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Contents Introduction to Design Fundamentals of Visual Design Science and Liberal Arts Typography Module 4
Contents Design Process Image Making Production Process
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Acknowledgment
As a student in NID,my first semester has been like a joyful ride in the river of overflowing knowledge. Each and every course which I was a part of has given us immense amount of knowledge and helped us in seeing the world with a new set of eyes. I would like to thank the college for creating such a wellplanned semester and for bringing renowned designers from the industry to teach us. I would also like to thank the college for providing us space to work and the staffs for all their guidance and support.
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Intro. to Design Duration
12th - 17th July Introduction to Design was a one week course which was constituted of lectures, examples and stories about Design from one of the most experienced individuals from the design industry.
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Introduction to design Introduction to Design was the first course in the semester and it was anchored by Mr. Tarundeep Girdhar. The one week lecture was packed with lectures and talks ‘rock stars’ of design world and left us all starry-eyed. Giants from the Design world had come to give a brief insight of ‘What is design’ to them and how design works. Their talks, presentations, examples and ideas helped us get a better look at the design world and how it can be used to make people’s life better. Design is not something which can easily be defined, or simply put in a few words. Still , it can be summed up in the following ways: Design identifies, informs, provokes, navigates and simplifies things for us. Problem is equal to opportunity. Design is different from art as it deals with solving problems for users whom we design for. Design is about systems which affects life, its not just products. Design is systematic, ts about people. Internal world of designers consists of : Ethos, perception and philosophy.
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We were fortunate to have many speakers, to name a few :
We moved forward to watch three critically acclaimed documentary by Gary Huswit called ‘helvetica’ , ‘urbanized’ and ‘objectified’.
Mr.Tarundee Girdhar, Mr,. Ashok Chatterjee, Mr. Sudhir Sharma, Mr. Praveen Nahar, Dr. Tridha Gajjar, Mr. Amit Gulati, Mr. Pravinsinh Solanki, Mr. Dhiman Sengupta, Ms. gayatri menon & Mr. V Sakthvel.
Assignment 1
Assignment 2
After a week filled with knowledge and learning, it was time for us to depict it visually. So, the first assignment was to make a poster representing “what design means to me?’.
Second assignment was to pick up any product which was either Indian or was designed by an Indian Designer and tell what made it a good design or made us like it. The representation had to be done on a poster.
Assignment 1
Design to me is ‘An ever evolving process’. Design starts with an approach and follows steps to finally build on the idea and come up with a solution. But, the process doesn’t end here; the designer strives to evolve and improve the design he, she made. Since, no design can ever be the ultimate solution!
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Assignment 2
The chosen product was ‘Krishna- A journey within’, a graphic novel by Indian artist Abhishek Singh. The way Krishna’s story has been depicted in the novel is mesmerizing. Abhishek’s style is at his best, with flowing forms and vibrant use of color, the illustrator has managed to cast a spell on the readers and has an Indian touch to it.
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Fundamentals of Visual Design Duration
1st Aug - 9th Sept. Fundamentals of Design was a 6 weeks long module, anchored by Mr. Kaushik Chakraborty. It consisted of drawing, color and composition withing it; each taken up by group specific faculties from different area of design. We received a more holistic view of the fundamentals which we never were aware of earlier.
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Drawing Module Duration: 2 weeks 1st - 12th Aug. Contents of Drawing Module was a 2 week segment the module of the Fundamentals of Visual Design Course. It was taken by: Vijaypaul Punia, Rajesh Thakare & Mahan J Dutta. The module was aimed at enriching our visualization and representation skills. It consisted of mostly hand drawing, observing, contemplating and recording the details on to a sheet. It started with drawing different kinds of line drawing exercises, gradually moving to perspective sketches. Perspective drawing included: 1 point, 2 point and 3 point perspective. We then moved on to study of nature and study of macroscopic and microscopic details. This was followed by studying the most complex creations of god i.e. human body. We dwell upon the details for a few days , moving on to face study, proportions, postures and rapid sketching. Finally we moved on to learn composition, framing and story-telling.
Personal take-away
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The 2 week of module helped us to sketch rigorously and was improved our sketching skills. It also helped us to enrich our understanding of perspective and how to depict it. We also learnt to observe th details which makes individual unique and the art of story telling was the cherry on the top of the icing.
Line Drawing Nature’s details study
On the left are the textures we tried to replicate by looking at the original samples collected from nature.
The module started by drawing 3 different kinds of lines with mechanical pencil maintaining an equidistant distance between them
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There is no better designer, than nature. -Alexander McQueen
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One Point Perspective Sabarmati Riverfront was the perfect spot where a lot of bridges could be spotted.
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Perspective is the way we look at things. We look at them from a certain distance and it allows us to appreciate it’s value.
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-Rafael E Pino
Two Point Perspective
Two point perspective, on cartridge paper using 2B,4B & 6B pencils. Spot: Foyer, near Director’s cabin.
Three Point Perspective
Three point study using furniture at home. Materials: Cartridge paper.
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Line Drawing Nature’s details study
Looking closely at the composition and placing it on the sheet. The focus here was to capture the details, difference in texture and planes.
Capturing the minute details of the plant kingdom. The details had to be captured by using difference in strokes. Highlights and shadows were main things to focus on.
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Studying the positive & negative forms appearing in a tree from a considerable distance and noting the overall formation of the foliage.
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Looking a bit closely at the details
During the study it struck to me how different each one’s parts are and they are unique in their own way.
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Human body has been called the microcosm of the universe.
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-A. B. Simpson
Studying the postures was a fun exercise and a difficult one at the same time. We got an understanding of proportions and contours. Artwork on Cartridge paper with 2B, 4B & 6B pencils.
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On the Left: Its a sketch done during working on compositions. We had to pick up a place with activity going on and depict it on an A3 sheet and frame it in an interesting manner. The activity must be depicted in 1 point perspective. Artwork on Cartridge paper with 4B, 6B pencil, charcoal & black ink.
Below: Using 2 point perspective we had to compose a business transaction or activity at a shop on a A3 sheet. Thought it would be interesting to capture this funny incident I had witnessed.
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Telling a story... We had to select a series of activity of our daily life and depict a story sequentially.
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Color Module Duration: 2 weeks 16th - 26th Aug. Contents of Color Module was a 2 week segment the module of the Fundamentals of Visual Design Course. It was taken by: Bela Raval,Parth Shah. Color module started off with presentations and lectures about color theory, color psychology and color wheels, tints, value, shades etc. We were given assignments, some of which were technical like: color mixing, making color wheel, creating tints and shades and value scales. Some assignments were to enrich our knowledge and learn to apply color theory in real life. We witnessed presentations about how colors are used in visual communications, documentary of colors usage in film making etc. We worked on assignments of color psychology, redesigning movie posters using color theory & finally presenting them and learning from feedback and other’s works.
Personal take-away
Color module opened up a whole new dimension for us. We started looking at colors as a daily basis and understood how subtly a mood or a message could be conveyed using just colors. We also came to know about the huge impact colors can create on the audience and how designers, filmmakers & creative people had been using it to convey their message.
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Color Wheel ( 24 colors )
Color wheel is the most useful tool every designer. We created this color wheel by mixing primary poster colors: Red, Yellow and Blue and applying it on paper to create color swatches.
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Color! What a deep and mysterious language, the language of dreams
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-Paul Gauguin
Types of Color Schemes
Analogous Colors: Analogous colors are groups of three colors that are next to each other on the color Wheel, With one being the dominant color, which tends to be a primary or secondary color, and one on either side of the color Red, red-orange, and red- violet are examples.
Complimentary Colors:
Split Complimentary Colors: The split-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two “Analogous” colors adjacent to its complement. Split-complementary color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less pressure.
Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors. Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than “complementary colors”.
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Value Scale
Orange to Blue Transition
Greyscale
Types of Scales
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Pointillism
The exercise was to create a landscape including a tree using just primary colors and creating all the required colors using points and their placements.
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Movie poster Design
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The following assignment was to take up our favorite movie and recreate the movie’s poster in our own style (handpainted) using color psychology.
Composition Module Duration: 2 weeks 29th Aug - 09th Sept Contents of Composition Module was a 2 week the module segment of the Fundamentals of Visual Design Course. It was taken by: Dr Tridha Gajjar, Pradeep Chokhsi and Jagadish K. Composition module was an amalgamation of both color and drawing modules. It was aimed at using the knowledge gained during previous modules and use it cohesively t create a balanced composition. The highlight was the Gestalt’s Principles and spotting them in everyday life. We also photographed wherever we could locate Gestalt’s Principle in real life. We the moved forward to create a final storyboard consisting of multiple frames and depicting a story based on the theme of ‘Change i our environment’ using all the learning gained during the module.
Personal take-away
Composition module completely changed our perception of how things should be composed. Now, I go about discovering how silently gestalt’s principles is present in the real world and how magically it appears pleasing to the eyes wherever it’s applied correctly.
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Gestalt’s Principles Gestalt is a psychology term which means “unified whole”. It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s. These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Principle of Enclosure Principle of Nearness Principle of a Continuous Shape Principle of Self-intersecting Objects Principle of Similarity Principle of Even Width Principle of Ambiguity Principle of Simple Shape & Contour Principle of Similarity Principle of Association
Dots The first element of design we were introduced to was Dots. Its the most basic and omnipresent.
1. Whirlpool 2. Wave 3. Swarm of bees
In the exercise, we had to depict rhythm using only dots and playing with their placements. Size of dots should be uniform.
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Lines The linear marks made with a pen or brush or the edge created when two shapes meet, is called a ‘line’.
1. Thrown Stick 2. Traffic 3. Clash
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This exercise was aimed at capturing rhythm juts by use of lines. Lines used were in a range of three fixed thicknesses.
Shapes A shape is a self contained defined area of geometric or organic form. A positive shape in a painting automatically creates a negative shape.
Artwork created with shapes made out of paper cut-outs on white sheet of paper.
The exercise was to create emphasis using just basic shapes. And an illusion of perspective planes had to be created.
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Good composition is like a suspension bridge. Each line adds strength and takes none away.
-Robert Henri
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Story Board
Brief: Illustrate a story comprising of 7 frames on the theme ‘Change in our environment’. I depicted the way money changed over time along with the changing scenario ( in the background). Used color to bring emphasis.
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Science and Liberal Arts Duration
29thAug - 3rd Sept. Science & Liberal Arts was a 1 week module, taken up by Dr. Deepak Kannal. The course consisted of lectures and assignments simultaneously. It was basically aimed at teaching a way to read visual imagery.
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SLA Module Duration: 1 week
Contents of Science & Liberal Arts was a 1 week the module module, taken up by Shilpa Das, Dr. Deepak Kannal. The module focused on The essence of aesthetics, empathizing and understanding a piece of art,design or craft. It was a journey filled with knowledge and new learnings. Personal Take-away
Science & Liberal Arts was a 1 week module, taken up by Shilpa Das, Dr. Deepak Kannal.
Excerpts from class discussions An in-depth knowledge regarding the subject of aesthetics with respect to art and culture was imparted to us in this course. We were made familiar with both Western and Indian concepts and theories pertaining to aestheticism. The course opened to us a world of captivating philosophies, placing the senses of observation and perception in an entirely new light. Plato’s realism, Aristotle’s empiricism and Longinus’s sublimity taught us the different dimensions of art and culture. Terms like “universals”, “mimesis”, “neota” etc. were made known to us. We further came across the arguments on why these theories went obsolete or are still upheld by different classes of philosophers and people alike. Moving on to modernism we learnt that religious beliefs were discarded or became less rigid and selfconsciousness and irony slowly flooded the traditions of literature and society.
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Modernist philosophies refused to acknowledge realism and made use of the works done in the past through certain improvisations and recreations. We got the chance to study and analyze the works of Immanuel Kant, Pablo Picasso Enter the late 20th century, and moving on to post- modernism which had a more skeptical impact on culture, literature, philosophy and literary works. This era saw the reenergizing of the western ideals and the emergence of pop- culture. Also brining a new philosophy to light that there are no truths but only interpretations. Deconstructions, a post-modernist philosophy by Jacques DerRida was also made familiar to us.
Rasa Theory Moving on to Indian Aesthetics the age old concepts of Rasa theory was introduced to us. While studying the Natyashastra we came to know about Rasas in performing arts and Rasa Abhinaya. Alamkara theory was also introduced to us. The entire Sanskrit Natya theory revolves around the concept of Rasa. To evoke in the minds of the audience a particular dramatic presentation is known as “Rasa”. The concept and philosophy of “Rasa” is the most vital contribution of the Indian artists to art and aesthetics. Rasa brings a realization of beauty in art, its enjoyment, and being aware of the joy that comes with experiencing beauty. The word Rasa has no equal in word or concept or theory in any other language or art of the world known to us. Aesthetic relish describes it as closely as on could in a different language.
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Rasa has been classified under eight categories (ashtarasa) and has a corresponding Bhava assigned to each of them which gives rise to the rasa. Also known as Sthayi Bhava or pervading stable emotion. They are:
Rati (love) Hasa (mirth) Shoka (grief) Krodha (anger) Utsaha (heroism) Bhaya (fear) Jugupsa (disgust) Vismaya (wonder)
Design is where science and art break even.
Navrasa
-Mieke Gerritzen
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Assignment The assignment was to choose one of our favorite piece of art, movie, song or performance and write an article in not more than 500 words. The focus should be on what the creator was trying to convey, aesthetics, rasa (if any). The article had to be presented in an A4 format.
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Typography Module
Duration
12th - 23rd Sept. Fundamentals of Design was a 2 weeks long module, anchored by Mona Prabhu. The module opened new doors to the world of type. It consisted identifying type by it’s anatomy, types of typefaces, layout etc.
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Typography Module Duration: 2 weeks 12th - 23rd Sept Contents of Typography Module was a 2 week the module module. It was taken by: Mona Prabhu. Typography is used in our everyday life in various ways. Though types are used essentially as language, it is not always verbal. Often the shape, color, texture, and qualities of type make a visual image stronger than the verbal qualities of the type. The manner in which type is presented will influence product appearance, buying decisions, consumer behavior, access to and retrieval of information, and the ease of comprehension of printed material and much more. The module gave us an understanding of the basic elements of typography. We studied and practiced with type elements: type styles, sizes, spaces, alignment. Gained understanding of typographical hierarchy and composition.
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Typo Good composition is like a suspension bridge. Each line adds strength and takes none away.
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-Robert Henri
Letter Spacing The assignment was aimed at letter spacing. We had to take the first few alphabets of our surname and try to space it best according to our understanding. Then we had to experiment with a tight and loose spacing and compare the results. The assignment has to be performed with a serif & a sans serif font.
Composition with Letter forms Assignment Brief
Constraints
Freedom
Write down your favorite Quote / slogan / name of your favorite film / favorite book / favorite TV show. It should contain a minimum of 4 words. Use the same format as in exercise 1. In Adobe Illustrator, prepare 3 interesting layouts using appropriate typeface.
Use only black and white in the composition. Use only one typeface in one composition. Do not use any shadow or effects or gradient. Do not expand / condense / distort the type. Do not rotate type in any angle except 90° or -90°. Do not invert or reflect the type. Use revers type on black background if desired.
Use any size or sizes Use variations / styles available within the typeface. Use cropping at the edges if desired. Break the baseline if desired. Use reverse type on black background if desired.
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Composition
Attempt 1
Attempt 2
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Abstract Composition Assignment Brief Select a pair of letter forms. (Select forms which match in shape, or forms which have sufficient contrast, but would not make a word). Arrange them on a square format (as in previous exercises), to make a visually interesting composition.
Constraints
Freedom
Use in 3 different sizes. Use only black letter forms, no color, not reverse. No shadows, no outlines, no grays. Do not twist or distort or expand or condense type. Do not invert or reflect letter forms.
May overlap letters May cut letters, but cut them up to a recognizable form. Crop them at the edges if desired Rotate them at any angle.
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Abstract Composition
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Assignment Brief
Objective
Re-do your exercise 3 in color. Select the best out of your 3 compositions. Use color to bring out the best visual quality of the selected letters. Use color for the background as well. Freedom to use gradients, effects, drop-shadows, textures, transparency, bevel-emboss etc. Make 3 alternatives.
The objective here was to sensitive ourself with the use of color. Making the best and appropriate use of available features in graphic software. Understanding color interaction while using type.
Study of Typeface Assignment Brief Choose one text typeface. Using A3 size format, Design a structure for a layout and make a display piece (a formal composition) that includes: 1) The character set of the Regular style 2) A short description about its design, designer, year of launch,
3) Class of the typeface. Main characteristics of letter-forms. 4) Available variations within the typeface (font family) 4) Distinctive letter-forms (selected characters) in larger size. 5) Any other information of relevance
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Comparison of Typeface
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Assignment Brief
Objective
Choose 2 or more typefaces within the same class of type and study basic characteristics and make a note of the same.
List the distinctive characters of the typeface, compare general differences of glyphs, differences in selected characters.
Comparison of Typeface Objective Comparison of Specific characters and ratio of both the chosen typefaces.
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Grid & Proportions
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Assignment Brief
Objectives of the assignment
Take any one of the passage of your own choice, (which is interesting and meaningful), containing around 200-250 words. Compose it on a A3 sized sheet in order to best convey the message in the text. Use color for text and background, if required.
Making use of a format (an underlying structure which demarcates placement of components). Breaking up the text into appropriate components. Highlight / differentiate / emphasize parts of text. Using of rules (lines) or boxes as desired, for additional effect. Use of enlarged letter forms or portions of text to illustrate or generate interest.
Layouts Assignment Brief
Mandatory content
Design a (13� X 19�) color poster Alpavirama 2017. The poster should be informatory and comprehensive, so the text and details will be extensive. Make the best possible use of available space. Use appropriate grid for layout. Use one or more typefaces.
1) A short note of introduction. 2) People involved, jury members. 3) Organizers, sponsors. 4) Participating groups/entities. 5) Complete schedule with dates & time. 6) Any other related information.
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Packaging Redesign Assignment Brief Make a layout for a food package / juice carton / pasta package / processed food product, the size of which is about A4 or less. Choose one that has dense text. Analise and make a mental note of problems and areas where typography can improve its appearance as well as clarity of content.
Mandatory content Determining the hierarchy of information. Using appropriate set of typefaces and sizes to make the text readable and clear. Using pleasing colors, suitable for a food packet. Making the best use of available space to show all information and details clearly. Original Packaging
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Re-designed Packaging
Design Process Duration
3rd - 14th Oct. Design Process was a 2 week module, anchored by Mr. Vijai Singh Katiyar. The course consisted of lectures and assignments simultaneously. This course gave us an overview of the process of design. This overview was essential for us to appreciate the learning through various courses.
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Design Process Duration: 2 weeks
Contents of Design Process was a 2 weeks module, the module anchored by Mr. Vijai Singh Katiyar. The module aimed at introducing us to the different stages in the design process – from perception of a problem to generating a solution to the problem through investigation, analysis and synthesis. It also helped us understand the methodology of the problem solving process. The various assignments during the module consisted of analysis and mapping of the design process, morphology of the problem solving process, role of creativity in design. Methodologies and strategies related to the different stages of the design problem were also learnt while doing case studies.
Personal take-away
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The module helped us understand the various stages of designing. It took us through the journey of design process, starting from the perception of problem to the solution & implementation. It also enriched our skills of investigation, analysis & synthesis.
Umbrella Project
Assignment 1
Product: Umbrella
Assignment was given to groups of 8: Take a product and study it, tangibly and intangibly and follow it with a presentation. The assignment continued further where we had to come up with the problems and opportunities regarding the product and come up with propositions and a design brief and present it.
We chose Umbrella as our product. Initially we started with tracing the history of the product. We proceeded with the project as following:
Pre-product stage
Visual Appraisal
1. Identify a simple product. 2. Write down your own ‘idea’ of the product. 3. Articulate anticipated user experience.
1. Observe the product ‘hands off’. 2. Draw a visual impression of the product. 3. List down perceived qualities. 4. Define static aesthetics of the product. 5. Imagine possible interactions with the user.
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Umbrella Project Multi-Sensory Appraisal 1. Carry out exploratory evaluation of the product. 2. Understand details and components. 3. List down perceived features and characteristics. 4. Articulate aesthetics of the interaction. 5. Talk to non users of the product and gather their ‘idea’ of product.
Product Usage
Problems faced during ‘Hands on’ stage
1. Interact with and understand their ‘insights’ and ‘aspirations’. 2. Ask appropriate questions!! 3. Explore existing features for new possibilities. 4. Review it under changed environmental factors. 5. Noticing the technicalities.
Personal Contribution My personal contribution has been throughout the project, but something which shines out of my memory is the animated video we made for the introduction. It was a short video which included: script writing, sound recording, sound editing, illustrating the frames, editing and compilation. It was a video based on the things which might resemble the form of the umbrella. Secondly, I was also actively involved during the brainstorming sessions and exploratory part of the process. It led to a better understanding he question and later sketching & illustrating the parts which needed to be visually depicted.
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PCR Project
Assignment 2
Assignment was given to same groups of 8: To identify an existing system that caters to a group of people or a community. Study it comprehensively in terms of attributes and utility in sociocultural and economic contexts. Identify one relevant need/concern/ problem area that requires to be addressed.
Problem Identification 1. Conflict of Space 2. Lack of Proper Facilities 3. Safety 4. Cleanliness 5. Under utilized/ Vandalized Facilities After surveying the area and in-depth research we identified the biggest problem to be ‘Cleanliness’.
Info-graphics of Problems
Density Mapping
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PCR Project After accumulation of data, analyzing and brainstorming; it was time to come up with solutions. Using ideation techniques, we generated three Optimal Design Concepts, each based on following three requirements;
1. Easy to implement, 2. Innovative, and 3. Futuristic.
Spot Identification
Optimal Design Concepts,
Innovative
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Futuristic
Image Making Duration
26rd Sep - 28th Oct. Image making module was a 3 week module, anchored by Dr. Tridha Gajjar. This course helped us to learn integrating two or more similar and contrasting forms, the integration of typographic elements and exploration of various methods of translating a verbal concept into a visual message.
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Letter Integration Assignment 1 Concept Brief
The Assignment was aimed at picking two alphabets (preferably the initials of our name) and integrate the two chosen letters to come up with a singular form which is balanced and is read as two different letters. Challenge was to print those letters in different typefaces and sizes according to ones need and requirement and then use different letters of different typefaces and compose them together into one form. Both the alphabets must be readable / legible.
Process
Steps to create the final design Choosing from different typefaces and printing the selected alphabets (in different sizes). Tracing the alphabets manually and subsequently trying to integrate them (by hand). Working with positive & negative spaces to compose the form. Establishing the readability of both the letters . Thereby even modifying the form to resonate with each other. Selecting a preferable option and them fine tuning it to generate the final output. abhishek bhardwaj Chosen alphabets : ‘a’ & ‘b’
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Object Integration Assignment 2 Concept Brief
Select one object (man made or natural) which can represent dominant characteristic in your personality. You have to simplify this object with minimal representation and integrate with initial letter of your name.
Process
Steps to create the final design Choosing one letter (preferable the initial of my name) and another object (which best represents your personality). Printing the alphabet in different typefaces and sizes according to ones need and requirement. Drawing the most basic representation of he object. It includes: selecting a particular shaped version, selecting the most suitable angle etc.. Working with positive & negative spaces to compose the form. Integrating the chosen letter and object to come up with a singular form which is balanced. Establishing the readability of both the letter and object as a single unit. Thereby even modifying the form to resonate with each other. Selecting a preferable hand-drawn option and them fine tuning it to generate the final output.
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Final Outcome
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Object Simplification Assignment 3 Concept Brief
The Assignment was to design two posters using the simplification of the object done in the previous assignment. A black& white poster depicting the theme chosen in the beginning of the assignment. The number of elements should be minimum. Another poster which can be in multicolor under the same theme and using the same object. For this poster, the level of simplification or angle of object can change based on the requirement of the communication.
Process
Steps to create the final design Using the same simplification made in the previous assignment and selecting the appropriate composition. Creating the typography element to convey the message. Working with another way of representation for creating the second poster which needs to be in color. Choosing an appropriate color scheme and background for the colored poster. Working out a layout for the poster. Finally, creating the posters (a black & white and a colored one).
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Poster Creation Assignment 4 Concept Brief
The Assignment was to design two posters using the simplification of the object done in the previous assignment. A black& white poster depicting the theme chosen in the beginning of the assignment. The number of elements should be minimum. Another poster which can be in multicolor under the same theme and using the same object. For this poster, the level of simplification or angle of object can change based on the requirement of the communication.
Process
Steps to create the final design Using the same simplification made in the previous assignment and selecting the appropriate composition. Creating the typography element to convey the message. Working with another way of representation for creating the second poster which needs to be in color. Choosing an appropriate color scheme and background for the colored poster. Working out a layout for the poster. Finally, creating the posters (a black & white and a colored one).
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Final Outcome
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Final Outcome
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Pictogram Assignment 5 Concept Brief
Under the same theme using the same object, design a pictogram to be used in a signage or any instruction. The challenge is that, there can be no use of perspective or overlaps. There must not be multiple interpretations.
Process
Steps to create the final design Selecting a context where the pictogram will be used. Deciding the kind and area of usage of the signage. Process continues with choosing the most appropriate view to make the pictogram of the object. Choosing from options of viewpoints available: top, side or bottom view. Working with positive & negative spaces to compose the pictogram. Eliminating any kind of elements which might lead to multiple interpretations. Designing in black & white and with neutral lines.
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Production Process Duration
7th - 18th Nov. Production Process was a 2 week module, anchored by Dr. Tridha Gajjar and Mr. Bharat Suthar. It consisted of lectures on types of printing, history, inks, paper, scanning, desktop publishing, post presse etc. It was a really exciting course as we also got to work with offset & screen printing and tried our hands on binding as well.
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Production Process Duration: 2 weeks Contents of Production Process Module was a 2 week the module module. It was taken by: Mr. Bharat Suthar & D. Tridha Gajjar. The module gave us knowledge of printing processes, prepress color separation, paper, file preparation and post-press operations.
Personal Take-away
The module exposed us to the basic fundamentals of printing technology. The entire process from the finalization of the design to the artwork to the pre-press, nature of printing and post printing stages were dealt with. We probed into other related but critical issues such as kinds of paper, specifications, costings, etc. The assignments along with the lectures helped us to develop an in-depth understanding of the process of offset & screen printing and binding processes too.
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The invention of the printing press was one pf the most important events in human history.
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-Ha Joon Chang
Introduction Printing is the technique of making an impression on paper (or on other substances such as vellum) from inked type (or as the techniques developed, from plates, blocks, or cylinders). From this type, the most important aspect of printing is that it permits a large number of copies to be made from each setting of type.
During the period from the invention of printing in Europe until 1700, most books were printed on wooden printing presses, using metal type.
History of Printing Woodblock printing (200) Movable type (1040) Printing press (1454) Etching (ca. 1500) Mezzotint (1642) Aquatint (1768) Lithography (1796) Chromolithography (1837) Rotary press (1843) Offset printing (1875) Hectograph (19th century) Hot metal typesetting (1886)
Mimeograph (1890) Screen printing (1907) Spirit duplicator (1923) Dye-sublimation (1957) Phototypesetting (1960s) Dot matrix printer (1964) Laser printing (1969) Thermal printing (ca. 1972) Inkjet printing (1976) Stereolithography (1986) Digital press (1993) 3D printing (ca. 2003)
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Types of Printing processes 1: Conventional or Impact printers 2: Non- conventional or non- impact printers
Conventional or Impact printers This is also known as impact printers Conventional printers produces text and images when tiny wire pins on print head strike the ink ribbon by physically contacting the paper. In all conventional printing process the image carrier must be consist of two basic area: 1: The image area (hold the ink) 2: The non-image area (remains uninked).
Non-conventional or Non-Impact printers This is also known as non-impact printer. Non-conventional printer produces text and graphics on paper without actually striking the paper.
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Identification of Printing processes Letterpress The edges of the text will show ink squash due to heavy pressure. Due to heavy pressure, at the back Of the paper slight. Indentation will be seen. Ink intensity is higher compared to offset printing, due to direct transfer. Edge of text will show ink squash due to high pressure. At the back of paper slight indentation will be seen due to heavy pressure. Ink intensity will be higher than offset printing due to direct transfer of ink.
Gravure
Offset
Edges of the text are not sharp.
The imposition Will be even in both text and halftone.
Lesser quality than offset. The reproduction of halftone dots is very precise because the images are not pressed onto the paper as they are in offset, hence Better image quality than offset.
Clear outline and sharpness. Solid co ours are evenly inked. Better text reproduction than gravure.
Screen Printing Slight raised impression due to heavy deposition of ink. High and even ink intensity. Text is blurred compared to offset.
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Press Operations Pre-press It includes all steps which are carried out before the actual printing, the transferring of information onto paper or another substrate. Traditional press has three areas: - Composition, i.e recording text, formatting text and pagination. - Reproduction, i.e of pictures, graphics particularly color separations for multicolor printing. - Assembly and Plate-making, i.e the assembly of text, picture and graphic elements into complete pages from pages to print sheets.
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Press It is the process of transferring ink onto paper or another substrate via a printing plate.
Post-press It includes all those steps which are carried out after printing on paper or another material has taken place. Finishing processes are as diverse as the methods of producing printed products, whether they involve books, newspapers, folding boxes, or sets of labels.
Halftone Halftone is the reprographic technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size, in shape or in spacing. Where continuous tone imagery contains an infinite range of colors or gray, the halftone process reduces visual reproductions to an image that is printed with only one color of ink, in dots of differing size. This reproduction relies on a basic optical illusion—that these tiny halftone dots are blended into smooth tones by the human eye. At a microscopic level, developed black-and-white photographic film also consists of only two colors, and not an infinite range Of continuous tones. Just as color photography evolved with the addition of filters and film layers, color printing is made possible by repeating the halftone process for each subtractive color—most commonly using what is called the “CMYK color model”. The semi-opaque property of ink allows halftone dots Of different colors to create another optical effect—full-color imagery.
Traditional Screening Methods
Halftone Resolutions
The most common method of creating screens: Amplitude modulation —produces a regular grid of dots that vary in size. The other method of creating screen: Frequency modulation —is used in a process also known as stochastic screening. Both modulation methods are named by analogy with the use of the terms in telecommunications.
Screen Printing 45—65 lpi Laser printer (300dpi) 65lpi Laser Printer (600dpi) 85— 105 lpi Offset Press (newsprint paper) 85 lpi Offset Press (coated paper) 85-185 lpi
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Types of Paper Newsprint Paper
Chromo Paper
Newsprint is a low-cost, non-archival paper most commonly used to print newspapers, and other publications and advertising material. It usually has an off-white cast and distinctive feel. It is designed for use in printing presses that employ a long web of paper (web offset, letterpress and flexographic) rather than individual sheets of paper. Newsprint mainly consists of wood pulp.
China clay (kaolin) is coated on one side. The coating on one side could be glossy or matt as per requirement of the customer. It is Mainly used for self adhesive stickers, calendars , posters, labels and for applications where only one side has to be printed.
Wove Paper Wove paper is a writing paper with a uniform surface, not ribbed or watermarked. It is used in publishing, filtering, and chromatography.
Bond Paper Bond paper is a high quality durable writing paper similar to bank paper but having a weight greater than 50 g/m2. v . It is now used for letterheads, other stationery and as paper for electronic printers. Widely employed for graphic work involving pencil, pen and felt-tip marker, bond paper can sometimes contain rag fiber pulp, which produces a stronger, though rougher, sheet of paper.
Tracing Paper Tracing paper is a type of translucent paper. It is made by immersing uncut and unloaded paper of good quality in sulphuric acid for a few seconds. Tracing paper is resistant to oil, grease and to a large extent impervious to water.
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Art Paper Normally, china clay (kaolin) is coated on both sides of the paper. This finish of both the sides is same, be it glossy or matt. It has less absorption of ink and give good ink depth. It is used for Brochures, calendars, magazine covers, magazine text, where high quality printing is required.
Types of Binding
1. Perfect bind 2. Japanese stab stitch bind 3. Double loop ring-bind 4. Screw and post bind 5. Thermal tape bind 6. Ring-bind (folder) 7. Saddle stitch bind
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Field Visit: Art-O-Print
About Art-O-Print
Personal take-away
Founder: Mr. Biren Amin Art-O-Print is a partnership firm established in April 1996, specialize in printing and packaging materials. It manufacture large and small volumes of various products - cartons (including Braille cartons), labels, product literature, brochures, folders, stationery, calendars and corrugated boxes of 3 ply to 9 ply, etc. They have all prepress, press and post-press workflow in same place. They are one of the leading manufacturers, exporters dealing in Pharmaceutical Packaging Materials, Batch Counters and Pop-Up Cards such as Printing & Packaging, Cartons, Leaflets, Pharma Literatures, Visual Aids, Greeting Cards, Table Calenders, Foam Sheet Banners, Pharmaceutical Cartons, FMCG Cartons, Metalized Board Carton, Folding Literatures, Wet Glue Labels, Shopping Bags, Batch Counter Machines, Pharmaceutical Packaging Materials and Pharmaceutical Printing Materials.
Our visit was a great experience since we got to see all the machinery and set-up we had been reading and discussing in the classroom the following week. We had the opportunity to go through all the processes: pre-press, press and post press under one roof. We also got chance to see: 4 color, 6 color printing,processes like printing, die-cutting, finishing, embossing, packaging etc.
We were taken to another unit where the job included making corrugated cardboard. We had the chance to see how rolls of sheets are converted into 3ply, 5ply, 7 ply cardboard sheets and finally processed and finished to create carton packaging boxes.
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Poster Printing Assignment After a tour of the printing labs and understanding the technicalities of prining, we had to design a poster to be printed using offset & screen printing. The background had to be offset and the screen print would be for the forgorund. We as a groupdecided on the topic o “energy’. We displayed the dynamic form as fire in the bacground and the compressed / static form of energy as crystal ( to be screen printed). It was really exciting to design it and see it go through the all the processes for printing.
Process documentation
Creating the artwork
Studying the Master plate created for the Offset printing.
Printing the foreground of the poster
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Final Outcome
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Binding Sessions
Setting up the apparatus for perfect binding
Creating grooves to allow the gum to settle and bind sheets together
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Learning from the semester
There were modules which added a different skill set and helped us in growing individually as a designer and a human being too. Introduction to Design helped in laying the ground work for what was going to be a new dimension for learning the bits of design. Science and Liberal Arts helped us in learning to read and interpret art. It taught us to empathize; judge & understand aesthetics. Fundamentals of Visual design taught us to look at things with a new perspective; critically analyzing, arranging and presenting visuals to convey the message. Design Process gave us tools to tackle any challenge related to Design or life. It taught us to think, analyze, understand and solve a problem.
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Typography made us look at typefaces as individuals which had individual characteristics and magically they came alive. Image Making helped us to understand context, relationship between forms and text, positive and negative and visual messages. Production Process enriched our knowledge of print which is the most basic knowledge that a graphic design student needs in life. Lastly, I would like to thank NID, our faculty, guest faculty and staff members for making it and enriching and joyful experience.