Research in Personal Care by Abcam

Research in Personal Care Tackling key challenges in the life sciences with advanced biological tools

Contents

Aging......................................................................................................................... 2 Allergy & Inflammation �� 5 Endocrine Disruption �� 8 Genotoxicity........................................................................................................... 10 Irritation & Corrosion �� 12 Carcinogenesis �� 14 Toxicity Testing �� 16 What roles do R&D playing in the Cosmetic Industry? �� 17

Aging Two dandelions next to one whole and beautiful second flown around and naked. Concept of comparing old age and youth

| Research in personal care | Aging

Personal care

Aging Aging is considered as a snowballing phenotype of the accumulation of damaged dysfunctional or toxic proteins and silent mutations (polymorphisms) that sensitize relevant proteins to oxidative damage as inborn predispositions to age-related diseases. Aging is not a disease, but it causes (or shares common cause with) age-related diseases as suggested by similar slopes of age-related increase in the incidence of diseases and death.

Cellular processes that play a critical role in the aging process includes: – Collagenases & Gelatinases Collagenases (Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13) and gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) break down skin collagens, contributing to aging and wrinkling. – Proteases Cathepsins, Granzymes and Elastases are involved in regulatory mechanisms in human skin and act as biomarkers for decreased skin elasticity due to UV exposure in photoaged human skin. – Cell Proliferation Assess impact of changes in proliferation on signs of aging – Oxidative Stress Oxidative stress in response to aging and environmental stimuli can lead to tissue damage. Analysis of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels can provide an indication of the effectiveness of cosmetic and cosmeceutical formulations. – Cell Senescence Cellular senescence is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest driven by a variety of mechanisms, including telomere shortening, other forms of genotoxic stress, or mitogens or inflammatory cytokines, that culminate in the activation of the p53 tumor suppressor and/or the cyclindependent kinase inhibitor p16.

Recommended readings Application of antibody markers for skin aging M. Bertolini et al., Theophylline exerts complex anti‐ageing and anti‐cytotoxicity effects in human skin ex vivo, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 42:79–88 (2020) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ics.12589

Aging (continued) Aging is considered as a snowballing phenotype of the accumulation of damaged dysfunctional or toxic proteins and silent mutations (polymorphisms) that sensitize relevant proteins to oxidative damage as inborn predispositions to age-related diseases. Aging is not a disease, but it causes (or shares common cause with) age-related diseases as suggested by similar slopes of age-related increase in the incidence of diseases and death.Â

| Research in personal care | Aging

Personal care

Highlighted products Sandwich ELISA kits Product

Species reactivity

Sample type

Sensitivity

Cat. no.

MMP-1

Human

Cell culture supernatant, Serum, Cell culture extracts, Hep Plasma, Cit plasma

19.64 pg/ml

ab215083

MMP-2

Human

Cell culture supernatant, Serum, Hep Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Cit plasma

56.64 pg/ml

ab267813

MMP-8

Human

Saliva, Serum, Hep Plasma, EDTA Plasma, Cit plasma

19.5 pg/ml

ab219050

MMP-9

Human

Cell culture supernatant, Saliva, Serum, Cell culture extracts, Tissue Extracts, Hep Plasma

22.17 pg/ml

ab246539

Antibodies Product

Species reactivity

Applications

Cat. no.

Cathepsin K [EPR19992] - BSA and Azide free / recombinant

Human

WB, IHC-P

ab223140

Cathepsin B [EPR21033] - BSA and Azide free / recombinant

Mouse, Rat

WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, Flow Cyt

ab227811

Elastase [CELA3B/1218] - BSA and Azide free

Human

ab212377

Granzyme B [EPR22645-206] / recombinant

Mouse, Human

WB, IHC-P, IHC-Fr, IP

ab255598

Product

Detection

Sample type

Cat. no.

BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit

Colorimetric

Adherent cells, Suspension cells

ab126556

Cellular ROS Assay Kit

Fluorescent

Adherent cells, Suspension cells

ab113851

Senescence Detection Kit

Colorimetric

Tissue, Adherent cells

ab65351

Other Kits

Recommended readings Citation highlights for ab113851 Coelho, C.C., Grenho, L., Gomes, P.S. et al. Nano-hydroxyapatite in oral care cosmetics: characterization and cytotoxicity assessment. Sci Rep 9, 11050 (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47491-z

| Research in personal care |

Allergy & Inflammation Doctor testing allergy reaction of patient in hospital

| Research in personal care | Allergy & Inflammation

Personal care

Allergy & Inflammation Control of pro-inflammatory cytokines is critical to prevent cytotoxic effects on skin cells.

Antigen (Allergen)

Epithelium basement membrance

Mast cell activation

APC Antigen (Allergen) MHCII TCR

IgE production

IgE

FcεRI

CD4 MC

IL-4

TH2 cell

Ca+2

B cell

Histamine, PAF, PGs, LTs

IgE

Release of Tryptase

INFg Degranulation IL-4, IL-5, IL-6

Increase thickening of Asthma in patient

IL-3, IL-4

GM-CSF, TNFa, IL-8, IL-9 Allergic inflammation

Chemoattractive pathway

Inflammatory pathway

Product

Cat. no.

Product

Cat. no.

CCL11

ab185985

IL-1β

ab46052

IP-10

ab173194

IL-6

ab178013

MIP-1β

ab216173

IL-17A

ab216167

RANTES

ab174446

IL-17F

ab119537

MCP-1

ab179886

MCP-4

ab239426

Effector pathway Product

Cat. no.

Granzyme B

ab235635

IFN-y

ab236895

Product

Cat. no.

MIP-1α

ab214569

IL-4

ab215089

Perforin

ab46068

IL-10

ab185986

TNF-α

ab181421

IL-13

ab178014

TNF-β

ab229202

IL-22

ab216170

TGF-β1

ab100647

sCD137

ab229892

sCD40L

ab196268

Regulatory pathway

| Research in personal care | Allergy & Inflammation

Personal care

Allergy & Inflammation (continued) Control of pro-inflammatory cytokines is critical to prevent cytotoxic effects on skin cells.

Stimulatory pathway

Allergens

Product

Cat. no.

Product

Cat. no.

GM-CSF

ab174448

HSP70

ab181606

IL-2

ab174444

IL-9

ab242237

IL-5

ab215536

MCP1

ab151538

IL-7

ab185984

Milk: CD54RO

ab755

IL-8

ab214030

Peanuts: CD25

ab210335

IL-9

ab242237

Peanuts: CD127

ab240225

IL-12

ab46037

Peanuts: Foxp3

ab215206

IL-15

ab218266

YM1 and YM2

ab192029

IL-21

ab119542

Histamine receptors Product

Cat. no.

H1R

ab223655

H2R

ab108540

H3R

ab188972

H4R

ab97487

Mast cell

Product

Cat. no.

CCR3

ab32512

CD23

ab254162

CD63

ab217345

CD88

ab252435

CD117

ab32363

LTC4

ab91507

MITF

ab232415

MRGPRX2

ab237047

Endocrine Disruption Active thyroid gland under microscope view

| Research in personal care | Endocrine Disruption

Personal care

Endocrine Disruption The endocrine system is a system of ductless glands that release chemicals (hormones) into the blood to regulate body functions. A hormone is a chemical messenger that is transported via the bloodstream to act on distant target cells. Hormones are specific and will only activate cells or tissues that possess the appropriate target receptor. The endocrine system is slower to initiate, but has a more prolonged response when compared to the nervous system.

Endocrine System

Pineal Gland

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Thymus Gland

Adrenal Glands Pancreas Ovary Glands Testis

Gland

Hormone

Target Oragn

Function

Research target

Related products

Cat. no.

Pineal gland

Melatonin

Many

Biological clock

Adrenergic receptors/ dopamine D4 receptor Melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2), melatonin

Melatonin ELISA Kit

ab213978

Anti-Dopamine antibody

ab6427

Anti-Melatonin Receptor 1B/MTNR1B antibody Extracellular domain

ab219615

Pituitary gland

FSH/LH, ADH, growth hormone, oxytocin, prolactin

Many, including ovaries, kidneys, uterus, breast tissue.

Menstrual cycle, osmoregulation, growth & division, birth contractions, milk production

ACTH, LH/FSH, TSH, PRL, GH. CD31, CD34, VEGF

Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ELISA Kit (TSH)

ab100660

Thyroid gland

Thyroxin

Liver

Metabolic rate

T3, T4, calcitonin

Liothyronine sodium, Thyroid hormone (T3) analog

ab145834

Adrenal glands

Adrenaline, cortisol

Many

Fight or flight (Adrenaline) Anti-stress (Cortisol)

Adrenaline, Aldosterone, cortisol

Human ACTH ELISA Kit (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

ab267814

Cortisol ELISA Kit

ab108665

Pancreas

Insulin/glucagon

Liver

Blood sugar levels

Secretin, CCK, TRKC (NTRK3)

Recombinant Human Secretin/SCT protein

ab123762

Ovaries

Estrogen/ progesterone

Uterus

Menstrual cycle

Progesterone, estrogen, HCG

Human Progesterone ELISA Kit

ab108670

Testes

Testosterone

Many

Male characteristics

Testosterone, AMH, Insl3, androgen receptor

Testosterone ELISA Kit

ab108666

Genotoxicity Fluorescent Imaging IF of cancer cells growing in 2D with nuclei in blue, cytoplasm in red and DNA damage foci in green

| Research in personal care | Genotoxicity

Personal care

Genotoxicity Genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, whereas not all genotoxic substances are mutagenic.

DNA damage DNA/RNA damage

DNA fragmentation

ATM, ATR, ATRIP, Cdc25a, Cdc25b, Cdc25c, Chk1, Chk2, DDB1, DDB2, Fen1, H2AX, Ku70, Ku80, Mre11, Nbs1, PCNA, POLD1/2/3/4, POLE3, POLK Rad51, RFC2/3/4/5, RPA1/2/3/4, oh8dG, oh8G

PLK1, PARP, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, 53bp1, DFF40, AIF, Endo G Lamin-B2, Lamin-B1, Lamin-A, Rb, DNAPK, CAD

Highlighted products Product

Cat. no.

Product

Cat. no.

Apoptosis and DNA Damage (H2A.X(S139) + cleaved PARP1 + Anti-GAPDH) Western Blot Cocktail

ab131385

DNA Damage Assay Kit (AP sites, Colorimetric)

ab211154

Apoptosis DNA Ladder Assay Kit

ab66090

DNA Damage Kinases Panel (ATM, ATM pS1981, ATR, ATR pS428, DNA-PKcs, DNA-PKcs pS2056)

ab103970

Comet Assay Kit (3-well slides)

ab238544

Gene deregulation (Epigenetics) Acetylation

SUMOylation

ESA1, Tip60, p300, Hat1, Esa1, ATF2, Gcn5, Hpa2, PCAF, SRC1, Elp3, Sas2, Sas3, Spt10, Hpa2,Gcn15

Ubc9

Methylation

Ubiquitinylation

Ezh2, PRMT1/6, PRMT5/7, CARM1, MLL, Suv39h, G9a, SETDB1, Dot1

Ring2, UbcH6, Rad6

Phosphorylation MSK1, ATR, ATM, DNA-PK, Bub1, VprBP, WSTF, Mst1, AMPK, Aurora B kinase, MSK2, IKK-alpha, JAK2, PKC, CK2

Highlighted products

Product

Cat. no.

Product

Cat. no.

Anti-ATR antibody - ChIP Grade

ab2905

Anti-PRMT1 antibody [EPR18344]

ab190892

Anti-ATM antibody [Y170]

ab32420

Anti-PRMT5 antibody [EPR5772]

ab109451

Anti-Aurora B antibody [EP1009Y]

ab45145

Anti-Rad6 antibody

ab31917

Anti-KAT1 / HAT1 antibody [EPR18661]

ab193097

Anti-RING2 / RING1B / RNF2 antibody [EPR12245]

ab181140

Anti-KAT2B / PCAF antibody [EPR2670(N)]

ab176316

Anti-UBCH6/UBE2E1 antibody

ab254612

Anti-KAT13A / SRC1 antibody - ChIP Grade

ab2859

Anti-UBE2I / UBC9 antibody [EP2938Y]

ab75854

Irritation & Corrosion Chemical and cellular factors involved in the inflammatory response to tissue damage and repair. White blood cells clumping.

| Research in personal care | Irritation & Corrosion

Personal care

Irritation & Corrosion Corrosive substances irreversibly damage the skin, while irritant substances lead to a reversible local inflammatory reaction.

Apoptosis & Necrosis

Prostaglandins & other Eicosanoids

P53, NFkB, FoxO1, c-jun, JNK, Erk, PKC, Caspase 3, Caspase 6, Caspase 7, Caspase 9, ASK1, RIP, BCL2, BAX, Apaf-1, TLR, TRIF, MyD88, TAK1, TAB1, TAB2, TAB3, IKK-gama,P65, IL-1beta, Caspase 4, Caspase 5, Caspase 11, RIP3, RIP, A/20TNFAIP3, MLKL, FADD, TBK1/NAK, TNFR BID

Cox1, Cox2, Lukotriene, Thromboxane, Prostacyclin, PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, PGI2, HPETE, HETE

Highlighted products

Product

Cat. no.

15(S)-HpETE, Prostacyclin synthase inhibitor

ab141655

Anti-Caspase-3 antibody

ab13847

Anti-Caspase-6/CASP-6 antibody [EPR4405]

ab108335

Anti-COX1 / Cyclooxygenase 1 antibody [EPR5866]

ab109025

Anti-COX2 / Cyclooxygenase 2 antibody [EPR12012]

ab179800

Apoptosis/ Necrosis Assay Kit (blue, green, red)

ab176749

Carcinogenesis Cancer cells stained with dyes specific to different protein

| Research in personal care | Carcinogenesis

Personal care

Carcinogenesis Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division.

Skin biomarkers Caspase markers

Melanoma markers

FADD, caspase-8, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9

MCAM, p21, CDK4, BRAF, CDK4, Fyn, KIT, LKB1 (STK11), PKC alpha, PKR (PRKR), TRK alpha (NTRK1)

Collagen markers

Others

PICP, CITP, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9

LOXL4, MART, HSP HDAC, MMP, p53, SIRT, S100, DIABLO, Glutathione, CD44

Cytokeratin markers Keratin, Pan-keratin

Highlighted products

Product

Cat. no.

Anti-Melanoma gp100 antibody [EP4863(2)]

ab137078

Anti-MelanA antibody [EPR20380]

ab210546

Anti-Osteopontin antibody [EPR21139-316] / Recombinant

ab214050

Anti-p53 antibody [E26] / Recombinant

ab32389

Tyrosinase Activity Assay Kit (Colorimetric)

ab252899

Toxicity Testing Scientist using pipette drop reagent for blood chemical analysis.

| Research in personal care | Toxicity Testing

Personal care

Toxicity Testing Toxicity assessment determines whether a drug or compound induces inflammatory or cytotoxic processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and oxidative stress.

Apopotosis/Necrosis

Cytotoxcity

Cytochrome c release, cleaved PARP, Bax/ Bcl-2, RIP1, RIP 3, BNIP 3, etc

Crystal violet, MTT, Glucose, Acid Phosphatase, Neutral red, LDHe, cell proliferation

Autophagy

Others

Cathepsin-D, Cathepsin-B, Atg, mTOR, ULK1, PI3K class III

LOXL4, MART, HSP HDAC, MMP, p53, SIRT, S100, DIABLO, Glutathione, CD44

Caspase markers FADD, caspase-8, cytochrome c, caspase-3, caspase-9

Highlighted products

Product

Cat. no.

Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Staining / Detection Kit

ab14085

Apoptosis/ Necrosis Assay Kit (blue, green, red)

ab176749

Autophagy Assay Kit

ab139484

Chromatin Condensation Assay Kit

ab139479

Crystal violet Assay Kit (Cell viability)

ab232855

MTT Assay Kit (Cell Proliferation)

ab211091

Resazurin Assay Kit (Cell Viability)

ab129732

What roles do R&D playing in the Cosmetic Industry? The cosmetics industry is in boom today. According to a report, the market of global cosmetics products was valued at around USD 532 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach USD 863 billion approximately in 2024. Structured and purposeful research and development could allow the cosmetics industry to develop new and improved products for meeting the latest market demand: – To harmonize with the biology of different hair, skin, teeth etc. – To suffice the dermatological characteristics of people – Improve product performance – Make them safer to use – Match consumers ever-changing expectations – Fulfil beauty aspirations – And more…

References: https://www.ambujasolvex.com/blog/importance-of-research-and-development-for-the-cosmetic-industry/

| Research in personal care | AU: au.technical@abcam.com NZ: nz.technical@abcam.com SG: sg.technical@abcam.com Other Asia Pacific countries: hk.technical@abcam.com