overtime, revealing different parts of the structure as it does so The walkways will provide acces to the building throughout the different stages As the dune slides over the building, it will push back a shutter system to reveal glazing towards the sea side. The architecture is constantly evolving as the dunes are pushed back

95

INTRO/ CONC

Tourist Shop

Education Space

Cafe

Toilets

Community Space

National Trust Office

S

25,000

S

27,000

S

30,000

W

5,000

W

7,000

W

10,000

S

1,000

S

1,200

S

1,400

W

750

W

1,000

W

1,200

S

200,000

S

235,000

S

270,000

W

40,000

W

50,000

W

70,000

S

290,000

S

210,000

W

Visitor Statistics

250,000

Visitor Statistics

50,000

W

60,000

W

80,000

S

1,000

S

1,100

S

1,200

W

750

W

1,000

W

1,100

S

18

S

20

S

22

W

8

W

9

W

10

350,000

nd

e

n Du

ne

Li

gh

Hi

de

Ti

ne

Li

£

-180,000

£

-201,000

£

-222,000

£

+6,125

£

+7,350

£

+8,050

£

+26,000

£

+31,000

£

+37,000

£

+360,000

£

+427,500

£

+510,000

£

+6,125

£

+7,700

£

+9,100

£

+36,000

£

+40,800

£

+48,000

254,250

2016

Profit

Visitor Statistics

380,000

365,000

Sa

2015 (CURRENT)

S

313,350

2017

Profit

390,150

2018

Profit

S

35,000

S

42,000

S

50,000

S

60,000

S

70,000

W

15,000

W

22,000

W

30,000

W

40,000

W

50,000

S

1,750

S

2,000

S

3,000

S

5000

S

7,000

W

1,500

W

1,750

W

2,100

W

3000

W

5,000

S

310,000

S

355,000

S

400,000

S

450,000

S

500,000

W

95,000

W

120,000

W

145,000

W

170,000

W

200,000

S

505,000

S

320,000

W

Visitor Statistics

S

360,000

100,000

W

S W

Visitor Statistics

S

410,000

125,000

W

1,500

S

1,300

W

S

24

W

11

440,000

Visitor Statistics

Visitor Statistics

S

460,000

155,000

W

175,000

W

205,000

1,850

S

2,200

S

2,800

S

6,500

1,500

W

1,900

W

2,500

W

6,000

S

27

S

30

S

33

S

36

W

12

W

13

W

14

W

16

500,000

570,000

640,000

710,000

£

-243,000

£

-270,000

£

-297,000

£

-324,000

£

-360,000

£

+9,800

£

+11,725

£

+14,350

£

+18,550

£

+43,750

£

+42,000

£

+48,500

£

+56,500

£

+63,500

£

+71,000

£

+607,500

£

+712,500

£

+817,500

£

+930,000

£

+1,050,000

£

+11,375

£

+13,125

£

+17,850

£

+28,000

£

+42,000

£

+60,000

£

+76,800

£

+96,000

£

+120,000

£

+144,000

487,675

2019

Profit

592,650

2020

Profit

705,200

2021

Profit

836,050

2022

Profit

2023

990,750

97

PLAN _1:200 FOLD OUT

99

Dune Position +10 Years

Cafe Position +6 Years

Cafe Position +4 Years

Dune Position +8 Years

Dune Position +6 Years

Dune Position +4 Years

Cafe Position +2 Years

Direction of Retreat

ELEVATION - 1:200

GSEducationalVersion

Dune Position +2 Years

Dune Position Current

101

VISUAL PERSPECTIVE

A 3D Visual representation illustrating the front and side elevation of the cafe in relation to the surrounding site context ( the existing car park).

SHOW MOVEMENT

103

VISUAL PERSPECTIVE A 3D Visual representation illustrating the relationship between the walkway, Sand Dunes and rear of cafe. Sediment is encouraged to collect on the roof structures which seamlessly connects the building to the dune-scape.

105

AXO FOLD OUT

107

THE PINE CONE

ASMA DAULEH 109

PRECEDENTS

Inspiration illustrating

of the

tree house materiality and

architecture construction.

111

1 - FOOTPATH WITHIN THE WOODLANDS. 2 - MAKE-SHIFT SEATING GROUP AREA. 3 - GRID LIKE STRUCTURE TO PINE TREE LAYOUT. 4 - VIEW TO PINE-WOODS FROM NICOTINE PATCH. 5 - ACCESS FROM LIFEBOAT ROAD.

SITE

The current use of the pine-woods is to be transferred as the red squirrels would have been miraged east of the site.

I propose to develop numerous elevated structures for varying short stay accommodations that will be multiply over time.

Thus designing for a flexible, long-term sustainable and profitable enterprise.

4

3 5

2 1

1

2

4 5

3

113

INITIAL IDEAS - MIXED USE HOTELS The short stay Hotels will be primarily housed within one sector of the pine-woods. Within the space I Will allow for differing units of short stay accommodation that are grouped depending on purpose.

DOUBLE UNIT

FAMILY UNITS

A small (16m²) and basic unit that houses a seating, sleeping, viewing deck and WC. Built from deforested pine-wood.

A bigger (32m²) unit that houses a seating, sleeping, viewing deck and WC. Fits a family of 4 . Built from deforested pine-wood.

CAR PARK LIFEBOAT RD

ACTIVITY SPACE

LUXURY UNITS

Summer months this activity zone would be used by family and young group visitors.

A luxurious multi-story elevated structure, that would be long lasting. Views out to the beach and would be the only structure to remain long after the site has flooded. This would be made possible using dolphin engineering technology.

Winter months it is hired out by corporations for team building events.

TO THE BEACH GROUP UNITS A cluster of units that share amenities and open up onto each-other, all built from pine-wood. Outdoor seating and socialising spaces .

ELEVATED WALKWAY

Undulating walkway plays on the typography of existing dunes, allowing for a playful exploration of the site.

115

DEVELOPING THE CONCEPT CONCERN ONE. Elevated structures, while providing great treetop views do not respond enough to typography of the site and the dunes.

SOLUTION. Scatter the units across the site, allowing ground level cabins hidden amongst the dunes and elevated tree houses. A diversity in choice.

CONCERN TWO. Generating enough revenue to fund and build the entire site in one go would be costly.

SOLUTION. Phase the building of the site, deforest part of the woodlands,and build the single units, when enough revenue is generated from tourists, the money made will fund the next phase of building.

Continually grow the site over time.

CONCERN ONE

CONCERN TWO PHASING OF SITE

£+

£++

£+++ 117

PHASING

119

SKETCH IDEAS Exploring sketch of accommodation 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ideas, style

Double Units Group Unit Forrest Activity Space Family Units Luxury Units

for and

eah type occupation:

1 - Tree top structures, constructed from pine wood. Access by ladders.

2 - Group units are based on ground level on flatter landscape, clustered to allow for mingling of occupants.

3 - Enter-twined within the existing woodlands, group activity space will encourage longer stays and drum up more tourist revenue.

4 - Elevated Traditional tree house style unit, with view deck, slightly more secluded for privacy reasons.

5 - Inspired by pine-cone shape, these luxury units are designed to work when the site eventually floods due to receding coastline.

121

123

125

127

129

CRITICAL APPROACH, MOVING FORWARD AND THE FUTURE OF FORMBY POINT

131

FINAL PLAN TO SHOW ALL OF THE

OUR QUICK CONCUSSION

133

135

FREDDIE GARSIDE

ASMA DAULEH