PORTFOLIO
Elements of Urban Design Abhilash Barbade
PREFACE The studio is structured as introduction to urban design representation and how it is used as a means of design thinking. The premise is that urban design is best understood and expressed through study and representation of the built urban environment. Hence the studio will focus on the study and representation of the key urban elements in cities and will be structured in multiple modules running through the semester, each culminating with an exhibition of the outcome. These modules will significantly focus on effectively capturing and communicating the spatial qualities of the urban built environment.
STUDIO BRIEF
Module 1 will involve perceiving and representation of the key elements of urban design. The premise is that building types, urban blocks, streets and public open spaces form the key elements that come together to make any functional Urban space. The exercises in this module will enable student with methods to study each element and how they contribute to the scale, form, character and their relationship with the larger urban context. Module 2 will be the final exercise which will involve design of public places. The learning outcome of the studio are: to prepare design drawings to graphically communicate the key spatial characteristics of an existing urban built environment with focus on its elements and prepare a design for a given urban area in the form of a framework plan, design analysis and 3-dimentional illustration to represent the design.
CONTENT Disclaimer Acknowledgement Studio Brief
1 Elements of Urban Design 1a. Building typology 1b. Open Spaces 1c. Streets 1d. Urban Blocks
2 Synthesis Block Density
3 Public Space Design Revitalization of Ganj Golai Market, Latur
4
Learnings
1
Elements of Urban Design 1a Building Typology This exercise is designed to develop methods of effectively capturing various attributes of building types such as form and its relationship with ground.
| 1 INDIVIDUAL BUNGALOW
0
80
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
6
0
Singh Residence Noida, Uttar Predesh 481 Sq.m 962 Sq.m
| BUILDING TYPOLOGY
| 2 APARTMENTS
80
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Bracing House Yangcheon-Gu, South Korea 130 Sq.m 624 Sq.m
125
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
Tower 6 Andheri, Mumbai 640 Sq.m 8320 Sq.m
| 3 HOSPITAL
0
125
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Akasaka Brick Residence Tokyo, Japan 200 Sq.m 1570 Sq.m
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Hinduja Hospital Mumbai, India 1400 Sq.m 10220 Sq.m
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Camperdown, Australia 1400 Sq.m 45000 Sq.m
200
BUILDING TYPOLOGY |
7
| 4 OFFICE
0
80
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
8
| 5 HOTEL
0
Jeevan Bhatri Bhavan Connaught Place, Delhi 3500 Sq.m 68000 Sq.m
| BUILDING TYPOLOGY
80
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Bloomberg London London, UK 11300 Sq.m 102190 Sq.m
125
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
Trident Marin drive, Mumbai 7826 Sq.m 71000 Sq.m
| 6 SHOPPING MALL
0
125
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Hilton Sydney Sydney, Australia 2700 Sq.m 33368 Sq.m
100 150
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Prozon Mall CIDCO, Aurangabad 27000 Sq.m 56000 Sq.m
100 150
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
Forum Mittelrhein Koblenz Koblenz, Germany 11400 Sq.m 45000 Sq.m
BUILDING TYPOLOGY |
9
| 7 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES
0
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
NewTown School Newtown, kolkata 2700 Sq.m 14806 Sq.m
10 | BUILDING TYPOLOGY
| 8 CIVIC BUILDING
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
OCAD University Toronto, Canada 2500 Sq.m 5000 Sq.m
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
Nehru Planatrium Worli, Mumbai 1800 Sq.m 3600 Sq.m
| 9 ADMINISTRATIVE HEADQUARTERS
0
100
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Martin Luther King Library Washington, USA 11300 Sq.m 102190 Sq.m
150
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
0
Legislative Assembly Tuvananthapuram, Kerala 7600 Sq.m 74550 Sq.m
150
Building Name: Location: Ground Coverage: Total Built up Area:
Municipalidad Lo Barnechea Lo Barnechea, Chile
1490 Sq.m 3620 Sq.m
BUILDING TYPOLOGY | 11
1
Elements of Urban Design 1b Open Space This exercise is designed to develop understanding of various attributes open spaces. To analyse the parameters that shapes their physical form. Analysing various physical elements shaping the character of the open space and to explore various techniques to represent their character.
SUNDANCE SQUARE PLAZA
Fort Worth, Texas, USA
14 | OPEN SPACE
EDGE TYPE
Legend
Visually
Physically
Opaque
0
25
50
100
m
Partially Porous Access to Street Access to Building
Porous
20%
Total Building Edge = 273 m Total no. of Entrances = 30 No. of Entrances/100m = 11
40% 40%
GROUND FLOOR BUILT USE
Residential Commercial C1 Retail C2 Hotels/Restaurants
Office Religious Institutional Open Space
0
25
50 30%
100
m 20% 50%
INFERENCE The porous edge makes the plaza more interactive. To slower, the vehicle speed adjacent streets are narrowed. Plaza influenced the ground floor opening towards the plaza turn into restaurants and cafe. OPEN SPACE | 15
1
Elements of Urban Design 1c Streets This exercise is designed to develop understanding of various attributes urban Streets. Analyse relationship of the streets with the Built-edge and the surrounding context.
CHANDNI CHOWK Delhi, India
18 | STREETS
EDGE TYPE
Legend
Visually
Physically
Opaque
0
25
50
100
m
Partially Porous Access to Street Access to Building
Porous
Total Street length Total building edge Total No. of entrance No. of entrance/100 m
= 300 m = 490 m = 68 = 14
79%
Partially Porous
5%
Open
16%
Opaque
GROUND FLOOR BUILT USE
Residential Commercial C1 Retail C2 Hotels/Restaurants
Office Religious Institutional Open Space
0
25
50
100
m
1%
Institutional
25%
INFERENCE
Religious
74%
Commercial
The series of retail shops lead to an increase in the porosity of the street creating an engaging environment for people to shop. Demarcation of the footpath is created by series of bollards. Predominantly a commercial street with most retail shops on the ground and commercial and residential on above floors. STREETS | 19
NYHAVN STREET Copenhagen, Denmark
20 | STREETS
EDGE TYPE
Legend
Visually
Physically
Opaque
0
25
50
100
m
Partially Porous Access to Street Access to Building
Porous
Total Street length Total building edge Total No. of entrance No. of entrance/100 m
= 300 m = 280 m = 42 = 14
46%
54%
Partially Porous
Porous
GROUND FLOOR BUILT USE
Residential Commercial C1 Retail C2 Hotels/Restaurants
INFERENCE
Office Religious Institutional Open Space
0
25
50
100
m
100%
Commercial
One side of the street faces the harbour is porous. These street includes bars restaurant with outdoor sitting. Spillover making it partially porous. The footpath is followed by an outdoor cafe and sittings. Retail shops include town houses and bars, cafés and restaurants that are facing the harbour. STREETS | 21
1
Elements of Urban Design 1d Urban Block This exercise is designed to develop strategic understanding of various attributes regarding Urban Blocks and its components – Building Types, Streets and Spaces between buildings.
G - BLOCK BANDRA KURLA COMPLEX Mumbai, India
24 | URBAN BLOCK
EDGE TYPE
44%
26%
Private Open
Built
30%
Public Open
BUILDING USE
100%
Commercial
STREET NETWORK
Block Perimeter Range 802m-1020m Link-Node Ratio 1.34
Block Node Primary Street Secondary Street Tertiary Street
INFERENCE
0
25
50
100
m
G block of Bandra Kurla complex is the business district. In the block even having only 26 % built up only 30% is available for public access as most of the unbuilt area lies in the compound of private spaces & setbacks. URBAN BLOCK | 25
FINANCIAL DISTRICT Boston USA
26 | URBAN BLOCK
EDGE TYPE
35%
65%
Public Open
Built
BUILDING USE
100%
Commercial
STREET NETWORK
Block Perimeter Range 200m-950m Link-Node Ratio 1.80
Block Node Primary Street Secondary Street Tertiary Street
INFERENCE
0
25
50
100
m
The Financial District of Boston is located in Downtown Boston near Government Centre. The block is surrounded by parks with all of the open spaces available are the privately owned-public spaces because of which even having a high built up more open spaces are available. URBAN BLOCK | 27
Block Density This exercise is designed to develop strategic understanding of various attributes regarding Urban Blocks and its components – Building Types, Streets and Spaces between buildings. From the data set of 66 urban blocks of area 500 x500m from Indian and international context. The data is sorted in an increasing order of ground coverage thereafter breaking it up into 4 ranges. The samples are looked at through the lens identified parameters i.e. ground coverage , distribution of private and public open spaces and prominent building heights. Ground Private Open Public Open 500 m
2
Synthesis
500 m
Smallest
0
200
Upto G+2 G+3 to G+6 G+7 to G+10 G+11 & above
Largest
BUILT DENSITY Synthesis
20% 20 - 30 %%- 30 GROUND % GROUND COVERAGE COVERAGE Ram Mandir RamSquare Mandir Square White Town White Town Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Puducherry Puducherry
30% 30 - 40 %%- 40 GROUND % GROUND COVERAGE COVERAGE
HBD-Dawnson HBD-Dawnson Road Road Tilakwadi Tilakwadi Singapore Singapore Belagavi Belagavi
Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Netherlands
Arbutus Greenway Arbutus GreenwayNew Friends New Colony Friends Colony Kongens Kongens Nytorv Nytorv Vancouver Vancouver New DelhiNew Delhi Copenhagen Copenhagen
Hammarby Hammarby Alle Alle Stockholm Stockholm
Washington W New YorkN
Building Building Footprint Footprint
18 32
18 32
22 78
22 78
24 76
24 76
26 74
26 74
29 71
29 71
32 68
32 68
33 67
33 67
36 64
36 64
39 61
39 61
70 29
70 29
74 26
74 26
79 21
79 21
70 30
70 30
85 15
85 15
42 58
42 58
44 56
44 56
36 64
36 64
18 82
18 82
Open Open Space Space Distribution Distribution
Building Building Height Height
Block Block Character Character
Ram Mandir Ram Mandir Square,Square, Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar Low Rise, Low Low Rise, Density Low Density G+3 to G+3 G+6 to G+6
White Town, WhitePuducherry Town, Puducherry Low Rise, Low Low Rise, Density Low Density Upto G+2 Upto G+2
BuildingBuilding HeightsHeights Distribution Distribution
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Netherlands Mid Rise, Mid Low Rise, Density Low Density Above Above G+6 G+6
Built & Open Built &Space Open Distribution Space Distribution
ArbutusArbutus Greenway, Greenway, Vancouver Vancouver New Friends New Friends Colony,Colony, New Delhi New Delhi Washington Washington Square,Sq N Low Rise, Low Medium Rise, Medium DensityDensityMedium Medium Rise, Medium Rise, Medium DensityDensity Mid Rise, Mid Rise, H High Den G+3 to G+3 G+6 to G+6 G+3 to G+3 G+6 to G+6 G+7 to G+7 G+10to
BuildingBuilding HeightsHeights Distribution Distribution
Built & Open Built &Space Open Distribution Space Distribution
Analysis Analysis
Urban blocks with 20-30% ground coverage are characterized by their
Urban blocks Urban with blocks 20-30% with 20-30% groundground coverage coverage are characterized are characterized by theirby open theirspaces open spaces where the where share the share Inference Inference of private of private open is open comparatively is comparatively higher than higher public thanopen. public These open.urban These blocks urban blocks achieve mostly achieve their built their built open spaces where the share of private open ismostly comparatively higher densities throughthrough low andlow mid risemid structure densities and rise structure
than public open. These urban blocks mostly achieve their built densities through low and mid rise structure
30 | SYNTHESIS
As the range ofofground coverage increases to 30-40%, there is inathe r As the range As theof range ground ground coverage coverage increases increases to 30-40%, to 30-40%, there is there a relative is a relative increase increase in the share open spaces openin spaces and theand builtthe mass built mass from shifts low from to mid low rise to mid withrise anwith inclination an built inclination to achieve to achiev highe increase the share ofshifts public open spaces and the mass shift low to mid rise with an inclination to achieve higher density.
40% 40 - 50 %% 40 - 50 GROUND %%- 50 GROUND %COVERAGE GROUND COVERAGE COVERAGE
50% 50 - 80 %% 50 - 80 GROUND %%- 80 GROUND %COVERAGE GROUND COVERAGE COVERAGE
n Square Weimar Weimar Weimar Hauser Plads Hauser Plads Hauser Plads Central District Central District Central District Tripolia Bazaar Tripolia Palace Bazaar Tripolia Palace Bazaar Lenox Palace HillLenox HillLenox Hill Washington GermanyGermanyGermanyCopenhagen Copenhagen Copenhagen Vienna Vienna Vienna Jaipur Jaipur Jaipur Washington Washington
41 59
39 61
41 59
41 59
43 57
43 57
43 57
45 55
45 55
45 55
47 53
47 53
47 53
49 51
49 51
49 51
Lincoln Road Lincoln Road Lincoln Road Avenue Bosquet Avenue Bosquet Avenue Bosquet Ferry Point Ferry Point Ferry Point Sevilla Sevilla Sevilla The LoopThe LoopThe Loop Miami Miami Miami Paris Paris Paris Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong Madrid Madrid Madrid Chicago Chicago Chicago
50 50
50 50
50 50
54 46
54 46
54 46
74 26
74 26
74 26
77 23
77 23
77 23
77 23
77 23
77 23
C
42 58
35 65
42 58
42 58
38 62
38 62
38 62
14 86
14 86
14 86
32 68
32 68
32 68
34 66
34 66
34 66
New Plads, Copenhagen Hauser Plads, Copenhagen Lenox Hill, Washington rk York Hauser Hauser Plads, Copenhagen CentralCentral District,Central District, ViennaDistrict, ViennaVienna Lenox Hill, Lenox Washington Hill, Washington nsity Medium Rise, Medium DensityMedium Medium Rise, High Density Mid Rise, High Mid Density Rise, High Density Mid Rise, High Density Medium Medium Rise, Medium Rise, Medium Density DensityMedium Rise, High Rise, Density High Density G+3 to G+3 G+6 to G+3 G+6 to G+6 G+3 to G+3 G+6 to G+3 G+6 to G+6 G+7 to G+7 G+11to G+7 G+11to G+11
Heights Distribution BuildingBuilding Heights Building Distribution Heights Distribution
relative
Built & Open Built &Space Open Built &Distribution Space Open Space Distribution Distribution
63 37
63 37
63 37
51 49
51 49
51 49
54 46
54 46
54 46
60 40
60 40
60 40
72 28
72 28
72 28
Ferry Point,Kong Hong Kong Sevilla, Sevilla, TheChicago Loop, Chicago Ferry Point, FerryHong Point, Kong Hong MadridSevilla, MadridMadrid The Loop, TheChicago Loop, Medium Rise, High Density High Rise, High Density High Rise, High Density High Rise, High High Rise, Density High Density Medium Medium Rise, High Rise, Density High Density High Rise, High High Rise, Density High Density Above Above G+11 Above G+11 G+11 G+7 to G+7 G+10to G+7 G+10to G+10 Above Above G+11 Above G+11 G+11
Heights Distribution BuildingBuilding Heights Building Distribution Heights Distribution
Miami
Miami
Miami
Built & Open Built &Space Open Built &Distribution Space Open Space Distribution Distribution
Miami
Miami
Miami
Urban blocks with ground coverage falling in the range of 40-50%
Urban blocks achieving higher ground coverage ranging from 50-80%
spaces and mid rise built density.
compromising on the share of public open spaces.
Urban blocks with ground coverage falling in 40-50% the of range of 40-50% continue to pattern follow pattern earlier pattern Urban achieving blocks achieving higher ground coverage ranging from look at high riseastructures blic e of public Urban blocks Urban with blocks ground with ground coverage coverage falling in falling the range in the of range 40-50% continue continue to follow to earlier follow earlier Urban blocks Urban achieving blocks higher ground higher ground coverage coverage ranging ranging from 50-80% from 50-80% look at50-80% look highat rise high structures rise structures as as a as comprising of larger ofspaces publicspaces open spaces and mid rise built density. solution to achieving higher densities and to compromising on theofshare ofspaces. publicspaces. open spaces. er ty.density. comprising of larger ofshare larger ofshare public ofshare open public open and mid and risemid built rise density. builtlarger density. solutionat solution tohigh achieving torise achieving higher densities higher densities and and compromising onachieving the share on theofshare public open public open ts fromcomprising continue to follow earlier pattern comprising of share of public open look structures as acompromising solution higher densities and
SYNTHESIS | 31
BUILT DENSITY Synthesis
CUMULATIVE ANALYSIS
______Range 1______
______Range 2______
The overlapped trendline in the above graph indicates the percentage of open space across all four ranges. It represents the increasing order of ground coverage. From the range 1 to 3, open space is consistently increasing, against which the private space is decreasing. 32 | SYNTHESIS
______Range 3______
______Range 4______
However, in range 4, the high rise high density character with ground coverage more than 70%, the opposite trend is observed where the public open space is decreasing and private open spaces are increasing.
CONCLUSION While looking at the synthesis as a whole, it can be derived that the built density and ground coverage play an important role in defining the urban fabric. The cumulative stacked bar graph combines all the ranges in the increasing order of ground coverage. The overlapped trend line indicates the share of public open space which continues to increase with the ground coverage. However when the ground cover reaches the threshold of 50% there is a considerable decline in the percentage of open public space. In this scenario, a larger portion of open spaces is distributed in the private realm. To conclude “With the increasing ground coverage, the proportion of public open space rises as compared to the share of private open spaces, Until it reaches a threshold at 50% ground coverage. Thereafter it declines.
SYNTHESIS | 33
3
Public Place Design The Urban Plaza
Revitalization of Ganj Golai Market, Latur Reinstating street as dominant & vibrant urban public realm The focus of the design exercise is to re-imagine existing scenarios in the city with a fresh perspective on the opportunities in the public domain. The selected public
ABOUT LATUR CITY
ABOUT STUDY AREA
Latur City 3.82 Lakh Population
Old Town of Latur 32.5 Sq.km Spatial Extent
Agro-based Economy
Latur, a city located in Maharashtra, primarily an agriculturebased economy & an educational hub for secondary, higher secondary, and university education. The precinct is located on one of the most prominent streets on the southern part of the city.
36 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
Being a trading city and for its agro-based commodity market. People not only within the city but from the surrounding region proximity to the central bus stand.
Ganj Golai Market
Ganj Golai is the major market situated in the core of the city. access this market on a frequent basis and reason being close
Ganj Golai market is house to many small markets with 17 street each dedicated for specific item. For efficient functioning of the market central core plays an important role. With century old temple at its centre surrounded by circular commercial shopping complex owned by municipal corporation.
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 37
EXISTING CONDITION
100% Porous and Commercial activated street 1
Parking around periphery
2
Temple
3 4
Commercial Complex 30 m Wide Street Retail Edge
CONCERNS
2
1
Inappropriate
space for vending
38 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
informal
3
Lack of gathering spaces
Busy Intersections & No continue pedestrian
ANALYSIS
Vehicular Movement Major Nodes Minor Nodes High Density traffic Low Density Traffic
Their are total 17 street that meet at the centre core out of which 5 streets have heavy traffic movement. there are total 5 major nodes on the central intersection.
4
Missing sense of space often get lost in the space
5
Overspilling of shops and vendors
6
No Availability Public Open Space PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 39
THE URBAN PLAZA Revitalization of Ganj Golai Market, Latur Reinstating street as dominant & vibrant urban public realm
VISION Transforming market street into a radial public plaza to enhancing public realm & shopping experience encourage social interaction
OBJECTIVE
Safe Pedestrian Organizing existing Space for resting experience & recreation
POTENTIALS City Level Connectivity Commercial activated public space Diverse Economic activities 40 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
STRATEGIES
1
Access available to vehicle through 17 Street
2
Redirecting vehicular traffic by controlling the movement of vehicle by reducing no. of vehicular access to the center core.
3
Reducing Street Scale to establishing pathways for pedestrian making streets for pedestrian centric
4
5
6
Connecting Exiting Activity to establishing a network of pathway connecting outer edge
A continuous central public concourse around the circular market building
Pockets of green spaces & plazas. Network of trees Planted for shading PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 41
MASTER PLAN VISUALIZATION
3
4 1
9 10
2
0
50
The proposed scenario talks about reducing the carriage way and turn creating distinct edges. One the outer edge will connect surrounding shops through a pedestrian link and second the interior edge will be a radial plaza. further 11 street are turned total pedestrian routes. 42 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
6
3
4 2
7
8
10
5
1
9
1
Concourse
6
Food stalls & food courts
2
Widen Footpath Routes
7
Exhibition area
3
Informal Vending
8
Shaded Sitting
4
Bus Stop
9
Speed Table
5
Auto Stand
10
Parking
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 43
DETAIL AT INTERSECTION VISUALIZATION
8 3
1 2 7
6 4
8
0
15
This junction is the most crowed junction as it connects to the central bus stand and also main entrance for the temple. This street would be turned into one way street. being most crowded part of the circle this side of plaza will provide pause points with food courts. 44 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
5
6 4
7 1
8
2
3
1
Concourse
5
Food stalls & food courts
2
Widen Footpath Routes
6
Parklets
3
Informal Vending
7
Speed Table
4
Auto Stand
8
Parking
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 45
TRANSFORMATION
No Pede Foot
10% Pedestrian
Parking spaces used for vending
BEFORE
Shopping Path
50% Pedestrian AFTER
46 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
estrian Infrastructure –Unsafe – tfall encroaching onto street
The parking area was used for informal vending activities. No availability of pedestrian infrastructure led to unsafe for people to access.
Radial Plaza
Carriage way is reduces, form 30m to 7.5m. Creating space for pedestrian infrastructure. Through this intervention 40% pedestrian access is achieved.
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 47
CHARACTER IMAGE
A well connected radial plaza surrounding the central building 48 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
Inner edge of the street along the circular shopping complex turned into a radial plaza where people can gather, rest and enjoy. This space can also be used as weakened markets and celebratory processions.
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 49
CHARACTER IMAGE
Footpath connecting outer commercial edge 50 | PUBIC SPACE DESIGN
Outer edge will be a shopping street that includes both formal retail shops and informal vendors. The informal vending will be formalized and dedicated spaces will be allocated along the outer edge.
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 51
5
Learnings
LEARNINGS Elements of Urban design studio helped in understanding various spatial qualities of the urban built environment and developed the skill to communicate effectively through various forms of graphical representation. Through the study of various urban elements such as streets, open spaces, building and how these elements come together and form an urban environment. Created an understanding of scales and proportions in an urban context. Module one provided the understanding of urban context through the study of successful urban spaces,that gives the idea of factors and elements in making a successful public space. Building Typology study provided the understanding of relation of private and public spaces, working of shared private spaces that act as extending public spaces and role of context. For open spaces, it is important to have neighbourhood connectivity for easy access, Edge safety in terms of traffic and porosity. Importance of portability and flexibility in utilization of open spaces. Streets except connecting, it also act as public spaces, in which active edge porosity plays important role in activating the spaces. Surface treatment and proper demarcation of streets create a safe notion for people to access. Urban Block exercise provides understanding of factors proximity to transport mode and public spaces influence walk-ability. Module two was focused on understanding urban problems of an urban area and creating a design narrative to overcome the issues. With considering the local context, stakeholders, and its utility in the coming future. This exercise helped in the understanding of design public spaces on various scales. The overall studio equipped the ability to understand and graphically communicate spatial characteristics of an existing urban built environment.
PUBLIC SPACE DESIGN | 53