REFERNCES

REFERENCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Ansari, H., 2004. The “infidel” within: The History of Muslims in Britain. London: C. Hurst, p.37.

Art of Architecture S2, E2, Cambridge Central Mosque. 2021. [film] Sky Arts.

Commins, D., 2009. The Wahhabi mission and Saudi Arabia. London: I.B. Tauris, p.247.

Conti, F., 1978. Centers of belief. HBJ Press, Boston.

Fisher, M., 2008. Counterflows to colonialism. Delhi: Permanent Black, pp.111–9, 129–30, 140.

Geaves, R., n.d. Islam in Victorian Britain. p.91.

Grube, E., Dickie, J., Grabar, O., Sims, E., Lewcock, R., Jones, D., Petherbridge, G. and Michell, G., 1978. Architecture of the Islamic world. pp.65-79.

Hecht, R., Biondo, V. and Hussain, S., 2010. Religion and everyday life and culture. 3rd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger, p.859.

La Barbera, M., 2014. Identity and Migration in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Springer Science+Business Media, p.230.

Petersen, A., 1996. Dictionary of islamic architecture. London: Routledge, p.247.

Saleem, S., 2018. The British mosque. Historic England, pp.16-18, 63-67, 120, 259,.

Saleem, S. and Saleem, S., 2012. A history of mosques in Britain. [online] The Architects’ Journal. Available at: <https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/ archive/a-history-of-mosques-in-britain> [Accessed 15 February 2021].

REFERENCES

FIGURES:

Figure 1: Prostration Source: https://www.prayerinislam.com/fatwas-rulings/prolonged-supplicationin-the-final-prostration-permissible/

Figure 2: Open Iftar - Ramadan Tent Project, London Source: https://www.ramadantentproject.com/

Figure 3: Home Prayer Space, Birmingham Source: Albakar Mukadam (2021)

Figure 4: Dome of the Rock, Palestine Source: Albakar Mukadam (2019)

Figure 5: Mosque Archetypes Source: Stegers, R., Baumann, D. (Eds.), 2010. Sacred buildings: a design manual, A de sign manual. Birkhäuser, Basel.

Figure 6: Doorway of Grand Mosque, Paris Source: Albakar Mukadam (2019)

Figure 7: 3 Lascars Source:https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-lascars-britains-colonialera-sailors

Figure 8: Distribution of Muslims across England Source: Albakar Mukadam. (Adapted from illustration by Shahed Saleem 2012)

Figure 9: Approx proportion of mosque typologies in Britain Source: Albakar Mukadam. (dapted from illustration by Shahed Saleem 2012)

Figure 10: Abdullah Quilliam Source: http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/about-abdullah-quilliam/

Figure 11: Abdullah Quilliam Mosque Interior Source: http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/during-abdullah-quilliams-life/

Figure 12: Abdullah Quilliam Mosque Exterior Source: http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/present-exterior/

Figure 13: The main entrance, Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking Source: https://www.migrationmuseum.org/grade-i-status-conferred-on-britishmosque-with-extraordinary-history/ © Heritage England

Figure 14: Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking Source: https://www.migrationmuseum.org/grade-i-status-conferred-on-britishmosque-with-extraordinary-history/ © Heritage England

Figure 15: The Shah Jahan Mosque view from the street, Woking Source: https://www.migrationmuseum.org/grade-i-status-conferred-on-britishmosque-with-extraordinary-history/ © Heritage England

Figure 16: Shah Jahan Mosque Dome Interior, Woking Source: https://www.migrationmuseum.org/grade-i-status-conferred-on-britishmosque-with-extraordinary-history/ © Heritage England

Figure 17: Jamia Mosque, Bristol Source: http://museums.bristol.gov.uk/narratives.php?irn=2806

Figure 18: West and North Elevations of the former Church and the proposed alterations Source: (Drawings based on Bristol City Council application, 1978)

Figure 19: Quilliam’s unbuilt proposed Cathedral Mosque Source: http://www.abdullahquilliam.org/during-abdullah-quilliams-life/ (iverpool Records)

Figure 20: Typical orientation in purpose-built and converted mosques Source: Albakar Mukadam

Figure 21: Comparison of mosque types across key towns Source: Shahed Saleem (2012)

Figure 22: Mosques locations across Birmingham overlaid with density of Muslim population Source: Shahed Saleem (2012)

Figure 23: Mosques locations across Birmingham overlaid with levels of deprivation Source: Shahed Saleem (2012)

Figure 24: Zawiya Mosque, Birmingham Source: Google Maps (2021)

Figure 25: Central Mosque Interior, Birmingham Source: https://www.business-live.co.uk/economic-development/birminghamcentral-mosque-hidden-parts-10649704 (2017)

Figure 26: Central Mosque, Birmingham Source: https://centralmosque.org.uk/resources/gallery/ (2020)

Figure 27: Ghamkol Sharif Mosque Interior, Birmingham Source: Shahed Saleem (2018)

Figure 28: Ghamkol Sharif Mosque, Birmingham Source: http://www.faithuk.org/listing/ghamkol-sharif-birmingham/ (2019)

Figure 29: Timber Mihrab, Cambridge Source: Albakar Mukadam (2020)

Figure 30: Sahn, Cambridge Source: Albakar Mukadam (2020)

Figure 31: Qiblah Wall, Cambridge Source: Albakar Mukadam (2020)

Figure 32: Interior, Cambridge Source: Albakar Mukadam (2020)