3.Architectural Design considerations

structure and needs to truly achieve gender equality.

In the planning and construction of more public toilets, the following measures can be adopted: first, according to the local population and the proportion of men and women, the planning and construction of public toilets, according to the ratio of 1:2 space to build men's toilets and women's toilets. Second, more toilets that can be used by both men and women can be built appropriately. Third, in case of emergency, the relevant construction and use units can have the right to transfer the male and female toilets to each other.

2.6.2 planning and improving village night lighting

Improving night lighting in villages can help women to be safer at night. According to statistics, not only in Senegal but also in many countries and cities, women are twice as likely to encounter crimes at night as during the day. Although Baghere village has some night lighting devices, it has not fully covered the space for women's activities at night. Therefore, we propose to plan and improve the night lighting system of Baghere village. First of all, the village's main roads and main activity areas should be installed with energy-saving, environment-friendly LED street lights, and the opening time of street lights should be set. Secondly, sound-controlled lighting devices should be installed in areas where population activity is not intensive.

This building aims to provide a place for local women to receive education, obtain life skills and even provide some jobs. Unlike ordinary commercial or residential buildings, although Women’s house conducts small commercial activities and provides a little residential function, the main purpose is to protect and educate local women.

The style adopted in this building is mainly integrated with the local architecture, taking into account the infrastructure and the space for activities needed to increase the social status of women. Women’s house uses a sloped roof consistent with the local area, using red bricks that are easily available locally as the outer wall, and bamboo partition walls inside. Founder's design facilitates functional partitioning. The sloping roof makes rainwater not conducive to residues and can be collected. The bamboo partition wall blocks the line of sight while ensuring air circulation. The seats symbolizing equality between men and women displayed in the activity center using brick show the purpose of women's house construction. The overall orientation of the building is from the north to the south, combined with the local wind direction in different periods to ensure proper indoor ventilation and temperature. Combined with the exterior design of the building to provide land for local women's agricultural activities. the overall layout of the building is as follows：

Figure 1. Building floor plan The gates of the Women's Activity Center run through each other, and the passage separates the toilets and other infrastructure from the meeting room and office. Since the Women's Activity Center

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will hold some activities or conduct some course education, there will often be a large flow of people inside, so the interpenetrating doors can ensure indoor air circulation. The building is divided into 8 parts according to function. The meeting room has an area of 28.14 square meters, and the floor is covered with wooden boards for 15 people to hold meetings. The office area is 21.09 ㎡ enough for administrative management and activity organization. The activity room with an area of more than 50 square meters is not designed with a wall. When meeting the group activity space, the external space can be flexibly expanded. A bench symbolizing gender equality is provided in the middle of the activity room, which can satisfy them for collective and individual activities. Activity needs. In addition to meeting the basic needs of Balou Salo, it also provides separate toilets for men and women, a female-only medical room, an administration room for reception, and a kitchen that can be used for cooking and selling goods.

Figure 2. Building function usage map

Detailed consideration has been given to the space design of different parts:

3.1 Toilet

The toilet part is designed according to the local customs and habits of men and women and the needs of women's centers. Since many locals believe in Islam, according to Islamic customs, it is best for men to separate from women during their menstrual period. "They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is an Adha (a harmful thing for a husband to have a sexual intercourse with his wife while she is having her menses), therefore, keep away from women during menses and go not unto them till They are purified (from menses and have taken a bath)" (Islam, 2006) Therefore, men and women toilets with back-to-open doors are installed to prevent menstruating women and men from meeting. Similarly, women during menstruation are more sensitive and weak, and need a cleaner bathroom to protect them. However, due to the lack of local water sources, a single flushing toilet was used in women's toilets specifically for menstruating women.

Most of the toilets used locally are dry toilets, but the disposal of excrement is a problem. The Senegalese government introduced an SMS manure treatment system: Doulaye Kone from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which invested in developing the new SMS system as well as providing financial support to pit emptiers to buy better vehicles and equipment, says it's not just about making sanitation sexy, but making it profitable (The Guardian, 2015). Therefore, local dry toilets only need to prepare enough storage space and regularly send manure to nearby treatment plants. Use an acacia wood board at the pit of the dry toilet to raise the ground, place storage facilities

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below, and set up a one-way baffle at the pit to block odors. When disposing of waste, open the side of the raised area and take out the storage equipment below.

Figure 3. Bathroom layout, left male and right female

Figure 4. Open for waste collection in toilet Figure 5. Toilet windows and water tank

For the location of the toilet, the main consideration is the danger of women going to the toilet at night. The male toilets are set outside the building, and the female toilets are inside the building. Women staying at night do not need to leave the building when they enter the toilet, which reduces the possible harm that women may suffer when going out at night. The male toilet and female toilet have a small window above each for ventilation to prevent the smell of the toilet from entering the room. The windows of the bathroom are facing outwards, avoiding the smell of the kitchen opposite the building.

Each compartment inside the toilet is completely separated from each other and can be used as a women's changing room. The red brick wall is used to isolate the toilet from the next healthcare room. Mainly because the humidity in the bathroom is heavier than other parts. Secondly, the red brick wall can better isolate the toilet and external noise, reducing the embarrassment of external people hearing the sound of using the toilet inside.

3.2 Water tank

A water tank with a built-in storage device with filtering facilities is installed next to the male toilet with a red brick exterior wall to collect rainwater, which can be used for toilet flushing and irrigation water. Laying a recess with a certain slope on the roof makes rainwater fall into the water tank. In addition, the sink is close to the toilet to facilitate the use of water.

3.3 Healthcare room

A healthcare room is set up next to the toilet, equipped with a bed and a desk space. A window is opened outward in the Healthcare room to increase indoor lighting. The Healthcare room is mainly set up for women to treat and consult some diseases they are not willing to cure in public hospitals. WHO (2012) has argued that “Women in Africa account for more than half of deaths of women

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worldwide due to communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions and nutritional deficiencies. They bear an even heavier burden of HIV/ AIDS with the related morbidity and mortality accounting for 89% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among women worldwide. The burden of disease and death in the African Region is worst in regard to maternal mortality." Therefore, the women's activity center provides a place for women to check and consult diseases. This can greatly reduce the appearance and aggravation of their illness caused by their lack of cognition and treatment. And while providing services to women, it can also give some women employment opportunities.

Figure 6. The layout of the Healthcare room

3.4 Kitchen

The Kitchen is set up next to the gate of the building, and a window is opened in the wall and equipped with a wooden table that can extend outward. The establishment of the Kitchen mainly takes into account that the people involved in the activities may have cooking activities at noon, and the kitchen can be a way for local women to earn income. During non-kitchen cooking time, some instant food or handmade products made by local women can be placed on the wooden board for sale. Although the home is generally considered the best place for a woman, Islam does not prohibit a woman from a career in the outside world (Ho-Ka, 2011). So this approach will not offend local religious customs. Women can also earn a certain income in this way to gain a certain family voice.

Figure 7. The layout of the Kitchen

3.5Administration place

Administration place is mainly used to receive guests who come to give lectures or hold other

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activities and to register visitors. A window was opened on the wall next to Administration to facilitate the people at the front desk to observe the external situation and provide sufficient outdoor light. A bookshelf is used at the front desk to isolate the space and visually. Some simple picture albums that promote gender equality can be placed on the bookshelf to facilitate the personnel inside to conduct subtle education when reading. Similarly, the administration place also provides a job opportunity for local women.

Figure 8. The layout of the Administration place

3.6 Office

The total area of the Office is 21 square meters. After placing two file cabinets, one large and one small, the remaining space can be enough for 10 people for meetings or 3-5 people for permanent office. Office uses sliding doors, which saves space and does not affect visual aesthetics. The Office has opened 3 windows outwards to ensure the lighting and ventilation effect of the room even on cloudy days. Office uses bamboo partition walls to isolate the space while using the toughness of bamboo to reduce the possibility of door frame deformation.

Figure 9. The layout of the Office

3.7 Meeting room

The floor of the meeting room is laid with wooden planks and carpets can meet 10-15 people for meetings. There is no window on the right wall. Wooden boards or other materials can be nailed on the wall as writing boards, which can be used for meetings and some courses.

Since it is impossible to hold meetings of 10-15 people every day, the meeting room can usually be used as a small classroom for some small skill courses. In addition to some popular speeches, women can also learn some non-universal skills, and then they can use the meeting room. For example, when learning how to use medical skills, due to the need for tool assistance, maybe not all women can learn, then holding in the meeting room can ensure the privacy of medical education (because it is some medical education for gynecological diseases).

Another function of the meeting room is to serve as a temporary residence for some women. When domestic violence may occur in the local area, or a woman cannot live with the man due to her menstrual period, she can choose to live in the meeting room. The wooden floor can be used as a

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bedroom for temporary residence after being covered with a blanket. The meeting room also uses wooden sliding doors to save space. Similarly, three windows are opened outward to ensure indoor ventilation and lighting. The room is equipped with two large cabinets which can be used to store some tools.

Figure 10. The layout of the Meeting Room

3.8 Activity room.

The activity room is semi-open. A solid wooden sliding door is used for the door leading to the activity room from the room. When there is no activity in the activity room, it can be fully opened to increase indoor ventilation and lighting. When there is activity, the door can be closed as a board for writing or posting announcements. The entire wall of the Activity Room has no windows and can be used as a blackboard, which can be used as a propaganda wall for large-scale lectures.

There are no high walls on the three sides of the Activity room, so that the people in the middle will not worry about space, lighting and ventilation problems because of the large number of activities. The roof is supported by wooden pillars to ensure the use of the activity room during rainy days or excessive sunlight. The three sides of the activity room are distinguished and waterproofed by red brick walls with a height of 500mm, which can also be used as seats during normal use. In the middle of the activity room, red bricks are used to collage to form a symbol of gender equality, which can be used as a seat usually.

In the external landscape part, we will design some agricultural land as part of the source of women's income. Some women need to learn agricultural knowledge and processing of agricultural products, and it will be more conducive for them to learn practical operations in the open activity room. At some regular time, the open activity room can also be used as a market for trading second-hand products or hand-made products. Everyone can share a part of the place as a booth for sale.

Figure 11. The layout of the Meeting Room

3.9 Roof.

The roof of the building uses a common slope roof, using galvanised iron sheet as the outermost

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layer, and a wooden frame inside, with a slope of 10°. Lay a single layer of red bricks on the outer wall to fix the roof frame. Solar panels are laid symmetrically above the roof to use sunlight to power indoors. The roof covers the activity room, even if the sun is shining or the wind is heavy and rainy, activities can be carried out in the activity room. Drainage grooves are installed around the roof to draw water to the water tank for recycling.

Figure 12. Overall presentation of the roof

For women who may experience domestic violence, the activity center can be used as a shelter for them, and teach all women how to protect themselves and educate them to face the mistakes of domestic violence. Some men in the local area may therefore reject women's centers. If men in the activity center harm women or insult women, the activity center can protect the injured women and educate men. The women's center can generate income for women through kitchen windows, activity rooms and farmland, and make local men aware of the advantages of women's improved social status, thereby reducing their level of gender discrimination.

The functions of the entire building system are integrated, taking into account the special needs of local women and the needs of the building for different functions. In terms of function, it meets the basic needs of Balou Salo and ensures the space size of the meeting room and activity room, so that they can perform activities at the same time without being disturbed. The number and size of windows in the building ensure indoor ventilation and lighting. The bamboo pole partition used can block the view and adjust the indoor temperature. The solar panels on the roof can meet indoor lighting, and the water tank next to it can provide daily and emergency water.

In terms of women's health, the healthcare room can conduct medical science popularization for local women and cure and prevent some gynecological diseases. The bathroom also provides a cleaner and sanitary place for women in special periods to protect their safety.

When the whole building is in operation during the day, the reception staff at the front desk will register unfamiliar people entering and exiting, and during various activities, the partition wall can well block the line of sight and will not affect each other's activities. When the door is closed at night, women who stay in the house can go to the toilet and eat items stored in the kitchen without having to leave the building, reducing the possibility of women being injured at night.

Combining architectural and environmental design can form a whole. Inside the activity center, women can hold meetings or study in the meeting room, women in the activity room can learn farming skills, and teach on-site within the visible range, while other women can cultivate in the farmland. Children can play nearby and receive some education by the way. The building uses water from nearby solar wells and rainwater tank, and the generated wastewater will be transferred to the sewage treatment plant to be filtered into usable water. The entire site can provide local people with a place that integrates activities, education, and income. Influencing the entire community while learning

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