MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

TILE UP an environment-friendly community for leftover tiles

BY AOMRUETHAI LO-APIRAKKUL

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my sincere thanks to my tutor Cordula Friedlander, along with Silvia Grimaldi and Hena Ali Naeem Khan for the invaluable guidance, suggestions, and encouragement throughout the learning process of this project. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mrs Alba Fernandez Arias, Mr Richard Bull for all supports and insightful suggestions. I am also grateful to Mr Nattaphun Teerajarungkiat for his help and reassurance through the implementation of this research.

Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge all participants who agreed to be interviewed and gave rich feedback for this project. The research could not have been successfully conducted without their participation and data. Last but not least, I would like to thank Service Experience Design and Innovation 2017/18 classmates for their feedback and support throughout the entire course.

Abstract

The objective of this research is to explore the opportunity around the sustainable consumption of building material in the UK. This was achieved by employing service design methodologies with the circular economy, a concept that leads to the efficient use of resources. The present research investigated the potential methods for creatively reusing resources in an efficient way, and explores the possible service outcomes that respond to the objectives based on the user-centred approach.

First, this report focuses on user research to understand the journey of consumption and identify needs, gaps, and motivations.

Following this the author presents secondary research and a more detailed analysis with users as well as stakeholders to define the problem space and to set a design brief. Subsequently possible services are examined by running codesign activities with potential users. In the final section this report will summarise the service concept and value.

Content

1

11

Background & Context Statistic of waste in the UK Circular economy Scope and opportunity Design methodologies

Discover 3 5 7 9

Field research Interview Journey map Insights I Desk research Case study

25

49

Define

Material selection Further interview Tile market size Survey Insight II Themes Viable possibility Design brief Personas

13 15 17 19 21 23

Develop 27 29 31 33 35 36 39 41 43

Desk research Workshop exploration Design space Co-design Prototype testing

51 53 55 57 65

99 Scalability

101 Conclusion

67

103

Deliver

Service concept Ecosystem map Benefit User journeys Service blueprint Value proposition Business model SWOT analysis Touchpoints

Bibliography 69 71 72 73 77 83 85 87 89

105 Appendix

”

“Human being create enormous amounts of waste we should strive to become less bad.”

McDonough and Braungart, 2013

It is time to take responsibility for an environment that we have intruded. Using the capability of ourselves and employ the inventions that we established to support and keep the good environment for the future generation.

1

Background & Context Statistic of waste in the UK Circular economy Scope and opportunity Design methodologies

2

59%

The waste from construction was about 120 million tonnes that is more than half 59% - of the total waste of the UK. Figure 1: UK statistic on waste, 2014

32%

The UK construction industry is responsible 32% of landfill waste.

Figure 2: Design Building Wiki, 2018

13%

13% of building materials are sent to landfill without being used.

Figure 3: Design Building Wiki, 2018

3

Statistics of Waste in the UK A landfill is the final control measure for the disposal of waste. When waste is buried beneath the ground it affects the environment. According to Newton, in 2018 about two-thirds of landfill waste releases methane gas that contributes to global warming. Moreover, landfill waste impacts groundwater pollution that consequently has an effect on human health.

The generation of waste is rapidly increasing due to the high demand of consumers across all industries. Yet the construction industry has generated a disproportionate amount of debris waste.

The construction industry has a vast impact on the environment, whether through energy consumption or the waste of materials. Construction waste contributes a significant proportion - more than half - of total waste in the UK (see Figure 1).

According to the UK’s statistics on waste (2014), the total generation of waste in the UK was around 202 million tonnes, and the waste from construction was accounting for 120 million tonnes of that total. Moreover, approximately 32% of landfills are produced by the construction and demolition of buildings (Design Building Wiki, 2018, Figure 2).

In addition to the above mentioned wasted materials, leftover material generated by a surplus order of materials represents another type of unwanted material waste.

Certain leftover materials cannot be used in other building projects because they are specific to a particular project, and also the leftover amount may not be enough for a future project. These leftover materials will end up at waste sites; as stated on the Design Building Wiki (2018, Figure 3), 13% of all building materials are sent to landfill without being used. This 13% of unused material being wastefully sent to landfill should be critically examined and minimised, as unused materials should not be classified as waste. Unused material still holds value for use if organised efficiently.

Background & Context

4

Circular Economy

The circular economy is the global economic model established by The Ellen MacArthur Foundation. One of the aims is to keep materials and resources in use and to retain their value for as long as possible. This way we maximise the lifetime of products already made (The Ellen MacArthur Foundation report, 2013). The circular economy shifts us away from the current wasteful and inefficient linear consumption mechanism, one which only makes, takes, and disposes (Webster, 2017).

5

According to the circular economy diagram (Figure 4) found in a report by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, there is a leakage point before the stage of incineration for energy recovery and/or landfill, a leak needed to be minimised as it is wasting valuable resources. In a different stage it has the suggestion to reconsider the product as a precious resource and keep it in the circle. The inner circle could create greater savings in terms of material, labour, and conserving the energy of the product already made.

Manufacturers & Suppliers

Remanufacture / Redistribute

Service provider Reuse

Maintainance

collection

User

Leakage to be minimised

Energy recover

Landfill

The circular economy Diagram.

Original source in the report Towards a Circular Economy, by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2011 `(figure 4)

“Applying an idea of circular economy will help to reduce the demand for raw materials while saving money�

- Cheshire, 2016, p.11

Background & Context

6

Scope of Research & Opportunity

Manufaturer

Supplier

Remanufacture Contractor Redistribute

Reuse

Building owner DIY Refurblisher Maintainance

collection

According to circular economy and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, any leftover materials should be re-used for future projects, as it still retains its value as a building material. The current research, as an individual project in service design field, will develop a strategy to prevent discarded leftover material by emphasising and explicitly asserting the value of the material.

Consequently this will minimise the amount of unused material sent to UK landfills.

There should be an alternative solution to encourage the efficient use of material and create economic value. Utilising the circular economy principle could lead to several approaches that would preserve the value of building material already made; and the adaptability of service design methodologies could help by conducting the research employing a user-centred approach.

Leakage to be minimised

Energy recover

In line with the circular economy, this research recreates the schematic related specifically to the particular topic under investigation: building material (Figure 5).

Landfill

The circular economy Diagram of building material in use.

(Figure 5)

7

Accordingly, the current research asks the following questions in response to the hypothetical concepts around each circle of the diagram: Manufacturers

Who precisely should be targeted to minimise the number of leftover materials sent to landfill?

How can consumers who use building materials understand and manage leftover materials?

What incentive could encourage consumers to organise leftover materials for future use rather than simply discarding them?

How could a service be created to fit in with the journey of material consumption?

How could such a service bring greater value to leftover materials along with supporting the economy in a sustainable way?

Material suppliers Designers

Salvage stores

Builders Householders / DIY refurbishment Waste management companies

Local council Recycling centre

These questions lead to many specific challenges. By identifying this set of questions, the current research aims to investigate how such a service could in principle be created.

Following these research objectives, it is appropriate to start by identifying who might represent the ideal candidates to be actively involved in building material consumption management. Below is an initial list that corresponds to the map of stakeholders in Figure 6:

Consumers

Environment organisations

Initial stakeholder map.

(Figure 6)

Builders, Householders and DIY refurbishment projects represent the primary consumers of building materials, and they collectively lead on to generate the other bodies as shown in the stakeholder map (Figure 6)

Background & Context

8

Design Methodologies

Discover

Jun

July

Business

Service Design

Design

Related Fields

Where is service design fitted in? (Map) Stefan Moritz, 2005

9

Background & Context

Define

Aug

Sep

The main design methodology used in this research is the service design methodology, a problem-solving process utilised to understand the waste issue concerning building materials. Additionally, the current research will also use the double diamond model to describe and frame the information included in this project.

Develop

Oct

Deliver

Nov

Dec

‘Discover’ Research methodologies in the ‘discover’ section below include an open exploration of the topic achieved through information discovered from primary and secondary research sources. This information will be presented alongside interviews with people related to the industry, narrowing down the topic and further sharpening up the working definition.

‘Develop’ Following the define stage, the ‘develop’ section covers the development of the service based on the design brief set in the previous section. Here is presented the co-design session as well as prototype testing, with potential users and experts to develop the service as a user-centred approach.

‘Define’ In the ‘define’ section all collected data from the previous ‘discover’ section is analysed and integrated by using service design tools with secondary research. This defines the theme and sets the design brief.

‘Deliver’ In the concluding ‘deliver’ stage the final outcomes of the research are given, summarising the value of the project, and evaluating the service and scalability of the project.

10

11

Discover Field research Interview Journey map Insight I Desk research Case study

12

13

Field Research Salvage store

“We do not collect leftover materials, we only do with used material�

- Manager at LASSCO

In this discover section below the research aims to find what building materials are currently being wasted the most, and what materials in particular could be preserved.

The current investigator visited a salvage store in London and observed, interviewed, and investigated what type of materials end up there and why.

There was a significant amount of floor material sold in the salvage store, and all were used materials. From interviewing the manager and staff at the store, the current research discovered thee salvage store has a connection with a demolition company, and the materials were collected from them. The flooring materials such as wood and tiles were collected from both demolition companies and individuals.

However, importantly, the salvage store does not collect surplus material because the primary selling point of the store is the antique nature of all the products. The majority of customers are people who buy form them to renovate their home.

From this field research, the present project sharpened its focus on leftover building material, and investigates further.

Discover

14

Interview The research interviewed people who involve in building material consumption.

The result from interview presenting pertinent quotes from interviews with people about building material waste.

Householders

Builders

“I don’t know how to reuse the materials”

“I do share the leftover materials with others contractors that I know nowadays by words of mouth”

- Adnan, 25

- Andy, 36

“If I can give it to someone, I’d like to do so, to save my cost” - Jay, 35

There is a lack of inspiration to reuse or upcycle the leftover material.

Surplus material requires a lot of space to store, and often there simply is not enough space for them, thus they decide to discard.

There is some cost involved to use rubbish removal services, and people want to save that cost if at all possible.

“The disposal fee is far more expensive” - Andy, 35

The disposal fee is far too expensive and the motivation is to save that cost.

Sharing material currently occurs among builders, but it is a small word of mouth community.

Generally, suppliers do not take back leftover material.

Sustainable architect “It’s well worth to look into the issue because most of the construction sites have many leftover materials and they throw away.”

15

Discover

16

DIY Re-furbishers Householders

Builders

Actions

Needs

Actions

Needs

Over-ordering materials to spare any error when installing.

Looking for cheap tiles.

Over-ordering materials to spare any error when installing.

Looking for cheap tiles.

Do it by themselves or hire builders to do it.

Practical instruction for DIYers.

Do the job, professionally.

Produce waste less as possible.

Keep

Keep for future maintenance.

Have no idea what to do with leftovers.

Keep some materials for the future jobs, and discard some.

Save the storage space for the materials that could be used in the future project only.

After use

Eventually, forget about those leftovers and do not want to use them anymore.

Want to pass leftovers to others at a low price or free.

Pass some leftover materials to other builders by words of mouth.

Wider community to pass, exchange or sell leftover materials.

Disposal

Decide to dispose of those leftovers by hiring skip or rubbish removal service.

Want to save disposal cost as much as possible.

Hire skips to dispose of materials; used, off-cut, and even useless leftovers sometimes.

Save disposal cost as much as possible.

Purchase

Use

the

Less surplus order as much as possible.

the

Less surplus order as much as possible.

as

Trusted builders as well as skilful one for people who hire.

Be aware of the environmental impact if there’s a chance.

Emotional map

:)

Objectives

:(

�

How to help everyone find the cheap materials.

How to support households to find the trusted builders as well as support the builders get more chance to have a job.

How to promote the reuse, upcycling methods in a way that encourage people who don’t know what to do with leftovers.

How to expand the exchange community wider.

How to divert the leftovers from the traditional waste control, and create the greater value of those leftovers.

Discover

18

1.

Insights

Saving money

Most of the interviewees were driven by a desire to save disposal costs if possible, whether they are householders who would like to save the cost of hiring rubbish removal services, or builders who would like to save the commercial waste fee.

�

Opportunity

19

How might the project create the alternative way to divert the leftovers from waste while saving the disposal cost?

Lack of inspiration

Shared resources

The majority of interviewed householders eventually disposed of their leftover materials because they were lacking information about reusing and recreating.

Builders have a means to minimise waste and the disposal fees by sharing surplus materials with other builders. This implies an initial mindset toward re-use, and is a good starting point for saving resources, one which could be promoted.

�

�

How might the project give the inspiration to reuse, recreate things from their old materials?

How might the project provide the place where people can exchange their leftover materials rather than disposing?

Discover

20

Desk Research The secondary research below was conducted along with the interviews to find out more about the disposal process of building material.

According to the Controlled Waste Legislation (2012), most building materials are not classed as household waste, but as commercial waste. And as such, building materials cannot be sent to local household waste recycling centres as that commercial waste is not included in the council tax for collecting, recycling, and disposing.

However, according to the Recyclenow website produced by WRAP, some types of building material could be sent to the local household waste recycling centre in a limited quantity and for a fee, as those materials could be recycled, and would have a beneficial impact (such as timber, bricks, plasterboard, and metal).

The commercial waste not allowed to be sent to the household waste recycling centre needed to be put in a skip hired by the waste owner. And the owners have to cover all the costs associated with the waste.

However, only some specific building material is permitted in the skip.

“The true cost of filling and disposing of one skip with mixed construction waste in one study was found to be £1,343 whilst the cost of unused material in the skip was the most significant at £1,095” - WRAP UK

21

Building material can put into the skip;

Brick Stone

(Rubble)

Tile Wood Carpet Metal

Source: Brown Recycling Limited, HSS Skips, Love skips, Enva, Skiphire comparison websites.

Discover

22

Case study

Case Study

This chapter examines the case study ‘The Community RePaint network’. It is an excellent case study that runs a service based around leftover paint. It aims to collect leftover paint from individuals or organisations, and to pass that paint on to others individuals and families at an affordable price. The project enables people on a low income an opportunity to re-paint their homes on a budget, and also to help local groups and charities to redecorate their shared spaces for the local community.

23

Regarding their service model, the project works in corporation with some local councils and Household Waste Recycling Centres (HWRCs) to serve as the drop-off and collection points. The project is a website base where people can find and give leftover paint by providing their postcode and putting them in contact with local service providers that can go to collect, and give paint over.

Resource: The Repaint community website

However, each scheme has different conditions that customers need to check prior to using the service, for example, collecting only the residents in a specific borough.

The project also accepts paint from commercial projects, but customers need to pay for collection and operational costs.

As this research is an individual project, taking inspiration from the above case study, it leads the focus to narrow down from general building material to particular materials of interest. This provides a framework and direction, as well as the possibility of growth in terms of funding from a particular brand of material.

Discover

24

25

Define Material selection Further interview Tile market size Survey Insight II Themes Viable possibility Design brief Personas

26

Material selection Possibility of future use

Recycling

Disposal end-line

Tile Low

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

High

Low

High

Carpet

Timber

Metal

Brick

Stone

Tile metric selection I (Figure 6)

27

Aggregate

Energy recover

Variety of inventive

Landfill

As shown in the metric selection schematic (Figure 6 and 7), tile is the only material difficult to use in the project due to the difference of the specifications from designers on specific projects. And moreover, there are fewer recycling opportunities as it currently can only be aggregated with brick and stone to be used on road construction or landfill.

Stone

Less

High

possibility of future use

Carpet

possibility of future use variety of inventive recycling

The selection method for the material is based on the measured possibility of future use, informed by the interviews conducted, the variety of inventive recycling opportunities, as well as the final control process of waste disposal based on the secondary research presented above. The list of building materials under comparison are the discarded materials in the skip as stated in the discovery stage (p.21-22)

Brick

Low

MORE

To be able to create the minimum viable service, it is expedient to start with one specific material. One which provides the greatest opportunity for success and impact, and later this can used as a model and expanded upon to include other types of building material.

Tile

variety of inventive recycling

In addition to the case study that influenced the current project to select a particular material to focus on, there is another factor sharpens the focus to start with one material: building materials have various types, and each one has a different process for reusing, upcycling, and recycling.

Timber Metal

Tile metric selection II (Figure 7)

Carpet could also be classified individually demanded, like with tile, but nowadays, carpet has a variety of recycling and even remanufacturing schemes, with the support from carpet brands and carpet recycling throughout the UK. Timber, metal, brick and stone could be used for the purposes of this project considerably more easly than tile and carpet. Brick and stone have no variety of recycling opportunities, however timber and metal have a array of recycling possibilities developed over the last few decades. *more information in Appendix p.104

Define

28

Further interview A tile Supplier

The current research project, after the above analyses, conducted an interview with a tile supplier in order to find out more information and understand the process of tile supply. Whilst several tile suppliers were contacted, only one was willing to discuss their business with the author. In spite of the lack of diversity, plentiful useful information and insight was gained from the one supplier:

29

“Every order, customers over order around 10-15% of the exact amount that they need” “After selling, we’ve never taken leftover tiles back” - Richard, 50

From the tile supplier’s perspective, money is a barrier to taking action on the environment.

Builders and installers are their main customers.

Currently, after tiles have been fired, they cannot go back to the pool of raw material to produce a new tile.

Only unfired tiles can be ground and used to reproduce new tiles.

Tile are commonly crushed into hardcore material for road construction.

Define

30

Tile Market Size

UK Tiles Market - 2014-2020 - by Value (ÂŁm at MSP)

5.0

550

4.0

500

3.0

450

2.0 400 1.0 350

0.0

300

-1.0 2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Est

Fcst

Fcst

Fcst

Original source in the AMA research website, 2018 (figure 7)

31

According to AMA research, UK Leaders in Building and Construction Market Research (2018) stated that the floor and wall-tile market remains relatively positive with the market forecast, as shown in the graph opposite (Figure 7). In fact, the growth rate is forecast to grow by around 7% between 2017 and 2021.

This data indicates that the demand for tiles is increasing each year, and when taken with the information provided by the tile supplier during the interview presented earlier, that every tile order is done with an intentional surplus of approximately 1015%, the future figures for tile waste and surplus will only increase in the future.

Define

32

Survey Next, the current research conducted a survey distributed a sample population of potential users of the service formulated in this report so far, based on the case study and other research outcomes. The aim of the survey was to understand different points of view and potentially missed opportunities concerning the tile service, and to ascertain how the service might create greater value for the tiles themselves.

The main thematic line of questioning was;

“What is the preferable method to make your leftover tiles more valuable, and why?�

Reusing and exchanging leftover tiles could retain the most value of material itself.

Creating something creative is could up the value of leftover tiles for others using purposes.

After assessing the feedback, and selecting emerging themes from the answers, the results suggested the majority of participants would opt to reuse tiles for other purposes and exchange tiles with others who want to use them; and that this is the best way to create the most value from leftover tiles.

This was followed by upcycling leftover tiles to create something creative if those leftover tiles might not be used.

33

Define

Turning leftover tiles to money is another ideal solution to deal with leftover tiles.

Furthermore, the money from leftover tiles was also considered, whether the duty of lies with the supplier to take back leftover tiles with 70-100% of the rate of the original price; or, selling in the market at a lower rate (about 50-80% of the original price).

34

2.

Insights

Share resources People are aware of the sharing of goods, as it already happens among some groups.

Inspiration needed The inspiration to re-use is an important key to drive the motivation/enthusiasm of upcycling from leftovers.

Re-selling surplus tiles The notion or reminder that the surplus materials are still valuable.

35

Themes After synthesising the data and identifying the key insights, the present research will now flesh out some specific themes and challenges to implementing the scheme further, answering the following questions:

�

What viable service could maintain the value of leftover tiles rather than disposing of them?

Who could be the main contributors in the process of this service?

Define

36

Buy-Back Scheme a tile supplier company

A buy-back scheme would be created for tile companies who have a vision for a better environment. In principle, this scheme it about the tile supplier taking up the duty of buying leftover tiles back at a price, deducting the handling fee and depreciation fee. It also could be used as a marketing point.

The buy-back scheme could also accept scrap tiles by investing on the crushing machine to crush such tiles as a hard-core that could be sold to the road construction.

The buy-back scheme would have conditions regarding acceptable quantities and style of tiles that have a potential to be redistributed. The customers who use the scheme would be limited by such a condition.

Crushing

Sell hard-core

A Tile supplier

Buy back scheme

Sell

37

Sharing platform The Tile Association, The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP)

Sharing platforms would be created as place to enable everyone. The service would work in partnership with The Tile Association and collaborate with other organisations such as WRAP and The Ellen MacArthur Foundation.

The platform would have to access to the tile market to get customers using the platform, and this could employ the advantage of the resources from the Tile Association that have many tilers and suppliers as members.

Ideally, this would be a peer-to-peer sharing platform that enables people who have leftover tiles to pass them on to someone who is willing to collect them. The exchange community could also serve as a marketplace that allows everyone to sell, buy, and exchange in one place.

The Tile Association

Sharing platform

Define

38

Buy back scheme

Pros.

Marketing promotion for the brand itself.

Profitable for tile brand from re-distribution.

Convenient for customer.

(Prevail customer service for tile brands)

Cons.

Invesment

Storage space required for sitting tile from the scheme.

Transportation cost to take tiles back.

Cannot deal with other tile brands.

Limitation for taking back due to the condition that might not support for everyone.

The high cost of investment.

Crushing machine.

Hard-core for sell

Sharing platform

Pros.

Cons.

Invesment

Trustworthy of starting point with TTA.

There’s no storage for people who lack of storage space.

Transportation cost for delivery services.

Not guarantee tiles would be sold.

Low risk of investment.

Could accept all tile brands.

Could support everyone.

Could create the revenue stream from the commission percentage.

Create community.

39

Viable Possibility Due to the limitation of resources of the buy-back scheme the current research specifically questioned the tile supplier to understand from their position if this would be a scheme worth implementing. It was discovered that there were no in-depth resources or need as their primary concern is money and profitability. The buy-back scheme requires many investments and high risks in terms of redistribution, which is not a guaranteed re-saleable process.

However, the sharing platform was deemed to be more capable of working successfully, and it requires a lower risk investment at the beginning of setting up the business – in comparison to the buy-back scheme. It also does not require storage space or distributing, reducing the cost. Even though it does not guarantee re-sale either, it can extend the service and serve as an inspiration for the community to reuse and upcycle the surplus tiles. The sharing platform has the capacity to respond to all key insights as stated. Moreover, the consumer community could create the value back to the service provider in the long run.

Define

40

Design brief

How might the project develop a sustainable strategy of leftover tiles by creating the sharing platform and encouraging the upcycling community to maintain the greater value of materials?

”

“It is now very expensive to dispose of waste.

Moreover, building materials have become far more expensive than ever”

43

Oliver A builder, 46

Oliver is a builder, the majority of his works is to renovate and redecorate the minor part of the housing in London. He’s concerned about the cost of disposal as well as the price of material in the market is higher than ever. Nowadays, he does exchange some of the leftover materials with his connections who are same size contractor for saving the cost and managing cash flow.

Interchange

Influencers

Family

Environment concern

Other builders, Connections

Financial concern

Creativity

Frustrations A fee of disposing of waste.

Busy, have no time for selling, using exchange instead.

Limitation of storage space.

Suppliers

Needs The wider community of tile exchanged.

Turn material to money.

An inspiration for reuse for other purposes, sometimes.

Define

44

”

“It is just inspiration what we need. One piece of material could be used in many ways”

45

Emma Housewife, 35

Emma is a friendly mother who has one lovely daughter. She always takes her daughter to school in the morning and picks her daughter back in the evening.

She always has a conversation with her daughter’s teacher who teaches art to her daughter. She graduates fine art. She always redecorates her house by herself. She loves to recreate something useful from wasted stuff in her home. She is interested in teaching what she expert and learning something about upcycling.

Interchange

Influencers

Family

Environment concern

Financial concern

Friends

Creativity

Frustrations

Bloggers

Needs

Limitation of equipment for recreating new stuff.

Inspiration community for giving and taking.

Small community.

Cheap material for refurbishing.

Keep many building materials and forget.

Define

46

”

“I’m considered about the environment and I’d like to do something creative from the leftover, but I don’t know how”

47

Charlotte Business woman, 40

Charlotte is a businesswoman always refurbishes her house due to she is obsessed with interior trends. However, she has an environment concern and would like to recreate something creative from her surplus materials, but she does not know how.

Interchange

Influencers

Family

Environment concern

Financial concern

Friends, Colleagues

Creativity

Designers

Frustrations Lack of inspiration to create something.

Needs Inspiration to recreate something creative.

Lack of crafts skill.

Define

48

49

Develop Desk research Workshop exploration Design space Co-design Prototype testing

50

Desk Research Sharing Platform According to Rutqvist and Lacy (2017), sharing platforms are one of the five new business models for circular growth. It is closely linked to the sharing economy, which is an economic activity involving online transactions.

Due to advances in technology facilitating sharing platforms, a disruption to the traditional way of consumption has begun. The platform boosts the fruitfulness by enabling co-access or co-ownership. It allows multiple customers to use the same resources. It connects the product owners with others individuals or organisations that would like to use such products. The sharing platform lets multiple customers use the same resources, and this consequently impacts the reduction of the demand for new manufacturing or remanufacturing. From a business point of view, embracing users together with business owners can create a new revenue stream.

51

Develop

Sharing platforms can create value through interaction. However, Young (2016) claims the sharing platforms do not necessarily create the value for itself, they could act as an enabler to lead value creation, which is created through the interaction among customers and the building of communities which could create the value back to the platform owner (service provider).

State of DIY and Creative Reuse DIY or the Do-it-Yourself approach has increased in popularity since the early 1990s, chiefly through the rise of digital and internet technology (Stonetack, 2018).

According to Johansson (2016), DIY has become famous and popularised especially among Millennials, who attentively want to play an active role in doing things on their own. The key value of the DIY trend is the experience of manipulating and crafting tangible items, the satisfaction of imagination, creation and recycling (Wolf & McQuitty, 2011). People who engage in DIY typically feel enjoyment, achievement, and intrinsic motivation (Johansson, 2016).

In the early 21st century, creative upcycling has risen in prevalence since individuals are becoming more aware of our impact on the environment. Notably, between 2010 and 2011, the amount of reported/sold upcycled goods increased by 22,100, with people claiming that upcycling is good not only for its recycling focus, but also for providing unique items for sale (Jarr, 2017).

“People want that statement or unique piece that no one else has�

- Toner, 2018

52

Workshop Exploration The research now takes a novel tack by exploring what could create greater value from the service in terms of community engagement. The service could also create value through the interactions among people within the society, rather than only trading.

After attending a workshop to obtain more information along with gaining hands-on experience, the current research identified the value in community-based projects.

The workshop was teaching people to create mosaics from tiles, run by an expert and highly experienced arts and crafts person.

The workshop was completely hands-on with help and demonstrations, it also provided the tiles and equipment. To attend the workshop all participants were asked to pay a fee of £20.

Interview “All tiles here we got from donation, leftover tiles that participants brought with them and some from bought the new” - Kes, 35, workshop runner

“I have been participating this workshop for 3 months so far, I think I worth the money to get hands-on experience and bring it home, I feel so satisfied with my things that have done by myself” “I love the atmosphere at the workshop, have a conversation while doing crafts, it’s so relaxed” - Workshop participants

From the workshop exploration, the research discovered the workshop has significant value in and of itself. It not only creates upcycled things, but also builds the community. The project saw the potential of the workshop and would like to support and promote these sorts of activities to become more well-known, and informed the current research to expand the service to become an Upcycling community where it is actively encouraged that people recreate something by attending workshops.

53

Develop

Concept Space The design criteria were created around the key insights and address the design brief which was a sharing platform for everyone as well as encouraging upcycling in the community.

The design should support the variety of needs from customers while preventing wasteful leftovers, keeping surplus in the loop of use rather than discarding.

55

Develop

int

re s. r p le fo ti ls er ne tov an lef ch m le ro tip f ul ste m a g w in g id tin ov en Pr v

Ma

ain

ing

the

va lu

eo

f le

fto v tile er s.

Keeping leftover tiles in the loop of use.

Design criteria

nce erie ice. p x re erv use the s e th gh ing throu ort

En co u

ra g

in

g

an

d cl sup in p g o co rti m ng m u un pc iti yes .

p

Sup

56

Co-design

After the concept space was set, the co-design was to gather the ideas from various perspectives from potential users, and following activities were to develop the service in a user-centred approach.

To be able to develop the service deeper, the supporting materials were created to run the co-design session. The storyboard of personas were built to explain the journey through the service. This method helps to develop the user experience in each stage of journey vividly. This method also helps the participant to imagine and get into the service. This is also presented along with the service diagram to show the big picture of the entire service.

Develop

58

1.

The first co-design session run with householders who could be potential users. The co-design explained the overall aim of the service by using the service diagram as a summary, and then explained the service through the journey of various personas.

The co-design worked well in terms of gaining ideas from the customers’ perspective as well as feedback to improve the service further.

Marketplace;

Upcycling;

“I found that It was so good to have the marketplace where I can make money from my leftover tiles rather than disposing”

“I am not a person who would love to go to the workshop because I’m quite busy. Would it be possible to have someone could recreate something creative for me at low cost”

“It could bring the inventive technology into the platform that helps me identify tile information”

“It should consider a couple of first touch-point apart from googling and access to the website”

59

Develop

2.

The second co-design session was run with architects who have experience within the industry and could give ideas around the topic that are more in-depth. (As well they understand the householders because they also are a part of that group). The second co-design session was conducted in the same format as the first. The participants enjoyed suggesting ideas, especially on the marketplace scheme that they saw the potential in developing.

Marketplace;

Upcycling;

“What if the marketplace could offer the where to buy more from the tile brands which could make the service more interesting for customers who are interested in one tile from the platform but there’s not enough in terms of quantity.

This also could be interesting for some project that aims to pursue a sustainable qualified.”

“That’s so good that have DIY inspiration to encourage people because sometimes it’s just inspiration that we need to recreate something from old stuff.”

“The craftsmanship scheme might have few customers to use it. However, it is good to try to cover all types of customers”

“The marketplace could help the tilers to estimate the lower fee as well as to build a good image for pitching jobs”

Overall; “This service could also develop into other types of materials in the future.”

Develop

62

3.

The third co-design session was conducted with a tile specialist, an expert in the industry. The materials for running the session were the service diagram, persona journeys, and a paper prototype. The participant also made useful suggestions especially in ‘marketplace’.

Marketplace; “In the marketplace, some people who would like to buy tile, they might like to see the example first”

“The price that people selling leftover tiles in the marketplace should be very low. It could be added after identifying tile”

“The warning at the top-up option should be considered that the shade of new tile and leftover tile might be different a bit sometimes”

63

Develop

Prototype and Testing The digital prototype was developed after the co-creation stage, and tested with design students and potential users to gather a variety of feedback.

“I like the overall design, just only add some features that enhance the user experience while using it�

Feedbacks

The main suggestion concerned the sequence of the platform, where the information should be provided, and what kind of information that would be presented to impress customers, for example, the review comments for DIY inspirations, workshop and craftsmanship, the history of tile (what project those tiles were used for), and a price suggestion shown at the page identifying the tile.

It could also be developed as a mobile application for convenience.

Develop

66

67

Deliver Service concept Ecosystem map Benefits User journeys Service blueprint Value proposition Business model SWOT Analysis Touchpoints

68

Service Concept

TILE UP

The service is the platform that enables the leftover tiles to be passed to the next individuals who would like to use them. The platform also offers the upcycling community to encourage people to recreate things from their leftover tiles divided into 3 sub-services which are: DIY inspiration that provides the DIY blog-post and allow DIYers to share their ideas with the community; Workshops for recreating something with the leftover tiles; and a craftsmanship section providing a portfolio of craftsmen who run a bespoke service to build things from customer’s old or surplus tiles.

69

Deliver

Offer..

Delivery

Email

Post Conversation

Provide tile info.

Check Contact

Register Pass/Sell

Donate Find/Buy

would like to donate straightaway

Provide tile info.

Register

Customers

Charities

Register

Discover

Some workshops will donate things to the charities

Marketplace

Comment / Share Make

Upcycling community

Register

DIY Inspiration

Pay

Workshop Make at workshop Review

Craftsmanship

Review

Upcycled things

Upcycled things

Contact

70

70

Ecosystem map The ecosystem map shows the interactions of users and internal interactions, as well as the exchange of values between stakeholders.

Resources Promote £

Revenue Platform Collaboration Upcycled things Delivery Leftover tiles Ideas

The Tile Association WRAP

Tile suppliers

Upcycling workshops (local organisations) £

Tilers £

£ TILE UP

Craftsmen

Upcycling community

Marketplace Carrier services

£ Charities £

Customers

Donation channel

User interaction Internal interaction

Tile suppliers Social media

Benefits The table below shows the benefits to stakeholders. The customers represent the portion of people who benefit as the service design is based on the user centred approach. Other stakeholders also receive benefits from the service, but at different points.

Upcycling community

Marketplace

Sell

Customers

Buy

Donation

DIY

Workshop

Craftsmanship

Ideas

Upcycled things

Unique things

Feel good

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

£ Materials

Money

Suppliers

£ Promotable / Money

Carrier service

£

£

Promotable / Money

Tilers

£

Money

-

-

-

-

-

-

Promotable / Money

Craftsmen

-

£

-

Promotable / Money

Upcycling workshops

-

Charities

-

-

£

-

Promotable / Money

Feel good

-

Promotable

Materials

Deliver

72

The story of

Oliver

A builder, 46

Oliver is a builder, he has a number of tiles left from the renovate project and he would like to pass to someone at the very low price.

Do you have leftover tile?

Here is the channel for get money from your tiles while contribute to a positive action to environment!

1 He buys tile from the supplier and gets the information of ‘Tile Up’ by the tile’s package and receipt. He is interested in the service and signs up.

2 After 3 weeks, he gets a notification to the possibility of selling his leftover tiles.

7 After the delivery process is done, Oliver receives the money that transferred into his bank account.

73

You have a message from Bella, Log in for checking.

3

4

He goes to the website and provides tiles’ information by upload photos and scan product’s barcode. Then he gets the suggestion of price for sale and sells it.

He gets a notification that someone interested in his tiles and would like to talk.

6 5 The carrier service collects tiles from Oliver’s house and delivers to the seller. Then the seller confirms the delivered status.

He chats with the buyer via the website messenger. He closes the deal and the buyer is willing to pay the delivery service fee that suggests by the service.

Deliver

74

The story of

Emma

Housewife, 35

Emma is a DIY refurbishment. She always renovates and recreates things by old stuff.

She plans to do a small refurbish her balcony. So she is looking to the bargain tiles online.

James replies your message!

Login for checking

1 Emma finds the ‘Tile Up’ website and discovers the bargain tiles. She finds the favourable tile and sends a message to the seller.

2 After a few hours later, the seller reply to her message via chatting channel on the website and ask for calling to ask for more information.

7 She recreates her leftover tiles as a coaster by following the instruction from a DIY blogpost on the website.

75

4 3

After she sees the sample she is happy and pays to buy the rest of that. The service informs her that her money will transfer to the seller when she gets the tiles.

Emma talks with the seller and asks for the sample that she will pay for the delivery service.

6

5

She finishes the refurbishing and has few tiles left. She remembers that on the ‘Tile Up’ website has the upcycling community, then she goes to have a look.

She gets the tile from the carrier the next day. She signs the form to confirm that she gets tile and then her money will transfer to the seller.

Deliver

76

1.

Service Blueprint PHYSICAL & DIGITAL EVIDENCES

TILE UP

Sticker & bussines card with tile products

�

SELLERS

WWW.

WWW.

Social media

Acknowledging the service information when purchasing tiles with suppliers.

Barcode & URL

Scanning tile barcode or go to the website and signing up.

Remiding notification

Getting a notification about how to do with leftover tiles.

Website

Entering the website for selling leftover tiles.

CUSTOMER ACTIONS Discovering the marketplace.

Noticing the service from advertising via social media.

Line of interaction Promoting the service via social media and suppliers.

Promoting the website to customer who purchase tiles 3 weeks ago.

FRONTSTAGE ACTIONS

Line of visibility Receiving user and tile information and keep it in achieved data.

BACKSTAGE ACTIONS

Internal interaction Collaborating with tile suppliers to attach sticker and business card with their products when selling.

SUPPORT PROCESSES

Getting the tile suppliers list from The Tile Association who is a potential key partner.

77

Deliver

g notification

otification about with leftover tiles.

he website to ho purchase s ago.

ÂŁ

TILE UP WWW.

Website

Terms & Conditions agreement

Entering the website for selling leftover tiles.

Loging in and accepting terms and conditions for selling.

Discovering the marketplace.

Confirming the tiles information that filled automatically.

Suggestion pop-up

Notifications via mobile and reply via website

Getting a suggestion of the the average price in the market and sell.

Recieving the notification if someone interested in and reply message.

Website messager

Delivery service

Online security transaction

Email | Mail

Having a conversation with buyer.

Getting delivery service information and negociate with the seller about who are willing to pay all split.

Receiving money when tiles are delivered.

Getting the suggestion to donate to the charities.

Getting delivery option at half price.

Donating leftover tiles to the charities.

Receiving thank you card by mail.

Carrier service collecting the tiles.

Sending thank you card to the customer.

Sending the invoice and newsletters to the customer via email.

Transferring the postcode of customers to get a quote from carrier service.

Carrier service sending the tiles to the buyer.

Making thank you card endorsed by TTA & WRAP

Getting a quote from the carrier service.

Confirming the delivery status.

Making thank you card endorsed by charities.

Generating the report of the market in terms of the average price of the market and the rate of selling, then use it to promote in marketing.

Security payment supporting.

TTA in collaboration with WRAP UK.

Receiving thank you card by email.

Email

Receiving the invoice and newsletters.

Incident

The information will be filled automatically.

Having no response from any buyer longer than a month.

Showing the average price in the market.

Sending the notification to the seller.

Supporting the conversation channel.

Offering the delivery service to send to the charities with 50% discount.

Informing the condition of 5% commision.

Transferring tiles information from the achieved data.

Transferring the registration form.

Protecting customers’ information.

Providing information the delivery service.

Receiving the messages from the buyer.

Confirming the demand from charities.

Checking the demand from charities whether matching with customers’ tiles or not.

Collaborating with Charities.

Protecting the privacy of conversation between customers

Collaborating with independent carrier service and getting commision.

78

2.

Service Blueprint PHYSICAL & DIGITAL EVIDENCES

TILE UP WWW.

Social media | Events

�

BUYERS

Noticing the service from advertising via social media or events.

Website

Entering the website for buying leftover tiles.

CUSTOMER ACTIONS

Terms & Conditions agreement

Registering and accepting terms and conditions to be able to messages to the seller and get more information.

Discovering the marketplace and finding the desirable tiles.

Tiler list pop-up

Getting the tiler list suggestion.

Contacting the tiller who suggested by the service.

Line of interaction Promoting service via social media and events.

Promoting the tilers who guaranteed by The Tile Association.

FRONTSTAGE ACTIONS

Line of visibility Receiving the registration form.

BACKSTAGE ACTIONS

Internal interaction Collaborating environmental organisations and join the events.

SUPPORT PROCESSES

79

Deliver

Protecting customers’ information.

Getting the tiler list from The Tile Association who is a potential key partner.

ÂŁ

Conditions agreement

ering and accepting and conditions to be messages to the and get more inforn.

Tiler list pop-up

Getting the tiler list suggestion.

Sending the message to the seller.

Notifications

Getting the notification that seller replying message.

Online chatting via website

Having a conversation with the seller.

Delivery information pop-up

Getting delivery service information and negotiate with the seller about who is willing to pay or split.

Online security payment

Paying.

Promoting the tilers who guaranteed by The Tile Association.

Sending the notification to the buyer.

Supporting the conversation channel.

Offering the delivery service.

Transferring the message to the seller.

Getting a quote from the carrier service.

The buyer acknowledging.

Getting the tiler list from The Tile Association who is a potential key partner.

Delivery service

Receiving tiles by a carrier service.

Email | Mail

Email

Receiving thank you card by email.

Receiving the invoice and newsletters.

Confirming the delivery status.

Contacting the tiller who suggested by the service.

ng the registration

ng customers’ tion.

Leave the message channel

Protecting the privacy of conversation between customers

Collaborating with independent carrier service and getting commision.

Informing the payment method.

Carrier service delivering tiles to the buyer.

Sending thank you card to the customer.

Sending the invoice and newsletters to the customer via email.

Carrier service collecting tiles from the seller.

Receiving delivery status.

Making thank you card endorsed by TTA & WRAP

Generating the report of the rate of buying, then use it to promote in marketing.

Informing the seller.

Transferring money to the seller.

Security payment supporting.

TTA in collaboration with WRAP UK.

Automatically calculate a quote by distance.

80

3.

Service Blueprint PHYSICAL & DIGITAL EVIDENCES

TILE UP

Social media | Events

�

UPCYCLING COMMUNITY

TILE UP

WWW.

Noticing the service from advertising via social media or events.

Website

Entering the website for finding inspiration.

CUSTOMER ACTIONS

Entering the website for donating.

Website contents

TILE UP

Register form Craftsmen list Donation pop-up

Finding the interesting workshop and reading the information.

Registering the workshop.

Finding the interesting DIY inspirations.

Following the instruction from the blogpost.

Interested in hiring craftsmen to recreate things.

Receiving the craftsmen list and portfolio.

Providing tiles information by taking photos of barcode and tile.

Getting the offer to donate to the charities or workshops.

Line of interaction Promoting the service via social media and events.

Providing workshop information.

FRONTSTAGE ACTIONS Providing craftsmen information.

Line of visibility

BACKSTAGE ACTIONS

Creating DIY blogposts.

Confirming the demand from charities.

Checking the demand from charities and workshops.

Receiving the registration form.

Internal interaction Collaborating environmental organisation and join the events.

SUPPORT PROCESSES

Collaborating with upcycling workshops.

Collaborating with charities and workshop runners.

81

Deliver

Protect customers’ information.

Connecting with local craftsmen.

TILE UP

Website contents

TILE UP

Register form Craftsmen list Donation pop-up

E-ticket | E-receipt

the interesting op and reading the tion.

Registering the workshop.

the interesting pirations.

Following the instruction from the blogpost.

ed in hiring craftsmen ate things.

Receiving the craftsmen list and portfolio.

Contacting craftsman.

g tiles information g photos of barcode

Getting the offer to donate to the charities or workshops.

Providing the postcode to get the delivery offer.

g the demand from and workshops.

ating with upcycling ps.

ating with charities kshop runners.

Getting the workshop agenda and the number of participants three days before the workshop.

Reminder I

Reminder II

Getting a reminder one day before the workshop.

Getting an alert along with google map link 2 hours before the workshop.

Workshop facilities

Getting support during the workshop.

Cancelling the workshop. *before 48 hours.

Sending e-ticket and e-receipt.

Providing craftsmen information.

Confirming the demand from charities.

Informing workshop runners and transferring 50% of the money.

Getting delivery offer at half price.

Sending reminder to customer via email.

Offering the delivery service to send to the charities with 50% discount.

Accepting the cancellation with full refund before 48 hrs.

Transfer the rest of money after deducting a fee to workshop runners.

Connecting with local craftsmen.

Website | Email | Mail

Reviewing the workshop on the website.

Website | Email

Receiving newsletters.

Receiving money back within 7 working days.

Donating to charities. *sometimes depending on workshop sort.

Commenting and giving stars to the blogpost.

Writing a blogpost later on. *register required.

Receiving product from the craftsman.

Reviewing the craftsman service.

Receiving the thank you card by mail.

Providing goolgle map link.

Providing equipment and support by workshop runner.

Inviting to join the future workshop and giving a discount.

Receiving newsletters.

Sending the newsletters to the customer via email.

Sending thank you card to the customer.

Sending to charities.

Producing discount voucher, work with a marketing team.

Collecting data for marketing use.

Making thank you card endorsed by charities.

Receiving the registration form.

Protect customers’ information.

Getting self-made product back.

Donating leftover tiles to the charities.

Sending the workshop agenda and workshop info via email.

Receiving a quote from the carrier service.

Upcycled things

or

Incident

g workshop infor-

g DIY blogposts.

Purchasing the workshop ticket and receiving a ticket and receipt.

Email

Collaborating with independent carrier service

Reminder setting system.

Collaborating with charities.

Automatically calculate quote by distance.

82

Value Proposition

83

Deliver

Service Leftover tile marketplace where everyone can sell, buy the leftover tiles conveniently.

Upcycling community where everyone can find inspiration for reusing, upcycling the leftover tiles in many ways.

Offer channel where people could earn money from their leftover tiles.

Save the disposal cost.

Save storage space.

Provide a multi-way of reusing and upcycling inspiration in one platform.

Pain relievers

Pain The disposal cost decreases yearly.

Have no idea how to do with leftover tiles.

Waste space.

Create a value from leftover tiles whether in terms of money or material itself.

Create a sharing economy in the marketplace.

Upcycling knowledge in hand.

Provide the multiple supporting channels.

Gain creator

Gain Save the disposal cost.

Material-exchanged community.

An inspiration for reusing, upcycling.

Customer Job(s) Sellers provide the leftover tile information and define the price.

Buyers confirm the delivery status when receiving tiles.

Customers using the platform as an inspiration channel.

84

Business model canvas

85

Deliver

Key Partners

Key Activities

Value proposition

Customer Relationship

Customer Segments

The Tile Association (TTA)

Marketplace;

Create value of leftover tiles

Trusted platform

Householders

WRAP

where everyone can sell, buy the leftover tiles conveniently.

An evirontment-friendly platform.

User-friendly platform

Do-it Yourself refurbishments

Convenient support

Tilers

Tile suppliers Independent carrier service Other environmental organisations

Upcycling Community; where everyone can find inspiration whether DIY or hands-on workshop as well as connect with local craftsmen to create leftover tiles creatively.

Key Resources

Database system Tile supplier and Tillers list from ‘TTA’

reduce the number of leftover tiles sent to landfill. encourage people to be aware of waste generation and their impact.

Sharing economy the platform where enable everyone could earn money from leftover tiles, and widen livelihood channel for craftsmen.

Support charities encourage customers to donate leftover tiles to charities.

Security payment

Channels

Online Platform website & mobile application Environmental event

Local upcycling connection

Tile suppliers

Local craftsmanship connection

Social media

Cost structure

Revenue Stream

Maintenance cost

Funding from TTA, WRAP or other environmental organisations.

Platform domain

Commission from the sold tiles

Technology development

Advertising on the website from tilers, suppliers, craftsmen, etc.

Commission from the independent carrier service.

86

SWOT Analysis

S

W

Offering the multi-channels for dealing with leftover tiles whether selling, donating, or creative reusing.

Focusing on specific materials might have only a small impact on the generation of waste from building materials.

Enhancing the local livelihood in ‘Upcycling’ for upcycling workshops and craftsmanship.

The current instantiation of the service cannot solve all tile waste, as the service focuses on leftover tiles, not scrap and already used tiles.

Strengths

Providing an online marketplace will support the user experience for selling and buying more conveniently.

Enabling everyone who has leftover tiles the possibility of earn the value back – whether as money or upcycled products.

87

Weaknesses

O

T

Most leftover tiles end up as waste because a surplus is always ordered and suppliers do not take back excess. The service can fulfil the needs of customers and offer an alternative solution to cope with leftover tiles.

Customer engagement might pose a challenge at the start of this service. Thus, significant investment would need to take place in order to promote its widespread use and to reach the customers and inform them of the service.

The service would grow as a function of the tile market size, which has been increasing yearly.

There are many online marketplaces that offer people a place to sell anything online.

This service offers only one material that can be traded.

Opportunities

There is the possibility to scale up with funding from tile brands or worldwide environmental organisations and develop better services for closing the loop of material life.

Threats

Deliver

88

Touchpoints

Sticker on tile packages to promote the website at the tile purchased stage.

Business card attached with receipt when purchasing tiles that allow customer can keep it separately.

Promoting the service as well as the activities in community on social media such as Instagram, Facebook, twitter, etc.

Thank you card for people who donate tiles to charities.

89

A digital platforms, website and application are the main channels to provide the service to customers. Within a platform, customer can access to the marketplace for exchanging, selling and buying leftover tiles. Customer also can access to the upcycling for finding the inspiration, hands-on workshops, and the contact to craftsmen for recreating unique things. Furthermore, the platform is a channel for customers to donate leftover tiles to the charities.

Deliver

90

A digital platform Flowchart

Home page

Donation

Tile detail

Marketplace

Request

Sell leftover tiles

Register form

Suggest to donate

Contact seller

Messeger

91

Register / Login

On-boarding

Profile

Log out

Provide tiles’ info.

Confirm tiles info.

Tilers suggestion

Upcycling

Notification

Delivery suggestion

Wish list

Order

W

Upcycling

DIY Inspiration

Comment

On-boarding

Workshop

Craftsmanship

Register workshop

Craftsmen contact

Payment

Cirtification of appreciation

Writing DIY blogs

Invoice

Log out

Wish list

History

Order

Deliver

92

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Home

Services

About

Contact

Register / Login

an environment-friendly community for leftover tiles

Marketplace

Upcycling

”

Let’s make those leftover tiles valuable.

1"5 MILLION TONS

13%

of tile wastage are produced yearly in the European Union alone.

What is marketplace?

Thirteen percent of waste generation in the UK is new building material and sent to landfill without being used.

Together help the environment to reduce the number of unused tiles sent to landfill and get some money from your leftover tiles.

Home page

Our marketplace is the platform where everyone can sell, buy, discover leftover tiles. Our service provides the safety payment to ensure the pleasant transaction between seller

Within the homepage, it shows the waste statistic of leftover building material to rise the awareness of the waste generation. In the following contents, it shows the information of services which are;

Recreate something creative together from your leftover tiles. Add more value for your leftover tiles rather than disposal of them.

What is Upcycling?

Marketplace

Our upcycling service will provide the DIY inspiration for recreating nice things from the leftover tiles, and also we do collaborate with

local craftsmen, skilful people to offer the alternative way of Upcyclingupcycling.

This scheme aims to support the society along with minimising waste.

Donation opportunity

DIY Inspiration

DIY workshops

Crafts anships

Sometimes, all you need is just inspiration. Make something fun from your leftover tiles by reading through our DIY blog post from creative people.

Get hands-on experiences by joining the workshops. The workshop will be held by the skilful people who expert in the tile industry. Sometimes the workshops will run to creating something for charities.

Be a part of support craftsmanship industry by hiring craftsmen to recreate things from your leftover tile. Reduce the unused tiles sent to landfill, and also enhance the local economy.

Donation

Pass your leftover tiles for the ones who need! Our service collaborates with charities where ask for the donation of building material for their projects such as build the affordable houses for low-income people.

Want to donate? You may be asked to providing your leftover tiles information to check whether your tiles are matched the demand from charities.

Check your tiles click here

© 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

93

Deliver

Home

Services

About

Contact

Register / Login

an environment-friendly community for leftover tiles

Marketplace

Upcycling

”

Let’s make those leftover tiles valuable.

1"5 MILLION TONS

13%

of tile wastage are produced yearly in the European Union alone.

What is marketplace?

Thirteen percent of waste generation in the UK is new building material and sent to landfill without being used.

Together help the environment to reduce the number of unused tiles sent to landfill and get some money from your leftover tiles.

Our marketplace is the platform where everyone can sell, buy, discover leftover tiles. Our service provides the safety payment to ensure the pleasant transaction between seller

Recreate something creative together from your leftover tiles. Add more value for your leftover tiles rather than disposal of them.

What is Upcycling?

Our upcycling service will provide the DIY inspiration for recreating nice things from the leftover tiles, and also we do collaborate with local craftsmen, skilful people to offer the alternative way of upcycling. This scheme aims to support the society along with minimising waste.

DIY Inspiration

DIY workshops

Crafts anships

Sometimes, all you need is just inspiration. Make something fun from your leftover tiles by reading through our DIY blog post from creative people.

Get hands-on experiences by joining the workshops. The workshop will be held by the skilful people who expert in the tile industry. Sometimes the workshops will run to creating something for charities.

Be a part of support craftsmanship industry by hiring craftsmen to recreate things from your leftover tile. Reduce the unused tiles sent to landfill, and also enhance the local economy.

Donation

Pass your leftover tiles for the ones who need! Our service collaborates with charities where ask for the donation of building material for their projects such as build the affordable houses for low-income people.

Want to donate? You may be asked to providing your leftover tiles information to check whether your tiles are matched the demand from charities.

Check your tiles click here

© 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

*more wedsite interfaces in Appendix

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Marketplace

Sell your leftover tiles

Search…

Sort

Filter

New poste !

Patterned s uare 140 x 140 mm.

32 tiles £80

Grey hexagon porcelain 200 x 200 mm.

50 tiles £ 0

Pink Hexagon cement 200 x 200 mm.

2 tiles

Marketplace

£ 0

Within the marketplace, it shows the variety of leftover tiles and the basic of tile information such as material, style, number and price.

White retagular ceramic 150 x 300 mm.

80 tiles Home

Services

About

Gold glitter mosaic 30 x 30 mm. wall tiles

Contact

Register / Login

£ 0

£ 0 White s uare ceramic 500 x 500 mm.

Sell your leftover tiles wall tiles

Marketplace More Search…

£ 0 Sort

New poste !

Patterned s uare 140 x 140 mm.

32 tiles £80

Grey hexagon porcelain 200 x 200 mm.

50 tiles £ 0

Pink Hexagon cement 200 x 200 mm.

2 tiles £ 0

White retagular ceramic 150 x 300 mm.

80 tiles Gold glitter mosaic 30 x 30 mm. wall tiles

£ 0

£ 0 White s uare ceramic 500 x 500 mm. wall tiles More

95

£ 0

Filter

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Services

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Pink Hexa on Tile

ÂŁ70

87

This hexagon tile has a beautiful chalky textured appearance. A perfect tile colour for all spaces and use on walls for a contemporary twist on the traditional hexagonal oor tile. These also work very well in gardens on their own or mixed with other colours to create a patchwork design.

Our service collaborate with the independent carrier services who will carry tiles as door-todoor service professionally. Get a special price CLICK HERE

Pro uct infomation

Seller infomation

Tile Calculator

Style

Haxagonal

Material

Cement

Si e (mm)

200 x 200 mm.

Finish

Matt

Thickness (mm)

8 mm.

Suita ility

Floor / wall / outdoor

Colour

Pink

Interested in this tiles,

Contact the seller

Pink Hexagon Tile

ÂŁ70

87

This hexagon tile has a beautiful chalky textured appearance. A perfect tile colour for all spaces and use on walls for a contemporary twist on the traditional hexagonal oor tile. These also work very well in gardens on their own or mixed with other colours to create a patchwork design.

Our service collaborate with the independent carrier services who will carry tiles as door-todoor service professionally. Get a special price CLICK HERE

Pro uct infomation

Seller infomation

Tile Calculator

James Son mrjames.s@gmail.com Vauxhall, London

*To protect the privacy of our customer we cannot provide the detail of address

Interested in this tiles,

Contact t e seller

Pink Hexagon Tile

ÂŁ70

87

This hexagon tile has a beautiful chalky textured appearance. A perfect tile colour for all spaces and use on walls for a contemporary twist on the traditional hexagonal oor tile. These also work very well in gardens on their own or mixed with other colours to create a patchwork design.

Our service collaborate with the independent carrier services who will carry tiles as door-todoor service professionally. Get a special price CLICK HERE

Pro uct infomation

Seller infomation

Tile Calculator

James Son mrjames.s@gmail.com Vauxhall, London

*To protect the privacy of our customer we cannot provide the detail of address

Interested in this tiles,

Contact t e seller

Within the particular tile information, it shows the tile details deeper, name and area of the seller, and also the tile calculator plus the brand suggestion for topping up the quantity.

*more website interfaces in Appendix

Deliver

96

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Upcycling

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Upcycling

DIY Inspiration

Let’s recreate somethings creative!

DIY in workshops

Craftsmanships DIY Vanity Tray On the vanity in my bedroom, I wanted to create a little space for my morning essentials. A place to hold my everyday jewelry in one place. I spotted my a leftover mable tile and thought it would be the perfect surface for my favorite items. read more‌

DIY Hexagon tile magnet With moving into a new house, I’ve been spending so much time for refurbishing the kitchen where in my faverite area. I always end up dreaming about the marble hexagon tiles ďŹ nished as the wall of the kitchen. After ďŹ nishing the refurbish while packing tiles into the box, I thought it might be time to upgrade my magnets for our fridge and storage lockers, and

Let’s recreate somethings creative! read more‌

DIY Inspiration

DIY in workshops More‌

Craftsmanships DIY Vanity Tray

Š 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

On the vanity in my bedroom, I wanted to create a little space for my morning essentials. A place to hold my everyday jewelry in one place. I spotted my a leftover mable tile and thought it would be the perfect surface for my favorite items. read more‌

DIY Hexagon tile magnet With moving into a new house, I’ve been spending so much time for refurbishing the kitchen where in my faverite area. I always end up dreaming about the marble hexagon tiles ďŹ nished as the wall of the kitchen. After ďŹ nishing the refurbish while packing tiles into the box, I thought it might be time to upgrade my magnets for our fridge and storage lockers, and read more‌

More‌

Š 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

97

Upcycling Within the upcycling, it presents the showcase of upcycled things to inspire customers. It provides three options for upcycling; DIY inspiration blogposts, upcoming upcycling workshops and the portfolio including contact information of craftsmen.

Let’s recreate somethinf creative!

DIY Inspiration

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Craftsmanships

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Tile workshop Vol.1 Join the workshop this weekend!

Create your things from your leftover tiles. The workshop run by Kes Young, the tile expert who has years of teaching experience in arts and crafts. All equipment will be provided.

Upcycling

www.heartinartworkshops.com +44 (0)79 3033 4088

Coasters workshop Make your leftover tiles more fancy and functional with DIY studio London’ at the weekend. The workshop will be completely hands-on with help and demonstration. All equipment will be provided.

www.diystudiolondon.com +44 (0)77 8066 7787

More‌

Š 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

Let’s recreate somethinf creative!

DIY Inspiration

DIY in workshops

Craftsmanships

The tile table Create the unique tile table from your leftover tile with The crafts studio’ High quality and bespoke furniture from your leftover tiles at aordable price that you will get from Robert who has more than 20 years experience in crafting furniture.

info@thecraftsstudio.com +44 (0)20 1234 5678

Matched food-t ay!

Your leftover could be recreated as the food-tray, make it matched with your wall pattern.

Create the story of in your house and your kitchen with something unique with John craft studio.

info@thecraftsstudio.com +44 (0)20 3321 7655

More‌

Š 2018 Tile Up. All Rights Reserved.

*more website interfaces in Appendix

Deliver

98

99

Scalability There exists the potential to scale up this service in the future due to the broad awareness of the environment and the use of resources. Also, improvement to the technology that subserves the ability of certain companies to reproduce tiles from fired and unfired tiles alike could support a future scenario leading to the success of a more holistic services that can incorporate recycling tiles from surplus, used, and broken stocks.

This research has developed and finalised the minimum viable possibility for starting this service pragmatically. The proposed service address to the inner circle of the circular economy (Figure 8), which is the encouragement to maintain and reuse leftover materials as well as to raise awareness of the environmental impact from individuals that could lead the future movement.

Manufacturers & Suppliers

Remanufacture / Redistribute

Service provider Reuse

A future service in the collaboration with tile suppliers and manufacturers could accept both leftover and scrap tiles to redistribute and/or remanufacture. The service could also hire the storage to collect all leftover and scrap tile from customers.

Moreover, technology development could take on a crucial role to support future versions of the service. Optimistically, there’s a good signal from a few tile brands in the USA and Netherlands that have their own manufacturers, and have tried to approach the cradle-to-cradle concept to close the loop of the tile life circle.

Finally, in terms of the service model, it could also be adapted to allow for other types of material in the future.

Maintainance

collection

User

The service could be developed further. In terms of financial backing, the advantage of focusing on a specific material is the possibility of funding from a tile brand or bigger tile network organisations. In terms of the environmental concept, a future iteration of this service could be developed to close the loop of material life. To be able to scale up to the bigger circle of remanufacturing it would need the involvement from manufacturers and suppliers together.

As the majority of wall and floor tiles are imported from Europe, a robust vision for the environment is needed, and ultimately, collaboration is required to make this a successful service.

Leakage to be minimised

Energy recover

Landfill

The circular economy Diagram.

Original source in the report Towards a Circular Economy, by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2011 `(figure 8)

100

101

Conclusion Project

Process

The above research has developed a service by employing the circular economy principle through service design methodologies. The shift to the circular economy in the construction industry created several opportunities, as individual research, scope, and a specific area were needed to conduct and carry out the service.

As a project it is crucial to implement a user-centric approach, to understand users, as well as to understand stakeholders.

It is also vital to synthesise both primary and secondary research to set the problem space and to set a direction along the way.

The research outcome named ‘Tile Up’, a sharing platform created based on the objectives that aim to retain the value of leftover tiles as well as create the greater value for the material itself. ‘Tile Up’ creates value by offering multiple channels for people who have leftover tiles to sell and creatively reuse, as well as creating a network of people who would like to get good quality tiles at an affordable price. Furthermore, ‘Tile Up’ extensively supports local upcycling activities as well as promoting the craftsmanship industry. Lastly, ‘Tile Up’ also has the potential to have a significant impact on the amount of waste going to landfill in the long term.

In terms of the limitations of this project, there has been a lack of resources at certain points along this research process, such as the relatively few numbers responding to the request for discussion in the primary research, and also the challenge faced when attempting to address the financial components concerning the buy-back scheme.

However, the shortcomings also created an advantage, as being limited to only one scheme focused the efforts of this research to create a platform-sharing scheme that worked well.

102

Agarwal, R., Chandrasekaran, S., Sridhar, M. (2016) Imagining construction’s digital future. Available at: https://www.mckinsey. com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/imagining-constructions-digital-future [accessed: 10 Jun. 2018]

Dam, R. Siang, T (2018) Stage 2 in the Design Thinking Process: Define the Problem and Interpret the Results. Available at: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/stage-2-in-the-design-thinking-process-define-the-problem-and-interpret-the-results [accessed: 10 Nov. 2018]

AMA Reserach (2018) 7% overall growth forecast in the UK floor and wall tiles market until 2021. Available at: https://www.amaresearch.co.uk/blogs/7-overall-growth-forecast-in-the-uk-floor-and-wall-tiles-marketuntil-2021 [accessed: 28 Sep. 2018]

Defra (2011) Guidance on applying the Waste Hierarchy. Available at: https:// assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/69403/pb13530-waste-hierarchy-guidance.pdf [accessed: 10 Jun. 2018]

Benov, E. (2018) How the Future of the Sharing Economy Leads to New Marketplaces.

Available at: https://deemly.co/blog/future-sharing-economy-leads-new-marketplaces/ [accessed: 25 Oct. 2018] BreMap (2011) Flooring waste. Available at: http://www.flooringwaste.co.uk/default. aspx [accessed: 25 Sep. 2018]

Department for environment, food & rural affairs (2018) UK Statistics on Waste.

Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ uploads/attachment_data/file/683051/ UK_Statisticson_Waste_statistical_notice_ Feb_2018_FINAL.pdf [accessed: 10 Jun. 2018]

Carpet Recycling UK (N/A) How Carpet Recycling UK is leading the sector on sustainability. Available at: http://www.carpetrecyclinguk.com/news112.php [accessed: 29 Oct. 2018]

Design Buildings Wiki (2018) Corporate social responsibility in construction. Available at: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/ wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility_in_ construction [accessed: 09 Jun. 2018]

Carroon, J. (2010) Sustainable Preservation : Greening Exiting Building. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.

Dezeen (2014) Furniture made from waste tiles by Tsuyoshi Hayashi. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2014/01/18/furniture-made-from-waste-tiles-by-tsuyoshihayashi/ (accessed: 10.06.2018)

Cheshire, D. (2016) Building revolutions: applying the circular economy to the built environment. Newcastle upon. RIBA Publishing.

Community RePaint (N/A) Reusing paint to colour the community. Available at: https:// communityrepaint.org.uk [accessed: 10 Jun. 2018]

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Ecommerce Guide (2018) What is ecommerce? Ecommerce explained with examples. Available at: https://ecommerceguide. com/guides/what-is-ecommerce/ [accessed: 03 Nov. 2018)] Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2013) Towards The Circular Economy. Available at: https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/publications/Ellen-MacArthur-Foundation-Towards-the-Circular-Economy-vol.1.pdf [accessed: 08 Sep. 2018]

Bibliography

Fromm, J. (2013) Generation Y Has Become Generation DIY. Available at: http://www. millennialmarketing.com/2013/12/generation-y-has-become-generation-diy/ [accessed 09 Nov. 2018]

Sharman, J. (2018) Construction waste and materials efficiency. Available at: https:// www.thenbs.com/knowledge/construction-waste-and-materials-efficiency [accessed: 20 Sep. 2018]

Gray, J. (2018) Reclaimed Material. Available at: http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ reclaimedmaterials.html [accessed: 09 Jun. 2018]

Stickdorn, Lawrence, A., Hormess, M., Schneider, J. (2018) This is service design doing. Canada. O’Reilly Media.

Habitat for Humanity (N/A) 8 things to donate when renovating. Available at: https:// www.habitat.org/stories/8-things-to-donate-when-renovating [accessed: 20 Oct. 2018] Housing People Building Communities (N/A) Donate to us. Available at: http:// hpbc.org.uk/donate-to-us/ [accessed: 20 Oct. 2018] Jarr, P. (2017) Upcycling: The history, trend and lifestyle. Available at: https://diyvinci. com/upcycling-history-trend-lifestyle/ [accessed: 11 Nov. 2018] Johassan, A. (2016) 5 Marketing Tips for Reaching the DIY Generation. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/274868 (accessed 09.11.2018) Kumar, V. (2013) 101 Design methods. New Jersey. John Wiley & Sons.

Latchem, R. (2018) Landfill increase in latest English data. Available at: https://www. mrw.co.uk/latest/landfill-increase-in-latest-english-data/10014287.article [accessed: 24 Oct. 2018] Loveskiphire (N/A) What can you put in a skip?. Available at: https://loveskiphire. co.uk/faq/what-can-you-put-in-a-skip/ [accessed: 24 Oct. 2018] McDonough, W., Braungart, M. (2013) The Upcycle. New York. Charles Melcher.

Newton, J. (2018) The Effects of Landfills on the Environment. Available at: https:// sciencing.com/effects-landfills-environment-8662463.html [accessed: 05 Sep. 2018] NIBUSINESSINFO (N/A) Recycling tiles and board from construction projects. Available at: https://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/content/recycling-tiles-and-board-construction-projects [accessed: 24 Oct. 2018] Recyclenow (N/A) Where and How to Recycle. Available at: https://www.recyclenow.com/what-to-do-with/tiles-floor-andwall-1 [accessed: 06 Aug. 2018]

Stonetack (2018) A history of Do It Yourself (DIY): infographic. Available at: https://www.mystonetack.com/en/history-do-it-yourself/ [accessed: 11 Nov. 2018] The Tile Association UK (N/A) Tiles Industry Experts. Available at: https://www.tiles. org.uk. [accessed: 25 Oct. 2018] Toner, C. (2018) Upcycling: The popularity of breathing new life into old belongings.

Available at: http://ymliverpool.com/upcycling-old-belongings/31544 [accessed: 10 Nov. 2018] Wastecycle (N/A) What Can I Put In a Skip?.

Available at: https://www.wastecycle.co.uk/ skip-hire/what-can-i-put-in-a-skip/ [accessed: 24 Oct. 2018] Webster, K. (2017) The circular economy: A wealth of flows. United Kingdom. Ellen MacArthur Foundation Publishing.

Woodford, C. (2018) Recycling - How paper, metal, wood, and glass are recycled. Available at: https://www.explainthatstuff.com/ recycling.html [accessed: 28 Oct. 2018] WP Group (N/A) Can we tackle Construction’s waste problem?. Available at: http:// www.thewp-group.co.uk/Can_we_tackle_ Constructions_waste_problem.html [accessed: 29 Oct. 2018] WRAP UK (N/A) How WRAP supports a circular economy. Available at: http:// www.wrap.org.uk/content/how-wrap-supports-circular-economy [accessed: 29 Oct. 2018] WRAP UK (2007) Reducing material wastage in construction. Available at: http://planning.allerdale.gov.uk/portal/ servlets/AttachmentShowServlet?ImageName=302361 [accessed: 27 Oct. 2018] Young, G. (2016) Platform for shared value creation. Available at: https://www.sharedvalue.org/sites/default/files/resource-files/ Platforms-for-shared-value-creation.pdf [accessed: 06 Nov. 2018]

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Appendix Selected material explanation *from p.28

Low

Carpet

Tile metric selection II

In terms of the possibility of future use based on an interview, carpet could also be classified individually demanded, like with tile. However, in terms of recycling and reproduction, carpet industry is currently doing the recycling carpet and reproduce the new carpet by the detach the yarn. Carpet also go to the process of incineration for energy recovery (Carpet Recycling UK).

Metal

Timber In terms of the possibility of future use is higher chance than tile and carpet because the size of timber is not various and it could be painted over the surface. In terms of recycling and reproducing, timber has been far developed in recycling to reproduce the new wooden products such as plywood and even MDF for eco-friendly furniture (Woodford, 2018).

Less

In terms of future use based on the interview, tile is individually demanded for each project, so it’s difficult to keep it for future use. In terms of the recycling, there’s only single route of recycling tiles is to aggregate with brick and stone and used as a hardcore of road construction. Apart from that, it will be sent to landfill as inert waste (inert waste could be sent to landfill without testing). In terms of reproducing, it is difficult that fired tiled could be reproduced as a raw material of the new tiles recently based on the interview with tile supplier in the UK. Moreover, it is about 90% of tiles are imported from Europe and that makes it is more difficult to re-manufacturing and ship back for selling again.

Tile

variety of inventive recycling

Tile

Brick Stone

High variety of inventive recycling

Carpet

possibility of future use

MORE

possibility of future use

Timber Metal

In terms of the possibility of future use is high chance because of it characteristic and it is used in the structure part. In terms of recycling and reproducing is economic viability because metal can be recycled over and over without altering its properties and it is also energy saved (ASM Metal Recycling, 2017).

Brick & Stone In terms of the possibility of future use is high chance, like with metal because they are also used inside the structure and most of projects use the same type. In terms of recycling and reproducing is same as tile.

Brick, stone, tile will be aggregated and classified as inert waste to landfill. Some might be used as a hard-core for road construction.

106

Website interface www.tileup.com

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already have an account

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email address

username / email…

password

password…

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confirm password

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Continue with facebook

Register & Log in This page shows the register options to register for new users and login for current users.

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Provide your tiles’ detail Upload a photo of barcode of your leftover tiles Browse

Upload

Photo of your leftover tile

Take it easy !

Our system will help you identify your tile, all you need to do is take photos of barcode and tile itself make sure that the quality of your photo is good that will help our system work easier) We will also calculate the average price of the market and suggest to you.

Browse

Upload

Provide tiles’ detail The customers can upload tiles’ photo and scan tiles’ barcode, the service will help customers to identify their tiles by using AI system.

107

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Con rm you tiles’ detail Style

Hexagonal Size (mm)

200 mm x 200 mm Thickness (mm)

8 mm Colour Add photos

Grey Material

Matched brand

Porcelain Finish

Matt Home

Services

Suitability

About

Contact

Register / Login

Matched brand

Wall Floor

Market price average: £100-£150

Quantity

Price for sale

50 Con rm you tiles’ detail

£120

Style

Hexagonal

Con"rm

Size (mm)

200 mm x 200 mm Thickness (mm)

8 mm Colour Add photos

Grey Material

Matched brand

Porcelain Finish

Matt Suitability

Matched brand

Wall Floor

Market price average: £100-£150

Quantity

Price for sale

50

£120

Con"rm

Confirm tiles’ information The summary of tiles’ information will show after customers provide photos and barcode. This page also shows matched brands as well as the average price in the marketplace.

108

Website interface

www.tileup.com

Home

Services

About

Contact

Register / Login

Create an account Personal detail First name

Last name

Email

Password

ConďŹ rm password show password

show password

Phone number

Address Address

Registration form City

Country

United Kingdom

New customers will be asked to fill the registration form to sign up to Postcode the website for selling, buying as well as commenting and/or writing blogpost in the upcycling channel.

Payment detail

credit/debit card xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

MM / YYYY

CVV

Same as the address

Billing infomation First name

www.tileup.com

Last name

Please read these Terms and Conditions “Terms�, “Terms and Conditions�) carefully before using the www.tiletogether.com website operated by us.

Same as the address

Your access to and use of the Service is conditioned on your acceptance of and compliance with these Terms. These Terms apply to all visitors, users and others who access or use the Service.

Address First name

Last name

By accessing or using the Service you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you disagree with any part of the terms then you may not access the Service.

Sell

City Country Address If you wish to sell your leftover tiles through the service, you may be as ed to pay % of your product price to the service for maintaining.

United Kingdom

Purchase

Postcode If you wish to purchase leftover tiles made available through the Service “Purchase�), you have to contact to the seller who City Country own those tiles for further infomation. As a service, we will support you by peovide the infomation as much as we can. We also secure the payment between purchaser and seller by our security payment method.

United Kingdom

Payment

Postcode Our security payment will provide as a intermidiary where purchaser can transfer money and the money will be held with us.

After the purchase is ďŹ nished by purchaser conďŹ rming, the money will be transfered to the seller.

I wish to receive Tile-worthy newsletter on my e-mail

I have read and understand the terms and conditions

I wish to receive Tile-worthy newsletter on my e-mail

Register

I have read and understand the terms and conditions

Register

Terms & Conditions

109

Very important especially fo selling

Home

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About

Contact

Register / Login

Create an account Personal detail First name

Last name

Email

Password

ConďŹ rm password show password

show password

Phone number

Address Address

City

Country

United Kingdom Postcode

Payment detail

credit/debit card xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx

MM / YYYY

CVV

Billing infomation Same as the address

First name

Last name

Address

City

Country

United Kingdom Postcode

I wish to receive Tile-worthy newsletter on my e-mail I have read and understand the terms and conditions

Very important especially fo selling

Register

110

Website interface

www.tileup.com

Thank you for contributing to the positive impact on our future!

TILE UP

Certi cation of Appreciation presented to

Customer name For contributing to the positive impact on the future.

The day to celebrate the people’s power to drive the change for a better environment.

In partnership with

Download the certiďŹ cate

BACK TO HOMEPAGE

Certificate of appreciation The certificate will give to customers (both side; sellers and buyers) who use the marketplace when finishing the trade.

111

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BACK

James Son Last active 0 hours ago.

JJ

Hello! I’m interested in your tiles.

I’d li e to hav an enquiries.

Type your message here

Messenger The online chatting supporting the conversation between the sellers and the buyers.

112

Major Project MA Service experience design and innovation 2017/18

ual:

london college of communication