Shawlands Urban Ecosystem Aanchal Agrawal Urban Landscape Design MSc Urban Design 13th April ‘20
Location Map
Pollokshaws, Shawlands is a predominately residential area in the south of Glasgow. The selected area is part of the urban design project. White Cart river flows through the area. Pollok Country park is located on the west side of the site seperated by railway line. The area is well connected through railway line from the city centre. The study area offers a range of challeneges and opportunities to overcome the issues.
Fig 1: City Map
Fig 2: Location Map 1
Existing Conditions Existing Built Up
The major built up in the area is retail with fragments of residentials with two listed buildings. Most of the area is open and has derelict land. It was an industrial area that has undergone major changes in its urban fabric that has led to the present state.
Fig 3: Existing Buildings
Existing Topography
Fig 4: Topography Map
The study area has low contours. The contours are along the river and as we spread out the contour height gradually increases.
Flood Map
Fig 5: Flood Map
As seen in the topogarphy map, the contour increases when moving out of the site. As the study area is under low lying contours the water runoffs to the river, but due to the condition of river the drainage is not possible and thus causes the issues of flooding. 2
Historical Maps and Existing Site Images
1860
1890
1920
1950
Fig 6: Historical Map
The maps above shows the developement and changes that took place on the site. The area was a part of industrial revolution and the White Cart river served these industry with the water they required to power the industry or mill. Inhabitants were employed in these industries and mills.Over time these industries were replaced with warehouses and now they are retail stores. The rest of the area underwent residential development post war2012 housing crisis, which developed over time into large tower blocks. These were demoilished in 2016 and since then the area is vacant.
1. The White Cart river overlooking the existing open field.
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2 3 2. The retail park with car parking in front, serving the people of Shawlands as well as nearby areas.
5. Derelict land since 2015, tower blocks existed which were demolished.
4. The Weir which was used for industrial power mills.
3. Closed and not in use shops on the site
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Social-Economic Character Polloksahws area has a populations of approx. 4376 people, with 2583 total number of dwellings as per Scottish Government. The residents are a mixture of middle class and working class social group. At present the density of the selected area is low. Major built up falls under the special areas, i.e, retial and churches.
Fig 7: Density Map
Fig 8: Churches
The area has good community services of churches but lacks in community gathering spaces. The retail park has the potential to attract customers but lacks in providing facilities and services, and many of them are closed or to let. There is only one cafe in the area. There is a lack of public spaces and parks in the area.
Fig 9: Community Services, School
The employment income level is low. Residents are mainly working outside the area or in the city.
Fig 10: Retial, Commercial and Sevices
Fig 11: Restaurants and Cafes 4
Pre Existing Urban Cycle Water • • • •
In the 17th century, the settlement of industries and mills started due to the presence of river. The White Cart river served many purposed in that time, from powering the industries and mills to disposal of waste and also for household uses. This continuous waste discarding in the river over a long period led to the contanimation of the river water giving rise to unhealty situations in the 1800’s. Other source of water became the wells. Seeing the situations, in 1850’s the council joined with the main water supplier at that time, the Gorbals Gravitation Water company, which supplied the area water from the reservoirs through pipelines.
Waste
food from farming, along with food from market
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water from river for household waste water
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water used for agricutlure
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water used to power mills
• waste water
As mentioned the White Cart river was used for disposal of waste water which led to the contanimantion of the river water. the Cart became an open sewer which had an impact on the inhabitants of the area. Later in 1910 after the water crisis was solved, the sewage system also improved where the sewage pipe line where laid out connected to the main Glasgow sewage system. Along with this the household waste was collected manually.
Fig 12: Flow for Pre-existing life support
Food •
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the
market.
Energy • •
Most of the electricity generated was from the water or coal that was in abundance in the area. Gas supply was introduced later in the 1800’s, through pipeline laid out till the houses. PK
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Fig 13: Pre-existing Urban Cycle
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Existing Urban Cycle • • •
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There have been improvements and changes in the way urban cycle works in the existing areas. One of the major improvement was the White Cart Flood Prevention Scheme in 2006, a defense wall was constructed as a defense against the flooding in the area. Also , the initiation for environmental protection the council and the associated stakeholders are coping up with changes in water and waste management, but this is still highly dependent on resource inputs and produces enormous amount of waste in different forms having an impact on the environment. In this system the rainwater is still treated as waste, either drained in the river or directly into the sewage system for treatment with other sewage. Household waste is collected and sorted for recycling for resue, but a considerable amount is still being discarded in the landfills. These methods is still a burden on the environment.
River Stream Watershed Roads (non living) Living Surface Derelict Land Non-living Surface Built Up Existing Defense Wall Fig 14: Map summerizing the existing physical conditions
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Existing Urban Cycle Left over Space
Area : 164671.47 m2 Density : 38 units per ha
21%
24%
Building Footprint
Plots/Courtyards
8%
27%
Derelict Land
20%
Roads and Parking PK
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Fig 15: Diagram for existing urban cycle
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Fig 16: Existing pattern for the urban cycle in UK for 2 person household. See appendix for calculations. 7
Proposed Design Proposed Design- Physical Conditions The proposed design mainly focuses on increasing the density in the area and bring in more activity to increase the character. Certain number of existings buildings have been retained and development takes pace around it. The intention to retain them is as they are either of historical value or in good conditions. The derelict land has been developed with residential. The retail park area has been proposed to bring in more people with development of commerical on ground and residential in above floors. The area along the river has been kept open with either public spaces or parking spaces.
Fig 17: Proposed Design
Living - Non living Surfaces
Buildings
Single Family Isolated
Multifamily Aggregated
Single Family Aggregated Multifamily Aggregated
Fig 18: Map for summerizing living-non living surfaces
Single Family Aggregated
Fig 19: Generel form of buildings proposed showing the entrances. 8
Mobility
Fig 20: Map of proposed street layout
Fig 21: Map of proposed public network
Ecological Framework
Fig 22: Diagram for ecological framework proposed 9
Typical Street Section from selected site Distribution
Use
Storage Solar Energy Flushing/Baths/ Washing
Energy Efficient LED Lights
Potable Water
Rain water
Surface Runoff
Permeable parking
SUDS Exc
ess
Wa te
r
Grey water Collection Tank with Pump Non polluted surface runoff
Sewer System
Treated Water Treated Water Landscape/ Vegetable Gardens
Polluted surface runoff
Street Cleaning
Fig 24: Section showing the flow for the urban cycle for the proposed site, Living Building Challenge
Park 5% 23%
Fig 23: Section for proposed streets
Area : 164671.47 m2 Density : 71 units per ha
Building Footprint
43%
29%
Plots/Courtyard
Roads and Parking
Fig 25: Existing pattern for the urban cycle in UK for 2 person household. See appendix for calculations. 10
Proposed Design Permeable paving for the street parking will catch the surface runoff water for further use after treatment.
SUDs all along the streets will help with surface runoff, that could be treated and reused. 1 Zenith of Strasbourg Parking Lot
2 Riverside Lunen, Germany
3 Amphitheatre with bioretention pond, Virginia
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4 Plaza at street corner, Bethesda Central Park,MD
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5 Indian Creek Nature Centre, IA, Living Building Challenge
Living Building Challenge: Petals 1. Place: The site prior to the proposed development was mostly derelict, which has undergone many historical changes. It was an industrial area that got transformed to tower blocks and now exists retail and commercial blocks. The river flowing through the area has also been utilised in many ways altering the quality of water. The proposed design has the intentions of development in a way that will increase the density of the area, bringing in more public and thus having green public spaces and landscape that will have a positive impact on the ecosystem. 2. Water: To reach this goal, the project focuses on collecting the surface water runoff for the domestic use and commerical use. Not only this but also the treated water could be used for domestic daily activties and also in backyard vegetable gardens. Since the watershed occurs towards the river, retention of this water could will be helpful in landscaping. This will help in recharging the ground water and and improve the quality of water of the river. The development will operate within the onsite water giving a balance between the place and climate. 3. Energy: To reach this goal, the design proposed focuses on lowering the energy consumption in the area. Making the most use of sunlight recieved, using solar energy for domestic purposes to suffice the electricity needs. Along with the domestic needs the neighbourhood needs to be sufficed like lighting the streets and public spaces. Also, for instance, the energy that is generated from landfill sites could be used in manufacturing products and materials from recyclable waste. No extra energy would be required to generate for this production. This is help a net positive energy. 4. Health and Happiness: The proposed deisgn not only focuses on developments related to buildings but also to create engaging public spaces and environments. This will optimise the health and well being of the residents of the area.
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Appendix
Source: Food, Consumer Market Outlook, Statista, 2018
Source: Waste Water Produced in Home. WTE, 2018
Percentage of Area Distribution For Existing Site Area of Site: 164671.47 m2 Built Up: 33990.83 m2 Plots (Living Surface): 12437.77 m2 Derelict Land (Living Surface): 32818.88 m2 Roads & Parking (Non Living Surface): 45934.61 m2 Remaining (Living Surface): 39489.38 m2 Percentage of Area Distribution For Proposed Site Area of Site: 164671.47 m2 Built Up: 38031.09 m2 Plots (Living Surface): 47070.77 m2 Roads & Parking (Non Living Surface): 70624.33 m2 (including SUDS) Park (Living Surface): 8945.28 m2
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Volume of Rainwater Runoff from Existing Site Total annual rainfall = 1079mm Rainfall in L = 1079 L Total site area = 164671.47 m2 Total vol. of rainfall for that area annually =164671.47 x 1079 = 177,680,516 L Total Living surface = 84746.03 m2 Total non living surface = 79925.44 m2 Rainfall on living surface = 84746.03 x 1079 = 91,440,966.4 L Water runoff (30%) = 27,432,289.9 L (presuming 70% gets infiltrated) Rainfall on non living surface = 79925.44 x 1079 = 86,239,549.8 L Water runoff (95%) = 81,927,572.3 L (presuming 5% gets infiltrated) Total runoff from site annually = 109,359,862 L Volume of Rainwater Runoff from a Proposed 2 Person Household (100m2) from Site Total annual rainfall = 1079mm Rainfall in L = 1079 L Assuming Plot area = 520 m2 Total vol. of rainfall for that area annually=164671.47 x 1079 = 177,680,516 L Total Living surface = 420 m2 Total non living surface = 100 m2 Rainfall on living surface = 420 x 1079 = 453,180 L Water runoff (30%) = 135,954 L (presuming 70% gets infiltrated) Rainfall on non living surface = 100 x 1079 = 107,900 L Water runoff (95%) = 32,370 L (presuming 5% gets infiltrated) Total runoff from site annually = 168,324 L Water Required for Vegetable Garden after Treating Rainwater for 1 Household Water required by vegetable garden per week= 1 inch = 25.4 mm = 25.4 L Water required annually = 1320.8 L Area of 1 vegetable gardens = 40 m2 Total Vol. of water required annually = 40 x 1320.8 = 52,832 L Water required by 2 person household annually = 108,000 L Vol. of rainwater remaining = 168,324 - 160,832 = 7,492 L (which can be used for other purposes or drained into the river flowing through the site) 14
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Green Infrastructure. (nd). Watershed Council. [online] Available at: https://www.watershedcouncil.org/green-infrastructure.html [Accessed: April 2020] The 6 most cost-effective vegetables to grow in your garden. (2019). Country Living. [online] Available at: https://www.countryliving.com/uk/homes-interiors/gardens/a20120884/most-cost-effective-vegetablesgrow-home-garden/ [Accessed: April 2020]
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