Graduate Portfolio

Abbey Wallace

Landscape Architecture + Urban Design Portfolio

harvard graduate school of design (MLAUD) | 2017-2019 mississippi state university (BLA) | 2013-2017

Contents

All enclosed works completed at Harvard Graduate School of Design + Mississippi State University

01 Back to the Future

Redefining the transformation of time, material, and urban production in Zurich, Switzerland p. 1-13

02 Shifting Grounds

Managing the thawing of permafrost in Siberia by the reintroduction of large grazers p. 14-29

03 No Love for Nonconnah

Discovering the source of stormwater concerns in Memphis, TN p. 30-37

04 A Gradient of Sacredness

Solving contemporary circulation issues in conjunction with developing a sacred arrival to the United States’ most hallowed grounds p. 38-45

05 Follow the Water

Designing and building a raingarden as a living diagram p. 46-55

Spring 2018

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Back to the Future Location | Zurich, Switzerland Partner | Ting Liang Advisors | Markus Schaeffer + Hiromi Hosoya Award | Nominated for Platform 10

In addition to the three dimensions of space, our project adds the dimensions of materiality and time. Time is where processes unfold – from production to transformation, and where concepts of circular ideas can be introduced. Materiality, on the other hand, is the dimension which allows us to experience the flow of time through rebuilding, aging, developing patina, dismantling, and recycling where the cycle starts again.

Back to the Future provides a framework that enables spatial and material transformation in time and accommodates production through its flexible stages. The existing built framework will change and, through time, develop into the urban fabric with spaces allocated for production, people, and green.

An important tool of the transformation and its implementation is the courtyard typology as well as the module units. The courtyard typology contextualizes the project in the context of Neu-Oerlikon which serves as a stable framework that allows for transformation to occur and for tangible relationships between human and green space to be generated. The flexible floor plates within the courtyard allow for module units to be inserted. The design, building, and installation of the modules occur on site. Materials are re-used after demolition of existing buildings. In addition, new materials, such as timber, are introduced into the site.

The green is also flexible, such that it provides the opportunity for the people who inhabit the space to make it their own. For example, movable pavers are used instead of concrete, in consciousness of the temporality of space in its transformation. Trees and plants are also placed in planters with wheels, which allows for flexible change and the ability of locals to design the space to their needs.

In summary, the industries, the materials and resources they use and the waste they produce, understood as a metabolic process, allows the site to sustain itself through time, creating a self-sufficient block.

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Research + Analysis An important tool of the transformation of the site is its implementation of the courtyard typology. From observing the context, it is a contextual typology that not only supports our design approach, but also allows for the transformation of our site to expand and be implemented within the area. Altogether, it serves as a stable framework that allows for transformation to occur and for tangible relationships between humans and green space to be generated. In addition to our site, circular ideas applied to industry and production are also present - outlined in blue.

The industrial timeline (on the right of the page) illustrates moments in history where innovations in industrial production and architecture have occurred globally. The moments highlighted in red show changes in material innovations in terms of architecture and manufacturing, and the moments highlighted in blue show circular ideas that relate to environment consciousness. The collage situates the project with these same ideas that are present in the Swiss context.

site

Context Typological Study in Proximity to Site Oerlikon, Zurich Switzerlan

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technological advancements

Jean Baptiste Godin’s Foundry and Familistere in Guise, France 1859 is founded as a utopian industrial community with attention to the worker”

ETH | Zurich, Switzerland

Jules Saulnier, architect, designs the Menier 1872 Chocolate factory in Noisiel, France with the first use of steel frame on the exterior of a building.

Robot fabricating modular timber units

19 03

Tony Garnier publishes Une Cite Industrielle, describing a utopia that combines industrial and mixed uses in building made of concrete. 1900

NEST | Zurich, Switzerland

1910 Architect Albert Kahn designs Ford Plant in Highland, MI, Engineer Giacomo Matte-Trucco designs the Fiat Longotto factor in 1913 Turin, Italy to support the vertical processes through its concrete construction and rooftop track.

Ballinger & Co. design the first industrial building to boast 1922 all-glass walls, which allow for ample day lighting in Bridgeport, PA, called the “Daylight” Building.

Renggli AG | Winterthur, Switzerland

During, 1930-1933, Alvar Aalto, architect, designs Toppila Pulp Mill in 1930 Oulu, Finaland with housing for factory workers.”

Albert Kahn’s designs the Dodge Half-Ton Truck Plant in Warren, MI 1937 and creates a solution for a cheap, single-story industrial building that employs minimal use of materials, simple details, large surfaces, and prefabricated elements.

the largest American factory at the time and the first to use a full assembly line.

1906

1925 In Dessau, Germany, The Bauhaus school (1919-33), founded

by Walter Gropius, embraces the idea of creating a “total” work of art, combining crafts, the fine arts and architecture.

1930 Sir Owen Williams, engineer, designs the vertical factory,

Boots “Wets”, in Nottingham, England, using gravity flow and conveyors for pharmaceutical processing. Its reinforced concrete columns support large slabs and a glass curtain-wall allows natural light inside.

Prefabricated Houses Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsman design prefabricated 19

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houses for the General Panel Corporation with wood-framed walls and ceiling units that can be adjusted.

Modular System

Quadrin | Maienfeld, Switzerland

material innovations

the company customizes and builds 3 types of temporary living spaces (mono, modul, event)

During 1941-1951, Le Corbusier designs the concrete frame factory, exemplifying his “modular” system for Usine Claude & Duval in Saint-Dié, France In 1952, MIT’s develops the CNC milling machine 1952 that allows complex cuts with much higher accuracy than by hand.”

In 1954, George Devol invents the first digital and programmable robot called the Unimate.

Flexible “Shed”

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In 1961, the SDS Electronics in El Segundo, CA is design with a flexible “shed” structure that provides separate spaces for research, production, warehousing, and administration, with movable internal partitions.”

Architect Miguel Fisac designs an innovative concrete construction 1965 stacked in spiraling layers for the Jorba Laboratory inMadrid, Spain.

Team 4 designs the Reliance Controls Ltd. factory in England as a 1967 versatile enclosure that allows for linear expansion.

Blumer Lehmann AG | Gossau, Switzerland designs and builds residential and commercial modules from new and reused timber

Modular Steel System19 In 1979, Fritz Haller designs the USM factory in Munsingen, Switzeland as a modular steel system of 14.4 meters to enable extensions to the building.

Industrial Symbiosis In the 1980’s, Kalundborg Industrial Park exemplifies

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574 apartment complex which aims to conserve resources

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In 1993, Herzog & Partner’s design a new standard for environmentally responsible industrial architecture for the Wilkhahn Assembly Hall in Bad Münder, Germany.

R-O-B is created, robot that can be used on building sites with 2007 Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing.

Companies like MakerBot develop small 3D printers for personal 2011 and industrial use

Collaboration Space 20

Website | Switzerland Material Library

In 2009, Hackerspaces, in large machine shops or small studios, gather people with common interests in computers and the digital arts to collaborate on products.

The Clean Air Act

Kong begins large-scale development of high-rise 1960 Hong factories in the city center.

1974 A.E. Bosshard and H. Widmer, architects design the Toni

Molkerei, largest dairy processing enterprise in Europe, which operated until 2005 in Zurich, Switzerland.

1980 Silicon Valley is designed as a hub for high-tech innovation

1986 From 1986-Pres., Hôtels Industriels, Paris is a city-supported

Moveable Systems19 Igus Factory, In 1988, in Cologne, Germany, the Igus Factory is designed by Nicholas Grimshaw and Partners, architects, with a flexible and moveable system that so the company can readjust their use of space.

19 56

pioneering vertical factory.

1984 Harsh long hours found in home-base workers in Taiwan.

Flexible Building

Architect, Richard Rogers designs the PA Technolies in Princeton, NJ as a flexible building for efficient manufacturing, construction and maintenance, which is achieved through movable partitions within a column-free interior.

Buckminster Fuller works on a project, Vertcal Cotton 1952 Architect Mill, with students from North Carolina State University for a

and developers.

early Industrial Symbiosis – a system of material exchanges in an ecological industrial development in Denmark.

2,000 watt society - Stöckacker Süd | Basel, Switzerland

Ernst Steiff, an engineer, designs the first glass curtain wall for his wife’s toy factory, Steiff Factory, using greenhouse technologies in Geigen, Germany.

Albert Kahn designs the Packard Motor Plant in Detroit, MI 1903 as the first reinforced concrete factory building for the auto industry.

A modular test-bed for the future

Energy-effecient timber modular construction company

Greenhouse Technologies

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19 89 19 99

Industrial Ecology In 1989, the term “Industrial Ecolgoy” is used by Robert development of incubators of new industries.

Frosch and Nicholas Gallopoulos to define material flow of industrial process.

LEED In 1993, the development of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) begins.

Recyclable Recycle Plant In 1999, Abalos & Herreros design a vertical recycling plant that can itself also be recycled in Madrid, Spain.

Adaptive Re-use In 2000, American Apparel reuses existing industrial buildings with a commitment to producing clothing in LA.

2009 Residents reuse former office buildings for small-scale industries in Jeppe, Johannesburg.

2010 The Greening of the Brooklyn Navy Yard is designed by

various architects as a comprehensive redevelopment existing and new buildings for industrial use.

In 2011, Breweries see a comeback in cities and around the world In 2012, American Industry Center in San Francisco, a giant industrial complex is home to mixed uses for industrial and commercial spaces.

circular ideas

In 2013, the Noerd Building in Zurich, Switzerland.

In 2014, BIG Architects design a mixed use infrastructural project that is a Waste to Heat Transfer Plant, Amager, Denmark.

Gundeldinger Feld | Basel, Switzerland

Zurich 2050 Plan Zurich envisions a plan for the year 2050, focusing on sustainable principles.

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Site Plan

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Phasing Strategy Productive Space Demolish Alter New Build

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Narrative Axonometric Our design approach to the site is to discover a way in which the site can be productive, but also self-sufficient.

We envision this happening by the site having the ability to reinvent itself through its existing building materials.

We begin this by studying the existing building stock, and recording what can be preserved and what must be demolished. From there, we developed a framework of courtyard typologies, in which the site can transform within, through the re-use and recycling of building materials. We do not envision the final image, as we interpret the site having the ability to constantly reinvent itself.

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Ground Floor Plan

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Mat Building

The mat building is used as a prototype in which the principles of transformation can occur and look like. In the mat building, the structure of the exisitng building is preserved, but is punctured to make a series of courtyards, and modular housing units are inserted under the existing industrial roof.

Modular Prototypes

3 module units that can be constructed on site to be inserted nto the mat building above

Single Bedroom

Bedroom

Bedroom

Single Bedroom

Bathroom Eat-In Kitchen Bathroom

Shared Living Unit 60 sq. m.

Bathroom

Double Bedroom

Eat-In Kitchen

Porch

Porch

Single Bedroom 20 sq. m.

Porch

Single Studio 13.5 sq. m.

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Sections

temporary studios temporary studios start-up offices start-up offices communal space

collective workshops

courtyard

flexible “yard�

Section A1-A2

Illustrating the variety of courtyard spaces as well as the fluidity of the ground plane.

housing

housing

lab + innovation

housing

housing

lab + innovation

termporary studio

termporary studio

lab + innovation

lab + innovation

lab + innovation lab + innovation

collection center

Section B1-B2

recycled materials library

(site recycled and shared materials)

social space

Illustrating the relationship between the ground floor production space, the offices above, and the open space types.

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collective workshops

retail space

temporary studios

temporary studios

temporary studios

temporary studios

start-up offices

start-up offices

start-up offices

shared resources

communal space

communal space

co-working space

co-working space

collective workshops

retail space

retail space

courtyard

housing

housing

housing

housing

start-up offices start-up offices

production space - innovation company

start-up offices

termporary studio

retail space

termporary studio

collective workshops

social space

retail space

start-up offices

start-up offices

start-up offices

start-up offices

shared resources

communal space

communal space

retail space

production space - innovation company

retail space

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Program + Material Flows Diagram The existing site materials create the program for the site. When the site evolves and changes through its phases, it utilizes the existing building materials, as well as a few locally sourced materials, to rebuild itself. By doing so, this process creates new forms of production on the site that are involved in this process of remaking and recreating,

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Models Context Model (1:1500) Site Model (1:500) Detailed Housing Model (1:75)

At a scale of 1:500, the site model shows the new scheme in relation to its contexts.

Highlighting the variation of courtyard spaces, and the different scales of production, this once single-use industrial site now services new creative, multi-purpose residents.

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This detailed model shows the reconfiguration of the existing industrial structure, and proposes the insertion of 3 different types of modular housing into its frame.

With flexible courtyard space, the cooperative living tenants, can use their craft and interests to create the character and use of the space.

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Spring 2019

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02

Shifting Grounds Location | Siberia Research Partner | Yinan Liu Advisors | Jungyoon Kim + Yoonjin Park Award | Distinction / Nominated for Platform 12

Permafrost is unique to the Siberian landscape, yet, it is undergoing a serious threat due to global warming and the vicious cycle it creates of permafrost thawing. Shifting Grounds strategically proposes to manage the thawing of permafrost through a paleoecological method in which large grazers — those whom once roamed the territory in the Pleistocene — are reintroduced to the Siberian landscape. Their natural movements and behaviors return the landscape to its prehistoric conditions which can naturally manage the thawing of permafrost.

The traditional relationship of infrastructure and wildlife are redefined in the planning proposal as the proposed railway and stations act as a catalyst for the wildlife’s migratory and non-migratory movements through functioning as a corridor and defining a new territory for wildlife.

The proposed railway and stations create an encounter between the animal and the human. As such, the role of the station is redefined, and three types of stations are proposed: urban, wild, and pastoral. The urban station utilizes an existing station in the city, Chita, and re-adapts it to no longer be a stopover for only people, but also for wildlife. Its architecture provides a coexistence for both parties, but particularly for wildlife through warmth, provision of food resources, and an area for animal calving. The wild station aims to support wild mammals through the supply of food and habitation while simultaneously connecting the passenger to the experience of permafrost. The pastoral station aims to incorporate human activities of herding domesticated reindeer to the program of the station.

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Permafrost Research + Methodology Permafrost covers almost the full expanse of Siberia and is currently undergoing an extreme threat due to global warming. Permafrost is defined as a layer of soil that has been continuously frozen for as little as two years to as long as tens of thousands of years; in addition, it can reach depths up to 1,500 meters. In the summer and spring seasons, the first 1� of soil naturally thaws; however, more recently permafrost is thawing at deeper depths. When it thaws, it releases gases such as Methane and Carbon Dioxide into the air, which altogether accelerates the rate of global warming and creates a vicious cycle. It threatens the landscape and jeopardizes infrastructure and ecological systems.

Permafrost Types

Active Layer (.5 m)

Active Layer (1 - 3 m)

Active Layer (1 - 3 m)

Permafrost (360 - 1500 m)

Permafrost (45 m)

Permafrost (1 - 15 m)

Unfrozen Soil + Rock

Unfrozen Soil + Rock

Unfrozen Soil + Rock

Continuous Permafrost

Discontinuous Permafrost

Sporadic Permafrost

This research investigates the different permafrost morphological types and proposes a paleoecological concept of reintroducing grazing animals to return the land to its prehistoric conditions which will slow down the thawing of permafrost.

Concept Re-introduce Wildlife

Wild Moose

Yak

Elk

Musk Oxen

Naturally destroy trees and shrubs and transforms territory from Forest to Grassland trees and shrubs store heat

Ecological Processes

European Wisent

Reindeer

Snow Sheep

Yakutian Horse

Cultivate Ground Through Walking and Grazing

thins the snow layer and allows for a deeper freezing in the winter and protects the permafrost through seasonal temperature rises

Return the landscape to prehistoric conditions (makes the landscape perform like it did 10,000 years ago when Mammoths grazed the lands

organic matter

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organic matter

organic matter

organic matter

Nova Chara (existing station)

Trans Baikal Railway

Pastoral Station (proposed station)

Territory Map The design strategy aims to define a territory, in which reintroduced mammals can exist within and/or migrate through. The allocated territory was demarcated by the understanding of existing food resources, mammals’ behaviors and habits, migration patterns, size and distance of moving paces, and a slope analysis. Within the territory, a new railway is proposed as an extension from the Trans-Siberian Railway and a connection to the Baikal-Amur Railway – creating a North to South corridor. The railway’s role in this process is to rebuild the symbiotic relationship between humans and animals and redefine the role of infrastructure in wildlife zones.

Wild Station (proposed station)

Chita Station (existing station)

Trans Siberian Railway

Stations Railway Potential Wildlife Paths Proposed Wildlife Refuge Continuous Permafrost Discontinuous Permafrost Tundra Moss/Lichen Cover Shrub Grass Village r Town City National Park

N

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Animal Chart + Migration Map Shoulder Height

Species

Reproduction Mate Calve

Reindeer Wisent Horse Muskox Moose

Tu nd ra

Ta ig

Mea

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dow

Stepp

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High Elev at

ion

Forest

Lake

BIT AT HA

Pe a

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Grass Sedge Cryptogam Forb

Moving Panorama

Woody Plant DIET

Inspired by Pyasetsky’s Great Siberian Railway Panorama of 1894, the reinterpreted moving panorama refocuses the view and the viewer on the animals’ perspective. The model is animated and rotates on two wooden dowels with power from a programmed stepper motor.

Wild Migratory Animals ; Reindeer + Moose

Domestic Herd Animals ; European Wisent + Yakutian Horse

Wild Non-Migratory Animals ; Musk Ox + Snow Sheep

Transit Oriented ; Humans

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Riparian Corridor Stations Railway Proposed Railway Reindeer Potential Migration Route

Moose Potential Migration Route Musk Ox Introduction Direction Snow Sheep Introduction Direction Wisent and Yakutian Horse Herding Area

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Chita Station | Proposed Widlife Corridor

Steppe Pine Shrub Reindeer European Wisent Yakutian Horse Musk Ox Moose

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1: Landform architecture and one-way mirror to hide building and people

2: Natural material to hide building

3: Using vegetation to hide railway from people

4: Underground passage for animals

5: Above ground passage for animals

6: Nesting space under railway

7: Food supplement area through snow removal generated by captured energy from train

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Chita Station | Proposed Widlife Corridor Sections A:

Wisents herding area

Using trees a to hide train animals as guide animal proposed c

+6

B:

Natural Fence

Capturing wind from train to gener

Using electricity to melt snow for food supplement

7+

C:

Food Supplement

Using plants to hide railway from animals

+3

1+

+2

D: Using plants to hide overpass from animals

Landform Tunnel

LandformStation

Using one-way mirror to hide people from animals

Existing

Proposed A: Wildlife Refuge

Restore existing steppe land as wildlife refuge

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Yakutian horses herding area

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Elevated Corridor

as fence ns from s well as ls to the corridor

m approaching rate electricity

Restore riparian land as animal corridor

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D B

C

A

B: Migration Corridor

Using trees as fence to hide trains and operate as animal corridor

C: Migration Corridor

Restore riparian land as animal migration corridor

D: Landform Station Rehabilitate the existing station to be a part of the land to conceal from animals

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Wildlife Station | Landscape Framework The proposed wild life train station aims to support wild mammals through the supply of food and habitation while simultaneously connecting the passenger to the experience of permafrost through excavation/exposition and reconstruction/transformation. The rail line acts as a datum in the landscape – remaining at a constant elevation which allows the ground

Legend Proposed Railway

to shift and change below, and at moments the railway touches the landscape. This gives new sections to the railway and allows for porosity of animal movement below.

Existing River Animal Paths Grazing Stations

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01

02

Platform

03

Open Pingo System

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Atmospheric Seasonal Perspective

Illustrating the view of the steppe landscape and seasonal changes of permafrost

Strategies

Identifying moments of experience for the train passenger

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Section of Railway

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Exposed Permafrost

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Grazing Station

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Wildlife Station | Platform Site Plan The proposed platform’s form is manifested through the processes of permafrost thawing and operates as a register for change as the platform thaws and morphs with seasonal transformations – constantly recreating its form. During the excavation of the hilltop for the railway, chunks of permafrost are relocated and used along with hay and soil to create the

shape of the platform. With seasonal changes, the permafrost will shift, change, and thaw giving physical shape to the platform. Once all of the permafrost has thawed, the surface is poured with concrete. The natural formwork is then removed and the wildlife are introduced to the site to begin eating the hay formwork and to find attraction to the platform structure.

Platform Process Sections

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step 1 step 2 step 3 step 4 step 5

define perimeter of future platform with a dirt pile position extracted permafrost with tarp underneath it place hay around permafrost to provide support create piping system to allow permafrost thaw to drain and not destroy the hay formwork pour surface of platform with concrete so that it is operable and the process of permafrost thaw can be interpreted

step 6 step 7 step 8

reinforce thaw soil with rebar and mixed in concrete remove dirt perimeter edging introduce wild animals to eat and remove the hay and for them to also become attracted to the platform

step 9 step 10

allow natural water/snow to collect in the permafrost created voids and should freeze/thaw over seasonal changes to provide an ever-shifting platform store hay under the platform to protect it from becoming wet as well as to attrack the animals to the platform for human interaction

Platform Plan

Model

Winter Scene

Summer Scene

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The View

The experience for the traveler from the platform

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The Viewed

The experience for the wildlife and its relationship to the platform

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Fall 2016

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No Love for Nonconnah Location | Memphis, TN Advisor | Peter Summerlin Award | MS ASLA Merit Award

With increased commercial and industrial development in our metropolitan areas, major streams and waterbodies are under extreme stress. Current development strategies increase impervious surfaces and threaten the health and wellness of the environment and citizens in growing areas like Memphis, TN. Developed areas, such as large retail parking lots, channel storm water into oversized pipes and push excessive amounts of unfiltered water into streams at a high rate, contributing to flashfloods, erosion and polluted waterways. This analysis and planning project sought to address these concerns by strategically targeting threatened areas along the Nonconnah Creek watershed, a watershed surrounding the Memphis Metropolitan area and a major tributary to the Mississippi River. Four areas were selected within the watershed for their high pressure on the creek itself and its tributaries.

A collection of relevant data was compiled and a GIS model developed to assess the current conditions and identify strategic areas to invest public funding in an effort to repair the highly threatened Nonconnah Creek. This second part to the project analyzed the four threatened areas within the Nonconnah Creek watershed but selected just one particular site to further demonstrate how those efforts could begin to redefine the current paradigm of industrial development in this threatened area and areas alike.

Within the watershed of the selected industrial target area, a regional facility was proposed on a vacant lot along a tributary (Tenmile Creek) of the Nonconnah Creek to slow down and manage the stormwater before reentering the creek.

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Nonconnah Creek Watershed

logy hydro

ads

o gs + r

buildin

slope

soils

Legend Areas of High Impact Stream Buffer Floodplain High Run-Off Parcels Vacant Land Existing Parks Building Footprints Mississippi River N

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Low Industrial :: target area 1 Parking lots and major highways inhibit, physically and ecologically, the necessary riparian buffer needed for the Nonconnah Creek. These impervious surfaces provide high amounts of pollutant run-off and prevent the proper function of the creek. To decrease extreme eroision in this area, a riparian buffer and wet infrastructure should be implemented to slow down and cleanse polluted stormwater.

Residential :: target area 2 A large concrete swale runs through this residential watershed carrying high amounts of filthy run-off from the surrounding roads. There is an opportunity to design a greenway that functions as a recreation space for the residents, but more importantly recreates the ecological functions of the creek to reduce flooding.

Vacant Land :: target area 3 This piece of vacant land rests at the mouth of an 85-foot wide concrete swale. The swale carries polluted water at a much higher velocity than at its natural state into this area and into the Nonconnah Creek, and it does not perform any form of pollutant treatment or groundwater infiltration. Multiple Businesses, hotels, and residential areas are within walking distance of this area, making it possible for a stormwater park to function and be very successful in this location.

High Industrial :: target area 4 Located almost 3 miles from the Nonconnah Creek, this area consists of high run-off, industrial parcels that makes up the headwaters for a concrete tributary that feeds into the Nonconnah. Run-off flows through this area with no form of filtering or mitigation. Rather than recreating the concrete creek through the industrial target area, there is better opportunity to design a regional retention facility to temporarily store the stormwater and manage it before returning to the Nonconnah Creek. This opportunity can increase the quality of the stormwater, reduce the quantity, and provide habitat for an area that is significantly lacking.

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Tenmile Creek Watershed Target Area 4

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10% 240 A Curve # 80

Light Industri

25% 599.9 A Curve # 72

Proposed Regional Retention Facility

Reside ntia l

Un de v

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35% 839.9 A Curve # 91

al

al tri

30% 719.9 A Curve # 94

Heavy I n du s

Legend Regional Stormwater Facility Tenmile Streamline Floodway Heavy Industrial (30%) Light Industrial (35%) Residential (10%) Undeveloped Land (25%) N 34

Tenmile Watershed Delineation :: target area 4 Area 2399.6 Acres Average Curve Number 86.05 Hydrologic Soil Group C Run-off Volume in 1” Event 8,710,548 ft³ Percent of 1” Event Retained 100% Volume of Proposed Stormwater Management Facility 1,734,860.79 ft³

tenmile creek

proposed regional rentention facility area: 377,143.65 ft ²

Prominent in many industrial sites in the United States, the ratio between impervious surfaces to pervious surfaces tends to be unbalanced as most industrial land is encompassed by large parking lots, buildings, roads, railways and limited vegetation. The outcome of this epidemic has been the neglect of many important waterways that tend to be unnatural in their movements to larger bodies of water. Stormwater in these areas typically travels through channelized pipes or concrete swales, prohibiting it from any infiltration, removal of pollutants, and a diverse habitat.

While natural space has been limited, “pinched”, or abused in many industrial areas, there remains opportunities to improve the ecology of these important features to our environment.

Tenmile Creek meanders through a dense industrial region of Shelby County, TN, picking up filthy pollutants and contminants along the way before depositing them into the Nonconnah Creek, a major tributary of the Mississippi River. In 2012, the EPA identified Tenmile Creek as an impaired stream due to dissolved Oxygen, Escherichia Coli (E Coli), Phosphorus, and sedimentation. To mitigate much of the high volume and filthy runoff, a regional stormwater facility is proposed to collect and manage the amount of stormwater from this industrial region before moving towards the Nonconnah Creek.

The proposed regional facility is located on a vacant lot alongside the Tenmile Creek. This 377,143.65 square area watershed stores the first 1” rainfall of any storm. As many know, this is the dirtiest stormwater and allows the proposed constructed stormwater wetland to collect the first 1” of rainfall, manage it, and then release it at a slower, more naturalized rate into the Nonconnah Creek.

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Proposed Regional Facility Stormwater Wetland

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Industry

Utility Easement

The areas surrounding Tenmile Creek include dense forms of industry whom exert a large pressure to the creek and produce and deliver pollutants and contaminants into the water system.

Large powerlines line the Tenmile Creek and require utility easements for easy accessibility. Yet, present conditions present highly eroded soil. To minimize these conditions but preserve the utility easement, native grasses can be planted to slow down water, offer infiltration, and secure soil from erosion.

Riparian Buffer + Tenmile Creek Currently, Tenmile Creek has a concrete base and highly eroded sides. To preserve the creek’s longevity, the ground should be resculpted to hold water, and a riparian buffer should be implemented to protect the quality, health, and natural systems of the creek. A riparian corridor is simply known as a vegetated zone.

Constructed Stormwater Wetland

Industry

Constructed stormwater wetlands are designed to manage and improve the quality of stormwater runoff by maximizing the removal of pollutants through settling and uptake, as well as filtering by vegetation. They are implemented for flood control or waste water treatment as well as for the creation and restoration of habitat and a landscape amenity. They do not have the full-range ecological functions as a true wetland because they are designed primarily for pollutant removal and erosion/flood control. Constructed stormwater wetlands temporarily store runoff in relatively shallow pools that are suitable for the growth of wetland plants. There are a variety of types of constructed wetlands and are designed in regards to the avialable area. The basic design parameters for a constructed stormwater wetland are the storage volumes within its various zones. In general, the total volume within these zsones must be equal to the designed runoff volume. To reitterate, the designed stormwater wetland for the Tenmile Creek watershed can retain the first 1� of rainfall.

The areas surrounding Tenmile Creek include dense forms of industry whom exert a large pressure to the creek and produce and deliver pollutants and contaminants into the water system.

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Fall 2018

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A Gradient of Sacredness Location | Arlington National Cemetery Advisor | Marty Poirer

With increased commercial and industrial development in our metropolitan areas, major streams and waterbodies are under extreme stress. Current development strategies increase impervious surfaces and threaten the health and wellness of the environment and citizens in growing areas like Memphis, TN. Developed areas, such as large retail parking lots, channel storm water into oversized pipes and push excessive amounts of unfiltered water into streams at a high rate, contributing to flashfloods, erosion and polluted waterways. This analysis and planning project sought to address these concerns by strategically targeting threatened areas along the Nonconnah Creek watershed, a watershed surrounding the Memphis Metropolitan area and a major tributary to the Mississippi River. Four areas were selected within the watershed for their high pressure on the creek itself and its tributaries.

A collection of relevant data was compiled and a GIS model developed to assess the current conditions and identify strategic areas to invest public funding in an effort to repair the highly threatened Nonconnah Creek. This second part to the project analyzed the four threatened areas within the Nonconnah Creek watershed but selected just one particular site to further demonstrate how those efforts could begin to redefine the current paradigm of industrial development in this threatened area and areas alike.

Within the watershed of the selected industrial target area, a regional facility was proposed on a vacant lot along a tributary (Tenmile Creek) of the Nonconnah Creek to slow down and manage the stormwater before reentering the creek.

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Site Plan

WIMSA memorial

existing memorial and museum

tram pick up/drop off

proposed location under WIMSA fountain

welcome center + plaza

building nestled under green roof with light wells

5 4

administration

builing nestled under green roof with light wells

funeral attendees

queuing lanes and visiting room

family 1 family 2

future interment

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family 3 family 4

parking structure three levels

pick up/drop off

employee parking

3

(Level 3)

bus parking (Level 2)

rideshare

visitor parking (Levels 1 + 2)

metro stop

2

proposed location

Arlington Memorial Bridge

Arlington Memorial Circle

Memorial Bridge 40

1

Potomac River

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Existing Site Conditions

You are currently welcomed to Arlington National Cemetery by an unwelcoming scene - contradictory wayfinding signs and welcome center that is not very inviting.

Pillars from the hemocycle design are still present, and present a sense of prestige, yet, fences are used to control pedestrians, and a surplus of confusing signs.

Existing Circulation

A dated landscape is present along the entrance today, and does not represent the rich arboretum quality of the Arlington National Cemetery.

Proposed Circulation

Legend Vehicles Funeral Attendees Pedestrians Employees Tour Busses Cemetery Tram

Conceptual Section 41

Perspectives 1 gradient 1 initial arrival forpedestrians and vvehicles

2 gradient 2 separation of users

3 gradient 3 funeral attendees path - initial view into the cemetery

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4 gradient 4 view of WIMSA - axial arrival experience for funeral attendees

5 gradient 4 cascade of light - spiritual arrival experience for pedestrians

6 gradient 5 arrival plaza and visitors center

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Site Model

Parking Strucutre

I-110

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Administration

Security Plaza

Welcome Center

Funeral Attendees Queuing Lanes

Arrival Plaza

Vehicle views into future interment

Pedestrian access to WIMSA and Tram Stop

Arrival Plaza

Tram WIMSA Memorial Stop and Museum

Arrival Plaza

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Spring 2017

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05

Follow the Water Location | Mississippi State University Advisor | Cory Gallo Team | 10 Landscape Architects + 10 Graphic Designers + 1 Civil Engineer Role | Team Leader Award | National ASLA Honor Award - Student Collaboration Category MS ASLA Honor Award

The rain garden is a dynamic, functional landscape that is at the same time a living diagram capable of educating, inspiring and explaining green infrastructure technologies. The garden was developed from idea to reality through an interdisciplinary design/build collaboration led by landscape architecture students in the department’s design/build studio. The class worked with a civil engineering student to properly size and locate the facility and then with a graphic design course to develop the multiple levels of information presented in the garden.

As the team leader, the project was challenging but certainly rewarding. It was a unique opportunity to work collaboratively with other disciplines, and to have the chance to learn from each other and physically construct something that has the power to educate and engage with a wider population.

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Design + Construction

Step 1: Rain Garden Construction

The basin was designed to fit within the framework of the existing academic courtyard. Therefore, the overall shape and materials were dictated by contextual site materials. In order to be more sustainable, recycled concrete block was used behind a limestone veneer to reduce the use of the locally sourced stone. By the end of this phase, the individual layers of the rain garden were installed from underdrain to mulch.

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Step 2: Cistern Enclosure

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Inspired by the abstraction of falling water, the cistern enclosure was design by a graphic designer and myself. We worked closely to understand not just the aesthetic quality, but the structural. It was important during the design phase to test new materials, but be able to understand its construction composition, so that we could explain to our team how it would be constructed.

Plan

Process Section

Process Section 49

Final Product Legend 1. Wall Diagram (on wall) 2. Cistern Diagram (on back of cistern) 3. Collection Marker (on gutter from roof) 4. Conveyance Marker 5. Overflow Marker 6. Storage Marker 7. Management Marker 8. Management Diagram Markers

2

5

6

8

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GRAPHIC “PLAN�

Images*: Inc

3 1

4

7

clude at least (1) site plan (Communications and Research Categories

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Final Product

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Final Product

Infographic Panel

Illustration are included by the Rain Garden to educate visitors of its performance and relevance in the local watershed.

Booklet and Stickers

Booklets demonstrating the Rain Garden were handed out during the ribbon cutting, and are available online to inform visitors of its performance and process.

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Abbey Wallace abbeykwallace@gmail.com +1 (601) 383-3693