Wellness Spa - Senior Capstone by Abigail Kern

Mind. Body. Spirit. A Holistic Spa for Holistic Healing

Dedication -

“Where would we all be without those father’s and mother’s, sister’s and brother’s, friends I’ve made, long lost lover’s. I wouldn’t be who I am today, if not for

those I’ve loved along the way”. - Eric Church

TA B L E O F 1. Introduction

10. Historiography

50. Guoshi

60. Technical

90. Programming

CONTENTS 20.. Woodloch

30. Civana

70. Topological

80. Site Context

100. Building

40. Euphoria

P RO J E C T I N T R Section One

ODUCTION

S A B O TA G E D Introduction

Many people would say that stress is a normal occurrence and is more of an irritation than a pertinent issue. This could not be further from the truth. Stress is “a feeling of emotional or physical tension” and can take on a chronic form.1 Stress can be positive, serving as motivation and a burst of energy. However, when it is felt for long periods of time and intensely, is begins to harm your health.2 The working individual is a demographic that suffers constantly and severely from stress. According to workplacementa lhea lth.org “Excessive workplace stress causes a staggering 120,000 deaths and results in nearly $190 billion in health care costs each year.”3 Princeton Research associates conducted a study and found that “75% of respondents said they the think that the worker has more on the job stress than a generation ago”.4 These users experience job stressors such as, economy, the job itself,

3 | Section 1

the organization they work for, its physical environment, management style, and the personal relationships they 5 have. Employees are overwork; spending more time at their workplace than at home.6 In a workplace environment, there are many distractions that take place which means “effort is required to gate out competing stimuli so that one can pay attention”. This effort causes mental fatigue, which leads to reduced function and tolerance.7

BY STRESS 3 A healthy life is built upon a hierarchy of needs. This hierarchy ranges from needs as basic as breathing to the need for leisure activities. A person’s hierarchy of wellness begins with one’s “Basic Psychological Integrity”. This category includes Respiration, Circulation, Nutrition, Sleep, Activity, Rest, and Comfort.8 What is something that all of these have in common? They can all be sabotaged by stress. Stress directly affects a person’s “heart, stomach and blood pressure issues, impaired cognitive function, lowered

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HOLISTIC

immunity, musculoskeletal and bone density issues, depression and certain cancers.â&#x20AC;?9 As soon as stress infiltrates a humanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s basic needs, the whole hierarchy fails to function. Stress has negative effects on both an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s body and their behaviors. Stress can induce headaches, muscle tension, fatigue, and high blood pressure, while causing memory loss, impeding learning ability, and causing frequent illness. Simultaneously, too much stress leads to anxiety, depression, lack of sleep and ultimately motivation.10

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Project

In order to combat the stress epidemic, the Four Seasons Hotel will be funding the construction of a Holistic Spa. The goal of this project is to provide a place where the stressed working individual can go to refresh, relax, and rebalance. This Holisitc Spa will be a place that provides healthy ways to combat the stresses of daily life. The proposed project will be centrally located in Philadelphia for easy access from surrounding offices and their employees. Instead of a destination spa, this project will be utilized as a day spa, or even an hour spa. The goal of the proposed project is to provide a place where the user can decompress and receive treatments whenever is convenient for them throughout their day. This is in hopes that the user will utilize the spa facilities daily in order to secure holistic habits.

S PA D E S I G N The spa will include services such as massage therapy, chromotherapy, facial treatments, fitness routines, various water therapies, healthy food choices, and sensory experiences. All of these amenities have strong impacts on the body such as improving circulation, the body’s defense, and physical endurance.11 The goal of this Holistic Spa is to guide the individual towards reaching “optimal functioning” both in mind, body, and spirit.12

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C R E AT E

It is imperative that this project have a holistic approach to healing, with Wellness at the forefront. Holistic Healing “considers the whole person – body, mind, spirit, and emotions – in order to create proper balance in life.”13 Wellness is an intrinsic part of Holistic Healing. It is defined as a conscious, deliberate process that requires a person to become aware of and make choices for a more satisfying lifestyle… Health habits include adequate sleep and rest, eating nourishing foods, getting enough exercise, participating in meaningful activity (e.g., meditation, relaxation)14

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BALANCE Client

The Four Seasons corporation has been paving the way for wellness resorts and spas all over the world and is considered “the world’s leading luxury hospitality company”.15 They are committed to “creating memorable spaces and experiences that enable guests to unwind, relax and recharge”.16 The Four Seasons pairs their projects with experts in healthy living, while creating awareness with their Global Wellness Day; providing activities at all of their locations. The Four Seasons wants to expand its spa portfolio to focus on a different user group than they usually target. They want to provide their luxury designs and amenities for a more affordable price in order bring wellness and holistic healing to the ma jority of people.

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OVERACTIVE User

The main users of the proposed Holistic Spa will have one thing in common, they are working individuals. These individuals will utilize the various amenities offered so they can combat their stress in whatever way they deem appropriate. Although the project needs to be thoughtfully designed with the comfort of the user in mind, it also needs to be designed to function properly for the staff.

The staff of the Spa need to be able to move about the space with ease and minimal distractions to the customers. They also need to have proper spaces adjacent to one another. For example, laundry shoots should be place throughout so that laundry stays out of site, but is easily accessible for the employees.

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CITY-DWELLER Location

The location of the building is in center city Philadelphia. It is within walking distance to and from corporate offices throughout the city. This makes it easily accessible for the user group. The building is located in a center city location because a city atmosphere produces its own types of stress for an individual. Living in the city “is taxing on both the body and the brain”.17 Emotions and anxiety become overactive in citydweller’s brains when they are stressed.18 In stressful situations, the amygdala or danger-sensor of the brain, becomes overactive.19 It is predicated that “by 2015, almost 70% of people are predicted to be living in urban areas…associated with increased risk for chronic disorders, a more demanding and stressful social environment”.20 Urban areas are in need of calming locations that can serve as a breath of fresh air with access to nature and holistic amenities. There’s evidence that “exposure to nature can help to immunize our brains against the effects of urban stress.”21

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INVEST IN

Demographic

Philadelphia is home to around 1.5 million people.22 The city population is almost split in half by two ma jor races with 44.8% of the population being white and 43.7% being Black or African American.23 52.7% of this population are listed as female.24 The goal of this Holistic Spa is to appeal to all of these demographics, especially those that exist within the workforce. Of the 1.5 million people in Philadelphia, 621,865 of them are employed.

The targeted age of the proposed project is ages 2045. Philadelphia rests right in the middle of that goal with 34.1 being the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s median age, with individuals between the ages of 25 and 34 having the highest employment rate.25 The urban demographic in general has difficulty feeling comfortable, secure, and in control. This is because of the space plan for the masses of the city that can make a person feel lost.26 This is exactly why Philadelphia needs a Holistic Spa environment to make the city dwellers feel grounded, in control, and balanced.

Socic-Economic

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In the past, a Spa was associated with the idea of wealth, but recently the high prices of materialistic treatments have been removed from the average personâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s budget. According to Philly Curbed, a Philadelphia resident needs to earn a salary of $60,000 per year in order

WELL-BEING to live comfortably in the city.27 In reality, the average per capita income of Philadelphia residents is $24,811, a significant amount under what it needs to be.28 The focus of Philadelphia residents is not about luxury, but about basic need. The proposed Holistic Project will be an “investment… in wellbeing” that is more affordable and effective.29 The design decisions of this Holistic Spa will be heavily based upon budget and what the user group would be able to afford.

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M E N TA L A N D Designer’s Role

Interior Design intertwines with the users of a space, effecting their emotions and inflicting a feeling “upon one’s consciousness”.30 The most crucial role of the designer for a Holistic Spa is to design for comfort and security. This will be achieved through designing for Thermal Comfort: the comfort of an individual in a space and their ability to make adjustments to the space if they become uncomfortable. It is pertinent that the designer focuses on ergonomics, universal design, and sustainable design in order to achieve this. The mental and physical needs of the user must go hand in hand with the design decisions made.

Research Methods 15

13 | Section 1

The design of a Holistic Spa is centered around alleviating the stress of an individual. A ma jority of the research that will be completed for this project will be in an attempt to learn what

PHSYSIC AL are the causes of stress in oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s daily life and what strategies are most successful in coping with it. This information will be discovered not only by using articles, books, and journals, but by receiving information directly from people through the form of interviews. The goal of this research is to identify what stresses people out and learn what type of solutions they would like to see presented in a Holistic Spa. The other form of research that will be conducted is identifying, visiting, and analyzing various case studies of the project type. These studies will be able to show what design choices succeed in a Holistic Spa and of course what fails. Finally, professionals in the field such as spa consultants and wellness design architects will guide the design and relay what they have seen as trending in the Spa realm.

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S U S TA I N I N G Sustainability

Holistic design focuses not only on the well-being of the user that interacts with space, but is also about the health of the space interacting with the planet. There are six dimensions to well-being. One of these putsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; focus on environmental health.31 The proposed project will respect environmental health through adaptability, alternate energy, and conscious material choices. The Holistic Spa will be adaptable because it will maintain building comfort throughout all times of the day and seasons. This means it will utilize passive strategies such as daylighting, natural air ventilation, and thermal comfort. Alternate energy sources such as photometric panels and wind turbines will be incorporated to reduce the energy consumption of the project. Finally, materials that have sustainable attributes will be used all throughout the space.

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H E A LT H

16 | Section 1

End Notes 1.

“Stress and Your Health: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia.” MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003211.htm.

Ibid.,

“Workplace Stress.” Partnership for Workplace Mental Health. Accessed September 3, 2019. http://workplacementalhealth.org/ Mental-Health-Topics/Workplace-Stress.

Ibid.,

Blonna, Coping with Stress in a Changing World, 522.

https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/atus.pdf

7. 8.

Blonna, Richard. Coping with Stress in a Changing World. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007,

Mode. “The Connection Between Space and Wellness: Think.” Little. Accessed September 3, 2019. https://www.littleonline.com/think/the-connection-between-space-and-wellness.

10.

“How Stress Affects Your Body and Behavior.” Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, April 4, 2019. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress-symptoms/art-20050987.

11.

“Benefits of Spa Treatments for Stress Awareness Month.” A Healthier Michigan, June 7, 2019. https://www.ahealthiermichigan. org/2013/04/19/benefits-of-spa-treatments-for-stress-awareness-month/.

12.

Blonna, Coping with Stress in a Changing World, 13.

13.

Mohan, Carmen Patrick. “Holistic Medicine: What It Is, Treatments, Philosophy, and More.” WebMD.

14.

15.

16.

17.

“Stress and the City.” Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers. Accessed November 5, 2019. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mind-wandering/201208/stress-and-the-city.

18.

Jha, Alok. “City Living Affects Your Brain, Researchers Find.” The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, June 22, 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/ science/2011/jun/22/city-living-afffects-brain.

19.

Ibid.,

20.

Ibid.,

21.

“Stress and the City.” Psychology Today

22.

“U.S. Census Bueau QuickFacts: Philadelphia Count, Pennsylvania.”

23.

Ibid.,

17 | Section 1

26.

Ibid.,

27.

“Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2019.” Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Population 2019 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). Accessed September 3, 2019. http:// worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/philadelphia-population/#targetText=According to the most recent,Asian: 7.10%.

28.

Moller, Architectural Environment and Our Mental Health, 36-37.

29.

Romero, Melissa. “Here’s How Much Money You Need to Live Comfortably in Philly.” Curbed Philly. Curbed Philly, April 21, 2016. https:// philly.curbed.com/2016/4/21/11472352/philly-salary-live-comfortably#targetText=If you follow the 50,able to live in Philadelphia.

30.

“U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania.” Census Bureau QuickFacts. Accessed September 3, 2019. https:// www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacountypennsylvania.

31.

Higgins, Michelle. “In Tough Times, Spas Stress Stress.” The New York Times. The New York Times, February 4, 2009. https://www. nytimes.com/2009/02/08/travel/08pracspa.html.

32.

Moller, Clifford B. Architectural Environment and Our Mental Health. New York: Horizon Press, 1968, 22.

33.

Blonna, Coping with Stress in a Changing World, 13.

Image Citations 1.

Pepmiba, Everyone Inside: Its time to swim, Digital Image, Getty Image, https://www.thespruce.com/indoor-swimming-pool-designs-4691696

People Working, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/QckxruozjRg

Macaspac, Arm out of Water, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/bmM_IdLd1SA

Wright, Cali Life, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/74XTZA0i2Q4

Man Massaging Woman’s Body, Heftiba, Digital Image, Unsplash, Accessed September 2, 2019. https://unsplash.com/photos/a9pFSC8dTlo

George, Green and Brown Leaf Plant, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5sF6NrB1MEg

Man Standing While Raising his Hands at Seashore, Michele, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/hOj3-0lTK8E

Four Seasons Dubai, Digital Image, Fact-Magazine, https://fact-magazine.com/index.php/2018/03/03/fact-spa-wellness-awardsdubai-2018-longlist/

Four Seasons Budapest, Digital Image, Four Seasons, https://www.fourseasons.com/budapest/spa/

10.

Hand on Computer, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5fNmWej4tAA

11.

Fontano, Philadelphia, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5fNmWej4tAA

12.

Green, Fans, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5fNmWej4tAA

13.

Dumlao, Money, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5fNmWej4tAA

14.

Hurst, Philadelphia, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/5fNmWej4tAA

15.

Ax90, Plant, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/bmM_IdLd1SA

16.

Barbalis Verticale, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/bmM_IdLd1SA

17.

Kruciene, Its Yoga Time, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/Tq9Ln3gpiG4

18.

Gucklhorn, Solar Panels, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/bmM_IdLd1SA

18 | Section 1

H I S TO R I O Section Two

GRAPHY

HYGIENIC

This Section is about the history of the Spa. It will discuss the transition from ancient baths to modern day spas and touch upon how wellness is not necessarily a modern concept.

History Baths were the creation of spas in their earliest forms. The city of Rome, Italy possesses some of the most impressive examples of ancient baths. These baths began simply as a place for bathing.1 This was at a time before Romans had their own

individual bath houses.2 The baths were said to be open to the public and often had an entry fee.3 Although one could argue that Rome has the most substantial history of ancient baths, these types of public spaces have appeared all over the world. An extremely wellpreserved example has been located in Tunisia, Northern Africa.4 Other examples that have been researched can be found in Japan, Mesopotamia, Nordic Regions and in German Lands.5 Though placed in vastly different cultural settings, all of

21 | Section 2

B AT H I N G these historical examples share important concepts.

Location Ancient baths were considered to be an “urban amenity”.6 They became amenities because of the people’s need for hygiene and for social interaction.7 The involvement of the baths in the public’s daily lives relates directly to their monumental size and design. The interior spaces had to provide for various activities and social situations so they became extremely complex.8 These structures would eventually house spaces such as gymnasiums, classes, and health facilities. What was once a simple bath house, would become a social hub for a plethora of individuals.

Demographic Although the baths were public, they were also known to emphasize the social and economic boundaries between rich and poor. A driving force that created the division between rich and poor was the rule that the baths were open to the public as long as they could pay the entry fee.9 This caused only the rich to be able

22 | Section 2

MECCA OF

to utilize the amenities. The ancient baths emphasized the social and economic boundaries between rich and poor. As baths gained popularity, they became a symbol of power and wealth.

In German areas the Spa Commission would have police “carefully remove beggars, repulsive and disgusting objects…for the comfort of visitors”.13

Socio-Economic

Materiality

As time went on, society began to see the rise of the middle class.10 In Graham Davis speaks about the history of spas in Victorian Society. He mentions

The idea of elite wealth and power undoubtedly had an impact on the material choices of these baths and spas. The ancient baths, or Kaiserthermen in Germany, were constructed by Imperial Rome.14 The walls, floors, and ceilings were “covered

“The city was being transformed from the mecca of the rich, in search of amusement, to a retreat for the pensioners and annuitants of the aspiring middle class.”11 This socioeconomic change took place not only in Victorian cities, but also German lands. These German areas were forming a “hybrid status” which attempted to remove the barrier between the bourgeois and the nobles.12 Even though society was changing, spas still put emphasis on wealth and the upper class.

23 | Section 2

THE RICH in beautiful colored marble, mirror and mosaics” just as they were in Italy.15 The Ancient History Encyclopedia refers to these buildings as “sumptuous affairs” in other words defining them as expensive looking.16

Through the chronological history of the spa similar issues and theories arise around the design due to the fluctuation of popularity and use. Ancient Baths, especially in Roman times, experienced decreased popularity due to disease and an increase in morality. The spread of contagious disease was a common result because the baths were a place that anyone could come clean themselves. Some of these diseases included syphilis, plague, and leprosy.17 As baths became a place for “relaxation and pleasure” they became centers for intimate activities due to the “deterioration of morals”.18 When Christianity began to rise after the fall of the Roman Empire, people began to gain morals and believed that “worship and praying was regarded as more important than a medicinal bath”. This

24 | Section 2

THE PURSUIT resulted in the closure of bathing facilities.19 When the baths reached peak popularity, it was believed that these baths, or spas, provided health benefits to the user. The term Thermae, referring to the large bathing complexes in Rome “represents a symbol of power, wellness and lifestyle”.20 The first person who believed in a bath’s healing power was Hippocrates in 400 BC. He believed that “bathing was … more than a simple hygienic measure; it was healthy and beneficial for most diseases”.21 Another philosopher Asclepiades encouraged restorative methods such as “healthy diet, exposure to light, hydrotherapy, massage, and physical exercise”.22 Even in the 1800s, these ideas were reinstated when “curing and pleasure were joined in one place dedicated…to the pursuit of health.”23

North Africa The first precedent is the Public Baths or Hammams of Tunisia. The area of Tunisia in North Africa was occupied by the native

25 | Section 2

O F H E A LT H people called Berbers.24 These baths, built by the Roman Empire around 100 AD, provide an incredible understanding of space planning that actually spans across different cultures. The Tunisia baths utilize “polygonales forms” such as rectangles and squares that are always proportional to each other.25 Using these geometries, the bath is divided first into two types of large areas.

Italy

“

“ 8

The natural healing force within is the greatest force in getting well.

- Hypocrates

These large areas include the changing room and the bathing room.26 The spatial organization is split a second time into “two different entities: a wet zone and a dry zone”. Both of these zones were arranged with a “nucleus” or large square gathering space surrounded by smaller, yet proportional rectangular spaces.27 The Tunisia Bath design, similar to that of Roman Bath design followed the main principle that cold space would be oriented toward the north and warm spaces, the south.28 These baths were “massive [in] scale” and acted as a landmark for the city.29

The Italian origins of the Tunisian Baths, introduces the Baths of Catania in Sicily. This building, built in 1873, provides a unique understanding of thermal techniques used in ancient times. This precedent reveals the Italian use of a Hypocastum.30 A hypocastum is a space heating system that distributes heat through hollow

26 | Section 2

MODERN

floors and walls. This heat was created by burning wood.31 In order for this head to transfer, the hypocaust or raised floor was around 75 centimeters (29 inches) high.32 Floor heights and Hypocaust heights continued to climb through the baths so that as the heat rose it would travel throughout the spaces.33 Like the Tunisian baths, these heated rooms were placed at the south end of the complexes.

27 | Section 2

Ancient bathing practices and structures provide inspiration throughout all time periods in history. Peter Zumthor’s 1996, the Thermal Vals, aims to “luxuriate and rediscover the ancient benefits of bathing.”34 He begins to incorporate mental healing into his design with a sense of “meandering between blocks” providing a sense of meditation.35 As ancient Romans did, Zumthor utilizes thick structure of hard material creating thermal qualities and a monumental presence. He re-emphasizes the importance of water in baths and uses it as a wayfinding device.

INFLUENCE Concluaion

Baths in ancient times to spas in the 19 centuries have influenced modern day spa design. Theories that seem to be new and innovative have actually been a part of spa culture since before Christ. Exercise, hydrotherapy, aromatherapy, biophilia, lecture, and diet were all incorporated in the Spa program of ancient civilizations. Designers should always look back to history because the solution may not be new, it may just have gotten lost along the way.

28 | Section 2

End Notes 1.

Cartwright, Mark. “Roman Baths.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, September 5, 2019. https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Baths/.

View Article: Baths & Bathing as an Ancient Roman. Accessed September 8, 2019. https://depts.washington.edu/hrome/Authors/kjw2/BathsBathinginAncientRome/pub_zbarticle_view_printable.html.

Wood, Karl E. Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013, 21.

Bouraoui, Ines. “THE ARCHITECTURE OF PUBLIC BATHS OF TUNISIA: A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS.” ArchNet. Accessed September 8, 2019. http://archnet-ijar.net/index.php/IJAR/article/view/284/314.

Wood, Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, 11.

Bouraoui, Ines, “THE ARCHITECTURE OF PUBLIC BATHS OF TUNISIA: A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS.”, 80.

Wood, Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century,

Bouraoui, Ines, “THE ARCHITECTURE OF PUBLIC BATHS OF TUNISIA: A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS.”, 82.

Cartwright, “Roman Baths.”

10.

Davis, Graham. Bath As Spa and Bath As Slum: The Social History of a Victorian City. Edwin Mellen Press, 2009. 28.

11.

Ibid., 28.

12.

Wood, Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, 21.

13.

Wood, Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, 34.

14.

View Article: Baths & Bathing as an Ancient Roman. Accessed September 8, 2019. https://depts.washington.edu/hrome/Authors/kjw2/BathsBathinginAncientRome/pub_zbarticle_view_printable.html.

15.

Cartwright, “Roman Baths.”

16.

Tubergen, A Van. “A Brief History of Spa Therapy.” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61, no. 3 (January 2002): 273–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.61.3.273.

17.

Ibid.,

18.

Ibid.,

19.

Gagliano, A, M Liuzzo, G Margani, and W Pettinato. “Thermo-Hygrometric Behaviour of Roman Thermal Buildings: the ‘Indirizzo’ Baths of Catania (Sicily).” In Energy and Buildings, 138:704–15. Elsevier, n.d. 704.

20.

Tubergen, “A Brief History of Spa Therapy.”

21.

Yapijakis, Christos. “Hippocrates of Kos, the Father of Clinical Medicine, and Asclepiades of Bithynia, the Father of Molecular Medicine*.” In Vivo. Accessed September 8, 2019. http://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/23/4/507.full#targetText=Hippocratic medicine was influenced by,bile, phlegm and blood).

22. 23.

29 | Section 2

Wood, Health and Hazard: Spa Culture and the Social History of Medicine in the Nineteenth Century, 26. Bouraoui, Ines, “THE ARCHITECTURE OF PUBLIC BATHS OF TUNISIA: A TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS.”, 80.

24.

Ibid., 87.

25.

Ibid., 82.

26.

Ibid., 87.

27.

Ibid., 87.

28.

Ibid., 82.

29.

Gagliano, Liuzzo, Margani, Pettinato. “Thermo-Hygrometric Behaviour of Roman Thermal Buildings.” 704.

30.

Ibid., 707.

31.

Ibid., 705.

32.

Ibid., 707.

33. 34.

O’Grady, Elena. “The Therme Vals / Peter Zumthor.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, February 11, 2009. https:// www.archdaily.com/13358/the-therme-vals. Ibid.,

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Vintage Map of Solent, Spratt, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/Uk3t05ndSng

Brown Pillars beside body of Water, Hodge, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/ zRsb7_va8UY

Detail of the Campus Martius, Byer, Hoffman, Cho, Digital Image using Photoshop, Journal 18, http:// www.journal18.org/issue5/a-digital-extension-of-a-roman-cartographic-classic-the-1748-nolli-mapand-its-legacy/

Two Euro Banknotes, Dubovan, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/Y_x747Yshlw.

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Ruins of the Ancient Baths at Carthage, Tunisia, Robinson, Digital Image, Britannica, https://www. britannica.com/place/Carthage-ancient-city-Tunisia

A Mosaic of a Boy Catching Birds Carthage, Tunisia, Lawrence, Digital Image, Britannica, https://www. britannica.com/place/Carthage-ancient-city-Tunisia

10.

Scrimshaw, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/ebbFZvavGy4

11.

The Roman Baths in Piazza Duomo, Digital Image, Mamma Sicily, https://www.mammasicily.com/ sites-of-interest-in-sicily/archeological-catania.html.

12.

Man Floating on Water, Stone, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/hCTLx7QrE-w.

30 | Section 2

T H E L O D G E AT

Section Three

WO O D L O C H

1 Spa Exterior | 1

COMPLETELEY Introduction

This section will discuss various Case Studies that relate to the proposed project. The information presented for each case study will analyze topics like climate, site, design concept, and interior design in order to guide the design of the proposed project.

Overview The first case study is The Lodge at Woodloch, a spa located in the Pocono region of Pennsylvania, specifically in the city of Hawley. This spa is part of a larger Lodge resort that has restaurants, hotel rooms, and other activities. The spa itself consists of three floors, totaling in a total of 27,000 square feet. Woodloch had a high construction budget due to its size and vast array of amenities for the destination resort. The users of the spa are â&#x20AC;&#x153;high-end luxury travelers with a strong popensity for wellness in their livesâ&#x20AC;?. There are more women that utilize the spa than men. The perecentage is about 65% guests that are women and 35% that are men.

33 | Section 3.1

Entry | 2

Exterior | 3

S U R RO U N D E D This building is located in an extremely rural area. It is completely surrounded by trees and nature.

Hawley, Pennsylvania is located in a temperate climate. This climate experiences all seasons throughout the year. The building pays attention to its climate in only a few ways. The Lodge at Woodloch is oriented so that its longest sides face North and South and the short ends are facing East and West.

The windows of the spa are located on the north, south, and east sides of the building in order to gain the most daylight. This daylight can also provide extra heat in the winter months from the southern side. The building protects a natural glacial bog and utilizes local materials. The Lodge, however, utilizes an HVAC system instead of operable windows to allow breezes which would increase the interaction with the temperate climate.

Site Map | 4

34 | Section 3.1

CONNECTION Design Concept

The exterior of the lodge is a modern interpretation of a cabin. It is comprised of wood trusses and beams with accent stone. The ma jority of the exterior is covered with wood that represents its connection to nature. The concept for the interior spa reflects that of the exterior. It is inspired by nature. The building capitalizes on its surroundings by using large windows that are not only seen on the exterior, but also provide the interiors with an abundance of natural light. The view and access to the outdoors is the focal point of the interiors and therefore is designed to optimize the connection to nature. The wood and stone are also carried through the interior of the spa, creating a cohesive look.

Exterior Pool | 6

35 | Section 3.1

TO N AT U R E

Interior Pool | 7

36 | Section 3.1

C O N S TA N T

Floorplan

This spa consists of three different floors. The most private floor being the first floor and the most public being the third. The most important floor in terms of hierarchy is the second floor which is the main floor. This is where the reception and entry are located. This second floor is mostly divided between gender. The women and the men each have their own access to separate lockers, showers, toilets, and wet areas.

The Second floor (the main floor) is also the most important in hierarchy because it includes the large indoor/outdoor swimming pool. All of the treatment rooms and two lounges are located on the first floor. This floor is partially underground, with light only coming in from the back-porch areas so it makes sense to place the most private spaces here. The third floor, the most public, is where the fitness area is located. The fitness area and studios can also be utilized by people not spending a day at the spa so there is constant circulation through the space.

PROGRAM: THE LODGE AT WOODLOCH Space Number Adjacencies Approx Sq. Ft. Privacy Entry 1 stairs, offices, boutique, salon 300 Public Treatment 26 restroom, lounge 3600 Private 13 Shower Area toilets, lockers, lounge 900 Semi-Private Locker Area showers, toilets, lounge, wet rooms 900 Public 2 showers, lockers, toilets, wet rooms, 2 stairs 660 Public Pre-treatment Lounge Whisper Lounge treatment rooms, toilets, porch 840 Public 1 Conference consultation rooms, fitness 160 Private 1 Office entry, consultation rooms, fitness 585 Private 6 Restroom Salon Boutique Exterior Spaces Gym Fitness Studios Fitness Lounge Wet Areas Indoor Pool Circulation

37 | Section 3.1

6 1 1 3 1 4 1 6 1

treatment rooms, wet rooms, fitness boutique, entry salon, entry wet areas, whisper lounge fitness studios, fitness lounge, offices

650 315 315 2500

Private Semi-Private Public Public

2520

Public

fitness room, offices, fitness lounge fitness room, fitness studios, offices lockers, lounge, porch, pool porch, wet areas

1600 250 500 1500 10,000

Semi-Private Public Semi-Private Public Public

C I R C U L AT I O N

Program and Adjacency Diagram

There are three staircases that allow you to move vertically through the space. Two of these staircases flank the entry and can be used to access the fitness level without entering the spa. The other staircase is located centrally in the spa area, allowing for circulation between pretreatment and treatment areas. An elevator is placed at both of these staircases as well to allow for accessibility. There is an HVAC system in the spa. These systems are used to heat the interior when the temperate climate experiences colder weather, and cools when the climate experiences warm weather. This shows no dependent relation of the building to the climate

38 | Section 3.1

P ROT E C T

Sustainability

The Spa at Woodloch does not have a holistic design approach, but does implement some sustainable methods. According to the spa manager at Woodloch, due to the resort’s geographic location, “It was built to protect the natural glacial bog(a wetland ecosystem) that surrounds the private lake”. The rest of the sustainable methods are not ingrained in the architecture. The spa utilizes some sustainable materials throughout the space. It also reduces waste by providing filtered water systems and affixed bathroom amenities for refills instead of throwing out plastic cups and small bathroom bottles.

Materials The predominate flooring material throughout the spa is carpet. The secondary flooring material is tile. This tile is found in all of the wet spaces such as showers, toilets, saunas, pool, etc. The fitness lounge has LVT flooring and the gym itself has VCT.

39 | Section 3.1

Locker Room | 8

The treatment rooms, are designed with cork flooring which is a sustainable product. The predominate wall finishes are various wallcoverings that are accented by paints and wood slat walls. In relation to geographic location Woodloch Spa “tries to use local artisan or stonework for use in the building to reduce the carbon footprint.”

N AT U R A L Furniture The lounge areas include plush couches and chairs that assert a level of comfort in the space. Seating nooks are cut into the walls to create cozy seating areas and allow for more people to be in the space. The Whisper Lounge, a place for peace and quiet, is lined with individual chaise lounges to signify alone time. The other lounges, however have seating configurations of sofas and chairs to encourage socialization. These seating arrangements focus on the view through the windows or the various fireplaces throughout the space. These fire places utilize the local stone, which enhance the feeling of a lodge. Lounge | 9

40 | Section 3.1

Color

REFLECT

The Woodloch Spa utilizes warm colors. The color scheme is monochromatic using a range of whites, tans, and browns. The darker tones of brown are used in the treatment areas in order to reflect the calm and private atmosphere. The lighter tones of tan and bright whites are used in active areas. These active areas include the fitness studios and social lounges where physical activity and social interaction must be encouraged. The bright whites are also located in the spaces that have the floor to ceiling windows. The white is able to reflect the natural light in the space in order to brighten the space even more.

Natural Light Diagram

Color Percentage Diagram

41 | Section 3.1

N AT U R A L Lighting

Lighting in the Woodloch Spa differs greatly from floor to floor. Natural light is used as the main source of light on both the second and third floors. These are the more public areas which thrive with this kind of light. Artificial light, such as pendants, sconces, and recessed are used on the first floor with dimming control. It is low lit to provide a serence and calming ambiance in the Whisper Lounge | 10

therapeutic areas.

Decoration

Lounge | 11

The decoration in the spa is minimal. The attention of the user is aimed at the windows and stone fireplaces. The artwork that is used around the space, however, is used to remind the user of nature. This is done by wall hanging elements utilizing texture and wood. The central staircase circles around a large flower sculpture, bringing the connection of nature to the most interior point of the Spa.

42 | Section 3.1

RELIEF AND Wayfinding

Throughout the spa, there are plaques out side of each room informing the user of its purpose. The layout of space is simple and easy to navigate for the user. Attendants take userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s on a tour before their spa visit as well in order to familiarize them with the space.

Post Occupany The post occupancy surveys contained positive feedback overall. The guests reacted positively to the sound levels throughout the spa. One guest enjoyed that soothing sounds such as nature and white noise were piped through the space. They especially enjoyed the experience of the waterfall and the atmosphere that it created. Water seems to be a frequent favorite for the guests at Woodloch. One spa attendant Brooke, mentions that guests love the exterior infinity pool and hydrotherapy waterfall.

43 | Section 3.1

Natural light and the connection to nature is favored by guests and employees aswell. It seems like there is a base level of relief and relaxation when placed in nature. Brooke mentions that she enjoys the size of the property because it provides opportunities for various activities, but it also gives a sense of privacy. Nancy, an interviewed user, mentions that the use of windows for light is successful because it does not affect the interior temperature. This is a very relevant concept to think about for sustainability. The guests also enjoyed the warm color scheme because they do not think bright colors are appropriate for a spa. The only ma jor negative was that some spaces should be larger. For example, Brooke mentioned that she wished the fitness studios were larger in order to accommodate all the participants. This extension of space is no surprise because the spa is constantly gaining popularity.

Wet v. Dry Spaces Diagram

Public v. Private Diagram

R E L A X AT I O N

44 | Section 3.1

FLEXIBILITY

Evaluation

The overall decoration and FFE of the Spa are elegant and calming. The space planning and amenities provided seem a bit traditional. Functionally, I believe the space works and I would like to take that success as a reference for my project. The use of natural light was refreshing, so much so that the first-floor treatment area felt dark and stuffy in comparison. Natural light used appropriately in those spaces might have made a difference.

I also would like to take from this case study the flexibility of the user. One user was able to spend a day at the spa with access to the pool, treatments, and fitness area, while another user was able just participate in the fitness activities. I think the color scheme and material choices were successful because they brought a modern feel to the idea of a lodge. In contrast to the idea of heavy timber, dark colors, and deer antlers, this space embraced natural life in its design while focusing on enhancing the nature that is right outside its windows. I think the fluidity of interior space to exterior space was extremely successful. Even though the proposed project is in a city, I still think the connection with nature is extremely important. How do you bring the seclusion of a lodge in nature to the dense congestion of the city?

Exterior | 12

45 | Section 3.1

IN THE USER

Yoga Studio | 13

46 | Section 3.1

Image Citations 1.

Arceo, Exterior Entry, Digital Image, Giggles and Gulps, https://gigglesgobblesandgulps.com/lodgeat-woodloch-spa-resort/

Entry, Digital Image, Cooper Carry, https://www.coopercarry.com/projects/the-lodge-at-woodlochspa-resort/

Arceo, Back of Building, Digital Image, Giggles and Gulps, https://gigglesgobblesandgulps.com/lodgeat-woodloch-spa-resort/

Kern, A, 2019, Map, Document Scan

Kern, A, 2019, Exterior Pool, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, 2019, Interior Pool, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, 2019, Locker Room, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, 2019, Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lounge, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, 2019, Whisper Lounge, Unpublished Photo

10.

Kern, A, 2019, Lounge Casework, Unpublished Photo

11.

Building, Digital Image, Cooper Carry, https://www.coopercarry.com/projects/the-lodge-at-woodlochspa-resort/

12.

Kern, A, 2019, Fitness Studio, Unpublished Photo

47 | Section 3.1

48 | Section 3.1

C I VA N A : s p a

Section Three

resor t sanctuar y

A DA P T I V E

Overview

Civana, a wellness spa located in Carefree, Arizona, is a spa grounded on four pillars: Movement, Spa, Nourishment, and Discovery. It is a useful case study because of its different climate and approach spatial design. This 21,000 sqft spa is located in the Saguaro Dessert and is part of a large resort sanctuary. In addition to the Spa itself, spa amenities such as a café and fitness area are spread throughout the resort resulting in more square footage. Civana, is an adaptive reuse project, designed by 3rd Story Architects. The spa quarters itself was a renovation of an already existing therapy pool building from the 50s. This wellness spa was designed to be a 4 star renovation which means¬, the spa would have similar quality of amenities as a 5 star would, but at a much more affordable rate. With the goal of a 4 star resort in mind, the budget for this project was less expansive than a typical one.

51 | Section 3.2

The spa exceeded the proposed budget due to intense problems with the existing structure. This relaxation destination is located just outside the busy downtown area of Carefree. Carefree is a very quaint area with a population of only 3600 residents. Among this population there is a wide range of socioeconomic classes. According to Data USA, Carefree has a median income of $96,000 dollars with a ma jority of its resident’s receiving a $200,000 plus income a year. Like most places, however, this area experiences a range of people that are “surviving” to people that are incredibly wealthy. Part of the large success of Carefree’s economy is that this town does not allow chain corporations.

REUSE

Site Plan | 3

52 | Section 3.2

A F F O R DA B L E All of the shops, restaurants, and services are unique to Carefree and cannot be found anywhere else. This trend can even be seen with Civana. The Marriott chain attempted to buy and fund the wellness spa. Though the budget could have been exponentially higher, the town refused because it would not support the culture that has been established there.

With the differences in economic backgrounds and even the economic backgrounds of those visitors not from Carefree, it was essential that the spa be an affordable amenity for anyone to use. If Civana were to have been built as a 5 star attraction, the costs would have sky rocketed to $2,000-$4,000 dollars per night. Instead, the 4 star renovation allows for prices to range from $600$800 dollars for comparable treatments.

Exterior Pool | 4

53 | Section 3.2

AMENITY

Arizona experiences an arid climate. This climate can be broken down into two seasons. Summer, commonly known as Monsoon Season, lasts from June â&#x20AC;&#x201C; September. During this time, temperatures can reach up to and exceed 120 degrees. This is a time when the residents of Arizona remain inside moving from one cool space to another. This is also a period when Monsoons or dust and rain storms hit Southern Arizona, causing limited sight during the afternoons. The second season occurs during the remaining months, OctoberMay. The temperature during this time stays around 60-70 degrees with low humidity and encourages outdoor activity and adventure. This climate relates to the design on one vital level. The building needs to keep the users cool in the Summer Season and encourage indoor-outdoor fluidity all the other times of the year.

Resort Stair | 5

54 | Section 3.2

RESPECT ADO BE Exterior | 6 Heating a building in Arizona is quite simple and does not take too much energy. Keeping the building cool, however, can present real hardships, especially when considering sustainability. Arizonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vernacular design consists of adobe construction with wood log structures and decoration. The resort Civana, as a whole, mimics and respects this tradition of vernacular architecture, containing shaded exterior courtyards and Adobe design. The structure is not true Adobe, but the renovation added out-sulation to the existing stone structure that creates the look of a smooth surface with smooth corners. This will be discussed later on in the section.

55 | Section 3.2

Main Stair | 7

VERNACULAR Design Concept

The exterior of the building utilizes the concept of a modern adobe structure and is related to the interior design through one common idea: minimalism. Unlike the interior, the exterior would look out of place in any other location. Although the exterior facades utilize clean lines and rectangular forms, the hint of adobe influence is strong. The interior relates less to the vernacular and simply focuses on Minimalism. A minimal design is a conscious choice, not just a result of a modern approach. This wellness spa is a place to focus and re-balance the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inner self. The focus must be internal. A minimal design helps to take away distraction and clutter that may hinder the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ability to internalize the experience.

56 | Section 3.2

Program Adjacency Diagram

TERME AND

57 | Section 3.2

S AU N A R I U M Floorplan

Civana is a two-story spa. The first level is most prominent in hierarchy because it contains the entry and large lap pool. This level can be understood by breaking it into three sections. The first section is called The Pre-Treatment area. This is home to all of the amenities utilized before entering the treatment rooms. These areas include the entry, retail, salon, mens and womens spaces that both provide lockers, showers, toilets, steam rooms, and lounges. PROGRAM: Civana Space Entry

Number 1

Treatment Shower Area

22 2

Locker Area

Pre-treatment Lounge Staff/back of house lounges Office

2 2 1 1

Restroom

Salon Boutique

1 1

Exterior Spaces

hub prep

2 2

mechanical, storage, equip 13 Wet Areas Indoor Pool Circulation

3 1

The second section of this level is the treatment area itself. This treatment area included 5 dry treatment rooms, 3 wet treatment rooms, as well as the Terme, spa involving water and Saunarium, a Sauna with temperature control. The support spaces make up the final section of the first level. This is where the laundry, employee break room, and employee prep areas are located. The lap pool and watsu pool ( a form of hydrotherapy) are part of the first level as an outdoor amenity.

Adjacencies Approx Sq. Ft. Privacy Salon, Boutique, Office, Pre1000 Public treatment Indoor Pool, Locker, Pre-treatment 3700 Private Restroom, Locker, Pre-treatment 420 Private Pre-treatment, wet area, shower, 840 Public restroom wet area, shower, restroom, locker 800 Public mechanical, hub 830 Private treatment, restroom 1100 Public entry, pre-treatment 110 Private pre-treatment, treatment, staff, 1000 Private lounge boutique, entry, exterior 500 Public salon, entry, exterior 500 Public salon, boutique, pre-treatment, 3300 Public lounge mechanical, staff, treatment 360 Public treatment, staff, hub 270 Private staff, indoor pool, locker, roof, 1500 Private exterior pre-treatment, locker, indoor pool 450 Public wet area, treatment 1700 Public

58 | Section 3.2

PROXIMITY

The second level can be considered mostly treatment space. There are two couple’s treatment suites and 12 dry treatment rooms. The users of these treatment rooms can access the Relaxation room and Exterior patio on this level as well. In order for the spa to function properly, back of house spaces must be included on this level as well such as laundry chute, attic and roof access, and more prep rooms. Though not part of the spa building itself, the fitness, yoga, and café amenities are all located in close proximity to the spa on the resort campus.

It revolves around the two story Terme space that is centrally located. In terms of Wayfinding, the signs are very discreet in an attempt to not cause too much attraction. Each space, excluding the treatment rooms, has the name etched into the entry glass door.

Circulation Civana has two points of vertical circulation. The public staircase is located in the middle of the building with an elevator directly adjacent to it. The other, is a back of house employee circulation that connects the First Level’s BOH areas with those of the Second Level. Horizontal circulation is, for the most part, circular.

59 | Section 3.2

Tepidarium | 10

Publicv Private DIAgram

TO THE SPA

60 | Section 3.2

MORE ENERGY Environmental

The building does utilize an HVAC system, but it includes an air economizer. On a base level, all the mechanical systems include 20% fresh air. This way, the air quality is always circulating. The air economizer uses the returning cooler air in the system to cool the incoming supply air. This process drops the exterior temperature from 140 degrees to an interior of 50. These economizers “raise our SEER values to the mid-twenties (that’s very good!)”.1 This SEER measurement divides the output of cool air by the amount of energy it takes to create that cool air in order to calculate the system’s efficiency.

Sustainability

Solar Panels | 11

61 | Section 3.2

Sustainability was not an integral system of the original building. The renovation to create Civana provided opportunities for sustainable measures to be taken and added to the building in order to improve its impact on the greater planet.

THAN NEEDED Solar Panels are the most successful example of a sustainable implementation the design has to offer. This success is due to the intense amounts of sun that Arizona receives yearround, especially in its summer months. These solar panels generate more energy than is needed in the summer, creating a building that is almost fully dependent on an alternative energy source.

do not need to waste energy being transported. This results in lower CO2 pollution rates because a truck transport has been eliminated. The piping throughout the spa is equipped to collect grey water, or wastewater from sinks, baths, etc. This water is filtered and stored and is used to irrigate the surrounding vegetation and landscaping in order to save drinking water for its purpose.

As mentioned previously, a constant struggle for a building in this climate is internal temperature regulation. Civana utilizes Out-Sulation. The original building has a masonry skin. Stone is known for its ability to absorb and release heat.

Civana, utlizes landscaping and biophelia to enhance the presents of native plants and existing ecosystems.

In order to prevent more heat gain than necessary, foam insulation boards were placed over top of this masonry skin in order to keep the heat from absorbing into the stone and in result, save on energy costs. Civana is designed with onsite laundry facilities. Since the laundry can be done at the spa itself, the loads of laundry

Coupleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Patio | 12

62 | Section 3.2

S E AT I N G Furniture

Lounge | 13

Materials There are three common finishes that occur equally throughout the entire spa. Wall to Wall Carpet is placed in the corridors, dry treatment rooms, and lounge areas. Tile, is used in all of the wet spaces as flooring and wall applications. Depending on the type of wet massage treatment, tile must also be placed on the ceiling to allow all surfaces to get wet. The most predominant wall treatment is paint. Throughout the spa, wood is used as an accent material.

63 | Section 3.2

The concept of the spa is an internal perspective through minimalism. As a result, the furniture is not placed to encourage discussion and interaction. Instead, the furniture is used to create divisions and encourage private reflection. This is done through the use of curtain dividers between seats, and limiting the clusters to fit only two people. The furniture pieces all have arms, which create a secluded environment for the person sitting in the chair. All of the treatment rooms were distinguished by the use of a pre-fabricated door. This door incorporated a solid sidelite that allowed for displays indicating in use or empty since it is law that the doors cannot be locked. The treatment rooms had massage tables, casework for equipment storage, and an addition of towel warming racks.

DIVISIONS Color

The colors of Civana are neutral. The minimalism leads to the need for a monochromatic palette. This palette includes various shades of brown, tan, and grey. The color of the pools and surrounding vegetation introduce small tastes of blues and greens. The color scheme needs to support the idea of self-reflection and not provide a distraction to the user.

Color Percentage Diagram

Bathroom | 14

64 | Section 3.2

Natural Light Diagram

DY N A M I C A N D

65 | Section 3.2

S TAT I C L I G H T Lighting

Civana utilizes considerable amounts of artificial lighting. All of the lights used are LED, therefore minimizing energy usage. These lights consist of a base of recessed lights throughout all of the spaces. Treatment rooms utilize wall sconces and the treatment hallways utilize floor washers for a soft, dim glow. Decorative pendants are placed in the main stairwell, relaxation lounge, and the couple’s treatment suites. The ma jority of light in the toilet and shower areas are located in backlit mirrors. In the Terme, a faux skylight is used to representnatural light. The pools in the Terme also provide a lighting experience with various shades of green, blue, and red. The spa is comprised of dynamic lighting options and static lighting options. All treatment room sconces are dimmable in order for the user to receive their specific desired experience. The lounge, café, pool, salon, retail, and fitness all have fixed lighting levels that will remain the same no matter who comes in and out of those spaces.

Natural light is used sparingly throughout the space. Using too much natural light will radiate extreme amounts of heat into the interior of the building. Natural light only occurs where circulation between interior and exterior space occurs. The Couple’s Treatment Rooms have access to a private porch encouraging the use of sliding glass doors to allow the natural light and views in. The Relaxation Area has access to a public porch overlooking the pool which also utilizes sliding glass doors. Other areas such as the salon, retail, café, and women’s pretreatment lounge with porch access all harness natural light in small amounts.

Women’s Lounge | 15

66 | Section 3.2

SIMPLE, NOT

The dimmest light occurs in the treatment corridors and the treatment rooms. The rest of the spaces experience a very similar light; A soft light that is not as bright as sitting by the pool outside, but not as dim as the designated treatment areas.

Decoration There is little to no decoration in Civana. The original owner that influenced the design decisions wanted no decoration. The space needed to be simple and not distracting. The new owner is beginning to incorporate more art because the space is becoming cold and too sterile.

Exterior Patio | 16

Cafe | 17

67 | Section 3.2

Wet V Dry Area Diagram

DISTRACTING

68 | Section 3.2

SAFETY OF Post Occupancy

This Case Study visit was conducted in August, the middle of Arizonaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s summer months. The user numbers drop during this time because of the heat. Many treatment rooms were open to visit and there were only two women spotted utilizing the spa. The woman who ran the Watsu pool classes, however, was able to voice some concerns. She thought that the pool provided for classes and the facilities in general were wonderful. Her comments about the pool itself were nothing but positive. It was the perfect size, accessibility, and temperature. The sun conditions, however, posed an issue that needed fixing. She voiced that the single sail shade over the pool was not enough. As the afternoon sun begins to set, it shines at an angle that sneaks under the cover. This causes uneven light and harsh direct light that distracts the user. She offered helpful guidance as to where the sun comes from and where the shades can be moved to be more effective.

69 | Section 3.2

The spa director was able to voice more structural concerns. He acknowledged that the floor in the Terme, or indoor pool treatments, was sloped towards the door. This caused for dangerous wet conditions at the circulation points and leaks that flow outside of the wet area.

Nail Salon | 18

THE USERS Evaluation

Civana should be a reference point for all re-purposing projects and how a designer can improve the footprint they are handed. 3rd Story Architects had a very strong sense of how

they could make a difference by using various design systems to create a sustainable building. I would like to consider all of the steps they took and think of how those exact steps or modified versions can transfer into my own personal design.

Wet Treatment | 19

70 | Section 3.2

IMPROVE THE I think the bones of the building could have been assessed more thoroughly before renovation. I realize that this was due to budget constraints, but the battle between old and new can be seen in various places causing a negative distraction from the look of luxury. For example, leaks are occurring, carpets are peeling up, and pool water is running in undesirable directions. The applied design, however, is beautiful. Although, the minimalist design is proving to be less of a success to clients, I believe it worked very well for the space. The architecture spoke for itself with a simple, yet asserting staircase and the two story Terme room that was filled with natural patterned tiles. The light levels and materials chosen were extremely appropriate and thought out. On the rare occasion that there was natural light, it was the protagonist of the space and provided a crisp, fresh light. The dim light levels, however mixed with a circular circulation path caused me to feel disoriented.

71 | Section 3.2

Until I saw the plan drawings, I was not able to comprehend what rooms were adjacent to one another. Maybe it was just how the tour was given to me, but the spaces seemed very chopped up and seemed like I would have a difficult time finding where I needed to go if I were by myself. Overall, I believe this spa achieves its goal of bringing luxury to an affordable level. It also promotes what it means to be â&#x20AC;&#x153;wellâ&#x20AC;?. All of the saunas, watsu pools, etc. have healing properties that improve body circulation and mental state. They even have hired instructors that can help guide your own personal process to wellness and healing. Besides a few improvements here and there, Civana is a paradise that became a sustainable icon while not compromising the refined spa.

FOOTPRINT

Exterior Courtyard | 20

72 | Section 3.2

End Notes 1.

Daugherty, Rick (Owner 3rd Story Architects), Interview by Abigail Kern, August 2019, Carefree, AZ.

73 | Section 3.2

Image Citations 1.

Civana Entry, Digital Image, Spa Finder, https://www.spafinder.com/spa/civana-spa-and-resort-6114

Scottsdale Area Map, DIgital Image, Arizona Leisure, https://www.arizona-leisure.com/scottsdalearea-map.html

Civana Site Plan, 3rd Story Architects, Digital Image, From Drawing Set.

Resort Pool, Digital Image, Pale Omg, https://paleomg.com/the-two-best-wellness-hotels-in-phoenix/

Staircase, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

6. 7.

The New CIVANA Resort in Arizona, Wright, Digital Image, The Boston Globe, https:// www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/travel/2019/05/07/check-civana-wellness-retreat-formasses/4KggUjY1ZcP9zhvNwWIQwI/story.html Kern, A, 2019, Civana Staircase, Unpublished Photograph.

Yoga Sunset, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

Cactus Landscape, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

10.

CIVANA, Digital Image, Visit Phoenix, https://www.visitphoenix.com/listing/civana/699/

11.

Kern, A, 2019, Solar Panels, Unpublished Photograph.

12.

Outdoor Patio, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

13.

Relaxation Lounge, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

14.

Civana Resort Staycation, Erin, Digital Image, Wink and a Twirl, https://winkandatwirl.com/civanaresort-staycation/

15.

Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lounge, Digital Image, CIVANA, https://www.civanacarefree.com/gallery/

16.

Kern, A, 2019, Exterior Patio, Unpublished Photograph.

17.

Kern, A, 2019, Cafe, Unpublished Photograph.

18.

Kern, A, 2019, Salon, Unpublished Photograph

19.

Kern, A, 2019 Wet Treatment, Unpublished Photograph.

20.

Kern, A, 2019, Exterior, Unpublished Photograph.

74 | Section 3.2

THE EUPHORIA

Section Three

S PA

Spa Exterior | 1

EXHAUSTION

Overview

The Euphoria Spa is a 10,000 sq ft spa located in the mountains of Greece. The building, designed by decaARCHITECTURE, is located in between the UNESCA World Heritage Site of Mystras, Greece and a cypress forest.1

Owner and User The owner of The Euphoria Spa is Marina Efraimoglou. Marina started as an investment banker, but the “exhaustion in the world of investment banking” and overcoming cancer led to her shift of interest to wellbeing.2 Her main inspiration for holistic medicine comes from studies of Chinese medicine. Not only did Marina want to create a place of wellbeing and balance, but she also wanted to design a place for the soul.3 Inaninterview,Marinaacknowledged that users come to Euphoria when seeking “emotional healing and self-development”. These people also want to experience the

77 | Section 3.3

benefits of relaxation and balance that the spa has to offer.4

Justification This case study was chosen for its thorough understanding of wellness and teh type of spaces wellness needs to support it. The use of elliptical and cylindrical shapes sets this spa apart immediately. Euphoria’s amenities are far from traditional and the international location provides another layer of experiential complexity.

Arcade | 2

IN THE WORLD Climate

The Climate of Mystras is temperate. Mystras experiences both warm and cool seasons. April, May, October, and November are the mildest months with temperatures falling around 70 degrees. July, August, and September are the summer months and experience dry periods. December, January, and February experience cooler temperatures and large amounts of precipitation.5

Euphoria spa reacts to its location by using excavation and becoming one with the site. The building follows Grecian vernacular design with its use of arcades for shaded circulation. It also utilizes local stone and white stucco building materials as methods of passive cooling in Greeceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s warmer clima

78 | Section 3.3

BYZANTINE

Design Concept

The Euphoria spa was designed with healing in mind. It’s forms and spatial decisions are influenced heavily by Byzantine times and culture. Not only is the project influenced by the culture, but also by its relationship to the site. The exterior and interior design of this Grecian spa are quite different from one another, but compliment each other. Various textures make up the exterior façade including stone, clay tile rooves, and pale-red concrete. The resort is grounded with a stone wall that acts as a visual band at the base of the building. The interior juxtaposes the exterior because of its lack of texture and its use of “Byzantine-style domes and curved walls”.6 The interior space is delineated by elliptical shaped spaces that are placed within the block of the exterior. The exterior is rectangular, with corners and distinct planes in comparison to the interior which is very cylindrical, with no harsh corners and continuous planes.

79 | Section 3.3

Exterior | 3

Sauna | 4

STYLE DOMES

“

Light Well | 5

Blending ancient Hellenic and Chinese healing practices.

80 | Section 3.3

WO M B - L I K E

Floorplan | 6

Floorplan Euphoria is a four-story project that utilizes elliptical space that vary in scale. One of these elliptical spaces serves as the spine of the spa. It contains the 65-foot light well that acts as â&#x20AC;&#x153;a directional beaconâ&#x20AC;?.7 The light well is divided into 3 nested cylinders.

81 | Section 3.3

The first of these is the light well itself. It is open at the top to allow the flow of natural light and a pool is placed at the foot of it. The middle cylinder is a spiral stairwell that allows the user to circulate around the well. The outer cylinder is used strictly as an ambulatory space.

CALMNESS PROGRAM: Euphoria Spa Space Reception/Entry Staff/back of house Restroom Exterior Spaces Indoor Pool Ambulatory Space Tepidarium Sauna Circulation

Adjacencies Indoor Pool, Locker, Pre-treatment

Tepidarium, Indoor Pool, Exterior Pool Light well, Staircase, light well sauna, steam room, experience shower Tepidarium boutique, entry, exterior

The first floor of this fourstory structure is completely underground. The architecture and its relationship to the surrounding land “reflects the belief that proximity to the earth promotes healing”.8 This floor is home to the reception, treatment, consultation rooms, and changing areas. The second floor is organized like the gears of a clock.9 This promotes circulation through areas of various humidity and temperature. The purpose of this floor is to engage the “the largest sensory organ in the human body: the skin”.10

Approx Sq. Ft. 350 400 72 1000 500 150 300 150

The focal point amenities on this floor are the indoor pool and Tepidarium. The indoor pool includes a sphere in the middle that creates a “womblike calmness” when entered. The Tepidarium is an in between space that connects the other surrounding rooms such as sauna, steam room, cold plunge pool, experiential shower, and ice fountain. The third floor of the Euphoria Spa includes 15 small monastic chambers that serve as treatment rooms. The fourth floor is level with the outdoors. This is where conference spaces, yoga and meditation rooms take place.

82 | Section 3.3

C ATAC O M B

Circulation

Horizontal circulation throughout each floor guides the user. There are distinct paths the elliptical shapes create that must be followed. These paths incorporate small ramps and a few stairs. The vertical circulation occurs in the spine, around the light well. The staircase and ramp allow all users to access this means of circulation and act as catacomb like passages.11 There is still an elevator placed in this moment for those who need it.12

Circulation | 7

83 | Section 3.3

The staircase manipulates the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s circulation because the landings become less frequent. This means, that as the guest ascends, they move faster and faster since there are no longer places of â&#x20AC;&#x153;catharsisâ&#x20AC;?.13 Wayfinding is established with lighting and clear paths for the user to take. The light well also serves as a landmark for the user to distiguish where they are in the space. There are also subtle room labels that blend in with the wall treatment as to not disturb the aesthetic.

L I K E PA S S AG E Materials

The most prominent material, both on the interior and exterior is concrete. Concrete creates the elliptical wall shapes and is imprinted by the wood boards that formed it. This concrete also continues onto the floor and stair circulation paths. When concrete is absent, plaster takes over as the wall material.

These are lounge chairs in order to enjoy the view and the sun. When there is furniture, the fabrics are â&#x20AC;&#x153;exclusively designed textiles based on the iconography of byzantineâ&#x20AC;? culture.15

The most prominent material on the second floor is marble. The marble covers the floor and walls to accommodate the varying humidity, temperatures, and moisture levels. This marble also reflects traditional Byzantine materials.14 Furniture in the spa is scarce. The seating is created by the architectural forms. For example, in the Tepidarium, the user should sit and lay on the exposed marble in order to interact with its changing temperatures on the skin. The only area that applied furniture is prominent is near the outdoor pool and its adjacent arcade.

Tepidarium | 8

84 | Section 3.3

BYZANTINE

Color

Color Percentage Diagram

The spa utilizes colors and their opposites. Using warm and cool colors, a yin and yang effect is created. Inspiration for the color scheme was drawn from byzantine art.16 The space has an overall wash of grey, black, and white with accent colors of gold and yellow that have an equal presence in the space. The light well is a white exposed concrete in order to capitalize the natural light that shines down into it. The surrounding areas are â&#x20AC;&#x153;rendered in greyâ&#x20AC;? and give the appearance of cool temperature.17 The warm golds and yellows are used in the pool area to balance out the primary blue of the water. The gold is used to mimic earthy colors and draw the users focus back to natural healing. Tones of grey and gold can be seen in the soft seating areas of the meditation rooms and reception waiting areas.

Indoor Pool | 9

85 | Section 3.3

A RT S C H E M E Lighting

It is a sharp, bright area, amongst dimmer, artificial areas. Natural light is used other places as a sense of adventure. It is not seen directly, but rather makes the user want to go and find where it is coming from.

Elliptical Geometry Digaram

Euphoria Spa utilizes mostly artificial lighting. Recessed, track lighting, up lighting and occasional decorative pendants are the light fixtures that are featured. Natural light is used sparingly, but in a conscious way. The light well strictly uses natural light.

86 | Section 3.3

Wet v Dry Spaces Diagram Natural LIght Diagram

BYZANTINE

87 | Section 3.3

A RT S C H E M E Evalution

The Euphoria Spa helped show me how to push the boundaries of space. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s elliptical space planning alone has caused me to start thinking of a Wellness Spa in a different way. It does not have to be just a series of treatment boxes, but rather spaces that are intertwined by shape and scale. This project was helpful in seeing innovative treatments as well. The light well, spherical pool, and tepidarium are all spaces that work specifically to that

project, but have the flexibility to be adjusted for another. This project and its background also helped me to reinforce my idea for the proposed Wellness Spa. The owner created this spa to address the amount of stress she and the users experience, which reinforces the concept that people need balance! Stress is a common feeling that is experienced on a global level.

Meditation Room | 10

88 | Section 3.3

End Notes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Morris, Ali. “DecaArchitecture Carves Euphoria Spa into Greek Mountain.” Dezeen. Dezeen, September 17, 2019. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/11/ euphoria-spa-retreat-decaarchitecture-mystras-greece-mountain/. Furnell. “An Interview with Marina Efraimoglou, Founder of Euphoria Retreat, Greece.” The premier magazine for private wealth management professionals, April 12, 2019. https://www.citywealthmag.com/news/interview-marina-efraimoglou-founder-euphoria-retreat-greece. ibid ibid “Climate and Average Monthly Weather in Mystras (Peloponnese), Greece.” Climate and average monthly weather in Mystras (Peloponnese), Greece. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,mystras-peloponnese-gr,Greece. “Euphoria Retreat, Greece.” Hospitality Interiors Magazine, October 3, 2019. https://www.hospitality-interiors.net/projects/ articles/2019/05/739547094-euphoria-retreat-greece. “Euphoria Spa in the Euphoria Retreat: Deca Architecture.” Archello. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://archello.com/ project/euphoria-spa-in-the-euphoria-retreat.

“Euphoria Retreat, Greece.” Hospitality Interiors Magazine. Ali, “DecaArchitecture Carves Euphoria Spa into Greek Mountain.” Dezeen. “Euphoria Spa in the Euphoria Retreat: Deca Architecture.” Archello. ibid ibid

Ali, “DecaArchitecture Carves Euphoria Spa into Greek Mountain.” Dezeen. “Euphoria Spa in the Euphoria Retreat: Deca Architecture.” Archello. ibid ibid

Ali, “DecaArchitecture Carves Euphoria Spa into Greek Mountain.” Dezeen.

89 | Section 3.3

Image Citations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Euphoria Exterior, Digital Image, Hospitality Interiors, https://www.hospitality-interiors.net/projects/articles/2019/05/739547094euphoria-retreat-greece Exterior Arcade, Digital Image, NUVO, https://nuvomagazine.com/magazine/winter-2018/the-ultimate-grecian-sparetreat-euphoria Exterior Facade, Digital Image, Euphoria Spa, https://euphoriaretreat.reserve-online.net/about Sauna, Digital Image, Health & Fitness Travel, https://www.healthandfitnesstravel.com/component/zenholidays/?view=h oliday&id=1619 Light Well, Digital Image, Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/11/euphoria-spa-retreat-decaarchitecture-mystrasgreece-mountain/ Floorplan, Digital Image, Archello, https://archello.com/project/euphoria-spa-in-the-euphoria-retreat Stair Circulation, Digital Image, Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/11/euphoria-spa-retreat-decaarchitecture-mystras-greece-mountain/ Tepidarium, Digital Image, Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/11/euphoria-spa-retreat-decaarchitecture-mystras-greece-mountain/ Interior Pool, Digital Image, Dezeen, https://www.dezeen.com/2019/09/11/euphoria-spa-retreat-decaarchitecture-mystras-greece-mountain/ Section, Digital Image, Archello, https://archello.com/project/euphoria-spa-in-the-euphoria-retreat Meditation Room, Digital Image, Health & Fitness Travel, https://www.healthandfitnesstravel.com/component/zenholidays /?view=holiday&id=1619

90 | Section 3.3

THE GUOSHI Section Three

L U X U RY S PA

LANDSC APE AS Overview

The Guoshi Luxury SPA is a 1300 square foot resort located in Luozhou Town, Fuzhou, China. JAZBUILD is the company responsible for the wood construction of the building, while the architecture was manifested by Shanghai Enwei Architecture Design.1 The building was designed for the client Shokai Ruitai. This case study was chosen because of its authentic use of materials. It provides an example that uses knowledge from surrounding culture and site to create a direct relationship with the building itself.

In an attempt to create seclusion within a noisy neighborhood, The Guoshi Spa is located amongst oriental gardens and has access to mountain views.2 Fuzhou has green trees in all four seasons, establishing the surrounding landscape as a dominant component throughout the year.3 The site of the spa is located adjacent to an inland river. The city itself is placed in close proximity to Hong Kong and Japan, allowing the city to reap the benefits of this relationship.4

93 | Section 3.4

A DOMINANT

The city of Fuzhou thrives on agriculture, specifically the production of grain. With 65% of Fuzhouâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area being covered in trees, they are home to the main production of wood and bamboo.

Climate Fuzhou, China is located in a subtropical climate. This type of climate experiences high humidity levels throughout the whole year. This climate has both summer and winter seasons, however the winters are extremely mild and do not experience cold temperatures.

Site | 3

Precipitation is a constant yearround, but is much more frequent in summer than winter.5 The building is positioned in order to optimize the even daylight of the northern sun. The choice of wood materiality is a direct result of the prominent wood industry in this area. Since the site climate is moderate and pleasant weather, the building circulation occurs on the exterior.

94 | Section 3.4

IMPERFECT

Design Concept

Circulation Diagram

The interior and the exterior of the Guoshi Spa go hand in hand with one antoher. The structure of the building and the use of glass to view the outdoor garden, makes the interior space feel as though it is part of the exterior. This spa uses oriental culture as its main theme, including key aspects such as harmony, respect, clarity, and stillness.6 Oriental culture practices a theory called Wabi-Sabi.7 This is the theory that â&#x20AC;&#x153;both life and art are beautiful not because they are perfect and eternal, but because they are imperfect and fleeting.â&#x20AC;?8

95 | Section 3.4

The focal point of the exterior is the roof that changes heights and takes on a 3-dimensional shape. The roof used modern techniques to transform the idea of a traditional Chinese structure. This structure slopes down to the ground in order create shelter for the exterior corridor.9 The interior is a one story private spa refuge. The VIP treatment area is surrounded by windows, which implies that the people in this area are not strangers. The building consists of an entry space, living room, bathroom, dining room, bedroom and VIP spa area. The user circulates through this space by utilizing the outdoor corridor. There are some spaces that cannot be accessed without using this circulation path, forcing the user to interact with nature. Wayfinding was non existent due to the spas small scale.

& FLEETING

Living Area | 4

96 | Section 3.4

MODERN

The glass facades took the Materials place of directional markers because all rooms are visible. Wood is the most prominent material used throughout The Guoshi Spa is built using this space. It is located on wood construction for the all planes of space and frame. The frame is used vary in shade from black to to support the “purline” warm brown. The metal roof skin that provides the material asserts in the views wood materiality and roof to the exterior. Glazing is also structure. Metal serves as the used at a high capacity in final roof layer. The slanted order to bring the outdoors rooves are supported by a in. Secondary materials modern interpretation of include stone flooring China’s traditional dougong and tatami mat style wall or jointery system. material. The wood, metal, and tatami are all specific to the geographic location. The wood and metal are both produced in Fazhou, while tatami is a traditional aspect of Asian culture. The seating throughout this spa is all congregational. The seating arrangements are home-like and promote conversation and togetherness. Treatment Area | 5

97 | Section 3.4

EXECUTION

Program Adjacency Diagram

PROGRAM: Guoshi Spa Space Adjacencies NumberApprox Sq. Ft.Privacy Entry Living Room, Bedroom 1 50 sf Public Bedroom Bathroom, Entry 1 400 sf Private Living RoomEntry, Bathroom, Dining Room 1 700 sf Public Treatment Room, Bedroom, 2 100 sf Private Bathroom Living Room Kitchen Dining Room, Living Room 1 300 sf Private Storage Treatment Room 1 30 sf Private Treatment Bathroom, Storage 1 500 sf Private Dining Room Kitchen, Living Room 1 700 sf Public

98 | Section 3.4

COMPLIMENT Color

The overall color of the space is warm. The wood tone asserts its presence without overpowering the interior. The wooden structure is balanced with black stone, light tan tatami walls, and a black metal roof. The color of the building is designed to compliment the natural world. The glazing allows the greenery to be part of the interior color scheme.

Exterior Corridor | 6

99 | Section 3.4

Natural Light Diagram

THE NATURAL

Lighting The presence of natural and artificial light are equal. The northern, even daylight is allowed through the glass of the northern faรงade. Artificial lighting techniques are used throughout the space in order to accentuate the structure. Uplighting sends washes of light along the wooden roof.

These lights are densely placed where roof heights change or are jointed together. When these washes of light occur, the building glows at night time. The artificial lights consist of pendants, wall sconces, back-lit artwork, ceiling track lighting, and floor lamps.

100 | Section 3.4

TRADITIONAL Evaluation

The Ghuoshi Spa is filled with traditional Chinese art. Every wall of the space has some form of art placed on it. These range from landscapes, to animals, to organic forms, to even soji screen patterns.

The Guoshi Spaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main principles of space did not line up with my goals for the proposed project. The proposed Wellness Spa will be a day spa, for brief visits at the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s convenience. This case study, however was an example of Private resort living with spa accomodations. That being said, it supplies me with multiple successful pieces that I can think about deploying in my design. For example, the wood and stone material combination provided a warm, yet sleek look for treatment areas. This project also opened my eyes to a non-traditional ciruclation route. The proposed project will not be surrounded by lovely whether all year round, but the concept of a circulation that has access to views is a large take-away from this case study.

Public v Private Diagram

Accessories

Dining | 7

101 | Section 3.4

CHINESE ART The Guoshi Spaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s use of lighting is also something I would like to remember when designing my project. The lighting is simple, yet its placement on the structure creates an incredible dynamism in the space.

Exterior | 8

102 | Section 3.4

End Notes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

舒岳康 “Guoshi Luxury SPA Resort / CHALLENGE DESIGN.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, August 21, 2019. https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-sparesort-challenge-design?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all. Ibid., “Fuzhou Facts.” Fuzhou Overview: Basic Facts on Population, Climate & Transport & Beyond. Accessed October 12, 2019. https://www.topchinatravel. com/fuzhou/fuzhou-facts.htm. ibid Ibid., 舒岳康 “Guoshi Luxury SPA Resort / CHALLENGE DESIGN.” ArchDaily. Ibid., “What Does Wabi-Sabi Mean?” Japanology, June 1, 2016. http://japanology.org/2016/04/what-does-wabi-sabi-mean/. 舒岳康 “Guoshi Luxury SPA Resort / CHALLENGE DESIGN.” ArchDaily.

103 | Section 3.4

Image Citations 1.

Exterior Image, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challenge-design?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Map of China, Digital Image, Facts and Details, http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat15/sub96/item467.html

Site, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challenge-design?ad_ source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Living Area, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challengedesign?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Treatment Area, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challengedesign?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Exterior Corridor, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challengedesign?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Dining, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challengedesign?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

Exterior, Zhang, Digtail Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/923319/guoshi-luxury-spa-resort-challengedesign?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all

104 | Section 3.4

QUALITATIVE AND

Section Four

TECHNICAL CRITERIA

DISCOVER

Introduction

There are many restrictions and guidelines that drive a project to success. These guidelines help influence not only the health, safety, and welfare of the users, but also the comfort of the user. This section will discover the considerations of Spa design in regards to ergonomics, visual/ audio, lighting, and inclusivity.

Interior

The overall schematic design of a Spa should be organized based on sound, gender, and moisture. Dry and wet areas should be separate and the user should not pass through wet areas to get to various dry spaces.1 Similarly, â&#x20AC;&#x153;service and social areas should be separated from areas where silence is requiredâ&#x20AC;?.2 Laundry chute or bin access needs to be located frequently throughout since towels, robes, and sheets are in constant circulation.3

107 | Section 4

T H E S PA Specific furniture pieces that are required in a spa are massage tables, facial tables, locker systems, fitness equipment, and pool lounge furniture.4 Staff seating in treatment rooms need to be considered as well. Millwork becomes a prominent feature of treatment rooms because these rooms need a sink, storage of products, laundry bins, and linen storage.5 Equipment in these spaces

ranges from shower heads to sterilizing tools.6 Based on case study visits, treatment rooms also can benefit from towel warming racks.

108 | Section 4

H E A LT H O F

In addition to moisture, cleanliness is one of the most prevalent challenges in a spa environment. These buildings have a high risk of fungus and mold. This can be combated with surfaces that have very minimal joints so moisture cannot settle.10 There are specific wall materials such as “mortar coated, expanded, polystyrene hard foam” that create a waterproof and moldresistant partition.11 Something as simple as rounded corners and sloped surfaces can create runoff instead of “unhygienic pools of water” gathering on

109 | Section 4

seats and flat areas.12 Proper drainage systems helps to keep bacteria from breading and will also help control the chance slip risk which is another health and safety concern.13

Sauna Ventilation Diagram

The material considerations for this building type are incredibly essential. Flooring and wall materials that can function in wet areas must be selected. Dampness can be detrimental to ordinary materials.7 Soft stones should be avoided in the humid and wet rooms since they will absorb more moisture and degenerate quicker.8 Guests are either facing the ceiling or the floor in treatment rooms, so materials in this area should be visual intriguing.9

THE USER Ergonomics

A Wellness Spa focuses on the comfort and health of the user, making ergonomics extremely important. Attention must be drawn to seating comfort not only in lounge furniture, but in sauna areas and massage tables. Comfortable reaching

heights will help staff easily utilize cabinetry. Guests must be able to comfortably lay or sit regardless of their size. All massage chairs must be adjustable to accomodate all the guests.

110 | Section 4

DIMMABLE

Lighting

Artificial light and natural light are both relevant when used in the proper locations. The private spaces such as treatment rooms, toilet rooms, showers, and hydrothermal spaces encourage artificial light. In many spaces, this light should be dimmable and indirect. Treatment room lighting should not be located directly over the guestâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s head.14 Task lighting is needed around the millwork so staff can prepare treatment products.15 Public areas such as lounges and fitness rooms prefer the use of natural daylight.16 In rooms where water is the main feature, the space should utilize white light which makes the water look cleaner.17 One thing to consider is what light products are used in rooms of intense heat. Ordinary lightbulbs and systems cannot withstand the extreme heat and humidity of rooms such as saunas.18 Infrared lightbulbs should be used for wet-rated and heat-rated.

111 | Section 4

& INDIRECT

112 | Section 4

R A I N WAT E R Sustainability

Due to the specificity of temperature conditions in hydrothermal rooms, spas tend to use exorbitant amounts of electric and gas. It is crucial to pay attention to insulation methods to make sure heat and cold are retained efficiently.19 Renewable energy, such as solar, or geothermal, can be integrated to generate the electricity for these areas.20

113 | Section 4

Water is an integral part of spa design, which means sustainable water circulation methods must be utilized. Drainage and leakage must be managed as to not waste unnecessary amounts.21 Rain water harvesting systems can also be put in place to direct rain water for use in toilets, landscapes, and possibly even water features.22 Not only can rainwater be used for areas in the spa that do not require fresh water, but so can cycled pool water.

H A RV E S T I N G

114 | Section 4

E N C O U R AG E D Acoustics

Spa’s in general, excluding the fitness area, should be relatively quiet. The only sounds that are heard, or perceived, should be soothing music or background sounds.23 In many cases, the presence of or sound of water provides a tranquil environment.24 A key room to eliminate disturbing sounds from is the treatment room. These rooms should be “as sound proof as possible”25 This can be done with acoustic materials, but also through space planning. These silent areas should not be adjacent to noisy circulation paths or noisy locations of the program.26 There should be three different audio systems.27 One system circulates through the treatment rooms, allowing for personal adjustment. The second system is for public spaces and provides an overall ambient noise level. The third is a sound system in the gym which requires activity inducing sounds.28

115 | Section 4

I N T E R AC T I O N Proxometrics

Proximetrics and visual control go hand in hand with each other for this building type. Users of these types of projects are in compromising states. The most clothing a guest will have on at one time is a robe or a bathing suit. This increases the need for personal space. Corridors should be designed wide enough as to avoid â&#x20AC;&#x153;pinch-pointsâ&#x20AC;? where people would have to pass by in close proximity.29 In public areas, individual seating should be available so personal space does not have to compromised on a communal bench.30 Eye contact and social interaction is not encouraged or considered important.31 The guests should also be able to see into public areas in order to gauge how many people are using it and if they would be comfortable entering.32

116 | Section 4

Wayfinding Wayfinding must be able to be seen by all guests. Heights must be compatible with standing and sitting guests. All signage should protrude less than 4 inches until placed 8 feet high on the wall. Signage must direct the user, but be easy to read and identify.

EQUAL Security

Treatment rooms, legally, must be left unlocked at all times. Therefore, signs or lighting ques must be used in place of locks to identify if the room is in use or not.33 The locker systems must also be lockable in order to keep the guestâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s valuables safe.34

Universal Design It is crucial that all amenities are universally accessible. Circulation corridors must be the proper width and elevators should be available to allow access to all floors. Integrating ramps is necessary to bridge the gap between levels, especially entries to wet areas. Sloped entries or lifts are ways to create ADA accessibility in pools. Brail should be used with all wayfinding signage and all genders should receive the same experience as well.

117 | Section 4

EXPERIENCE

118 | Section 4

End Notes 1. Design principles 37 2. Ibid., 3. Ibid., 4. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base 5. Ibid., 5 6. Ibid., 7. Ibid., 8. Chiara, Joseph De, and Michael J. Crosbie. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 1155. 9. Ibid., 10. Design principles 37 11. Cavanah, Cassandra. Guide to Hydrothermal Spa Development Standards: What Your Need to Know before Building Wet Areas. Miami, FL: Global Well12. Ibid., 127 13. Ibid., 126 14. Ibid., 126 15. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base, 5. 16. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base, 4. 17. Design principles 38 18. Ibid., 19. 20. Cavanah, Guide to Hydrothermal Spa Development Standards. 21. Ibid., 22. Ibid., 23. Ibid., 24. Design principles 38 25. Ibid., 26. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base, 4. 27. Design principles 38 28. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base, 4. 29. Ibid., 30. Cavanah, Guide to Hydrothermal Spa Development Standards. 31. Ibid., 32. Design principles 38 33. Cavanah, Guide to Hydrothermal Spa Development Standards. 34. Spa Design: SPAtrade Library Knowledge Base, 4. 35. Ibid.,

119 | Section 4

Image Citations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

Massage Table, Digital Image, Medical Expo, https://www.medicalexpo.com/prod/athlegen/product-79442-761688.html Wet Treatment Diagram,, Digital Image, Alibaba, https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Wet-Bed-Water-Massage-Bed-For_60323009709.html Cavanah, Program Diagram, Digital Image, Guide to Hydrothermal Spa Development Standards. Ravnik, Casework Ergonomics, Digital Image, Research Gate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Height-accessibility-for-females-and-males-ages19-45-in-kitchen-III-a-c-where-the_fig5_278030829 Wet Treatment Diagram,, Digital Image, Alibaba, https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Wet-Bed-Water-Massage-Bed-For_60323009709.html Sauna Ventilation, Digital Image, tylosauna, http://www.tylosauna.com/howto.html Kovacs, Indirect Lighting, Digital Image, Research Gate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Examples-of-direct-and-indirect-lighting-Ensure-thelight-source-is-pointed-toward-the_fig2_330220556 Daylighting, Digital Image, University of Tennessee, https://archdesign.utk.edu/make/institute-for-smart-structures/ Color Temperature, Digital Image, Olympus, https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/en/microscope-resource/primer/lightandcolor/colortemp/ Color Temperature, Digital Image, Olympus, https://www.olympus-lifescience.com/en/microscope-resource/primer/lightandcolor/colortemp/ Geothermal, Digital Image, Holtzople, https://holtzople.com/10-false-claims-about-geothermal-energy/ Geothermal, Digital Image, Holtzople, https://holtzople.com/10-false-claims-about-geothermal-energy/ Rainwater Harvesting, Digital Image, MDPI, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/11/3890/htm Solar Panel Diagram, Digital Image, The Solar Advantage, https://www.thesolaradvantage.net/how-do-solar-panels-work/

Vision Angles, Digital Image, Teecom, https://teecom.com/how-to-design-a-planetarium/sphereofhumanperception-2/ Ibid., Personal Space, Digital Image, Research Gate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Classification-of-Personal-Space-3_fig1_283960340 ADA Wall Signage, Digital Image, TinkeringMonkey, https://www.tinkeringmonkey.com/guides/ada-signage/how-to-display-your-ada-signage-the-rightway/ ADA Wall Signage, Digital Image, TinkeringMonkey, https://www.tinkeringmonkey.com/guides/ada-signage/how-to-display-your-ada-signage-the-rightway/ Sink Height, Digital Image, https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b2/80/01/b28001b38fc5e233fa9087c3bf2eaac0.jpg ADA Sauna, Digital Image, Saunas.com, https://saunas.com/traditional-saunas-1/custom-saunas.html Ramp Pool Access, Digital Image, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types.

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TO P O L O G I C A L

Section Five

E X P L O R AT I O N S

REFLECTION Human Centered

Working individuals tend to put their work before their own comfort. In a fast paced, stressful environment these people need places that they can relax and focus. A Wellness Spa is grounded on the values of putting the client first and providing the client with a safe space to clear their minds. When guests seek out wellness, they tend to behave through the “power of intention” or the want to better themselves.

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When these motivated intentions coincide with a successful Wellness center, it “can have a powerful effect”1 Due to the high stress of working life, spas must provide a calming environment. The action of calming is not just a tranquil word, but actual biology. Stress builds up a chemical release of cortisol which is negative energy that makes a person sad or easily frustrated.

A S S AC R E D The power of spas is that they can revert that release and even help to release positive biological chemicals throughout our bodies. The goal of calmness can be achieved when one is given the opportunity to be fully present in a certain moment or surrounding environment.2

either negatively or positively, on a person’s ability to refocus and look to their inner self. Something that needs to be avoided is what is called “the paradox of choice”.

Unlike everyday life where time seems to disappear, spas are a space that considers time and reflection as sacred. “Often the only hour that you spend in a spa treatment is the only hour of waking time you have being disconnected from technology, disconnected from telephones and disconnected from demands of a fast-paced world.”3 A sense of calm creates a ripple affect and allows the user to re-focus and re-balance. When a person visits a spa, they not only want to feel tranquil and healed, but they also want to reflect inward. The way this type of facility is designed can have a tremendous impact,

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N U RT U R E D

This occurs when a person has so many options that they feel overwhelmed and eventually choose none of the options. To avoid this, a spa needs to eliminate confusion and be direct. Wayfinding and circulation must be able to be followed in a mindless manner, without much thought. There are other factors that can cause the mind to wander and become distracted such as security and cleanliness. There should always be proper lockable storage and safes to ensure that a person’s belongings will not be stolen.4 All amenities must also be spotless. 5 Unclean sheets or bathrooms can cause the mind to wander and worry which would impede their inner focus.

and nurtured by another human being. “Effect of person” theory speaks about how the presence of another person can bring peace to an individual, but their touch can also have healing properties.6 Touch therapy is an essential treatment type that is known for lowering cortisol or stress levels. This goes to show the power of human connection.

The working individual comes from a culture of doing things for someone else such as meeting a deadline for a client, doing a task for a boss. A spa must serve as a place that these people can feel cared for

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B Y A N OT H E R Nature plays a crucial role in spa design. Workplace environments cause mental fatigue which leads to the reduction of function and tolerance. Nature, a restorative setting, promotes the sense of “being away”.7 The user group experiences vast amounts of stimulus between work and urban living. Nature must always go hand in hand with spa design because it has a calming effect. This is because nature is a non-taxing stimulus. It serves as a distraction that can “foster inner peace and renew mental energy”.8

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BASED ON The last component of spa design is that every user is different. The most differences between users are found in relation to social interaction. It is imperative that a spa has multiple settings for interaction, that based on your comfort level, you can choose to enter. These spaces need to range from completely independent to completely social. This can be done through a literal partition division of space or through furniture configuration that determines these interactions. This is a choice that userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s must have because it can have an impact on their comfort level.

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PERSONALITY

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TRANQUIL & Light and Color

Lighting and color are design tools that can enhance space and the feelings that it evokes. These two strategies can be paired to make colored light, that adds a complex level to space and can even produce healing benefits.

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A Wellness Spa is comfort driven. Differing light levels provides various conditions for comfort, privacy, and activity. Low light levels induce the feeling of privacy. The sense of privacy also causes reactions such as the feeling of being free and secure. A study performed shows that “many people felt free under a low illumination level and complete darkness”.1 When used in a non-uniform manner, lighting produces the “sense of privacy, relaxation, and pleasantness”.2 This is done by creating a pattern of high and low illuminance. When people are under low illumination but can view a high illuminated area in the vicinity, they feel secure and privately tucked away.

REFRESHING Color, like light, can inflict feelings onto the user. The colors that create a sense of peace and tranquility are various blues, blue-greens, and greens.3 Blue is the color of calmness, security, comfort, and sobriety. When used in a light shade on the ceiling it provides the feeling of cool temperature. If dark blue is used on walls, it provides an encouraging feeling, which could be useful in fitness areas where people need motivation.4

The color green is tranquil, refreshing, quiet, and natural. It is the most restful color to the eye because it is process directly on the retina.5 When placed on the ceiling, green provides protection and gives a feeling of calmness and security when applied on walls.6 Another key color in terms of psychology is white. White is the color of cleanliness and purity and will help the users have confidence that the space is clean and sanitary.7

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S O OT H E A N D

12 When combined, light and color produce feelings of their own and are even used as therapy and healing agents. In general spaces, “light from 2500K to 3700 K, i.e. warm-white to neutral white, can make people feel relaxed.”8 In specific spaces of healing, colored light becomes an immersive experience. Chromotherapy is therapy for the body through the use of color. The selection of certain colors comes from the idea of a human “aura” or emanating

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energy that then is influenced by the wavelengths produced by chromotherapy.9 This type of therapy not only effects a person’s psychology, but their physiology as well. For example, when dealing with the nervous system, “the auric colors used are violet and lavender for a soothing effect, grass greens for an invigorating effect, and medium yellows and oranges for an inspiring effect.”10 Dark blues greens, and bright reds should be used to sooth, invigorate, and stimulate the body’s blood

I N V I G O R AT E and organs.11 The book Color + Psychology provides two examples of Chromotherapy strategies which relate directly to the purpose of a Wellness Spa. â&#x20AC;&#x153;A nervous, unstrung patient may be treated by bathing him mentally in a flood of violet or lavender color. A tired, used up, fatigued person may be invigorated by flooding him with bright reds, followed by bright, rich yellows, finishing the treatment with a steady flow of warm orange color.â&#x20AC;?12

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T R E AT A N D In terms of psychological benefits, blue light reduces pain and is used to treat addiction and depression. Pink light “has a tranquilizing and calming effect within minutes of exposure”.13 This color of light is used to treat and “suppress hostile and anxious behavior”.14 Yellow light, however, should only be used in active areas because it is a highly stimulating color, which is not good for user’s experiencing anxiety or aggression.15 Chromotherapy does not only have to be produced by an artificial light source. Sunlight “is a perfect blend of seven colors; each color has their own hormonal properties.16 Color filters can be used to block certain color wavelengths for specific areas, while still exposing the user to sunlight.17

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SUPPRESS 16

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MANY HEALTH Sensory Design

Sensory design, designing for all of the senses, is an imperative strategy for holistic healing. This approach to design is aimed to create an experiential space. In reference to spas, it is often thought that every sensory experience should promote comfort and calmness. Frequently, uncomfortable conditions such as intense humidity of a sauna, creates the most impactful health benefits.1 Designing with the senses instead should be seen as promoting healing, â&#x20AC;&#x153;decompression, escapismâ&#x20AC;?, 2 and interaction.

Psychologist J.J. Gibson replaces these generic terms with deeper conditions of the five senses: visual system, tastesmell system, auditory system, haptic system, and basic orienting system.4 In regards to well-being, the haptic system and the visual system become the most crucial. The haptic system refers to touch, but that does not mean just texture. It incorporates temperature, pain, pressure, and movement. Visual systems are so impactful because 80% of the activity of our brain is processing visual environments.5

It is important to note that the five senses themselves create sensations such as surprise, comfort, fear, balance, and familiarity. This means that the five senses are more than just sight, smell, sound, taste, touch, but rather are part of a larger system.3

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BENEFITS Sight

Sight, or our visual system, is impacted most notably by optic cues such as color and light. As mentioned in the previous chapter colors of blue, green, and pink and dim lighting can have a visually calming effect. One of the most significant components of a visual system is natural light or artificial systems that mimic natural light.6 Our eyes not only see natural light, but that is then processed as part of a body system called circadian rhythm; a bodily process that determines hours of sleep and alertness.

Smell Smell, or taste-smell system, is not only and additive sense, but is also a subtractive sense. Aromatherapy is a vital component of healing treatments, and utilizes smells such as lavender and rosemary to calm and even cedar to evoke reaction.7 Smell also encompasses air in general. This means that the building systems must maintain proper indoor air quality and have the ability to remove unwanted

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PSYCHOLOGY building smells of dust, VOC, and restrooms which would negatively affect oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health.

Taste Taste-smell system is combined because of their reliance on each other.8 Smell can greatly effect the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience of taste and vice versa. Taste tends to be a forgotten component of Well-being, specifically in design consideration. Healthy food and snack options should be available that not only benefit your physiology, but also induce better sleeping habits and other psychological processes.9

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PROCESSES

Sound Sound (auditory systems), like smell is a sense that must be enhanced as well as blocked. Sounds of nature such as water, birds, and wind should be played throughout the spaces to serve as white noise.10 Sound is also an opportunity for personalization where a guest could play their own favored music during their specific treatment. Building systems such as HVAC and plumbing

should never be heard.11 These systems need to placed within sound proof areas and away from the quiet areas of the spa.

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N AT U R E A S

Touch Touch (haptic system) deals with physical contact with an object, but also with spatial surroundings and how they impact you. This sense of touch is heavily influenced by Biophilia.12There is more strategy that takes place to create biophilia than just placing plants in space. There are 14 patterns that can be followed to achieve biophilic design. These patterns can be determined by three categories: Nature in Space,

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Analogues, and Nature of Space. Nature in space refers to physical connections to nature such as visual connection and incorporations of water, natural systems, and air.13 Natural Analogues is the process of taking inspiration from form and materials naturally found.14The final category is Nature of Space which instructs the design to create spaces found in nature such as refuge, risk, and prospect.15

A REFUGE

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End Notes 1.

McCarthy, Jeremy, “Psychological Benefits of Visiting a Spa.” Complete Wellbeing, July 15, 2016. https://completewellbeing. com/article/touch-therapy/.

Ma jdick, Jennifer, “Psychology Behind the Spa.” Inpathy Bulletin, July 21, 2016. http://inpathybulletin.com/psychologybehind-spa/.

McCarthy, Jeremy, “Psychological Benefits of Visiting a Spa.”

Connors, Lillian. “How to Boost Customer Experience in a Spa Centre: By Lillian Connors.” Hospitality Net. Hospitality Net, January 8, 2019. https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4091433.html.

Ibid.,

Maidick, “Psychology behind the Spa.”

Hartig, Terry, Marlis Mang, and Gary W. Evans. “Restorative Effects of Natural Environment Experiences.” Environment and Behavior 23, no. 1 (1991): 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916591231001.

Ibid.,

So, Albert T.p., and L. M. Leung. “Indoor Lighting Design Incorporating Human Psychology.” Architectural Science Review 41, no. 3 (1998): 113–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.1998.9697420.

10.

Ibid.,

11.

Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environment, and Human Response: an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Element in the Design of the Architectural Environment. New York: Wiley, 1996, 55.

12.

Ibid., 69

13.

Ibid., 63

14.

Ibid., 69

15.

Ibid., 70

16.

Ibid., 70

17.

So, Albert T.p., and L. M. Leung. “Indoor Lighting Design Incorporating Human Psychology.”

18.

Birren, Faber. Color Psychology and Color Therapy: a Factual Study of the Influence of Color on Human Life. Mansfield Centre, CT: Martino Publishing, 2013.

19.

Ibid.,

20.

Ibid.,

21.

Ibid.,

22.

Azeemi, Samina T. Yousuf, and Mohsin Raza. “A Critical Analysis of Chromotherapy and Its Scientific Evolution.” EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2, no. 4 (2005): 481–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh137.

23.

Ibid.,

24.

Ibid.,

25.

Ibid.,

141 | Section 5

26.

Keeling, Trevor, Derek C Croome, Rachael Lucke, and Philip Pointer. “How the Sensory Experience of Buildings Can Contribute to Wellbeing and Productivity.” The Changing Context of Comfort in an Unpredictable World, April 15, 2012. https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/348a/f05172acb1776ea621ef3a18e43a916dd945.pdf.

27.

“Come to Your Senses.” International Interior Design Association. Accessed October 31, 2019. https://www.iida.org/content.cfm/ come-to-your-senses.

28.

Malnar, Joy Monice., and Vodvarka, Frank. Sensory Design Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. 42

29.

Ibid.,

30.

Ibid., 42

31.

Robert Nieminen “Hospitality Design Experts Weigh in on How Sensory Design Impacts Hotels.” Commercial Interior Design & Architecture, November 16, 2018. https://www.interiorsandsources.com/article-details/articleid/22399/title/hospitality-sensory-

32.

“Come to Your Senses.”

33.

Malnar, Joy Monice., and Vodvarka, Frank. Sensory Design. 42

34.

Robert Nieminen “Hospitality Design Experts Weigh in on How Sensory Design Impacts Hotels.”

35.

Ibid.,

36.

Ibid.,

37.

Ibid.,

38.

“14 Patterns of Biophilic Design.” Terrapin Home - Terrapin Bright Green, September 12, 2014. https://www.terrapinbrightgreen. com/reports/14-patterns/.

39.

Ibid.,

40.

Ibid.,

41.

Ibid.,

42.

Robert Nieminen “Hospitality Design Experts Weigh in on How Sensory Design Impacts Hotels.”

142 | Section 5

Image Citations 1.

Aman, Facilities at the Spa, Digital Image, Refined Travellers, http://www.refinedtravellers.com/amanoi-vietnam-unveils-complementary-spa-houses/

Wijesiri, Santani Wellness, Digital Image, ArchDaily, https://www.archdaily.com/906417/santani-wellnessresort-and-spa-thisara-thanapathy-associates/5bf69f8d08a5e566ee000167-santani-wellness-resort-andspa-thisara-thanapathy-associates-photo?next_project=no

Keefe, Circle Shaped Waves, Digital Image Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/

Savwalts, Hand on Body, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/

Vig, Tree During Daytime, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/

Rivera, Cenote Spa, Digital Image, Interior Design, https://www.interiordesign.net/slideshows/detail/8840-2015-boy-winnerbeauty/

Lichtecht, Latvia Spa, Digital Image, https://inhabitat.com/minimalist-revugia-retreat-is-nestled-amidst-germanys-black-forest/

Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/nTXOmJL97MY

Yalova Wellness Spa, Digital Image, Sap Executive, https://spaexecutive.com/2018/09/26/wellness-spa-resort-yalova-turkey/

10.

Lighting Systems, Digital Image, Sagitario, http://m.sagitariolighting.com/en/

11.

Reynolds, Four Seasons, Digital Image, Elite Traveler, https://www.elitetraveler.com/features/spa-week-spa-four-seasons-resortcosta-rica-peninsula-papagayo

12.

Bradford Wellness & Spa, Digital Image, Hotel Management, https://www.hotelmanagement-network.com/contractors/spa-solutions/bradford-wellness-spa/

13.

Purohit, Chromotherapy, Digital Image, Holistic Zine, https://holisticzine.com/chromotherapy-effects-of-colors-on-our-body

14.

Akasha Spa, Digital Image, Travel Rumors, https://travelrumors.com/amsterdam-akasha-spa/

15.

Sauna Cabin Vizio, Digital Image, Dyntar, https://www.dyntar.eu/sauna-cabin-vizio/

16.

Light Therapy, Digital Image, Adamdiop, http://adamadiop.weebly.com/spa-blog-on-bloggers.html

17.

Underground Sauna, Digital Image, Sacacomie, https://www.sacacomie.com/?page_id=472

143 | Section 5

18.

Tilley, Burry, Hand on Water, Digital Image, You are Here, https://www.callisonrtkl.com/you-are-here/datumsensory-driven-design-and-emotional-connection/

19.

Avcioglue, Le Spa Namaskar, Digital Image, Travel Modus, http://travelmodus.com/le-spa-namaskar-marrakech-morocco.html

20.

Ford, Lavendar, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/vhHXYVa5q-s

21.

Lark, Oatmeal in Bowl, Digital Image, Unsplash,https://unsplash.com/photos/W9OKrxBqiZA

22. 23. 24. 25.

Fayard, Spa de Soules, Digital Image, Interior Design, https://www.interiordesign.net/slideshows/detail/9482rendezvous-with-serenity/ Juice Bar, Digital Image, Dieline, https://thedieline.com/blog/2014/9/8/concept-raw

Horizontal Shower, Digital Image, Dornbracht, https://www.dornbracht.com/en-us/products/bath-and-spa/ transforming-water/horizontal-shower/ Nature in Space, Digital Image, Kitchen Stuio of Naples, https://www.kitchenstudioofnaples.com/interiordesign/biophilia-based-design/

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EXISTING Section Six

SITE CONTEXT

1.5 MILLION Introduction

An existing building plays an integral role within its surrounding neighborhoods and cities. It is imperative to identify the surrounding culture of the chosen site, in order to design a space that truly meets the needs of its targeted group. This section will examine the surrounding area of the site on a city, neighborhood, and street level. Zoning requirements and climate conditions will also be researched in order to determing restrictions at early stages of the project.

Transportation systems and the walkable distance of the city provides easy access to this location. This building is placed in a bustling city location, which is a positive sign that the Spa will be utilized and received as a proper addition to the urban make up.

Justification The selected building for the proposed Holistic Spa is 1430 Walnut Street in Philadelphia. This location is justified because of its proximity to office environments and the demographic of the surrounding neighborhood. The site is located just blocks from city hall where â&#x20AC;&#x153;the number of workers within a 1-mile radius of city hall is 14% higher than thatâ&#x20AC;? of other locations.1

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PEOPLE City

Age of Philadelphians

The city of Philadelphia is home to more than 1.5 million people.2 The population is evenly split in terms of sex, with 52.7% of the population being female.3 Philadelphia overall is dominated by a white and black demographic. Black or African American individuals make up 42.7% of the population while whiteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s make up about 41%.4 The remaining race demographics include Asian, Hispanic, Hawaiian, and American Indian.5 The population of Philadelphia includes all ages, but 2554 makes up the ma jority percentage of residence age.6

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H E A LT H C A R E In terms of socio-economic conditions, there are only about 621,865 residence in the workforce. The average income per capita of the working population is around 24,000 dollars. Philadelphia struggles with the issue of poverty, since over a quarter of its population is below the poverty line. Despite the wealth disparity, Philadelphia is home to over 100,000 businesses.7 In the past, industries such as textiles, ironwork, and coal were pillars of Philly life. Now, as Philadelphia grows more hip and trendy while simultaneously expanding in corporate occupations, the highest employment industries found in Philadelphia today are Healthcare and Retail.8

9 7

149 | Section 6

A N D R E TA I L

150 | Section 6

ALL PERIODS Philadelphia’s climate is temperate. It experiences four seasons in a year: winter, spring, summer, and fall. The warmest months traditionally take place during June through August. Those same months are when Philadelphia has its highest precipitation rates. During the months of December to March, Philadelphia is a victim to snow fall and colder temperatures. These buildings use thick stone as their primary material. This may have been a result of the material that was available or was an attempt to create thermal mass to help insulate and heat

Many of the features of Philadelphia are routed in its historical reputation. The city is home to City Hall and Independence Hall. It is also popular for its vast amounts of green space in locations such as Rittenhouse Square, Washington Square, and Fairmount park.

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Green Spaces in Philadelphia

The reputation of Philadelphia is often associated with its City Center. The city, however, is made up of many varying city styles. These styles vary from areas of high-rise corporate buildings in Center City to the quaint and residential areas of Old City and Manayunk.9 Throughout each of these neighborhoods, the architectural styles constantly change. The history of Philadelphia begins all the way back in the 1600s, which results in the presence of “all periods and styles”.10 The architecture seen throughout Philadelphia ranges from Greek Revival to steel construction, from Victorian to neoclassical, from gothic revival to beauxarts.11

AND STYLES

152 | Section 6

P I N N AC L E

Neighborhood

The proposed site is located in the Rittenhouse Square Neighborhood of Philadelphia. This neighborhood is the â&#x20AC;&#x153;pinnacle of class and 12 eleganceâ&#x20AC;?. It is home to only 16, 970 of the 1.5 million Philadelphia residents.13 The median age of Rittenhouse residents is 35. The population of men and women is practically split evenly. Over 50% of this population is white, while races such as African American, Asian, and Hispanic make up the remaining 25%.14

This area of Philadelphia is extremely well off, with the median income being 57,500 dollars. This neighborhood also has some of the highest housing prices in all of Philadelphia. This results in the presence of some of the most expensive retail shops and restaurants. The residents living in the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood have some of the shortest commutesthroughout Philadelphia. This directly relates to the transportation

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15 types used in this neighborhood. Nearly half of the modes of transportation used in this area do not emit emissions, such as walking and biking.15

The main feature of this neighborhood is Rittenhouse Square, one of the largest green spaces in Philadelphia. The square is surrounded by Beaux-Arts style buildings. This style summoned inspiration from classical times, while respecting symmetry, balance, and geometries.16 BeauxArts buildings traditionally have gone hand in hand with manicured landscapes, which makes it clear why these buildings surround such a large green space.

Races in the Neighborhood

Stores in the Neighborhood

OF ELEGANCE

154 | Section 6

Stores on Walnut

HIGH-END Street Within the Rittenhouse Square neighborhood, the proposed site is located on Walnut Street. Walnut Street is known for its supply of high-end shopping and restaurants. It is one of the ma jor roads that runs all the way across Philadelphia from the Delaware River and moving west until it stops at Melbourne. This street runs through college areas such as University City where Drexel and Penn campuses are located. Walnut Street is a centrally located street that intersects Washington Square, Rittenhouse Square, and eventually creates a bridge that crosses the Schuylkill. City Hall is located only two streets away.

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The buildings along this street are frequently high rise that are at least 15 stories high and can reach above 30 stories. The style of these buildings areâ&#x20AC;Ś. The architectural structures are used as mixed-use spaces. Some of the combination of spaces are: shops and office spaces, shops and apartment buildings, and campus buildings. The spaces that meet ground level on Walnut Street are used for retail and restaurants.

Pedestrian Traffic Pattern Traffic Concentration

18 Pedestrian Traffic by Season

R E S TA U R A N T

156 | Section 6

COMMERCIAL

157 | Section 6

MIXED-USE

Zoning

Site Analysis

The current site is zoned CMX-5.17 This lists the building as a Center City Core â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Commercial Mixeduse. This includes housing, parks, businesses, retail, hospitals, and many more.18 The building is immediately surrounded by other CMX-5 zones, but a few blocks to the south the zoning turns into residential use.

The building at 1430 Walnut is surrounded by traffic, both pedestrian and vehicular. The surrounding streets are congested with chaotic traffic. Pedestrians cross the streets and enter the building site at the northwest corner of the building and the southwest corner. This congestion does not make for a desirable view, so it is

158 | Section 6

THE LONG imperative that the userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s view the surrounding buildings may is directed upward and inward. provide the needed shading or even block off the buildings The chosen building is access to sunlight. surrounded by stone buildings reaching as high as 35 stories The site is flat with unnoticeable high. This means that the changes in grade. There is views of the building are minimal to no landscape on site. incredibly urban. The neighboring There a few small trees here and structures become shorter at there, but other than that it is the Northwest corner of the a concrete jungle. The building chosen building, allowing for itself has a green roof, which an expansive view of the city would be key to include in the landscape. The climate on site design. Since there is such a is no different than that of the scarce presence of landscape greater Philadelphia area. The on the site itself, Rittenhouse orientation of the building may Square is a nearby feature that pose a daylighting problem is extremely notable to this A wall of glass faces south, area. which is good for daylighting and passive heating. The glass wall, however has no shading devices, which results in harsh direct light in the winter months. The longest glass wall, however faces west which may bring in harsh streams of light in the evenings as the sun sets. The third glass faĂ§ade faces the north, which is optimal for daylighting due to the diffused, indirect light that comes from that direction. These lighting conditions may be unique for 24 this building, however, because

159 | Section 6

G L A S S WA L L

160 | Section 6

End Notes 1.

“Center City Reports: Philadelphia Retail.” Philadelphia, n.d.

“U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Philadelphia City, Pennsylvania.” Census Bureau QuickFacts. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/philadelphiacitypennsylvania.

Ibid.,

“Philadelphia, PA Demographic Data.” NeighborhoodScout. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ pa/philadelphia/demographics.

Ibid.,

“U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Philadelphia City, Pennsylvania.” Census Bureau QuickFacts.

“Philadelphia, PA Demographic Data.” NeighborhoodScout.

“Five Great Neighborhoods in Philadelphia.” GAC. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.greatamericancountry.com/places/ local-life/five-great-neighborhoods-in-philadelphia.

10.

“History of Philadelphia Architecture: American Institute of Architects.” History of Philadelphia Architecture | American Institute of Architects. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.aiaphiladelphia.org/history-philadelphia-architecture.

11.

Ibid.,

12.

Smith, Sandy. “Living in Rittenhouse Square: A Neighborhood Guide.” Philadelphia Magazine. Philadelphia Magazine, April 26, 2018. https://www.phillymag.com/property/2018/04/26/living-in-rittenhouse-square-a-neighborhood-guide/.

13.

“Rittenhouse Neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), 19102, 19103, 19146 Detailed Profile.” Rittenhouse neighborhood in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA), 19102, 19103, 19146 subdivision profile - real estate, apartments, condos, homes, community, population, jobs, income, streets. Accessed November 13, 2019. http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Rittenhouse-Philadelphia-PA.html.

14.

Ibid.,

15.

Ibid.,

16.

“Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical.” Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical | The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://www.tclf.org/category/designed-landscape-style/beaux-arts-neoclassical.

17. 18.

“Atlas.” phila.gov. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://atlas.phila.gov/#/1430 WALNUT ST/zoning. “CMX5 Zoning Code - What Can You Do With A CMX-5 Property in Philadelphia?” Philly Zoning. Accessed November 13, 2019. https://phillyzoning.com/cmx-5/.

161 | Section 6

Image Citations 1.

SERRAT, White Wall Paint, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/ZB5Xgw_MLa0

2. 3.

Age, Digital Graph, Neighborhood Scout, https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/pa/philadelphia/demographics

Ellsworth, Birdseye View, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/QR3Z31mm_NI

The Pew Charitable Trust, Digital Immigrant Map, PEW, https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2018/06/07/philadelphias-immigrants

6. 7.

Murray, Grey Concrete Building, Digital Image, Unsplash, https://unsplash.com/photos/PLgY0KpeL-g

The Pew Charitable Trust, Poverty Map, Digital Map, PEW,

Howe, Green Spaces in Philly, Art, Society 6, https://society6.com/product/philadelphia-map-green-spaces-philly-parks_ print

10.

US Climate Date, Philadelphia Climate Graph, Digital Image, https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/philadelphia/pennsylvania/united-states/uspa1276

11.

Philadelphia Art Museum, Digital Image, Art + Feminism, http://www.artandfeminism.org/events/philadelphia-museum-artlibrary-archives/

12.

Rooney, Rittenhouse Square, Digital Image, The Philadelphia Inquirer, https://www.inquirer.com/real-estate/philadelphiareal-estate-for-sale-rittenhouse-square-20181126.html

13.

Rittenhouse Map, Digital Image, Visit Philly, https://www.visitphilly.com/areas/philadelphia-neighborhoods/rittenhousesquare/

14.

Population Map, DIgital Image, LAND8, https://www.visitphilly.com/areas/philadelphia-neighborhoods/rittenhouse-square/

15.

“1430 Walnut Street - Landmark New Construction Development,” n.d.

16.

Races in Rittenhouse, Digital Image, Data.com, http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Rittenhouse-Philadelphia-PA.html

17.

“1430 Walnut Street - Landmark New Construction Development,” n.d.

18.

Pedestrian Activity, Digital Image, Center City Phila, “Center City Reports: Philadelphia Retail.” Philadelphia, n.d.

19.

Hourly Pedestrian Activity, Digital Image, Center City Phila, “Center City Reports: Philadelphia Retail.” Philadelphia, n.d.

20.

New Zoning Code, Digital Map, WHYY, https://whyy.org/articles/new-zoning-code-takes-effect-wednesday/

21.

1430 Walnut Zoning, Digital Map, Philadelphia Atlas, https://atlas.phila.gov/#/1430 WALNUT ST/zoning

22.

own

23.

own

24.

site analysis

162 | Section 6

P RO G R A M Section Seven

DEVELOPMENT

QUANTITATIVE Room Name Room Name

Qty Qty.

S.F Each

S.F. Each

Total S.F.

Adjacencies Adjacency

Privacy Privacy

Light

Entry 1. Vestibule

100

N/A

Natu

2. Reception

300

1,17, 18

N/A

Natu

3. Shower

560

4,5,6, 15

Artifi

4. Toilet

500

3,5,6

V&A

Artifi

5. Lockers

450

900

3,4,6

N/A

Natu

6. Pre-Treament Lounge

350

700

3,4,5, 11

N/A

Natu

7. Wet Treatment

180

360

10, 19, 20

V&A

Artifi Natural (s

8. Dry Treatment

144

1728

10, 19, 21

V&A

Artifi Natural (s

9. Couples Treatment

330

660

10,20,23

V&A

Artifi Natural (s

10. Lounges

400

800

7,8,9, 13, 14

N/A

Amenities 165 | Section 7 11. Sauna

150

300

6,12

Pre- Treatment

Treatment

Natural

Artificial or

P RO G R A M

ivacy

Lighting Lighting

Furniture Furniture

Finishes/ Materials

Finishes

Acoustic Rmk. Perception Remarks Acoustic Perception

N/A

Natural

N/A

Natural

Desk, Seating

Carpet, Feature area

A,C

Welcoming, Calming

Artificial

Shower head, ADA accessories

Slip Resistant, bleach cleanable

A,B,C

Clean

V&A

Artificial

Sink, Toilet, Urinal, ADA accessories

Tile, Slip Resistant, bleach cleanable

A,B,C

Clean

N/A

Natural

Lockers, Seating

Durable, Carpet,

B,C

Safe and Secure

N/A

Natural

Seating, Casework, Snack Display

Carpet, Soft and comforting

A,B

Relaxing

V&A

Artificial Natural (screened)

A,B,C

Healing

Laundry Chute

V&A

Artificial Casework/Storag Natural (screened) e, Task Chair,

Calming, Comfort backing for employees

A,B,C

Healing

Laundry Chute

V&A

Artificial Casework/Storag Natural (screened) e, Task Chair,

Calming, Comfort backing for employees

A,B,C

Healing

Laundry Chute

A, B

Relaxing

N/A

Walk-off mat

Casework, Water Tile, Slip Resistant, Systems, Moisture Resistant Massage Table, Massage Table,

Massage Table,

Natural

Lounge chairs, Carpet, Fabric, Soft sofa, snack area

Artificial or Natural

wood benching, special heat resistant lights

Wood, Moisture, humidity, and heat resistant

A, B, C

166 | Section 7 Relaxing

Laundr

8. Dry Treatment

144

1728

10, 19, 21

V&A

Artifi Natural (s

9. Couples Treatment

330

660

10,20,23

V&A

Artifi Natural (s

10. Lounges

400

800

7,8,9, 13, 14

N/A

11. Sauna

150

300

6,12

12. Pool

2000

13. Tepidarium

300

14. Chromotherapy

15. Fitness Area

1800

16. Private Fitness Studio

17. Staff Lounge

Natural

Amenities

N/A

Artificial or

Natural

Artificial or

Artificial

1800

16,18

N/A

Natural

500

1000

3,17

Visual

Natural

250

2, 18

N/A

18. Offices

160

320

2, 17

Artificial

19. Laundry

260

20, 21

N/A

Artificial

20 Prep Room

165

330

V&A

Artificial

21. Storage

350

5, 7, 8, 9, 20

N/A

Artificial

22. Mechanical

(varies)

360

11, 12, 13, 19

N/A

Artificial

23. Restrooms

110

660

9, 10, 15, 17

V&A

Artificial

Back of House

Circulation

6500

TOTAL

22,742

167 | Section 7

N/A

Artificial or

Artificial an Natural

Massage Table,

V&A

Artificial Casework/Storag Natural (screened) e, Task Chair,

V&A

Artificial Casework/Storag Natural (screened) e, Task Chair,

N/A

A N/A

Massage Table,

A,B,C

Healing

Laundry Chute

Calming, Comfort backing for employees

A,B,C

Healing

Laundry Chute

A, B

Relaxing

Natural

Lounge chairs, Carpet, Fabric, Soft sofa, snack area

Artificial or Natural

wood benching, special heat resistant lights

Wood, Moisture, humidity, and heat resistant

A, B, C

Relaxing

Lounge Chairs

Tile, Slip Resitance

N/a

Clean

benching

Tile, Slip Resitance

A, B, C

Healing

A, B, C

Healing

Natural Artificial or Natural

Calming, Comfort backing for employees

Artificial

N/A

Natural

Fitness Equipent, Towel racks, Water dispensors

isual

Natural

Yoga mats, spin equipment

N/A

Artificial or Natural

Table, Chairs, Casework Desk, Chair, Storage washer, drying, laundry cheute, shelving

Rubber Flooring, antimicrobial, bleach cleanable

A, C

Energizing

Laundr y Chute

Rubber Flooring, antimicrobial, bleach cleanable

A, C

Energizing

Laundr y Chute

A, B, C

N/a

A, B, C

N/a

n/a

A, B, C

N/a

Artificial

N/A

Artificial

V&A

Artificial

Caswork

anti-microbial, bleach cleanable

A, B

N/a

N/A

Artificial

shelving, laundry basket

n/a

N/a

N/A

Artificial

n/a

N/a

V&A

Artificial

Tile, Slip Resistant, bleach cleanable

A, B, C

Clean

N/A

Artificial and Natural

n/a Sink, Toilet, Urinal, ADA accessories

Laundr y Chute

Carpet, Clean

placed through out

Experiential and Calming

168 | Section 7

QUANTITATIVE VESTIBULE

RECEPTION SHOWER TOILET LOCKER PRE-TREATMENT LOUNGE WET TREATMENT DRY TREATMENT COUPLES TREATMENT LOUNGE SAUNA POOL TEPIDARIUM CHROMOTHERAPY FITNESS AREA PRIVATE FITNESS STUDIO STAFF LOUNGE OFFICE LAUNDRY PREP ROOM STORAGE

major adjacency

MECHANICAL

secondary adjacency

RESTROOM

no adjacency

169 | Section 7

P RO G R A M

170 | Section 7

Q U A L I TAT I V E Room Name

Prox.

Env

Color

Indoor Air Quality

&/or plumb'g needs

Thermal Comfort

TBD

Doormats, Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

N/a

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Biophelia

Power Outlet, Security Equip. HVAC return & Diffuser

Natural Ventilation, Shading Devices, Daylight

3. Shower

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Air Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Wa S

4. Toilet

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Air Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Wa Sys Flu

5. Lockers

Wood tones

HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Air

Warm Colors w/ blue,greens, or pink

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Audio System, Water Access for Treatment, Power Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air

Warm Colors w/ blue,greens, or pink

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Audio System, Power Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air G

2,3

Warm Colors w/ blue,greens, or pink

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Audio System, Power Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air G

Warm Colors w/ blue,greens, or pink

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Biophelia, Operable Windows

Room Name

Proxemic

Power, mech, HVAC,

telecomm Mechanical Color Air Quality data/voice,

Entry 1. Vestibule

2. Reception

Pre- Treatment

6. Pre-Treament Lounge

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Biophelia, Operable Windows

Natural Ventilation, Power Outlet, HVAC Shading Devices, Daylig return & Diffuser Daylight, Operable heati Windows

Treatment 7. Wet Treatment

8. Dry Treatment

9. Couples Treatment

10. Lounges

Amenities 171 | Section 7 11. Sauna

2,3

Wood tones

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Moisture Resistant

Natural Ventilation, Audio System, Nautr Shading Devices, Dayl Power Outlet, HVAC Daylight, Operable heat/c return & Diffuser Windows

Air Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Re energ

P RO G R A M

Power, mech, HVAC, ata/voice, telecomm &/or plumb'g needs

Thermal Comfort Thermal Comfort

N/a

Power Outlet, Security Equip. HVAC return & Diffuser

Future Trends,

Environmental Environmental Ergonomics Wayfinding Permanence, Trends Qualities Qualities &/or Growth Ergonomics

Wayfinding

Daylight

N/a

Entry Signage

Natural Ventilation, Shading Devices, Daylight

Daylight

Desk and Chair Customization, ADA consideration

Map for guest

ir Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Water Reuse System

Shower head height/placeme nt

N/a

ir Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Water Reuse System, Dyal Flush Toilets

ADA grab bars, ADA height

N/a

Air Filtration

N/a

Natural Ventilation, ower Outlet, HVAC Shading Devices, Daylight, Passive return & Diffuser Daylight, Operable heating/cooling Windows

Seating Comfort, ADA reach for casework

Sign at Entry, Small map plaque with immediate spaces

Audio System, Water Access for Treatment, Power utlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air Filtration

Caswork measurments

employee escort

Sized for possible office conversion

Audio System, ower Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air Filtration, Greenery

Caswork measurments

employee escort

Sized for possible office conversion

Audio System, ower Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control

Air Filtration, Greenery

Caswork measurments

employee escort

Sized for possible office conversion

Seating Comfort, ADA reach for casework

Sign at Entry, Small map plaque with immediate spaces

HVAC return & Diffuser

Natural Ventilation, Audio System, Nautral Ventilation, Shading Devices, Daylight, Passive ower Outlet, HVAC Daylight, Operable heat/cool, Biophelia return & Diffuser Windows

ir Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Renewable energy to power

Proper bench seating types, ADA access

Sign etched on door

Rmk.

Remarks

Room for circulatio n employee

172 | Section 7

Warm Colors w/ blue,greens, or pink

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Biophelia, Operable Windows

Natural Ventilation, Audio System, Nau Shading Devices, Da Power Outlet, HVAC Daylight, Operable heat return & Diffuser Windows

2,3

Wood tones

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Moisture Resistant Materials

Air Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Whites and blues

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Water Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

13. Tepidarium

2,3

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

R ene

14. Chromotherapy

1,2

depends on the treatment

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Power Outlets, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

low

whites and bright colors

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Audio System, Power Outlets, Cable Connection, HVAC return & Diffuser

Operable Windows

whites and bright colors

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

HVAC Control, Audio System, Operable Power Outlets, HVAC Windows, Shading return & Diffuser Devices

Power Outlets, Cable Connection, HVAC return & Diffuser

Natural Ventilation

Power Outlets, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control,

Power Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

HVAC Equipment

N/a

HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

10. Lounges

Amenities 11. Sauna

12. Pool

15. Fitness Area

16. Private Fitness Stuidio

R ene

Ai rec

Back of House 17. Staff Lounge

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration, Operable Windows

18. Offices

TBD

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

19. Laundry

TBD

20. Storage

N/A

TBD

21. Mechanical

N/A

TBD

23. Restrooms

TBD

24.Circulation

173 | Section 7

Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration Low VOC Materials, Air Filtration

Natural Ventilation

Natural Ventilation, Audio System, Nautral Ventilation, Shading Devices, Daylight, Passive Power Outlet, HVAC Daylight, Operable heat/cool, Biophelia return & Diffuser Windows

Seating Comfort, ADA reach for casework

Entry, Small map plaque with immediate spaces

Air Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Renewable energy to power

Proper bench seating types, ADA access

Sign etched on door

Water Filtration, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Air Filtration, recycled Water System

ADA entry

Sign etched on door

HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Renewable energy to power

Proper bench seating types, ADA access

Sign etched on door

Mult. Types of space

ADA Access

Sign etched on door

Possible combinati on with Sauna

Daylighting

Adjustable Equipment

Sign at Entry, Small map plaque with immediate spaces

HVAC Control, Audio System, Operable Power Outlets, HVAC Windows, Shading return & Diffuser Devices

Daylighting

Adjustable Equipment

Sign at Entry

Power Outlets, Cable Connection, HVAC return & Diffuser

Natural Ventilation

Daylighting, Greenery

Desk and Chair Customization, ADA consideration

Sign at Entry

Power Outlets, HVAC return & Diffuser

Personalized HVAC Control,

Greenery

Desk and Chair Customization, ADA consideration

Sign at Entry

Power Outlet, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Sign at Entry

N/a

Sign at Entry

HVAC Equipment

N/a

Sign at Entry

HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Dual Flush Toilets

ADA grab bars, ADA height

Sign at Entry

Natural Ventilation

Power Outlets, HVAC return & Diffuser

Audio System, Power Outlets, Cable Connection, HVAC return & Diffuser

N/a

Operable Windows

low energy bulbs

Can be open area

174 | Section 7

BUILDING Section Eight

CODE & A N A LY S I S

ENVELOPED Introduction

Style

This section will analyze the current conditions of the proposed building and its structure. Code requirements will be calculated utilizing the International Building Code rules for occupancy, egress, etc.

The Walnut Street building is a modern low- rise. The modern glazing and steel structure juxtaposes the traditional stone buildings that surround it. The concept of the building was to have transparent store fronts

Building The building is located at 1430 Walnut Street at the intersection of Walnut and 15th street. This project was designed by the architect Bohlin Cywinski Jackson. The firm worked hand in hand with Eureka Metal & Glass Services, Inc. and Clemens Construction Company.1 The total square footage of the three-story building and basement level equals 53,541 square feet. In addition, the building utilizes an occupiable roof level adding an additional 13,000 feet to the project.

177 | Section 8

BY GLAZING Structure

that would interact with the pedestrians on the sidewalk. The building was also built to be able to be sectioned off to create an interchangeable floorplan depending on what corporate or hospitality spaces will occupy it.

The structural system of 1430 Walnut is steel column and beam construction. Trusses support a “unitized glass curtain wall”.2 This building is the first to utilize the “European system of structurally glazed panels”.3 As previously mentioned, the building envelope is completely enveloped by glazing on the north and west side with the south and east compromising of a ma jority of concrete.

178 | Section 8

R A I N WAT E R Materials

Sustainability

The exterior materials of this building are glazing, concrete, and steel mullions. The glass does not seem to react to the climate and geographic location in terms of daylight and heat loss. The west faรงade is the longest plane of windows and is negatively affected by sunlight. The glazing connects the interior to the street, but also purposefully does not relate to the surrounding buildings.

This modern structure does not have a holistic approach to sustainability; however, it includes a sustainable strategy that benefits not only the building, but the neighborhood. The roof of this building integrates storm water management.4 Part of the roof is designated as a rain garden to collect rainwater. The rest of the roof is considered a blue roof, which collects rain water and slowly releases it back in the city to avoid flooding.5

179 | Section 8

COLLECTION Utilization

A portion of this building will be utilized in the proposed Holistic Spa. The second and third floors will be used in order to maintain greater privacy and provide better views. These two floors total in about 26,000 square feet. The large footprint of the escalator entry will be kept, but will be replaced by a grand staircase. The roof will not be utilized because of its integral water collection systems.

180 | Section 8

FLOORPLANS A203 1

5'-1"

a 10'-0"

9'-0 1/4"

10'-0"

9'-0 1/4"

A 8'-0"

8'-0"

1 A303

A.5

A202 1

80'-0"

33'-0"

80'-0"

33'-0"

A202 2

1 A302 3

A202

24'-0"

1 A301

UP 5'-0"

5'-0"

3 A304 5'-0"

12'-0"

A201

1 A304

2 A304

12'-0"

30'-0"

27'-6"

8'-10 3/4"

1'-0"

PL 1

1.5

6.7

186'-4 3/4"

Third Floor Plan

1 A103

THIRD FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

PL 9'-0 1/4"

10'-0"

9'-0 1/4"

10'-0"

A 1 A303

8'-0"

A.5

A202 1

80'-0"

33'-0"

A202 2

1 A302 3

A202

61'-4"

24'-0"

1 A301

C 5'-0"

5'-0"

3 A304

5'-0"

12'-0"

2 A201

1 A304

2 A304

12'-0"

1.5

1 A201

30'-0"

Second Floor Plan

30'-0"

27'-6"

6.7

186'-4 3/4"

1 A102

181 | Section 8

1'-0"

8'-10 3/4"

SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

AND SEC T I O N 1 A304

1.5

6.7

PENTHOUSE ROOF LEVEL 119'-6" 2 A304 17'-6"

3 A304

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

18'-0"

ROOF SLAB 102'-0"

22'-8"

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

SECOND FLOOR 61'-4" a

A.5

1 A303

1 A302

1 A301

5'-0"

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

18'-0"

22'-0"

ROOF SLAB 102'-0"

FIRST FLOOR 39'-4" FIRST FLOOR SOUTH 37'-10"

22'-8"

19'-0"

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

BASEMENT 20'-4" SECOND FLOOR 61'-4"

East Facing Section

22'-0"

RETURN

1 A302

SECTION - N-S, LOOKING EAST SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

19'-0"

FIRST FLOOR 39'-4"

BASEMENT 20'-4"

A.5 1 A303

3 A304

SECTION THROUGH DINING BALCONY LOBBY, LOOKING SOUTH A302 & SECOND FLOOR TENANT ENTRY A301

A.5

B 1 A302

C 1 A301

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

A.5

1 A302

PENTHOUSE ROOF LEVEL 119'-6"

ROOF SLAB 102'-0"

1 A301

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

5'-0"

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

18'-0"

12'-6"

1 A303

A 1 A303

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

5'-0"

ROOF SLAB 102'-0"

18'-0"

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

22'-8"

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

SECOND FLOOR 61'-4"

RETURN

SECOND FLOOR 61'-4"

23'-0"

22'-0"

SECOND FLOOR 61'-4"

1'-0"

FIRST FLOOR 39'-4" FIRST FLOOR 39'-4" STAIR 3 LANDING 38'-4"

STAIR 3 LANDING 38'-4"

17'-6"

18'-0"

19'-0"

FIRST FLOOR SOUTH 37'-10"

BASEMENT 20'-4"

1 A303

B 1

South Facing Section

SECTION - E-W, 1 A302 SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0" A304

C 1

LOOKING SOUTH A301

PENTHOUSE ROOF LEVEL 119'-6"

12'-6"

1 A301

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0" 5'-0"

PARAPET LEVEL 107'-0"

ROOF SLAB 102'-0"

18'-0"

1 A302

A.5

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

182 | Section 8

THIRD FLOOR 84'-0"

22'-8"

A.5

1 A303

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

5'-0"

A304

18'-0"

SCALE: 1/8" = 1'-0"

22'-8"

SECTION THROUGH DINING BALCONY & SECOND FLOOR TENANT LOBBY, SECTION - E-W,ENTRY LOOKING SOUTHLOOKING SOUTH 2

South Facing Section 3 A304

SECOND FLOOR 61'-4"

COMPLIANCE Applicable Building Information Zoning Ordinance: City of Philadelphia Fired Code:

2009 International Fire Code

Building Code:

2018 International Building Code

Energy Code:

2018 International Energy Conservation Code

User Group Business Group B

Means of Egress Dead End Limit: 20’ - 50’ Corridor Width: 44” Exits: 2 per story - 4 total Exit Travel Distance - 300’ with sprinklers

Fitness Room Gross Square Footage: 2800 SF per Occupant: 50 gross (exercise room) Total Occupants: 56

Treatment Room Gross Square Footage: 2752 SF per Occupant: 100 gross (business area) Total Occupants: 27.52

183 | Section 8

Locker Room Gross Square Footage: 900 SF per Occupant: 50 gross (locker rooms) Total Occupants: 18

Special Amenities (sauna, tep, chromotherapy)

Gross Square Footage: 900 SF per Occupant: 50 gross (locker rooms) Total Occupants: 18

Lounge Gross Square Footage: 3450 SF per Occupant: 15 net (assembly w/out fixed seats) Total Occupants: 230

WITH CODE Project Data Name: Address: Date of Completion Number of Stories: Total Gross Sqft: Circulation (30%):

Proposed Holistic Spa 1430 Walnut Street, Philadelphia 2015 Three Stories 60,000 16,500 sqft

Pool

Sanitation

Gross Square Footage: 2000 SF per Occupant: 50 gross (rink and pool) Total Occupants: 40

Male/Female: 199/199 WC Male: 4 WC Female: 5 Lav Male: 3 Lav Female: 3 Drinking Fountain: 4 Service Sink: 1

Administrative Office Gross Square Footage: 320 SF per Occupant: 100 gross (business area) Total Occupants: 3.2

Back of House Gross Square Footage: 1400 SF per Occupant: 300 gross (accessory storage area) Total Occupants: 4.6

Fire Protection Fire Exit Enclosures: 2 hr Shafts and Elevators: 2 hr Tenant Space Separtations: 2 hr Smoke Barriers: assume 30 min. Corrider Fire-Resistance: 1 hr Incidental Use Areas: Laundry: 1 hr Mechanical Room: 1 hr

Total Occupancy: 397

184 | Section 8

S PAT I A L

Solid and Void: Third Floor

Solid and Void: Second Floor

185 | Section 8

DIAGRAMS

Structural Diagram: Apply to all Floors

Module Diagram: Apply to all Floors

186 | Section 8

D AY L I G H T

Daylight: Third Floor

187 | Section 8

D I AG R A M S

Daylight: South Cross Section

188 | Section 8

End Notes 1.

Phorio Systems Corporation. “Bohlin Cywinski Jackson.” Phorio. Accessed December 1, 2019. https:// en.phorio.com/?t=overview&company=327318631.

“1430 WALNUT STREET | PHILADELPHIA Collaboration and Precision Ensured a European Glazing System’s First Appearance in the U.S. Was a Clear Success.,” n.d.

Philadelphia, City of. City of Philadelphia: Codes. Accessed December 1, 2019. https://www.phila.gov/li/ codesandregulations/Pages/codes.aspx.

International Building Code. Country Club Hills, IL: International Code Council, Inc., 2017.

“Projects.” BCJ. Accessed December 18, 2019. https://www.bcj.com/projects/15th-and-walnut-streetbuilding.

Ibid.,

189 | Section 8

Image Citations 1.

Bohlin Jackson, Exterior Facade, Digital Image, https://www.bcj.com/projects/15th-and-walnut-streetbuilding

Kern, A, First Floor Interior, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, Exterior, Unpublished Photo

Kern, A, Second Floor Interior, Unpublished Photo

Bohlin Jackson, Exploded Axon, Digital Drawing, https://www.bcj.com/projects/15th-and-walnut-streetbuilding

190 | Section 8

S U M M A RY

The life of a working individual is high stakes. It consists of long hours, busy days, and plenty of people counting on you. The stress that employees undergo is greater at this time than any other time of history, which means it is imperative these people have a place to relieve their stresses. Corporate companies are beginning to realize that the health of their employees is more beneficial than pushing constant productivity. The Wellness Spa, funded by the Four Seasons, will support this initiative and provide a place of respite and calm to employees working in the bustling urban fabric. The research conducted for this project showed that employees are so stressed that it is affecting their mental and physical health. It also happens, that people working in an urban area are more likely to be aggravated, lose focus, and experience anxious feelings. This Wellness Spa, is a proposed solution. It is a place these employees can visit anytime of the day, for as little as an hour, to experience holistic healing. The proposed project focuses on the overall Wellness of the individual: Mind, Body, and Spirit. Various researched case studies provided helpful information about programming, spatial orientation, and innovative treatments. The visited case studies showed a common spatial layout that proves successful for most spas. It focuses on grouping spaces into pretreatment areas, wet areas, treatment areas, and fitness areas. These examples of spas provided knowledge of possible difficulties such as water leakage, slippages, and privacy. The researched case studies introduced innovative treatments and material choices that were not accessible for visitation. These included experience showers, cold rooms, and chromotherapy. The userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s comfort is most important

191 | Section 9

when designing a spa. The research has shown that lighting, ound, and proximetrics are three qualities that could make or break the success of a spa. Lighting and sound must calm users in treatment areas and private lounges, while invigorating users in fitness areas and lounges. Not only is lighting important throughout the space, but it can also be used specifically for chromotherapy: treatment with light. Research showed that smell, touch, and taste are just as important as sight and sound. The location of the proposed project is within walking distance from ma jor corporate buildings in Philadelphia. The building is an open floor plate which provides opportunities to create a natural oasis in such an urban area. Opportunities for daylight, a mood improving strategy, are possible with the floor to ceiling windows. This project will provide employees under stress an opportunity to relax and be cared for by other humans. Their productivity and ambition will increase with the opportunity to pause and take time for themselves. After all, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a momentâ&#x20AC;Śeven you.â&#x20AC;? The ma jority of Research gathered for this project came from scholarly sources, confirming the validity of the information in the sources. The sources are reliable and relevant to the design of a spa. The information found from these sources will inform design decisions in order to create a holisitc design approach for holistic healing.

192 | Section 9

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C A P S TO N E Capstone R&P Professor Lisa Phillips, IIDA Associate Professor at Thomas Jefferson University E: phillipsl@philau.edu

Capstone Studio Professor Loukia Tsafoulia, Adjunct Professor at Thomas Jefferson University E: Loukia.Tsafoulia@jefferson.edu

COMMITTEE Advisor Rick Daugherty Owner - 3rd Story Architects E: rick@3rdstory.com

Advisor Rebecca Lunceford Spa Consultant â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Hyatt Hotels E: Rebecca.lunceford@hyatt.com

Advisor Jennifer Nye Strategic Planning Principle â&#x20AC;&#x201C; L2Partridge E: nye@l2p.com

Abigail Kern