COLOR THEORY
ANTONELLA BERNAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
ME + COLOR CULTURE + COLOR THEORY + COLOR DESIGNERS + COLOR PERCEPTION + COLOR FILM + COLOR BALANCE + COLOR RETAIL + COLOR RENDERING + COLOR HOSPITALITY + COLOR WORKPLACE + COLOR
M1
ME + COLOR
ABOUT ME BIRTHPLACE: Caracas, Venezuela. BIRTHDATE : March 19, 1989. Making me a Pisces! BACKGROUND: Hispanic with Italian decent. My Grandfather on my mother’s side was born in Campobasso, Italy. A small beautiful town 3 hours to the south of Rome.
Major: Interior Architecture Degrees /Affiliations: AA/AS Interior Design
LANGUAGES: Spanish and English. Currently using Duo lingo to learn Italian to be able to communicate better with family members in Italy. PLACES I’VE LIVED: My hometown Caracas until I was 12, moved to Miami 17 years ago but lived temporarily in North Carolina for 1 year in a very small town named Havelock.
WHY STUDY DESIGN? I was always drawn to all artistic aspects in life. But when I first enrolled in college I had my mind set in biology or anything medicine related, I truly did loved it once. As time went by I realized I did not wanted to pursue a career where I couldn’t be creative and explore the arts in all forms. I always found myself admiring the architecture and interiors when traveling. Specially those old historic building and palaces. Knowing that something we create today could go on to exits for ages, it’s a very rewarding feeling. What could be better than contributing to our history. In my opinion history allows us to connect and comprehend design on a different level. It expands our point of views, helps us see things on a different perspective, it makes us better designers.
HOBBIES Because I attend to school and work full time, I get very little free time too indulge in hobbies. But the following are some of my favorites: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Traveling – It enriches my soul Visiting museums and aquariums Photography – Love capturing moments and places Baking – Although only successful when using recipes Reading – It relaxes me. Is an escape from reality Watching movies – Netflix fan Shopping Lego building Puzzles Crosswords
TRAVEL
M2
CULTURE + COLOR
VENEZUELA ITALY
VENEZUELA
My CULTURE and country is Venezuela. I was born and raised in Caracas; the Capital, and lived there until I was 12. Venezuela is consider one of the riches countries for its natural resources. It was once the home for many immigrants: Germans, Italians, Portuguese, Chinese and Colombians. It was first colonized by the Spaniards, so this is reflected on some of its old architecture. Like most countries our most memorable colors are the colors of our flag, Yellow, blue and red. We grow up admiring these colors and their meanings. The most powerful tradition the I can remember was having the whole family together for Christmas eve ad New years. Eating our traditional Venezuelan holiday plates prepared by grandma with the help of the kids. These plates require a great amount of work and it took a couple of days to prepare. We still find a way to embrace these traditions today, my mom and uncle have taken overthe task ofpreparing these plates and we still get together for dinner on Christmas eve and new years. Not all the family lives in the US, part of them are still living in Venezuela, so we skype with them while having dinner to not feel the absence.
YELLOW
Represents the riches of the country, the wealth of Venezuela soil, gold, sovereignty, harmony, justice, and agriculture, as well as the sun, the source flight.
BLUE
Represents the sea of the Caribbean that surrounds the country, as well as the Venezuelan beautiful beaches.
RED
Represents the spilled blood in the battle of independence from Spain
WHITE
This color is represent by the seven stars placed centered on the middle blue band. These stars represent the provinces of Venezuela that supported the revolution.
ITALY
FLAME SCARLET
Represents the blood spilt in the wars of Italian Independence and Unifications.
BRIGHT WHITE
Represents the snowcapped Alps.
FERN GREEN
Represents the country’s plain and hills. Also, Hope.
A more religious interpretation is that the green represents hope, the white represents faith, and the red represents charity
I have chosen Italy to learn about their culture because my grandfather was born in a small town named Campobasso 3 hrs. to the south of Rome. I was able to travel to Italy for the first time last December to visit family. I spent 3 days in Rome and found the city to be absolutely captivating. From its lively people and history, to its small streets and beautiful architecture. I also had the opportunity to visit Napoli, Pompeii and the Amalfi coast. I noticed that most of the buildings in the cities like Rome and Napoli, were painted in warm hues; Orange, brick tones, pinks. others were painted stone grey. But overall these were very subtle tones. While the structures on the coast were painted with much brighter colors. Illumination at night was key point to showcase the most important architectures, the lighting used was mainly warm. I found this technique to be very successful, the city and the coast truly looked beautiful at night. The view we get of these structures while walking the streets at night was an outstanding experience.
M3
THEORY + COLOR
Theory explains the concepts and ideas involved in describing and rationalizing phenomena about a particular subject. Theories, for the most part, are unproven and continue to be studied to provide additional insight into the particular subject
WHAT IS COLOR THEORY?
Color theory is the study and practice of principles used to understand the relationships among colors. Color theory has been studied for decades and new ideas and practices are continuously unraveled. The role color plays in art, design and other allied professions is important to using color successfully. A Certain amount of knowledge in the specific aspects of color is necessary, however, from a design perspective; we are engaged in the human interface involving the way people respond to color.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪ Hue, value, and Chroma are the three dimensions of color. ▪ Additive color theory applies to combining the three primaries of light – red, blue, and green. ▪ Subtractive color theory applies to combing the three primaries of pigment – red, blue, and yellow. ▪ A variety of color systems are available to designers. No single solution is used in the interior design industry; rather, each system offers its own contribution to learning about and working with color.
M4
DESIGNERS + COLOR
LUIS BARRAGAN
Luis Barragan (1902 – 1988) Born in Guadalajara , Mexico. An architect and engineer graduated from Escuela Libre de Ingenieros in 1923. His work was often referred to as minimalist but he was certaintly not afraid of color. In fact he liked color in huge expanses and interesting patterns, all juxtaposed with shifting angles and light. He was a man of magenta and cobalt blue, adobe walls, lattices of warm summer yellow, sunset pink alcoves, all on a grand architectural scale. His vivid sensuous color, space and utilization of light was a bold mix of Mexican and European style born of his well traveled life.
“I underline the study of color above all.” Luis Barragan
It was built in 1948 in the suburbs of Mexico City. The house consisted of a ground floor. Two upper floors and a small garden.
CASA BARRAGAN
The house owes it’s singularity to being a personal and unique reflection of it’s designer. The most prominent aspects of the design of Casa Barragan are the use of flat planes and light, both natural and artificial
ENTRANCE HALL The entrance hall works as a waiting area, and at the same time, as a space that prepares the senses. Sight, smell, touch, and hearing are placed in a state of expectancy caused by the direct impact of a precise palette of materials, short on variation, yet generous to the senses: wood, stone, and whitewashed walls.
VESTIBULE A high ceiling, whitewashed walls, yellow light onto a volcanic stone floor and one of the walls painted fuchsia. This entrance hall works as a waiting area, and at the same time, as a space that prepares the senses. Sight, smell, touch, and hearing are placed in a state of expectancy caused by the direct impact of a precise palette of materials.
COURTYARD The roof terrace has high walls of blood red, dark brownish gray and white, with the floors in red ceramic tiles. The walls have the effect of framing the sky as well as hiding the chimney. It serves as a small lookout point, overlooking the patio, observatory, chapel and garden.
M5
PERCEPTION + COLOR
PERCEPTION + BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE
Color is emotionally subjective. Factors that drive interior designers in color selection include trends, styles, and aesthetic; behavior and emotions; symbolic meaning based on age, gender, and cultural differences; pragmatic value – what the space needs to work well; and personal preference. One approaches the study of color, whether quantitatively or intuitively, success as in interior designer depends on one’s choice and expression.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪ Explain how color relates and changes under varying conditions in interior spaces. ▪ Describe how color, contrast, and light can be applied in interiors to assist individuals with decreased vision. ▪ Explain the three key concepts of colors Perception. ▪ Develop the seven types of color contrasts in design projects. ▪ Understand the influence of history and culture on color trends and color forecasting.
M6
FILM + COLOR
A SPIKE JONZE LOVE STORY
SUMMARY The movie is set in Los Angeles in a near future. Theodore Twombly; the main character, works for a company composing personal, emotional, heart felt love letters. He is in the process of a getting a divorce, his wife left him for his inability to really show his emotions. He doesn’t live a very exciting life, when he’s not at work, he’s at home playing video games and sometimes out with his friends. He lives a pretty lonely life. But all of that changes once he decides to acquired a new operating system (OS). His new OS is named Samantha, he liked her from the start. She has a very pleasant voice, is a good listener, gives out good advices and her main function is to satisfied all his needs. Through time they develop a romantic relationship but encounter a variety of problem because the reality is that she is not human. Theodore wears bright
yellow and
red,
shirts throughout the film to communicate his emotional states.
“Play a melancholy song”
RED Passion + Compassion + Loneliness + Hopefulness
Red is the predominant color in the movie. Theodore wears red, orange and pink clothing items throughout the duration of the film. It seemed to fit his temperament. In Some scenes its even used to make him stand out in the crowd. To signal that he hasn't quite found his way amongst his peers, who are all dressed in more subdued colors. Through his flashback we noticed that he started wearing red tones after his separation, just like Amy, his best friend, in the beginning of the film she wore more blues and greens but change to red after her split from her husband. Even the movie is set to be futuristic it revolves around warm colors, setting an inviting feel. We can also spot red adapted in the lighting, accent objects at his office and apartment and in the architecture as well. Red its used in almost every frame of the movie.
“The heart is not like a box that gets filled up- it expands in size the more you love �
YELLOW Insecurities + Uncertainties + Hesitation
The couple of times Theodore wore yellow in the film, the scenes involved Theodore's relationships with a blind date and Samantha. We can see it representing Theodor's insecurities hesitation and uncertainties. In the scenes with the blind date he appeared to be having fun while having dinner but afterwards when she expressed her interest for something more serious he was unable to give her an answer, he hesitated and became insecure of what he wanted. We can relate this scenario with two scenes involving his relation with Samantha. The first one he appeared happy while introducing his goddaughter to Samantha and the second one is when he finds out Samantha has been talking to over eight thousand other people and OSes and is in fact in love with 641 of those. Throughout this entire scene he is confused, uncertain and questions his entire relationship with Samantha.
“I'm yours and I’m not yours. You're mine and you’re not mine”
WHITE Reflection + Acceptance
The scenes Theodore wore the most white was right after the meeting with his ex wife, where they signed their divorce papers. It projected he was finally coming to terms with the fact his marriage was over. He was accepting his new life. He was also seen wearing white while having the conversation with Samantha about ending their relationship. Again it showed him reflecting about the relationship and accepting Samantha’s goodbye.
“We are only here briefly and in this moment I want to allow Myself JOY �
M7
BALANCE + COLOR
BALANCE refers to the relationship of different hues to one another when each is perceived to be equal in perceived visual weight.
WHAT IS COLOR BALANCE?
Balance is striving to achieve the point of equilibrium between two or more forces. Balance is a means whereby harmony, peace, and connection can be made between the observer and that which is observed. This visual process is innately intuitive, however, a series of steps can be used to ensure a finished interior space that incorporates a balance of colors. The spatial context of the color used can vary depending on the size of the space, lighting both natural and artificial, influences from and interactions with other colors, textures, and the physical orientation of the architectural space.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ▪ Explain how color can be used to create three types of balance; symmetric, asymmetric, and radial ▪ Demonstrate color balance through value contrast, balance between hues, intensity contrast, and size of the color area. ▪ Recall that cool colors appear heavier in visual weight than do warm colors. ▪ Apply color to interior elements to visually alter the perception of space, and in turn, achieve necessary balance of space and volume.
M8
RETAIL + COLOR
MIU MIU AOYAMA, TOKYO
CONTRAST OF HUE The contrast of hue is instantly found through out the furnishing, displays and partitions. The intricate green upholstered seating and covered partitions add a soft touch to the hard edges of the interior. As well as the red fabric covered displays placed against the textured copper wall.
CONTRAST OF VALUE A warm gray industrial floor displays a subtle pattern that adds interest without attracting too much attention. Creating a harmonious contrast against the warm hues of the sofas, chairs and partition walls. The flooring is composed of oak tiles that are infilled with a gray urethane resin containing rubber granulates, and it is oiled and stained black. Light is strategically place to emphasize merchandise and mirrors.
"The architecture is heterogeneous – a hodgepodge of freestanding buildings of different heights and shapes, with neither historical tradition nor common standards.“
DESIGN FEATURE The contrast in design can be seen in the exterior façade of the store which is composed of an opaque cold metallic surface with sharp edges that meet the warm soft cooper edges of the surface inside. This warm feeling continues to show in the interior of the store with the composition of its warm color palette.
CONTRAST OF TEXTURE Different textures are spotted through out this particular corner, and each texture has a different hue. The green and red patterned fabrics are in contrast with the subtle black and grey flooring and the white fur coat. While its textured copper walls are in contrast with the clear displays and the edge lit circle mirror. All these textures and muted and matte hues create a comfortable and inviting feeling.
FOCAL POINT The set of stairs, located in the very center of the store, become a focal point in the space. Made out of glass and polished cooper railing, while steps and risers are covered in the same black and warm gray flooring used through out the store. The location, scale and transparency of its main material is what sets this element apart from the rest within room.
M9
RENDERING + COLOR
COLOR PALETTES
COLOR PALLETES
ACCENT 1
SECONDARY
ACCENT 1
ACCENT 3
ACCENT 2
M10
HOSPITALITY + COLOR
ONE HOTEL MIAMI BEACH
HOTEL LOBBY The whole lobby has an innovative and relax feel. A combination of reclaimed wood in different finishes – white and natural. Light soft sustainable fabrics can be found through their seating areas, creating a welcoming and warm space. Wood cladded columns and wood framing on the vertical surfaces create a sense of organization and balance.
HOTEL LOBBY This particular view on the hotel lobby shows a great contrast in textures and color. The softs white fabric against the natural green plants and the reclaimed wood coffee tables, as is also shown on the wall installation in the back but in this case with the white finished wood against the green elements. We can also spot the amazing contrast formed between the linear and clean cut geometric elements with the more organic elements added to the space
MAIN BAR Even though the color pallet through out the space is neutral we can appreciate how the designer played with the combination of textures and shapes within this area. The perfect balance is created between the concrete flooring, the illuminated steps, the white reclaimed wood cladded columns and the rough concrete overhang surround the bar.
On the image to the right, we can see again the harmonious combination of the linear elements on the shelving and the organic shapes found on the dark wood stools and table. There is also a contrast in color between the warm tangy wood and the cream fabrics on the cushions. Lighting is used strategically thought the whole building. Its most evident used is for emphasizing specific features, like steps, the top of the columns and accessories.
M11
WORKPLACE + COLOR
AUTODESK SAN FRANCISCO, CA
FIRM: Gensler SIZE: 71,000 sqf. YEAR: 2013 The project design concept juxtaposes a preAutoCAD building with architectural forms visualized using current Autodesk software, creating a “celebration of the past contrasted with the possibilities of the future” Environmentally sourced materials were integral to the design to help tie the new and existing spaces together. Undulating ceiling forms created with salvaged wood from local shipping pallets, stained concrete floors, 100% recyclable polypropylene dining chairs, along with other locally sourced furniture, respond to the client’s desire for environmentally responsible material selections. The end result is a workplace that not only emphasizes the company’s dedication to the environment; all three floors are certified LEED Platinum, but is an inspiring place for collaborative innovation.
Wall and floor graphics interpreted from the streets of San Francisco and Autodesk’s own Mold Flow computer modeling define and energize the corridor and main circulation path along the core. Supplementary colors throughout the space were inspired by digital and engineered projects enabled by technology.
The large communal “TownSquare,� strategically located at the main entry, functions as a gathering space for large all-hands meetings, casual collaborative work, and a place to grab a cup of coffee. The folded wood ceilings in the space visually connect the open office areas across the core, while framing views out toward the Bay and daylight.
The base finish palette – a backdrop of white and charcoal, is indicative of the Autodesk brand. Interspersed compound wooden forms and bright splashes of color reinforce an assortment of collaborative spaces across the floor plate. By utilizing Autodesk technology to navigate the complex architectural geometry of the space, the team was able to achieve maximum ceiling heights and increase views to the outdoors.
REFERENCES http://www.casaluisbarragan.org/eng/en_luisbarragan.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Barrag%C3%A1n_House_and_Studio https://www.archdaily.com/102599/ad-classics-casa-barragan-luisbarragan/5037f5ff28ba0d599b0006a6-ad-classics-casa-barragan-luisbarragan-photo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her_(film) https://thelast-magazine.com/spike-jonze-her/ https://timeinpixels.com/2015/09/cinematography-in-her/ https://www.contractdesign.com/projects/retail/miu-miu/ http://aoyama.miumiu.com/en http://www.retail-focus.co.uk/projects/1393-project-focus-miu-miu https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/miami-best-hotels https://www.interiordesign.net/slideshows/detail/8579-youre-the-one/ https://www.ahotellife.com/hotels/1-hotel-south-beach/ https://activecitytravel.com/miami-beach-eco-style-at-1-hotel/
https://www.gensler.com/projects/autodesk http://www.californiahomedesign.com/house-tours/inside-autodesks-citythemed-office/slide/5408 https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/california/articles/coolestoffice-spaces-in-sf/