eu - usa international house | portland, or abby marko-franks | hajo neis | 2020-2021
what’s inside... part i - preliminary research introduction global issues i. in the united states -pandemic, racism, socioeconomic disparities ii. in the european union -climate change, digitalization, refugee crisis
precedents i. regenerative design ii. hybrid design
local organizations i. climate change ii. digitalization iii. racism iv. refugees
site analysis program patterns & surrounding neighborhood design intent i. approach ii. early sketches
bibliography
what’s inside... part i - preliminary research
part ii - design
introduction
introduction to node
global issues
design process diagrams
i. in the united states -pandemic, racism, socioeconomic disparities ii. in the european union -climate change, digitalization, refugee crisis
precedents i. regenerative design ii. hybrid design
local organizations i. climate change ii. digitalization iii. racism iv. refugees
site analysis program patterns & surrounding neighborhood design intent i. approach ii. early sketches
bibliography
i. parti ii. symmetry iii. node form iv. destination
site plan floor plans i. basement ii. ground floor iii. second floor iv. third floor v. fourth floor vi. fifth floor
sections i. north|south ii. east|west
building diagrams i. water collection & filtration i. structure ii. egress/circulation
renders
part i - preliminary research
introduction
This studio projects addresses six of the world’s largest issues, and aims to help solve them through a new International House for the United States and European Union. The six issues include (in alphabetical order) Climate Change, Digitalization, Pandemic, Racism, Refugee crisis, and Socioeconomic inequalities. The United State’s sees more problems with the pandemic, racism, and socioeconomic disparities than that of the EU; the EU sees more problems with climate change, digitalization, and the refugee crisis. The EU-US International House will serve like an embassy for different countries, but it will also house research centers and laboratories for each of the six global issues and temporary housing for researchers and EU visitors.
The EU-US International House will serve as a place of education, unity, and the building blocks to design a better future, in regards to the world’s largest issues.
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This studio project will focus on Regenerative Design: a concept that focuses on revitalizing energy and materials, creating sustainable systems that integrate the needs of society with the needs of nature.
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global issues (personal rankings)
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1. climate change 2. racism and refugee crisis 3. spread of infectious diseases 4. poverty, hunger, lack of drinking water 5. armed conflict 6. the economic situation 7. availability of energy 8. international terrorism 9. increasing population 10. proliferation of nuclear weapons
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global issues (united states) pandemic
racism
socioeconomic disparities
The COVID-19 Pandemic has proven to be the worst pandemic in over 100 years, according to Anthony Fauci, MD, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. “[T]he United States... (has) been hit harder than virtually any country”, Fauci says, with more than 8.3 million cases and 221,550 deaths (as of late October 2020).
-Unemployment rates are much higher for Black Americans than for white
-Wage inequality
Fauci answers the public’s questions as to why the United States has been hit so much harder than other countries, and he answers by comparing our experience to that of the European Union. Countries like Spain and Italy saw extremely high numbers of the disease early on, then drove those numbers down by shutting down the countries. Fauci says that the United States’ cases never went below 20,000 per day, because the United States never completely shut down. Looking at GPS data in the United States and comparing it to that of Spain and Italy, there has been much more movement in the United States during the pandemic than in the EU countries, because many more Americans continued to go to work, grocery shop, and do other activities.
-Black Americans are underrepresented in high-paying jobs -31% of employed Blacks have worked in management, professional, and related occupations (the highest-paying major occupational category)
-Education wage premium
-Black Americans have historically been underrepresented in the highest echelons of government, as well
-Gender pay gaps -Women make about 80% of what men earn
-Black workers have historically earned far less than white workers
-Occupational sex segregation -Men tend to work jobs that are better paid than those that women tend to work
-Overall income for Black Americans was about 42% lower than that for whites in 2018
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-Black women earn significantly less than white women -Advanced course credit earned in secondary school is significantly harder to achieve for Black students than white, due to educational opportunities -Black Americans were more likely to get denied mortgage loans than any other race in 2018 -This, the share of Black households that own their own homes is lower than other racial groups
-Wealth inequality -Top 10% of households controlled 73.1% of total wealth in 2007 -Deregulation of the labor market -All wage and salary workers who are union members was 12.4% in 2008 -Job losses -Employment fell by 3.1 million jobs in 2008, and another 4.7 million jobs lost in 2009 -Immigrants and inequality -Incarceration
-The current coronavirus pandemic has had a disparate impact on people of color -Black prisoners are overrepresented in the US prison population
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-Homelessness -750,000 Americans are homeless on any given night
-People of color, especially Black Americans, are severely underrepresented at the top of the corporate hierarchy
-Poverty rate for Black families is over twice that of white families Of the many COVID-19 cases worldwide, 80% of individuals have mild to moderate flu-like symptoms, 40-45% have no symptoms, and 15-20% have severe or critical symptoms with a high case-fatality rate. At-risk populations for severe symptoms include older adults and individuals with underlying medical conditions. The most prevalent manifestation of COVID-19 is a form of acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and often sudden deaths. The disease also affects minority populations more than white people. Moving forward, the goal is to limit the direct and indirect impact of the pandemic.
-CEO pay -CEOs in 1965 made 24 times more than the average production worker, whereas in 2009 they made 185 times more
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global issues (european union) climate change
digitalization
refugee crisis
The long-term environmental and economic impacts of our current actions are now threatening our society more than ever. The current warming trend is extremely significant, because it is more than 95% probability that it is a result of human activity. The biggest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions are: agriculture (10%), commercial and residential (12%), industry (22%), electricity (27%) and transportation (28%). Some other shocking statistics include:
Evidence from the European Investment Bank (EIB) shows that the European firms currently lag behind in adopting digital technologies. Digitalization in the European Union is slower than in the United States. Only 66% of manufacturing firms in the EU report having adopted at least one digital technology, compared to 78% in the US. European firms are less often fully digital, lacking in the construction sector. The overall digital intensity score for the United States is 33 (ranked fifth in the world) and 27 for the EU (15th in the world).
-Refugees and asylum seekers are people who have fled their home to demonstrate they have a well-founded fear of persecution on the basis of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group
-Since 1980, CO2 in the atmosphere has been increasingly at an accelerated rate. It has exceeded 416 parts per million -This is expected to double over the next 30 years -2019 was the second warmest year on record -NASA data shows the average global temperatures in 2019 were 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the 20th century average -11% of emissions of all global greenhouse gas emissions that are caused by humans are due to deforestation
-800 million people (11% of the world’s population) is currently vulnerable to climate change impacts, such as floods, heat waves, extreme weather events, and sea-level rise
The digitalization of the EU offers tremendous potential for economic growth; if they can double their digital intensity by 2025, Europe can add €2.5 trillion to their Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
-By the end of 2016, nearly 5.2 million refugees and migrants reached Europe shores from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and other countries torn apart by war and persecution -In 2018, more than 138,000 people risked their lives trying to reach Europe by sea -More than 2,000 of them drowned -In 2018, over 58,000 refugees arrived in Spain by land and sea -By the end of 2018, 57% of the 27,000 refugees in Greece lived in urban areas -Most of the 2,700 refugee children in Greece have missed one to four years of school due to conflict in their countries -During 2018, almost 32,400 refugees were submitted by The United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) for resettlement to 20 countries in Europe -In 2019 alone, there were over 27,000 sea arrivals in Italy, Greece, Spain, Cyprus, and Malta
-Coastal “blue carbon” ecosystems are critical -40% of sea arrivals are women and children -800,000 hectares lost every year -If this rate continues, they may disappear within the next century
-In 2019, over 580 individuals were reported dead or missing due to dangerous land and sea journeys
-189 nations have ratified the 2015 Paris Agreement, agreeing to limit global warming and adapt to climate change, partly by protecting nature
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-Nature is an untapped solution -Tropical forests are incredibly effective at storing carbon, providing 1/3 of the mitigation action needed to prevent the worst climate change scenarios
Europe is currently in the midst of a digital transition, driven by consumers and worldwide companies. The EU’s economy is experiencing early impacts of digitalization between productivity growth and digital intensity across sectors. This greatly affects the labor market, for there is a widespread dislocation of workers. New tools are offering new ways of working, meaning workers are needing to be taught new skills. This can mean some workers will be laid off, if they are unable to acquire new skills. An estimated 49-51% of work activities (roughly 21 million jobs) can be replaced by automated technology. Manufacturing, logistics, agriculture, and trade occupations will experience the biggest need for workforce reskilling, and the demand for technological skills, social skills, and emotional skills will grow the most. What Europe is hoping will happen, however, is a great increase in job opportunity and economic growth.
-Refugees and asylum seekers are fleeing persecution and torture
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precedent regenerative design
centre for the built environment, nova scotia community college
project details:
size: 120,000 sq. ft. architect: moriyama & teshima architects building type: education sustainability: leed gold
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location: dartmouth, nova scotia
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precedent regenerative design
centre for the built environment, nova scotia community college
The Centre for the Built Environment (CBE) at Nova Scotia Community College (NSCC) brings together engineering students, faculty, and industry partners in a collaborative and experimental environment. The building is designed as an integrated part of its environment, showcasing sustainable construction practices and technologies as active systems. Some of these sustainable features include: Living walls- On the east side of the building, exterior living walls are placed, filled with 24 plant species and over 7,000 plants. The plants, irrigation system, and location of the wall were developed and/or researched at NSCC. Rainwater collected from the rood is used to irrigate the living wall. There are also two interior living walls to provide cooling, reduce glare, and clean the air inside the building. All the plants on these to walls are hydroponic (they do not require soil). Heating/cooling system- The CBE creates its own geothermal energy to provide 100% of the building’s cooling and 50% of the building’s heating. A geothermal field is located on the south side of the building, containing 36 wells, each of which are 500 ft. deep.
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Water collection- To collect their own water, the CBE has a bioswale to collect storm water run-off . The gently sloped ditch is lined with grass and other plants, allowing water to flow over the sloped soil while the plants filter out contaminants. Excess water settles in retention ponds, slowly seeping back into the local water table. This results in less water entering the city storm sewer system, and the water entering the ground water table is cleaner. Wind turbines- This site has five types of wind turbines, including a hybrid street light (a vertical wind turbine with a solar panel at the top and a battery at the base to store energy from both wind and sun). Green roof- The green roof at the CBE holds 8,000 sq. ft. of plants. This provides insulation for the building, reducing heat costs in the winter and soaking up the sun’s energy during the summer, reducing the need for air conditioning. The plants and soil also reduce the impact of water run-off by absorbing water. Solar energy- There are two types of solar panels found on the site, (standard and bi-facial) both of which are located on the roof. The standard panels absorb sunlight on the face closest to the sun; the bi-facial panels absorb energy from the sun directly, as well as from light that reflects back indirectly from the surrounding environment. m a r k o - f r a n k s
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precedent hybrid design
microcity het platform, the netherlands
project details:
size: 1830 sq. ft. architect: venhoevencs building type: mixed use (apartments, offices, retail) year: 2020
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location: utrecht, netherlands
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precedent climate change
southern oregon climate action now (socan)
The MicroCity at Het Platform in Utrecht, Netherlands is a mixed-use community building for living, working, and playing. It is considered a “MicroCity” because of its mix of functions and location near a public transport hub. The mix of functions creates opportunity to enhance the post-carbon circular economy. Het Platform is constructed on top of the Uithoflijn tram and bus terminal, allowing MicroCity to strongly contribute to the city becoming truly sustainable. The MicroCity is made up of forms that are stacked and staggered in a way that generates a variety of public and outdoor spaces near the Het Platform. This includes an orchard, a semi-open court, a super loggia, a semi-public passage, and an “urban living room” (a sheltered space under a large cantilever made by the eighth floor). The design intent was to create a building that felt like a natural landscape within the city. The MicroCity strengthens its local biodiversity by including a wide variety of plants and trees in its facade planters and four different roof gardens. These roof gardens have proven to be an essential component of the building program.
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These gardens offer views over the station area and the city center. The MicroCity is the first of its scale as a nature-inclusive residential building in the Netherlands. Each living unit has views of outdoor spaces, and the various terraces and gardens are easily accessible by design of the corridors, stairways, and bridges. The overall design invites all kinds of outdoor-living opportunities, as the green areas and terraces are also open to the public.
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site option 1
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site option 2
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site option 3
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site option 4
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local organizations climate change
southern oregon climate action now (socan)
The Southern Oregon Climate Change Now (SOCAN) is a non-profit organization, made up entirely of volunteers. In September of 2012, 70 passionate people gathered for SOCAN’s first meeting, brainstorming possible actions and projects to help mitigate the effects of climate change. SOCAN, today, is an organization that is concerned about the consequences of climate change and the ocean acidification as a result of greenhouse gas emissions. SOCAN hopes to promote awareness and understanding about the science, causes, and consequences of climate change through their programs. Working with individuals and organizations statewide, nationally, and internationally, SOCAN advocates for personal and government actions that reduce the emissions and atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases.
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Since being founded in 2012, SOCAN’s primary focus has been to “(educate themselves) and the public about the current scientifically accepted causes, consequences, and solutions to climate change; the importance of increasing energy efficiency and conservation and promoting renewable energy; and connecting with students at all levels to inform and inspire them” (Kathyconway). SOCAN has done this through courses, programs, and presentations given throughout Oregon, the country, and the world with different partners and volunteers. For their 2020 plan, SOCAN focused on five main categories: Government, Education, Public Outreach, Natural Resources, and Health and Psychological Impacts. By working with city councils, the governor’s office, and reaching out to the chamber of commerce, the Government Group was able to continue with Oregon State Legislation and Ballot Measures to accomplish the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by large polluters in Oregon. The Education Group developed a teacher workshop on climate change to raise funding for presentations given to interested groups and schools. In February of 2020, the Master Climate Protector course was offered (a course to individuals who are outwardly passionate about sharing knowledge on climate change). The Public Outreach Group communicated issues related to climate change to individuals, labor groups, and businesses; they also worked with the Media Corps to print and broadcast media. The Natural Resources Group worked with others to incorporate climate smart strategies into forest management plans to promote healthy resilient forests, as well as the development of a Climate and Fire Summit. This group also focused on collaborating with other organizations to promote water quality and water conservation. Lastly, the Health and Psychological Impacts Group offered monthly Sustaining Climate Activists sessions to address the fatigue, distress, and grief for those engaged in climate action. SOCAN will likely be releasing their plans for 2021 soon. m a r k o - f r a n k s
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local organizations digitalization
digital inclusion network (din)
The Digital Inclusion Network (DIN) was founded in June of 2014 by a small group of stakeholders who wanted to increase the digital inclusion in the Portland community. The DIN created the Digital Equity Action Plan (DEAP) framework to lead a path for public agencies, businesses, and community nonprofits to work in a more efficient way.
Some of DIN’s biggest, and proudest, accomplishments have been as a result of DEAP’s “Earn-A-Computer” program. Within its first year of the program, DEAP gave out 157 computers (which also included access to high-speed internet) to low-income/immigrant/refugee individuals. Of those individuals, 87% are English learners, 54% have no high school diploma/GED, and 95% have a household income of less than $30,000. In their second year, DEAP gave 88 laptops and over 1,000 training hours to individuals, offering training courses in five different languages: Somali, Spanish, Russian, Karen, and English. Of those 88 individuals who received a computer, 42.9% did not have any high school experience, 81.9% were people of color, and 88.7% had a household income of less than $30,000. For their third year of their “Earn-A-Computer” program, DEAP set the goal to give away over 150 computers.
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Since the creation of DEAP in April of 2016, DIN has impacted the lives of many of Portland’s most vulnerable populations (low-income, new immigrants and refugees, people of color, youth, seniors, people with disabilities, and people with limited English proficiency). They have done so by ensuring access to affordable high-speed internet and devices; providing culturally-specific training and support; empowering community partners through funding, coordination, and resource sharing; creating digital economy job opportunities for underrepresented populations; and building a supportive public policy framework. DEAP’s success in helping these vulnerable populations is driven by its five main goals: 1) Access: Ensue access to affordable high-speed internet and devices for those in need; 2) Support and training: Provide training and support to ensure that everyone has the skills to use digital technology to enhance their quality of life; 3) Leadership and capacity building: Empower community partners to bridge the digital divide through funding, coordination, training, and staff resources; 4) Connecting to the digital economy: Create opportunities for jobs in the digital economy for underserved populations; and 5) Policy: Build a policy framework that supports digital and meaningful internet adoption, leading to better community outcomes (“Digital Inclusion Network”).
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local organizations racism
don’t shoot portland
Don’t Shoot Portland (Don’t Shoot PDX) is a Black-led human rights nonprofit that advocates for accountability. Founded in 2014, Don’t Shoot PDX has implemented art, education, and civic participation within their programming to create social change. Their lead workshops to support the outreach of their continued advocacy as first respondents, and they have helped community members contribute through direct engagement legislative value.
Don’t Shoot PDX’s current project is “Safer Space for Black Lives Matter”. This project focuses on the experiences, historically speaking, that people of color across America have faced because of insidious racial discrimination characterized by trauma and violence. As reported by Mental Health America (MHA), 16% of America’s total Black and African American population (over 7 million people) have experienced a mental illness in the past year. Although these numbers are significant and continue to grow, only about one in three Black or African American adults receive mental health care. Because of this, Safer Space for BLM was created, due to the desperate need for mental health support for those who identify as BIPOC, as well as those engaged with the BLM movement. The goals of Safer Space for BLM are to: 1 ) Uplift the BIPOC community through mental health advocacy; 2) Improve accessibility to mental health support during the BLM movement; and 3) Build resilience in community members to contribute direct action that advances the BLM Movement (Don’t Shoot Portland). To help individuals receive peer-to-peer support, Safer Space for BLM will offer a physical meeting space where one can meet with a licensed professional to help with symptoms of emotional distress experienced by the Black community. In light of COVID-19, Safer Space for BLM will also offer telehealth for virtual calls. Safer Space for BLM hopes to offer mutual aid on-site during protests by facilitating a Mental Health Safer Space Tent in the near future.
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Through many projects, Don’t Shoot PDX has advocated for individuals who identify as Black, Indigenous, and People of color (BIPOC). Don’t Shoot PDX has organized George Floyd protests, and they later filed a lawsuit against the city of Portland alleging the police used tear gas and excessive force indiscriminately on the group during the protests. Don’t Shoot PDX has also created the “Community Clothing Tree” (a clothing drive) in direct response to the ever-growing need for clothing, non-perishable food items, and toiletries in various communities.
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local organizations refugee crisis
portland refugee support group (prsg)
The Portland Refugee Support Group (PRSG) is a secular, volunteer-run nonprofit organization. Since being founded in 2016, PRSG has helped over 90 refugee families (over 370 individuals of different ethnicities) throughout the Portland area, Salem, OR, and Vancouver, WA. PRSG empowers refugees to become independent and effective members of society through education, psycho-social support, and life skills training.
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The focus of PRSG is on four major components: 1) Adult and child education, including tutoring and assistance with school work; 2) Community education about refugees through lectures, panels, media, etc.; 3) Psycho-social support through social events to form community connections and to build social capital, and through referrals for personalized counseling and mental health care; and 4) Life skills training to increase refugees’ confidence and their ability to care for themselves, their family members, and their homes (Portland Refugee Support Group). PRSG has six main programs to ensure their four focuses are met. These programs include: “Project Untangled”: Community Wellness Program, Tutoring Program, College Prep Program, In-Kind Donations Program, Camp SILHA for the Youth, and Bake Sales. “Project Untangled” was designed to tend to the mental health needs of traumatized populations, including refugees and survivors of natural disasters, wars, and interpersonal violence. This program works to help refugees improve their present and future by expressing their feelings from trauma through art, fun activities, and discussions. The Tutoring Program offers tutoring sessions to refugees, families and individuals, adults and children, once per week. The program focuses on teaching English and also helps children with schoolwork. The tutoring is within a group setting, allowing families to improve their confidence in their use of English while also integrating them with others to help build connections and a sense of community. The College Prep Program is offered to high school refugee students applying to colleges. Students work in small groups with a tutor, focusing on improving their ACT scores and essay writing skills. The In-Kind Donations Program has PRSG volunteers deliver donation packages to refugee families every month, including various essential needs, such as toiletries, cleaning supplies, etc. Families are given donations as long as they need, until they are self sufficient. Camp SILAH for the Youth is a summer camp for children aged 8-18. This camp blends refugee children with non-refugee children (about 25-30 refugees and 50-60 non-refugees) to give refugee children a sense of belonging in their community. Lastly, PRSG has bake sales every other month, stocked with baked goods made by refugee women. All the proceeds of these bake sales go to the refugee bakers. m a r k o - f r a n k s
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patterns & surrounding neighborhood
patterns in existing neighborhood
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-south facing outdoors -identifiable neighborhood -web of public transportation -web of shopping -access to water -network of paths and cars -bike paths and racks -accessible green
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patterns & surrounding neighborhood
patterns in existing neighborhood
-public outdoor room -shielded parking -activity pockets -intimacy gradient -indoor sunlight -flexible office spaces -small work groups -reception welcomes you -pools of light
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-south facing outdoors -identifiable neighborhood -web of public transportation -web of shopping -access to water -network of paths and cars -bike paths and racks -accessible green
patterns (to consider) in design
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design intent
project goals educate
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-local organizations hold public events -(socan, din, & don’t shoot pdx) -classroom space for prsg
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design intent
project goals educate -local organizations hold public events -(socan, din, & don’t shoot pdx) -classroom space for prsg connect
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-safe space for bipoc -blend socioeconomic gap (din) -restaurants & retail made/sold by refugees & bipoc -flex space/office rental space for other organizations & businesses -lab space for art, architecture, & photography -gallery space to display art, architecture, & photography exhibits revolving around global issues
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design intent
project goals educate -local organizations hold public events -(socan, din, & don’t shoot pdx) -classroom space for prsg connect -safe space for bipoc -blend socioeconomic gap (din) -restaurants & retail made/sold by refugees & bipoc -flex space/office rental space for other organizations & businesses -lab space for art, architecture, & photography -gallery space to display art, architecture, & photography exhibits revolving around global issues
-design sustainably: iimplement environmental control systems (ecs) -technology labs for teaching (din) -lab space for each global issue to research -help center for refugees and displaced people to find jobs & housing
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build for future
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design intent
early sketch key points
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-southern light -keep southern most corner for green space -possibility for sunlight to adjacent building -form allows for more “corner” offices/apartment units -no privacy gradient
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part ii - design
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education
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connection
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node | /nōd/
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a point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central or connecting point.
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2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
symmetry
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
node form
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
node
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
node form
shift
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
node
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
node form
shift
stack
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
node
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
node form
shift
stack
group
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
node
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
destination
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
site axon
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
site plan
25
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
50
100
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
basement
UP
UP
UP
UP
UP
d e s i g n
UP
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
ground floor
DN DN UP
DN UP
DN
UP
UP
UP
UP
d e s i g n
DN
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
second floor
DN UP
DN UP
DN UP DN
UP
UP
DN
UP
d e s i g n
DN
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
third floor
DN UP
DN UP
DN
UP DN
UP
UP
DN
UP
d e s i g n
DN
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
fourth floor
DN
DN UP
DN
DN
UP
UP
DN
UP
d e s i g n
DN
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
fifth floor
DN
DN
DN
d e s i g n
DN
10
20
50
p a r t
i i
5
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
north | south section
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
east | west section
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
environmental control systems (ecs)
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
water collection and filtration
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
full structure
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
basement structure
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
ground floor structure
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
second floor structure
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
third floor structure
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
ve l3 eL27 '- 0"
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
fourth floor structure
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
ve l3 " eL27 -' 0
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
fifth floor structure
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
ve l3 " eL27 -' 0
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
sixth floor structure
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
ve l3 " eL27 -' 0
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
egress | circulation
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
first floor
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
exterior
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
interior atrium
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
exterior cafe
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
laboratory
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
rooftop terrace
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s
p a r t
i i
d e s i g n
gallery
m a r k o - f r a n k s
|
n e i s
|
2 0 2 1 t h e s i s