JAKARTA OVERVIEW In this circle.... 20 Megacities (cities with population over 8 million) 1.Karachi 2.Delhi 3.Mumbai 4.Bangalore 5.Chennai 6.Kolkatta 7.Dhaka 8.Bangkok 9.Chongquing 10.Shenzhen 11.Guangzhan 12.Wuhan 13.Beijing 14.Tianjin 15.Shanghai 16.Seoul 17.Osaka-Kobe 18.Tokyo 19.Manila 20.Jakarta
More than 50% of the world population lives within this circle.
ak
pe
27,348
14 are sitting on river deltas
p/km (2013) 2
18 have experienced flooding in the past decade
Source:Reddit User valieriepieris
sity
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121,312 p/km (2013) 2
= 1000 People
277,129,000 people live in these megacities
POPULATION
BLDG FOOTPRINT
92.3%
611.19 km (2013) 2
GREEN FOOTPRINT
9.9%
65.6 km2(2013)
BLUE FOOTPRINT
TWITTER FEEDS ON FLOODS
2.5%
16.5 km
2
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAM, TEN, WINNY
JAKARTA HYDROLOGY - THE WATER STORY REGIONAL SCALE
ISLAND WIDE SCALE
WATER MEMORIES
SOCIO - TECHNOLOGICAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
GROUND WATER BASINS WEST-JAVA
1918 west canal flood construction
MANADO, SULAWESI
1973 west and east drain
2661mm/year
2125mm/year
PONTIANAK
2003 east canal flood construction
3181mm/year
Batavia 1618-1650
water management and works
MEDAN, SUMATRA
Van Breen 1649
1955
1649
1980
JAKARTA 1755mm/year
urbanization
INFILTRATION : 50 % - 70 % SURFACE RUNOFF : 30 % - 50 % 1441mm/year
1700
1600 dutch colonialism
0 100
1800
1900
2000
1945 independence
BOGOR
JAVA SEA
MM / YEAR
decades + power flood flood regimes intensity history
1600
KUPANG, TIMOR
250 500 750 1250 2500
Jakarta city located on a 5000 year old delta built on alluvial soil.
INFILTRATION : 5 % - 27 %
INFILTRATION : 50 % - 70 %
SURFACE RUNOFF : 73 % - 95 %
SURFACE RUNOFF : 30 % - 50 %
Water is both an essential material component and concept-dependant object at the same time.
FLOODING RAPID URBANISATION
BOGOR
BOGOR
JAVA SEA LEVEL RISE
JAVA SEA
Today, urban populations become specialized in their professions while water is bottled through mass production, discinnected from black water flowing along the nearby waterways
NORTH
SOUTH
WATER FOOTPRINT WATER FOOTPRINT
FLOOD MAP
LAND ELEVATION & CONFINED ACQUIFER
LAND SUBSIDENCE
JAVA SEA
INFILTRATION : 5 % - 27 %
-4.1 m
SURFACE RUNOFF : 73 % - 95 %
FLOODING
Muara Karang WTP
RAPID URBANISATION
BOGOR
-1.4 m
-2.1 mJAVA SEA LEVEL RISE
Taman Kota WTP
-0.7 m
Flooded parts in 2013
TANGGERANG
DC R4
Slum area
Pejompongan WTp
SOUTH footprint
Pulogadung WTP
NORTH
40% of Urban area vulnerable to flood
<0m Tar u
m
Cilandak WTP
Sarpong WTP
water treatment plant
5 - 10m
can
al
DC R5
max rate of subsidence 26cm/yr due to ground water extraction
BEKASI
CA CIPINANG-SUNTER RIVER
lakes-public water bodies
We st Buaran WTP
CA KRAKUT RIVER
CA ANGKE RIVER
flood canal/ polder rivers/streams
35 - 40m >40m
scale 1:150000
Cisadane river
confined acquifer system
scale 1:150000
N
Sunter river
Ciliwung river
25 - 30m
max rate of subsidence 26cm/yr due to pressure from extensive development
Cikarung river
DEPOK
15 - 20m
-0.25 m
N
0 km
2 km
0 km
10 km
CONSUMPTION
SOURCES
Bekasi river
2 km
DISTRIBUTION
10 km
WASTE WATER
scale 1:150000 N
0 km
2 km
10 km
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
CA CILIWUNG RIVER
Cibeet river
Citarum river
JAVA SEA Jathiluhur dam
Water Treatment Plant Weir Canal lakes-water bodies-private lakes-public
scale 1:150000 N
0 km
BOGOR
2 km
10 km
NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE
SITE 1 HYDROLOGY & BIO DIVERSITY
SITE 2 SOCIO-HYDROLOGY
Site 1
scale 1:5000
scale 1:5000
Street along the river
Flood plains
scale 1:10000
river
ciliwung river 20m-23m wide
Smaller Streams 8-10m wide
canals 4m-5m wide
Banjir canal/polder 20m wide
streams canals flood canal\ polder
Banjir canal
Road
Kampung houses
slums built on flood plains
slums built on flood plains
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAM, TEN, WINNY
JAKARTA BIODIVERSITY REGIONAL SCALE
ISLAND WIDE SCALE
WESTERN JAVA ISLAND WIDE SCALE KAMBUS NATIONAL PARK 300 km PRAMUK ISLAND (TURTLE) 200 km
BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN NATIONAL PARK 700 km
PULAU RAMBUT ISLAND 120 km
JAKARTA
UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK 200 km
MUARA ANGKE MANGROVE CONSERVATION AREA
80,000
MAJOR SPECIES: -ASIAN PIED FANTAIL -PERENJAK JAVA -JAVAN COUCAL
BATAVIA (DUTCH) 1930 AD
Green Cover in Hectare
50,000
36,000
JAKARTA 1960 AD
2004
6,610 0
2
POCKET-2
20,000 JAKARTA 1976 AD 16,525 JKT 1989 AD 11,898
20,000
0
.5
1
2.5
4.5
Western Java Rainforest
Western Java Montane Rainforest
Eastern Java-Bali Rainforest
Eastern JavaBali Montane Rainforest
Sunda Shelf / Java Sea (Marine)
Mammal biodiversity
101 spp.
64 spp.
103 spp.
100 spp.
6 turtle spp. >3900 reef fish spp.
POCKET-3
Avifuana biodiversity
>350 bird spp.
>230 bird spp.
<350 bird spp.
>215 bird spp.
>374 sea bird spp.
UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN INDONESIA
Flora biodiversity
>3800 plant spp.
Habitat types
Tropical wet evergreen forest Freshwater swamp Mangrove Cleared land
1
JAKARTA 1950 AD
40,000
Ecoregion Type
NORTH-WEST
INDIANIZED KINGDOM 397 AD
60,000
60,000
BOGOR PARK 50 km
POCKET-1
Green Cover and Population
66,100
GUNUNG HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK 180 km
6
Population in Million
9
13
SOUTH-EAST
3
MONUMEN NASIONAL AREA, CENTRAL JAKARTA MAJOR SPECIES: -JAVAN COUCAL -PERENJAK JAVA
MAJOR SPECIES: -PERENJAK JAVA
Moderate in overall richness Tropical montane evergreen forest Tropical wet evergreen forest Cleared land
POCKET-4
4
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Semievergreen rainforest Limestone forest Cleared land
-
Coral reef Tropical wet evergreen forest Mangrove Tropical montane evergreen forest Semi-evergreen rainforest Cleared land Bare land
-‐ Fragmenta*on of natural habitats -‐ High endemism of flora & fauna
SOUTH MAJOR SPECIES: -PERENJAK JAVA
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAMKUMAR, TEN, WINNY
JAKARTA FOOD & NUTRIENTS 6.5
8.2
8.5
9.6
INORGANIC WASTE
BUILT
ORGANIC WASTE
RIVER
TREATED
SEPTIC TANK TO CLOSED
1980 1990 2000 2010 POPULATION (MILLION PEOPLE)
LANDFILL
LAND USE
WASTE PRODUCTION
MAPPING
TREATED
BIOCAPACITY X 1000
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
SEPTIC TANK TO OPEN
BLUE COVER GREEN COV-
RIVER DUMP
WASTE MANAGEMENT
SEWAGE MANAGEMENT
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT VS BIOCAPACITY (2015)
FOOD DISTRIBUTION CHAIN - ISLAND SCALE
FOOD DISTRIBUTION CHAIN - REGIONAL SCALE
MARKETS & WASTE TREATMENTS
MARKETS VS RESIDENTIAL AREA
FOOD & WASTE DIAGRAM
SEPTIC TANK
IPLT
POSITIVE MOVEMENT IN WASTE MANAGEMENT
POSITIVE MOVEMENT - URBAN FARMING VACANT LAND OWNED BY DEVELOPER :
OPERATIONAL SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY WASTE MANAGEMENT
A. SPRINGHILL, 1000 M2 PLANNED AS 5 STAR-HOTEL
LOCATION : RAWAJATI PANCORAN DISTRICT SOUTH JAKARTA (ALONG CILIWUNG RIVER)
B. CASA GOYA, 1000 M2 PLANNED AS APARTMENT COLLABORATION:
TYPE : 1 NEIGHBOURHOOD CLUSTER OF 10 NEIGHBOURHOOD UNITS WITH 686 HOUSEHOLD
C. CIPUTRA OFFICE ROOFTOP GARDENING D. CONOCO PHILLIPS GARDENING @ OFFICE
WASTE : 2.67 KG/HOUSEHOLD
E. RUMAH DINAS KOTA BEKASI 100 M2
TIMELINE : 2004 - STARTED PROCESSING ORGANIC WASTE TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER
F. WASTE4CHANGE OFFICE 150 M2 G. INDONESIA UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S FARMING CLUB COMMUNITY : I. BUMI PESANGGRAHAN MAS GARDENING COMMUNITY & COMPOSTING
LANDFILL
URBAN FARMING CONTRIBUTION OF FOOD PRODUCTION
HOUSEHOLD WASTE TYPE
J. BANTEN , 3000 M2 SUPPLY 2.5 TONS/MONTH SPINACH TO HOLYCOW RESTAURANT USING MANURE PRODUCED FROM NEARBY FARM AS NATURAL FERTILIZER
INORGANIC WASTE
NUTRIENTS LOOP DUE TO COMPOSTING ACTIVITY
TREATED PRODUCTS
WASTE RESIDUES
2006 - SELLING THE SAME AND SAVED FUNDS FOR PUBLIC SERVICES OF COMMUNITY EMPLOYMENT : 70 PERSON/DAY
ORGANIC WASTE
PRODUCTIVE LAND :
WASTE TREATMENT
HAZARDOUS & CHEMICAL WASTE
HOME & COMMUNAL COMPOSTING
FOR USE & EXPORT
LANDFILL RECYCLING
COLLECTION BIN
RECYCLED PRODUCTS CLEANSING DEPARTMENT
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAM, TEN, WINNY
- Construction Material JAKARTA CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL REGIONAL SCALE
PROVINCE SCALE
Construction Material Distribution
56% J A V A
23% SUMATERA
10%
KALIMANTAN
8%
2%
SULAWESI
PAPUA
1%
ISLANDS
SANKEY DIAGRAM
RAW MATERIAL EXCAVATION
PRODUCTION
MATERIAL COMBINATION
GOVERNMENT CONTRIBUTION
INSTALLMENT
WASTE SORTING
WASTE LAND DISTRIBUTION FILL
DEMOLITION WASTE DISTRIBUTION Sub-Collectors
Demo Contractor
Temporary Site
Main-Collectors
Smelter
ReProduce
Scavengers ReUse Debris Distributor
Resell
Waste / Landfill Slum development Demolition
BUKIT DURI - CILIWUNG RIVER
IPA PULOGADUNG from KALI SUNTER 1,6 4000 150 lt/scnd
brown water
lt/scnd
RWT
tn/hr
dry sludge
IPA BUARAN from KALI MALANG 4000 150 1,6 lt/scnd
brown water
lt/scnd
RWT
72
tn/day
dry sludge
tn/hr
dry sludge
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAM, TEN, WINNY
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FOUR CATEGORIES Section of Ciliwung river
Land subsidence schematic section flooding in the city
HYDROLOGY
Land Subsidence
slums built on flood plains
slums built on flood plains
Rivers getting capped with concrete
100
dumping of waste in the river
Water Quality Index
80
Flooding
60
More than 40% of the city area is prone to flooding
40 20
Almost 95% of the surface water is contaminated in Jakarta
1
1993 2005
47.59
2
3
4
82
66.5
70.5
49.54Water 49.43Quality 46.8
5 91 41.81 Index
Testing stations COMPARISON OF WATER QUALITY INDEX
5
slum encroachment in ciliwung river 100 80
Water Quality Index
0
Water contamination
60 40 20
4
3
1.Kampung melayu 2.Manggarai 3.Guntur 4.Karet Tengsin 5.Teluk Gong
2
0
1
1993 2005
47.59
2
3
4
5
82
66.5
70.5
91
49.54
49.43
46.8
41.81
rivers for everyday usage
Testing stations COMPARISON OF WATER QUALITY INDEX
1
1.Kampung melayu 2.Manggarai 3.Guntur 4.Karet Tengsin 5.Teluk Gong
BIO DIVERSITY Land excavation in Bogor increases the surface run off and increases the flood in the city
Section on Muara Angke
Muara Angke
FOOD & NUTRIENTS TANJUNG PRIOK
Bantar Gebang Insufficient space for landfill
Section of Tanjung Priok Section of Tanjung Priok
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
TANJUNG PRIOK
Section of slum area
Excavation for construction materials such as limestone and granite.
TEAM: ADELIA, ABHIMANYU, AAKANKSHA, FARAH, XIN BIN, RAM, TEN, WINNY