Fall 2013 | VOLUME 55, NO. 3
2013 Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award Recipient
Patrick Ky
Plus
• The ATCA 58th Annual Conference & Exposition • Satellite Communications for 4D Trajectory Management
www.atca.org
Contents
Fall 2013 | Vol. 55, No. 3 Published for: 1101 King Street, Suite 300 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone: 703-299-2430 Fax: 703-299-2437 info@atca.org www.atca.org
Published by:
Special Section 9 The 58 Annual ATCA Conference and Exposition 11 Recognizing the 2013 Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award Winner th
140 Broadway, 46th Floor New York, NY 10005 Toll-free phone: 866-953-2189 Toll-free fax: 877-565-8557 www.lesterpublications.com
Congratulations to Patrick Ky of SESAR Joint Undertaking!
President Vice-President & Publisher, Sean Davis
Articles 14 Satellite Communications for 4D Trajectory Management
EDITORIAL
Development of the Satcom Component of European FCI
Editorial Director, Jill Harris Managing Editor, Kristy Rydz
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Radio Check: Two-Way Communications
27
Data Link Security
40
Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR)
51
An Overview of Aircraft Systems Cyber Security
57
Satellite-based Precision Approaches at Frankfurt Airport
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Spotlight On: The FAA’s Hazardous Materials Safety Program
DESIGN & LAYOUT Art Director, Myles O’Reilly Senior Graphic Designer Graphic Designer, Gayl Punzalan Graphic Designer
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DISTRIBUTION Jennifer Holmes | 866-953-2189
© 2013 All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without
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Disclaimer: The opinions expressed by the authors of the editorial articles contained in this publication are those of the respective authors and do not necessarily
where facilities exist.
Cover background image by Jeff Bough Photos.com
Two-way Voice Communication will Continue as an Essential Part of the Air Traffic Control System
Ensuring the Future Success of Data Communications Achieving Next Generation Surveillance and Weather Radar Capability Challenges Associated with Safe Global Operation
GBAS CAT I Station to be Implemented in 2014 / Trial Station for CAT III Approach Tests Already in Use A Small Program with Big Responsibilities
Departments 3 5 7
From the Archives
From the Editor’s Desk
49 63
Member Benefits & Application
64
Index to Advertisers
From the President
Directory of Member Organizations
The Journal of Air Traffic Control
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CENTURIA CORPORATION:
COMMITTED TO INNOVATION
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FROM THE PRESIDENT
Photographer: Jacques Kloppers / Photos.com
Opportunities Abound I woulD lIKE to PErSonAlly con gratulate Patrick Ky on being selected as ATCA’s 2013 Glen A. Gilbert winner. Patrick joins a distinctive list of past recipients, and deservedly so. With more than 21 years in civil aviation and experience at the French Civil Aviation Authority and the European Commission, he leads Europe’s air traffic management modernization program. I look forward to honoring Patrick at the Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award Banquet on the evening of October 23, 2013. Please plan to join us. ATCA would also like to welcome Michael G. Whitaker to the FAA and our community. You can read his bio here at www.faa.gov/about/key_ officials/whitaker. I had an opportunity to sit with Michael recently at the Institute Management Council (IMC) meeting. He gave us his observations of his first few months on the job and, more importantly, answered a few questions regarding NextGen and the FAA’s path forward. As the Chief NextGen Officer, Michael will be responsible for all things NextGen. He indicated that NextGen was a driving force in his coming to the FAA, and that he is focused on establishing and maintaining momentum for the program. There are short-term
By Peter F. Dumont President & CEO, ATCA
items to focus on, such as immediate funding and measureable deliverables, as progress is constantly compared to the original plan that is now 10 years old. Michael stressed that flexibility is needed to adapt to new technologies and capabilities, and changes in dealing with technology sometimes defray other programs. NextGen implementation was significantly affected by the partial FAA shutdown and furloughs. Projects were scaled back to prepare for furloughs and recovery from this shift will take time. However, industry stakeholder involvement is a key element in NextGen’s success. He also briefed that the fundamental pieces are being put into place and we are making improvements in many areas. We have expanded runway capacity in Atlanta. Datacom is being tested in the Newark and Memphis markets and will be rolled out within an eight-year timeframe. ERAM and TAMR are on schedule to be completed in 2015. Metroplex is one of the most useful improvements NextGen is making and there is active stakeholder engagement with tangible benefits. The FAA is utilizing ICAO and block upgrades to support greater international coordination. However, we are keeping a close eye on the President’s budget
and how that affects air traffic and aviation. Full budget funding is hopeful, but the FAA needs to be more proactive in highlighting their successes rather than their failures to Congress. ATCA recognizes this is a time of great opportunity for the FAA and our community. FAA Administrator Michael Huerta was recently confirmed for a five-year term, the new Chief NextGen Officer is in place, and within the next few weeks we will have a permanent Assistant Administrator for NextGen. With these leadership positions staffed and a strong team in place, our community has the opportunity for some significant accomplishments in NextGen implementation over the next five years. ATCA will use its 58th Annual Conference and Exposition to facilitate conversations in the public eye, that will help form the plans that will move our industry forward. I will see you in a few days at the Gaylord in National Harbor.
Peter F. Dumont, President and CEO, ATCA
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK
ATCA
Air Traffic Control Association
Fall 2013 | Vol. 55, No. 3
By Steve Carver Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Air Traffic Control
ATCA In the Midst
control industry. Dedicated to the advancement of professionalism and technology of air several thousand individuals and organizations equipment around the world.
officers and Board of Directors
Research & Technology Solutions
Northeast Area Director: Mike Headley, Apptis Southeast Area Director:
of Change
chArlES KEttErInG oncE SAID, “The world hates change, yet it is the only thing that has brought progress.” Kettering was an engineer, a businessman, and understood the challenges associated with change. I believe Kettering would have been intrigued with these Journal papers. Change is all around aviation and yet we are very hesitant about it. Mostly, we base this hesitation on our safety concerns. The aviation industry has created all kinds of ways to meet safety challenges. One of these is through risk analysis. Within the NAS, risk analysis creates an objective approach in dealing with areas of safety concern. The use of
objectivity means the relevance of risk to those accepting the analysis. Accepting residual risk is not an easy pill to swallow. We can be paralyzed by our inability to mitigate every ounce of risk, and that risk we leave without mitigation leaves us doubting its consequences. This issue provides insight into how years ago, the aviation industry dealt with the challenges of risk in the implementation of a revolutionary means of aircraft communications: air-to-ground radio. The articles take us back to a time not unlike today, where the safety and business risk of a new technology system with the potentials for improvements in operations became a balancing act for desired outcomes. Sound familiar? Photographer: Alex Slobodkin / Photos.com
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Membership in the Air Traffic Control Association including subscriptions to the Journal and ATCA Bulletin: Professional, $130 a year; Professional Military Senior Enlisted (E6–E9) Officer, $130 a year; Professional Military Junior Enlisted (E1–E5), $26 a year; Retired fee $60 a year applies to those who are ATCA Members at the time of retirement; Corporate Member, $500–5,000 a year, depending on category. Journal subscription rates to non-members: U.S., its territories, and possessions—$78 a year; other countries, including Canada and Mexico—$88 a year (via air mail). Back issue single copy $10, other countries, including Canada and Mexico, $15 (via air mail). Contributors express their personal points of view and opinions that are not necessarily those of their employers or the Air Traffic Control Association. Therefore The Journal of Air Traffic Control does not assume responsibility for statements made and opinions expressed. It does accept responsibility for giving contributors an opportunity to express such views and opinions. Articles may be edited as necessary without changing their meaning.
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FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK The FAA’s Office of Security and Hazardous Material Safety (ASH) provides us this Fall with an article on its Hazardous Materials Safety Program. This area of aviation safety is not well known outside of ASH, and the article provides great insight for those who know little of HAZMAT, and a great refresher for those who do. Not to be upstaged, the winning paper from ATCA’s Aviation Cyber Security Day: “Data Link Security, Ensuring the Future Success of Data Communications” has the honor of serving as centerfold of this Journal. Written by Paul Storck and Everette Ayers, Ph.D., of ARINC, the paper takes the reader into the workings of data communication and the perils associated with not addressing cyber security in both the DataComm transmissions and avionics systems. As a final note, I recently listened to a conversation on PBS between a commentator and a retired U.S.
Senator. The Senator was talking about cyber security in the power grid and the difficulties of bringing the private and public sides of this industry under one leadership in order to create a consistent cyber security framework that includes response. This Senator felt that without a single authority, the challenge of cyber security within the power industry would not be resolved. I could not agree more. We are at a threshold in aviation where the NextGen architecture extends the operational capacities of the NAS by directly involving the operations and technical systems of the aviation’s private sector. The operational challenges of the NextGen architecture become the same as the power community. Without a single nontechnical operational entity to organize a response across the community of aviation – both private and public – aviation operations will fail in its ability to limit the affects of a cyber
attack. Just like the power industry, aviation is only as good as its weakest link. Understanding those weaknesses and knowing how to continue operations in a hostile cyber environment is essential to the welfare of aviation and its customers. The technical part of cyber protection is easy compared to the operational difficulty of strategically identifying an attack. Of course, a private/public partnership allowing for single strategic aviation operational leadership with authority to direct immediate operational action will be a paradigm change very difficult to accept.
Steve Carver, Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Air Traffic Control
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58TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION
Join us at the largest Air Traffic Control Conference and Exposition in the Americas.
The ATCA 58th Annual Conference and Exposition will take an in-depth look at the future of air traffic control. As ATC/ATM industry thought leaders, ATCA continues to make its annual conference the premier forum for aviation professionals.
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58TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION
Don’t miss out on your three most productive days of business in 2013. A CONFERENCE OF INDUSTRY LEADERS The conference is three days of presentations, seminars, and networking opportunities with the key insights from internationally recognized experts in the ATC industry. JOIN IN THE TRADITION For 58 years, the ATCA Annual Conference and Exposition has brought together global aviation organizations and leaders to meet and discuss the ever-changing field of ATC. Don’t miss out on your three most productive days of business in 2013.
WANT TO CONNECT?
Register Today at: www.atca.org/Register58 Exhibit Info at: www.atca.org/Exhibit58 Sponsorship Opportunities listed at: www.atca.org/Sponsor58 Follow ATCA on Twitter for up-to-the-minute news: www.twitter.com/ATCA_now And like us on Facebook for photos from the event: www.facebook.com/AirTrafficControlAssociation
THE LATEST INNOVATIONS See the largest ATC exhibition in the Americas, where exhibitors feature their newest and most efficient technologies. Exhibitors at the 58th include: • Adacel Systems, Inc. • AC4S • Aerospace Engineering & Research Associates • Air Traffic Control Association (ATCA) • Airtel ATN • All Weather, Inc. • ARINC Incorporated • ATAC • B-3 Solutions • Barco, Inc. • CA Technologies • CGH Technologies, Inc. • Cobec Consulting, Inc. • Cobham Antenna Systems • Concept Solutions, LLC • CSC • CSSI, Inc. • Diamond Antenna & Microwave Corporation • Dynamic Solutions Inc. • EIZO • Engility Corporation • Evans Consoles • FAA Data Communicaton Frequentis USA, Inc.
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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
General Dynamics Grant Thornton Harris Corporation HP/Intel iBiz IBM Global Business Services Intelligent Automation, Inc. Inventive Electronics Iron Bow Technologies Kongsberg Gallium L-3 STRATIS Lockheed Martin LS Technologies, LLC MCR, LLC Metron Aviation Midwest ATC Service, Inc. Moog, Inc. Motorola Solutions, Inc. National Center for Atmospheric Research NATS NAVCANatm/Searidge Technologies North Star Group, LLC Northrup Grumman Corporation Pragmatics, Inc. Performance Technologies
• Raytheon • SAAB Sensis Corporation • Scientific Research Corporation (SRC) • SELEX Systems Integration • Snowflake Software • STR-SpeechTech Ltd. • Sunhillo Corporation • Systems Atlanta, Inc. • Telegenix • Tetra Tech • Thales ATM, Inc. • The Boeing Company • The Mitre Corporation • The Washington Consulting Group, Inc. • TKO’s • UFA, Inc. • US DOT/RITA/Volpe National Transportation Systems Center • Veracity Engineering • WIDE USA Corporation • World ATM Congress And More!* *Exhibitor Listing as of August 2013
2013 GLEN A. GILBERT MEMORIAL AWARD
ATCA Honors Patrick Ky as Recipient of 2013 Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award Air Traffic’s Top Award to SESAR JU’s Executive Director thE AIr trAffIc control ASSocIAtIon IS ProuD to announce Patrick Ky, Executive Director, SESAR Joint Undertaking, as its 2013 Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award winner. With more than 21 years in civil aviation and experience at the French Civil Aviation Authority and the European Commission, Ky currently leads the SESAR Joint Undertaking – Europe’s air traffic management modernization program. Ky will be honored at the Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award Banquet (www.atca.org/KyGilbertAward) the evening of October 23, 2013. About Mr. Ky Patrick Ky was appointed Executive Director of the SESAR Joint Undertaking in October 2007. Since then, Ky has driven the set-up and execution of SESAR, Europe’s ambitious air traffic management modernization program. One of his main priorities is the inclusion of all relevant air transport actors in this public-private partnership. As a result, more than 2,000 experts from 80 companies in Europe and worldwide are actively contributing to the 300 projects of the SESAR work program. Prior to SESAR, Ky held managerial positions in organizations including the French Civil Aviation Authority, Eurocontrol, and the European Commission.
“I’ve watched Patrick over the last 20 years develop and become the advocate of innovation and change in air traffic control, taking the difficult stages of SESAR and executing them well and under very challenging circumstances. ATCA has chosen the perfect candidate for this award.” – Neil Planzer, ATCA Chairman-Elect and former Glen A. Gilbert winner “I am extremely honored to have received this prestigious award. Even more so given that I am awarded for something that I remain so committed to – you cannot lead where you do not go. The transformation to SESAR is a milestone in aviation history and I have immense pride that I have been able to be part of that journey.” – Patrick Ky, Executive Director, SESAR Joint Undertaking “Patrick Ky has been the driving force behind the SESAR Joint Undertaking from the very beginning. It is thanks to Patrick’s leadership that his team has been able to deliver such impressive results – making the organization an indispensable player in modernizing Europe’s ATM infrastructure. SESAR is making a valuable contribution to not only the Single European Sky but also to the European economy as a whole. Under Patrick’s mandate, the SESAR program has seen the expansion of partners and he has helped the aviation community understand that SESAR simply makes good business sense. I am delighted that this prestigious award confirms that his work and commitment should be recognized.” – Siim Kallas, Vice President, European Commission
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2013 GLEN A. GILBERT MEMORIAL AWARD
“ICAO congratulates Patrick on receiving the prestigious ATCA Glen Gilbert award. Through his leadership, SESAR brought all the European aviation players to the table to develop a way forward to serve European needs, which provided one of the key foundations for the ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan and the development of the aviation system block upgrades. These plans will serve global aviation for many years to come. Patrick’s personal commitment to aviation is clear and this award is well deserved.” – Nancy Graham, Director, Air Navigation Bureau, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Attending the Banquet The Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Banquet serves as the capstone to the ATCA 58th Annual Conference & Exposition. The award is ATCA’s highest honor and one of the premier awards in aviation. Honoring the outstanding, longterm achievement of an individual in the field of aviation, the award is named after Glen A. Gilbert (1913 – 1982), the “father of air traffic control” and writer of the first air traffic control manual. Previous winners include former FAA Administrators: The Hon. Jane Garvey and The Hon. Najeeb Halaby; Captain Elrey B. Jeppesen; and Pilot A. Scott Crossfield. The award trophy is displayed at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. A full list of past recipients can be found at www.atca.org/GlenGilbert. Interested in purchasing Gilbert Banquet Tickets or sponsoring a Corporate Table? Call Claire Rusk, ATCA’s VP of Operations, at +1-703-299-2430 or email Claire.Rusk@atca.org.
This Press Release was originally distributed on June 19, 2013. For Media Inquiries, contact Marion Brophy, ATCA Communications Director, at Marion.Brophy@atca.org. Sesar JU Communications Contacts: Nathalie Oghlian, Chief Communication, Nathalie.Oghlian@sesarju.eu, T +32 2 507 80 12 Christine Stewart, Communication Associate, christine.stewart@sesarju.eu, T +32 2 507 80 30
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Satellite Communications for 4D Trajectory Management Development of the Satcom Component of European FCI By Catherine Morlet, Iris Programme Requirements and Standardisation Manager, European Space Agency and Nicholas Lan, Iris Programme Assistant Systems Engineer, HE Space for European Space Agency
Photographer: James Thew / Photos.com
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SATCOM
Low costs for end-users, particularly airlines and aircraft manufacturers, is a key requirement area to ensure acceptability of the system for these stakeholders.
Introduction The move away from voice-based ATM and toward 4D trajectory management[1][2] through data communications requires high performance Future Communications Infrastructure (FCI). Data communications will become the primary means of communications, replacing voice communications. Performances required from FCI have been identified in collaboration between EUROCONTROL and the FAA in the Communications Operating Concept and Requirements (COCR) document[3]. With particular emphasis on the challenging availability identified in COCR, a multilink communications infrastructure has been identified in Europe as the most feasible and cost effective solution in achieving this long-term goal. This result of the Single European Sky Air traffic management Research (SESAR) definition phase that was concluded in 2008 has enabled the identification of satellite communications (satcom), working in parallel with terrestrial technologies, as one Air Ground Data Link (AGDL) within a multilink FCI. In provision of seamless, low-cost communication services between the cockpit and the ground, satcom is therefore intended to share required availability performance between satcom and terrestrial AGDLs. At the same time it will leverage inherent advantages of satellite communications to efficiently complement other AGDLs with little or no impact on the satcom system. Several opportunities in this vein are identified, including the provision of service over ORP regions with the same performances as for continental airspace, ubiquitous performance in general within the satellite coverage area, immediate deployment at the level of a world region, and additional provision of AOC data and emergency voice services. Furthermore, service is intended within the L band where priority is given to these safety services, avoiding interference from commercial communications. This article is intended to give an overview of the major results achieved during development of the satcom component of European FCI and present the roadmap toward implementation of this technology.
European Infrastructure Development Overview SESAR Joint Undertaking (JU) is responsible for the development of FCI in Europe as laid out by the EC’s concept of Single European Sky (SES)[4][5][6]. The concept of multilink communication infrastructure, including the satellite AGDL as one of three options for air/ground communication, is illustrated in Figure 1. Multilink functionality will determine the use of the different AGDLs in this infrastructure, deciding which AGDLs to use based on link quality and availability[7][8].
Figure 1: The primary means of communication in different airspaces in the multilink concept
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SATCOM Iris, element 10 of the ARTES programme, aims to develop a new air-ground communication system for Air Traffic Management (ATM) Courtesy of the ESA
Smooth transition to use of this technology is supported through design for future performance requirements while keeping legacy compatibility in mind. The main responsibilities in development of the satellite component of European FCI are split into three parts between SESAR JU and the European Space Agency (ESA). Definition of the multilink approach is under the responsibility of SESAR Project 15.2.4 (P15.2.4), while specific responsibility for the satcom component is under the responsibility of SESAR Project 15.2.6 (P15.2.6). With the work of P15.2.4 as input, P15.2.6 is responsible for the development of mission level requirements for satcom and verification and validation of the satcom concept according to the European Operational Concept Validation Methodology (E-OCVM) phases V2 and V3[9]. Taking the requirements developed by P15.2.6 as input, ESA’s Iris programme has been given the responsibility of design of the satcom solution, including a communication standard intended for introduction at ICAO level. Close collaboration with SESAR is particularly important since ESA is also responsible for provision of infrastructure required for E-OCVM phase V2 and V3 verification and validation to be performed by P15.2.6. Multiple stakeholders in satcom for ATM are directly involved in both SESAR projects. In addition, both SESAR and ESA work closely with other aviation stakeholders including EASA and Airspace users to foster broad consensus on and compliance to user needs. User Requirements An updated version of the Satcom Mission Requirements Document (Satcom MRD) has recently been submitted by P15.2.6. This version is mature and future changes are not expected to significantly impact system design. Expected 16
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for release in 2014 is a final version accounting for anticipated iteration. This document represents a consolidated expression of user needs with respect to satellite communications for European ATM communications. A key challenge in the development of these requirements has been in balancing the needs of various stakeholders in relation to defining requirements that are achievable in a cost efficient manner. The result emphasizes the following areas: performance and safety required for provision of full 4D trajectory management communication services, ensuring low costs for end users, enabling global, seamless interoperability based around open standards, and, where efficient, providing additional AOC and ADS-C services that can improve the business case for the service. Performance requirements are currently based on COCR, especially with regard to availability, integrity, and time delay of the transmission. While some further iteration is expected regarding the details of the required performances, particularly as a result of the work of P15.2.4, performances are anticipated to either remain unchanged, or to become slightly less stringent, and any potential changes are not expected to impact heavily on system design. Additional safety requirements, encompassing requirements for the service and its constituents to be certified, have taken input from a range of relevant stakeholders, including EASA and the ATM Satcom Safety Board (ASSB), founded by ESA under the leadership of EASA. Seamless, global interoperability is envisaged through standardization, with multiple regional or global satellite systems that, through adherence to the Communication Standard described in the following section, can provide