CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS FLIPBOOK PART C JASPREET KAUR 699094 TUTOR: RAYMOND CHEUNG CASE STUDY: THE BLACK HOUSE SECTION NO. 12 PLAN PORTION: B
[1] EXCAVATION/ SERVICES DESCRIPTION
1. Turn off services 2. Put up signs to inform people of danger 3. Bulldoze existing house 4. Remove debris and rubble 5. Get land surveyor to determine boundaries 6. Plumber finds existing services
Informs people of impending construction so that they aren't injured.
SIGNS
EXCAVATOR LASER LEVELLER
Used to create foundation trenches
SECTION - STEP 1
Caps are placed on the pipes to prevent concrete or debris from going in during construction String is placed above soil to indicate the position of the pipes underground
Uses a laser to check the level of the ground.
[2] GROUND FLOOR SUPPORT DESCRIPTION
1. Excavator digs foundation trenches 2. Compacted sand is put on top to stop water 3. Covered by vapour barrier (waterproofing) 4. Reinforced mesh is put on top of bar chairs 5. Hydronic heating is attached to the mesh vis ties 6. Concrete is poured, and smoothed out 7. Rebates are made for the wet areas 8. Air pockets are removed by a machine that vibrates
Barchairs Connection of Mesh to Hydronic heating
CONCRETE TRUCK
FOUNDATION TRENCHES AND SERVICE PIPES
Removes air pockets from the concrete slab 1.
CONCRETE VIBRATOR HYDRONIC HEATING AND REINFORCED MESH
1. HYDRONIC HEATING
COMPACTED SAND
SECTION - STEP 2 REINFORCED MESH
2.and 3. 2.
VAPOUR BARRIER CONCRETE
3.
4.
4.
[3] STEEL STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
-Simple to fabricate -Easier to connect with bolts and plates -Simple to erect -Less costly than rigid -Cannot resist lateral loading. stability is provided by bracing.
FLEXIBLE JOINT
SECTION - STEP 3 PAKKA Level's out columns to make them the same height
1. Steel beams and columns are delivered to site 2. Each column is laid at the place they are to be bolted 3. Rebates are cut to hide the base plate 4. Base plates are cut to fit into rebates 5. Pakka are placed under columns to make all columns the same height 6. Columns are bolted into the ground 7. Beams are welded or bolted to the columns
TOP PLATE
[4] GROUND FLOOR FRAME DESCRIPTION - Protects the frame from any liquid that may get betweeen the gap
NOGGIN
BOTTOM PLATE
VAPOUR BARRIER
Holds the timber and steel column tightly together to prevent movement
PROPS
Supports the wall using an angled prop to support the load while construction continues
SECTION - STEP 4
CLAMP Frames are made onsite
- Two diagonal supports placed in an x shape - Support compression and tension forces - Reinforces building structures
CROSS-BRACING
1. Timber is delivered onsite 2. Frame is made onsite 3. Propped into place and connected to steel structure 4. Bracing is placed on frame to stabilise against wind
ALUMINIUM WEB
[5] NAIL PLATE
FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURE DESCRIPTION
1. Prefabricated trusses are brought to site 2. Put on top of framing in position 3. Connected to framing and steel structure 4. Underlay is put on top to created the floor for the first floor
TIMBER FRAME
SECTION - STEP 5
FLEXIBLE JOINT NAIL PLATE
[6] 1ST FLOOR FRAME DESCRIPTION
1. Timber is delivered onsite 2. Frame is made onsite 3. Propped into place and connected to steel structure 4. Bracing is placed on frame to stabilise against wind
Tightens and holds bracing in place - A sheet of plywood attached to the frame - Supports compression and tension forces - Reinforces building structures
BUCKLE
CROSS-BRACING
SHEET-BRACING
SECTION - STEP 6
LINTEL
-Horizontal members placed over window, door and other openings -Carries loads to adjoining studs
[7]
TIMBER BATTENS
ROOF STRUCTURE 1. Trusses are delivered onsite 2. Trusses are laid in their positions 3. Trusses are turned in upright position to connect to steel structure 4. Battens are laid on top of trusses 5. Bracing is placed over the batten to strengthen the structure
TIMBER FRAME
WEB
Steel Joist Hangers are attached to the timber beams and joists are sloted into the gap a screwed into place
STEEL JOIST HANGER
SECTION - STEP 7
Trusses are laid out on to of the frame
Turned upright,so that it can be connected to the existing structure
[8] WINDOW SYSTEMS Prevents the passage of water into the structure
TIMBER STUD FRAMING
BOLTS
EARTH
DESCRIPTION
1. Windows are delivered to the site 2. Placed in openings created for them 3. Above some openings are lintels that help to distribute weight and to support the roof
FLASHING
POWERTRUSS
Screwed into the timber frame
The lintel distributes the weight onto the other studs
SECTION - STEP 8
- Lateral bracing - Light-weight metal truss frame - Used for areas with large span of glass and few walls
FLEXIBLE JOINT
POWERTRUSS
TIMBER STUD WALL
ALUMINIUM ROOF SHEET
ALUMINIUM SHEET
BOX GUTTER
FLASHING
BATTENS
[9]
ROOF COVER DESCRIPTION
INSULATION
1. Reflective Foil and insulation are placed on top of the battens 2. Box Gutters are placed on every edge 3. Aluminium Sheets are placed on topand screwed to the battens
REFLECTIVE FOIL AND INSULATION BOX GUTTER
REFLECTIVE FOIL
SARKING
INSULATION WOOL
INSULATION
SECTION - STEP 9
BATTENS
ROOF SHEET
The bend on the edge of the roof sheet is put there, so that water does not come back up
BOX GUTTER
BATTENS TIMBER STUD WALL
SCREWS
FOAM
TIMBER STUD WALL
- Each sheet is connected by a plastic joint - It is indivudually painted
[10]
WEATHERTEX
EXTERNAL CLADDING
WEATHERTEX
NAILS
SCAFFOLDING
- Temporary structure - Supports people and materials - Allows workers access to hard to reach areas
DESCRIPTION
PLASTIC JOINT
VAPOUR BARRIER
RENDER VAPOUR BARRIER
FOAM/RENDERING
- Foam is placed before the render - Render sticks more effectively on the foam surface
SECTION - STEP 10
Spray painting panels to get the black colour
This wall is not rendered as it leans against the neighbouring building
SPOTTED GUM TIMBER
1. Weathertex - Painted Black on site - Nailed to timber stud 2. Timber Cladding - Painted black - Attached to balconies and deck areas 3. Render/Foam - Foam is attached to frame - Rendered charcoal on top 4. Spotted Gum Timber - Internal and external cladding - Clicks into one another
[11] SERVICES DESCRIPTION
OUTLET OF WATER FOR BATH
PVC PIPES FOR PLUMBING POWERPOINT
ELECTRICAL WIRING FOR LIGHTS
SECTION - STEP 11 HOT AND COLD WATER TAP AREA
1. Connections are made to the main source 2. Sewerage pipes are put in the kitchen, laundry, bathrooms and toilets 3. Gas connections are put in the kitchen and to the hot water system 4. Hot water is connected to the kitchen, laundry and bathroom Water connection is put in the toilet, kitchen, laundry and bathroom
PLASTERBOARD
THIN-SET MORTAR
TILES GROUT
FINISHING TRADES
TIMBER STUD WALL
NAILS
WATERPROOFING CONCRETE FLOOR
ADHESIVE UNDER PAD FINISHED WALL
CARPET
PLASTERBOARD BATT INSULATION
BATTENS UNDERLAY
SECTION - STEP 12
[12] DESCRIPTION
1. Insulation goes into the walls 2. Plaster is placed onto top of the frame 3. Walls and ceilings are painted 4. Tiles are laid in the wet area 5. Carpet is installed in bedrooms 6. Concrete is polished 7. Lighting is installed 8. Amenities such as the sinks, basins, bathtubs, etc installed
HYDRONIC HEATING
[SELECTED DETAILS] REINFORCED MESH
BARCHAIRS
ALUMINIUM WEB TIMBER STUD
CONNECTTION OF BARCHAIR, MESH AND HYDRONIC HEATING
NAIL PLATE
HYDRONIC HEATING
STEEL BEAM
REINFORCED MESH
COMPACTED SAND
STEEL COLUMN
TIMBER FRAME
1ST FLOOR TRUSS DETAIL
VAPOUR BARRIER
REBATE
CONCRETE
BOLTS
PAKKA ALUMINIUM SHEET
FOOTING DETAIL
FLASHING
STEEL COLUMN TO SLAB CONNECTION
BATTENS
STEEL BEAM BOLTS
TIMBER STUD FRAMING
BOLTS
EARTH
REFLECTIVE FOIL AND INSULATION STEEL COLUMN
POWERTRUSS
POWERTRUSS DETAIL
BOX GUTTER
ROOF DETAIL STELL COLUMN AND BEAM CONNECTION
[SELECTED PHOTOS]
REBATE
PLUMBING PIPES
FOUNDATION TRENCHES
STEEL COLUMN
PAKKA
POWERTRUSS
SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM
BOLTS
STRINGS INDICATE PIPES UNDERGROUND
STEP 1 EXCAVATION
STEP 2 GROUND FLOOR SUPPORT
STEP 3 STEEL STRUCTURE FOLD IN COVER TO PREVENT WATER FROM GOING BACK UP
STEP 8 WINDOW INSTALLATION TRUSS SLOTS ONTO EXISTING STRUCTURE
CROSSBRACING NOGGINS
STUDS STEP 6 1ST FLOOR FRAMING
STRONG BRACING TO PREVENT WARPING OF FRAME
STEP 9 ROOF COVER
STEP 5 1ST FLOOR STRUCTURE
STEP 12 FINISHING TRADES
HOT WATER COLD WATER
STEEL JOIST HANGER
PLUMBING PIPES
WATER PROOFING NAILS WITH PLASTIC STOPPER
STEP 7 ROOF STRUCTURE STEP 11 SERVICES
STEP 12 FINISHING TRADES
THIN-SET MORTAR STEP 10 EXTERNAL CLADDING EXCESS NAILS FALL OFF BY HITTING THEM WITH A HAMMER
MESH THAT RENDER STICKS TO
[NARRATION SCRIPT] Introduction - The house I am studying is the Black House. This presentation will go through the 12 stages of the construction process and will look at the main elements of construction Step 1 - Site preparation - In step 1 the first step was to demolish the house. In order to do this the main pipes for water, gas and electricity were turned off. -After the house was demolished the land surveyor laid out the boundary of the land, this was done through the placement of timber on the edges. - The plumber was also called to locate the pipes, and used string to indicate the pipes that were underground Step 2 - Ground floor preparation - Step 2 consisted of the slab work, in this stage foundation trenches were made by an excavator and then the formwork went up to indicate the slab size and prevent concrete from changing shape. Compacted sand went on top of the trenches to prevent water from going through; this was followed by a vapour barrier which also protects against water The reinforced mesh rested on top of the barchairs (point to diagram) and the hydronic heating was tied to the mesh with ties which can be seen in this diagram (point to diagram of connection). - Once this was done concrete was poured on top and levelled out, concrete rebates were cut out for the wet areas. In order to remove air pockets from the slab a concrete vibrator was used. After 23- 30 days of curing the excess vapour barrier was cut and the formwork was removed. Step 3 - Steel structure - The steel structure of this house was hot rolled, which means that it was formed at very high temperatures and can be cheaper than cold rolled steel. In order to hide the base of the steel columns rebates were cut out, due to the varying depths of each rebate pakka was used to make the columns the same height. The column was then bolted into the slab and then concrete was poured over the top hide the base. Step 4 - Ground floor framing - The ground floor framing was created onsite, the frame consists of a bottom plate, studs, noggin and a top plate (point to image and move around when talking). In order to keep the frames upright timber props were used, which were placed on an angle to support the frame. To connect the timber frame to the steel structure clamps were used to prevent movement while being bolted together. Step 5 - 1st floor structures - The first floor structure was prefabricated and then bought onto site. The trusses had an aluminium web that had nail plates on its edges and were hammered into a timber frame which was also held together with nail plates. The trusses spanned horizontally across the house. Step 6 - 1st floor framing - Similar to stage 4, the first floor framing was also built onsite. For long spans of framing lateral bracing was required. This house used two types of bracing cross bracing and sheet bracing. Cross bracing are two diagonal aluminium strips that wrapped around the frame, to tighten the bracing a buckle was used. Sheet bracing, is a sheet of plywood which is nailed to the frame.
Step 7 - Roof structure - The roof trusses were prefabricated and bought onto site. They were put into place and connected to the existing structure with steel joist hangers (point to the hanger) the steel joist hangers were connected to the timber beam and trusses with nails. Bracing was put on top of the trusses to prevent movement, on top of the trusses timber battens were placed on top to prepare for the roof cover. Step 8 - Window systems - The windows were bought onto site and were connected to the frame with screws which can be seen here (point to image). On the external part of the window flashing was placed on the top and the bottom, flashing allows rain water to drip of the edge and prevents water from going into the building. - The power truss is also put in at this stage the plate and bolts are already in the slab this was done during step 2 and the power truss is installed. Step 9 - Roof cover - In step 9, the reflective foil, insulation and aluminium roof sheet were all connected together. They were placed on top of the battens and were connected to the frame with screws. At the edge of each roof sheet -which goes into the gutterthere was a little bend. This was put there to prevent any water from going back onto the roof, once it was in the gutter. Space for the gutter and downpipes were also made during this stage. Step 10 - External cladding - This house had four types of external cladding. - The first was the Weathertex which was connected directly to the timber frame with screws. Weathertex was a sheet of timber which has been painted black; the sheets were connected to one another with a plastic joint where the sheets just slide into the slots. - Timber cladding was used on the balconies; they provided both privacy and a view. This was painted black to keep in the theme of the Black house. The cladding was connected to the steel frame of the balconies with nails; the excess nail which was visible at the end could be broken off with a hammer. - The spotted gum cladding was used both internally and externally for the laundry; this cladding clicked into place with one another - The final cladding was the foam and render wall, the foam was connected to the timber frame. In order for the render to stick a mesh was put over the top and was connected to the foam. The mesh was connected with a nail that has a plastic stopper; the stopper prevents the nail from going too far into the foam and prevents the foam from breaking. Step 11 - Services - In this stage all of the services, the gas, water and electricity were connected to the main source. The pipes for plumbing and wiring for electricity and gas went through the walls for the ground floor and went through the floor structure for the first floor. Step 12 - Finishing trades - Finishing trades consisted of many things such as laying out carpet, tiling, and painting. - In order to lay out tiles the wet area needed to be waterproofed to prevent water from leaking through and ruining the underlay. A thin-set mortar was put on the bottom and then the tiles were placed on top the mortar connected the tile to the floor. To fill in the gap between the tiles grout was poured over the top. - Plasterboard was attached to the timber stud wall with an adhesive. This was put on the timber frame; the plaster board was put on top and then nailed into the studs. A liquid plaster was used to fill in the gap between the sheets.