w HThe AGood T Letter S
w HThe AGood T Letter S Aas hr i t aI ndur t i
F as hi onCommuni c at i on Semes t erI I I
I nt r oduc t i on
What sTheGoodL et t eri sabooki nt hef or m ofav i s ualgl os s ar y bas edont hec onc ept sandt heor i esofGr aphi cDes i gn.I tt al k sof v ar i oust er mi nol ogi esas s oc i at edwi t ht hef oundat i onofGr aphi c Des i gn. Thev i s ual shav ebeens punar oundt het heme ‘ r ef l ec t i ons ’and der i v ei ns pi r at i onf r om t her ef l ec t i onofobj ec t sar oundus . x t ur eoft er mi nol ogi es ,v i s ual s ,gr aphi c sand c onc ept s ,t he A mi bookat t empt st ogi v eani ns i ghti nt ot hebas i c sofGr aphi cDes i gn.
Ac k nowl edgement s
Mysi ncer et hankst oMrSanj eevCM f orbei ngaconst ant sour ceofmot i vat i onandsuppor t . Iwoul dal sol i ket ot hankal l t hosepeopl ewhohel ped, mot i vat edandi nspi r edmei nmyendeavour .
Tabl eofCont ent s L et t er f or ms
A
1
B
7
Al i gnmentofTex t Ambi gr ams Ar m As c ender s As c entL i ne
2 3 4 5 6
Bal anc e Bas eL i ne Bas i cVi s ualL anguage Bl ac k l et t er s Boundi ngBox Bowl
8 9 10 11 12 13
C
14
CapHei ght CapL i ne Cl os ur e Cont i nui t y Count er
15 16 17 18 19
Tabl eofCont ent s D
20
E
23
F
26
G
30
H
32
I
34
J
37
K
38
Des c ender s Des c entL i ne
Ear Ex pr es s i v eTy pogr aphy
F i gur eandGr ound F or m F ont
Ges t al t sTheor y
Hy phenat i on
I nf ogr aphi c s I l l us t r at i v eTy pogr aphy
Ker ni ng
21 22
24 25
27 28 29
31
33
35 36
39
Tabl eofCont ent s L
40
M
46
N
50
O
53
P
54
Q
59
L eadi ng L i gat ur e L i ne L oop L or em l ps um
M Si z e M Spac e MeanL i ne
NSi z e Nar r at i v eTy pogr aphy
Pi c a Poi nt Pl ane Pr ox i mi t y
41 42 43 44 45
47 48 49
51 52
55 56 57 58
Tabl eofCont ent s R
60
S
63
T
72
U
78
V
79
W
80
Rebus Rhy t hm
SanSer i f Ser i f Si mi l ar i t y Shoul der Spi ne Spur St em St r es s
Tai l Ter mi nal Tr ac k i ng Ty pef ac e Ty pogr aphy
61 62
64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
73 74 75 76 77
Tabl eofCont ent s X
81
Y
83
Z
84
XHei ght
82
Al i gnmentofText
AMBI GRAM
AscentLi ne Ascenders
1
Ar m
RI GHTALI GNTEXT
LEFTALI GNTEXT Tex tal i gnedpar al l el t ot hel ef tmar gi n.
Tex tal i gnedpar al l el t ot her i ghtmar gi n.
CENTRETEXT Cent er edt ex ti s pl acedi nt hecent erof eachl i ne.
ALI GNMENTOFTEXT JUSTI FYLAST CENTERED
CENTER TEXT When a bl ockoft ex ti s j us t i f i ed,eachl i nef i l l st he ent i r es pacef r om l ef tt o r i ght , ex cept f or t he par agr aphi ndentandt he l as tl i neofapar agr aph.
JUSTI FY LEFT
Thebl ockoft ex ti sj us t i f i ed wi t ht hel as tl i nepl acedi n t hecent er .
LAST
JUSTI FY
The bl ock of t ex ti s j us t i f i edwi t ht hel as tl i ne i ncl i nedt owar dst hel ef t .
LAST RI GHT
The bl ock of t ex t i s j us t i f i ed wi t ht he l as tl i ne i ncl i nedt owar dst her i ght .
2
Ana mbi g r a mi sawor d, a r tf or m orot he rs y mbol i c r e pr e s e nt a t i on, whos e e l e me nt sr e t a i nme a ni ng whe nv i e we dor i nt e r pr e t e df r om a di f f e r e nt di r e c t i on, pe r s pe c t i v e , or or i e nt a t i on.
AMBI GRAM 3
Ar m per p u he r ke o st i t m er s ne Ar ow on o n l r o eo hed f e c r a t at and d. n e d en t her o he t
4
V
As c e nde r s Ascender sar eseenabovet hemeanl i ne. I ti st hat whi chext endsabovet hexhei ght .
5
h
T
LI NE
E C
N
As c entl i ne l i es abov e t hec apl i ne.
AS AscentLi ne
6
t
Bowl
Bl ac kl et t er s
Bas i cVi s ualLanguage Boundi ngbox Bal anc e 7
Bas el i ne
Bal ancei st heequaldi st ri but i onof vi sualwei ghti n a desi gn.Vi sual bal ance occurs around a vert i cal axi s,our eyes requi re t he vi sual wei ghtt obeequalont het wosi des oft heaxi s.
A
BAL
NCE
8
BASE LI NE I nt ypo g r a phy,t heba s e l i nei st hei ma g i na r yl i neupo nwhi c h al i neo ft e xtr e s t s . 9
,
.
Bl a c k Le t t e r TheBl ac kl ee rt ype f ac e( al s os ome t i me sr e f e r r e dt oasGot hi c , Fr akt ur orOl dEngl i s h)wasus e di nt heGut e nbur gBi bl e , oneoft heďŹ r s tbooks pr i nt e di nEur ope .Thi ss t yl eoft ype f ac ei sr e c ogni zabl ebyi t s dr amat i ct hi nand t hi c ks t r oke s ,and i ns omef ont s ,t hee l abor at e s wi r l sont hes e r i f s .Bl ac kl ee rt ype f ac e sar ebas e done ar l y manus c r i ptl ee r i ng.
1 1
A
Boundi ngBox Boundi n Box Boundi ng
Boundi ngBoxBoundi ngBoxBoundi ng Box
Boundi ngboxi san i nvi si bl eboxt hat sur r oundsdi gi t alt ype char act er . 1 2
oundi ngBoxBoundi ngBoxBoundi ngBox
Boundi ngBoxBoundi ngBoxBoundi ngBoxB
Thecur ved par toft hechar act ert hatencl oses t heci r cul arorcur ved par t s(count er )ofsome l et t er ssuch asd,b,o,D,and B i st hebowl .
1 3
Co n t i n u i t y
Cl os ur e
Ca pL i ne
CapHei ght 1 4
Count e r
Cap H E I G H T
c ap hei ght r ef er s t o t he
hei ght of a c api t al l et t er
abov e par t i c ul ar t he t y pef ac e. bas el i ne f or a
1 5
Capl i ne
O Al i nemar k i ngt he hei ghtofupperc as e l et t er swi t hi n af ont .
Capl i ne
1 6
C OL
S UR
E
C l o s u r eo c c u r s wh e na no b j e c t i s i n c o mp l e t eo r as p a c ei s n o t c o mp l e t e l y e n c l o s e d . I f e n o u g ho f t h es h a p ei s i n d i c a t e d , p e o p l ep e r c e i v et h ewh o l eb yf i l l i n g i nt h emi s s i n gi n f o ma t i o n . I t i s o n eo f t h e p r i n c i p l e s o f Ge s t a l t . 1 7
C O n t
i n u i y t Oneoft het heor i esof Ges t al t ’ spr i nc i pl e,i t s t at est hatc ont i nuat i on oc c ur swhent heeyei s c ompel l edt omove t hr oughoneobj ec tand c ont i nuest oanot her .
1 8
O C
Thepar t i al l y orc ompl e t e l y e nc l os e dc i r c ul ar orc ur ve dne gat i ve s pac eofs ome l ee r ss uc hasd, o,andsi st he c ount e r .
U N T E R 1 9
De s c e d e r s n Des c entLi ne
DESCE
NDERS
Thepor t i onofsome
l ower casel et t er s,suchasg
andy,t hatext endsordescends
bel ow t hebasel i nei st hedescender . 21
De sc en tL i ne g
Th e nv be i si tw i ee bl n el ne th i e m ba a se rki l i ne ng an the d fa th rt e he bo s tt td om i st of anc gl th e yp e h.
Des c entLi ne
22
Ear Expr essi ve Ty pogr aphy
23
Ear Smal ls t r oket hatpr oj ec t s f r om l owerc as eg.
Capl i ne
Me anl i ne
Bas el i ne
g
g 24
E
T y x p p o r V I S U A L g e r s I GHLY a s p i h v y e Ex pr e s s i v et y pog r a phyi sa na r tf or m whe r et e x ti s
H
whe r et y pebe c ome sa ni ma g e .
25
F ont For m
Fi gur e & Gr ound 26
F i gur eandgr oundi sanas pec tof t heGes t al tTheor ywhi c hs t at est hat el ement sar eper c ei v edasei t her f i gur es( di s t i nc tel ement soff oc us ) orgr ound( t hebac k gr oundor l ands c apeonwhi c ht hef i gur esr es t ) . 27
F NT FONT FONTFONTFO F ONTF ONTF ONT F ONT FONT F ONT F ONT
ONT F ONTFONTF F ONT
F ONTF ONT
FONT
F ONT F ONT
F OFN T ONT F ONT
F ON
F ONTF ONT F ONT F ONT F ONTFONT
F ONT
F ONT
F ONT F ONT
FONT
F ONT
F ONT
F ONT
F ONTFONT
ONT F ONT
F ONTFONT
F ONT
F ON
Af onti sas etofpr i nt abl eordi s pl ay abl et ex tc har ac t er s i nas pec i f i cs t y l eands i z e.
28
29
GESTALT’ S PRI NCI PLE 30
Ges t al ti saps yc hol ogyt er m whi c hmeans" uni f i edwhol e" .I tr ef er s t ot heor i esofvi s ualper c ept i ondevel opedbyGer man ps yc hol ogi s t si nt he1920s .Thes et heor i esat t emptt odes c r i behow peopl et endt oor gani z evi s ualel ement si nt ogr oups .Theyc anbe c l as s i f i edi nt of i veas pec t s .
Cl os ur e
Fi gur e & Gr ound
Si mi l ar i t y Ges t al t ’ s Pr i nc i pl e
Pr oxi mi t y
Cont i nui t y
31
Hyphenat i on
32
HY-PHENATI ON A
Todi vi deorc onne c t( s yl l abl e s ,wor d e l e me nt s ,orname s )wi t hahyphe ni s knownashyphe nat i on.
Hyphenat i on=1/ 3ofem Spac e
33
t
I l l u s t r a t i v et
I nf ogr aphi cs 34
y p o g r a p h y
I l l us t r at i veT ypogr aphy I l l us t r a t i vet ypogr a phyi sa na s pe c toft ypogr a phyi nwhi c h awor dbr i ngsoutt hee mot i ont ha ti ta i mst oc onve y.
35
IN F O
Gr a p h i c s
I nf or ma t i ongr a phi c sori nf ogr a phi c sa r egr a phi cvi s ua l r e pr e s e nt a t i onsofi nf or ma t i on,da t aorknowl e dgei nt e nde dt o pr e s e nti nf or ma t i onqui c kl ya ndc l e a r l y. 36
37
J
K
e r ni ng
38
Kerni ng K
e
I nt y pogr aphy , k er ni ngi st hepr oc es sofadj us t i ngt he s pac i ng bet ween c har ac t er si n apr opor t i onalf ont , us ual l yt oac hi ev eav i s ual l ypl eas i ngr es ul t .
39
Leadi ng I nt ypogr a phy, l e a di ngr e f e r st ot he di s t a nc ebe t we e nt heba s e l i ne sof s uc c e s s i vel i ne soft ype . Thec onc e ptofl e a di ngi sus ua l l y r e f e r r e dt oa sl i nes pa c i ngor i nt e r l i nes pa c i ng.
Leadi ng 41
L I GATURE fi
fl
3 &-et ß-t I nwr i t i ngandt y pogr aphy , al i gat ur eoc c ur swher et wo ormor el et t er sar ej oi nedasas i ngl egl y ph. Manyl i gat ur es c ombi nefwi t hanadj ac entl et t er .
42
Al i nei sas er i esofdot s . L i nei sof t enr ef er r edt oast he mos tbas i cel ementofdes i gn. Thedi r ec t i on,wei ght ,andc har ac t erofal i nec onv ey s manydi f f er ents t at esandemot i ons .
43
g
LOP O
Theencl osedorpart i al l yencl osedcount er bel ow t hebasel i neofadoubl est orygi s knownasl oop.
44
I n publ i shi ng and gr aphi c desi gn,l or em i psum ( der i ved f r om Lat i n dol or em i psum, t r ansl at ed as" pai ni t sel f " )i s af i l l ert extcommonl y used t o demonst r at et he gr aphi c el ement s ofa document or vi sualpr esent at i on.
MeanLi ne
M
e
46
Si ze Space
M
e
SI ZE
A uni tofme as ur e ,whi c hi st hes quar eofaf ac e ' s poi nts i z e .Tr adi t i onal l y ,t hewi dt hofaf ac e ' swi de s t l e t t e r ,t hec api t alM i se qualt ot hec ur r e ntt y pes i z e .
47
em Spac e
M Anem s pac ei sat er m der i vedf r om t he wi dt h oft he c api t al" M"on a met al c har ac t erbl oc k us ed wi t h ear l y pr i nt pr es s es . Today,anem s pac ei sus edt o def i ne t he c ur r entpoi nts i z e oft he f ont .
48
Me anLi ne
CapHe i ght Me anLi ne
Bas eLi ne
I nt y pogr aphy ,t hemean l i ne,al s oc al l edt he mi dl i ne,i shal ft he di s t anc ef r om t hebas el i ne t ot hec aphei ght .
49
NARRATI VE TYPOGRAPHY
eN Si ze 50
M N e
Si z e
51
Aneni sat y pogr aphi cuni t , hal foft hewi dt hofanem. Bydef i ni t i on, i ti sequi v al ent t ohal foft hehei ghtoft he f ont .Asi t snames ugges t s , i ti s al s ot r adi t i onal l yt he wi dt hofanupper c as el et t er " N" .
Narrative Typogr aphy N a rra tiv e Typography Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphyNar r at i ve Typogr aphy Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphyNar r at i veTypogr aphyNar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Nar r at i veTypogr aphy
Nar r at i ve
Typogr aphy
Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Narrati veTypography Narrat i veTypography Nar r at i ve Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy TypographyNarrative Narrati veTypography Typogr aphyNar r at i veTypogr aphy TypographyNarrative Narrati veTypography Nar r at i ve Typogr aphyNar r at i ve TypographyNarrative TypographyNarrative TypographyNarrati ve T y p o g ra p h y Nar r at i ve
Typogr aphy
Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i veTypography Nar r at i ve Typogr aphyNar r at i ve Typogr aphyNar r at i ve r at i veTypogr aphyNar r at i veTypography Typogr aphyNar
Typogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy
Nar r at i veNar r at i veTypogr aphyNar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typogr aphy Nar r at i ve Typography Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy Nar r at i veTypogr aphy N a rra tiv e T y p o g ra p h y
NarrativeTypographyNarrativeTypography NarrativeTypographyNarrativeTypography
Nar r at i veTypogr aphy
TypographyNarrative Typography
Nar r at i v eTy pogr aphyi sanas pe c toft y pogr aphywhi c hi s ge ne r al l ys upe r i mpos e dont hef or m oft hepr i mar ys ubj e c t . I tai mst onar r at et het he mewi t ht hehe l poft y pogr aphy .
52
O
53
Pi ca
Poi nt
Pl ane
Proxi mi t y
PI CA
Thepi cai sat ypogr aphi cuni tof meas ur ementcor r es pondi ngt o1⁄ 72 ofaf oot ,or1⁄ 6ofani nch. 1pi ca cont ai ns 12poi ntuni t sofmeas ur ement .
PLANE
A pl anei saf l atsur f ace ext endi ngi nhei ghtand wi dt h.A pl anei st hepat h ofamovi ngl i ne,i ti sa l i newi t hbr eadt h.A l i ne cl osest obecomeashape, aboundedpl ane.
56
53
P R O X
I M
I T Y Pr oxi mi t yi sanas pec toft heGes t al tPr i nc i pl ewhi c hs t at es t hatpr oxi mi t yoc c ur swhenel ement sar epl ac edc l os e t oget her .Theyt endt obeper c ei vedasagr oup.
58
Q 59
RRR HHH YYY TTT HHH YYY MMM
Re bus
60
A r ebus i s an al l usi onal devi cet hatusespi ct ur est o r epr esentwor dsorpar t sof wor ds.I twas a f avour i t e f or m ofher al di cexpr essi on usedi nt heMi ddl eAgest o denot esur names.
61
RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM RHYTHM Rhy t hm i st her epet i t i onoral t er nat i onofel ement s ,of t en wi t hdef i nedi nt er v al sbet weent hem. Rhy t hm c anc r eat ea s ens eofmov ement ,andc anes t abl i s hpat t er nandt ex t ur e.
62
Seri f
Spi ne
St em
San Ser i f
Si mi l ari t y SetW i dt h
S p u r
s
1 8 1 6-D e s i g n d b yf W i l l i a ms C a s l o n I V . T h e d e s i g n o r t h e a n i s b a s e d T h ed e s i g nf o r t h es a n si sb a s e do nGr e e T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e d o n G r e e L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y . 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a mC L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y . 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a s l o n I V . T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e T h ed e s i g nf o r t h es a n si sb a s T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e d o n G r e e T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e t L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y . t L a p d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m 1 8 1 6i D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a s l o n I V . T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b 1 8 1 6-D 1 8 e 1 s 6 i g n e D d e s b i y g n W e i d l l i b a y m W C i a l l s i a l o m n C I V a s . l o T h d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i b T h ed e s i g nf o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e d o n G r e e L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e T h ed e s T i h g e nd f o e r s t i g h n e s f o a r n t s h i e s s b a a n s s e d i s o b n a s G e r d e e o L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a s l o n I V . L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y . 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a L a p i d a r L y a l p e i t d t e a r r s y o l e f t t h e e r s 5 o t h f t c h e e n 5 t u t h r y c . e n t u r y T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e d o n G r e e 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a 1 8 1 6 D e s i g n e d b y W i l l i a m C a T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s s b a s e L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h c e n t u r y . 1 8 1 6-De s i g n e db yWi l l i a mCa
T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i s b a s e t L a p ia r yl e t t eso f t h e5 t hc e n T h e d e s i g n f o r t h e s a n s i sc b a s e t L a p i d a r y l e t t e r s o f t h e 5 t h e n t L a p i d a r yl e t t e r so f t h e5 t hc e n t L a p i d a r yl e t t e r so f t h e5 t hc e n
S ANS E RI F
At y p e f a c ewi t h o u ts e r i f si sc a l l e ds a n s s e r i f o r s a n s s e r i f , f r o mt h eF r e n c hs a n s , me a n i n g" wi t h o u t . " 1 8 1 6-De s i g n e db yWi l l i a mCa s l o nI V T h ed e s i g nf o rt h es a n si sb a s e do n Gr e e kL a p i d a r yl e t t e r so f t h e5 t hc e n t u r y . 64
S
I nt ypography,aseri fi sa smal ll i neat t ached t ot he endofast rokei n al et t er orsymbol .At ypef acewi t h seri f si scal l edaseri f t ypef ace( orseri f ed t ypef ace) .
ERI F
Seri ff ontwasdesi gnedbyW i l l i am Cal son. Theywerederi vedf rom t he wri t i ngsont heRomanCol umns.
65
SETWI DTH ehor i z ont a l wi dt hofc ha r a c t e r si nt y pog r a phyi s knowna ss e twi dt h.Ty pe f a c e sc ont a i ndi ffe r e nt hor i z ont a ls e twi dt hsofe a c hc ha r a c t e r. Se twi dt hs ofs i ng l ec ha r a c t e r sdi ffe ri nt y pe s e tc opyba s e d upont hes ha peoft hec ha r a c t e ra ndt hec ha r a c t e r s a r oundi t .
a bc de f g hi j k l mnopqr s t uv wx y z 1 3
S e twi dt hhe r ei sde t e r mi ne dby-1 3( s t a nda r d)x1 2=1 5 6poi nt s . Le ng t hoft hel i nec a nbec a l c ul a t e d-1 3x1 . 5=1 9 . 5poi nt s .
66
n Thecurveatt hebegi nni ngofal egofa charact er,suchasi nan‘ n’ i sknownas shoul der.
67
S nedb escoi pl yG nci ri e st ep a l t. th I of
ean sawhol a d dn e v i ot e as rc e p in e r
s.Si mi l ari ment e l t e yi l a s u on d i v e di
arl l oo k mi i si n go hat b j st ec te t s ta a ts
SI MI LARI TY
SI MI LARI TY 68
S Themai ncurvedst rokeofa l owercaseorcapi t alS i sknown asSpi ne.
69
G SPUR
Asmal lpr oj ect i onof famai nst r okei s knownasSpur .
70
i STEM
Thes t em i st hemai n,us ual l yver t i c al s t r okeofal et t er f or m.
71
tT
e r m i n a l
Tracking
T y p e f a c e
y p o g r a h y
Ta i l
Q T
A
IL
I nt y pog r aphy ,t hede s c e ndi ng ,of t e n de c or at i v e s t r okeon t hel e t t e rQ ort hede s c e ndi ng ,of t e n c ur v e ddi ag onals t r okeonK orR i st het ai l .The de s c e nde r song ,j ,p,q,andyar eal s oc al l e dt ai l s .
73
t er mi nal
I nt ypogr aphy,t het er mi nali sat ypeofcur vewhi ch i s sai dt obej ustt heend( st r ai ghtorcur ved)ofanyst r oke t hatdoesn’ ti ncl udeaser i f .
74
TRACKING
II 75
Typef ace Square721 BT
Typeface Perpetua Ti tli ng MT
Typeface OCR-B 10 BT
Typef ace SegoePri nt
I n typography,atypef ace( al soknown asf ontf ami l y)i sa set ofone or more f onts each composed ofgl yphs that sharecommondesi gnf eatures.Eachf ontofatypef acehas aspeci f i cwei ght,styl e,condensati on,wi dth,sl ant, i tal i ci zati on,ornamentati on,anddesi gner.
76
T GRAPHY
T ypogr aphyi st hear tandt ec hni queofar r angi ngt ypet o mak e wr i t t en l anguage l egi bl e,r eadabl e,and appeal i ng whendi s pl ayed.T hear r angementoft ypei nvol vess el ec t i ng t ypef ac es ,poi nts i z e,l i ne l engt h,l i nes pac i ng ( l eadi ng) , l et t er s pac i ng( t r ac k i ng) ,andadj us t i ngt hes pac ewi t hi n l et t er spai r s( k er ni ng) .
77
78
U
V
80
W
X
HEI GHT
X
HEI GHT
I nt ypogr aphy,t hexhei ghtorc or puss i z e r ef er st ot hedi s t anc ebet weent hebas el i ne andt hemeanl i neofl ower c as el et t er si na t ypef ac e.Typi c al l y,t hi si st hehei ghtoft he l et t erxi nt hef ont( t hes our c eoft het er m) , aswel lasu,v,w,andz .
82
83
Y
Z 84
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