What is Erlotinib

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What is Erlotinib?

Basic Characteristics Product Name CAS Number Molecular Formula Formula Weight

Erlotinib powder 183321-74-6

Synonyms

Erlotinib powder free base;

C22H23N3O4 393.443 CP-358774; OSI774; 183321-74-6.

Appearance Storage and Handling

White to off-white crystalline powder Dry, dark and at 0 – 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Erlotinib Powder Description Erlotinib powder, sold under the brand name Tarceva among others, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer. Specifically it is used for NSCLC with mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) — either an exon 19 deletion (del19) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutation — which has spread to other parts of the body. It is taken by mouth.

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Erlotinib powder is a quinazoline derivative with antineoplastic properties. Competing with adenosine triphosphate, erlotinib powder reversibly binds to the intracellular catalytic domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, thereby reversibly inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation and blocking the signal transduction events and tumorigenic effects associated with EGFR activation.

Erlotinib powder was approved for medical use in the United States in 2004. It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, which lists the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

Erlotinib Powder Mechanism of Action Erlotinib powder is an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFR inhibitor). The drug follows Iressa (gefitinib), which was the first drug of this type.

Erlotinib powder specifically targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, which is highly expressed and occasionally mutated in various forms of cancer. It binds in a reversible fashion to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site of the receptor. For the signal to be transmitted, two EGFR molecules need to come together to form a homodimer.

These then use the molecule of ATP to trans-phosphorylate each other on tyrosine residues, which generates phosphotyrosine residues, recruiting the phosphotyrosine-binding proteins to EGFR to assemble protein complexes that transduce signal cascades to the nucleus or activate other cellular biochemical processes. When erlotinib powder binds to EGFR, formation of phosphotyrosine residues in EGFR is not possible and the signal cascades are not initiated.

Erlotinib powder also is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor that is used in the therapy of advanced or metastatic pancreatic or non-small 2

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cell lung cancer. Erlotinib powder therapy is associated with transient elevations in serum aminotransferase levels during therapy and rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Erlotinib Powder Application Erlotinib powder is a reversible first-generation receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (along with Gefitinib) acting primarily on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the ErbB receptor family.

The drug interacts with both wild type and mutation EGFR. The ErbB family can form homodimers or heterodimers, which are often implicated in downstream effects and pathogenesis of many types of carcinomas studied in humans. Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) prevent the phosphorylation of their substrate in the cell signaling pathway. EGFR normally plays a role in many cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, and angiogenesis, all of which are hallmarks of cancer.

EGFR mutation in NSCLC is typically an activating mutation. Some patient characteristics that make the presence of EGFR mutation more likely include no history of smoking confirmed adenocarcinoma by histologic analysis, Asian ethnicity, and female sex. Secondary mutations in the EGFR commonly occur, which this article describes below.

Erlotinib Powder Side Effects & Warning The following side effects are common for patients taking Erlotinib Powder: Rash Diarrhea Poor appetite 3

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Fatigue Shortness of breath Cough Nausea and vomiting These side effects are less common side effects of patients receiving Erlotinib Powder: Infection Mouth sores Itching Dry skin Eye irritation Abdominal pain Not all side effects are listed above. Some that are rare (occurring in less than 10% of patients) are not listed here. However, you should always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.

Reference [1] Gao JW, Zhan P, Qiu XY, Jin JJ, Lv TF, Song Y. Erlotinib-based doublet targeted therapy versus erlotinib powder alone in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis from 24 4

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randomized controlled trials. Oncotarget. 2017 May 31;8(42):73258-73270. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18319. eCollection 2017 Sep 22. Review. PubMed PMID: 29069867; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5641210.

[2] Lee CK, Davies L, Wu YL, Mitsudomi T, Inoue A, Rosell R, Zhou C, Nakagawa K, Thongprasert S, Fukuoka M, Lord S, Marschner I, Tu YK, Gralla RJ, Gebski V, Mok T, Yang JC. Gefitinib or Erlotinib powder vs Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Overall Survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2017 Jun 1;109(6). doi: 10.1093/jnci/djw279. Review.

PubMed PMID: 28376144.

[3] Yang Z, Hackshaw A, Feng Q, Fu X, Zhang Y, Mao C, Tang J. Comparison of gefitinib, erlotinib powder and afatinib in non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2017 Jun 15;140(12):2805-2819. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30691. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Review. PubMed PMID: 28295308.

[4] “Erlotinib powder (Tarceva) Use During Pregnancy”. Drugs.com. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

[5] “Erlotinib powder Monograph for Professionals”. Drugs.com.

Retrieved 12 November 2019.

[6] “Tarceva- erlotinib powder hydrochloride tablet”. DailyMed. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

[7] “Drug Approval Package: Tarceva (Erlotinib powder) NDA #021743”. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 28 March 2005.

Retrieved 23 December 2019.

[8] Raymond E, Faivre S, Armand JP (2000). “Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase as a target for anticancer therapy”. Drugs. 60 Suppl 1: 15–23, discussion 41–2. doi:10.2165/00003495-200060001-00002. PMID 11129168. S2CID 10555942.

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