Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 8th Edition by Frederic Martini & Judi Nath TEST BANK by ACADEMIAMILL

Chapterȱ1 AnȱIntroductionȱtoȱAnatomyȱandȱPhysiology MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱanalysisȱofȱtheȱinternalȱstructureȱofȱindividualȱcellsȱisȱcalled A) cytology. B) histology. C) embryology. D) physiology. E) anatomy. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱstudyȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱformȱandȱsuperficialȱmarkingsȱofȱanȱorganismȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱanatomy. A) gross B) surface C) systemic D) regional E) surgical Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱstudyȱofȱtheȱsuperficialȱandȱinternalȱfeaturesȱinȱaȱspecificȱareaȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱanatomy. A) surface B) regional C) surgical D) pathological E) radiographic Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Anatomicalȱfeaturesȱthatȱchangeȱduringȱillnessȱareȱstudiedȱinȱ________ȱanatomy. A) gross B) surface C) microscopic D) pathological E) regional Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱstudyȱofȱtheȱliverȱisȱtoȱgrossȱanatomyȱasȱtheȱstudyȱofȱtheȱliverȱcellȱisȱto A) physiology. B) regionalȱanatomy. C) cytology. D) systemicȱanatomy. E) radiographicȱanatomy. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱstudyȱofȱtheȱfirstȱtwoȱmonthsȱofȱdevelopmentȱisȱtermed A) histology. B) embryology. C) cytology. D) pathology. E) organology. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱstudyȱofȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱspecificȱorganȱsystemsȱisȱcalled A) systemicȱphysiology. B) organȱphysiology. C) cellȱphysiology. D) pathologicalȱphysiology. E) histology. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Cardiovascularȱphysiologyȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) histophysiology. B) organȱphysiology. C) systemicȱphysiology. D) pathologicalȱphysiology. E) physiologicalȱchemistry. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱarrangedȱinȱcorrectȱorderȱfromȱtheȱmostȱCOMPLEXȱtoȱtheȱSIMPLEST? A) cellular,ȱtissue,ȱmolecular,ȱsystem,ȱorgan,ȱorganism B) molecular,ȱcellular,ȱtissue,ȱorgan,ȱsystem,ȱorganism C) tissue,ȱcellular,ȱmolecular,ȱorgan,ȱsystem,ȱorganism D) organ,ȱorganism,ȱmolecular,ȱcellular,ȱtissue,ȱsystem E) organism,ȱsystem,ȱorgan,ȱtissue,ȱcellular,ȱmolecular Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Whichȱorganȱsystemȱprovidesȱsupport,ȱprotectionȱofȱsoftȱtissue,ȱmineralȱstorage,ȱandȱbloodȱformation? A) integumentary B) muscular C) skeletal D) nervous E) endocrine Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱorganȱsystemȱtransportsȱnutrients,ȱmetabolicȱwastes,ȱgases,ȱandȱdefenseȱcells? A) cardiovascular B) digestive C) muscular D) respiratory E) urinary Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Whichȱorganȱsystemȱincludesȱtheȱspleenȱandȱtheȱtonsils? A) digestive B) endocrine C) nervous D) cardiovascular E) lymphatic Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱkidneysȱandȱuretersȱareȱorgansȱofȱtheȱ________ȱsystem. A) endocrine B) digestive C) respiratory D) urinary E) lymphatic Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱpituitaryȱglandȱandȱthyroidȱglandȱareȱorgansȱofȱtheȱ________ȱsystem. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) respiratory D) lymphatic E) digestive Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Whichȱorganȱsystemȱremovesȱcarbonȱdioxideȱfromȱtheȱbloodstream? A) cardiovascular B) lymphatic C) respiratory D) digestive E) endocrine Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Lungsȱareȱtoȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystemȱasȱtheȱliverȱisȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱsystem. A) lymphatic B) urinary C) digestive D) cardiovascular E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Skin,ȱhair,ȱandȱnailsȱareȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱ________ȱsystem. A) skeletal B) muscular C) integumentary D) endocrine E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱmaintenanceȱofȱaȱconstantȱinternalȱenvironmentȱinȱanȱorganismȱisȱtermed A) positiveȱfeedback. B) homeostasis. C) negativeȱfeedback. D) effectorȱcontrol. E) integration. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whenȱbodyȱtemperatureȱrises,ȱaȱcenterȱinȱtheȱbrainȱinitiatesȱphysiologicalȱchangesȱtoȱdecreaseȱtheȱbody temperature.ȱThisȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) negativeȱfeedback. B) positiveȱfeedback. C) nonhomeostaticȱregulation. D) diagnosticȱregulation. E) fever. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Inȱgeneral,ȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱdoesȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ except A) helpsȱtoȱmaintainȱhomeostasis. B) respondsȱrapidlyȱtoȱchange. C) directsȱlong-termȱresponsesȱtoȱchange. D) directsȱveryȱspecificȱresponses. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Whichȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem? A) releasesȱchemicalȱmessengersȱcalledȱhormones B) producesȱaȱmoreȱrapidȱresponseȱthanȱtheȱnervousȱsystem C) producesȱeffectsȱthatȱlastȱforȱdaysȱorȱlonger D) producesȱanȱeffectȱthatȱinvolvesȱseveralȱorgansȱorȱtissuesȱatȱtheȱsameȱtime E) importantȱhomeostaticȱsystem Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱpersonȱfacingȱforwardȱwithȱhandsȱatȱtheȱsidesȱandȱpalmsȱfacingȱforwardȱisȱinȱthe A) supineȱposition. B) proneȱposition. C) anatomicalȱposition. D) frontalȱposition. E) sagittalȱposition. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Anȱanatomicalȱtermȱthatȱmeansȱtheȱsame asȱventral: A) posterior B) inferior C) abdominal D) anterior E) superior Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱheartȱisȱ________ȱtoȱtheȱlungs. A) lateral B) medial C) posterior D) proximal E) distal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱwristȱisȱ________ȱtoȱtheȱelbow. A) proximal B) distal C) lateral D) medial E) horizontal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱchinȱisȱ________ȱtoȱtheȱnose. A) anterior B) superior C) posterior D) inferior E) medial Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱregionsȱcorrespondsȱtoȱtheȱbuttocks? A) pelvic B) cephalic C) gluteal D) lumbar E) thoracic Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱrefersȱtoȱtheȱfoot? A) cervical B) brachial C) antebrachial D) femoral E) pedal Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Whichȱplaneȱdividesȱtheȱbodyȱintoȱrightȱandȱleftȱparts? A) proximal B) frontal C) orthogonal D) transverse E) sagittal Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱmuscleȱknownȱasȱtheȱdiaphragmȱseparatesȱtheȱ________ȱfromȱtheȱ________. A) pleuralȱcavity;ȱmediastinum B) thoracicȱcavity;ȱabdominopelvicȱcavity C) pericardialȱcavity;ȱpleuralȱcavity D) abdominalȱcavity;ȱpelvicȱcavity E) pericardialȱsac;ȱpericardialȱcavity Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱthoracicȱcavityȱcontainsȱthe A) coelom. B) pericardialȱcavity. C) pelvicȱcavity. D) pleuralȱcavities. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Aȱmidsagittalȱsectionȱwouldȱpassȱthroughȱthe A) kidney. B) lung. C) heart. D) spleen. E) leg. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) Theȱserousȱmembraneȱcoveringȱtheȱstomachȱandȱmostȱofȱtheȱintestinesȱisȱcalledȱthe A) pericardium. B) peritoneum. C) pleura. D) mediastinum. E) abdomen. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Mary,ȱwhoȱisȱ6ȱmonthsȱpregnant,ȱgoesȱtoȱherȱphysicianȱforȱaȱtestȱtoȱcheckȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱherȱfetus.ȱThe physicianȱusesȱaȱdeviceȱthatȱemitsȱsoundȱwavesȱtoȱproduceȱanȱimageȱofȱtheȱfetus.ȱThisȱtechniqueȱisȱknownȱas A) X-ray. B) CT. C) MRI. D) ultrasound. E) radiography. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Anȱimagingȱtechniqueȱthatȱusesȱaȱmagneticȱfieldȱandȱradioȱwavesȱtoȱproduceȱviewsȱinsideȱtheȱbodyȱisȱthe A) angiogram. B) radiograph. C) CTȱscan. D) MRIȱscan. E) ultrasound. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Ifȱaȱresponseȱdecreasesȱaȱdisturbance,ȱtheȱsystemȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱaȱ________ȱfeedbackȱsystem. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

37) Ifȱaȱresponseȱincreasesȱaȱdisturbance,ȱtheȱsystemȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱaȱ________ȱfeedbackȱsystem. A) deficit B) negative C) neutral D) polarized E) positive Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

38) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱisȱlocatedȱbetweenȱtheȱperitoneumȱandȱtheȱbodyȱwall? A) stomach B) kidney C) urinaryȱbladder D) largeȱintestine E) spleen Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Anatomyȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱphysiologyȱisȱtoȱ________. A) function;ȱform B) form;ȱstructure C) structure;ȱfunction D) structure;ȱform E) growth;ȱform Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

40) Theȱcentralȱprincipleȱofȱphysiologyȱis A) nutrition. B) reflexes. C) homeostasis. D) stimulation. E) temperatureȱregulation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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41) Anȱexampleȱofȱaȱreceptorȱinȱaȱnegativeȱfeedbackȱloopȱcontrollingȱbodyȱtemperatureȱwouldȱbe A) temperatureȱsensorsȱonȱtheȱskinȱthatȱdetectȱaȱstimulus. B) sweatȱglandsȱthatȱincreaseȱsecretion. C) regulatoryȱcentersȱthatȱsendȱcommandsȱtoȱanȱeffector. D) effectorsȱthatȱcauseȱbloodȱvesselsȱtoȱdilate. E) sweatȱglandsȱthatȱactȱlikeȱeffectors. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

42) Theȱintegratingȱcenterȱforȱtheȱnegativeȱfeedbackȱloopȱthatȱregulatesȱbodyȱtemperatureȱisȱthe A) hypothalamus. B) skin. C) temperatureȱsensor. D) positiveȱfeedbackȱcenter. E) thermostat. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Aȱcellȱorȱorganȱthatȱrespondsȱtoȱcommandsȱofȱtheȱcontrolȱcenterȱinȱnegativeȱfeedbackȱisȱtermedȱa(n) A) receptor. B) thermoregulator. C) hypothalamus. D) effector. E) stimulus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Thisȱtypeȱofȱfeedbackȱexaggeratesȱtheȱeffectsȱofȱvariationsȱfromȱnormal. A) negative B) positive C) neutral D) depressing E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Organȱphysiologyȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱgrossȱanatomyȱisȱtoȱ________. A) cellȱphysiology;ȱmicroscopicȱanatomy B) macroscopicȱanatomy;ȱunbalance C) equilibrium;ȱmacroscopicȱanatomy D) balance;ȱequilibrium E) imbalance;ȱmicroscopicȱanatomy Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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46) Theȱquadrantsȱofȱtheȱabdominopelvicȱregionȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexcept A) rightȱupperȱquadrantȱ(RUQ). B) rightȱlowerȱquadrantȱ(RLQ). C) leftȱupperȱquadrantȱ(LUQ). D) leftȱlowerȱquadrantȱ(LLQ). E) pelvicȱquadrant. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱconsideredȱanȱabdominopelvicȱregion? A) rightȱhypochondriac B) rightȱinguinalȱregion C) leftȱlumbar D) leftȱhypochondriac E) upper Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Identifyȱaȱstructureȱlocatedȱwithinȱtheȱmediastinum. A) pericardialȱsac B) smallȱintestine C) lung D) spleen E) stomach Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Aȱpersonȱisȱlyingȱonȱtheȱbedȱgazingȱatȱtheȱceiling.ȱSheȱisȱinȱtheȱ________ȱposition. A) prone B) supine C) anatomical D) dorsal E) caudal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

50) Theȱrightȱpleuralȱcavityȱcontainsȱthe A) heart. B) trachea. C) leftȱlung. D) rightȱlung. E) bothȱlungs. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱisȱnotȱcontainedȱwithinȱtheȱabdominalȱcavity? A) stomach B) smallȱintestine C) ovary D) spleen E) pancreas Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Visceralȱpericardiumȱisȱlocated A) onȱtheȱheartȱitself. B) liningȱtheȱpleuralȱcavity. C) liningȱtheȱpericardialȱcavity. D) onȱtheȱlungȱitself. E) liningȱtheȱperitonealȱcavity. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

53) Theȱmediastinum A) containsȱtheȱpleuralȱcavities. B) separatesȱtheȱpleuralȱcavities. C) containsȱtheȱpericardialȱcavity. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) ________ȱisȱconsideredȱtheȱoldestȱmedicalȱscience. A) Anatomy B) Biology C) Physiology D) Cytology E) Embryology Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Identifyȱtheȱcorrectlyȱspelledȱtermȱdescribingȱtheȱorganȱthatȱseparatesȱtheȱventralȱbodyȱcavityȱintoȱsuperiorȱand inferiorȱcavities. A) mediastinum B) mediastienum C) diaphragm D) diafragm E) diaphram Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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56) Termsȱofȱanatomicalȱdirectionȱareȱusedȱtoȱdescribe A) oneȱbodyȱpartȱinȱrelationȱtoȱanother. B) surgicalȱprocedures. C) aȱsupineȱposition. D) theȱnervousȱsystem. E) livingȱmatter. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

57) Theȱtwoȱmajorȱdivisionsȱofȱtheȱventralȱbodyȱcavityȱareȱthe A) pelvicȱandȱthoracic. B) cranialȱandȱsacral. C) lateralȱandȱmedial. D) thoracicȱandȱabdominopelvic. E) dorsalȱandȱventral. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱurinaryȱbladderȱisȱfoundȱinȱtheȱ________ȱquadrantȱandȱtheȱ________ȱquadrant. A) rightȱupper;ȱrightȱlower B) leftȱupper;ȱleftȱlower C) rightȱupper;ȱrightȱlower D) leftȱupper;ȱrightȱupper E) rightȱlower;ȱleftȱlower Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱliverȱisȱprimarilyȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱquadrant. A) rightȱupper B) leftȱupper C) rightȱlower D) leftȱlower E) hepatic Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Whileȱstandingȱerect,ȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱcaudalȱis A) upward. B) downward. C) laterally. D) medially. E) noneȱofȱthese. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Whileȱstandingȱinȱtheȱanatomicalȱposition, A) frontȱrefersȱtoȱanterior. B) frontȱrefersȱtoȱventral. C) backȱrefersȱtoȱposterior. D) backȱrefersȱtoȱdorsal. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

62) Aȱchemicalȱimbalanceȱinȱtheȱbloodȱcanȱcauseȱtheȱheartȱtoȱstopȱpumpingȱblood,ȱwhichȱinȱturnȱwillȱcauseȱother tissuesȱandȱorgansȱtoȱceaseȱfunctioning.ȱThisȱobservationȱsupportsȱtheȱviewȱthat A) allȱorganismsȱareȱcomposedȱofȱcells. B) allȱlevelsȱofȱorganizationȱwithinȱanȱorganismȱareȱinterdependent. C) chemicalȱmoleculesȱmakeȱupȱcells. D) bloodȱhasȱmagicalȱproperties. E) congenitalȱdefectsȱcanȱbeȱlife-threatening. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱbranchȱofȱbiologicalȱscienceȱthatȱstudiesȱtheȱexternalȱandȱinternalȱstructureȱofȱtheȱbodyȱandȱtheȱphysical relationshipȱamongȱbodyȱpartsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: anatomy Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱbranchȱofȱbiologicalȱscienceȱthatȱdealsȱwithȱtheȱstudyȱofȱhowȱlivingȱorganismsȱperformȱtheirȱvitalȱfunctions isȱcalledȱ________. Answer: physiology Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱtendencyȱforȱphysiologicalȱsystemsȱtoȱstabilizeȱinternalȱconditionsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: homeostasis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Homeostaticȱregulationȱusuallyȱinvolvesȱa(n)ȱ________ȱthatȱdetectsȱaȱparticularȱstimulus,ȱandȱa(n)ȱ________ thatȱrespondsȱtoȱtheȱstimulusȱbyȱcommunicatingȱwithȱa(n)ȱ________ȱwhoseȱactivityȱhasȱanȱeffectȱonȱtheȱsame stimulus. Answer: receptor;ȱintegratingȱcenter;ȱeffector Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) ________ȱregulationȱoccursȱwhenȱtheȱactivitiesȱofȱorgansȱareȱregulatedȱlocally. Answer: Intrinsic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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6) ________ȱregulationȱresultsȱfromȱtheȱactivitiesȱofȱtheȱnervousȱorȱendocrineȱsystem. Answer: Extrinsic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Anatomyȱusesȱaȱspecialȱlanguage,ȱcalledȱ________,ȱthatȱinvolvesȱtheȱuseȱofȱwordȱroots,ȱprefixes,ȱsuffixes,ȱand combiningȱformsȱtoȱconstructȱtermsȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱbodyȱinȱhealthȱandȱdisease. Answer: medicalȱterminology Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Whenȱhomeostaticȱmechanismsȱfail,ȱanȱindividualȱwillȱexperienceȱtheȱsymptomsȱofȱ________. Answer: disease Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Aȱpersonȱlyingȱfaceȱdownȱisȱinȱtheȱ________ȱposition. Answer: prone Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱ________ȱservesȱasȱaȱworldwideȱofficialȱstandardȱofȱanatomicalȱvocabulary. Answer: TerminologiaȱAnatomica Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Aȱcutȱparallelȱtoȱtheȱmidsagittalȱplaneȱwouldȱproduceȱa(n)ȱ________ȱsection. Answer: parasagittal Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) ________ȱstudiesȱtheȱchangesȱinȱformȱthatȱoccurȱbetweenȱconceptionȱandȱphysicalȱmaturity. Answer: Developmentalȱanatomy Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱcommonȱtermȱforȱtheȱbuccalȱregionȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: cheek Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱcommonȱtermȱforȱtheȱcarpalȱregionȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: wrist Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱcommonȱnameȱforȱtheȱpollexȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: thumb Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱcommonȱnameȱforȱtheȱpatellaȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: kneecap Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Nameȱtheȱorgansȱfoundȱinȱtheȱthoracicȱcavity. Answer: lungs,ȱheart,ȱtrachea,ȱesophagus,ȱthymus,ȱmajorȱbloodȱvesselsȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱheart Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Nameȱtheȱtwoȱupperȱabdominalȱquadrantsȱandȱlistȱtheȱorgansȱthatȱlieȱinȱeach. Answer: rightȱupperȱquadrantȱ(RUQ):ȱrightȱlobeȱofȱliver,ȱgallbladder,ȱrightȱkidney,ȱportionsȱofȱstomach,ȱlargeȱand smallȱintestines;ȱleftȱupperȱquadrantȱ(LUQ):ȱleftȱlobeȱofȱliver,ȱstomach,ȱpancreas,ȱleftȱkidney,ȱspleen, portionsȱofȱlargeȱintestine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Whatȱisȱhomeostaticȱregulation,ȱandȱwhatȱisȱitsȱphysiologicalȱimportance? Answer: Homeostaticȱregulationȱrefersȱtoȱadjustmentsȱinȱphysiologicalȱsystemsȱthatȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱthe preservationȱofȱaȱconstantȱinternalȱenvironment.ȱThisȱprovidesȱaȱfavorableȱenvironmentȱforȱtheȱbodyȇs cells. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Duringȱexercise,ȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱskeletalȱmusclesȱincreases.ȱTheȱinitialȱresponseȱthatȱincreasesȱbloodȱflowȱis automaticȱandȱindependentȱofȱtheȱnervousȱandȱendocrineȱsystems.ȱWhichȱtypeȱofȱhomeostaticȱregulationȱis this?ȱWhy? Answer: Theȱinitialȱincreaseȱinȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱactiveȱmusclesȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱautoregulation.ȱForȱexample,ȱwhen oxygenȱlevelsȱdeclineȱinȱaȱtissue,ȱtheȱcellsȱreleaseȱchemicalsȱthatȱdilateȱlocalȱbloodȱvessels.ȱThisȱdilation increasesȱtheȱrateȱofȱbloodȱflowȱandȱprovidesȱmoreȱoxygenȱtoȱtheȱregionȱevenȱbeforeȱresponsesȱfromȱthe nervousȱorȱendocrineȱsystemȱtakeȱplace.ȱAutoregulationȱdoesȱnotȱrequireȱtheȱnervousȱorȱendocrine system. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ2 TheȱChemicalȱLevelȱofȱOrganization MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱsmallestȱstableȱunitsȱofȱmatterȱare A) atoms. B) molecules. C) protons. D) neutrons. E) electrons. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) TheȱȈatomicȱnumberȈȱofȱanȱatomȱisȱdeterminedȱbyȱtheȱnumberȱofȱ________ȱitȱhas. A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) protonsȱ+ȱneutrons E) protonsȱ+ȱelectrons Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Isotopesȱofȱanȱelementȱdifferȱinȱtheȱnumberȱof A) protonsȱinȱtheȱnucleus. B) electronsȱinȱtheȱnucleus. C) neutronsȱinȱtheȱnucleus. D) electronȱclouds. E) electronsȱinȱenergyȱshells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱmassȱnumberȱrepresentsȱtheȱnumberȱof A) protonsȱinȱanȱatom. B) electronsȱinȱanȱion. C) neutronsȱinȱanȱatom. D) protonsȱ+ȱneutrons. E) neutronsȱ+ȱelectrons. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱinnermostȱelectronȱshellȱinȱanȱatomȱholdsȱupȱtoȱȱ________ȱelectrons. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) TheȱȈatomicȱweightȈȱofȱanȱatomȱreflectsȱtheȱaverageȱnumberȱof A) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) protonsȱ+ȱneutrons. E) protonsȱ+ȱneutronsȱ+ȱelectrons. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Radioisotopesȱhaveȱunstable A) ions. B) nuclei. C) isotopes. D) electronȱclouds. E) protons. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱchemicalȱbehaviorȱofȱanȱatomȱisȱdeterminedȱby A) theȱnumberȱofȱprotons. B) theȱnumberȱofȱneutrons. C) theȱoutermostȱelectronȱshell. D) theȱsizeȱofȱtheȱatom. E) theȱmassȱofȱtheȱnucleus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Ionsȱwithȱaȱ+ȱchargeȱareȱcalled A) cations. B) anions. C) radicals. D) positrons. E) isotopes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱweakestȱbondȱbetweenȱtwoȱatomsȱisȱtheȱ________ȱbond. A) ionic B) covalent C) polar D) nonpolar E) hydrogen Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Ionicȱbondsȱareȱformedȱwhen A) atomsȱshareȱelectrons. B) electronsȱareȱcompletelyȱtransferredȱfromȱoneȱatomȱtoȱanother. C) aȱpairȱofȱelectronsȱisȱsharedȱunequallyȱbyȱtwoȱatoms. D) hydrogenȱformsȱbondsȱwithȱnegativelyȱchargedȱatoms. E) twoȱorȱmoreȱatomsȱloseȱelectronsȱatȱtheȱsameȱtime. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

12) Inȱaȱmoleculeȱofȱnitrogen,ȱthreeȱpairsȱofȱelectronsȱareȱsharedȱbyȱtwoȱnitrogenȱatoms.ȱTheȱtypeȱofȱbondȱthatȱis formedȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) singleȱtrivalentȱbond. B) doubleȱdivalentȱbond. C) tripleȱcovalentȱbond. D) polarȱcovalentȱbond. E) hydrogenȱbond.ȱȱ Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Ifȱaȱpairȱofȱelectronsȱisȱunequallyȱsharedȱbetweenȱtwoȱatoms,ȱa(n)ȱ________ȱoccurs. A) singleȱcovalentȱbond B) doubleȱcovalentȱbond C) tripleȱcovalentȱbond D) polarȱcovalentȱbond E) hydrogenȱbond Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Elementsȱthatȱhaveȱatomsȱwithȱfullȱouterȱshellsȱofȱelectrons A) willȱformȱmanyȱcompounds. B) willȱnormallyȱformȱanions. C) willȱnormallyȱformȱcations. D) frequentlyȱformȱhydrogenȱbonds. E) areȱinertȱgases. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Whichȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱnot correctȱaboutȱtheȱreactionȱH2 + Cl2 ȱ2ȱHCl? A) H2 ȱandȱCl 2 ȱareȱtheȱreactants. B) HClȱisȱtheȱproduct. C) Oneȱmoleculeȱofȱhydrogenȱcontainsȱtwoȱatoms. D) TwoȱmoleculesȱofȱHClȱareȱformedȱinȱtheȱreaction. E) Thisȱreactionȱisȱeasilyȱreversible. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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16) ABȱ ȱAȱ+ȱBȱisȱtoȱdecompositionȱasȱAȱ+ Bȱ ABȱisȱto A) exchange. B) synthesis. C) combustion. D) replacement. E) metabolism. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) TheȱreactionȱN 2 ȱ+ȱ3ȱH2 ȱ ȱ2ȱNH3ȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) exchangeȱreaction. B) decompositionȱreaction. C) synthesisȱreaction. D) enzymeȱreaction. E) metabolicȱreaction. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) TheȱreactionȱAȱ+ȱBȱ+ȱenergyȱ ȱABȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) exergonicȱreaction. B) endergonicȱreaction. C) equilibriumȱreaction. D) decompositionȱreaction. E) exchangeȱreaction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Chemicalȱreactionsȱthatȱyieldȱenergy,ȱsuchȱasȱheat,ȱareȱsaidȱtoȱbe A) endergonic. B) activated. C) exergonic. D) neutral. E) thermonuclear. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱconcerningȱenzymes,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) areȱproteins. B) functionȱasȱbiologicalȱcatalysts. C) lowerȱtheȱactivationȱenergyȱrequiredȱforȱaȱreaction. D) affectȱonlyȱtheȱrateȱofȱaȱchemicalȱreaction. E) areȱconsumedȱduringȱtheȱreaction. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Substrateȱmoleculesȱbindȱtoȱenzymesȱatȱtheȱ________ȱsites. A) amino B) active C) carboxyl D) reactant E) neutral Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Compoundsȱthatȱcanȱbeȱsynthesizedȱorȱbrokenȱdownȱbyȱchemicalȱreactionsȱinsideȱtheȱbodyȱareȱcalled A) inorganicȱcompounds. B) organicȱcompounds. C) nutrients. D) metabolites. E) enzymes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱanȱinorganicȱcompound,ȱ except A) water. B) acids. C) bases. D) salts. E) rocks. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱwaterȱisȱnot correct? A) isȱcomposedȱofȱpolarȱmolecules B) isȱresponsibleȱforȱmuchȱofȱtheȱmassȱofȱtheȱhumanȱbody C) hasȱaȱrelativelyȱlowȱheatȱcapacity D) canȱdissolveȱmanyȱsubstances E) containsȱhydrogenȱbonds Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Duringȱionization,ȱwaterȱmoleculesȱdisruptȱtheȱionicȱbondsȱofȱaȱsaltȱtoȱproduceȱaȱmixtureȱofȱions.ȱTheseȱions canȱcarryȱaȱcurrentȱandȱsoȱareȱcalled A) cations. B) anions. C) acids. D) electrolytes. E) counterions. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Oppositelyȱchargedȱionsȱinȱsolutionȱareȱpreventedȱfromȱcombiningȱby A) heatȱcapacityȱofȱwater. B) hydrationȱspheres. C) waterȇsȱnonpolarȱnature. D) freeȱradicals. E) hydrogenȱbonding. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Aȱsolutionȱcontainingȱequalȱnumbersȱofȱhydrogenȱionsȱandȱhydroxideȱionsȱis A) acidic. B) basic. C) neutral. D) alkaline. E) inȱequilibrium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsubstancesȱwouldȱbeȱmostȱacidic? A) lemonȱjuice,ȱpHȱ=ȱ2 B) urine,ȱpHȱ=ȱ6 C) tomatoȱjuice,ȱpHȱ=ȱ4 D) whiteȱwine,ȱpHȱ=ȱ3 E) stomachȱsecretions,ȱpHȱ=ȱ1 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) IfȱaȱsubstanceȱhasȱaȱpHȱthatȱisȱgreaterȱthanȱ7,ȱitȱis A) neutral. B) acidic. C) alkaline. D) aȱbuffer. E) aȱsalt. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Anȱimportantȱbufferȱinȱbodyȱfluidsȱis A) NaCl. B) NaOH. C) HCl. D) NaHCO 3 . E) H2 O. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Inȱtheȱbody,ȱinorganicȱcompounds A) canȱserveȱasȱbuffers. B) canȱmakeȱupȱproteins. C) mayȱbeȱheldȱtogetherȱbyȱionicȱbonds. D) areȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱcells. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Inȱchemicalȱnotation,ȱtheȱsymbolȱCa 2+ ȱmeansȱ________ȱ. A) twoȱcalciumȱatoms B) aȱcalciumȱionȱthatȱhasȱlostȱtwoȱelectrons C) aȱcalciumȱionȱthatȱhasȱgainedȱtwoȱprotons D) aȱcalciumȱionȱthatȱhasȱgainedȱtwoȱelectrons E) aȱcalciumȱionȱthatȱhasȱlostȱtwoȱprotons Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Carbohydrateȱmolecules A) areȱtheȱbuildingȱblocksȱofȱcellularȱmembranes. B) formȱtheȱregulatoryȱmoleculesȱknownȱasȱenzymes. C) areȱtheȱbodyȇsȱmostȱreadilyȱavailableȱsourceȱofȱenergy. D) areȱcomposedȱofȱC,ȱH,ȱO,ȱandȱNȱatoms. E) containȱtheȱgeneticȱinformationȱfoundȱinȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱmostȱimportantȱmetabolicȱfuelȱmoleculeȱinȱtheȱbodyȱis A) sucrose. B) caffeine. C) protein. D) vitamins. E) glucose. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Moleculesȱthatȱhaveȱtheȱsameȱmolecularȱformulaȱbutȱdifferentȱstructuralȱformulasȱareȱcalled A) isotopes. B) isomers. C) isozymes. D) isotypes. E) isomoles. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Aȱpolysaccharideȱthatȱisȱformedȱinȱliverȱandȱmuscleȱcellsȱtoȱstoreȱglucoseȱis A) lactose. B) cellulose. C) glycogen. D) sucrose. E) fructose. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱgroupȱofȱorganicȱcompoundsȱcontainingȱcarbon,ȱhydrogen,ȱandȱoxygenȱinȱaȱnearȱ1:2:1ȱratioȱisȱdefinedȱasȱa A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) protein. D) nucleicȱacid. E) eitherȱAȱorȱB Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Lipids A) formȱessentialȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱcells. B) provideȱroughlyȱtwiceȱtheȱenergyȱasȱcarbohydrates. C) helpȱtoȱmaintainȱbodyȱtemperature. D) cushionȱorgansȱagainstȱshocks. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Aȱfattyȱacidȱthatȱcontainsȱtwoȱorȱmoreȱdoubleȱcovalentȱbondsȱisȱsaidȱtoȱbe A) saturated. B) monounsaturated. C) polyunsaturated. D) hydrogenated. E) carboxylated. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Mostȱofȱtheȱfatȱfoundȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱisȱinȱtheȱformȱof A) cholesterol. B) phospholipids. C) triglycerides. D) prostaglandins. E) monoglycerides. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Lipidsȱthatȱareȱproducedȱbyȱnearlyȱeveryȱtissueȱinȱtheȱbodyȱandȱthatȱactȱasȱlocalȱregulatorsȱofȱmetabolismȱare the A) prostaglandins. B) steroids. C) monoglycerides. D) phospholipids. E) glycolipids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Cholesterol,ȱphospholipids,ȱandȱglycolipidsȱareȱexamplesȱof A) dietaryȱfats. B) prostaglandins. C) structuralȱlipids. D) lipidȱdrugs. E) steroids. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Youȱwouldȱexpectȱaȱpeptideȱbondȱtoȱlink A) twoȱsimpleȱsugars. B) twoȱaminoȱacids. C) twoȱnucleotides. D) aȱsugarȱandȱaȱpeptide. E) aȱpeptideȱandȱaȱfattyȱacid. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Eachȱaminoȱacidȱdiffersȱfromȱanotherȱinȱthe A) numberȱofȱcentralȱcarbonȱatoms. B) sizeȱofȱtheȱaminoȱgroup. C) numberȱofȱcarboxylȱgroups. D) natureȱofȱtheȱsideȱchain. E) numberȱofȱpeptideȱbondsȱinȱtheȱmolecule. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱalpha-helixȱandȱpleatedȱsheetȱareȱexamplesȱofȱȱ________ȱproteinȱstructure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) pentanary Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Interactionȱbetweenȱindividualȱpolypeptideȱchainsȱtoȱformȱaȱproteinȱcomplexȱisȱ________ȱstructure. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) pentagonal Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Glycoproteinsȱandȱproteoglycansȱareȱcombinationsȱofȱaminoȱacidsȱand A) carbohydrates. B) fattyȱacids. C) lipids. D) nucleicȱacids. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Moleculesȱthatȱstoreȱandȱprocessȱgeneticȱinformationȱareȱthe A) proteins. B) nucleicȱacids. C) carbohydrates. D) lipids. E) steroids. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Anȱaminoȱacidȱisȱtoȱaȱproteinȱasȱȱ________ȱisȱtoȱaȱnucleicȱacid. A) aȱpurine B) aȱnucleotide C) aȱprotein D) aȱproton E) aȱneutron Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

50) Aȱnucleotideȱconsistsȱof A) aȱfive-carbonȱsugarȱandȱphosphateȱgroup. B) aȱfive-carbonȱsugarȱandȱaȱnitrogenousȱbase. C) aȱphosphateȱgroupȱandȱaȱnitrogenousȱbase. D) aȱfive-carbonȱsugar,ȱaȱnitrogenousȱbase,ȱandȱaȱphosphateȱgroup. E) aȱfive-carbonȱsugarȱandȱanȱaminoȱacid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Accordingȱtoȱtheȱrulesȱofȱcomplementaryȱbaseȱpairingȱinȱnucleicȱacids,ȱcytosineȱwouldȱpairȱwithȱtheȱbase A) thymine. B) adenine. C) uracil. D) cytosine. E) guanine. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱmostȱabundantȱhigh-energyȱcompoundȱinȱcellsȱis A) DNA. B) adenosineȱdiphosphate. C) adenosineȱmonophosphate. D) adenosineȱtriphosphate. E) RNA. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Aȱhigh-energyȱbondȱinȱATPȱisȱpresent A) betweenȱadenineȱandȱribose. B) betweenȱadenineȱandȱaȱphosphateȱgroup. C) betweenȱtheȱfirstȱandȱsecondȱphosphateȱgroup. D) betweenȱtheȱsecondȱandȱthirdȱphosphateȱgroup. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Whenȱatomsȱcompleteȱtheirȱouterȱelectronȱshellȱbyȱsharingȱelectrons,ȱtheyȱform A) ionicȱbonds. B) covalentȱbonds. C) hydrogenȱbonds. D) anions. E) cations. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Hydrophilicȱmoleculesȱreadilyȱassociateȱwith A) lipidȱmolecules. B) hydrophobicȱmolecules. C) waterȱmolecules. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Carbohydrates,ȱlipids,ȱandȱproteinsȱareȱclassifiedȱas A) organicȱmolecules. B) inorganicȱmolecules. C) acids. D) salts. E) bases. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Ifȱanȱisotopeȱofȱoxygenȱhasȱ8ȱprotons,ȱ10ȱneutrons,ȱandȱ8ȱelectrons,ȱitsȱmassȱnumberȱis A) 26. B) 16. C) 18. D) 8. E) 12. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Ofȱtheȱfollowingȱchoices,ȱtheȱpHȱofȱtheȱleastȱacidicȱsolutionȱis A) 6.0. B) 4.5. C) 2.3. D) 1.0. E) 12.0. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱsymbolȱforȱanȱaminoȱgroup? A) –COOH B) –PO3 C) –NH2 D) –AMO E) –OH Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Whichȱelementȱcommonlyȱhasȱonlyȱaȱprotonȱasȱitsȱnucleus? A) helium B) neon C) argon D) hydrogen E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Identifyȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱbothȱanȱanionȱandȱaȱcompound: A) Na+ȱ B) Cl-ȱ C) K+ȱ D) HCO3 E) NaCl Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

62) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcation? A) Na+ȱ B) Cl-ȱ C) K+ȱ D) Ca2+ E) Mg 2+ Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Aȱdustȱparticleȱfloatingȱonȱaȱwaterȱsurfaceȱillustrates A) surfaceȱtension. B) chemicalȱtension. C) staticȱelectricity. D) heatȱcapacity. E) hydrophilicȱattraction. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Anȱexampleȱofȱanȱorganicȱsubstanceȱis A) sucrose. B) carbonicȱacid. C) sodiumȱchloride. D) oxygen. E) nitricȱoxide. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) Anȱexampleȱofȱanȱinorganicȱsubstanceȱis A) fructose. B) water. C) glycerol. D) carbonȱdioxide. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Inȱhydrolysisȱreactions,ȱcompoundsȱreactȱwith A) hydrogen,ȱcausingȱdecomposition. B) glucose,ȱcausingȱdecomposition. C) water,ȱcausingȱdecomposition. D) carbon,ȱcausingȱdecomposition. E) water,ȱcausingȱsynthesis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Inȱdehydrationȱreactions,ȱcompounds A) loseȱwaterȱmolecules. B) gainȱwaterȱmolecules. C) convertȱwaterȱmoleculesȱtoȱhydrogenȱandȱoxygen. D) convertȱhydrogenȱandȱoxygenȱtoȱwater. E) gainȱelectrons. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Whichȱpropertyȱofȱwaterȱhelpsȱkeepȱbodyȱtemperatureȱstabilized? A) kineticȱenergy B) lubrication C) surfaceȱtension D) reactivity E) thermalȱinertia Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱmassȱofȱanȱatomȱisȱlargelyȱdeterminedȱbyȱtheȱnumberȱofȱ________ȱitȱhas. A) electrons B) protons C) neutrons D) protonsȱ+ȱneutrons E) protonsȱ+ȱelectrons Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Inȱanȱaqueousȱsolution,ȱcationsȱareȱattractedȱtoward A) water. B) salt. C) buffers. D) anions. E) hydrogenȱions. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) Inȱanȱaqueousȱsolution,ȱsodiumȱionsȱwouldȱmoveȱtoward A) aȱnegativeȱterminal. B) aȱpositiveȱterminal. C) aȱpHȱterminal. D) anȱorganicȱterminal. E) theȱbottom. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Theȱchemicalȱnotationȱthatȱindicatesȱconcentrationȱisȱrepresentedȱas A) (). B) <>. C) [ȱ]. D) {}. E) ||. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Whichȱhasȱtheȱgreaterȱconcentrationȱofȱhydrogenȱions,ȱaȱsubstanceȱwithȱaȱpHȱofȱ5ȱorȱaȱsubstanceȱwithȱaȱpHȱof 4? A) AȱpHȱofȱ4ȱisȱgreater. B) AȱpHȱofȱ5ȱisȱgreater. C) Theyȱareȱbothȱequal;ȱ4ȱandȱ5ȱareȱrelativeȱvalues. D) pHȱ9,ȱifȱyouȱmixedȱtheȱsolutionsȱ. E) Notȱenoughȱinformationȱtoȱsay. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Ofȱtheȱlistȱbelow,ȱwhichȱhasȱtheȱhighestȱconcentrationȱofȱhydroxideȱions? A) pHȱ1 B) pHȱ14 C) pHȱ7 D) pHȱ10 E) pHȱ2 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) WhichȱpHȱisȱclosestȱtoȱnormalȱbodyȱpH? A) pHȱ7 B) pHȱ8 C) pHȱ4 D) pHȱ3 E) pHȱ2 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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76) Aȱfunctionalȱgroupȱisȱbestȱdescribedȱasȱreoccurringȱclustersȱof A) elementsȱthatȱoccurȱinȱaȱsalt. B) atomsȱthatȱgreatlyȱinfluenceȱtheȱchemicalȱpropertiesȱofȱmoleculesȱtheyȱareȱpartȱof. C) atomsȱthatȱfunctionȱinȱtheȱbody. D) elementsȱthatȱformȱatȱhighȱpH. E) aminoȱacidsȱinȱaȱglobularȱprotein. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Aȱsideȱchainȱonȱanȱaminoȱacidȱisȱsometimesȱcalledȱ________. A) fibrousȱorȱglobular. B) aȱpolypeptideȱchain. C) anȱRȱgroup. D) anȱisozyme. E) nucleicȱacid. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱis/areȱneededȱtoȱformȱaȱtriglycerideȱmolecule? A) 3ȱglycerolȱmolecules B) 1ȱglycerolȱmolecule C) 3ȱfattyȱacidȱmolecules D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Theȱtermȱ________ȱmeansȱeachȱenzymeȱcatalyzesȱonlyȱoneȱtypeȱofȱreaction. A) saturation B) specificity C) inertia D) activation E) monoreactive Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Theȱmaximumȱrateȱofȱanȱenzymeȱreactionȱoccursȱat A) dehydration. B) hydrolysis. C) synthesis. D) reversible. E) saturationȱlimit. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Theȱaverageȱtimeȱbetweenȱsynthesisȱandȱbreakdownȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________ȱtime. A) metabolism B) anabolism C) catabolism D) specificity E) turnover Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Continuousȱbreakdownȱandȱreplacementȱofȱcellularȱmoleculesȱisȱtermed A) metabolism. B) metabolicȱturnover. C) anabolicȱturnover. D) catabolicȱturnover. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) IdentifyȱtheȱproductȱformedȱfromȱtheȱphosphorylationȱofȱADP. A) adenosineȱdiphosphate B) adenine C) adenosineȱtriphosphate D) deoxyribonucleicȱacid E) ribose Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) AMPȱ+ȱPȱ A) ADP B) 2ADP C) DNA D) ATP E) adenine Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Theȱphosphorylationȱofȱadenosineȱforms A) ADP. B) ATP. C) AMP. D) 2ATP. E) ribose. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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86) Adenineȱandȱguanineȱare A) purinesȱrepresentedȱbyȱTȱandȱC. B) pyrimidinesȱrepresentedȱbyȱAȱandȱG. C) purinesȱrepresentedȱbyȱAȱandȱG. D) pyrimidinesȱrepresentedȱbyȱTȱandȱC. E) nucleotidesȱrepresentedȱbyȱAȱandȱG. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Oxygenȱisȱrequiredȱinȱbiologicalȱsystemsȱfor A) cellularȱmetabolism. B) storageȱofȱenergy. C) servingȱasȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱbone. D) servingȱasȱcatalysts. E) chemicalȱmessengers. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Muscleȱproteinsȱareȱdestroyedȱafterȱ17ȱdaysȱandȱthenȱreplaced.ȱThisȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) metabolicȱturnover. B) surveillance. C) surfaceȱtension. D) disease. E) specificity. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Byȱweight,ȱwhichȱelementȱisȱtheȱmostȱplentifulȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbody? A) sulfur B) sodium C) oxygen D) potassium E) carbon Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

90) Byȱweight,ȱwhichȱelementȱisȱtheȱsecondȱmostȱabundantȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbody? A) oxygen B) carbon C) hydrogen D) nitrogen E) calcium Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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91) Indicateȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱlistsȱcontainsȱonlyȱtraceȱelements. A) sulfur,ȱchlorine,ȱoxygen B) selenium,ȱhydrogen,ȱcalcium C) boron,ȱoxygen,ȱcarbon D) silicon,ȱfluorine,ȱtin E) cobalt,ȱcalcium,ȱsodium Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) TheȱmoleculeȱNOȱisȱknownȱas A) nitricȱoxide. B) noxiousȱoxide. C) noxiousȱoxygen. D) nitricȱoxygen. E) nitrousȱoxide. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) TheȱmoleculeȱCO2 ȱisȱknownȱas A) carbonizedȱoxygen. B) carbonatedȱoxygen. C) carbonȱmonoxide. D) carbonȱoxide. E) carbonȱdioxide. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) TheȱmoleculeȱH 2 ȱisȱknownȱas A) hydrohydrogen. B) hydrogen. C) hydroxide. D) helium. E) semi-water. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) TheȱmoleculeȱO2 ȱisȱknownȱas A) oxide. B) oxygen. C) organic. D) BȱorȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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96) Theȱnucleusȱofȱanȱatomȱconsistsȱof A) electrons. B) protons. C) neutrons. D) protonsȱ+ȱneutrons. E) protonsȱ+ȱelectrons. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) H2 Oȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) ionicȱformula. B) glucoseȱmolecule. C) molecularȱformula. D) waterȱmolecule. E) covalentȱformula. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

98) A(n)ȱ________ȱremovesȱhydrogenȱionsȱandȱa(n)ȱ________ȱreleasesȱhydrogenȱions. A) acid;ȱbase B) base;ȱacid C) compound;ȱelement D) element;ȱcompound E) molecule;ȱacid Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Aȱnanometerȱis A) 10-6 ȱmeter. B) 10-8 ȱmeter. C) 10-9 ȱmeter. D) 10-10ȱmeter. E) 10-12ȱmeter. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Anȱexcessȱofȱhydrogenȱionsȱinȱtheȱbodyȱfluidsȱcanȱhaveȱfatalȱresultsȱbecauseȱthisȱcan A) blockȱionȱmovements. B) changeȱtheȱshapeȱofȱlargeȱcomplexȱmolecules,ȱrenderingȱthemȱnonfunctional. C) disruptȱtissueȱfunctions. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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101) Artificialȱsweeteners A) areȱnaturallyȱsimilarȱtoȱsugars. B) areȱalwaysȱsomeȱformȱofȱcarbohydrate. C) areȱgenerallyȱmanyȱtimesȱsweeterȱthanȱsucrose. D) areȱinorganicȱsugarȱsubstitutes. E) provideȱtheȱsameȱnumberȱofȱcaloriesȱasȱanȱequivalentȱamountȱofȱsucrose. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) AlaskaȱNativesȱhaveȱaȱlowerȱincidenceȱofȱheartȱdiseaseȱevenȱthoughȱtheirȱdietsȱareȱhighȱinȱfatȱandȱcholesterol. Thisȱmayȱbeȱdueȱtoȱtheȱlargeȱamountȱofȱ________ȱinȱtheirȱdiets. A) vitamins B) triglycerides C) prostaglandins D) omega-3ȱfattyȱacids E) oleicȱacid Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Ifȱanȱelementȱisȱcomposedȱofȱatomsȱwithȱanȱatomicȱnumberȱofȱ6ȱandȱaȱmassȱnumberȱofȱ14,ȱthenȱaȱneutralȱatom ofȱthisȱelementȱcontains A) 6ȱprotons. B) 8ȱelectrons. C) 8ȱneutrons. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Oneȱmoleȱofȱanyȱelement A) hasȱtheȱsameȱmass. B) hasȱtheȱsameȱweight. C) hasȱtheȱsameȱnumberȱofȱatoms. D) hasȱtheȱsameȱnumberȱofȱelectrons. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Whenȱelectronsȱareȱtransferredȱfromȱoneȱatomȱtoȱanother,ȱandȱtheȱtwoȱatomsȱuniteȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱtheȱopposite charges, A) anȱionȱisȱformed. B) aȱmoleculeȱisȱformed. C) aȱhydrogenȱbondȱisȱformed. D) anȱionicȱbondȱisȱformed. E) aȱcovalentȱbondȱisȱformed. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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106) Magnesiumȱatomsȱhaveȱtwoȱelectronsȱinȱtheȱoutermostȱshell.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱmagnesiumȱtoȱform ionsȱwithȱaȱchargeȱof A) +1. B) +2. C) -1. D) -2. E) eitherȱ+2ȱorȱ-2 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Magnesiumȱatomsȱhaveȱtwoȱelectronsȱinȱtheȱoutermostȱshellȱandȱchlorineȱatomsȱhaveȱseven.ȱTheȱcompound magnesiumȱchlorideȱwouldȱcontain A) 1ȱmagnesiumȱandȱ1ȱchlorine. B) 1ȱmagnesiumȱandȱ2ȱchlorine. C) 2ȱmagnesiumȱandȱ1ȱchlorine. D) 2ȱmagnesiumȱandȱ7ȱchlorine. E) impossibleȱtoȱtellȱwithoutȱmoreȱinformation Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱhydrogenȱbondsȱisȱfalse? A) Hydrogenȱbondsȱareȱstrongȱattractiveȱforcesȱbetweenȱhydrogenȱatomsȱandȱnegativelyȱchargedȱatoms. B) Hydrogenȱbondsȱcanȱoccurȱwithinȱaȱsingleȱmolecule. C) Hydrogenȱbondsȱcanȱformȱbetweenȱneighboringȱmolecules. D) Hydrogenȱbondsȱareȱimportantȱforȱholdingȱlargeȱmoleculesȱtogether. E) Hydrogenȱbondsȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱmanyȱofȱtheȱpropertiesȱofȱwater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Inȱtheȱreactionȱlistedȱbelow,ȱwhatȱcoefficientȱneedsȱtoȱbeȱaddedȱtoȱbalanceȱtheȱequation?ȱ6ȱCO 2 ȱ+ 6ȱH2 Oȱ C6 H12O6 ȱ+ȱ________ȱO2ȱ A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 10 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

110) Nonpolarȱorganicȱmoleculesȱareȱgoodȱexamplesȱof A) electrolytes. B) moleculesȱthatȱwillȱdissociateȱwhenȱplacedȱintoȱwater. C) hydrophobicȱcompounds. D) hydrophilicȱcompounds. E) solutes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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111) Whenȱplacedȱinȱwater,ȱanȱinorganicȱcompoundȱdissociatesȱ99ȱpercent,ȱformingȱhydrogenȱionsȱandȱanions.ȱThis compoundȱwouldȱbe A) aȱstrongȱbase. B) aȱweakȱbase. C) aȱstrongȱacid. D) aȱweakȱacid. E) aȱsalt. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) WhenȱaȱsmallȱamountȱofȱHClȱorȱNaOHȱisȱaddedȱtoȱaȱsolutionȱofȱNa 2 HPO4 ,ȱtheȱpHȱofȱtheȱsolutionȱbarely changes.ȱBasedȱonȱtheseȱobservations,ȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱconcerningȱtheȱcompoundȱNa 2 HPO4 ,ȱexcept A) Na2 HPO4ȱisȱableȱtoȱacceptȱextraȱhydrogenȱionsȱfromȱtheȱHCl. B) Na2 HPO4ȱisȱableȱtoȱdonateȱhydrogenȱionsȱtoȱtheȱOH - ȱfromȱNaOH. C) Na2 HPO4ȱadsorbsȱexcessȱH+ ȱandȱOH - ȱdirectlyȱontoȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱitsȱcrystallineȱstructure. D) Na2 HPO4ȱisȱaȱsaltȱformedȱfromȱreactingȱaȱstrongȱbaseȱwithȱaȱweakȱacid. E) Na2 HPO4ȱactsȱasȱaȱbuffer. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Fructose A) isȱaȱhexose. B) isȱanȱisomerȱofȱglucose. C) isȱfoundȱinȱmaleȱreproductiveȱfluids. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Whenȱtwoȱmonosaccharidesȱundergoȱaȱdehydrationȱsynthesis, A) twoȱnewȱmonosaccharidesȱareȱformed. B) aȱdisaccharideȱisȱformed. C) aȱpolysaccharideȱisȱformed. D) aȱstarchȱisȱformed. E) hydrolysisȱoccurs. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) Aȱshortageȱofȱcholesterolȱinȱtheȱbodyȱcouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱformationȱof A) sexȱhormones. B) proteins. C) plasmaȱmembranes. D) glycogen. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) Howȱwouldȱtheȱlackȱofȱaȱcofactorȱforȱanȱenzymeȱaffectȱthatȱenzymeȇsȱfunction? A) Theȱenzymeȇsȱfunctionȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱaltered. B) Theȱenzymeȱwouldȱfunctionȱmoreȱslowly. C) Theȱenzymeȱwouldȱfunctionȱmoreȱquickly. D) Theȱenzymeȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱfunction. E) Theȱenzymeȱwouldȱceaseȱtoȱfunctionȱafterȱreachingȱaȱmaximumȱrate. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) TheȱstructureȱofȱRNAȱdiffersȱfromȱDNAȱinȱthat A) theȱbackboneȱofȱRNAȱcontainsȱribose. B) RNAȱcontainsȱpyrimidinesȱbutȱnotȱpurines. C) RNAȱcontainsȱpurinesȱbutȱnotȱpyrimidines. D) DNAȱcontainsȱpyrimidinesȱbutȱnotȱpurines. E) DNAȱcontainsȱpurinesȱbutȱnotȱpyrimidines. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) Aȱhigh-energyȱbondȱinȱATPȱisȱpresent A) betweenȱadenineȱandȱribose. B) betweenȱadenineȱandȱphosphateȱgroup. C) betweenȱtheȱfirstȱandȱsecondȱphosphateȱgroup. D) betweenȱtheȱsecondȱandȱthirdȱphosphateȱgroup. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱpureȱsubstanceȱcomposedȱofȱatoms. Answer: element Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱcenterȱofȱanȱatomȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: nucleus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Electronsȱwhirlȱaroundȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱatomȱatȱhighȱspeed,ȱformingȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: electronȱcloud Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Electronsȱinȱanȱatomȱoccupyȱanȱorderlyȱseriesȱofȱelectronȱshellsȱorȱ________. Answer: energyȱlevels Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱactualȱmassȱofȱanȱatomȱisȱknownȱasȱitsȱ________ȱ________. Answer: atomicȱweight Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Ionsȱwithȱaȱpositiveȱchargeȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: cations Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Ionsȱwithȱaȱnegativeȱchargeȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: anions Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Atomsȱofȱtheȱsameȱelementȱwhoseȱnucleiȱcontainȱtheȱsameȱnumberȱofȱprotons,ȱbutȱdifferentȱnumbersȱof neutrons,ȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: isotopes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Chemicalȱreactionsȱthatȱreleaseȱenergyȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: exergonic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Chemicalȱreactionsȱthatȱabsorbȱenergyȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: endergonic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) ________ȱaccelerateȱchemicalȱreactionsȱthatȱoccurȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbody. Answer: Enzymes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Inȱlivingȱcells,ȱcomplexȱmetabolicȱreactionsȱproceedȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱstepsȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: pathway Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) ________ȱmoleculesȱareȱcompoundsȱthatȱcontainȱcarbonȱasȱtheȱprimaryȱstructuralȱatom. Answer: Organic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱcompoundsȱdoȱnotȱusuallyȱcontainȱcarbonȱasȱaȱprimaryȱstructuralȱatom. Answer: Inorganic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱhomogeneousȱmixtureȱcontainingȱaȱsolventȱandȱaȱsolute. Answer: solution Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) ________ȱareȱsolubleȱinorganicȱcompoundsȱwhoseȱsolutionsȱwillȱconductȱanȱelectricȱcurrent. Answer: Electrolytes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱthreeȱfamiliarȱstatesȱofȱmatterȱareȱsolids,ȱliquids,ȱandȱȱ________. Answer: gases Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Moleculesȱthatȱdoȱnotȱreadilyȱdissolveȱinȱwaterȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: hydrophobic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱ________ȱofȱaȱsolutionȱisȱtheȱnegativeȱlogarithmȱofȱtheȱhydrogenȱionȱconcentrationȱexpressedȱinȱmolesȱper liter. Answer: pH Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Kineticȱenergyȱisȱstoredȱasȱ________ȱenergyȱwhenȱaȱspringȱisȱstretched. Answer: potential Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Allȱfattyȱacidsȱcontainȱaȱfunctionalȱgroupȱatȱoneȱendȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: carboxylicȱacidȱgroup Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Inȱwater,ȱfattyȱacidsȱtendȱtoȱformȱtinyȱdropletsȱwithȱhydrophobicȱtailsȱburiedȱinsideȱcalledȱ________. Answer: micelles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) ________ȱareȱmoleculesȱwithȱtwoȱfattyȱacidȱchainsȱandȱaȱphosphateȱgroupȱthatȱformȱbiologicalȱmembranes. Answer: Phospholipids Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) TheȱmoleculeȱDNAȱcontainsȱaȱfive-carbonȱsugarȱcalledȱ________. Answer: deoxyribose Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Individualȱsteroidsȱdifferȱinȱtheȱ________ȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱcarbonȱrings. Answer: sideȱchains Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) TheȱpurinesȱfoundȱinȱDNAȱareȱ________ȱandȱ________. Answer: adenine;ȱguanine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) TheȱpyrimidineȱbasesȱfoundȱinȱDNAȱareȱ________ȱandȱ________. Answer: thymine;ȱcytosine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱcovalentȱbondȱthatȱstoresȱanȱunusuallyȱlargeȱamountȱofȱenergy. Answer: high-energyȱbond Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Inȱtheȱprocessȱofȱ________ȱaȱphosphateȱgroupȱisȱtransferredȱtoȱaȱmolecule. Answer: phosphorylation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) TheȱhydrolysisȱofȱATPȱyieldsȱADP,ȱphosphateȱion,ȱandȱ________. Answer: energy Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱ________ȱofȱaȱradioactiveȱsubstanceȱisȱtheȱtimeȱrequiredȱforȱaȱ50ȱpercentȱreductionȱinȱtheȱrateȱofȱradiation emission. Answer: half-life Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

32) Identifyȱtheȱthreeȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱaȱnucleotide. Answer: pentose;ȱphosphateȱgroup;ȱnitrogenousȱbase Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

EssayȱQuestions 1) Explainȱtheȱroleȱofȱwaterȱmoleculesȱinȱpolysaccharideȱformation. Answer: Waterȱmoleculesȱareȱremovedȱinȱtheȱdehydrationȱsynthesisȱofȱpolysaccharides. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) Whatȱroleȱdoȱbufferȱsystemsȱplayȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbody? Answer: BufferȱsystemsȱhelpȱmaintainȱpHȱwithinȱnormalȱlimitsȱbyȱremovingȱorȱreplacingȱhydrogenȱionsȱas needed. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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3) BloodȱhasȱaȱveryȱnarrowȱnormalȱpHȱrangeȱbutȱurineȱhasȱaȱveryȱbroadȱnormalȱpHȱrange.ȱWhatȱdoesȱthat indicateȱaboutȱtheȱphysiologyȱofȱpH? Answer: HomeostasisȱrequiresȱthatȱtheȱpHȱofȱbodyȱfluidsȱbeȱmaintainedȱalmostȱconstantȱtoȱavoidȱdisruptionsȱof healthyȱfunction.ȱToȱaccomplishȱthis,ȱtheȱurinaryȱsystemȱeliminatesȱorȱretainsȱhydrogenȱionȱasȱneeded. TheseȱactionsȱcauseȱtheȱpHȱofȱurineȱtoȱvaryȱwidely,ȱdependingȱonȱwhetherȱthereȱisȱtooȱmuchȱorȱnot enoughȱhydrogenȱionȱinȱtheȱbody. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) HowȱdoesȱtheȱDNAȱmoleculeȱcontrolȱtheȱappearanceȱandȱfunctionȱofȱaȱcell? Answer: TheȱDNAȱmoleculeȱcontrolsȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱenzymesȱandȱstructuralȱproteins.ȱByȱcontrollingȱthe synthesisȱofȱstructuralȱproteins,ȱtheȱDNAȱisȱableȱtoȱinfluenceȱtheȱphysicalȱappearanceȱofȱaȱcell.ȱBy controllingȱtheȱproductionȱofȱenzymes,ȱtheȱDNAȱisȱableȱtoȱcontrolȱallȱaspectsȱofȱcellularȱmetabolismȱand thusȱcontrolȱtheȱactivityȱandȱbiologicalȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱcell. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

5) Theȱelementȱsulfurȱhasȱanȱatomicȱnumberȱofȱ16ȱandȱmassȱnumberȱofȱ32.ȱHowȱmanyȱneutronsȱareȱinȱtheȱnucleus ofȱaȱsulfurȱatom?ȱIfȱsulfurȱformsȱcovalentȱbondsȱwithȱhydrogen,ȱhowȱmanyȱhydrogenȱatomsȱcanȱbondȱtoȱone sulfurȱatom? Answer: Theȱnumberȱofȱneutronsȱinȱanȱatomȱisȱequalȱtoȱtheȱmassȱnumberȱminusȱtheȱatomicȱnumber.ȱThus,ȱsulfur hasȱ32ȱ —ȱ16ȱ=ȱ16ȱneutrons.ȱTheȱatomicȱnumberȱindicatesȱtheȱnumberȱofȱprotons,ȱsoȱaȱneutralȱsulfurȱatom containsȱ16ȱprotonsȱplusȱ16ȱelectronsȱtoȱbalanceȱtheȱprotonsȱelectrically.ȱTheȱelectronsȱwouldȱbe distributedȱasȱfollows:ȱ2ȱinȱtheȱfirstȱelectronȱshell,ȱ8ȱinȱtheȱsecond,ȱandȱtheȱremainingȱ6ȱinȱtheȱthird.ȱTo achieveȱaȱfullȱ8ȱelectronsȱinȱtheȱthirdȱ(outermost)ȱelectronȱshell,ȱtheȱsulfurȱatomȱcanȱacceptȱ2ȱelectronsȱin anȱionicȱbondȱorȱcanȱshareȱ2ȱelectronsȱinȱaȱcovalentȱbond.ȱBecauseȱhydrogenȱatomsȱcanȱshareȱone electronȱinȱaȱcovalentȱbond,ȱtheȱsulfurȱatomȱcanȱformȱtwoȱcovalentȱbondsȱwithȱhydrogen,ȱoneȱwithȱeach ofȱtwoȱhydrogenȱatoms.ȱInȱchemicalȱnotation,ȱthisȱisȱH 2 S. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ3 TheȱCellularȱLevelȱofȱOrganization MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱsmallestȱlivingȱunitȱwithinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱis A) aȱprotein. B) theȱcell. C) aȱtissue. D) anȱorgan. E) anȱorganȱsystem. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱwateryȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱcytoplasmȱisȱcalled A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellularȱfluid. D) interstitialȱfluid. E) aȱcolloidalȱgel. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱisȱnotȱusedȱtoȱdefineȱtheȱstructureȱthatȱseparatesȱtheȱcontentsȱofȱaȱhumanȱcell fromȱitsȱsurroundingȱmedium? A) cellȱwall B) cellȱmembrane C) plasmaȱmembrane D) plasmalemma E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Functionsȱofȱtheȱplasmalemmaȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) separationȱofȱtheȱcytoplasmȱfromȱtheȱextracellularȱfluid. B) regulationȱofȱexchangeȱofȱmaterialsȱwithȱtheȱextracellularȱenvironment. C) sensitivityȱtoȱchemicalȱchangesȱinȱtheȱextracellularȱfluid. D) thermalȱinsulation. E) structuralȱsupport. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱisȱcomposedȱof A) aȱbilayerȱofȱproteins. B) aȱbilayerȱofȱphospholipids. C) carbohydrateȱmolecules. D) carbohydratesȱandȱproteins. E) carbohydratesȱandȱlipids. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱmembraneȱproteins? A) bindȱtoȱligands B) regulateȱtheȱpassageȱofȱions C) actȱasȱcarrierȱmoleculesȱforȱvariousȱsolutes D) actȱasȱanchorsȱorȱstabilizersȱforȱtheȱcellȱmembrane E) cellȱnutrient Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Functionsȱofȱtheȱglycocalyxȱinclude A) lubricatingȱandȱprotectingȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. B) identifyingȱtheȱcellȱforȱtheȱimmuneȱsystem. C) bindingȱextracellularȱcompounds. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱnonmembranousȱorganelle,ȱ exceptȱ A) lysosomes. B) cilia. C) centrioles. D) ribosomes. E) cytoskeleton. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Componentsȱofȱtheȱcytoskeletonȱmayȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) microfilaments. B) intermediateȱfilaments. C) microsomes. D) microtubules. E) thickȱfilaments. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Tubulinȱisȱtoȱmicrotubulesȱasȱactinȱisȱto A) ribosomes. B) microfilaments. C) intermediateȱfilaments. D) flagella. E) microvilli. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcytoskeletonȱcomponentsȱmovesȱtheȱchromosomesȱduringȱcellȱdivision? A) microfilaments B) intermediateȱfilaments C) thickȱfilaments D) microtubules E) basalȱbodies Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) MostȱofȱtheȱATPȱrequiredȱtoȱpowerȱcellularȱoperationsȱisȱproducedȱinȱthe A) cytoplasm. B) endoplasmicȱreticulum. C) nucleus. D) mitochondria. E) cilia. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Inȱtheȱmitochondrion,ȱfoldsȱareȱtoȱcristaeȱasȱtheȱcontainedȱfluidȱisȱto A) actin. B) microvilli. C) cytosol. D) basalȱbody. E) matrix. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱcomponentsȱofȱribosomesȱareȱformedȱwithin A) theȱendoplasmicȱreticulum. B) Golgiȱcomplexes. C) lysosomes. D) mitochondria. E) nucleoli. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Synthesisȱofȱlipidsȱandȱglycogenȱtakesȱplaceȱatȱthe A) ribosomes. B) roughȱER. C) smoothȱER. D) Golgiȱapparatus. E) mitochondria. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱconsistsȱofȱaȱnetworkȱofȱintracellularȱmembranesȱwithȱattachedȱribosomes? A) roughȱendoplasmicȱreticulum B) smoothȱendoplasmicȱreticulum C) mitochondria D) nucleoli E) Golgiȱapparatus Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Renewalȱorȱmodificationȱofȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱthe A) microtubules. B) mitochondria. C) roughȱendoplasmicȱreticulum. D) ribosomes. E) Golgiȱapparatus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Organellesȱthatȱabsorbȱandȱneutralizeȱdrugsȱandȱtoxinsȱare A) lysosomes. B) peroxisomes. C) endocyticȱvesicles. D) nuclei E) toxisomes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whenȱactivated,ȱlysosomesȱfunctionȱin A) formationȱofȱnewȱcellȱmembranes. B) synthesisȱofȱproteins. C) digestionȱofȱforeignȱmaterial. D) synthesisȱofȱlipids. E) cellȱdivision. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) MostȱofȱaȱcellȇsȱDNAȱisȱlocatedȱinȱits A) ribosomes. B) lysosomes. C) Golgiȱapparatus. D) nucleus. E) nucleolus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱcontrolȱcenterȱforȱcellularȱoperationsȱisȱthe A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) Golgiȱapparatus. D) endoplasmicȱreticulum. E) ribosome. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) TheȱcomplexȱstructuresȱofȱDNAȱandȱproteinȱfoundȱinȱtheȱcellȱnucleusȱare A) nucleoplasm. B) chromosomes. C) histones. D) nucleases. E) mitochondria. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) mRNAȱisȱneededȱtoȱsynthesizeȱ________ȱinȱtheȱcytoplasm. A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) phospholipids E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱtripletȱcodesȱneededȱtoȱspecifyȱaȱspecificȱpolypeptideȱchainȱareȱfoundȱinȱthe A) cytoplasm. B) gene. C) codon. D) anticodon. E) polypeptideȱitself. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Asȱeachȱcodonȱarrivesȱatȱtheȱactiveȱsiteȱofȱaȱribosome,ȱitȱattractsȱanotherȱmoleculeȱcontainingȱtheȱanticodon. Thisȱmoleculeȱisȱcalled A) DNA. B) mRNA. C) rRNA. D) tRNA. E) RER. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) TheȱprocessȱofȱproteinȱformationȱdirectedȱbyȱmRNAȱisȱcalled A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) mitosis. E) auscultation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) TheȱprocessȱofȱformingȱmRNAȱisȱcalled A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) ribolation. E) auscultation. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱmovementȱofȱoxygenȱfromȱanȱareaȱofȱhighȱconcentrationȱtoȱanȱareaȱofȱlowȱconcentrationȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) osmosis. B) activeȱtransport. C) diffusion. D) facilitatedȱtransport. E) filtration. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Diffusionȱofȱaȱsubstanceȱacrossȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱisȱinfluencedȱbyȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) hydrolysisȱofȱATP. B) theȱpresenceȱofȱtheȱmembraneȱchannels. C) theȱchargeȱonȱtheȱion. D) concentrationȱgradient. E) lipidȱsolubility. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Waterȱmoleculesȱandȱsmallȱionsȱenterȱaȱcellȱthrough A) channelsȱformedȱbyȱintegralȱproteins. B) peripheralȱproteins. C) lipidȱchannels. D) peripheralȱcarbohydrates. E) defectsȱinȱtheȱlipidȱlayerȱofȱtheȱmembrane. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Aȱsolutionȱthatȱcontainsȱaȱlowerȱosmoticȱpressureȱthanȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱaȱcellȱisȱcalled A) merotonic. B) hypertonic. C) isotonic. D) hypotonic. E) homotonic. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) ȈSpikesȈȱformȱonȱaȱbloodȱcellȱwhenȱitȱisȱplacedȱinȱa(n)ȱ________ȱsolution. A) isotonic B) hypertonic C) hypotonic D) merotonic E) homotonic Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱmoleculesȱsuchȱasȱglucoseȱareȱmovedȱintoȱcellsȱalongȱtheirȱconcentrationȱgradientȱwith theȱhelpȱofȱmembrane-boundȱcarrierȱproteinsȱisȱcalled A) osmosis. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) activeȱtransport. D) endocytosis. E) exocytosis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Facilitatedȱdiffusionȱdiffersȱfromȱordinaryȱdiffusionȱinȱthat A) facilitatedȱdiffusionȱconsumesȱnoȱATP. B) facilitatedȱdiffusionȱmovesȱmoleculesȱfromȱanȱareaȱofȱhigherȱconcentrationȱtoȱlowerȱconcentration. C) theȱrateȱofȱmolecularȱmovementȱisȱlimitedȱbyȱtheȱnumberȱofȱavailableȱcarrierȱmolecules. D) facilitatedȱdiffusionȱneverȱeliminatesȱtheȱconcentrationȱgradient. E) theȱrateȱofȱmolecularȱmovementȱisȱnotȱlimitedȱbyȱtheȱnumberȱofȱavailableȱcarrierȱmolecules. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Aȱprocessȱthatȱrequiresȱcellularȱenergyȱtoȱmoveȱaȱsubstanceȱagainstȱitsȱconcentrationȱgradientȱisȱcalled A) activeȱtransport. B) passiveȱtransport. C) facilitatedȱtransport. D) osmosis. E) diffusion. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱintakeȱofȱsmallȱmembraneȱvesiclesȱfromȱtheȱextracellularȱfluidȱisȱcalled A) osmosis. B) activeȱtransport. C) facilitatedȱtransport. D) endocytosis. E) anȱionȱexchangeȱpump. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱprincipalȱcationsȱinȱourȱbodyȱfluidsȱareȱ________ȱandȱ________. A) sodium;ȱpotassium B) calcium;ȱmagnesium C) sodium;ȱcalcium D) chloride;ȱbicarbonate E) sodium;ȱchloride Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Inȱorderȱtoȱmaintainȱcellularȱhomeostasis,ȱanȱexchangeȱpumpȱejectsȱ________ȱionsȱfromȱtheȱcellȱandȱimports ________ȱions. A) potassium;ȱcalcium B) sodium;ȱcalcium C) potassium;ȱsodium D) sodium;ȱpotassium E) calcium;ȱsodium Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱaboutȱaȱcellȇsȱrestingȱtransmembraneȱpotentialȱisȱ false? A) insideȱslightlyȱmoreȱpositiveȱthanȱoutside B) insideȱslightlyȱmoreȱnegativeȱthanȱoutside C) dependsȱonȱseparationȱofȱ+ȱandȱ —ȱcharges D) representsȱpotentialȱenergy E) controlsȱmuscularȱcontractionȱandȱnervousȱsignaling Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱpotentialȱdifferenceȱacrossȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱisȱdueȱtoȱtheȱseparationȱof A) carbohydrateȱmolecules. B) waterȱmolecules. C) cationsȱandȱanions. D) acidsȱandȱbases. E) phospholipidsȱandȱproteins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Changesȱinȱtheȱtransmembraneȱpotentialȱofȱaȱcellȱareȱinvolvedȱin A) movement. B) thought. C) glandularȱsecretion. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱstageȱinȱaȱcellȇsȱlifeȱcycleȱinȱwhichȱtheȱcellȱperformsȱitsȱnormalȱfunctionsȱandȱpreparesȱforȱdivisionȱisȱcalled A) prophase. B) metaphase. C) interphase. D) telophase. E) anaphase. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Aȱcellȱduplicatesȱitsȱchromosomesȱduringȱtheȱ________ȱphase. A) Goȱ B) G1ȱ C) G2ȱ D) Gmȱ E) S Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Duringȱmitosis,ȱchromatidsȱseparateȱintoȱdaughterȱchromosomesȱduring A) prophase. B) metaphase. C) interphase. D) telophase. E) anaphase. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Duringȱthisȱphaseȱofȱcellȱdivision,ȱtheȱchromosomesȱuncoil,ȱtheȱnuclearȱmembraneȱforms,ȱandȱcytokinesis occurs. A) anaphase B) prophase C) interphase D) telophase E) metaphase Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Asȱgenesȱareȱfunctionallyȱeliminated,ȱtheȱcellȱbecomesȱlimitedȱinȱtheȱrangeȱofȱproteinsȱitȱcanȱmake.ȱThis specializationȱprocessȱisȱtermed A) adaptation. B) differentiation. C) structuralȱintegration. D) cellularȱactivation. E) apoptosis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmembraneȱtransportȱmechanismsȱareȱpassiveȱprocesses,ȱexceptȱ A) diffusion. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) vesicularȱtransport. D) osmosis. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱplasmalemmaȱincludes A) integralȱproteins. B) glycolipids. C) phospholipids. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱgeneticallyȱprogrammedȱdeathȱofȱcellsȱisȱcalled A) differentiation. B) replication. C) apoptosis. D) metastasis. E) mitosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Osmoticȱpressure A) forcesȱwaterȱtoȱmoveȱtowardȱtheȱhigherȱsoluteȱconcentration. B) forcesȱwaterȱtoȱmoveȱacrossȱaȱsemipermeableȱmembrane. C) canȱbeȱopposedȱbyȱhydrostaticȱpressure. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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51) Membraneȱproteinsȱperformȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfunctions? A) anchoring B) receptors C) recognition D) enzymes E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱaboutȱcytoplasmȱisȱfalse? A) extracellularȱfluidȱcontainsȱmoreȱprotein B) theȱmaterialȱthatȱfillsȱaȱcell C) semi-rigidȱtexture D) includesȱcytoskeleton E) includesȱcytosol Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Manyȱproteinsȱinȱtheȱcytosolȱareȱ________ȱthatȱaccelerateȱmetabolicȱreactions. A) carbohydrates B) enzymes C) lipids D) messengers E) ions Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Extracellularȱfluidȱservesȱas A) aȱstorageȱarea. B) aȱreserveȱarea. C) aȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱphospholipidȱbilayer. D) aȱtransportȱmedium. E) aȱtransportȱmediumȱwithȱlargeȱstorageȱcapacity. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Microfilaments A) anchorȱtheȱcytoskeletonȱtoȱmembraneȱproteins B) controlȱtheȱconsistencyȱofȱcytoplasm C) withȱmyosin,ȱproduceȱcellȱmovement D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Tubulinȱis A) aȱcarbohydrateȱthatȱassemblesȱintoȱfilamentousȱtubesȱ(microtubules). B) aȱlipidȱthatȱassemblesȱintoȱfilamentousȱtubesȱ(microtubules). C) aȱproteinȱthatȱassemblesȱintoȱfilamentousȱtubesȱ(microtubules). D) aȱproteinȱthatȱformsȱtheȱtubularȱportionȱofȱtheȱcytosol. E) aȱlipidȱthatȱformsȱtheȱER. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theseȱmolecularȱmotorsȱcarryȱmaterialsȱinȱoppositeȱdirectionsȱalongȱmicrotubules. A) kinesinȱandȱmyosin B) actinȱandȱmyosin C) dyneinȱandȱmyosin D) dyneinȱandȱactin E) dyneinȱandȱkinesin Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Endocytosisȱis A) aȱmethodȱforȱtransportingȱsubstancesȱintoȱtheȱcell. B) aȱmethodȱforȱmetabolizingȱwithinȱtheȱcytosol. C) aȱformȱofȱanabolism. D) aȱviralȱinfection. E) aȱmethodȱforȱpackagingȱsecretions. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) Peroxisomes A) containȱenzymesȱthatȱbreakȱdownȱhydrogenȱperoxide. B) absorbȱandȱbreakȱdownȱfattyȱacids,ȱgeneratingȱhydrogenȱperoxideȱinȱtheȱprocess. C) isȱanotherȱnameȱforȱlysosomes. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

60) Someȱcellsȱcontainȱlargeȱnumbersȱofȱmitochondriaȱwhileȱothersȱhaveȱrelativelyȱfewȱorȱnone.ȱThisȱsuggestsȱthat A) cellsȱwithȱlargeȱnumbersȱofȱmitochondriaȱareȱshort-lived. B) cellsȱwithȱlargeȱnumbersȱofȱmitochondriaȱhaveȱaȱhighȱenergyȱdemand. C) cellsȱwithȱsmallȱnumbersȱofȱmitochondriaȱhaveȱaȱlargeȱATPȱsupply. D) cellsȱwithȱlargeȱnumbersȱofȱmitochondriaȱhaveȱaȱlowȱenergyȱdemand. E) someȱcellsȱareȱolderȱthanȱothers. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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61) Aȱmatureȱredȱbloodȱcellȱlacksȱaȱnucleus.ȱThus,ȱit A) canȱrepairȱitselfȱreadily. B) isȱmalformed. C) canȱonlyȱdivideȱonceȱmore. D) willȱbeȱaȱlong-livedȱcell. E) cannotȱmakeȱnewȱproteinsȱandȱwillȱbeȱwornȱoutȱwithinȱaȱfewȱmonths. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

62) Histonesȱareȱfoundȱin A) nucleosomes. B) proteasomes. C) lysosomes. D) vesicles. E) endosomes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Chromosomesȱconsistȱofȱ________ȱandȱ________. A) RNA;ȱcarbohydrates B) DNA;ȱlipids C) DNA;ȱproteins D) water;ȱRNA E) RNA;ȱproteins Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Whichȱorganelleȱisȱmostȱprominentȱinȱcellsȱthatȱmakeȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱprotein? A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) chromosome D) proteasome E) mitochondria Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) MessengerȱRNAȱisȱvitalȱtoȱtheȱcellȱbecause A) mRNAȱcanȱleaveȱtheȱnucleus. B) mRNAȱcannotȱleaveȱtheȱnucleus. C) DNAȱcanȱleaveȱtheȱnucleus. D) DNAȱcannotȱleaveȱtheȱnucleus. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) TheȱfunctionalȱunitsȱofȱDNAȱthatȱcontainȱtheȱinstructionsȱforȱmakingȱoneȱorȱmoreȱproteinsȱare A) chromosomes. B) genes. C) ribosomes. D) codons. E) RNA. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Specificȱproteinsȱareȱmanufacturedȱthroughȱtheȱinteractionȱofȱ________ȱandȱ________. A) multipleȱenzymes;ȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱRNA B) multipleȱenzymes;ȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱRNA C) multipleȱcarbohydrates;ȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱDNA D) multipleȱproteins;ȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱDNA E) multipleȱenzymes;ȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱDNA Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Whichȱofȱtheseȱtransportȱprocessesȱalwaysȱrequiresȱmetabolicȱenergy? A) diffusion B) carrier-mediatedȱtransport C) vesicularȱtransport D) freelyȱpermeable E) impermeable Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱskinȱswellsȱandȱpuckersȱduringȱaȱlongȱbath.ȱThisȱsuggestsȱthatȱbathȱwaterȱisȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfluid. A) isotonic B) hypotonic C) hypertonic D) diffusion E) toxic Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Redȱbloodȱcellȱshrinkageȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱcellȱburstingȱisȱtoȱ________. A) crenation;ȱhemolysis B) lysis;ȱcrenation C) hypotonic;ȱisotonic D) isotonic;ȱhypotonic E) isotonic;ȱhypertonic Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) Twoȱtypesȱofȱvesicularȱtransportȱinclude A) endocytosisȱandȱretrocytosis. B) endocytosisȱandȱexocytosis. C) exocytosisȱandȱretrocytosis. D) pinocytosisȱandȱactiveȱtransport. E) passiveȱdiffusionȱandȱactiveȱdiffusion. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Aȱdefenseȱcellȱengulfingȱaȱbacteriumȱillustrates A) pinocytosis. B) endocytosis. C) exocytosis. D) phagocytosis. E) receptor-mediatedȱendocytosis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Duringȱmitosis,ȱtwoȱdaughterȱcellsȱform,ȱeachȱofȱwhichȱhas A) aȱdifferentȱnumberȱofȱchromosomesȱthanȱtheȱoriginalȱcell. B) twiceȱasȱmanyȱchromosomesȱasȱtheȱoriginalȱcell. C) theȱsameȱnumberȱofȱchromosomesȱasȱtheȱoriginalȱcell. D) aȱlesserȱnumberȱofȱchromosomesȱthanȱtheȱoriginalȱcell. E) halfȱasȱmanyȱchromosomesȱasȱtheȱoriginalȱcell. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) AȱunitȱinȱmessengerȱRNAȱconsistingȱofȱaȱsetȱofȱthreeȱconsecutiveȱnucleotidesȱisȱtermedȱa(n) A) aminoȱacid. B) tRNA. C) anticodon. D) codon. E) gene. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Anȱimpermeableȱcarbohydrateȱthatȱisȱoftenȱadministeredȱtoȱpatientsȱsufferingȱbloodȱlossȱis A) salineȱsolution. B) saltȱsolution. C) glucose. D) isotonicȱsaline. E) dextran. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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76) Anȱalternateȱtermȱforȱtumorȱis A) neoplasm. B) cytoplasm. C) benignȱmalignancy. D) primaryȱmetastasis. E) nucleoplasm. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) WhatȱisȱtheȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱcellȱthatȱisȱaffectedȱwhenȱtheȱpHȱofȱextracellularȱfluidȱchanges? A) nucleus B) nucleolus C) theȱcytosol D) plasmalemma E) cytoskeleton Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Whichȱformȱofȱendoplasmicȱreticulumȱmodifiesȱandȱpackagesȱnewlyȱsynthesizedȱproteins? A) ribosomalȱendoplasmicȱreticulum B) proteosomesȱreticulum C) raisedȱendoplasmicȱreticulum D) smoothȱendoplasmicȱreticulum E) roughȱendoplasmicȱreticulum Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱGolgiȱapparatusȱisȱfalse? A) receivesȱtransportȱvesiclesȱfromȱtheȱRER B) sendsȱtransportȱvesiclesȱtoȱtheȱRER C) producesȱlysosomes D) suppliesȱnewȱmembraneȱcomponents E) producesȱsecretoryȱvesicles Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Whichȱphaseȱofȱtheȱcellȱcycleȱhasȱtheȱmostȱvariableȱduration? A) Sȱphase B) G0 ȱphase C) G1 ȱphase D) G2 ȱphase E) Vȱphase Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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81) Microtubulesȱhaveȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfunctions? A) Theyȱformȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱorganelles. B) Theyȱmoveȱchromosomesȱduringȱcellȱdivision. C) Theyȱprovideȱaȱmechanismȱforȱchangingȱtheȱcellȱshape. D) Molecularȱmotorsȱmoveȱalongȱthem. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Theȱendoplasmicȱreticulumȱisȱresponsibleȱfor A) drugȱandȱtoxinȱneutralization. B) lipidȱsynthesis. C) proteinȱsynthesis. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Aȱsubstanceȱcontainingȱatomsȱofȱdifferentȱelementsȱthatȱareȱbondedȱtogetherȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) molecule. B) compound. C) mixture. D) isotope. E) solution. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Specialȱcatalyticȱmoleculesȱcalledȱ________ȱcontrolȱchemicalȱreactionsȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbody. A) enzymes B) cytozymes C) DNA D) ribosomes E) cytochromes Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) Allȱorganicȱcompoundsȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱcontainȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱelements,ȱexceptȱ A) hydrogen. B) oxygen. C) carbon. D) calcium. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱprotein? A) support B) transport C) metabolicȱregulation D) storageȱofȱgeneticȱinformation E) movement Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Whichȱofȱfollowingȱpropertiesȱofȱtheȱcytoskeletonȱisȱfalse? A) supportsȱorganelles B) controlsȱcellȱshape C) providesȱcellȱstrength D) madeȱofȱcytobones E) movesȱorganelles Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Whichȱofȱfollowingȱpropertiesȱofȱmicrotubulesȱisȱtrue? A) madeȱofȱmyosin B) madeȱofȱactin C) foundȱonlyȱinȱtheȱterminalȱweb D) anotherȱtermȱforȱmicrofilaments E) interactȱwithȱdyneinȱandȱkinesin Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Hemolysisȱmayȱoccurȱwhenȱaȱbloodȱcellȱisȱplacedȱinto A) isotonicȱsolution. B) hypertonicȱsolution. C) hypotonicȱsolution. D) merotonicȱsolution. E) homotonicȱsolution. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) IfȱaȱcellȱlackedȱtheȱenzymeȱDNAȱpolymerase,ȱitȱcouldȱnot A) formȱprotein. B) formȱcomplementaryȱsequencesȱofȱDNA. C) linkȱsegmentsȱofȱDNAȱtogether. D) formȱspindleȱfibers. E) formȱaȱnewȱnuclearȱmembraneȱduringȱtelophase. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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91) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱextracellularȱfluid,ȱcytosolȱcontains A) aȱhigherȱconcentrationȱofȱpotassiumȱions. B) aȱlowerȱconcentrationȱofȱdissolvedȱproteins. C) almostȱnoȱglycogen. D) aȱhigherȱconcentrationȱofȱaminoȱacids. E) almostȱnoȱlipids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Microfilaments A) areȱusuallyȱcomposedȱofȱmyosin. B) areȱhollow,ȱfilamentousȱstructures. C) anchorȱtheȱcytoskeletonȱtoȱintegralȱproteinsȱofȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. D) interactȱwithȱfilamentsȱcomposedȱofȱtubulinȱtoȱproduceȱmuscleȱcontractions. E) areȱfoundȱinȱtheȱcytoplasmȱradiatingȱawayȱfromȱtheȱcentrosome. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) Ifȱanȱanimalȱcellȱlackedȱcentrioles,ȱitȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱto A) move. B) synthesizeȱproteins. C) produceȱDNA. D) metabolizeȱsugars. E) formȱtheȱmitoticȱspindle. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱmitochondriaȱisȱtrue,ȱexcept one.ȱIdentifyȱtheȱexception. A) Theȱcristaeȱincreaseȱtheȱinnerȱsurfaceȱareaȱofȱtheȱorganelle. B) Theȱmatrixȱcontainsȱmetabolicȱenzymesȱinvolvedȱinȱenergyȱproduction. C) Respiratoryȱenzymesȱareȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱcristae. D) TheȱmitochondriaȱcontainȱnoȱDNA. E) TheȱmitochondriaȱproduceȱmostȱofȱaȱcellȇsȱATP. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱsmoothȱendoplasmicȱreticulum,ȱexceptȱ A) storageȱandȱreleaseȱofȱcalciumȱions. B) modificationȱofȱprotein. C) synthesisȱofȱsteroidȱhormones. D) synthesisȱofȱtriglycerides. E) detoxificationȱofȱdrugs. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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96) TheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱtheȱstepsȱinvolvedȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱsecretionȱbyȱtheȱGolgiȱapparatus. 1.ȱ Materialȱmovesȱfromȱcisternaȱtoȱcisternaȱbyȱmeansȱofȱtransferȱvesicles. 2.ȱ Exocytosis. 3.ȱ ProductsȱfromȱRERȱareȱpackagedȱintoȱtransportȱvesicles. 4.ȱ Secretoryȱvesiclesȱareȱformedȱatȱtheȱmaturingȱface. 5.ȱ Vesiclesȱarriveȱatȱtheȱformingȱface. 6.ȱ Enzymesȱmodifyȱarrivingȱproteinsȱandȱglycoproteins. Theȱproperȱorderȱforȱtheseȱis A) 5,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ3. B) 2,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ4. C) 4,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ2. D) 3,ȱ5,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ2. E) 1,ȱ3,ȱ6,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ5. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Imagineȱtwoȱrigidȱchambersȱseparatedȱbyȱaȱrigidȱmembraneȱthatȱisȱfreelyȱpermeableȱtoȱwaterȱbutȱimpermeable toȱglucose.ȱSideȱ1ȱcontainsȱaȱ10ȱpercentȱglucoseȱsolutionȱandȱsideȱ2ȱcontainsȱpureȱwater.ȱAtȱequilibrium,ȱwhat willȱbeȱtheȱsituation? A) Waterȱwillȱcontinueȱtoȱmoveȱfromȱsideȱ1ȱtoȱsideȱ2. B) Waterȱwillȱcontinueȱtoȱmoveȱfromȱsideȱ2ȱtoȱsideȱ1. C) Theȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱwillȱbeȱhigherȱinȱsideȱ1. D) Theȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱwillȱbeȱhigherȱinȱsideȱ2. E) Noȱwayȱtoȱtellȱwhatȱtheȱsituationȱwillȱbe. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

98) Ifȱtheȱamountȱofȱchlorideȱionȱinȱbloodȱplasmaȱincreases,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱinitiallyȱoccur? A) Theȱbloodȱosmoticȱpressureȱwillȱincrease. B) Theȱbloodȱosmoticȱpressureȱwillȱdecrease. C) Theȱbloodȱosmoticȱpressureȱwillȱstayȱtheȱsame. D) Theȱbloodȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱwillȱincrease. E) Theȱbloodȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱwillȱdecrease. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) Ifȱtheȱconcentrationȱofȱsodiumȱchlorideȱinȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱsurroundingȱcellsȱdecreasesȱandȱthe concentrationȱofȱotherȱsolutesȱremainsȱconstant, A) theȱcellsȱwillȱshrink. B) theȱcellsȱwillȱswell. C) theȱfluidȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱcellsȱwillȱbecomeȱisotonic. D) theȱfluidȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱcellsȱwillȱbecomeȱhypertonic. E) theȱcellsȱwillȱnotȱchange. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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100) Assumeȱthatȱtheȱtransportȱofȱaȱparticularȱaminoȱacidȱacrossȱtheȱplasmalemmaȱisȱobservedȱ(1)ȱtoȱoccurȱonly downȱitsȱconcentrationȱgradientȱandȱ(2)ȱtoȱslowȱwhenȱaȱsimilarȱaminoȱacidȱisȱaddedȱtoȱtheȱextracellularȱfluid. Theȱmovementȱofȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱthroughȱtheȱmembraneȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱby A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) facilitatedȱdiffusion. D) activeȱtransport. E) pinocytosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

101) Generally,ȱcellsȱwithȱaȱveryȱbriefȱinterphaseȱandȱlackingȱaȱG 0 phase A) areȱstemȱcells. B) doȱnotȱexhibitȱcytokinesis. C) haveȱbriefȱlifeȱspans. D) areȱreproductiveȱcells. E) lackȱtheȱenzymeȱDNAȱpolymerase. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Thereȱisȱaȱdirectȱcorrelationȱbetweenȱtheȱpotencyȱofȱaȱgeneralȱanestheticȱsuchȱasȱetherȱandȱitsȱabilityȱto A) dissolveȱinȱwater. B) dissolveȱinȱlipids. C) bindȱtoȱproteins. D) interactȱwithȱcarbohydrates. E) bindȱtoȱDNA. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Cancerȱcells A) areȱindistinguishableȱfromȱnormalȱbodyȱcells. B) haveȱaȱslowȱmitoticȱrate. C) mayȱexhibitȱmetastasis. D) doȱnotȱformȱneoplasms. E) generallyȱformȱbenignȱtumors. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) TheȱmRNAȱsequenceȱthatȱisȱcomplementaryȱtoȱtheȱsequenceȱATCȱonȱDNAȱis A) ATC. B) TAG. C) UAG. D) AUG. E) AUC. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) TheȱanticodonȱforȱtheȱtripletȱUCAȱis A) AGU. B) AGC. C) TCA. D) TGT. E) AGT. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) BeforeȱtheȱmRNAȱtranscribedȱfromȱaȱgeneȱcanȱbeȱusedȱtoȱtranslateȱintoȱaȱprotein,ȱitȱmustȱbe A) editedȱtoȱremoveȱintrons. B) editedȱtoȱremoveȱexons. C) transportedȱintoȱtheȱcytoplasm. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Microscopicȱanalysisȱofȱaȱtissueȱsampleȱindicatesȱthatȱitȱcontainsȱabundantȱmyosinȱandȱactinȱfilaments.ȱThis tissueȱisȱprobablyȱformedȱfrom A) nerveȱcells. B) reproductiveȱcells. C) boneȱcells. D) muscleȱcells. E) liverȱcells. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

108) Examinationȱofȱaȱsampleȱofȱglandularȱcellsȱrevealsȱanȱextensiveȱnetworkȱofȱsmoothȱendoplasmicȱreticulum. Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱlikeliestȱproductȱofȱtheseȱcells? A) digestiveȱenzymes B) steroidȱhormones C) proteinȱhormones D) transportȱproteins E) antibodies Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

109) Breathingȱfasterȱandȱdeeperȱeliminatesȱmoreȱcarbonȱdioxideȱfromȱtheȱbodyȱthanȱnormalȱbreathing.ȱUnderȱthese circumstances A) moreȱcarbonȱdioxideȱwillȱdiffuseȱoutȱofȱtheȱblood. B) moreȱcarbonȱdioxideȱwillȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱblood. C) lessȱcarbonȱdioxideȱwillȱdiffuseȱoutȱofȱtheȱblood. D) lessȱcarbonȱdioxideȱwillȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱblood. E) theȱamountȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱdiffusionȱwillȱremainȱunchanged. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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110) Aȱmembraneȱtransportȱprocessȱisȱfoundȱexperimentallyȱtoȱhaveȱaȱsaturationȱlimit.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱa possibleȱpropertyȱofȱtheȱprocess? A) energy-dependent B) carrier-mediated C) cotransport D) activeȱtransport E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

111) Inȱaȱseriesȱofȱmeasurementsȱofȱrestingȱtransmembraneȱpotentials,ȱtheȱfollowingȱvaluesȱwereȱrecorded.ȱWhich oneȱisȱlikeliestȱtoȱbeȱanȱerror? A) —10ȱmV B) —20ȱmV C) —40ȱmV D) —70ȱmV E) +100ȱmV Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Mitosisȱisȱtoȱsomaticȱcellsȱasȱmeiosisȱisȱto A) visceralȱcells. B) reproductiveȱcells. C) plantȱcells. D) sensoryȱcells. E) stemȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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Figureȱ3- 1ȱȱTheȱAnatomyȱofȱaȱRepresentativeȱCell UseȱFigureȱ3- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestion(s): 113) Whichȱstructureȱorganizesȱtheȱmitoticȱspindleȱduringȱcellȱdivision? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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114) Synthesisȱofȱcarbohydratesȱandȱlipidsȱoccursȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeled A) 4. B) 5. C) 6. D) 7. E) 8. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) WhichȱstructureȱproducesȱATPȱforȱtheȱcell? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

116) Whichȱorganelleȱrenewsȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱandȱmodifiesȱandȱpackagesȱproteinsȱforȱsecretion? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) TheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉȱpermitsȱtheȱcellȱto A) attachȱtoȱneighboringȱcells. B) produceȱmoreȱcells. C) increaseȱsurfaceȱareaȱforȱincreasedȱmembraneȱtransport. D) swimȱinȱextracellularȱfluid. E) trapȱbacteria. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ3- 2ȱȱTheȱPlasmalemma UseȱFigureȱ3- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestion(s): 118) Whichȱstructureȱisȱwaterȱmostȱlikelyȱtoȱpassȱthrough? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) WhichȱstructureȱhasȱaȱȈgateȈȱtoȱcontrolȱtransport? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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120) Microfilamentsȱareȱlabeled A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 5. E) 6. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

121) Lipidȱmoleculesȱpassȱintoȱtheȱcellȱthroughȱtheȱstructureȱlabeled A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 5. E) 6. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Whatȱpartȱofȱtheȱplasmalemmaȱisȱhydrophobic? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱcytoplasmȱcontainsȱtheȱfluidȱ________ȱandȱtheȱsuspendedȱ________. Answer: cytosol;ȱorganelles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Massesȱofȱinsolubleȱmaterialȱthatȱareȱsometimesȱfoundȱinȱcytosolȱareȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: inclusions Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) ________ȱcellsȱareȱallȱofȱtheȱcellsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱexceptȱtheȱreproductiveȱcellsȱ(spermȱandȱoocytes). Answer: Somatic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱendoplasmicȱreticulumȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱorganelle. Answer: membranous Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱextracellularȱfluidȱinȱmostȱtissuesȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱfluid. Answer: interstitial Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Ciliaȱandȱflagellaȱcontainȱ9ȱpairsȱofȱȱ________ȱsurroundingȱaȱcentralȱpair. Answer: microtubules Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Ribosomesȱareȱcomposedȱofȱproteinȱandȱ________. Answer: rRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱnucleusȱisȱsurroundedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: nuclearȱenvelope Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) TransferȱofȱmRNAȱfromȱtheȱnucleusȱtoȱtheȱcytosolȱoccursȱthroughȱ________. Answer: nuclearȱpores Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Aȱmoleculeȱofȱ________ȱcontainsȱallȱtheȱcodonsȱneededȱtoȱproduceȱaȱparticularȱpolypeptide. Answer: mRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Theȱenzymeȱ________ȱisȱrequiredȱforȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱmRNA. Answer: RNAȱpolymerase Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Aminoȱacidsȱareȱtransferredȱtoȱtheȱribosomeȱtoȱbeȱincorporatedȱintoȱaȱgrowingȱpolypeptideȱchainȱbyȱ________. Answer: tRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Duringȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱproteins,ȱaminoȱacidsȱareȱassembledȱinȱtheȱproperȱsequenceȱbecauseȱeachȱtRNA moleculeȱthatȱbringsȱthemȱtoȱtheȱribosomeȱhasȱa(n)ȱ________ȱthatȱbindsȱtoȱaȱcomplementaryȱcodonȱinȱthe mRNA. Answer: anticodon Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱstartȱofȱeachȱgeneȱbeginsȱwithȱaȱ________ȱsegment. Answer: promoter Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱseriesȱofȱribosomesȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱsameȱmRNA. Answer: polyribosomeȱorȱpolysome Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) ________ȱareȱpermanentȱalterationsȱinȱaȱcellȇsȱDNAȱthatȱaffectȱtheȱnucleotideȱsequenceȱofȱoneȱorȱmoreȱgenes. Answer: Mutations Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Aȱpointȱmutationȱinvolvesȱaȱchangeȱinȱ________. Answer: aȱsingleȱnucleotide Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Inȱcellsȱthatȱareȱnotȱdividing,ȱchromosomesȱuncoilȱtoȱformȱaȱtangleȱofȱfineȱfibersȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: chromatin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) ________ȱchannelsȱcanȱopenȱorȱcloseȱtoȱregulateȱtheȱpassageȱofȱmaterialsȱthroughȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. Answer: Gated Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱ________ȱofȱaȱmembraneȱindicatesȱhowȱeasyȱitȱisȱforȱsubstancesȱtoȱcross. Answer: permeability Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Cellȱmembranesȱareȱsaidȱtoȱbeȱ________ȱbecauseȱtheyȱallowȱsomeȱsubstancesȱtoȱpassȱbutȱnotȱothers. Answer: selectivelyȱpermeable Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Membrane-boundȱproteinsȱthatȱuseȱmetabolicȱenergyȱtoȱmoveȱionsȱacrossȱtheȱplasmalemmaȱareȱcalled ________. Answer: ionȱpumps Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Inȱ________ȱoneȱsubstanceȱisȱtransportedȱintoȱtheȱcell,ȱandȱanotherȱisȱtransportedȱout. Answer: countertransportȱorȱantiport Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Receptorȱmoleculesȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱcellsȱbindȱspecificȱmoleculesȱcalled,ȱinȱgeneral,ȱ________. Answer: ligands Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Wheneverȱpositiveȱandȱnegativeȱionsȱhaveȱbeenȱseparated,ȱa(n)ȱ________ȱwillȱbeȱproduced. Answer: potentialȱdifference Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱpotentialȱdifferenceȱacrossȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: transmembraneȱpotential Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱtransmembraneȱpotentialȱinȱanȱundisturbedȱcellȱisȱcalledȱitsȱ________. Answer: restingȱmembraneȱpotential Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Nuclearȱdivisionȱofȱsomaticȱcellsȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: mitosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) ________ȱisȱtheȱprocessȱofȱduplicatingȱchromosomesȱpriorȱtoȱcellȱdivision. Answer: Replication Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Specialȱcellsȱcalledȱ________ȱmaintainȱtissuesȱbyȱunendingȱcyclesȱofȱcellȱdivision. Answer: stemȱcells Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱproperȱdistributionȱofȱaȱcellȇsȱgeneticȱmaterialȱtoȱtwoȱdaughterȱcellsȱisȱaccomplishedȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱof ________. Answer: mitosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱphysicalȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱaȱsingleȱanimalȱcellȱseparatesȱintoȱtwoȱcellsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: cytokinesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱcellsȱbecomeȱspecializedȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: differentiation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱmutantȱofȱaȱregulatoryȱgeneȱthatȱcausesȱcancer. Answer: oncogene Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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35) ________ȱrefersȱtoȱidentifyingȱanȱindividualȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱrepetitiveȱnucleotideȱsequencesȱinȱhisȱorȱherȱDNA. Answer: DNAȱfingerprinting Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

36) Aȱmalignantȱneoplasmȱisȱoftenȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: cancer Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

37) WriteȱoutȱtheȱtermȱforȱtRNA. Answer: transferȱribonucleicȱacidȱorȱtransferȱRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) WriteȱoutȱtheȱtermȱforȱmRNA. Answer: messengerȱribonucleicȱacidȱorȱmessengerȱRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) WriteȱoutȱtheȱtermȱforȱrRNA. Answer: ribosomalȱribonucleicȱacidȱorȱribosomalȱRNA Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Aȱchangeȱinȱaȱnucleotideȱsequenceȱofȱaȱgeneȱisȱtermedȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: mutation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) ________ȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱidentifyingȱandȱdigestingȱdamagedȱorȱdenaturedȱproteins. Answer: Proteasomes Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱ________ȱtypicallyȱconsistsȱofȱfiveȱorȱsixȱflattenedȱmembranousȱdiscsȱcalledȱcisternae. Answer: Golgiȱapparatus Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Recognitionȱkeepsȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱfromȱattackingȱ________,ȱwhileȱstillȱenablingȱitȱtoȱrecognizeȱand destroyȱinvadingȱpathogens. Answer: self Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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EssayȱQuestions 1) Whenȱaȱpersonȱreceivesȱintravenousȱfluidsȱtoȱhelpȱbuildȱupȱbloodȱvolume,ȱwhyȱisȱitȱimportantȱforȱtheȱfluidȱto beȱisotonic? Answer: Intravenousȱfluidsȱmustȱbeȱisotonicȱtoȱpreventȱtheȱcellsȱfromȱlosingȱorȱgainingȱwater.ȱIfȱtheȱsolutionȱwere hypertonic,ȱtheȱcellsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwouldȱloseȱwater,ȱshrink,ȱandȱpossiblyȱbeȱharmed.ȱOnȱtheȱotherȱhand, theȱintroductionȱofȱhypotonicȱfluidȱwouldȱcauseȱtheȱcellsȱtoȱswellȱandȱtissuesȱtoȱrupture. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) IntravenousȱinjectionȱofȱKClȱcouldȱbeȱfatal.ȱWhy? Answer: Increasingȱtheȱamountȱofȱpotassiumȱionȱinȱtheȱextracellularȱfluidȱwouldȱresultȱinȱmoreȱpotassiumȱ( + charges)ȱenteringȱtheȱcell,ȱleadingȱtoȱaȱrestingȱpotentialȱthatȱwasȱmoreȱpositive.ȱThisȱwouldȱdisturbȱthe restingȱtransmembraneȱpotential,ȱupsettingȱmuscleȱcontractionȱ(heartȱandȱskeletalȱmuscles). Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Howȱwouldȱanȱinhibitorȱofȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱexchangeȱpumpȱaffectȱtheȱrestingȱpotential? Answer: Theȱmaintenanceȱofȱaȱproperȱrestingȱpotentialȱrequiresȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱexchangeȱpump,ȱanȱactive transportȱprocess.ȱWithoutȱtheȱpump,ȱtheȱcellȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱpumpȱtheȱsodiumȱionȱ( +ȱcharge)ȱout andȱsoȱtheȱmembraneȱpotentialȱwouldȱbecomeȱmoreȱpositive. Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Defineȱosmosis. Answer: Osmosisȱisȱtheȱtransferȱofȱwaterȱacrossȱaȱsemipermeableȱmembraneȱdueȱtoȱaȱdifferenceȱinȱconcentration ofȱimpermeableȱsolute. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) A)ȱWhatȱareȱtheȱsimilaritiesȱbetweenȱfacilitatedȱdiffusionȱandȱactiveȱtransport?ȱB)ȱWhatȱareȱtheȱdifferences? Answer: A)ȱBothȱprocessesȱuseȱcarrierȱproteinsȱandȱexhibitȱsaturation.ȱB)ȱFacilitatedȱdiffusionȱisȱdrivenȱbyȱa concentrationȱgradient,ȱdoesȱnotȱconsumeȱATP,ȱandȱsoȱisȱ “passive, ”ȱwhereasȱactiveȱtransportȱisȱactive, consumesȱATP,ȱandȱmoveȱaȱsubstanceȱupȱitsȱconcentrationȱgradient. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

6) Whatȱroleȱdoesȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱexchangeȱpumpȱplayȱinȱstabilizingȱtheȱrestingȱmembraneȱpotential? Answer: Byȱejectingȱsodiumȱionsȱfromȱtheȱcytosolȱandȱabsorbingȱpotassiumȱionsȱfromȱtheȱextracellularȱfluid,ȱthe sodium-potassiumȱpumpȱmaintainsȱtheȱKȱconcentrationȱgradientȱthatȱleadsȱtoȱaȱnegativeȱresting membraneȱpotential. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

7) Differentiateȱbetweenȱtranscriptionȱandȱtranslation. Answer: Inȱtranscription,ȱRNAȱpolymeraseȱusesȱtheȱnucleotideȱsequenceȱonȱDNAȱtoȱconstructȱaȱcomplementary strandȱofȱmRNA.ȱInȱtranslation,ȱribosomesȱuseȱinformationȱcarriedȱbyȱtheȱmRNAȱstrandȱandȱtRNAȱto synthesizeȱtheȱcorrespondingȱpolypeptide. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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8) Duringȱkidneyȱdialysis,ȱaȱpersonȇsȱbloodȱisȱpassedȱthroughȱaȱbathȱthatȱcontainsȱseveralȱionsȱandȱmolecules.ȱThe bloodȱisȱseparatedȱfromȱtheȱdialysisȱfluidȱbyȱaȱmembraneȱthatȱallowsȱwater,ȱsmallȱions,ȱandȱsmallȱmoleculesȱto pass,ȱbutȱdoesȱnotȱallowȱlargeȱproteinsȱorȱbloodȱcellsȱtoȱpass.ȱWhatȱshouldȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱdialysisȱfluidȱbe forȱitȱtoȱremoveȱureaȱ(aȱsmallȱmolecule)ȱwithoutȱchangingȱtheȱbloodȱvolumeȱ(removingȱwaterȱfromȱtheȱblood)? Answer: Forȱtheȱdialysisȱfluidȱtoȱremoveȱureaȱwithoutȱremovingȱwater,ȱitȱshouldȱnotȱcontainȱurea.ȱBecauseȱureaȱis aȱsmallȱmolecule,ȱitȱwillȱdiffuseȱthroughȱtheȱdialysisȱmembraneȱfromȱanȱareaȱofȱhighȱconcentrationȱ(the blood)ȱtoȱanȱareaȱofȱlowȱconcentrationȱ(theȱdialysisȱfluid).ȱToȱpreventȱanȱassociatedȱosmoticȱwater movement,ȱtheȱdialysisȱfluidȱshouldȱhaveȱanȱosmoticȱconcentrationȱsimilarȱtoȱthatȱofȱbloodȱplasma,ȱbut withȱhigherȱconcentrationsȱofȱsolutesȱsuchȱasȱbicarbonateȱionsȱorȱglucose.ȱAsȱureaȱdiffusesȱintoȱthe dialysisȱfluid,ȱglucoseȱandȱbicarbonateȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱblood;ȱasȱaȱresult,ȱtheȱsoluteȱconcentrations remainȱinȱbalanceȱandȱnoȱosmoticȱwaterȱmovementȱoccurs. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

9) Whichȱorganellesȱareȱinvolvedȱinȱmembraneȱflow?ȱTraceȱtheȱrouteȱofȱaȱsingleȱintegralȱmembraneȱproteinȱfrom formationȱtoȱincorporationȱintoȱtheȱplasmaȱmembrane. Answer: Allȱmembranousȱorganellesȱareȱinvolvedȱinȱmembraneȱflow.ȱThoseȱmostȱdirectlyȱassociatedȱareȱtheȱER, Golgiȱapparatus,ȱsecretoryȱvesicles,ȱandȱplasmaȱmembrane.ȱAȱmembraneȱproteinȱwouldȱbeȱsynthesized inȱtheȱRER,ȱthenȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱcisternaeȱtoȱaȱtransportȱvesicle.ȱThereȱtheȱproteinȱwillȱbeȱmovedȱtoȱthe formingȱfaceȱofȱtheȱGolgiȱapparatus,ȱwhereȱitȱwillȱslowlyȱtravelȱupwardȱtowardȱtheȱmaturingȱface, usuallyȱbecomingȱmodifiedȱalongȱtheȱway.ȱOnceȱreachingȱtheȱmaturingȱfaceȱofȱtheȱGolgiȱapparatus,ȱthe proteinȱwouldȱbeȱembeddedȱinȱtheȱmembraneȱofȱaȱsecretoryȱvesicleȱandȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱplasma membrane.ȱThereȱtheȱvesicleȱwillȱfuseȱwithȱtheȱmembrane,ȱinsertingȱtheȱproteinȱinȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ4 TheȱTissueȱLevelȱofȱOrganization MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱfourȱmainȱtissueȱcategories? A) muscleȱtissue B) neuralȱtissue C) osseousȱtissue D) connectiveȱtissue E) epithelialȱtissue Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) TheȱtissueȱthatȱalwaysȱhasȱaȱȈtopȈȱandȱaȱȈbottomȈȱis A) epithelialȱtissue. B) connectiveȱtissue. C) muscleȱtissue. D) basalȱtissue. E) apicalȱtissue. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Functionsȱofȱepitheliaȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) providingȱphysicalȱprotection. B) controllingȱpermeability. C) absorption. D) producingȱspecializedȱsecretions. E) supportingȱmuscleȱcells. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Epithelialȱcellsȱexhibitȱmodificationsȱthatȱadaptȱthemȱfor A) contraction. B) conduction. C) secretion. D) circulation. E) support. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Epithelialȱcellsȱthatȱareȱadaptedȱforȱabsorptionȱorȱsecretionȱusuallyȱhaveȱ________ȱatȱtheirȱfreeȱsurface. A) mitochondria B) cilia C) microvilli D) junctionalȱcomplexes E) Golgiȱcomplexes Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Aȱtypeȱofȱintercellularȱjunctionȱthatȱstopsȱmaterialsȱfromȱcrossingȱanȱepitheliumȱbetweenȱcellsȱisȱtermedȱa(n) A) occludingȱjunction. B) gapȱjunction. C) intermediateȱjunction. D) desmosome. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) DeadȱskinȱcellsȱareȱshedȱinȱthinȱsheetsȱbecauseȱtheyȱareȱheldȱtogetherȱbyȱȈspotsȈȱofȱproteoglycanȱreinforcedȱby intermediateȱfilaments.ȱSuchȱstrongȱintercellularȱconnectionsȱareȱcalled A) gapȱjunctions. B) intermediateȱjunctions. C) tightȱjunctions. D) desmosomes. E) junctionalȱcomplexes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Epitheliumȱisȱconnectedȱtoȱunderlyingȱconnectiveȱtissueȱby A) keratin. B) interfacialȱcanals. C) aȱbasalȱlamina. D) aȱreticularȱlamina. E) proteoglycan. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱbasicȱshapesȱofȱepithelialȱcellsȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) oval. B) squamous. C) cuboidal. D) columnar. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Mesotheliumȱisȱtoȱtheȱbodyȱcavitiesȱasȱendotheliumȱisȱtoȱthe A) kidneys. B) heartȱandȱbloodȱvessels. C) urinaryȱbladder. D) mouth. E) largeȱintestine. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱepitheliaȱthatȱlineȱbodyȱcavitiesȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱareȱclassifiedȱas A) simpleȱsquamous. B) stratifiedȱsquamous. C) simpleȱcuboidal. D) stratifiedȱcuboidal. E) transitional. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱsimpleȱepitheliaȱisȱfalse? A) Theyȱaffordȱlittleȱmechanicalȱprotection. B) Theyȱareȱcharacteristicȱofȱregionsȱwhereȱsecretionȱorȱabsorptionȱoccurs. C) Theyȱlineȱinternalȱcompartmentsȱandȱpassageways. D) Theyȱcoverȱsurfacesȱsubjectedȱtoȱmechanicalȱorȱchemicalȱstress. E) Theyȱareȱavascular. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱtypeȱofȱepitheliumȱfoundȱwhereȱabsorptionȱorȱsecretionȱtakesȱplaceȱisȱ________ȱepithelium. A) simpleȱsquamous B) simpleȱcuboidal C) pseudostratifiedȱcolumnar D) simpleȱcolumnar E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Simpleȱcuboidalȱepitheliumȱisȱfound A) atȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. B) liningȱtheȱtrachea. C) liningȱbloodȱvessels. D) formingȱtheȱkidneyȱtubules. E) liningȱtheȱairȱsacsȱofȱtheȱlungs. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Simpleȱcolumnarȱepitheliaȱareȱfound A) liningȱtheȱurinaryȱbladder. B) liningȱtheȱductsȱthatȱdrainȱsweatȱglands. C) liningȱkidneyȱtubules. D) liningȱtheȱstomach. E) atȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Transitionalȱepitheliumȱisȱfound A) liningȱtheȱurinaryȱbladder. B) liningȱtheȱductsȱthatȱdrainȱsweatȱglands. C) liningȱkidneyȱtubules. D) liningȱtheȱstomach. E) atȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱheartȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱareȱlinedȱby A) pseudostratifiedȱcolumnarȱepithelium. B) transitionalȱepithelium. C) simpleȱcuboidalȱepithelium. D) simpleȱcolumnarȱepithelium. E) simpleȱsquamousȱepithelium. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Youȱwouldȱfindȱpseudostratifiedȱcolumnarȱepitheliumȱliningȱthe A) trachea. B) urinaryȱbladder. C) secretoryȱportionsȱofȱtheȱpancreas. D) surfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. E) stomach. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Glandsȱthatȱsecreteȱhormonesȱintoȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱare A) endocrineȱglands. B) interstitialȱglands. C) exocrineȱglands. D) merocrineȱglands. E) holocrineȱglands. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱtypeȱofȱsecretionȱinȱwhichȱsomeȱcytoplasmȱisȱlostȱwithȱtheȱproduct? A) holocrine B) merocrine C) apocrine D) mucus E) serous Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Connectiveȱtissueȱfibersȱareȱproducedȱmainlyȱby A) fibroblasts. B) macrophages. C) adipocytes. D) mastȱcells. E) melanocytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Cellsȱthatȱstoreȱfatȱareȱcalled A) cellulocytes. B) macrocytes. C) adipocytes. D) podocytes. E) melanocytes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Looseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱfunctionsȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱways,ȱexceptȱ A) transportingȱsubstancesȱbetweenȱcells. B) supportingȱepithelia. C) anchoringȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱnerves. D) storingȱtriacylglycerols. E) fillingȱspacesȱbetweenȱorgans. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

24) Theȱframeworkȱorȱstromaȱofȱorgansȱsuchȱasȱtheȱspleen,ȱliver,ȱandȱlymphȱnodesȱisȱmadeȱupȱofȱ________ȱtissue. A) looseȱconnective B) regularȱdenseȱconnective C) irregularȱdenseȱconnective D) reticularȱconnective E) adipose Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱdominantȱfiberȱtypeȱinȱdenseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱis A) collagen. B) elastin. C) actin. D) myosin. E) connectin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱdenseȱconnectiveȱtissue,ȱ exceptȱ A) tendons. B) ligaments. C) aponeuroses. D) areolarȱtissue. E) elasticȱtissue. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Tissuesȱthatȱprovideȱstrengthȱandȱsupportȱforȱareasȱsubjectedȱtoȱstressesȱfromȱmanyȱdirectionsȱare A) tendons. B) ligaments. C) denseȱirregularȱconnectiveȱtissues. D) reticularȱtissues. E) areolarȱtissue. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Whatȱtypeȱofȱcellȱmakesȱupȱalmostȱhalfȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱblood? A) erythrocyte B) leukocyte C) platelet D) monocyte E) phagocyte Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Chondroitinȱsulfateȱisȱabundantȱinȱtheȱmatrixȱof A) epithelialȱtissue. B) cartilage. C) areolarȱtissue. D) elasticȱconnectiveȱtissue. E) adiposeȱtissue. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Chondrocytesȱareȱtoȱcartilageȱasȱosteocytesȱareȱto A) blood. B) epithelium. C) fat. D) bone. E) neuralȱtissue. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Cartilageȱisȱseparatedȱfromȱsurroundingȱtissuesȱbyȱaȱfibrous A) perichondrium. B) lacunae. C) periosteum. D) canaliculi. E) matrix. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱmostȱcommonȱtypeȱofȱcartilageȱisȱ________ȱcartilage. A) ligamentous B) hyaline C) elastic D) fibrous E) osseous Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Osseousȱtissueȱisȱalsoȱcalled A) cartilage. B) fat. C) cellulite. D) bone. E) ligament. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmembranesȱlineȱcavitiesȱthatȱcommunicateȱwithȱtheȱexteriorȱofȱtheȱbody? A) mucous B) serous C) cutaneous D) synovial E) pleural Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱreductionȱofȱfrictionȱbetweenȱtheȱparietalȱandȱvisceralȱsurfacesȱofȱanȱinternalȱcavityȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱof A) cutaneousȱmembranes. B) mucousȱmembranes. C) serousȱmembranes. D) synovialȱmembranes. E) theȱlaminaȱpropria. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱserousȱmembraneȱliningȱtheȱabdominalȱcavityȱisȱthe A) pleura. B) peritoneum. C) pericardium. D) periosteum. E) perichondrium. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Whichȱofȱtheseȱrefersȱtoȱtheȱdenseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱaȱmuscleȱandȱblendsȱwithȱtheȱtendon? A) superficialȱfascia B) hypodermis C) deepȱfascia D) subserousȱfascia E) subcutaneousȱlayer Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Tissueȱthatȱisȱspecializedȱforȱcontractionȱisȱ________ȱtissue. A) looseȱconnective B) denseȱconnective C) epithelial D) nerve E) muscle Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Satelliteȱcellsȱareȱfoundȱinȱassociationȱwith A) skeletalȱmuscle. B) smoothȱmuscle. C) cardiacȱmuscle. D) involuntaryȱmuscle. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱmuscleȱtissueȱthatȱshowsȱnoȱstriationsȱisȱ________ȱmuscle. A) skeletal B) cardiac C) smooth D) voluntary E) multinucleated Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Tissueȱthatȱisȱspecializedȱforȱtheȱconductionȱofȱelectricalȱimpulsesȱisȱ________ȱtissue. A) connective B) neural C) areolar D) osseous E) epithelial Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱneurons,ȱexcept that A) whenȱmature,ȱtheyȱloseȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱdivide. B) theyȱconductȱaȱnervousȱimpulse. C) theyȱareȱcomposedȱofȱaȱsomaȱandȱaxon. D) theyȱareȱaȱveryȱspecializedȱformȱofȱconnectiveȱtissue. E) theyȱareȱseparatedȱfromȱoneȱanotherȱbyȱsynapses. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Tissueȱchangesȱwithȱageȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) lessȱefficientȱtissueȱmaintenance. B) proliferationȱofȱepidermalȱcells. C) thinnerȱepithelia. D) moreȱfragileȱconnectiveȱtissues. E) decreasedȱabilityȱtoȱrepairȱtissueȱdamage. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱrefersȱtoȱaȱreversibleȱchangeȱinȱtheȱnormalȱshape,ȱsize,ȱandȱorganizationȱofȱtissue cells? A) metaplasia B) metastasis C) dysplasia D) anaplasia E) inflammation Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Germinativeȱcells A) startȱinȱtheȱsuperficialȱlayersȱofȱepithelialȱtissue. B) cannotȱdivide. C) makeȱupȱmostȱofȱtheȱepithelialȱtypeȱofȱtissue. D) divideȱcontinuallyȱtoȱproduceȱnewȱepithelialȱcells. E) cannotȱfunctionȱinȱtheȱrepairȱofȱepithelialȱtissue. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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46) Cellsȱthatȱareȱspecializedȱforȱsecretion A) haveȱaȱfreeȱsurfaceȱthatȱisȱflat. B) haveȱaȱsmallȱnucleus. C) areȱusuallyȱsquamous. D) exhibitȱpolarity. E) areȱfoundȱonlyȱinȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

47) Wateryȱperspirationȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱsecretion. A) merocrine B) apocrine C) holocrine D) serous E) mucous Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

48) Theȱpancreasȱproducesȱ________ȱsecretions. A) serous B) mucous C) merocrine D) exocrineȱandȱendocrine E) secretory Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Unicellularȱexocrineȱglandsȱsecrete A) milk. B) sweat. C) mucus. D) sebum. E) insulin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

50) Aȱglandȱformedȱbyȱcellsȱarrangedȱinȱaȱblindȱpocketȱwithȱaȱsingleȱunbranchedȱductȱwouldȱbeȱcalled A) simpleȱtubular. B) simpleȱacinar. C) compoundȱtubular. D) compoundȱalveolar. E) tubuloacinar. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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51) Cellsȱthatȱengulfȱbacteriaȱorȱcellȱdebrisȱwithinȱlooseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱare A) fibroblasts. B) macrophages. C) adipocytes. D) mastȱcells. E) melanocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Duringȱanȱinflammatoryȱresponseȱtoȱinjury,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱleast likelyȱinȱtheȱregionȱofȱtheȱinjury? A) increaseȱinȱbasophils B) increaseȱinȱhistamine C) increaseȱinȱbloodȱflow D) paleȱcoldȱskin E) swelling Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

53) Antibodiesȱareȱproducedȱby A) macrophages. B) microphages. C) plasmocytes. D) mastȱcells. E) fibroblasts. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) Cellsȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱinjuryȱbyȱdividingȱtoȱassistȱinȱconnectiveȱtissueȱrepairȱare A) mastȱcells. B) fibroblasts. C) plasmocytes. D) mesenchymalȱstemȱcells. E) lymphocytes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

55) Unlikeȱcartilage,ȱbone A) isȱaȱconnectiveȱtissue. B) hasȱaȱmatrixȱthatȱcontainsȱcollagen. C) isȱhighlyȱvascular. D) hasȱanȱouterȱcovering. E) hasȱcellsȱwithinȱlacunae. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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56) Adhesionsȱofȱabdominopelvicȱorgansȱoccurȱwhen A) serousȱmembranesȱareȱdamaged. B) synovialȱmembranesȱareȱdamaged. C) muscleȱisȱdamaged. D) nerveȱcellsȱareȱdamaged. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

57) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtissueȱswellingȱthatȱoccursȱduringȱinflammationȱisȱtrue? A) triggeredȱbyȱheparin B) triggeredȱbyȱhistamine C) causedȱbyȱincreasedȱendothelialȱpermeability D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

58) Characteristicsȱofȱepitheliaȱinclude A) attachment. B) avascularity. C) regeneration. D) polarity. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Epitheliaȱspecializedȱforȱprovidingȱsensationsȱofȱsmell,ȱtaste,ȱsight,ȱequilibrium,ȱandȱhearingȱareȱknownȱas A) neuroepithelia. B) psychoepithelia. C) neuropsychoepithelia. D) multilaminarȱepithelia. E) protectiveȱepithelia. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Secretionsȱthroughȱaȱductȱmightȱprovideȱ________,ȱwhereasȱductlessȱsecretionsȱactȱasȱ________. A) lubrication;ȱlubricators B) enzymes;ȱhormones C) transportȱmedia;ȱphysicalȱprotectors D) superficialȱrelief;ȱinterstitialȱfluid E) odors;ȱalarms Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Theȱjunctionȱtypeȱthatȱletsȱneighboringȱcellsȱexchangeȱsmallȱmoleculesȱisȱthe A) desmosome. B) hemidesmosome. C) gapȱjunction. D) tightȱjunction. E) zonulaȱadherens. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱstudyȱofȱcellsȱshedȱfromȱepithelialȱsurfaces,ȱoftenȱforȱdiagnosticȱpurposes,ȱisȱtermed A) histology. B) physiology. C) anatomy. D) embryology. E) exfoliativeȱcytology. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) TheȱPapȱtestȱforȱcervicalȱcancerȱutilizes A) histology. B) physiology. C) anatomy. D) embryology. E) exfoliativeȱcytology. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Endocrineȱglandsȱemptyȱtheirȱproductsȱintoȱ________ȱandȱareȱreferredȱtoȱasȱ________ȱglands,ȱwhileȱexocrine glandȱsecretionsȱemptyȱintoȱ________ȱorȱontoȱsurfaces. A) cells;ȱcellular;ȱinterstitialȱfluid B) interstitialȱfluid;ȱducted;ȱcells C) interstitialȱfluid;ȱducted;ȱinterstitialȱfluid D) interstitialȱfluid;ȱductless;ȱducts E) ducts;ȱducted;ȱinterstitialȱfluid Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱinclude A) connectiveȱtissueȱproper,ȱfluidȱconnectiveȱtissues,ȱandȱsupportingȱconnectiveȱtissues. B) epithelial,ȱmuscle,ȱandȱneural. C) glandular,ȱexocrine,ȱandȱendocrine. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Damageȱtoȱaȱjointȱcartilageȱisȱaffectingȱwhichȱtypeȱofȱtissue? A) fluidȱconnectiveȱtissue B) denseȱconnectiveȱtissue C) supportingȱconnectiveȱtissue D) looseȱconnectiveȱtissue E) adiposeȱtissue Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) Twoȱclassesȱofȱmacrophagesȱinclude A) mesenchymalȱcellsȱandȱmelanocytes. B) mastȱcellsȱandȱbasophils. C) fixedȱmacrophagesȱandȱfreeȱmacrophages. D) neutrophilsȱandȱeosinophils. E) microphagesȱandȱadipocytes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Twoȱtypesȱofȱmicrophagesȱinclude A) mesenchymalȱcellsȱandȱmelanocytes. B) mastȱcellsȱandȱbasophils. C) fixedȱmacrophagesȱandȱfreeȱmacrophages. D) neutrophilsȱandȱeosinophils. E) microphagesȱandȱadipocytes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Whartonȇsȱjellyȱisȱaȱformȱof A) Marfanȇsȱsyndrome. B) mucousȱconnectiveȱtissue. C) groundȱsubstance. D) collagenȱfibers. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Whiteȱfatȱisȱfoundȱinȱ________,ȱwhileȱbrownȱfatȱisȱfoundȱinȱ________. A) adults;ȱinfants B) infants;ȱadults C) adolescents;ȱadults D) men;ȱwomen E) women;ȱmen Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) ________ȱattachȱskeletalȱmusclesȱtoȱbones,ȱandȱ________ȱconnectȱoneȱboneȱtoȱanother. A) Ligaments;ȱtendons B) Ligaments;ȱaponeuroses C) Tendons;ȱligaments D) Aponeuroses;ȱtendons E) Reticularȱtissues;ȱtendons Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Inȱstratifiedȱepitheliaȱadaptedȱtoȱresistȱmechanicalȱforces,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱcell-to-cellȱjunctions areȱespeciallyȱabundant? A) tightȱjunctions B) basolateralȱjunctions C) gapȱjunctions D) hemidesmosomes E) desmosomes Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Theȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱproteinȱfibersȱinȱconnectiveȱtissueȱare A) tendons,ȱligaments,ȱandȱelasticȱligaments. B) loose,ȱdense,ȱandȱirregular. C) cartilage,ȱbone,ȱandȱcollagen. D) collagen,ȱreticular,ȱandȱelastic. E) polar,ȱcellular,ȱandȱpermeable. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Intercalatedȱdiscsȱandȱpacemakerȱcellsȱareȱcharacteristicȱof A) smoothȱmuscleȱtissue. B) cardiacȱmuscleȱtissue. C) skeletalȱmuscleȱtissue. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Whichȱtypeȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱȱisȱfoundȱbetweenȱtheȱribsȱandȱtheȱsternum,ȱorȱsupportingȱtheȱtrachea? A) areolar B) hyalineȱcartilage C) elastic D) fibrous E) denseȱregular Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱconnectiveȱtissueȱcellsȱproducesȱcollagen? A) adipocytes B) fibroblasts C) macrophage D) mastȱcell E) lymphocyte Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Closeȱexaminationȱofȱanȱorganȱrevealsȱaȱliningȱofȱseveralȱlayersȱofȱcells.ȱTheȱlayersȱdoȱnotȱcontainȱanyȱblood vesselsȱandȱoneȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱcellsȱisȱopenȱtoȱtheȱinternalȱcavityȱofȱtheȱorgan.ȱThisȱtissueȱisȱprobably A) epithelium. B) muscleȱtissue. C) connectiveȱtissue. D) neuralȱtissue. E) fatȱtissue. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

78) Examinationȱofȱaȱtissueȱsampleȱrevealsȱgroupsȱofȱcellsȱunitedȱbyȱjunctionalȱcomplexesȱandȱinterlocking membranes.ȱTheȱcellsȱhaveȱoneȱfreeȱsurfaceȱandȱlackȱbloodȱvessels.ȱTheȱtissueȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱ________ȱtissue. A) muscle B) neural C) epithelial D) connective E) adipose Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

79) Microscopicȱexaminationȱofȱaȱtissueȱrevealsȱaȱlooseȱframeworkȱofȱfibersȱembeddedȱinȱaȱlargeȱvolumeȱofȱfluid groundȱsubstanceȱandȱadipocytesȱandȱmastȱcellsȱfibers.ȱThisȱtissueȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱhaveȱcomeȱfromȱthe A) innerȱwallȱofȱaȱbloodȱvessel. B) lungs. C) spleen. D) superficialȱfasciaȱbetweenȱskinȱandȱmuscle. E) bonyȱsocketȱofȱtheȱeye. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱepitheliumȱthatȱlinesȱtheȱbodyȱcavitiesȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: mesothelium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱliningȱofȱtheȱheartȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: endothelium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) ________ȱisȱtheȱfluidȱcomponentȱofȱconnectiveȱtissue. Answer: Groundȱsubstance Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱcombinationȱofȱfibersȱandȱgroundȱsubstanceȱinȱsupportingȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: matrix Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱwateryȱfluidȱcomponentȱofȱbloodȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: plasma Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Epitheliaȱandȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱcombineȱtoȱformȱ________ȱthatȱcoverȱandȱprotectȱotherȱstructuresȱandȱtissues inȱtheȱbody. Answer: bodyȱmembranes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱlooseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱcomponentȱofȱaȱmucousȱmembraneȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: laminaȱpropria Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱfunctionȱtoȱpropagateȱelectricalȱsignalsȱfromȱoneȱplaceȱtoȱanother. Answer: Neurons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱbodyȇsȱfirstȱtissueȱresponseȱtoȱanyȱinjuryȱisȱ________. Answer: inflammation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱstudyȱofȱtissuesȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: histology Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

11) Glandȱcellsȱproduceȱ________. Answer: secretions Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

12) ________ȱsupport,ȱprotect,ȱandȱnourishȱnerveȱcells. Answer: Neuroglia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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13) ________ȱsecretionsȱareȱreleasedȱbyȱtheȱglandȱcellsȱintoȱtheȱinterstitialȱspace. Answer: Endocrine Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

14) Defenseȱcellsȱinȱbloodȱareȱcalledȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellsȱorȱ________. Answer: leucocytes Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

15) Antiangiogenesisȱfactorȱisȱaȱchemicalȱproducedȱbyȱ________ȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱgrowthȱofȱbloodȱvessels. Answer: chondrocytes Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

16) Growthȱofȱcartilageȱbyȱaccumulationȱofȱmatrixȱaroundȱchondrocytesȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱgrowth. Answer: interstitial Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

17) Inȱ________ȱgrowth,ȱcartilageȱgrowsȱwiderȱorȱthickerȱinȱdiameter. Answer: appositional Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

18) Accumulationȱofȱfluidȱinȱtheȱperitonealȱcavityȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱliverȱorȱkidneyȱdisease,ȱmalnutrition,ȱorȱheart failureȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: ascites Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

19) Theȱprocessȱofȱlactationȱ(milkȱproduction)ȱdependsȱonȱbothȱmerocrineȱandȱ________ȱsecretionȱbyȱmammary glandȱepithelialȱcells. Answer: apocrine Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

20) Nameȱtwoȱcellȱtypesȱthatȱcontainȱhistamineȱandȱheparin. Answer: mastȱcellsȱandȱbasophils Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Lymphocytesȱcanȱdevelopȱintoȱcellsȱthatȱsecreteȱdefenseȱproteinsȱagainstȱdisease.ȱTheseȱcellsȱareȱtermed ________,ȱwhileȱtheseȱproteinsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: plasmocytes;ȱantibodies Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Theȱthreeȱkindsȱofȱformedȱelementsȱinȱbloodȱareȱȱ________,ȱ________,ȱandȱ________. Answer: redȱcells,ȱwhiteȱcells,ȱandȱplatelets Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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23) Identifyȱtheȱthreeȱmajorȱsubdivisionsȱofȱextracellularȱfluidȱfoundȱinȱtheȱbody. Answer: plasma,ȱinterstitialȱfluid,ȱandȱlymph Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Interstitialȱfluidȱthatȱentersȱaȱlymphaticȱvesselȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: lymph Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Anȱepithelialȱcellȱcanȱbeȱdividedȱintoȱtwoȱfunctionalȱregions.ȱTheyȱareȱtheȱ________ȱandȱtheȱ________. Answer: apicalȱsurface;ȱbasolateralȱsurface Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Aȱherniatedȱdiscȱisȱanȱinjuryȱofȱtheȱpadsȱofȱcartilageȱbetweenȱtheȱvertebraeȱinȱwhichȱtheȱcartilageȱbulgesȱfrom normalȱposition.ȱWhatȱtypeȱofȱcartilageȱisȱaffected? Answer: fibrousȱcartilage Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

27) Matchȱtheȱepithelium,ȱlistedȱonȱtheȱleft,ȱwithȱtheȱorganȱwhereȱitȱisȱfound. 1.ȱ Simpleȱcuboidalȱepithelium 2.ȱ Stratifiedȱsquamousȱepithelium 3.ȱ Transitionalȱepithelium

A) ureters B) thyroidȱgland C) tongue

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Allȱfourȱtypesȱofȱbodyȱtissueȱareȱfoundȱinȱaȱskeletalȱmuscle. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱbodyȇsȱmostȱdelicateȱtypeȱofȱepitheliumȱisȱtheȱsquamousȱepithelium. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Whatȱtypeȱofȱepitheliumȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱfindȱliningȱtheȱalveoliȱ(airȱsacs)ȱinȱtheȱlungs? Answer: Sinceȱairȱmustȱdiffuseȱfromȱtheȱalveoliȱintoȱtheȱbloodstream,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱfindȱveryȱthinȱcells,ȱor squamousȱepithelium.ȱThickerȱtypesȱofȱepithelialȱcellsȱwouldȱslowȱtheȱprocessȱofȱgasȱdiffusionȱtoȱand fromȱtheȱblood. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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2) AnalysisȱofȱaȱglandularȱsecretionȱindicatesȱthatȱitȱcontainsȱsomeȱDNA,ȱRNA,ȱandȱmembraneȱcomponentsȱsuch asȱphospholipids.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱsecretionȱisȱthisȱandȱwhy? Answer: TheȱpresenceȱofȱDNA,ȱRNA,ȱandȱmembraneȱcomponentsȱsuggestȱthatȱtheȱcellȱwasȱdestroyedȱduringȱthe processȱofȱsecretion.ȱThisȱisȱconsistentȱwithȱaȱholocrineȱtypeȱofȱsecretion. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Compareȱtheȱthreeȱtypesȱofȱmuscleȱtissue.ȱListȱthreeȱsimilaritiesȱandȱthreeȱdifferencesȱamongȱthem. Answer: Similarities:ȱAllȱhaveȱcontractileȱproteins;ȱskeletalȱandȱcardiacȱhaveȱstriations;ȱcardiacȱandȱsmoothȱare involuntary;ȱcardiacȱandȱsmoothȱareȱuninucleate. Differences:ȱSkeletalȱisȱvoluntary;ȱcardiacȱhasȱintercalatedȱdiscs;ȱsmoothȱisȱnonstriated;ȱskeletalȱis multinucleate. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Cartilageȱhealsȱpoorlyȱandȱinȱmanyȱinstancesȱdoesȱnotȱhealȱorȱrecoverȱatȱallȱafterȱaȱsevereȱinjury.ȱWhyȱnot? Answer: Cartilageȱlacksȱbloodȱvessels,ȱbecauseȱchondrocytesȱproduceȱaȱsubstanceȱthatȱinhibitsȱtheȱformationȱof bloodȱvessels.ȱThisȱlimitsȱnutrientȱandȱoxygenȱdelivery.ȱFurthermore,ȱadultȱchondrocytesȱareȱterminally differentiatedȱandȱcanȇtȱdivide.ȱBothȱavascularityȱandȱlackȱofȱcellȱdivisionȱcombineȱtoȱminimizeȱcartilage healing. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whyȱisȱcardiacȱmuscleȱtissueȱthatȱhasȱbeenȱdamagedȱbyȱinjuryȱorȱdiseaseȱincapableȱofȱregeneration? Answer: Cardiacȱmuscleȱcanȇtȱregenerateȱbecauseȱitȱcontainsȱnoȱstemȱcellsȱ(satelliteȱcells).ȱSinceȱmatureȱcardiac muscleȱcellsȱcanȇtȱdivide,ȱthereȱisȱnoȱbasisȱforȱtissueȱregeneration. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

6) Aȱbiologyȱstudentȱaccidentallyȱlosesȱtheȱlabelsȱofȱtwoȱpreparedȱslidesȱsheȱisȱstudying.ȱOneȱisȱaȱslideȱofȱan intestine,ȱtheȱotherȱofȱanȱesophagus.ȱYouȱvolunteerȱtoȱhelpȱherȱsortȱthemȱout.ȱHowȱwouldȱyouȱdecideȱwhich slideȱisȱwhich? Answer: Becauseȱanimalȱintestineȱisȱmodifiedȱforȱabsorption,ȱyouȱwouldȱlookȱforȱaȱslideȱthatȱshowsȱaȱsingleȱlayer ofȱepitheliumȱliningȱtheȱcavity.ȱTheȱcellsȱwouldȱbeȱcuboidalȱorȱcolumnarȱandȱwouldȱprobablyȱhave microvilliȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱtoȱincreaseȱsurfaceȱarea.ȱBecauseȱtheȱesophagusȱreceivesȱundigestedȱfood,ȱit wouldȱhaveȱaȱstratifiedȱepitheliumȱconsistingȱofȱsquamousȱcellsȱtoȱprotectȱit. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

7) Whatȱisȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱneuronsȱandȱneuroglia? Answer: Neuronsȱareȱspecializedȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱchemicalȱandȱelectricalȱsignalsȱandȱcommunicateȱbyȱpropagating anȱelectricȱimpulseȱalongȱtheirȱaxon.ȱNeurogliaȱareȱaȱdiverseȱgroupȱofȱcellȱtypesȱwithinȱneuralȱtissueȱthat support,ȱnourish,ȱandȱprotectȱneurons. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

8) Duringȱtheȱinflammatoryȱprocess,ȱbloodȱvesselsȱdilate.ȱWhatȱdoesȱthisȱaccomplish? Answer: Itȱallowsȱforȱincreasedȱbloodȱflowȱforȱdeliveryȱofȱnutrients,ȱoxygen,ȱandȱdefenseȱcellsȱandȱproteinsȱand forȱtheȱremovalȱofȱwasteȱproductsȱandȱdebrisȱfromȱtheȱsiteȱofȱinjury. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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9) Harrietȱhadȱliposuctionȱseveralȱyearsȱago,ȱbutȱhasȱsinceȱgainedȱbackȱallȱtheȱweightȱlostȱthroughȱtheȱprocedure. Sheȱdoesȱnotȱunderstandȱherȱweightȱgainȱbecauseȱadipocytesȱareȱincapableȱofȱdividing.ȱProvideȱaȱplausible explanation. Answer: Whileȱitȱisȱtrueȱthatȱadipocytesȱdoȱnotȱdivideȱandȱtheȱnumberȱofȱfatȱcellsȱinȱperipheralȱtissuesȱisȱlimited, mesenchymalȱcellsȱcanȱdivideȱandȱgiveȱriseȱtoȱcellsȱthatȱdifferentiateȱintoȱfatȱcells.ȱThus,ȱareolar connectiveȱtissueȱcanȱbecomeȱadiposeȱtissueȱinȱtimesȱofȱnutritionalȱexcess.ȱAlongȱwithȱthis,ȱtheȱfatȱcells thatȱremainȱafterȱsurgeryȱcanȱenlargeȱbyȱstoringȱmoreȱtriglycerideȱifȱtheȱpatientȱcontinuesȱtoȱovereat. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

10) Whichȱisȱlikelyȱtoȱhealȱfaster,ȱaȱboneȱinjuryȱorȱaȱcartilageȱinjury?ȱWhy? Answer: Boneȱinjuriesȱhealȱrelativelyȱquicklyȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱgoodȱnutrientȱsupplyȱbyȱwayȱofȱnearbyȱbloodȱvessels andȱtheȱcanaliculi,ȱwhereasȱcartilageȱisȱsuppliedȱnutrientsȱviaȱdiffusionȱfromȱtheȱoutside,ȱaȱfarȱslower process. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

11) Explainȱwhyȱsunburnedȱskinȱpeelsȱratherȱthanȱbeingȱshedȱasȱaȱpowder. Answer: Theȱabundantȱdesmosomesȱbetweenȱcellsȱinȱtheȱsuperficialȱlayersȱofȱtheȱskinȱholdȱtheȱcellsȱtogetherȱasȱa sheetȱinsteadȱofȱlooselyȱorganizedȱcells. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

12) Indicateȱanȱadvantageȱforȱhavingȱsimpleȱratherȱthanȱstratifiedȱepitheliumȱliningȱtheȱgas-exchangeȱsurfacesȱof theȱlungs. Answer: Theȱepitheliaȱareȱthin,ȱkeepingȱdiffusionȱdistanceȱbetweenȱbloodȱandȱairspacesȱtoȱaȱminimum.ȱThis speedsȱgasȱexchangeȱacrossȱtheȱlayers. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Chapterȱ5 TheȱIntegumentaryȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱintegumentaryȱsystem,ȱ exceptȱ A) protectionȱofȱunderlyingȱtissue. B) excretionȱofȱsaltsȱandȱwastes. C) maintenanceȱofȱbodyȱtemperature. D) synthesisȱofȱvitaminȱC. E) provisionȱofȱsensation. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱtwoȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱintegumentaryȱsystemȱareȱthe A) epidermisȱandȱdermis. B) cutaneousȱmembraneȱandȱhypodermis. C) cutaneousȱmembraneȱandȱaccessoryȱstructures. D) integumentȱandȱhypodermis. E) epidermisȱandȱsuperficialȱfascia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Accessoryȱstructuresȱofȱtheȱskinȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) hairȱfollicles. B) sebaceousȱglands. C) sweatȱglands. D) epidermis. E) nails. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱtypeȱofȱcellsȱthatȱformȱtheȱstrataȱinȱtheȱepidermisȱare A) adipocytes. B) keratinocytes. C) fibroblasts. D) melanocytes. E) dendriticȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱlayerȱofȱdividingȱcellsȱatȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱepidermisȱisȱthe A) stratumȱcorneum. B) stratumȱlucidum. C) stratumȱgerminativum. D) stratumȱgranulosum. E) stratumȱspinosum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) TheȱtoughȱȈhornyȈȱsuperficialȱlayerȱofȱtheȱepidermisȱisȱknownȱasȱthe A) stratumȱcorneum. B) stratumȱlucidum. C) stratumȱgerminativum. D) stratumȱgranulosum. E) stratumȱspinosum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Largeȱquantitiesȱofȱkeratinȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱepidermalȱlayerȱcalledȱthe A) stratumȱcorneum. B) stratumȱlucidum. C) stratumȱgerminativum. D) stratumȱgranulosum. E) stratumȱspinosum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Waterȱlossȱdueȱtoȱevaporationȱofȱfluidȱthatȱhasȱpenetratedȱthroughȱtheȱskinȱisȱtermedȱ________ȱperspiration. A) sensible B) insensible C) latent D) active E) inactive Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱepidermisȱthatȱcontainsȱabundantȱdesmosomesȱisȱthe A) stratumȱcorneum. B) stratumȱlucidum. C) stratumȱgerminativum. D) stratumȱgranulosum. E) stratumȱspinosum. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Anȱalbinoȱindividualȱlacksȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱproduce A) melanin. B) keratin. C) carotene. D) perspiration. E) eleidin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱeffectȱofȱultravioletȱradiation? A) increasedȱactivityȱbyȱmelanocytes B) productionȱofȱcholecalciferolȱwithinȱepidermalȱcells C) wrinkles D) chromosomalȱdamageȱinȱgerminativeȱcellsȱorȱmelanocytes E) vitiligo Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱpigmentȱmelanin,ȱexcept thatȱit A) decreasesȱinȱconcentrationȱwithinȱcellsȱduringȱexposureȱtoȱtheȱsun. B) isȱusuallyȱsomeȱshadeȱofȱbrownȱorȱblack. C) protectsȱDNAȱfromȱtheȱdamagingȱeffectsȱofȱUVȱradiation. D) increasesȱwithȱincreasedȱlevelsȱofȱtheȱhormoneȱMSH. E) isȱproducedȱbyȱcellsȱcalledȱmelanocytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱskinȱthatȱcontainsȱtheȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱnervesȱthatȱareȱclosestȱtoȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskinȱisȱthe ________ȱlayer. A) papillary B) reticular C) epidermal D) subcutaneous E) hypodermal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱskinȱthatȱcontainsȱbundlesȱofȱcollagenȱandȱelasticȱfibersȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱstrengthȱofȱtheȱskin isȱtheȱ________ȱlayer. A) papillary B) reticular C) epidermal D) subcutaneous E) hypodermal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱsubcutaneousȱlayer,ȱexcept it A) containsȱmanyȱbloodȱvessels. B) permitsȱindependentȱmovementȱofȱdeeperȱstructures. C) containsȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱadiposeȱtissue. D) isȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱdermisȱbyȱaȱbasementȱmembrane. E) isȱwellȱsuppliedȱwithȱnervesȱthatȱpassȱintoȱtheȱskin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱlayerȱofȱhardȱkeratinȱthatȱcoatsȱtheȱhairȱisȱtermedȱthe A) medulla. B) cuticle. C) hairȱbulb. D) root. E) shaft. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Variationsȱinȱhairȱcolorȱreflectȱdifferencesȱinȱtheȱpigmentȱproducedȱby A) keratinocytes. B) melanocytes. C) dermalȱpapillae. D) softȱkeratin. E) caroteneȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Glandsȱthatȱdischargeȱanȱoilyȱsecretionȱintoȱhairȱfolliclesȱareȱ________ȱglands. A) ceruminous B) apocrineȱsweat C) merocrineȱsweat D) sebaceous E) mammary Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱ________ȱglandsȱinȱtheȱaxillaȱbecomeȱactiveȱatȱtheȱtimeȱofȱpuberty. A) ceruminous B) apocrineȱsweat C) merocrineȱsweat D) sebaceous E) axillary Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Sensibleȱperspirationȱisȱproducedȱbyȱ________ȱglands. A) ceruminous B) apocrineȱsweat C) merocrineȱsweat D) sebaceous E) mammary Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Earwaxȱisȱproducedȱbyȱȱ________ȱglands. A) sebaceous B) apocrineȱsweat C) merocrineȱsweat D) ceruminous E) eccrineȱsweat Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱhighestȱconcentrationȱofȱmerocrineȱsweatȱglandsȱisȱfound A) inȱtheȱaxillae. B) onȱtheȱchest. C) onȱtheȱpalmsȱofȱtheȱhands. D) onȱtheȱupperȱback. E) surroundingȱtheȱgenitals. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱperspirationȱproducedȱbyȱmerocrineȱsweatȱglands,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) isȱmoreȱthanȱ99ȱpercentȱwater. B) containsȱelectrolytesȱandȱwasteȱproducts. C) helpsȱcoolȱtheȱbodyȱwhenȱitȱevaporates. D) helpsȱtoȱpreventȱbacteriaȱfromȱcolonizingȱtheȱskin. E) producesȱtheȱbodyȱodorȱcharacteristicȱofȱȈsweating.Ȉ Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Merocrineȱsweatȱcontainsȱ________ȱtoȱprotectȱagainstȱbacteria. A) metabolicȱwastes B) water C) penicillin D) dermicidin E) organicȱnutrients Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Ricketsȱcanȱbeȱpreventedȱby A) adequateȱsunlight. B) dietaryȱintakeȱofȱcholecalciferol. C) avoidingȱsunlight. D) AȱorȱB E) BȱorȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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26) Theȱnailȱbodyȱcoversȱthe A) nailȱroot. B) nailȱbed. C) lunula. D) freeȱedge. E) hyponychium. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Nailȱproductionȱoccursȱatȱtheȱnail A) body. B) bed. C) root. D) cuticle. E) hyponychium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Atȱtheȱbaseȱofȱaȱnail,ȱkeratinizedȱskinȱcalledȱtheȱcuticleȱisȱalsoȱcalledȱthe A) eponychium. B) lunula. C) hyponychium. D) cerumen. E) phalanx. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Aȱchildȱwhoȱskinsȱhisȱkneeȱinȱaȱfallȱhasȱa(n) A) abrasion. B) laceration. C) puncture. D) incision. E) contusion. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱskinȱthatȱprovidesȱaȱbarrierȱagainstȱbacteriaȱasȱwellȱasȱchemicalȱandȱmechanicalȱinjuriesȱisȱthe A) dermis. B) subcutaneousȱlayer. C) epidermis. D) stratumȱcorneum. E) sebumȱlayer. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Inȱaȱpenetratingȱwound,ȱ________ȱdivideȱtoȱproduceȱmobileȱcellsȱthatȱrepairȱtheȱdermis. A) granulationȱcells B) dendriticȱcells C) macrophages D) fibroblasts E) muscleȱcells Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱrepairȱofȱtheȱepidermisȱafterȱaȱwoundȱbeginsȱasȱbasalȱcellsȱproduceȱnew A) elasticȱfibers. B) collagenȱfibers. C) reticularȱfibers. D) denseȱconnectiveȱtissue. E) keratinocytes. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱeffectsȱofȱagingȱonȱtheȱskinȱinclude A) aȱdeclineȱinȱtheȱactivityȱofȱsebaceousȱglands. B) increasedȱproductionȱofȱvitaminȱD. C) thickeningȱofȱtheȱepidermis. D) anȱincreasedȱbloodȱsupplyȱtoȱtheȱdermis. E) anȱincreasedȱnumberȱofȱsweatȱglands. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Anȱimportantȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱformedȱinȱtheȱskinȱwhenȱitȱisȱexposedȱtoȱsunlightȱis A) vitaminȱA. B) vitaminȱB. C) vitaminȱC. D) vitaminȱD. E) vitaminȱE. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱepidermalȱridges,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) extendȱintoȱtheȱdermis. B) containȱincreasedȱnumbersȱofȱfreeȱnerveȱendings. C) causeȱridgeȱpatternsȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. D) produceȱpatternsȱthatȱareȱdeterminedȱgenetically. E) interconnectȱwithȱtheȱdermalȱpapillae. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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36) ________ȱareȱcellsȱinȱtheȱepidermisȱthatȱareȱpartȱofȱtheȱimmuneȱsystem. A) Dendriticȱcells B) Basalȱcells C) Merkelȱcells D) Squamousȱcells E) Melanocytes Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

37) VitaminȱD3 ȱformedȱwithinȱtheȱskinȱhasȱallȱofȱtheseȱeffectsȱonȱotherȱorganȱsystems,ȱ exceptȱthatȱit A) isȱessentialȱforȱabsorptionȱofȱcalciumȱandȱphosphorusȱbyȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem. B) functionsȱasȱaȱprecursorȱforȱtheȱhormoneȱcalcitriolȱinȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem. C) isȱessentialȱforȱboneȱmaintenanceȱandȱgrowthȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱsystem. D) functionsȱinȱtheȱactivationȱofȱinnominateȱcellsȱbyȱtheȱlymphaticȱsystem. E) isȱessentialȱforȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱofȱtheȱmuscularȱsystem. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

38) Whenȱtheȱarrectorȱpiliȱmusclesȱcontract, A) ȈgooseȱbumpsȈȱareȱformed. B) hairsȱareȱshed. C) sweatȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱsweatȱglands. D) shiveringȱoccurs. E) theȱskinȱchangesȱcolor. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

39) Epidermalȱgrowthȱfactorȱexertsȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱeffectsȱonȱtheȱepidermis? A) promotesȱcellȱdivision B) stimulatesȱkeratinȱsynthesis C) acceleratesȱtissueȱrepair D) speedsȱupȱglandularȱfunction E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱtypeȱofȱburnȱthatȱmayȱrequireȱaȱskinȱgraftȱisȱa A) first-degreeȱburn. B) second-degreeȱburn. C) full-thicknessȱburn. D) partial-thicknessȱburn. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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41) Ifȱaȱfair-skinnedȱpersonȱisȱsunburned,ȱwhyȱdoesȱhisȱorȱherȱskinȱturnȱred? A) Theȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱskinȱincreases. B) Theȱnumberȱofȱredȱmelanocytesȱinȱtheȱskinȱincreases. C) Melanocytesȱincreaseȱproductionȱofȱredȱpigments. D) Theȱbloodȱsupplyȱtoȱtheȱskinȱdecreases. E) Increasedȱheatȱcausesȱtheȱskinȱtoȱturnȱred. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

42) Stretchȱmarksȱoccurȱwhen A) theȱskinȱisȱstretchedȱinȱnormalȱmovements. B) surgicalȱincisionsȱareȱmadeȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱskinȇsȱlinesȱofȱcleavage. C) theȱskinȱisȱsoȱextensivelyȱstretchedȱthatȱitsȱelasticȱlimitsȱareȱexceeded. D) athletesȱoverextendȱaȱmuscle. E) theȱhairȱfolliclesȱceaseȱtoȱproduceȱhairs. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

43) Ifȱtheȱpapillaȱofȱaȱhairȱfollicleȱisȱdestroyed, A) theȱhairȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱfollicleȱwillȱchangeȱfromȱterminalȱtoȱvellus. B) theȱcolorȱofȱtheȱhairȱwillȱbecomeȱlighter. C) theȱtextureȱofȱtheȱhairȱwillȱbecomeȱcoarser. D) theȱfollicleȱwillȱloseȱitsȱbloodȱsupply. E) hairȱproductionȱwillȱnotȱbeȱaffected. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

44) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱhairȱisȱtrue,ȱexcept one.ȱIdentifyȱtheȱexception. A) Theȱmedullaȱisȱtheȱsoftȱcoreȱofȱtheȱhair. B) Theȱcortexȱofȱtheȱhairȱisȱcomposedȱofȱhardȱkeratin. C) Terminalȱhairsȱareȱheavyȱandȱmoreȱdarklyȱpigmentedȱthanȱotherȱtypesȱofȱhair. D) Clubȱhairȱisȱhairȱthatȱhasȱceasedȱgrowing. E) Scalpȱhairsȱgrowȱconstantlyȱthroughoutȱlife. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

45) Whenȱtheȱhairȱfolliclesȱofȱtheȱscalpȱshiftȱfromȱproducingȱterminalȱhairsȱtoȱproducingȱclubȱhairs,ȱ________ occurs. A) baldness B) hirsutism C) puberty D) albinism E) senility Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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46) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱsebaceousȱglandsȱandȱsebumȱisȱtrue,ȱexceptȱone.ȱIdentifyȱthe exception. A) Mostȱsebaceousȱglandsȱareȱcoiledȱtubularȱglands. B) Mostȱsebaceousȱglandsȱopenȱintoȱhairȱfollicles. C) Sebumȱfunctionsȱtoȱlubricateȱtheȱhairȱandȱskin. D) Sebumȱcanȱfunctionȱasȱanȱantibiotic. E) Acneȱinvolvesȱinflammationȱofȱsebaceousȱglands. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

47) Merocrineȱsweatȱglands A) areȱcompoundȱalveolarȱglands. B) produceȱorganicȱsecretionsȱthatȱareȱmetabolizedȱbyȱbacteriaȱtoȱproduceȱbodyȱodor. C) secreteȱaȱwateryȱfluidȱdirectlyȱontoȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin. D) increaseȱinȱnumberȱandȱactivityȱwithȱaging. E) primarilyȱfunctionȱinȱlubricatingȱtheȱhairs. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

48) Skinȱcanȱregenerateȱeffectivelyȱevenȱafterȱconsiderableȱdamageȱhasȱoccurredȱbecause A) theȱepidermisȱofȱtheȱskinȱhasȱaȱrichȱsupplyȱofȱsmallȱbloodȱvessels. B) stemȱcellsȱpersistȱinȱbothȱepithelialȱandȱconnective-tissueȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱskinȱevenȱafterȱinjury. C) fibroblastsȱinȱtheȱdermisȱcanȱgiveȱriseȱtoȱnewȱgerminalȱcellsȱinȱtheȱepidermis. D) contractionȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱinjuryȱbringsȱcellsȱofȱadjacentȱstrataȱtogether. E) cellsȱofȱtheȱstratumȱgerminativumȱcannotȱmigrateȱtoȱotherȱpositionsȱinȱtheȱskin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Theȱfollowingȱareȱstagesȱinȱtheȱregenerationȱofȱskinȱfollowingȱanȱinjury.ȱ 1.ȱbloodȱclot/scabȱformation 2.ȱcellularȱmigration 3.ȱepidermisȱcoversȱgranulationȱtissue 4.ȱepidermisȱcoversȱscarȱtissue Theȱcorrectȱorderȱforȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 1,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ4. B) 4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ1. C) 4,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ2. D) 3,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ2. E) 2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ3. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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50) Scarȱtissueȱisȱtheȱresultȱof A) largeȱnumbersȱofȱcollagenȱfibersȱandȱrelativelyȱfewȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱinjuredȱarea. B) increasedȱnumbersȱofȱepidermalȱlayersȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱinjury. C) aȱthickenedȱstratumȱgerminativumȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱinjury. D) increasedȱnumbersȱofȱfibroblastsȱinȱtheȱinjuredȱarea. E) aȱlackȱofȱsebaceousȱglandsȱinȱtheȱinjuredȱarea. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

51) Wrinklesȱinȱelderlyȱindividualsȱareȱtheȱresultȱof A) increasedȱproductionȱofȱepidermis. B) lossȱofȱelasticȱfilamentsȱinȱtheȱreticularȱlayerȱofȱtheȱdermis. C) increasedȱkeratinizationȱofȱtheȱepidermis. D) theȱlossȱofȱglandsȱandȱhairȱfolliclesȱfromȱtheȱskin. E) decreasedȱthicknessȱofȱtheȱdermis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Whyȱwouldȱanȱelderlyȱpersonȱbeȱmoreȱproneȱtoȱskinȱinfectionsȱthanȱaȱyoungerȱperson? A) Skinȱrepairsȱtakeȱlongerȱinȱtheȱelderly. B) Theȱepidermisȱisȱthickerȱinȱtheȱelderly. C) Thereȱareȱfewerȱdendriticȱcellsȱinȱtheȱskinȱofȱtheȱelderly. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

53) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhappensȱifȱbodyȱtemperatureȱrisesȱaboveȱnormal? A) Circulationȱinȱtheȱskinȱdecreases. B) Sweatȱglandȱactivityȱdecreases. C) Evaporativeȱcoolingȱstops. D) Bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱskinȱincreases. E) Theȱactivityȱofȱmelanocytesȱincreases. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) Theȱproteinȱthatȱpermitsȱstretchingȱandȱrecoilingȱofȱtheȱskinȱis A) collagen. B) melanin. C) keratin. D) elastin. E) carotene. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Theȱprimaryȱpigmentsȱcontainedȱinȱtheȱepidermisȱare A) caroteneȱandȱxanthophyll. B) caroteneȱandȱmelanin. C) melaninȱandȱchlorophyll. D) xanthophyllȱandȱmelanin. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Thinȱskinȱcontainsȱ________ȱlayer(s)ȱofȱkeratinocytes,ȱandȱthickȱskinȱcontainsȱ________ȱlayers. A) 1;ȱ2 B) 2;ȱ3 C) 3;ȱ4 D) 4;ȱ5 E) 5;ȱ6 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Characteristicsȱofȱtheȱepidermisȱinclude A) multilayered. B) flexible. C) self-repairing. D) servingȱasȱUVȱradiationȱprotection. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Typesȱofȱskinȱcancersȱinclude A) squamousȱcellȱcarcinoma. B) malignantȱmelanoma. C) basalȱcellȱcarcinoma. D) actinicȱkeratosis. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Cyanosisȱsignifiesȱthatȱaȱpatient A) hasȱhadȱtooȱmuchȱsun. B) hasȱbeenȱkeptȱoutȱofȱtheȱsun. C) hasȱanȱallergicȱreaction. D) hasȱoxygen-starvedȱskin. E) hasȱbeenȱexposedȱtoȱcyanide. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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60) Jaundiceȱisȱindicatedȱby A) aȱreddishȱskinȱcoloration. B) aȱyellowishȱskinȱcoloration. C) anȱorangeȱskinȱcoloration. D) aȱbluishȱskinȱcoloration. E) aȱbrownȱskinȱcoloration. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

61) Skinȱinflammationȱthatȱprimarilyȱinvolvesȱtheȱpapillaryȱlayerȱisȱtermed A) papillitis. B) dermatitis. C) epidermatitis. D) superficialis. E) melanocytis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Whileȱassessingȱaȱpatient,ȱyouȱdiscoverȱthatȱafterȱpinchingȱtheȱskinȱonȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱhand,ȱitȱremainsȱpeaked. Thisȱisȱaȱsignȱof A) hydrationȱintoxication. B) waterȱintoxication. C) dehydration. D) advancedȱskinȱcancer. E) malfunctioningȱelastin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Aȱsurgicalȱincisionȱparallelȱtoȱtheȱlinesȱofȱcleavage A) closesȱandȱhealsȱwithȱrelativelyȱlittleȱscarring. B) hasȱaȱtendencyȱtoȱreopen. C) healsȱslowerȱthanȱincisionsȱmadeȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱlinesȱofȱcleavage. D) doesȱnotȱaffectȱtheȱhealingȱprocess. E) requiresȱnoȱsutures. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Treatmentȱofȱfull-thicknessȱburnsȱincludesȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) replaceȱfluids B) increaseȱcaloricȱintake C) preventȱinfection D) assistȱtissueȱrepair E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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65) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱricketsȱisȱnot true? A) isȱusuallyȱgenetic B) leadsȱtoȱweakȱbones C) leadsȱtoȱskeletalȱdeformity D) preventedȱbyȱvitaminȱD E) preventedȱbyȱsunlight Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

66) Lanugoȱisȱfound A) onȱaȱfetus. B) onȱtheȱscalp. C) onȱtheȱpalmsȱofȱtheȱhands. D) onȱtheȱsolesȱofȱtheȱfeet. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Aȱcommonȱcauseȱofȱdandruffȱis A) inflammationȱaroundȱsebaceousȱglands. B) lackȱofȱsebaceousȱglands. C) tooȱmanyȱsebaceousȱglands. D) inactiveȱapocrineȱglands. E) inactiveȱeccrineȱglands. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) ________ȱsweatȱglandsȱareȱwidelyȱdistributedȱacrossȱtheȱbodyȱsurface,ȱ________ȱglandsȱareȱlocatedȱwherever hairȱfolliclesȱexist,ȱandȱ________ȱsweatȱglandsȱareȱfoundȱonlyȱinȱaȱfewȱareas. A) Sebaceous;ȱmerocrine;ȱapocrine B) Apocrine;ȱmerocrine;ȱsebaceous C) Merocrine;ȱsebaceous;ȱapocrine D) Merocrine;ȱapocrine;ȱsebaceous E) Apocrine;ȱsebaceous;ȱmerocrine Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Waterȱlossȱfromȱinsensibleȱperspiration A) isȱnegligible. B) isȱtooȱsmallȱtoȱbeȱmeasuredȱreliably. C) isȱapproximatelyȱ0.5ȱliterȱaȱday. D) alwaysȱexceedsȱsensibleȱperspiration. E) dependsȱonȱapocrineȱsweatȱglands. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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70) Granulationȱtissueȱisȱcomposedȱof A) clottedȱblood. B) anȱextensiveȱcapillaryȱnetwork. C) fibroblasts. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Theȱ________ȱinȱkeratinocytesȱprotectsȱtheȱepidermisȱandȱdermisȱfromȱtheȱharmfulȱeffectsȱofȱsunlight. A) sebum B) hemoglobin C) melanin D) carotene E) keratin Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Whileȱwalkingȱbarefootȱonȱtheȱbeach,ȱJoeȱsteppedȱonȱaȱthornȱthatȱpenetratedȱthroughȱtheȱsoleȱofȱhisȱfootȱtoȱthe dermis.ȱHowȱmanyȱlayersȱofȱepidermisȱdidȱtheȱthornȱpenetrate? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

73) Charlieȱisȱbadlyȱburnedȱinȱanȱaccident.ȱWhenȱheȱreachesȱtheȱemergencyȱroom,ȱtheȱexaminingȱphysicianȱfinds thatȱheȱcanȱremoveȱentireȱhairȱfolliclesȱfromȱCharlieȇsȱarmȱwhenȱheȱgentlyȱpullsȱonȱaȱhairȱwithȱhisȱforceps. Charlieȱisȱsufferingȱfromȱa(n) A) first-degreeȱburn. B) second-degreeȱburn. C) third-degreeȱburn. D) partial-thicknessȱburn. E) epidermalȱburn. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

74) Aȱfull-thicknessȱburnȱinjuryȱcanȱbeȱlifeȱthreatening.ȱAȱphysicianȱtreatingȱaȱburnȱvictimȱwouldȱlikelyȱorderȱallȱof theȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) IVȱ(intravenous)ȱfluidsȱandȱelectrolytes. B) iceȱpacksȱappliedȱtoȱtheȱburnȱarea. C) aȱhigh-calorieȱdiet. D) skinȱgrafts. E) antibiotics. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ5- 1ȱȱTheȱComponentsȱofȱtheȱIntegumentaryȱSystem UseȱFigureȱ5- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestion(s): 75) Fromȱwhatȱstructureȱdoesȱsensibleȱperspirationȱoccur? A) 6 B) 7 C) 8 D) 9 E) 10 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Anȱintradermalȱinjectionȱisȱadministeredȱintoȱwhichȱlayer? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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77) Whichȱlayerȱisȱtheȱprimaryȱbarrierȱagainstȱenvironmentalȱhazards? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) WhichȱtissueȱisȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱregionȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉ? A) stratifiedȱsquamousȱepithelium B) areolarȱconnectiveȱtissue C) adiposeȱtissue D) cartilageȱandȱblood E) reticularȱconnectiveȱtissues Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Whichȱlayerȱcontainsȱmostȱofȱtheȱepidermalȱderivatives? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Inȱtheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱerythema,ȱtheȱskinȱtakesȱonȱa(n)ȱ________ȱcolor. Answer: reddish Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) ________ȱisȱaȱpigmentȱfoundȱinȱvegetablesȱthatȱcanȱmakeȱtheȱskinȱappearȱorangeȱorȱyellow. Answer: Carotene Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Hairsȱareȱproducedȱwithinȱorgansȱcalledȱ________. Answer: hairȱfollicles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) ________ȱareȱfineȱhairsȱ(likeȱȈvelvetȈ)ȱthatȱlackȱpigmentȱandȱcoverȱmuchȱofȱtheȱbodyȱsurface. Answer: Vellusȱhairs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) ________ȱareȱcoarseȱpigmentedȱhairs. Answer: Terminalȱhairs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱsubstanceȱcalledȱsebumȱisȱcommonlyȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: skinȱoil Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Aȱdeficiencyȱdiseaseȱthatȱillustratesȱtheȱeffectȱofȱintegumentaryȱsystemȱfunctionȱonȱtheȱstructureȱofȱtheȱskeletal systemȱisȱ________. Answer: rickets Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

8) Aȱthickenedȱareaȱofȱscarȱtissueȱthatȱisȱcoveredȱbyȱaȱshiny,ȱsmoothȱepidermalȱsurfaceȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: keloid Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Aȱfibrinȱclotȱthatȱisȱformedȱoverȱaȱskinȱwoundȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: scab Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱcombinationȱofȱfibrinȱclot,ȱfibroblasts,ȱandȱextensiveȱcapillaryȱnetworkȱthatȱisȱformedȱinȱinjuredȱskinȱis calledȱ________. Answer: granulationȱtissue Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) ________ȱmayȱbeȱrequiredȱifȱepithelialȱcellȱmigrationȱcannotȱcoverȱaȱwound. Answer: Skinȱgrafts Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Rapidȱwaterȱlossȱfromȱburnedȱskinȱisȱanȱextremeȱformȱofȱ________ȱperspiration. Answer: insensible Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) Theȱdrugȱ________ȱincreasesȱdermalȱbloodȱflowȱandȱmakesȱtheȱskinȱred. Answer: tretinoinȱ(Retin-A) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

14) Theȱskinȱappearanceȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱdark-redȱhemoglobinȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: cyanosis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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15) ________ȱareȱaccumulationsȱofȱfluidȱwithinȱtheȱepidermisȱorȱbetweenȱtheȱepidermisȱandȱtheȱdermis. Answer: Blisters Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

16) Aȱbacterialȱinfectionȱthatȱisȱoftenȱfatalȱinȱburnȱpatientsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: sepsis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

17) Matchȱtheȱtermȱonȱtheȱleftȱwithȱitsȱkeyȱcharacteristicȱonȱtheȱright. 1. stratumȱgerminativum 2.ȱ stratumȱspinosum 3.ȱ stratumȱgranulosum 4.ȱ stratumȱlucidum 5.ȱ stratumȱcorneum

A) containsȱabundantȱkeratohyalin B)ȱ innermostȱepidermalȱlayer C) ȱcoversȱtheȱstratumȱgranulosum D) locatedȱatȱtheȱexposedȱsurfaceȱof bothȱthickȱandȱthinȱskin E) containsȱplentifulȱdesmosomes

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-E;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-C;ȱ5-D. Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) FourȱsignsȱusefulȱforȱdeterminingȱifȱaȱsuspiciousȱmarkȱonȱtheȱskinȱisȱmelanomaȱfollowȱtheȱABCDȱmnemonic. Identifyȱwhatȱeachȱletterȱabbreviates. Answer: Aȱisȱasymmetry;ȱBȱisȱborder;ȱCȱisȱcolor;ȱandȱDȱisȱdiameter. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱmostȱdangerousȱtypeȱofȱskinȱcancerȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: malignantȱmelanoma Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Provideȱoneȱbeneficialȱeffectȱofȱexposureȱtoȱultravioletȱ(UV)ȱradiation. Answer: ItȱstimulatesȱsynthesisȱofȱvitaminȱD 3 . Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

21) AȱbruiseȱturnsȱȈblackȱandȱblueȈȱbecauseȱofȱ________ȱinȱtheȱdermis. Answer: brokenȱbloodȱvessels Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Melaninȱisȱproducedȱbyȱmelanocytesȱwithinȱtheȱstratumȱ________. Answer: germinativum Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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EssayȱQuestions 1) Inȱaȱconditionȱknownȱasȱsunstroke,ȱtheȱvictimȱappearsȱflushed,ȱtheȱskinȱisȱwarmȱandȱdry,ȱandȱtheȱbody temperatureȱrisesȱdramatically.ȱExplainȱtheseȱobservationsȱbasedȱonȱwhatȱyouȱknowȱconcerningȱtheȱroleȱofȱthe skinȱinȱthermoregulation. Answer: Whenȱtheȱbodyȱtemperatureȱincreases,ȱmoreȱbloodȱflowȱisȱdirectedȱtoȱtheȱvesselsȱofȱtheȱskin.ȱTheȱred cellsȱinȱtheȱbloodȱgiveȱtheȱskinȱaȱredder-than-usualȱcolorȱandȱaccountȱforȱtheȱvictimȇsȱflushed appearance.ȱTheȱskinȱisȱdryȱbecauseȱtheȱsweatȱglandsȱareȱnotȱproducingȱsweatȱ(avoidsȱfurther dehydration).ȱWithoutȱevaporationȱcooling,ȱnotȱenoughȱheatȱisȱdissipatedȱfromȱtheȱskin,ȱtheȱskinȱis warm,ȱandȱtheȱbodyȱtemperatureȱrises.ȱȱThisȱsituationȱrepresentsȱ positiveȱfeedbackȱoperatingȱinȱaȱdisease state. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Manyȱmedicationsȱcanȱbeȱadministeredȱtransdermallyȱbyȱapplyingȱpatchesȱthatȱcontainȱtheȱmedicationȱtoȱthe surfaceȱofȱtheȱskin.ȱTheseȱpatchesȱcanȱbeȱattachedȱanywhereȱonȱtheȱskinȱexceptȱtheȱpalmsȱofȱtheȱhandsȱandȱthe solesȱofȱtheȱfeet.ȱWhy? Answer: Thickȱskinȱslowsȱtheȱrateȱofȱdiffusionȱofȱtheȱmedicationȱandȱthusȱdecreasesȱitsȱeffectiveness.ȱInȱaddition, excessiveȱsweatȱformedȱonȱtheȱpalmsȱofȱtheȱhandsȱandȱsolesȱofȱtheȱfeetȱwouldȱmakeȱtheȱpatchȱfallȱoff moreȱreadily. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Whyȱisȱregionalȱinfectionȱorȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱskinȱusuallyȱveryȱpainful? Answer: Inflammationȱofȱtheȱskinȱisȱpainfulȱbecauseȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱareȱabundantȱinȱtheȱskin.ȱChanges associatedȱwithȱswellingȱstimulateȱtheȱsensoryȱreceptors,ȱresultingȱinȱaȱpainfulȱsensation. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Whyȱisȱaȱsubcutaneousȱinjectionȱwithȱaȱhypodermicȱneedleȱaȱusefulȱmethodȱofȱadministeringȱdrugs? Answer: Theȱsubcutaneousȱlayerȱhasȱaȱlimitedȱcapillaryȱsupplyȱandȱcontainsȱnoȱvitalȱorgans;ȱthus,ȱtheȱpotential forȱtissueȱdamageȱisȱreduced. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whyȱisȱscabȱformationȱimportantȱinȱwoundȱhealing? Answer: Scabsȱtemporarilyȱrestoreȱepidermalȱintegrity,ȱrestrictingȱfurtherȱentryȱofȱmicroorganisms.ȱTheyȱalso preventȱtheȱlossȱofȱfluids,ȱmaintainingȱinternalȱfluidȱbalance,ȱandȱprotectȱtheȱdelicateȱgranulationȱtissue duringȱtissueȱrecovery. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

6) Aȱnewȱmotherȱnoticesȱthatȱherȱ6-month-oldȱinfantȱhasȱaȱyellow-orangeȱcomplexion.ȱFearfulȱthatȱtheȱchildȱmay haveȱjaundice,ȱsheȱtakesȱhimȱtoȱherȱpediatrician.ȱAfterȱexaminingȱtheȱchildȱandȱlearningȱaboutȱtheȱinfantȇsȱdiet, theȱpediatricianȱdeclaresȱhimȱperfectlyȱhealthyȱandȱadvisesȱtheȱmotherȱtoȱwatchȱtheȱchildȇsȱdiet.ȱWhatȱisȱlikely theȱcauseȱforȱtheȱchangeȱinȱskinȱcolor? Answer: Theȱinfantȱprobablyȱhasȱaȱfondnessȱforȱvegetablesȱthatȱareȱhighȱinȱcarotene,ȱsuchȱasȱsweetȱpotatoes, squash,ȱandȱcarrots.ȱItȱisȱnotȱuncommonȱforȱparentsȱtoȱfeedȱbabiesȱwhatȱtheyȱwillȱeatȱbest.ȱIfȱtheȱchild consumesȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱcarotene,ȱtheȱyellow-orangeȱpigmentȱwillȱbeȱstoredȱinȱtheȱskin,ȱproducingȱa yellow-orangeȱskinȱcolor. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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7) Vanessaȇsȱ80-year-oldȱgrandmotherȱsetsȱherȱthermostatȱatȱ26°Cȱ(80°F)ȱandȱwearsȱaȱsweaterȱonȱbalmyȱspring days.ȱWhenȱaskedȱwhy,ȱtheȱgrandmotherȱsaysȱsheȱfeelsȱcold.ȱWhatȱisȱaȱpossibleȱcauseȱforȱherȱfeelingȱcold? Answer: Mostȱelderlyȱpeopleȱhaveȱpoorȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱskin.ȱThus,ȱtheirȱskinȱbecomesȱcold.ȱThisȱtriggers thermalȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱskinȱtoȱsignalȱcoldȱskin.ȱTheȱbrainȱinterpretsȱthisȱasȱaȱcoldȱbodyȱtemperature. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

8) Explainȱwhyȱtheȱrateȱofȱdehydrationȱisȱgreaterȱwhenȱaȱpersonȱisȱimmersedȱinȱseawaterȱthanȱwhenȱinȱfresh water. Answer: Saltyȱoceanȱwaterȱisȱveryȱhypertonicȱcomparedȱtoȱbodilyȱfluids,ȱwhileȱfreshȱlakeȱwaterȱisȱveryȱhypotonic. Hence,ȱinȱtheȱsea,ȱdueȱtoȱosmosisȱwaterȱwillȱleaveȱtheȱbody,ȱacceleratingȱtheȱrateȱofȱdehydration.ȱInȱfresh water,ȱwaterȱwillȱbeȱgained. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

9) Explainȱwhyȱwarm,ȱdryȱclimatesȱfeelȱcoolerȱthanȱwarm,ȱhumidȱclimates,ȱevenȱthoughȱtheȱairȱtemperaturesȱare theȱsame. Answer: Inȱaridȱenvironments,ȱsensibleȱperspirationȱevaporatesȱfromȱtheȱskinȱmoreȱrapidlyȱthanȱinȱhumid climates,ȱwhereȱtheȱairȱisȱalreadyȱsaturatedȱwithȱwater.ȱThisȱcarriesȱheatȱawayȱfromȱtheȱskinȱrapidly, leadingȱtoȱaȱcoolȱsensation.ȱInȱhumidȱregions,ȱtheȱsweatȱdoesȱnotȱevaporateȱasȱreadily,ȱandȱthusȱthe bodyȇsȱcoolingȱmechanismȱisȱhampered. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ6 OsseousȱTissueȱandȱBoneȱStructure MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱsystem? A) bodyȱsupport B) calciumȱhomeostasis C) protectionȱofȱinternalȱorgans D) bloodȱcellȱproduction E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbonesȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱȈirregularȈȱinȱshape? A) patella B) frontal C) vertebra D) metatarsal E) ulna Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱcarpalȱbonesȱareȱexamplesȱofȱ________ȱbones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Aȱribȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱ________ȱbone. A) long B) short C) flat D) sutural E) sesamoid Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱregionȱofȱaȱlongȱboneȱbetweenȱtheȱendȱandȱtheȱshaftȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. A) diaphysis B) epiphysis C) osseophysis D) metaphysis E) medullaryȱcavity Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlabelsȱbestȱmatchesȱosteocyte? A) stemȱcell B) dissolvesȱmatrix C) matureȱboneȱcell D) secretesȱorganicȱmatrix Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Cellsȱthatȱsecreteȱtheȱorganicȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱboneȱmatrixȱareȱcalled A) osteocytes. B) osteoprogenitorȱcells. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoclasts. E) chondrocytes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱareȱsquamousȱcellsȱthatȱdevelopȱintoȱosteoblasts. A) Osteoclasts B) Osteocytes C) Osteomedullaryȱcells D) Osteoprogenitorȱcells E) Squamousȱosteons Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Throughȱtheȱactionȱofȱosteoclasts, A) newȱboneȱisȱformed. B) anȱorganicȱframeworkȱisȱformed. C) bonyȱmatrixȱisȱdissolved. D) osteoidȱisȱcalcified. E) fracturedȱbonesȱregenerate. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱchemicalsȱisȱnot presentȱinȱbone? A) calciumȱphosphate. B) collagenȱfibers. C) calciumȱcarbonate. D) chondroitinȱsulfate. E) hydroxyapatite. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱnarrowȱpassagewaysȱthatȱcontainȱcytoplasmicȱextensionsȱofȱosteocytesȱareȱcalled A) centralȱcanals. B) lacunae. C) canaliculi. D) medullaryȱcavities. E) foramina. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱcentralȱcanalȱofȱanȱosteonȱcontains A) boneȱmarrow. B) osteocytes. C) concentricȱlamellae. D) bloodȱvessels. E) lacunae. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱinterconnectingȱtinyȱarchesȱofȱboneȱtissueȱfoundȱinȱspongyȱboneȱareȱcalled A) osteons. B) trabeculae. C) concentricȱlamellae. D) interstitialȱlamellae. E) lacunae. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱtypeȱofȱboneȱthatȱisȱadaptedȱtoȱwithstandȱstressesȱthatȱarriveȱfromȱmanyȱdirectionsȱisȱ________ȱbone. A) spongy B) trabecular C) compact D) lamellar E) irregular Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱmedullaryȱcavityȱofȱbonesȱcontains A) compactȱbone. B) osteons. C) cartilage. D) marrow. E) periosteum. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱshaftȱofȱaȱlongȱboneȱisȱcalledȱthe A) epiphysis. B) diaphysis. C) epiphysealȱplate. D) metaphysis. E) lamella. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱliningȱofȱtheȱmedullaryȱcavityȱisȱcalledȱthe A) endosteum. B) periosteum. C) epimysium. D) perimysium. E) perichondrium. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Whatȱstructureȱallowsȱaȱboneȱtoȱgrowȱinȱlength? A) lacunae B) epiphysealȱplate C) periostealȱbud D) metaphysis E) trabeculae Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

19) Theȱfollowingȱareȱmajorȱstepsȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱintramembranousȱossification. 1.ȱ Clustersȱofȱosteoblastsȱformȱosteoidȱthatȱbecomesȱmineralized. 2.ȱ Osteoblastsȱdifferentiateȱwithinȱmesenchymalȱconnectiveȱtissue.ȱ 3.ȱ Spiculesȱofȱboneȱradiateȱoutȱfromȱtheȱossificationȱcenters. 4.ȱ Mesenchymalȱcellsȱaggregate.ȱ Theȱcorrectȱorderȱforȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 4,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ3. B) 2,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ4. C) 4,ȱ2,ȱ1,ȱ3. D) 2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ4. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱformedȱbyȱintramembranousȱossification? A) roofȱofȱtheȱskull B) carpalȱbones C) femur D) clavicle E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Endochondralȱossificationȱbeginsȱwithȱtheȱformationȱofȱa(n) A) fibrousȱconnective-tissueȱmodel. B) cartilageȱmodel. C) membranousȱmodel. D) calcifiedȱmodel. E) osteoblastsȱmodel. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱfollowingȱareȱimportantȱstepsȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱendochondralȱossification. 1.ȱ Enlargedȱchondrocytesȱdie.ȱ 2.ȱ Osteoblastsȱreplaceȱcalcifiedȱcartilageȱwithȱspongyȱbone. 3.ȱ Chondrocytesȱenlargeȱandȱtheȱsurroundingȱmatrixȱbeginsȱtoȱcalcify. 4.ȱ Bloodȱvesselsȱinvadeȱtheȱperichondrium. 5.ȱ Perichondrialȱcellsȱbecomeȱosteoblastsȱandȱproduceȱaȱthinȱshellȱofȱbone.ȱ Theȱcorrectȱorderȱforȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ2. B) 1,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ2. C) 1,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ4,ȱ2. D) 2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ4. E) 3,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ2. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Secondaryȱossificationȱcentersȱoccur A) inȱtheȱdiaphysis. B) atȱtheȱperiosteum. C) inȱtheȱepiphyses. D) inȱtheȱmetaphyses. E) inȱdermalȱbones. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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24) Whenȱproductionȱofȱsexȱhormonesȱincreasesȱatȱpuberty,ȱepiphysealȱplates A) getȱwider. B) becomeȱnarrower. C) increaseȱslowly. D) accelerateȱrapidly,ȱbutȱmostlyȱinȱthickness. E) areȱhardlyȱaffected. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

25) Theȱmostȱabundantȱmineralȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) phosphorus. D) calcium. E) hydrogen. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Elevatedȱlevelsȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱbloodȱstimulateȱtheȱsecretionȱofȱtheȱhormone A) calcitonin. B) thyroidȱhormone. C) parathyroidȱhormone. D) growthȱhormone. E) testosterone. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Osteoclast-activatingȱfactorȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱit A) isȱreleasedȱinȱlargeȱamountsȱearlyȱinȱlife. B) increasesȱtheȱnumberȱofȱosteoclasts. C) increasesȱtheȱactivityȱofȱosteoclasts. D) producesȱaȱsevereȱosteoporosis. E) isȱreleasedȱbyȱsomeȱcancerȱtumors. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱhormoneȱcalcitoninȱfunctionsȱto A) stimulateȱosteoclastȱactivity. B) decreaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱcalciumȱexcretion. C) decreaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱcalciumȱabsorption. D) decreaseȱtheȱlevelȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱblood. E) stimulateȱosteoblastsȱandȱinhibitȱosteoclasts. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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29) Parathyroidȱhormoneȱfunctionsȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱways,ȱexcept thatȱit A) stimulatesȱosteoclastȱactivity. B) increasesȱtheȱrateȱofȱcalciumȱabsorption. C) decreasesȱtheȱrateȱofȱcalciumȱexcretion. D) raisesȱtheȱlevelȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱblood. E) inhibitsȱcalcitoninȱsecretion. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Excessiveȱȱgrowthȱhormoneȱpriorȱtoȱpubertyȱcouldȱresultȱin A) osteoporosis. B) osteopenia. C) rickets. D) giantism. E) dwarfism. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Factorsȱthatȱareȱnecessaryȱforȱproperȱboneȱformationȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) vitaminȱA. B) vitaminȱE. C) vitaminȱC. D) theȱhormoneȱthyroxine. E) vitaminȱD. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) VitaminȱDȱisȱnecessaryȱfor A) collagenȱformation. B) absorptionȱcalciumȱandȱphosphateȱions. C) reducingȱosteoblastȱactivity. D) increasingȱosteoclastȱactivity. E) theȱorganicȱmatrixȱofȱbone. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Aȱlackȱofȱexerciseȱcould A) causeȱbonesȱtoȱbecomeȱthicker. B) causeȱbonesȱtoȱstoreȱmoreȱcalcium. C) resultȱinȱporousȱandȱweakȱbones. D) causeȱbonesȱtoȱbecomeȱlonger. E) causeȱbonesȱtoȱloseȱtheirȱmedullaryȱcavity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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34) Whenȱstressȱisȱappliedȱtoȱaȱbone, A) theȱmineralsȱinȱtheȱboneȱproduceȱaȱweakȱelectricalȱfieldȱthatȱattractsȱosteoblasts. B) osteoclastȱactivityȱincreases. C) theȱboneȱbecomesȱthinȱandȱbrittle. D) theȱboneȱcompensatesȱbyȱbecomingȱthinnerȱinȱtheȱregionȱofȱstress. E) itȱusuallyȱbreaks. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Aȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱboneȱbecomesȱriddledȱwithȱholesȱisȱcalled A) osteopenia. B) osteoporosis. C) osteomyelitis. D) osteitis. E) osteomalacia. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Afterȱaȱfractureȱofȱtheȱdiaphysisȱhasȱhealed,ȱtheȱthickenedȱregionȱthatȱresultsȱisȱcalledȱthe A) epiphysealȱplate B) externalȱcallus C) denseȱtuberosity D) condyle E) fractureȱfacet Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) ________ȱfracturesȱareȱcompletelyȱinternal;ȱtheyȱdoȱnotȱbreakȱthroughȱtheȱskin. A) Open B) Closed C) Compound D) Recurrent E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Aȱfractureȱatȱtheȱankleȱinvolvingȱbothȱlowerȱlegȱbonesȱisȱoftenȱcalledȱaȱ________ȱfracture. A) compression B) Pott C) displaced D) greenstick E) Colles Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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39) Bonesȱthatȱdevelopȱwithinȱtendonsȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱbones. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) Wormian E) tendon Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Small,ȱoddlyȱshapedȱbonesȱthatȱfillȱgapsȱbetweenȱbonesȱofȱtheȱskullȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱbones. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) sagittal E) tendon Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱlargeȱproximalȱprojectionȱonȱtheȱfemurȱisȱtermedȱthe A) ramus. B) trochanter. C) tuberosity. D) tubercle. E) condyle. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Aȱholeȱthroughȱaȱboneȱisȱtermedȱa A) ramus. B) foramen. C) linea. D) tubercle. E) facet. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱsmooth,ȱroundedȱarticularȱprocessȱofȱaȱboneȱisȱtermedȱa A) crest. B) ridge. C) head. D) condyle. E) trochlea. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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44) Aȱdeepȱhollowȱonȱaȱboneȱisȱtermedȱa A) fossa. B) sulcus. C) facet. D) fissure. E) line. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱspaceȱoccupiedȱbyȱanȱosteocyteȱisȱcalledȱa A) Volkmannȇsȱcanal. B) lacuna. C) trabecula. D) Haversianȱcanal. E) Venetianȱcanal. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Theȱstructuralȱunitsȱofȱmatureȱcompactȱboneȱareȱcalled A) lacunae. B) osteocytes. C) osteons. D) canaliculi. E) lamellae. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱdepositionȱofȱcalciumȱsaltsȱinȱboneȱtissuesȱisȱreferredȱtoȱas A) hardening. B) ossification. C) calcification. D) osteogenesis. E) remodeling. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Aȱchildȱwithȱricketsȱoftenȱhas A) oversizedȱfacialȱbones. B) longȱfingers. C) frequentȱbruises. D) bowedȱlegs. E) inadequateȱmuscleȱdevelopment. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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49) ________ȱbonesȱdevelopȱinsideȱtendons,ȱcommonlyȱnearȱtheȱknees,ȱhands,ȱandȱfeet. A) Irregular B) Sesamoid C) Short D) Long E) Flat Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱhumerusȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱbone. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱarticularȱcartilageȱofȱaȱtypicalȱlongȱboneȱisȱcomposedȱofȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱcartilage? A) elasticȱcartilage B) synovialȱcartilage C) hyalineȱcartilage D) fibrocartilage E) osseousȱcartilage Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Fatȱisȱstoredȱwithinȱthe A) medullaryȱcavity. B) metaphysis. C) spongyȱbone. D) epiphysis. E) diaphysis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱbone? A) Theȱmatrixȱofȱtheȱboneȱisȱveryȱdenseȱandȱcontainsȱdepositsȱofȱcalciumȱsalts. B) Theȱmatrixȱofȱtheȱboneȱcontainsȱosteoclasts. C) Narrowȱchannelsȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱmatrixȱtoȱallowȱforȱanȱexchangeȱofȱnutrients. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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54) ________ȱaccountsȱforȱalmostȱtwo -thirdsȱofȱtheȱweightȱofȱbone. A) Waterȱ B) Calciumȱcarbonate C) Collagenȱfibers D) Fluoride E) Calciumȱphosphate Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Theȱ________ȱinteractionsȱallowȱboneȱtoȱbeȱstrong,ȱsomewhatȱflexible,ȱandȱhighlyȱresistantȱtoȱshattering. A) collagen-fiber B) protein-crystal C) mineral-crystal D) protein-protein E) hydroxyapatite-crystal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

56) Theȱmostȱabundantȱcellȱtypeȱinȱboneȱis A) osteoclasts. B) osteoblasts. C) osteolytes. D) osteoprogenitorȱcells. E) osteocytes. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

57) ________ȱcellsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱinnerȱcellularȱlayerȱofȱtheȱperiosteum. A) Osteocyte B) Osteoclast C) Osteoid D) Osteoprogenitor E) Osteoblast Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Inȱrelationshipȱtoȱtheȱdiaphysisȱofȱaȱlongȱbone,ȱtheȱosteonsȱare A) radial. B) anterior. C) parallel. D) proximal. E) diagonal. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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59) Theȱfemurȱcanȱwithstandȱ________ȱtimesȱtheȱbodyȱweightȱwithoutȱbreaking. A) 3 B) 5ȱtoȱ10 C) 8 D) 10ȱtoȱ15 E) 30 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) ________ȱmarrowȱisȱfoundȱbetweenȱtheȱtrabeculaeȱofȱspongyȱbone. A) Blue B) Yellow C) White D) Gray E) Red Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) ________ȱboneȱreducesȱtheȱweightȱofȱtheȱskeletonȱandȱreducesȱtheȱloadȱonȱmuscles. A) Short B) Irregular C) Spongy D) Compact E) Long Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Intramembranousȱossificationȱbeginsȱwithȱdifferentiationȱofȱȱ________ȱcells. A) osteoclast B) osteoprogenitor C) mesenchymal D) osteoblast E) osteocyte Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱMarfanȇsȱsyndromeȱisȱ false? A) resultsȱinȱshort,ȱstubbyȱfingers B) resultsȱfromȱaȱmutation C) affectsȱconnectiveȱtissueȱgenes D) affectsȱepiphysealȱcartilages E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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64) Whereȱinȱtheȱbodyȱdoesȱtheȱproductionȱofȱcalcitriolȱstart? A) bone B) kidneys C) smallȱintestine D) liver E) skin Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) Boneȱplaysȱaȱcentralȱroleȱinȱtheȱregulationȱofȱbloodȱlevelsȱof A) potassium. B) iron. C) sulfate. D) calcium. E) sodium. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Boneȱisȱcomposedȱofȱ________ȱpercentȱcells. A) 25 B) 10 C) 2 D) 15 E) 50 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) WhileȱonȱaȱschoolȱskiingȱtripȱinȱColorado,ȱHeidiȱfallsȱandȱbreaksȱherȱtibiaȱandȱfibulaȱinȱaȱPottȱfracture.ȱWhat wouldȱyouȱexpectȱasȱaȱprominentȱpartȱofȱherȱclinicalȱassessmentȱseveralȱhoursȱafterȱtheȱfall? A) hypertension B) tachycardia C) erythema D) hematoma E) cyanosis Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Theȱlacunaeȱofȱosseousȱtissueȱcontain A) bloodȱcells. B) osteocytes. C) chondroblasts. D) boneȱmarrow. E) capillaries. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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69) Howȱwouldȱremovingȱhydroxyapatiteȱfromȱboneȱmatrixȱaffectȱtheȱphysicalȱpropertiesȱofȱaȱbone? A) Theȱboneȱwouldȱbeȱlessȱflexible. B) Theȱboneȱwouldȱbeȱstronger. C) Theȱboneȱwouldȱbeȱmoreȱbrittle. D) Theȱboneȱwouldȱbeȱmoreȱflexible. E) Theȱboneȱwouldȱbeȱlessȱcompressible. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Inȱcompactȱbone,ȱtheȱosteons A) areȱlinedȱupȱinȱtheȱsameȱdirection. B) areȱlinedȱupȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxis. C) areȱarrangedȱinȱanȱirregularȱpattern. D) areȱseparatedȱbyȱmedullaryȱspaces. E) areȱlackingȱinȱtheȱdiaphysis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

71) Theȱtrabeculaeȱofȱspongyȱbone A) areȱorganizedȱparallelȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxisȱofȱtheȱbone. B) areȱorganizedȱalongȱstressȱlines. C) areȱcomposedȱmostlyȱofȱcartilage. D) willȱcollapseȱunderȱstress. E) areȱconcentratedȱinȱtheȱcortexȱofȱtheȱdiaphysis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Ifȱosteoclastsȱareȱmoreȱactiveȱthanȱosteoblasts,ȱbonesȱwillȱbecome A) denser. B) thicker. C) osteopenic. D) stronger. E) calcified. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Duringȱappositionalȱgrowth A) bonesȱgrowȱlonger. B) bonesȱgrowȱwider. C) boneȱisȱreplacedȱbyȱcartilage. D) theȱepiphysisȱfusesȱwithȱtheȱdiaphysis. E) osteoblastsȱareȱoverwhelmedȱbyȱosteocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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74) Whenȱtheȱepiphysealȱplateȱisȱreplacedȱbyȱbone, A) pubertyȱbegins. B) interstitialȱboneȱgrowthȱbegins. C) appositionalȱboneȱgrowthȱbegins. D) longȱbonesȱhaveȱreachedȱtheirȱadultȱlength. E) theȱboneȱbecomesȱmoreȱbrittle. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Whenȱcartilageȱisȱproducedȱatȱtheȱepiphysealȱsideȱofȱtheȱmetaphysisȱatȱtheȱsameȱrateȱasȱboneȱisȱdepositedȱon theȱoppositeȱside,ȱbones A) growȱlonger. B) growȱwider. C) becomeȱshorter. D) becomeȱmoreȱporousȱandȱweaker. E) becomeȱthicker. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Acceleratedȱclosureȱofȱtheȱepiphysealȱplatesȱcouldȱbeȱcausedȱby A) highȱlevelsȱofȱvitaminȱD. B) tooȱmuchȱcalciumȱinȱtheȱdiet. C) elevatedȱlevelsȱofȱestrogen. D) tooȱlittleȱthyroxine. E) anȱexcessȱofȱgrowthȱhormone. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Inȱnormalȱadultȱbones, A) thereȱisȱnoȱturnoverȱofȱminerals. B) aȱportionȱofȱtheȱproteinȱandȱmineralȱcontentȱisȱreplacedȱeachȱyear. C) osteoblastȱactivityȱexceedsȱosteoclastȱactivity,ȱonceȱboneȱhasȱbeenȱformed. D) osteoclastsȱcontinueȱtoȱbeȱactiveȱlongȱafterȱosteoblastȱactivityȱceases. E) exerciseȱwillȱhaveȱnoȱeffectȱonȱboneȱremodeling. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) Whichȱisȱgreater?ȱ A) osteoclastȱactivityȱwhenȱcalcitoninȱisȱpresent B) osteoclastȱactivityȱwhenȱcalcitoninȱisȱabsent Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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79) Whichȱisȱgreater?ȱ A) bloodȱcalciumȱlevelsȱwhenȱparathyroidȱhormoneȱisȱincreased B) bloodȱcalciumȱlevelsȱwhenȱparathyroidȱhormoneȱisȱdecreased Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Theȱconditionȱknownȱasȱosteopenia A) affectsȱmostlyȱwomen. B) causesȱaȱgradualȱreductionȱinȱboneȱmass. C) isȱcausedȱbyȱtooȱmuchȱvitaminȱDȱinȱtheȱdiet. D) isȱrarelyȱseenȱasȱpeopleȱage. E) onlyȱaffectsȱtheȱfemur. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱnotȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱsystem? A) tendons B) bones C) ligaments D) cartilage E) otherȱtissuesȱthatȱconnectȱbones Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Ifȱaȱtumorȱsecretesȱhighȱlevelsȱofȱosteoclast-activatingȱfactor,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱoccur asȱaȱresultȱofȱthisȱcondition? A) increasesȱinȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱcalcium B) boneȱfragility C) decreasedȱboneȱdensity D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

83) Maryȱisȱ50ȱyearsȱoldȱandȱhasȱenteredȱmenopause.ȱDuringȱaȱcheckup,ȱaȱboneȱscanȱrevealsȱtheȱbeginningsȱof osteoporosis.ȱHerȱphysicianȱsuggestsȱhormoneȱtherapy.ȱWhatȱhormoneȱmightȱsheȱprescribeȱforȱherȱpatient? A) thyroidȱhormone B) growthȱhormone C) estrogen D) parathyroidȱhormone E) calcitonin Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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84) Maryȱisȱ50ȱyearsȱoldȱandȱhasȱenteredȱmenopause.ȱDuringȱaȱcheckup,ȱaȱboneȱscanȱrevealsȱtheȱbeginningsȱof osteoporosis.ȱHerȱphysicianȱsuggestsȱnutritionalȱtherapy.ȱWhatȱmightȱsheȱrecommendȱforȱherȱpatient? A) VitaminȱC B) VitaminȱD C) calciumȱsupplements D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ6- 1ȱBoneȱTissue UseȱFigureȱ6- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestion(s): 85) Whichȱstructureȱisȱtermedȱanȱosteon? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Whichȱstructureȱisȱcharacteristicȱofȱspongyȱbone? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) TheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3Ȉȱisȱtheȱresultȱofȱwhichȱprocess? A) boneȱcellsȱaddingȱmatrixȱbetweenȱexistingȱosteons B) surfaceȱgrowthȱofȱbone C) remodelingȱofȱcompactȱbone D) remodelingȱofȱspongyȱbone E) osteoporosis Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) IdentifyȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) concentricȱlamellae B) circumferentialȱlamellae C) interstitialȱlamellae D) trabeculae E) periosteum Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Whereȱwouldȱosteoclastsȱbeȱmostȱactive? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ6- 2ȱEndochondralȱOssification UseȱFigureȱ6- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestion(s): 90) Whereȱdoesȱgrowthȱinȱlengthȱoccur? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Whatȱtypeȱofȱtissueȱoccursȱatȱ#1? A) elasticȱtissue B) fibrocartilage C) bone D) hyalineȱcartilage E) marrowȱtissue Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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92) Whatȱprocessȱisȱshownȱatȱ#6? A) primaryȱossification B) secondaryȱossification C) lengthȱgrowth D) widthȱgrowth E) fractureȱrepair Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) Identifyȱtheȱstructureȱatȱ#4. A) intramembranousȱbone B) spongyȱbone C) hyalineȱcartilage D) periosteum E) mesenchyme Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) epiphysis B) diaphysis C) metaphysis D) marrowȱcavity E) trabeculae Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Inȱbone,ȱtheȱcalciumȱphosphateȱformsȱcrystalsȱofȱ________. Answer: hydroxyapatite Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Cellsȱthatȱareȱfoundȱinȱsmallȱdepressionsȱonȱtheȱendostealȱsurfacesȱareȱtheȱ________. Answer: osteoclasts Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱshaftȱofȱlongȱbonesȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: diaphysis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱnarrowȱregionȱbetweenȱtheȱheadȱandȱshaftȱofȱaȱlongȱboneȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: neck Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) ________ȱisȱtheȱorganicȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱmatrixȱinȱdevelopingȱorȱrepairingȱbone. Answer: Osteoid Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Bloodȱisȱdistributedȱfromȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱaȱboneȱtoȱdeeperȱcentralȱcanalsȱthroughȱchannelsȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: perforatingȱcanals Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Aȱ________ȱisȱaȱsmooth,ȱgroovedȱboneȱprocessȱshapedȱlikeȱaȱpulley. Answer: trochlea Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱpreventsȱdamagingȱbone-to-boneȱcontactȱwithinȱmovableȱjoints. Answer: Articularȱcartilage Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Duringȱtheȱprocessȱofȱ________,ȱanȱexistingȱtissueȱisȱreplacedȱbyȱbone. Answer: ossification Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱprocessȱofȱdepositingȱcalciumȱintoȱaȱtissueȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: calcification Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Damageȱtoȱaȱboneȱbecauseȱofȱextremeȱload,ȱsuddenȱimpact,ȱorȱstressesȱappliedȱfromȱanȱunusualȱdirectionȱis calledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: fracture Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Aȱsmallȱroughȱbumpȱonȱboneȱwhereȱaȱtendonȱattachesȱisȱcalledȱaȱ________. Answer: tuberosity Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) Aȱprojectionȱatȱanȱangleȱonȱaȱboneȱisȱtermedȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: ramus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Aȱchamberȱwithinȱaȱboneȱnormallyȱfilledȱwithȱairȱisȱaȱ________. Answer: sinus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱexpandedȱarticularȱendȱofȱanȱepiphysisȱthatȱisȱseparatedȱfromȱtheȱshaftȱbyȱaȱnarrowerȱneckȱisȱtermedȱa(n) ________. Answer: head Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Stemȱcellsȱthatȱcanȱdifferentiateȱintoȱosteoblastsȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱcells. Answer: osteoprogenitor Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱroundedȱpassagewayȱforȱpassageȱofȱbloodȱvesselsȱand/orȱnerves. Answer: foramen Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱadultȱskeletonȱcontainsȱ________ȱmajorȱbones. Answer: 206 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) ________ȱfibersȱareȱstrongerȱthanȱsteelȱwhenȱstretched. Answer: Collagen Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Aȱcalcifiedȱskeletalȱmuscleȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱ________. Answer: heterotopicȱboneȱformation Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) ________ȱfreeȱcalciumȱfromȱboneȱtoȱmaintainȱbloodȱcalciumȱlevels. Answer: Osteoclasts Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱmatrixȱinȱspongyȱboneȱformsȱstrutsȱandȱarchesȱcalledȱ________. Answer: trabeculae Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) A(n)ȱ________ȱfractureȱdoesȱnotȱbreakȱtheȱskin. Answer: simple Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

24) Anȱopenȱorȱ________ȱfractureȱprojectsȱthroughȱtheȱskin. Answer: compound Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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25) A(n)ȱ________ȱfractureȱshattersȱtheȱbone. Answer: comminuted Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

26) Aȱfractureȱofȱtheȱboneȱacrossȱitsȱlongȱaxisȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfracture. Answer: transverse Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

27) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfractureȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱshaftȱisȱsplitȱandȱtheȱotherȱsideȱisȱbent. Answer: greenstick Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

28) A(n)ȱ________ȱfractureȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtwistingȱstressesȱappliedȱtoȱtheȱbone. Answer: spiral Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

29) Aȱtransverseȱfractureȱofȱtheȱwristȱthatȱmayȱbeȱcomminutedȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfracture. Answer: Colles Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

30) Aȱboot-topȱfractureȱthatȱinvolvesȱbothȱlowerȱlegȱbonesȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfracture. Answer: Pott Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

31) Theȱfractureȱofȱvertebraeȱsubjectedȱtoȱextremeȱverticalȱstressȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________ȱfracture. Answer: compression Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

32) Theȱopeningȱinȱtheȱdiaphysisȱthroughȱwhichȱbloodȱvesselsȱpassȱisȱnamedȱtheȱ________ȱforamen. Answer: nutrient Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) A(n)ȱ________ȱfractureȱproducesȱshatteredȱboneȱfragments. Answer: comminuted Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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34) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱdefinition. 1.ȱ osteocytes 2.ȱ osteoblasts 3.ȱ osteoprogenitors 4.ȱ osteoclasts

A) stemȱcellsȱthatȱproduceȱosteoblasts B)ȱ immatureȱboneȱcellsȱthatȱsecreteȱorganicȱcomponents ofȱmatrix C) matureȱboneȱcellsȱthatȱmaintainȱtheȱboneȱmatrix D) multinucleatedȱcellsȱthatȱsecreteȱacidsȱandȱenzymes toȱdissolveȱboneȱmatrix

Answer: 1-C;ȱ2-B;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱkeyȱcharacteristic. 1. redȱboneȱmarrow 2. yellowȱboneȱmarrow

A) storesȱadiposeȱtissueȱforȱanȱenergyȱreserve B) responsibleȱforȱbloodȱcellȱformation

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Ourȱbonesȱareȱconstantlyȱchangingȱtoȱadaptȱtoȱtheȱdemandsȱweȱplaceȱonȱthem. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱoutermostȱlayerȱofȱcompactȱboneȱisȱtheȱendosteum. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Toddȱisȱ13ȱandȱlivesȱinȱanȱurbanȱapartment.ȱHeȱspendsȱmostȱofȱhisȱtimeȱwatchingȱTVȱandȱeatingȱȈjunkȈȱfood. Oneȱafternoon,ȱduringȱrecess,ȱheȱfallsȱonȱtheȱplaygroundȱandȱbreaksȱhisȱleg.ȱAlthoughȱheȱappearsȱtoȱbeȱhealthy, hisȱlegȱtakesȱlongerȱtoȱhealȱthanȱexpected.ȱWhatȱmightȱbeȱtheȱcauseȱofȱtheȱlongerȱhealingȱtime? Answer: Assumingȱthatȱthereȱisȱnoȱotherȱdiseaseȱprocessȱinvolved,ȱToddȇsȱproblemȱisȱprobablyȱrelatedȱtoȱhisȱpoor diet.ȱGoodȱnutritionȱisȱimportantȱforȱpromotingȱtheȱhealingȱprocess.ȱInsufficientȱquantitiesȱofȱprotein, vitaminȱC,ȱvitaminȱA,ȱandȱvitaminȱDȱwouldȱcauseȱtheȱnormalȱhealingȱprocessȱtoȱoccurȱatȱaȱmuchȱslower rate.ȱToddȇsȱinactivityȱmayȱalsoȱcontributeȱtoȱhisȱslowerȱrateȱofȱhealing. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Anȱelderlyȱpatientȱhasȱaȱbrokenȱfemurȱthatȱisȱhealingȱveryȱslowly.ȱAȱyoungȱresidentȱsuggestsȱusingȱaȱdevice thatȱwillȱcreateȱanȱelectricalȱfieldȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱfractureȱtoȱhelpȱspeedȱtheȱhealingȱprocess.ȱWhyȱmightȱthis possiblyȱhelp? Answer: Osteoblastsȱareȱattractedȱtoȱelectricalȱfieldsȱproducedȱbyȱboneȱcrystalsȱwhenȱtheyȱareȱstressed.ȱThisȱisȱone ofȱtheȱreasonsȱthatȱtrabeculaeȱofȱbonesȱareȱorganizedȱalongȱstressȱlines.ȱIfȱtheȱsameȱtypeȱofȱelectricalȱfield couldȱbeȱduplicatedȱatȱtheȱsiteȱofȱtheȱfracture,ȱosteoblastsȱmayȱbeȱstimulatedȱtoȱmigrateȱtoȱtheȱareaȱand increaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱboneȱproductionȱandȱthusȱhealingȱofȱtheȱfracture. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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3) Duringȱtheȱgrowthȱofȱaȱlongȱbone,ȱhowȱisȱtheȱepiphysisȱforcedȱfartherȱfromȱtheȱshaft? Answer: Theȱchondrocytesȱofȱtheȱepiphysealȱcartilageȱenlargeȱandȱdivide,ȱincreasingȱtheȱthicknessȱofȱtheȱcartilage. Onȱtheȱshaft,ȱtheȱchondrocytesȱbecomeȱossified,ȱȈchasingȈȱtheȱexpandingȱepiphysealȱcartilageȱawayȱfrom theȱshaft. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Whatȱisȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱossificationȱandȱcalcification.? Answer: Ossificationȱmeansȱspecificallyȱtheȱconversionȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱintoȱboneȱtissue.ȱCalcificationȱmeans theȱdepositingȱofȱcalciumȱsaltsȱinȱanyȱtissue,ȱincludingȱbone. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whatȱisȱosteopenia?ȱNameȱandȱdefineȱtwoȱformsȱofȱosteopenia. Answer: Osteopeniaȱisȱaȱgeneralȱtermȱforȱreducedȱboneȱmass.ȱOsteoporosisȱandȱosteomalaciaȱareȱforms. Osteoporosisȱisȱaȱconditionȱofȱreducedȱboneȱdensity,ȱboneȱweakness,ȱandȱpainȱresultingȱfromȱtheȱlossȱof mineralȱfromȱboneȱwithȱadvancingȱage.ȱOsteomalaciaȱisȱboneȱweaknessȱcausedȱbyȱinsufficientȱcalcium deposits.ȱItȱisȱknownȱasȱricketsȱinȱtheȱyoung. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

6) WouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱseeȱchangesȱinȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱtheȱhormonesȱcalcitoninȱandȱPTHȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱvitaminȱD 3 deficiency?ȱExplain. Answer: AȱpersonȱdeficientȱinȱvitaminȱD3 wouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱabsorbȱcalciumȱeffectivelyȱfromȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract, leadingȱtoȱaȱshortageȱofȱcalciumȱinȱtheȱblood.ȱToȱmaintainȱhomeostasis,ȱtheȱdecreaseȱinȱbloodȱcalcium wouldȱtriggerȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱPTH.ȱTheȱPTH,ȱinȱturn,ȱwouldȱstimulateȱosteoclastsȱtoȱreleaseȱenough calciumȱfromȱtheȱboneȱtoȱmaintainȱproperȱcalciumȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱblood.ȱLevelsȱofȱcalcitoninȱwould decrease,ȱbecauseȱreleaseȱofȱthisȱhormoneȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱhighȱbloodȱcalciumȱlevels. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ7 TheȱAxialȱSkeleton MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱpartȱofȱtheȱaxialȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱsystem? A) skull B) auditoryȱossicles C) hyoidȱbone D) pectoralȱgirdle E) vertebralȱcolumn Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱaxialȱskeleton? A) providesȱanȱattachmentȱforȱmusclesȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱappendicularȱskeleton B) providesȱanȱattachmentȱforȱmusclesȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱhead,ȱneck,ȱandȱtrunk C) providesȱanȱattachmentȱforȱmusclesȱinvolvedȱinȱrespiration D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱforamenȱmagnumȱisȱfoundȱinȱtheȱ________ȱbone. A) frontal B) parietal C) sphenoid D) occipital E) temporal Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱsutureȱthatȱformsȱtheȱarticulationȱofȱtheȱparietalȱbonesȱwithȱtheȱfrontalȱboneȱisȱtheȱ________ȱsuture. A) lambdoidal B) rostral C) coronal D) squamosal E) sagittal Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱcalvariaȱ(orȱskullcap)ȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱbones. A) frontal,ȱtemporal,ȱandȱparietal B) frontal,ȱparietal,ȱandȱoccipital C) temporal,ȱparietal,ȱandȱoccipital D) frontal,ȱtemporal,ȱandȱoccipital E) frontal,ȱtemporal,ȱparietal,ȱandȱoccipital Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbonesȱisȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱorbitalȱcomplex,ȱexcept theȱ________ȱbone. A) lacrimal B) nasal C) sphenoid D) ethmoid E) frontal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱzygomaticȱarchȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱunionȱofȱprocessesȱfromȱwhichȱtwoȱbones? A) temporalȱandȱmaxilla B) frontalȱandȱtemporal C) sphenoidȱandȱtemporal D) zygomaticȱandȱmaxilla E) temporalȱandȱzygomatic Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱexternalȱacousticȱmeatusȱisȱaȱforamenȱinȱwhichȱskullȱbone? A) zygomatic B) vomer C) temporal D) parietal E) auditoryȱossicles Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱprominentȱbulgeȱjustȱposteriorȱandȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱauditoryȱmeatusȱisȱthe A) mastoidȱprocess. B) styloidȱprocess. C) occipitalȱcondyle. D) condyloidȱprocess. E) temporalȱprocess. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱbonesȱofȱtheȱface? A) frontal B) maxilla C) vomer D) mandible E) zygomatic Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlandmarksȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱoccipitalȱboneȱ exceptȱthe A) superficialȱnuchalȱlines. B) jugularȱforamen. C) hypoglossalȱcanals. D) petrousȱprocess. E) occipitalȱcrest. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱsuperiorȱandȱinferiorȱtemporalȱlinesȱmarkȱtheȱpointsȱofȱattachmentȱfor A) musclesȱthatȱstabilizeȱtheȱskullȱatȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumn. B) musclesȱthatȱopenȱandȱcloseȱtheȱeye. C) musclesȱthatȱcloseȱtheȱmouth. D) musclesȱthatȱturnȱtheȱhead. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Whatȱorganȱisȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱlacrimalȱfossa? A) theȱpituitaryȱgland B) theȱinnerȱear C) tearȱgland D) theȱlacrimalȱramus E) theȱfrontalȱsinus Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Aȱpointȱofȱattachmentȱforȱmusclesȱthatȱrotateȱorȱextendȱtheȱheadȱisȱthe A) styloidȱprocess. B) mastoidȱprocess. C) articularȱtubercle. D) posteriorȱclinoidȱprocess. E) medialȱconcha. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Ligamentsȱthatȱsupportȱtheȱhyoidȱboneȱareȱattachedȱtoȱthe A) styloidȱprocess. B) mastoidȱprocess. C) articularȱtubercle. D) posteriorȱclinoidȱprocess. E) middleȱconcha. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱfacialȱnerveȱ(N.ȱVII)ȱpassesȱthroughȱinternalȱacousticȱmeatusȱandȱthenȱthroughȱthe A) mastoidȱforamen. B) stylomastoidȱforamen. C) jugularȱforamen. D) carotidȱforamen. E) foramenȱlacerum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱsutureȱthatȱformsȱtheȱarticulationȱofȱtheȱtwoȱparietalȱbonesȱisȱtheȱ________ȱsuture. A) lambdoidal B) rostral C) coronal D) squamosal E) sagittal Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱlowerȱjawȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱtemporalȱboneȱatȱthe A) mandibularȱfossa. B) mastoidȱprocess. C) superiorȱclinoidȱprocess. D) lateralȱpalatineȱprocess. E) cribriformȱplate. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱtemporalȱbone,ȱexcept the A) mastoidȱcells. B) petrousȱportion. C) sellaȱturcica. D) internalȱacousticȱmeatus. E) mandibularȱfossa. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱhypophysealȱfossaȱofȱtheȱsellaȱturcicaȱcontainsȱtheȱ________ȱgland. A) lacrimal B) pituitary C) olfactory D) nasal E) sellar Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstructuresȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱsphenoidȱbone,ȱ except the A) foramenȱovale. B) opticȱcanals. C) pterygoidȱprocesses. D) sellaȱturcica. E) cribriformȱplate. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱmembraneȱthatȱstabilizesȱtheȱpositionȱofȱtheȱbrainȱisȱattachedȱtoȱthe A) cristaȱgalli. B) pterygoidȱprocesses. C) styloidȱprocess. D) perpendicularȱplate. E) cribriformȱplate. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱbonyȱroofȱofȱtheȱmouthȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱbone(s). A) palatine B) vomer C) maxillary D) sphenoid E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Nervesȱcarryingȱsensoryȱinformationȱfromȱtheȱlipsȱandȱtheȱchinȱpassȱthroughȱthe A) ramusȱofȱtheȱmandible. B) condylarȱprocess. C) mentalȱforamina. D) mandibularȱforamina. E) maxillaryȱforamina. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Aȱnerveȱthatȱcarriesȱsensoryȱinformationȱfromȱtheȱteethȱandȱgumsȱofȱtheȱlowerȱjawȱpassesȱthroughȱthe A) ramusȱofȱtheȱmandible. B) condylarȱprocess. C) mentalȱforamen. D) mandibularȱforamen. E) maxillaryȱforamen. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱhyoidȱbone A) attachesȱtoȱtongueȱmuscles. B) isȱlinkedȱtoȱtheȱstyloidȱprocessȱbyȱaȱligament. C) isȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱlarynx. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Aȱskullȱboneȱthatȱcouldȱbeȱdescribedȱasȱlookingȱlikeȱaȱbatȱwithȱwingsȱextendedȱisȱthe A) maxilla B) cristaȱgalli C) sphenoid D) ethmoid E) cribriform Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱnasalȱcomplexȱconsistsȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbones,ȱexcept the A) zygomatic. B) ethmoid. C) sphenoid. D) frontal. E) maxillary. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱnasalȱconchae A) attachȱmusclesȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱeye. B) containȱtheȱnervesȱforȱolfaction. C) createȱturbulenceȱinȱtheȱnasalȱpassageways. D) protectȱtheȱpituitaryȱgland. E) attachȱmusclesȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱeyelids. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱparanasalȱsinusesȱareȱlocatedȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbones,ȱexcept the A) frontal. B) ethmoid. C) sphenoid. D) maxillae. E) zygomatic. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱparanasalȱsinusesȱisȱfalse? A) Theyȱprovideȱanȱextensiveȱareaȱofȱmucousȱepithelium. B) Theyȱmakeȱskullȱbonesȱlighter. C) Theȱmucusȱtheyȱsecreteȱentersȱtheȱnasalȱcavities. D) Theyȱsupportȱciliaȱthatȱmoveȱtheȱmucus. E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNallȱareȱtrue. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱtheȱskullȱisȱtrue,ȱexceptȱthat A) theȱbonesȱofȱtheȱskullȱdevelopȱfromȱaȱsingleȱossificationȱfocus. B) atȱbirthȱtheȱcranialȱbonesȱareȱconnectedȱbyȱareasȱofȱfibrousȱconnectiveȱtissue. C) theȱgrowthȱofȱtheȱcraniumȱisȱusuallyȱcoordinatedȱwithȱtheȱgrowthȱofȱtheȱbrain. D) theȱskullsȱofȱinfantsȱandȱadultsȱdifferȱinȱshapeȱandȱstructureȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱelements. E) theȱmostȱsignificantȱgrowthȱofȱtheȱskullȱoccursȱbeforeȱtheȱageȱofȱ5. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱanteriorȱfontanelȱisȱlocated A) posteriorȱtoȱtheȱfrontalȱbone. B) anteriorȱtoȱtheȱparietalȱbones. C) inferiorȱtoȱfrontalȱbone. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱfourȱcurvesȱofȱtheȱadultȱspinalȱcolumnȱareȱnotȱallȱpresentȱatȱbirth.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtheȱsecondary curves,ȱthoseȱthatȱdoȱnotȱappearȱuntilȱseveralȱmonthsȱlater? A) cervicalȱandȱlumbar B) thoracicȱandȱlumbar C) sacralȱandȱlumbar D) thoracicȱandȱsacral E) cervicalȱandȱsacral Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Anȱexaggeratedȱlateralȱcurvatureȱisȱtermed A) kyphosis. B) lordosis. C) scoliosis. D) gomphosis. E) mentosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱfourȱspinalȱcurvesȱincludeȱallȱbutȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowing.ȱIdentifyȱtheȱexception. A) thoracic B) cervical C) pelvic D) axial E) sacral Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱodontoidȱprocessȱisȱfoundȱonȱthe A) atlas. B) axis. C) sacrum. D) coccyx. E) ribs. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱvertebraȱprominensȱisȱanotherȱnameȱforȱtheȱ________ȱvertebra. A) firstȱcervical B) secondȱcervical C) seventhȱcervical D) firstȱthoracic E) fifthȱlumbar Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱribsȱarticulateȱwithȱthe A) cervicalȱvertebrae. B) thoracicȱvertebrae. C) lumbarȱvertebrae. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱvertebralȱcolumnȱcontainsȱ________ȱthoracicȱvertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Thoracicȱvertebraeȱcanȱbeȱdistinguishedȱfromȱotherȱvertebraeȱbyȱtheȱpresenceȱof A) transverseȱprocesses. B) transverseȱforamina. C) facetsȱforȱtheȱarticulationȱofȱribs. D) notchedȱspinousȱprocesses. E) costalȱcartilages. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱvertebralȱcolumnȱcontainsȱ________ȱlumbarȱvertebrae. A) 4 B) 5 C) 7 D) 12 E) 31 Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱdistinctiveȱfeaturesȱofȱthoracicȱvertebrae? A) heart-shapedȱbodies B) longȱspinousȱprocesses C) ribȱarticulations D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱofȱtheseȱtypesȱofȱvertebraeȱandȱtheirȱnumbersȱisȱnotȱcorrect? A) cervicalN7 B) thoracicN12 C) lumbralN5 D) sacralN1 E) coccygealN3ȱtoȱ5 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱsacrum,ȱexcept thatȱit A) providesȱprotectionȱforȱreproductive,ȱdigestive,ȱandȱexcretoryȱorgans. B) providesȱaȱpointȱofȱattachmentȱforȱlegȱmuscles. C) articulatesȱwithȱtheȱpelvicȱbones. D) articulatesȱwithȱtheȱsecondȱandȱthirdȱlumbarȱvertebrae. E) articulatesȱwithȱtheȱcoccyx. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱribsȱarticulateȱwithȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱvertebrae. A) spinousȱprocesses B) transverseȱprocesses C) laminae D) pedicles E) auricȱarches Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Humansȱnormallyȱhaveȱ________ȱpairsȱofȱribs. A) 2 B) 6 C) 10 D) 12 E) 24 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱcostalȱgroove A) isȱlocatedȱonȱtheȱexteriorȱsurface. B) isȱlocatedȱonȱtheȱinteriorȱsurface. C) marksȱtheȱpathȱofȱbloodȱvessels. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱsternumȱthatȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱclaviclesȱisȱthe A) manubrium. B) body. C) xiphoidȱprocess. D) angle. E) tuberculum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱtrueȱribsȱare A) ribsȱ1-7. B) alsoȱcalledȱvertebrosternalȱribs. C) ribsȱ8-12. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Howȱmanyȱbonesȱmakeȱupȱtheȱaxialȱskeleton? A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80 E) 90 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱskullȱcontainsȱ________ȱbones. A) 32 B) 22 C) 42 D) 12 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) GesturingȱȈnoȈȱwithȱtheȱheadȱdependsȱonȱtheȱstructure(s)ȱofȱwhichȱcervicalȱvertebrae? A) atlas B) axis C) vertebraȱprominens D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Theȱrole(s)ȱofȱtheȱsinusesȱinclude(s) A) makingȱtheȱskullȱlighter. B) productionȱofȱmucusȱthatȱmoistensȱandȱcleansȱtheȱair. C) releaseȱofȱstressȱhormones. D) extraȱsourceȱofȱair. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

55) Suturesȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱatȱallȱofȱtheȱjointsȱofȱanȱadultȱskull,ȱ exceptȱbetween A) theȱmandibleȱandȱtheȱcranium. B) theȱzygomaticȱboneȱandȱtheȱmaxillaryȱbone. C) theȱoccipitalȱboneȱandȱtheȱparietalȱbone. D) theȱvomerȱandȱtheȱzygomaticȱbone. E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNtheyȱareȱallȱsutures. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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56) Theȱvertebralȱarchȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱpediclesȱandȱthe A) transverseȱspinousȱprocesses. B) dorsalȱspinousȱprocesses. C) laminae. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Youȱwitnessȱoneȱofȱyourȱfriendsȱinȱaȱfight.ȱYourȱfriendȱGreggȱisȱhitȱinȱtheȱjawȱandȱwhenȱlookingȱatȱhim,ȱhisȱface looksȱmisaligned.ȱYouȱimmediatelyȱtakeȱhimȱtoȱtheȱemergencyȱroomȱandȱareȱnotȱsurprisedȱtoȱlearnȱthatȱheȱhas aȱbroken A) temporalȱbone. B) zygomaticȱbone. C) mandible. D) externalȱauditoryȱmeatus. E) clavicle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

58) Whileȱvisitingȱyourȱfriendȱwhoȱrecentlyȱgaveȱbirth,ȱsheȱcommentsȱonȱherȱinfantȇsȱsoftȱspot.ȱYouȱthinkȱto yourselfȱthatȱtheȱcorrectȱtermȱforȱtheȱȈsoftȱspotȈȱlocatedȱatȱtheȱintersectionȱofȱtheȱfrontal,ȱsagittal,ȱandȱcoronal suturesȱis A) sphenoidalȱfontanel. B) anteriorȱfontanel. C) occipitalȱfontanel. D) mastoidȱfontanel. E) cushionȱspot. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

59) Whileȱvolunteeringȱinȱanȱoutpatientȱclinicȱforȱunderprivilegedȱfamiliesȱinȱyourȱneighborhood,ȱyouȱobserveȱthe nurseȱassessingȱanȱinfant.ȱTheȱmotherȱhadȱcomplainedȱaboutȱtheȱbabyȱnotȱeatingȱandȱhavingȱseveralȱepisodes ofȱdiarrheaȱlastingȱ3ȱdays.ȱYouȱknowȱtheȱnurseȱsuspectsȱpossibleȱdehydrationȱwhenȱshe A) checksȱtheȱanteriorȱfontanelȱforȱdepression. B) pointsȱoutȱtheȱdrynessȱofȱtheȱinfantȇsȱdiaper. C) checksȱtheȱinfantȇsȱreflexes. D) questionsȱtheȱmotherȱaboutȱnormalȱfeedingȱhabits. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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60) Theȱmostȱsignificantȱskullȱgrowthȱoccursȱbeforeȱtheȱageȱof A) 3. B) 2. C) 5. D) 1. E) 4. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

61) Theȱtermȱforȱundersizedȱheadȱis A) encephalopathy. B) microcephaly. C) macrocephaly. D) encephalitis. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) ________ȱcurvesȱofȱtheȱspineȱdevelopȱlateȱinȱfetalȱdevelopment. A) Primary B) Secondary C) Compensation D) Accommodation E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱvertebraeȱthatȱtransfersȱweightȱalongȱtheȱaxisȱofȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumnȱisȱthe A) vertebralȱarch. B) vertebralȱbody. C) articularȱprocesses. D) intervertebralȱspace. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Mostȱmammals,ȱincludingȱhumansȱandȱgiraffes,ȱhaveȱ________ȱcervicalȱvertebrae. A) 11 B) 6 C) 7 D) 19 E) 10 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Asȱyouȱmoveȱcaudallyȱalongȱtheȱspinalȱcolumn, A) theȱvertebralȱforaminaȱbecomeȱrelativelyȱsmaller. B) theȱvertebralȱbodiesȱbecomeȱrelativelyȱlarger. C) theȱdorsalȱspinesȱgrowȱprogressivelyȱlonger. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

66) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱlumbarȱvertebrae,ȱexceptȱthat A) theȱsuperiorȱarticularȱprocessesȱfaceȱmedially. B) theyȱlackȱcostalȱfacets. C) theȱtransverseȱprocessȱisȱslenderȱandȱprojectsȱdorsolaterally. D) theȱvertebralȱforamenȱisȱtriangular. E) theȱvertebralȱbodiesȱareȱdelicate. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) Theȱsternumȱcontains A) theȱmanubrium. B) theȱjugularȱnotch. C) theȱbody. D) theȱxiphoidȱprocess. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Ossificationȱofȱtheȱsternumȱisȱnotȱcompleteȱuntilȱatȱleastȱage A) 50. B) 25. C) 16. D) 10. E) 6. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Whileȱperformingȱcardiopulmonaryȱresuscitationȱ(CPR)ȱonȱanȱunconsciousȱperson,ȱyouȱareȱcarefulȱtoȱposition yourȱhandsȱcorrectlyȱtoȱavoidȱdamageȱtoȱthe A) ribs. B) scapula. C) xiphoidȱprocess. D) sacrum. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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70) Theȱsacrumȱprotectsȱtheseȱorgans: A) reproductive B) digestive C) urinary D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

71) Theȱbonyȱportionȱofȱtheȱnasalȱseptumȱisȱformedȱbyȱthe A) nasalȱbones. B) perpendicularȱplateȱofȱtheȱethmoidȱbone. C) perpendicularȱplateȱofȱtheȱethmoidȱandȱvomerȱbones. D) vomerȱandȱsphenoidȱbone. E) perpendicularȱplateȱofȱtheȱethmoidȱandȱsphenoidȱbones. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Ofȱtheȱfollowingȱbones,ȱwhichȱisȱunpaired? A) vomer B) maxillary C) palatine D) nasal E) noneȱofȱthese Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Theȱstyloidȱprocess,ȱzygomaticȱprocess,ȱandȱauditoryȱossiclesȱareȱassociatedȱwithȱthe A) parietalȱbone. B) occipitalȱbone. C) sphenoid. D) temporalȱbone. E) ulna. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Theȱmembranousȱareasȱbetweenȱtheȱcranialȱbonesȱofȱtheȱfetalȱskullȱare A) fontanels. B) sutures. C) Wormianȱbones. D) foramina. E) fibrocartilaginousȱdiscs. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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75) Theȱhyoidȱboneȱisȱsuspendedȱbyȱ________ȱligaments. A) sutural B) styloid C) hyoid D) stylohyoid E) sternocleidomastoid Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) Theȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱhyoidȱboneȱisȱto A) supportȱtheȱlarynx. B) anchorȱtheȱtongueȱmuscles. C) protectȱtheȱtrachea. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Identifyȱtheȱstructureȱtheȱoccipitalȱboneȱsurrounds. A) magnumȱmaximus B) foramenȱmagnum C) foramenȱmagnus D) foraminaȱmaximus E) maximusȱminimus Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Fibrousȱconnectiveȱtissueȱcalledȱ________ȱaccommodatesȱbrainȱgrowthȱinȱinfants. A) sutures B) vertebrae C) fontanels D) frontals E) foramina Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Vertebraeȱofȱthe A) lumbarȱregionȱareȱfused. B) sacralȱregionȱareȱfused. C) coccygealȱregionȱareȱfused. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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80) Lumbarȱvertebraeȱareȱ________ȱmassiveȱandȱ________ȱmobile. A) least;ȱmost B) most;ȱmost C) least;ȱleast D) not;ȱexcessively E) most;ȱleast Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Aȱbentȱnasalȱseptumȱthatȱslowsȱorȱpreventsȱsinusȱdrainageȱisȱknownȱclinicallyȱasȱaȱ________ȱseptum. A) deviated B) crooked C) obstructive D) deviant E) restrictive Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Theȱsmallestȱfacialȱbonesȱareȱthe A) ethmoidȱbones. B) lacrimalȱbones. C) lacerumȱbones. D) nasalȱbones. E) zygomaticȱbones. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Ridgesȱthatȱanchorȱmusclesȱthatȱstabilizeȱtheȱheadȱareȱthe A) anteriorȱandȱposteriorȱnuchalȱlines. B) anteriorȱandȱsuperiorȱnuchalȱlines. C) inferiorȱandȱsuperiorȱnuchalȱlines. D) medialȱandȱlateralȱnuchalȱlines. E) cranialȱandȱcaudalȱnuchalȱlines. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Theȱȱ________ȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱ________. A) vagusȱnerve;ȱforamenȱmagnum B) trigeminalȱnerve;ȱforamenȱovale C) acousticȱnerve;ȱexternalȱacousticȱmeatus D) internalȱjugularȱvein;ȱjugularȱforamen E) internalȱcarotidȱartery;ȱjugularȱforamen Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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85) Theȱprimaryȱspinalȱcurves A) areȱalsoȱcalledȱcompensationȱcurves. B) accommodateȱtheȱthoracicȱandȱabdominopelvicȱviscera. C) developȱseveralȱmonthsȱafterȱbirth. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

86) Whichȱofȱtheseȱspinalȱdeformitiesȱisȱcorrectlyȱmatched? A) ricketsNbow-legged B) kyphosisNȈhump-backedȈ C) scoliosisNlateralȱdeviationȱofȱtheȱspine D) lordosisNȈswaybackȈ E) Allȱareȱcorrectlyȱmatched. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Theȱligamentumȱnuchae A) attachesȱtheȱribsȱtoȱtheȱthoracicȱvertebrae. B) helpsȱtoȱholdȱtheȱheadȱinȱanȱuprightȱposition. C) attachesȱtheȱatlasȱtoȱtheȱoccipitalȱboneȱofȱtheȱskull. D) attachesȱtheȱsternumȱtoȱtheȱribs. E) stabilizesȱtheȱlumbarȱvertebrae. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Theȱwidestȱintervertebralȱdiscsȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱ________ȱregion. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Damageȱtoȱtheȱtemporalȱboneȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱaffectȱtheȱsenseȱof A) balance. B) hearing. C) smell. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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90) Whichȱbone(s)ȱinclude(s)ȱaȱmanubrium? A) scapula B) clavicle C) sternum D) cervicalȱvertebraeȱ#1ȱandȱ#2 E) allȱtheȱvertebrae Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

91) Ifȱthereȱwereȱnoȱparanasalȱsinuses,ȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱtrue,ȱexceptȱ A) theȱskullȱwouldȱbeȱheavier. B) strongerȱneckȱmusclesȱwouldȱbeȱrequired. C) lessȱmucusȱinȱtheȱnasalȱcavity. D) reducedȱabilityȱtoȱtrapȱdustȱandȱparticles. E) theȱabilityȱtoȱsneezeȱwouldȱbeȱimpaired. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Prematureȱclosureȱofȱtheȱsagittalȱsutureȱwouldȱresultȱin A) aȱlongȱandȱnarrowȱhead. B) aȱveryȱbroadȱhead. C) anȱunusuallyȱsmallȱhead. D) aȱdistortedȱheadȱwithȱoneȱsideȱbeingȱlongerȱthanȱtheȱother. E) death. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

93) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱcoccyxȱisȱtrue? A) isȱtheȱmostȱcaudalȱvertebralȱregion B) anchorsȱaȱmuscleȱthatȱconstrictsȱtheȱanalȱopening C) isȱmoreȱflexibleȱinȱwomen D) fusionȱisȱdelayedȱuntilȱmid-20s E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Asȱyouȱproceedȱfromȱtheȱheadȱdownȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumn A) theȱvertebraeȱbecomeȱlargerȱandȱheavier. B) theȱsizeȱofȱtheȱvertebralȱforamenȱdecreases. C) theȱtransverseȱforaminaȱbecomeȱlarger. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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95) Whileȱplayingȱsoftball,ȱGinaȱisȱstruckȱinȱtheȱfrontalȱsquamaȱbyȱaȱwildȱpitch.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcomplaints wouldȱyouȱexpectȱherȱtoȱhave? A) aȱbrokenȱjaw B) aȱblackȱeye C) aȱheadache D) aȱsoreȱchest E) aȱsoreȱback Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

96) Jackȱgetsȱintoȱaȱfightȱandȱisȱpunchedȱinȱtheȱnose.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbonesȱmightȱbeȱfractured? A) ethmoidȱbone B) sphenoidȱbone C) temporalȱbone D) mandible E) parietalȱbone Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

97) Theȱalveolarȱprocessȱofȱtheȱmandible A) supportsȱtheȱupperȱteeth. B) supportsȱtheȱlowerȱteeth. C) anchorsȱtheȱtongue. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Asȱtheȱresultȱofȱanȱaccident,ȱBillȱsuffersȱaȱdislocatedȱjaw.ȱThisȱinjuryȱwouldȱinvolveȱthe A) stylohyoidȱligaments. B) hyoidȱbone. C) condylarȱprocessȱofȱtheȱmandible. D) alveolarȱprocessȱofȱtheȱmandible. E) greaterȱcornuȱofȱtheȱhyoidȱbone. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ7- 1ȱFloorȱofȱtheȱCranialȱCavity UseȱFigureȱ7- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 99) Whichȱboneȱhasȱforaminaȱforȱtheȱolfactoryȱnerves? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Identifyȱtheȱsphenoidȱbone. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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101) Identifyȱtheȱinternalȱoccipitalȱcrest. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Whichȱstructureȱenclosesȱtheȱpituitaryȱgland? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) WhatȱisȱtheȱnameȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8Ȉ? A) sellaȱturcica B) foramenȱovale C) foramenȱrotundum D) carotidȱcanal E) foramenȱspinosum Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ7- 2ȱTypicalȱVertebraȱ(inferiorȱview) UseȱFigureȱ7- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 104) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) transverseȱprocess B) lamina C) pedicle D) vertebralȱbody E) spinousȱprocess Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Whichȱstructureȱcontactsȱtheȱintervertebralȱdisc? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) pedicle B) transverseȱprocess C) lamina D) spinousȱprocess E) transverseȱarticularȱfacet Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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107) Whereȱisȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱlocated? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) transverseȱprocess B) superiorȱarticularȱprocess C) pedicle D) inferiorȱarticularȱprocess E) lamina Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱbonyȱcompartmentȱthatȱhousesȱtheȱbrainȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: cranium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱoccipitalȱ________ȱareȱwhereȱtheȱoccipitalȱboneȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱfirstȱcervicalȱvertebra. Answer: condyles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱparietalȱbonesȱandȱoccipitalȱboneȱarticulateȱatȱtheȱ________ȱsuture. Answer: lambdoid Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱfrontalȱandȱparietalȱbonesȱarticulateȱatȱtheȱ________ȱsuture. Answer: coronal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) ________ȱareȱnon-ossifiedȱfibrousȱattachmentsȱbetweenȱcranialȱbones. Answer: Fontanels Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱdistortionsȱofȱtheȱskullȱoccurȱdueȱtoȱtheȱprematureȱclosureȱofȱfontanelsȱisȱcalled ________. Answer: craniostenosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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7) Inȱtheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱ________,ȱprematureȱclosureȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱcranialȱsuturesȱresultsȱinȱrestrictedȱbrain growthȱandȱanȱundersizedȱhead. Answer: microcephaly Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Successiveȱvertebraeȱarticulateȱatȱfacetsȱonȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱsuperiorȱvertebraȱandȱfacetsȱonȱtheȱ________ȱof theȱadjacentȱinferiorȱvertebrae Answer: inferiorȱarticularȱprocesses;ȱsuperiorȱarticularȱprocess Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱfirstȱcervicalȱvertebraȱisȱbetterȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: atlas Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱsecondȱcervicalȱvertebraȱisȱusuallyȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: axis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Trueȱribsȱareȱdirectlyȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱsternumȱbyȱ________. Answer: costalȱcartilages Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Ribsȱthatȱhaveȱnoȱconnectionȱtoȱtheȱsternumȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: floatingȱribs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Ribsȱ8ȱtoȱ12ȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱbecauseȱtheyȱdoȱnotȱattachȱdirectlyȱtoȱtheȱsternum. Answer: falseȱribs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱnasalȱcomplexȱincludesȱtheȱbonesȱthatȱencloseȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱandȱtheȱ________ȱsinuses. Answer: paranasal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱfluid-filledȱbonyȱchamberȱthatȱcushionsȱandȱsupportsȱtheȱbrain. Answer: cranialȱcavity Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

16) Theȱzygomaticȱboneȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱ________ȱboneȱtoȱformȱtheȱzygomaticȱarch. Answer: temporal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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17) Inȱtheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱa(n)ȱ________,ȱtheȱnasalȱseptumȱhasȱaȱbendȱinȱit. Answer: deviatedȱseptum Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

18) Theȱinferiorȱportionȱofȱtheȱnasalȱseptumȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: vomer Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Anȱexaggeratedȱlumbarȱcurvatureȱofȱtheȱspineȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: lordosis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

20) Anȱabnormalȱlateralȱcurvatureȱofȱtheȱspineȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: scoliosis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

21) Theȱtermȱ________ȱisȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱanȱinjuryȱcausedȱbyȱdisplacementȱofȱtheȱcervicalȱvertebraeȱduringȱa suddenȱchangeȱinȱbodyȱposition. Answer: whiplash Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Nameȱtheȱsesamoidȱboneȱthatȱmayȱoccurȱinȱassociationȱwithȱtheȱgastrocnemius. Answer: fabella Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

23) Theȱfiveȱvertebralȱregionsȱareȱtheȱcervical,ȱthoracic,ȱlumbar,ȱsacral,ȱandȱ________. Answer: coccygeal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Provideȱalternateȱtermsȱforȱtheseȱribȱparts: A) head B)ȱ tubercle C) body Answer: Aȱ=ȱcapitulum;ȱBȱ=ȱtuberculum;ȱCȱ= shaft Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Giveȱtheȱclinicalȱtermȱforȱtheȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱvertebralȱlaminaeȱfailȱtoȱuniteȱduringȱdevelopment. Answer: spinaȱbifida Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

26) Nameȱtheȱfourȱsuturesȱfoundȱinȱtheȱskull. Answer: lambdoid,ȱcoronal,ȱsagittal,ȱandȱsquamous Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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27) Whichȱfiveȱskullȱbonesȱcontainȱtheȱparanasalȱsinuses? Answer: sphenoid,ȱethmoid,ȱfrontal,ȱpalatine,ȱandȱmaxillaryȱbones Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱ________ȱallowȱforȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱheadȱmovements. Answer: cervicalȱvertebrae Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

29) Theȱ________ȱboneȱisȱunusualȱbecauseȱitȱdoesnȇtȱcontactȱanotherȱbone. Answer: hyoid Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Provideȱaȱdefinitionȱforȱcraniostenosis. Answer: Craniostenosisȱisȱprematureȱossificationȱofȱtheȱfontanelsȱoccurringȱinȱinfancyȱorȱearlyȱchildhood. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

31) Sinusȱinflammationȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: sinusitis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) ProvideȱtheȱfullȱtermȱforȱTMJȱsyndrome. Answer: temporomandibularȱjointȱsyndrome Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Listȱtheȱfiveȱprimaryȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱaxialȱskeleton. Answer: skull,ȱauditoryȱossicles,ȱhyoidȱbone,ȱvertebralȱcolumn,ȱandȱthoracicȱcage Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Listȱtheȱfourȱprimaryȱsutures. Answer: lambdoid,ȱcoronal,ȱsagittal,ȱandȱsquamous Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Frankȱgetsȱintoȱaȱbrawlȱatȱaȱsportsȱeventȱandȱreceivesȱaȱbrokenȱnose.ȱAfterȱtheȱnoseȱheals,ȱheȱstartsȱtoȱhave sinusȱheadachesȱandȱdiscomfortȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱhisȱmaxillae.ȱWhatȱisȱprobablyȱtheȱcauseȱofȱFrankȇsȱdiscomfort? Answer: Frankȱprobablyȱhasȱaȱdeviatedȱseptumȱasȱtheȱresultȱofȱhisȱbrokenȱnose.ȱInȱaȱdeviatedȱseptumȱthe cartilaginousȱportionȱofȱtheȱseptumȱisȱbentȱwhereȱitȱjoinsȱtheȱbone.ȱThisȱconditionȱoftenȱblocksȱthe drainageȱofȱoneȱorȱmoreȱsinusesȱwithȱresultingȱsinusȱheadaches,ȱinfections,ȱandȱsinusitis. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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2) Billyȱisȱinjuredȱduringȱaȱhighȱschoolȱfootballȱgame.ȱHisȱchestȱisȱbadlyȱbruisedȱandȱheȱisȱexperiencingȱdifficulty inȱbreathing.ȱWhatȱmightȱtheȱproblemȱbe? Answer: Billyȱhasȱprobablyȱbrokenȱoneȱorȱmoreȱofȱhisȱribs.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱribsȱchangesȱtheȱsizeȱofȱtheȱthoracic cavity,ȱwhichȱisȱanȱimportantȱpartȱofȱbreathing.ȱWhenȱtheȱribsȱareȱbroken,ȱbreathingȱcanȱbecomeȱdifficult (labored)ȱbecauseȱofȱpainȱwhenȱtheȱribsȱareȱmoved. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Whatȱroleȱdoȱtheȱfontanelsȱplayȱinȱinfantȱdevelopment? Answer: Theseȱfibrousȱconnectiveȱtissueȱstructuresȱfillȱinȱbetweenȱtheȱbonesȱofȱtheȱcraniumȱinȱaȱnewbornȱinfant. Asȱtheȱbrainȱgrows,ȱtheȱskullȱbonesȱcanȱmoveȱapartȱandȱallowȱforȱbrainȱgrowthȱwithoutȱinterferingȱwith nervousȱsystemȱdevelopmentȱandȱfunction.ȱIfȱtheyȱareȱprematurelyȱossified,ȱbrainȱdevelopmentȱis restricted,ȱleadingȱtoȱskullȱdeformityȱandȱmentalȱretardation.ȱThisȱconditionȱisȱcalledȱcraniostenosis Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Theȱstructuralȱfeaturesȱandȱskeletalȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱsternumȱmakeȱitȱaȱpartȱofȱtheȱaxialȱskeleton,ȱwhichȱis importantȱinȱaȱvarietyȱofȱclinicalȱsituations.ȱIfȱyouȱwereȱteachingȱthisȱinformationȱtoȱprospectiveȱhealthȱcare professionals,ȱwhatȱclinicalȱapplicationsȱwouldȱyouȱcite? Answer: Becauseȱitȱisȱaccessible,ȱtheȱbodyȱofȱtheȱsternumȱisȱoftenȱsampledȱforȱredȱboneȱmarrow.ȱTheȱxiphoid processȱisȱusefulȱlandmarkȱinȱCPR;ȱthisȱpartȱofȱtheȱsternumȱisȱeasilyȱbroken,ȱbecauseȱitsȱonlyȱattachment isȱsuperior,ȱtoȱtheȱsternum.ȱAȱbrokenȱxiphoidȱprocessȱcanȱcauseȱinjuryȱtoȱnearbyȱorgans. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whyȱareȱrupturedȱintervertebralȱdiscsȱmoreȱcommonȱinȱlumbarȱvertebraeȱandȱdislocationsȱandȱfracturesȱmore commonȱinȱcervicalȱvertebrae? Answer: Theȱlumbarȱvertebraeȱhaveȱmassiveȱbodiesȱandȱcarryȱaȱlotȱofȱweight;ȱtheseȱfactorsȱcontributeȱtoȱthe rupturingȱofȱanȱintervertebralȱdisc.ȱTheȱcervicalȱvertebraeȱareȱmoreȱdelicateȱandȱhaveȱsmallȱbodies;ȱthese factorsȱincreaseȱtheȱpossibilityȱofȱdislocationsȱandȱfracturesȱinȱtheȱcervicalȱvertebrae. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

6) Sashaȱhasȱaȱchronicȱsinusȱinfectionȱthatȱsheȱhasȱtreatedȱherself.ȱSheȱdevelopsȱaȱdangerousȱinfectionȱofȱtheȱbrain. Explainȱtoȱherȱhowȱthisȱhappened. Answer: Theȱparanasalȱsinusesȱinȱtheȱfrontalȱboneȱareȱonlyȱaȱfewȱmillimetersȱofȱboneȱawayȱfromȱtheȱcranial cavity.ȱChronicȱinfectionȱhasȱpermittedȱtheȱboneȱtoȱbeȱerodedȱandȱpenetrated,ȱintroducingȱbacteriaȱinto theȱbrainȱcase. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

7) Joeȱisȱ40ȱyearsȱoldȱandȱ30ȱpoundsȱoverweight.ȱLikeȱmanyȱmiddle -agedȱmen,ȱJoeȱcarriesȱmostȱofȱthisȱextra weightȱinȱhisȱabdomenȱandȱjokesȱwithȱhisȱfriendsȱaboutȱhisȱȈbeerȱgut.ȈȱDuringȱanȱannualȱphysical,ȱJoeȇs physicianȱadvisesȱhimȱthatȱhisȱspineȱisȱdevelopingȱanȱabnormalȱcurvature.ȱWhyȱisȱtheȱcurvatureȱofȱJoeȇsȱspine changing,ȱandȱwhatȱisȱthisȱconditionȱcalled? Answer: Theȱcurvatureȱofȱtheȱspineȱisȱchangingȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱtheȱheavyȱabdomenȱpullingȱonȱtheȱanteriorȱcavity. Thisȱextraȱweightȱcausesȱabnormalȱspinalȱcurvatureȱtoȱcompensateȱforȱbalance.ȱTheȱconditionȱisȱcalled lordosisȱbecauseȱitsȱeffectsȱareȱprevalentȱinȱtheȱlumbarȱregion. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ8 TheȱAppendicularȱSkeleton MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbonesȱisȱnotȱpartȱofȱtheȱappendicularȱskeleton? A) scapula B) tibia C) sacrum D) coxalȱbones E) metacarpals Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱappendicularȱskeleton? A) scapula B) metatarsals C) femur D) humerus E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNallȱareȱappendicularȱbones. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Whichȱofȱtheseȱadaptsȱtheȱpectoralȱgirdleȱtoȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱmovement? A) heavyȱbones B) relativelyȱweakȱjoints C) toughȱligamentsȱandȱtendons D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱlocatedȱclosestȱtoȱtheȱjugularȱnotch? A) proximalȱendȱofȱscapula B) proximalȱendȱofȱclavicle C) distalȱendȱofȱscapula D) distalȱendȱofȱclavicle E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱmostȱcommonlyȱfracturedȱinȱaȱfall? A) radius B) scapula C) clavicle D) navicular E) glenoidȱcavity Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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6) Theȱclavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱscapula A) distallyȱwithȱtheȱcoracoidȱprocess. B) distallyȱwithȱtheȱglenoidȱcavity. C) distallyȱwithȱtheȱacromion. D) distallyȱwithȱtheȱmanubrium. E) proximallyȱwithȱtheȱcoracoidȱcavity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱclavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱscapulaȱatȱthe A) acromion. B) coracoidȱprocess. C) glenoidȱtuberosity. D) scapularȱspine. E) subscapularȱfossa. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Whichȱofȱtheseȱfeaturesȱisȱlocatedȱnearȱtheȱproximalȱendȱofȱtheȱhumerus? A) medialȱepicondyle B) lateralȱepicondyle C) greaterȱtubercle D) olecranonȱfossa E) capitulum Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱdepressionȱonȱtheȱposteriorȱsurfaceȱatȱtheȱdistalȱendȱofȱtheȱhumerusȱisȱthe A) olecranonȱfossa. B) coronoidȱfossa. C) radialȱfossa. D) intertubercularȱgroove. E) radialȱgroove. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱaȱforearmȱbone? A) humerus B) femur C) tibia D) fibula E) radius Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱofȱtheseȱsurfaceȱfeaturesȱdoesȱtheȱulnaȱpossess? A) olecranon B) styloidȱprocess C) trochlearȱnotch D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱsurfaceȱfeatureȱpresentȱalongȱtheȱlateralȱborderȱofȱtheȱshaftȱofȱtheȱhumerusȱisȱthe A) radialȱgroove. B) medialȱepicondyle. C) lateralȱepicondyle. D) deltoidȱtuberosity. E) coronoidȱprocess. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱradiusȱarticulatesȱwithȱthe A) humerus. B) ulna. C) carpals. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱ________ȱofȱtheȱradiusȱhelpsȱstabilizeȱtheȱwristȱjoint. A) olecranonȱprocess B) coronoidȱprocess C) styloidȱprocess D) radialȱtuberosity E) capitulum Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱbonesȱthatȱformȱtheȱpalmȱareȱthe A) carpals. B) tarsals. C) metacarpals. D) metatarsals. E) phalanges. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱbonesȱthatȱgiveȱtheȱhandȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱmotionȱareȱthe A) carpals. B) tarsals. C) metacarpals. D) metatarsals. E) phalanges. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱbonesȱthatȱformȱtheȱfingersȱareȱthe A) carpals. B) tarsals. C) metacarpals. D) metatarsals. E) phalanges. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱcarpusȱcontainsȱ________ȱbones. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱupperȱlimbȱbone? A) ulna B) radius C) humerus D) metatarsals E) carpals Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpartȱofȱtheȱpelvis? A) sacrum B) coccyx C) coxalȱbone D) lumbarȱvertebrae E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Whatȱboneȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱcoxalȱboneȱatȱtheȱacetabulum? A) sacrum B) femur C) humerus D) tibia E) fibula Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Eachȱoneȱofȱtheȱcoxalȱbonesȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱfusionȱofȱ________ȱbones. A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱlargestȱcomponentȱcoxalȱboneȱisȱthe A) pubis. B) ischium. C) ilium. D) femur. E) tibia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱsuperiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱiliumȱthatȱactsȱasȱaȱpointȱofȱattachmentȱforȱbothȱligamentsȱandȱmusclesȱisȱthe A) anteriorȱiliacȱspine. B) acetabulum. C) posteriorȱsuperiorȱiliacȱspine. D) iliacȱcrest. E) iliacȱnotch. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱgreaterȱsciaticȱnotchȱisȱaȱfeatureȱonȱthe A) ilium. B) ischium. C) pubis. D) femur. E) patella. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱsacrumȱarticulatesȱwithȱthe A) ilium. B) ischium. C) pubis. D) iliumȱandȱischium. E) ischiumȱandȱpubis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Whenȱseated,ȱtheȱweightȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱborneȱbyȱthe A) ischialȱtuberosities. B) posteriorȱinferiorȱiliacȱspines. C) iliacȱcrests. D) obturatorȱforamina. E) inferiorȱramiȱofȱtheȱpubis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱpubicȱandȱischialȱramiȱencircleȱthe A) pubicȱsymphysis. B) lesserȱsciaticȱnotch. C) greaterȱsciaticȱnotch. D) obturatorȱforamen. E) acetabulum. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱlongestȱandȱheaviestȱboneȱinȱtheȱbodyȱisȱthe A) humerus. B) femur. C) tibia. D) fibula. E) coxalȱbone. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱdistalȱendȱofȱtheȱtibiaȱarticulatesȱwithȱthe A) talus. B) fibula. C) patella. D) calcaneus. E) coxalȱbone. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Powerfulȱhipȱmusclesȱattachȱposteriorlyȱtoȱtheȱfemurȱalongȱthe A) greaterȱtrochanter. B) lesserȱtrochanter. C) lineaȱaspera. D) medialȱepicondyle. E) intercondylarȱfossa. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱmedialȱbulgeȱatȱyourȱankleȱisȱaȱprojectionȱfromȱthe A) fibula. B) femur. C) tibia. D) calcaneus. E) talus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱlateralȱmalleolusȱisȱfoundȱonȱthe A) femur. B) tibia. C) fibula. D) patella. E) calcaneus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱmedialȱborderȱofȱtheȱfibulaȱisȱboundȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱbyȱtheȱinterosseousȱmembrane. A) femur B) tibia C) patella D) navicular E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱtarsusȱcontainsȱ________ȱbones. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱheelȱbone? A) talus B) navicular C) calcaneus D) cuboid E) patella Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱweightȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱsupportedȱbyȱthe A) distalȱmetacarpals. B) proximalȱmetatarsals. C) distalȱmetarsals. D) calcaneus. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Anotherȱnameȱforȱtheȱfirstȱtoeȱis A) hallux. B) pollex. C) hyoid. D) lateralȱcuneiform. E) phalanx. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱtheȱmaleȱpelvis? A) heavy,ȱroughȱtexturedȱbone B) heart-shapedȱpelvicȱinlet C) angleȱofȱpubicȱarchȱgreaterȱthanȱ100ȱdegrees D) relativelyȱdeepȱiliacȱfossa E) iliaȱextendȱfarȱaboveȱsacrum Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱnotȱcharacteristicȱofȱtheȱfemaleȱpelvis? A) triangularȱobturatorȱforamen B) coccyxȱpointsȱanteriorly C) sacrumȱbroadȱandȱshort D) boneȱmarkingsȱnotȱveryȱprominent E) ischialȱspineȱpointsȱposteriorly Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Studyȱofȱhumanȱskeletonsȱcanȱrevealȱinformationȱconcerningȱtheȱpersonȇs A) sex. B) ageȱandȱnutritionalȱstatus. C) sizeȱandȱhandedness. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱmaleȱskeleton,ȱtheȱfemaleȱskeleton A) isȱlarger. B) isȱheavier. C) hasȱaȱgreaterȱangleȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱpubicȱsymphysis. D) hasȱaȱsmallerȱaverageȱcranium. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱclearestȱdistinctionȱbetweenȱaȱmaleȱandȱfemaleȱskeletonȱisȱseenȱinȱtheȱcharacteristicsȱofȱthe A) skull. B) pelvis. C) sacrum. D) teeth. E) thoracicȱcage. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱdevelopmentallyȱcontrolledȱprocess? A) closureȱofȱtheȱfontanels B) boneȱremodeling C) reductionȱinȱmineralȱcontent D) appearanceȱofȱmajorȱvertebralȱcurves E) fusionȱofȱtheȱcoxalȱbones Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

45) Theȱonlyȱdirectȱconnectionȱbetweenȱtheȱpectoralȱgirdleȱandȱtheȱaxialȱskeletonȱisȱwhereȱthe A) clavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱhumerus. B) clavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱmanubriumȱofȱtheȱsternum. C) coxalȱbonesȱarticulateȱwithȱtheȱfemur. D) vertebralȱcolumnȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱsacrum. E) clavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱxiphoidȱprocess. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Eachȱcoxalȱboneȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱthreeȱfusedȱbones: A) ulna,ȱradius,ȱandȱhumerus. B) ilium,ȱischium,ȱandȱpubis. C) femur,ȱtibia,ȱandȱfibula. D) hamate,ȱcapitate,ȱandȱtrapezium. E) femur,ȱpatella,ȱandȱtibia. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱlargestȱboneȱofȱtheȱlowerȱlimbȱisȱthe A) tibia. B) femur. C) fibula. D) humerus. E) calcaneus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱpelvicȱorgansȱareȱmostlyȱfoundȱwithinȱthe A) ishialȱspine. B) iliacȱfossa. C) ishialȱfossa. D) obturatorȱforamen. E) pubicȱsymphysis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

49) Theȱthreeȱsidesȱofȱthisȱboneȱformȱaȱbroadȱtriangle. A) radius B) clavicle C) vertebra D) sternum E) scapula Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Whichȱofȱtheseȱconstitutesȱtheȱpectoralȱgirdle? A) claviclesȱonly B) claviclesȱandȱscapulae C) clavicles,ȱscapulae,ȱandȱhumerus D) clavicles,ȱscapulae,ȱhumerus,ȱradius,ȱandȱulna E) clavicle,ȱscapula,ȱhumerus,ȱradius,ȱulna,ȱandȱcarpalȱbones Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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51) Theȱglenohumeralȱjoint,ȱorȱshoulderȱjoint,ȱisȱanȱarticulationȱbetweenȱwhichȱtwoȱbones? A) humerusȱandȱulna B) scapulaȱandȱhumerus C) clavicleȱandȱscapula D) clavicleȱandȱhumerus E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Inȱtheȱanatomicalȱposition,ȱtheȱulnaȱisȱlocatedȱ________ȱtoȱtheȱradius. A) distal B) proximal C) medial D) superior E) noneȱofȱthese Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Lateralȱtoȱtheȱcoronoidȱprocess,ȱtheȱradialȱ________ȱaccommodatesȱtheȱheadȱofȱtheȱradiusȱinȱtheȱradio -ulnar joint. A) notch B) tendon C) ligament D) groove E) muscle Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Thereȱareȱ________ȱcarpalȱbonesȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱwrist,ȱwhichȱformȱ________ȱrowsȱofȱbonesȱinȱtheȱwrist. A) 2;ȱ8 B) 10;ȱ3 C) 4;ȱ2 D) 8;ȱ2 E) 6;ȱ2 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Eachȱhandȱhasȱ________ȱphalangealȱbones. A) 15 B) 20 C) 14 D) 18 E) 10 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Whichȱofȱtheseȱbonesȱwasȱnotȱformedȱbyȱtheȱfusionȱofȱseveralȱbones? A) coccyx B) coxalȱbones C) sacrum D) femur E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Whichȱsurfaceȱfeature(s)ȱalongȱtheȱiliumȱmark(s)ȱattachmentȱsitesȱforȱlargeȱhipȱmuscles? A) iliacȱspines B) greaterȱsciaticȱnotch C) glutealȱlines D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱboundariesȱofȱtheȱpelvicȱoutlet? A) coccyx B) ischialȱtuberosities C) iliacȱcrest D) inferiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱpubicȱsymphysis E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) Aȱmaleȱhasȱaȱ________ȱpelvicȱoutletȱwhenȱcomparedȱtoȱtheȱwomanȇsȱpelvicȱoutlet. A) larger B) longer C) smaller D) wider E) deeper Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱlongestȱboneȱisȱthe A) coxalȱbone. B) sternum. C) humerus. D) femur. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) TheȱAchillesȱtendonȱattachesȱtoȱwhichȱanatomicalȱstructure? A) cuboidȱbone B) calcaneus C) talus D) lesserȱtrochanter E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱhandȱhasȱ15ȱphalangealȱbones;ȱtheȱfootȱhasȱ14ȱphalangealȱbones. A) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱtrue. C) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱandȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱtrue. D) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱandȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱfalse. E) Tooȱmuchȱanatomicalȱvariabilityȱtoȱbeȱsure. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱlowerȱlimbȱbone? A) fibia B) tibia C) metatarsal D) patella E) femur Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱscapulaȱisȱroughlyȱtriangularȱinȱshape.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱcorrectȱtermsȱforȱtheȱborders? A) superiorȱborder B) inferiorȱborder C) lateralȱborder D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Tinaȱfallsȱandȱfracturesȱherȱpisiformȱbone.ȱWhatȱpartȱofȱherȱbodyȱwasȱinjured? A) foot B) forearm C) wrist D) hand E) ankle Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Whenȱstandingȱnormally,ȱmostȱofȱyourȱweightȱisȱtransmittedȱtoȱtheȱgroundȱbyȱthe A) distalȱmetarsalsȱandȱcalcaneus. B) talusȱandȱproximalȱmetatarsals. C) calcaneusȱandȱtalus. D) talusȱandȱcuneiforms. E) calcaneusȱandȱproximalȱmetatarsalsȱȱȱ. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) Theȱtalusȱcontactsȱthe A) calcaneus. B) navicularȱbone. C) tibialȱbone. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱhand,ȱtheȱfoot A) hasȱmoreȱphalanges. B) hasȱfewerȱmetatarsalsȱthanȱtheȱhandȱhasȱmetacarpals. C) hasȱaȱmoreȱrestrictedȱrangeȱofȱmovement. D) containsȱellipsoidalȱarchesȱthatȱhelpȱdistributeȱbodyȱweight. E) hasȱtheȱsameȱnumberȱofȱtarsalȱbonesȱasȱtheȱhandȱhasȱcarpalȱbones. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Tomȱstumblesȱandȱinjuresȱhisȱhallux.ȱWhatȱpartȱofȱhisȱanatomyȱisȱinjured? A) hisȱhand B) hisȱfoot C) hisȱankle D) hisȱknee E) hisȱhip Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Theȱclavicleȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱscapula A) distallyȱwithȱtheȱcoracoidȱprocess. B) distallyȱwithȱtheȱglenoidȱcavity. C) distallyȱwithȱtheȱacromialȱprocess. D) proximallyȱwithȱtheȱmanubrium. E) bothȱCȱandȱD. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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71) TheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱȈflatȱfeetȈȱisȱdueȱtoȱaȱlower-than-normalȱlongitudinalȱarchȱinȱtheȱfoot.ȱAȱproblemȱwith whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱcontributeȱtoȱthisȱcondition? A) aȱlooseȱAchillesȱtendon B) weakȱtarsometatarsalȱjoints C) weaknessȱinȱtheȱligamentsȱthatȱattachȱtheȱcalcaneusȱtoȱtheȱdistalȱendsȱofȱtheȱmetatarsals D) weaknessȱinȱtheȱligamentsȱthatȱattachȱtheȱtalusȱtoȱtheȱtibia E) poorȱalignmentȱofȱtheȱphalangesȱwithȱtheȱmetatarsals Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

72) Onȱaȱfieldȱtripȱyouȱdiscoverȱaȱskeletonȱwithȱtheȱfollowingȱcharacteristics.ȱTheȱacetabulumȱisȱdirectedȱlaterally, theȱischialȱspineȱpointsȱmedially,ȱandȱtheȱangleȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱpubicȱsymphysisȱisȱlessȱthanȱ90ȱdegrees.ȱTheȱlong bonesȱofȱtheȱarmsȱandȱlegsȱareȱrelativelyȱlightȱandȱshowȱepiphysealȱplates.ȱThisȱskeletonȱisȱprobablyȱfrom A) aȱyoungȱmale. B) aȱyoungȱfemale. C) anȱelderlyȱmale. D) anȱelderlyȱfemale. E) Cannotȱtellȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱthisȱinformation. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ8- 1ȱTheȱHumerus UseȱFigureȱ8- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 73) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) olecranonȱprocess B) medialȱepicondyle C) lateralȱepicondyle D) greaterȱtubercle E) trochlea Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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74) Whichȱstructureȱdoesȱtheȱradiusȱrotateȱupon? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Whenȱtheȱarmȱisȱstraight,ȱwhichȱstructureȱacceptsȱtheȱolecranon? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Identifyȱtheȱplaceȱwhereȱtheȱhumerusȱoftenȱfractures. A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Whichȱstructureȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱglenoidȱcavity? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ8- 2ȱBonesȱofȱtheȱAnkleȱandȱFoot UseȱFigureȱ8- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 78) IdentifyȱtheȱboneȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) cuboid B) cuneiformȱI C) navicular D) talus E) calcaneus Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) IdentifyȱtheȱboneȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) talus B) calcaneus C) cuneiformȱV D) cuboid E) metatarsal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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80) Onȱwhichȱboneȱdoesȱtheȱtibiaȱpress? A) 1 B) 7 C) 9 D) 2 E) 3 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Identifyȱtheȱbonesȱnamedȱforȱtheirȱwedgeȱshape. A) 3 B) 8 C) 7 D) 1 E) 2 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) IdentifyȱtheȱbonesȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) metatarsals B) carpals C) metacarpals D) tarsals E) coxae Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ8- 3ȱTheȱScapula UseȱFigureȱ8- 3ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 83) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) acromion B) scapularȱprocess C) spine D) coracoidȱprocess E) scapularȱnotch Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) spine B) scapularȱprocess C) acromion D) coracoidȱprocess E) scapularȱnotch Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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85) Whichȱstructureȱisȱtheȱacromion? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

86) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) glenoidȱcavity B) acetabulum C) scapularȱcavity D) scapularȱnotch E) rotatorȱcup Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) WhatȱboneȱarticulatesȱonȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉ? A) femur B) clavicle C) humerus D) manubrium E) radius Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ8- 4ȱTheȱFemur

UseȱFigureȱ8- 4ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 88) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) greaterȱtrochanter B) lineaȱaspera C) head D) lateralȱepicondyle E) lateralȱcondyle Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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89) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) greaterȱtrochanter B) lesserȱtrochanter C) head D) lateralȱepicondyle E) lateralȱcondyle Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Whichȱstructureȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱacetabulum? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 9 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Identifyȱtheȱdiaphysisȱofȱtheȱfemur. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) greaterȱtrochanter B) lineaȱaspera C) head D) lateralȱepicondyle E) lateralȱcondyle Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱappendicularȱskeletonȱincludesȱtheȱbonesȱofȱtheȱupperȱandȱlowerȱextremitiesȱandȱtheirȱsupporting elementsȱcalledȱ________. Answer: girdles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Twoȱprominentȱȱfeaturesȱofȱtheȱclavicleȱareȱtheȱconoidȱtubercleȱatȱtheȱdistalȱendȱandȱtheȱ________ȱtuberosityȱat theȱproximalȱend. Answer: costal Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) Theȱbonesȱofȱtheȱforearm,ȱorȱ________,ȱconsistȱofȱtheȱradiusȱandȱulna. Answer: antebrachium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱgirdlesȱofȱtheȱappendicularȱskeletonȱsupportȱtheȱbonesȱofȱtheȱ________. Answer: limbs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱtwoȱpubicȱbonesȱjoinȱmediallyȱatȱtheȱ________. Answer: pubicȱsymphysis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱscapulaȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱhumerusȱatȱtheȱ________ȱjoint. Answer: glenohumeral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱspaceȱenclosedȱbyȱtheȱtrueȱpelvisȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: pelvicȱinletȱ(orȱpelvicȱcavity) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱligamentȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱ________ȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱtibialȱtuberosity. Answer: patella Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱkeyȱcharacteristics. 1.ȱ lunate 2.ȱ navicular 3.ȱ pisiform

A)ȱ pea-shaped B)ȱ comma-shaped C)ȱ boat-shaped

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱpelvicȱ________ȱisȱborderedȱbyȱtheȱcoccyx,ȱtheȱischialȱtuberosities,ȱandȱtheȱinferiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱpubic symphysis. Answer: outlet Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

11) Theȱ________ȱareȱS-shapedȱbonesȱthatȱarticulateȱlateralȱtoȱtheȱjugularȱnotch. Answer: clavicles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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12) Theȱradiusȱandȱulnaȱareȱboundȱtoȱeachȱotherȱbyȱa(n)ȱ________ȱligament. Answer: interosseus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱligamentȱattachesȱtheȱacetabulumȱtoȱtheȱfemurȱatȱtheȱ________,ȱaȱsmallȱpitȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱfemoralȱhead. Answer: foveaȱcapitis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) TheȱȈpinkyȱfingerȈȱisȱknownȱasȱmetacarpalȱnumberȱI. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱfusionȱofȱtheȱilium,ȱischium,ȱandȱpubisȱformsȱeachȱcoxalȱbone. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Boneȱmarkingsȱareȱmoreȱprominentȱinȱmuscularȱindividuals. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Describeȱhowȱtheȱarchesȱofȱtheȱfootȱassistȱinȱweightȱdistribution. Answer: Theȱarchesȱabsorbȱshockȱasȱweightȱdistributionȱshiftsȱduringȱmovements.ȱTheȱlongitudinalȱarchȱabsorbs mostȱofȱtheȱshockȱofȱsteps,ȱwhileȱtheȱtransverseȱarchȱdistributesȱtheȱweightȱevenly. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) Whatȱisȱtheȱdistinctionȱbetweenȱtheȱfalseȱpelvisȱandȱtheȱtrueȱpelvis? Answer: Theȱtrueȱpelvisȱenclosesȱtheȱpelvicȱcavityȱandȱitsȱsuperiorȱlimitȱisȱaȱlineȱthatȱextendsȱfromȱeitherȱsideȱof theȱbaseȱofȱtheȱsacrum,ȱalongȱtheȱarcuateȱlineȱandȱpectinealȱlineȱtoȱtheȱpubicȱsymphysis.ȱTheȱfalseȱpelvis consistsȱofȱtheȱexpanded,ȱbladelikeȱportionsȱofȱeachȱiliumȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱpelvicȱbrim. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Whyȱisȱitȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱbonesȱofȱtheȱpelvicȱgirdleȱtoȱbeȱmoreȱmassiveȱthanȱtheȱbonesȱofȱtheȱpectoralȱgirdle? Answer: Theȱpelvicȱgirdleȱmustȱwithstandȱtheȱloadȱofȱbearingȱandȱmovingȱtheȱentireȱbodyȱwhereasȱtheȱpectoral girdleȱonlyȱsupportsȱtheȱupperȱlimbs. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Toȱsettleȱaȱbet,ȱyouȱneedȱtoȱmeasureȱtheȱlengthȱofȱyourȱlowerȱlimbȱ(headȱofȱfemurȱtoȱdistalȱcondyleȱofȱtibia). Whatȱlandmarksȱwouldȱyouȱuseȱtoȱmakeȱtheȱmeasurement? Answer: Youȱcouldȱfeelȱtheȱinferiorȱiliacȱnotch,ȱwhichȱisȱatȱtheȱsameȱlevelȱasȱtheȱheadȱofȱtheȱfemur.ȱYouȱcouldȱfeel theȱmedialȱmalleolusȱofȱtheȱtibiaȱatȱtheȱankle. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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5) Describeȱtheȱpelvicȱadaptationsȱtoȱchildbearingȱinȱtheȱfemale. Answer: Theseȱinclude:ȱanȱenlargedȱpelvicȱoutlet,ȱaȱbroaderȱpubicȱangle,ȱlessȱcurvatureȱonȱtheȱsacrumȱandȱcoccyx, widerȱandȱmoreȱcircularȱpelvicȱinlet,ȱaȱrelativelyȱbroadȱpelvisȱthatȱdoesȱnotȱextendȱasȱfarȱsuperiorly,ȱand iliaȱthatȱprojectȱfartherȱlaterally,ȱbutȱdoȱnotȱextendȱasȱfarȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱsacrum. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ9 Articulations MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Anȱimmovableȱjointȱisȱa(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Aȱslightlyȱmovableȱjointȱisȱa(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) gomphosis. E) synostosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Aȱfreelyȱmovableȱjointȱisȱa(n) A) synarthrosis. B) diarthrosis. C) amphiarthrosis. D) syndesmosis. E) symphysis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Aȱsutureȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) synarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) symphysis. D) diarthrosis. E) amphiarthrosis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Anȱepiphysealȱlineȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa A) gomphosis. B) synchondrosis. C) synostosis. D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Denseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱisȱtoȱaȱsutureȱasȱaȱperiodontalȱligamentȱisȱtoȱa(n) A) amphiarthrosis. B) syndesmosis. C) synostosis. D) synchondrosis. E) gomphosis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Aȱsynovialȱjointȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n) A) synarthrosis. B) amphiarthrosis. C) diarthrosis. D) symphysis. E) syndesmosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱligamentousȱconnectionȱsuchȱasȱanȱinterosseusȱligamentȱisȱtermedȱa A) syndesmosis. B) symphysis. C) synchondrosis. D) synostosis. E) gomphosis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱsynovialȱfluid? A) shockȱabsorption B) increasesȱosmoticȱpressureȱwithinȱjoint C) lubrication D) providesȱnutrients E) protectsȱarticularȱcartilages Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱarticularȱcartilage? A) Thereȱisȱnoȱperichondrium. B) Theȱmatrixȱcontainsȱmoreȱwaterȱthanȱotherȱcartilages. C) Surfacesȱareȱnormallyȱslickȱandȱsmooth. D) Itȱisȱcomposedȱofȱhyalineȱcartilage. E) Itȱsecretesȱsynovialȱfluid. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱfourȱmajorȱtypesȱofȱsynarthroticȱjoints? A) suture B) gomphosis C) synchondrosis D) synostosis E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Bursaeȱareȱfoundȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareas,ȱexcept A) tendonȱsheaths. B) beneathȱtheȱskinȱcoveringȱaȱbone. C) withinȱconnectiveȱtissueȱexposedȱtoȱfrictionȱorȱpressure. D) aroundȱbloodȱvessels. E) aroundȱmanyȱsynovialȱjoints. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Dislocationsȱareȱquiteȱpainfulȱdueȱtoȱstimulationȱofȱpainȱreceptors.ȱOneȱplaceȱtheseȱreceptorsȱareȱabsentȱis A) insideȱtheȱjointȱcavity. B) withinȱtheȱjointȱcapsule. C) withinȱtheȱligamentsȱaroundȱtheȱjoint. D) withinȱtheȱtendonsȱaroundȱtheȱjoint. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Aȱmovementȱawayȱfromȱtheȱmidlineȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱtermed A) inversion. B) abduction. C) adduction. D) flexion. E) extension. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Toȱpinchȱwithȱaȱthumbȱandȱfingerȱinvolvesȱaȱmovementȱcalled A) rotation. B) opposition. C) circumduction. D) eversion. E) retraction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Aȱcommonȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱankleȱoccursȱbyȱexcessiveȱturningȱofȱtheȱsoleȱinward,ȱtermed A) eversion. B) protraction. C) dorsiflexion. D) plantarȱflexion. E) inversion. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱdepression? A) openingȱtheȱmouth B) turningȱtheȱhandȱpalmȱupward C) extremeȱbendingȱofȱtheȱheadȱbackwards D) movingȱtheȱhandȱtowardȱtheȱshoulder E) spreadingȱtheȱfingers Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

18) Theȱmovementsȱknownȱasȱdorsiflexionȱandȱplantarȱflexionȱinvolveȱmovingȱthe A) hand. B) arm. C) foot. D) leg. E) hip. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱelbowȱjointȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱjoint. A) saddle B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) hinge E) pivot Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Inȱaȱtriaxialȱarticulation A) movementȱcanȱoccurȱinȱallȱthreeȱaxes. B) movementȱcanȱoccurȱinȱonlyȱtwoȱaxes. C) movementȱcanȱoccurȱinȱonlyȱoneȱaxis. D) onlyȱcircumductionȱisȱpossible. E) noȱmovementȱisȱpossible. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱjointȱbetweenȱtheȱtrapeziumȱandȱmetacarpalȱboneȱofȱtheȱthumbȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱjoint. A) saddle B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) hinge E) pivot Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Monaxialȱjointsȱareȱknownȱasȱ________ȱjoints. A) saddle B) gliding C) ball-and-socket D) ellipsoid E) hinge Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Whichȱtypeȱofȱjointȱisȱfoundȱbetweenȱtheȱcarpalȱbones? A) saddle B) gliding C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) pivot Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱjointsȱisȱmonoaxial,ȱbutȱcapableȱofȱonlyȱrotation? A) saddle B) gliding C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) pivot Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱjointȱthatȱpermitsȱtheȱgreatestȱrangeȱofȱmobilityȱofȱanyȱjointȱinȱtheȱbodyȱisȱtheȱ________ȱjoint. A) hip B) shoulder C) elbow D) knee E) wrist Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱhyperextension? A) openingȱtheȱmouth B) turningȱtheȱhandȱpalmȱupward C) extremeȱbendingȱofȱtheȱheadȱbackwards D) movingȱtheȱhandȱtowardȱtheȱshoulder E) spreadingȱtheȱfingers Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

27) Whichȱligamentȱconnectsȱtheȱclavicleȱandȱtheȱacromion? A) coracohumeral B) coracoacromial C) coracoclavicular D) glenohumeral E) acromioclavicular Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱelbowȱjointȱisȱextremelyȱstableȱbecause A) theȱulnaȱandȱhumerusȱinterlock. B) theȱarticularȱcapsuleȱisȱthin. C) theȱcapsuleȱlacksȱligaments. D) severalȱmusclesȱsupportȱtheȱjointȱcapsule. E) theȱjointȱlacksȱbursae. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱradiocarpalȱjointȱisȱa(n)ȱ________ȱjoint. A) saddle B) immovable C) hinge D) gliding E) ellipsoid Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱintercarpalȱarticulationsȱareȱ________ȱjoints. A) saddle B) ellipsoid C) hinge D) gliding E) ball-and-socket Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱjointsȱbetweenȱvertebraeȱareȱexamplesȱofȱ________ȱjoints. A) saddle B) pivot C) ellipsoid D) hinge E) gliding Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱsynovialȱjoints? A) freelyȱmovable B) linedȱbyȱaȱsecretoryȱepithelium C) coveredȱbyȱaȱserousȱmembrane D) containȱsynovialȱfluid E) coveredȱbyȱaȱcapsule Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) Aȱherniatedȱintervertebralȱdiscȱisȱcausedȱby A) lossȱofȱannulusȱfibrosisȱelasticity. B) slippageȱofȱtheȱfibrocartilageȱdisc. C) ossificationȱofȱtheȱvertebralȱdisc. D) protrusionȱofȱtheȱnucleusȱpulposus. E) transformationȱofȱfibrocartilageȱtoȱhyalineȱcartilage. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Factorsȱthatȱincreaseȱtheȱstabilityȱofȱtheȱhipȱjointȱinclude A) strongȱmuscularȱpadding. B) toughȱcapsule. C) almostȱcompleteȱbonyȱsocket. D) supportingȱligaments. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

35) Theȱnormalȱmovementȱofȱtheȱhipȱjointȱduringȱwalkingȱinvolves A) abduction. B) adduction. C) flexion. D) extension. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱligamentsȱisȱnot associatedȱwithȱtheȱhipȱjoint? A) iliofemoralȱligament B) pubofemoralȱligament C) ischiofemoralȱligament D) ligamentumȱteres E) anteriorȱcruciateȱligament Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Inȱtheȱkneeȱjoint,ȱtheȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱmenisci A) areȱcartilagesȱthatȱbindȱtheȱkneeȱtoȱtheȱtibia. B) actȱasȱcushionsȱandȱconformȱtoȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱarticulatingȱsurfaces. C) takeȱtheȱplaceȱofȱbursae. D) areȱfoundȱbetweenȱtheȱpatellaȱandȱfemur. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱstructuresȱthatȱassistȱtheȱbursaeȱinȱreducingȱfrictionȱbetweenȱtheȱpatellaȱandȱotherȱtissuesȱareȱthe A) fatȱpads. B) medialȱmenisci. C) lateralȱmenisci. D) poplitealȱligaments. E) cruciateȱligaments. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱligamentȱthatȱprovidesȱsupportȱtoȱtheȱfrontȱofȱtheȱkneeȱjointȱisȱtheȱ________ȱligament. A) anteriorȱcruciate B) posteriorȱcruciate C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibialȱcollateral Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱbackȱofȱtheȱkneeȱjointȱisȱreinforcedȱbyȱ________ȱligaments. A) tibialȱcollateral B) anteriorȱcruciate C) posteriorȱcruciate D) patellar E) popliteal Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Theȱmedialȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱkneeȱjointȱisȱreinforcedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱligament. A) cruciate B) fibularȱcollateral C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibialȱcollateral Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱligamentsȱthatȱlimitȱtheȱanterior-posteriorȱmovementȱofȱtheȱfemurȱandȱmaintainȱtheȱalignmentȱofȱthe femoralȱandȱtibialȱcondylesȱareȱtheȱ________ȱligaments. A) cruciate B) fibularȱcollateral C) patellar D) popliteal E) tibialȱcollateral Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱankleȱjointȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱa(n)ȱ________ȱjoint. A) ellipsoid B) saddle C) hinge D) ball-and-socket E) gliding Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) TheȱȈrotatorȱcuffȈȱofȱtheȱshoulderȱfunctionsȱto A) reinforceȱtheȱjointȱcapsule. B) limitȱtheȱrangeȱofȱmovements. C) allowȱbiaxialȱmovement. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱareȱtrue,ȱexcept one.ȱIdentifyȱtheȱexception. A) Theȱrotatorȱcuffȱfunctionsȱtoȱlimitȱtheȱrangeȱofȱmovementsȱofȱtheȱshoulderȱjoint. B) Theȱshapesȱofȱtheȱarticulatingȱsurfacesȱwithinȱtheȱjointȱhelpȱpreventȱmovementȱinȱaȱparticularȱdirection andȱstrengthenȱandȱstabilizeȱtheȱjoint. C) Theȱtighterȱtwoȱbonesȱareȱheldȱtogetherȱwithinȱaȱjoint,ȱtheȱstrongerȱtheȱjoint. D) Theȱmoreȱmovementȱaȱjointȱallows,ȱtheȱstrongerȱtheȱjoint. E) Theȱtensionȱproducedȱbyȱmuscleȱtendonsȱsurroundingȱaȱjointȱhelpȱstabilizeȱtheȱjoint. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Jointsȱcanȱbeȱclassifiedȱstructurallyȱas A) bony. B) fibrous. C) cartilaginous. D) synovial. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱjointsȱthatȱconnectȱtheȱfourȱfingersȱwithȱtheȱmetacarpalȱbonesȱare A) ellipsoidȱjoints. B) saddleȱjoints. C) pivotȱjoints. D) hingeȱjoints. E) condyloidȱjoints. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Completeȱdislocationȱofȱtheȱkneeȱisȱaȱrareȱbecause A) theȱkneeȱisȱprotectedȱbyȱtheȱpatella. B) theȱfemurȱarticulatesȱwithȱtheȱtibiaȱatȱtheȱknee. C) theȱkneeȱcontainsȱsevenȱmajorȱligaments. D) theȱkneeȱcontainsȱfatȱpadsȱtoȱabsorbȱshocks. E) theȱkneeȱisȱextremelyȱresilient. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱabduction? A) openingȱtheȱmouth B) turningȱtheȱhandȱpalmȱupward C) extremeȱbendingȱofȱtheȱheadȱbackwards D) movingȱtheȱhandȱtowardȱtheȱshoulder E) spreadingȱtheȱfingers Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

50) Theȱsynarthrosisȱthatȱbindsȱtheȱteethȱtoȱtheȱbonyȱsocketsȱisȱa A) suture. B) gomphosis. C) synchondrosis. D) synotosis. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Theȱsurfaceȱofȱarticularȱcartilageȱis A) slick. B) flat. C) smooth. D) rough. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccursȱwhenȱtheȱarticularȱcartilageȱisȱdamaged? A) Theȱmatrixȱbeginsȱtoȱbreakȱdown. B) Theȱexposedȱsurfaceȱchangesȱtoȱaȱroughȱfeltwork. C) Frictionȱinȱtheȱjointȱincreases. D) Normalȱsynovialȱjointȱfunctionȱisȱunableȱtoȱcontinue. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) CurlingȱintoȱtheȱȈfetalȱpositionȈȱ________ȱtheȱintervertebralȱjoints. A) hyperextends B) flexes C) abducts D) extends E) rotates Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Anȱextensionȱpastȱtheȱanatomicalȱpositionȱisȱknownȱas A) doubleȱjointed. B) extension. C) flexion. D) rotation. E) hyperextension. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱflexion? A) openingȱtheȱmouth B) turningȱtheȱhandȱpalmȱupward C) extremeȱbendingȱofȱtheȱheadȱbackwards D) movingȱtheȱhandȱtowardȱtheȱshoulder E) spreadingȱtheȱfingers Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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56) Aȱtwistingȱmotionȱofȱtheȱfootȱthatȱturnsȱtheȱsoleȱofȱtheȱfootȱoutwardȱisȱknownȱas A) inversion. B) plantarȱflexion. C) eversion. D) dorsiflexion. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Whichȱfootȱmovementȱenablesȱtheȱballerinaȱtoȱstandȱonȱherȱtoes? A) dorsiflexion B) plantarȱflexion C) inversion D) rotation E) eversion Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

58) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱstructuralȱclassificationsȱofȱsynovialȱjoints,ȱexceptȱ A) hinge. B) gliding. C) rolling. D) saddle. E) pivot. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱjointsȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱball-and-socketȱjoint? A) elbow B) knee C) ankle D) wrist E) shoulder Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱsupination? A) openingȱtheȱmouth B) turningȱtheȱhandȱpalmȱupward C) extremeȱbendingȱofȱtheȱheadȱbackwards D) movingȱtheȱhandȱtowardȱtheȱshoulder E) spreadingȱtheȱfingers Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱoccurȱatȱtheȱintervertebralȱjoints,ȱexceptȱ A) flexion. B) rotation. C) dorsiflexion. D) lateralȱflexion. E) extension. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱligamentsȱassistȱinȱstabilizationȱofȱtheȱshoulderȱjoint? A) coracoacromial B) subscapularis C) coracoclavicular D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱathletesȱareȱatȱgreatestȱriskȱofȱdevelopingȱaȱrotatorȱcuffȱinjury? A) tennisȱplayers B) white-waterȱkayakers C) runners D) baseballȱpitchers E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Theȱlargestȱandȱstrongestȱarticulationȱatȱtheȱelbowȱisȱthe A) humero-ulnarȱjoint. B) ulnarȱjoint. C) ulnaradialȱjoint. D) radialȱjoint. E) humeroradialȱjoint. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱconsideredȱtoȱbeȱanȱaccessoryȱsynovialȱstructure? A) fatȱpads B) menisci C) tendons D) bursae E) synovialȱmembrane Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Degenerativeȱchangesȱinȱaȱjointȱcanȱbeȱtheȱresultȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) bursitis. B) bacterialȱinfection. C) mechanicalȱstress. D) immobilizationȱofȱtheȱjoint. E) inflammation. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) NoddingȱyourȱheadȱȈyesȈȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) lateralȱandȱmedialȱrotation. B) circumduction. C) flexionȱandȱextension. D) pronationȱandȱsupination. E) protractionȱandȱretraction. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmovementsȱwouldȱyouȱassociateȱwithȱchewingȱfood? A) elevation B) abduction C) flexion D) pronation E) circumduction Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Liftingȱaȱstoneȱwithȱtheȱtipȱofȱfootȱis A) circumduction. B) eversion. C) inversion. D) plantarȱflexion. E) dorsiflexion. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Musclesȱthatȱextendȱtheȱelbowȱattachȱtoȱthe A) coronoidȱprocess. B) radialȱtuberosity. C) olecranonȱprocess. D) medialȱepicondyle. E) lateralȱepicondyle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) Contractionȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱthatȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱradialȱtuberosityȱresultsȱin A) flexionȱofȱtheȱforearm. B) extensionȱofȱtheȱforearm. C) abductionȱofȱtheȱforearm. D) adductionȱofȱtheȱforearm. E) rotationȱofȱtheȱshoulder. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Theȱjointsȱthatȱareȱsubjectedȱtoȱtheȱgreatestȱloadȱareȱfoundȱinȱthe A) ankles. B) knees. C) hands. D) spine. E) hips. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Syndesmosisȱisȱtoȱligamentȱasȱsymphysisȱisȱto A) fibrousȱcartilage. B) denseȱregularȱconnectiveȱtissue. C) periodontalȱligament. D) rigidȱcartilaginousȱbridge. E) completelyȱfused. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Theȱmostȱcommonȱathleticȱkneeȱinjuryȱproducesȱdamageȱtoȱthe A) patella. B) lateralȱmeniscus. C) ligaments. D) tendons. E) medialȱmeniscus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱarticularȱcartilage? A) coveredȱbyȱperichondrium B) lubricatedȱbyȱsynovialȱfluid C) enclosedȱbyȱaȱcapsule D) similarȱtoȱhyalineȱcartilage E) smooth,ȱlow-frictionȱsurface Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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Figureȱ9- 1ȱBonesȱofȱtheȱWristȱandȱHand UseȱFigureȱ9- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 76) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱjointȱatȱlabelȱȈ5.Ȉ A) hinge B) ellipsoid C) gliding D) saddle E) pivot Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱjointȱatȱlabelȱȈ4.Ȉ A) hinge B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) saddle E) pivot Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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78) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱjointȱatȱlabelȱȈ3.Ȉ A) hinge B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) saddle E) pivot Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱjointȱatȱlabelȱȈ2.Ȉ A) hinge B) ellipsoid C) gliding D) saddle E) pivot Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱjointȱatȱlabelȱȈ1.Ȉ A) hinge B) ellipsoid C) gliding D) saddle E) pivot Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ9- 2ȱAȱSimplifiedȱSectionalȱViewȱofȱtheȱKneeȱJoint UseȱFigureȱ9- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 81) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱatȱlabelȱȈ1.Ȉ A) meniscus B) bursa C) articularȱcartilage D) synovialȱmembrane E) jointȱcavity Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Whichȱstructureȱactsȱasȱaȱcushionȱandȱconsistsȱofȱfibrocartilage? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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83) WhatȱtypeȱofȱtissueȱoccursȱatȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3Ȉ? A) fibrocartilage B) synovialȱmembrane C) hyalineȱcartilage D) boneȱtissue E) denseȱconnectiveȱtissue Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) serousȱmembrane B) synovialȱmembrane C) jointȱcapsule D) periosteum E) intracapsularȱligament Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) serousȱmembrane B) synovialȱmembrane C) jointȱcapsule D) periosteum E) intracapsularȱligament Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱlocationȱwhereȱtwoȱbonesȱmeetȱisȱcalledȱaȱjointȱorȱanȱ________. Answer: articulation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Structurally,ȱtheȱpublicȱsymphysisȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱa(n)ȱ________ȱarticulation. Answer: amphiarthrotic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) ________ȱsubdivideȱsynovialȱcavities,ȱchannelȱtheȱflowȱofȱsynovialȱfluid,ȱandȱallowȱforȱvariationsȱinȱtheȱshapes ofȱtheȱarticularȱsurfaces. Answer: Menisci Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Usuallyȱfoundȱoutsideȱtheȱcapsule,ȱ________ȱprotectȱtheȱarticularȱcartilagesȱandȱactȱasȱpackingȱmaterialȱforȱthe joint. Answer: fatȱpads Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Smallȱpocketsȱofȱsynovialȱfluidȱthatȱreduceȱfrictionȱandȱactȱasȱaȱshockȱabsorberȱwhereȱligamentsȱandȱtendons rubȱagainstȱotherȱtissuesȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: bursae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Aȱ________ȱoccursȱwhenȱarticulatingȱsurfacesȱareȱforcedȱoutȱofȱposition. Answer: dislocation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Extendingȱaȱbodyȱpartȱpastȱtheȱanatomicalȱpositionȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: hyperextension Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱmovementȱofȱrotatingȱaȱlimbȱtowardȱtheȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: medialȱrotationȱ(orȱinternalȱrotation) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱmovementȱofȱrotatingȱaȱlimbȱoutwardȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: lateralȱrotationȱ(orȱexternalȱrotation) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Youȱ________ȱyourȱjawȱwhenȱyouȱgraspȱyourȱupperȱlipȱwithȱyourȱlowerȱteeth. Answer: protract Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Arthritisȱalwaysȱinvolvesȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱcartilages,ȱbutȱtheȱspecificȱcauseȱcanȱvary. Answer: articular Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱmovementȱofȱaȱbodyȱpartȱupwardȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: elevation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱmovementȱofȱaȱbodyȱpartȱdownwardȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: depression Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱglenoidȱfossaȱisȱrimmedȱbyȱtheȱfibrocartilaginousȱ________. Answer: glenoidȱlabrum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱcoxalȱbonesȱarticulateȱwithȱtheȱsacrumȱatȱtheȱ________ȱjoint. Answer: sacroiliac Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱligamentȱthatȱenclosesȱtheȱ________ȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱtibialȱtuberosity. Answer: patella Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱkneeȱjointȱisȱstabilizedȱbyȱ________ȱmajorȱligaments. Answer: 7 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱtheȱcorrectȱdefinition. 1. synarthrosis 2. amphiarthrosis 3. diarthrosis

A) slightlyȱmovableȱjoint B) immovableȱjoint C) freelyȱmovingȱjoint

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-A;ȱ3-C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱtheȱcorrectȱdefinition. 1. glidingȱjoint 2. pivotȱjoint 3. hingeȱjoint 4. ellipsoidȱjoint

A) ankleȱjoint B) sacroiliacȱjoint C) radiocarpalȱjoint D) proximalȱradioulnarȱjoint

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-D;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Aȱ________ȱisȱaȱtenderȱnoduleȱformedȱaroundȱbursaeȱoverȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱgreatȱtoe. Answer: bunion Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

21) ________ȱisȱaȱgeneralȱtermȱforȱpainȱandȱstiffnessȱthatȱaffectsȱtheȱskeletalȱorȱmuscularȱsystem. Answer: Rheumatism Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Theȱprimaryȱsignȱofȱ________ȱisȱsynovitis,ȱswellingȱandȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱsynovialȱmembrane. Answer: rheumatoidȱarthritis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

23) Theȱshoulderȱjoint,ȱorȱ________ȱjoint,ȱpermitsȱtheȱgreatestȱrangeȱofȱmotionȱofȱanyȱjoint. Answer: glenohumeral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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24) Theȱhipȱjointȱcanȱalsoȱbeȱreferredȱtoȱasȱtheȱ________ȱjoint. Answer: coxal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Listȱtheȱtypesȱofȱmovementȱthatȱmayȱbeȱpermittedȱatȱaȱsynovialȱjoint. Answer: linear,ȱglidingȱmotion,ȱangularȱmotionȱ(flexion,ȱextension,ȱadduction,ȱabduction,ȱcircumduction), rotation,ȱandȱaȱseriesȱofȱspecialȱmovementsȱ(eversion,ȱinversion,ȱprotraction,ȱretraction,ȱelevation,ȱand depression) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Listȱtheȱthreeȱfunctionsȱofȱsynovialȱfluid. Answer: lubrication,ȱnutrientȱdistribution,ȱshockȱabsorption Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

27) ________ȱareȱsmallȱfluid-filledȱpocketsȱinȱconnectiveȱtissue. Answer: Bursae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Theȱdistalȱarticulationȱbetweenȱtheȱtibiaȱandȱtheȱfibulaȱisȱknownȱasȱaȱsyndesmosisȱjoint. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱstrongerȱandȱmoreȱstableȱaȱjointȱis,ȱtheȱlessȱmobilityȱitȱhas. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

EssayȱQuestions 1) Howȱareȱosteoarthritisȱandȱrheumatoidȱarthritisȱdifferent? Answer: OsteoarthritisȱisȱaȱȈwear-and-tearȈȱdiseaseȱseenȱusuallyȱinȱtheȱelderly.ȱRheumatoidȱarthritisȱisȱan autoimmuneȱdiseaseȱinȱwhichȱtheȱbodyȇsȱimmuneȱsystemȱattacksȱsynovialȱjoints,ȱtriggeredȱbyȱan infectionȱorȱsomeȱotherȱcause. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) Whenȱtheȱtricepsȱbrachiiȱmuscleȱcontracts,ȱwhatȱmovementsȱdoesȱitȱproduce? Answer: Theȱtricepsȱbrachiiȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱolecranonȱprocess.ȱContractionȱofȱtheȱtricepsȱbrachiiȱmuscleȱcausesȱthe ulnaȱtoȱrotateȱaroundȱtheȱdistalȱhumerus,ȱcausingȱextensionȱofȱtheȱforearm. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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3) Whyȱisȱtheȱinferiorȱregionȱofȱtheȱshoulderȱjointȱmostȱvulnerableȱtoȱdislocation? Answer: Theȱanterior,ȱsuperior,ȱandȱposteriorȱsurfacesȱofȱtheȱshoulderȱjointȱareȱreinforcedȱbyȱligaments,ȱmuscles, andȱtendons,ȱbutȱtheȱinferiorȱcapsuleȱisȱpoorlyȱreinforced.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱaȱdislocationȱcausedȱbyȱanȱimpact orȱaȱviolentȱmuscleȱcontractionȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱtoȱoccurȱatȱthisȱsite.ȱSuchȱaȱdislocationȱcanȱtearȱtheȱinferior capsularȱwallȱandȱtheȱglenoidȱlabrum. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Aȱhighȱschoolȱstudentȱcomesȱtoȱtheȱemergencyȱroomȱcomplainingȱofȱpersistentȱpainȱandȱstiffnessȱinȱher shoulderȱjoint.ȱInȱtalkingȱwithȱher,ȱyouȱdiscoverȱthatȱsheȱhasȱbeenȱspendingȱmanyȱhoursȱtryingȱtoȱimproveȱher pitchingȱskillsȱforȱherȱschoolȇsȱsoftballȱteam.ȱWhatȱisȱlikelyȱcausingȱtheȱpain? Answer: Herȱpainȱisȱprobablyȱcausedȱbyȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱrotatorȱcuff,ȱwhichȱcanȱresultȱfromȱrepetitiveȱmotion, trauma,ȱorȱexcessiveȱforce.ȱTheȱrotatorȱcuffȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱtendonsȱofȱfourȱmusclesȱthatȱstabilizeȱthe shoulderȱjoint.ȱIfȱtorn,ȱsurgicalȱrepairȱmayȱbeȱindicated. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ10 MuscleȱTissue MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱrecognizedȱfunctionȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle? A) produceȱmovement B) maintainȱposture C) maintainȱbodyȱtemperature D) guardȱbodyȱentrancesȱandȱexits E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱincorrect? A) Theȱcontractionsȱofȱskeletalȱmusclesȱpullȱonȱtendonsȱandȱmoveȱbonesȱofȱtheȱskeleton. B) Skeletalȱmusclesȱstoreȱnutrientȱreserves. C) Skeletalȱmusclesȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱpumpingȱactionȱofȱtheȱheart. D) Skeletalȱmusclesȱsupportȱtheȱweightȱofȱsomeȱinternalȱorgans. E) Skeletalȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱhelpȱmaintainȱbodyȱtemperature. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱdenseȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱanȱentireȱskeletalȱmuscleȱisȱthe A) tendon. B) epimysium. C) endomysium. D) perimysium. E) fascicle. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Nervesȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱserviceȱtheȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱofȱthe A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) sarcolemma. D) sarcomere. E) myofibrils. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱdelicateȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱandȱtiesȱadjacentȱmuscleȱfibersȱtogether isȱthe A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) epimysium. D) superficialȱfascia. E) periosteum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱbundleȱofȱcollagenȱfibersȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱthatȱattachesȱtheȱmuscleȱtoȱboneȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) fascicle. B) tendon. C) ligament. D) epimysium. E) myofibril. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) MuscleȱfibersȱdifferȱfromȱȈtypicalȱcellsȈȱinȱthatȱmuscleȱfibers A) lackȱaȱplasmaȱmembrane. B) haveȱmanyȱnuclei. C) areȱveryȱsmall. D) lackȱmitochondria. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱadvantageȱofȱhavingȱmanyȱnucleiȱinȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱis A) theȱabilityȱtoȱcontract. B) theȱabilityȱtoȱproduceȱmoreȱATPȱwithȱlittleȱoxygen. C) theȱabilityȱtoȱstoreȱextraȱDNAȱforȱmetabolism. D) theȱabilityȱtoȱproduceȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱproteinsȱneededȱforȱgrowthȱandȱrepair. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Skeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱformedȱfromȱembryonicȱcellsȱcalled A) sarcomeres. B) myofibrils. C) myoblasts. D) fascicles. E) myomeres. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱofȱskeletalȱmuscleȱisȱcalledȱthe A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcosome. D) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum. E) sarcoplasm. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱsarcomere? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱandȱreleaseȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱrepeatingȱunitȱofȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱthe A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum. D) myofibril. E) myofilament. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Interactionsȱbetweenȱactinȱandȱmyosinȱfilamentsȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱareȱresponsibleȱfor A) muscleȱfatigue. B) theȱconductionȱofȱneuralȱstimulationȱtoȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber. C) muscleȱcontraction. D) muscleȱrelaxation. E) theȱstripedȱappearanceȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Inȱaȱsarcomere,ȱthickȱfilamentsȱareȱlinkedȱlaterallyȱbyȱproteinsȱofȱthe A) Zȱline. B) Mȱline. C) Hȱband. D) Aȱband. E) Iȱband. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱZȱline? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱcontainingȱtheȱthickȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline. B) Mȱline. C) Hȱband. D) Aȱband. E) Iȱband. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱsarcomereȱthatȱalwaysȱcontainsȱthinȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline. B) Mȱline. C) Hȱband. D) Aȱband. E) Iȱband. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) TheȱareaȱinȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱthatȱcontainsȱnoȱthinȱfilamentsȱisȱthe A) Zȱline. B) Mȱline. C) Hȱband. D) Iȱband. E) zoneȱofȱoverlap. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Eachȱthinȱfilamentȱconsistsȱof A) twoȱproteinȱstrandsȱcoiledȱhelicallyȱaroundȱeachȱother. B) chainsȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules. C) sixȱmoleculesȱcoiledȱintoȱaȱhelicalȱstructure. D) aȱrod-shapedȱstructureȱwithȱȈheadsȈȱprojectingȱfromȱeachȱend. E) aȱdoubleȱstrandȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱtitin? A) proteinȱthatȱaccountsȱforȱelasticityȱofȱrestingȱmuscle B) repeatingȱunitȱofȱstriatedȱmyofibrils C) storageȱsiteȱforȱcalciumȱions D) thinȱfilamentsȱareȱanchoredȱhere E) largelyȱmadeȱofȱmyosinȱmolecules Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcomplexȱknownȱasȱtheȱtriadȱconsistsȱof A) actin,ȱmyosin,ȱandȱfilaments. B) aȱtransverseȱtubuleȱandȱtwoȱterminalȱcisternae. C) filaments,ȱmyofibrils,ȱandȱsarcomeres. D) Aȱbands,ȱHȱbands,ȱandȱIȱbands. E) actin,ȱmyosin,ȱandȱsarcomeres. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Cross-bridgesȱareȱportionsȱof A) actinȱmolecules. B) myosinȱmolecules. C) troponinȱmolecules. D) tropomyosinȱmolecules. E) calciumȱions. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

24) Atȱrest,ȱactiveȱsitesȱonȱtheȱactinȱareȱblockedȱby A) myosinȱmolecules. B) troponinȱmolecules. C) tropomyosinȱmolecules. D) calciumȱions. E) ATPȱmolecules. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Atȱrest,ȱtheȱtropomyosinȱmoleculeȱisȱheldȱinȱplaceȱby A) actinȱmolecules. B) myosinȱmolecules. C) troponinȱmolecules. D) ATPȱmolecules. E) calciumȱions. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Eachȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱcontrolledȱbyȱaȱmotorȱneuronȱatȱaȱsingle A) synapticȱknob. B) sarcomere. C) neuromuscularȱjunction. D) synapticȱcleft. E) transverseȱtubule. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱnarrowȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱsynapticȱterminalȱandȱtheȱmuscleȱfiberȱisȱthe A) synapticȱknob. B) motorȱendȱplate. C) motorȱunit. D) synapticȱcleft. E) Mȱline. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Receptorsȱforȱacetylcholineȱareȱlocatedȱonȱthe A) synapticȱknob. B) motorȱendȱplate. C) sarcomere. D) synapticȱcleft. E) transverseȱtubule. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱconductedȱintoȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱby A) motorȱendȱplates. B) neuromuscularȱjunctions. C) transverseȱtubules. D) triads. E) sarcoplasmicȱreticulum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Activeȱsitesȱonȱtheȱactinȱbecomeȱavailableȱforȱbindingȱafter A) actinȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin. B) troponinȱbindsȱtoȱtropomyosin. C) calciumȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin. D) calciumȱbindsȱtoȱtropomyosin. E) myosinȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Inȱresponseȱtoȱactionȱpotentialsȱarrivingȱalongȱtheȱtransverseȱtubules,ȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulumȱreleases A) acetylcholine. B) sodiumȱions. C) potassiumȱions. D) calciumȱions. E) hydrogenȱions. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱactsȱasȱanȱATPaseȱduringȱtheȱcontractionȱcycleȱofȱmuscle? A) actinȱmolecules B) troponinȱmolecules C) tropomyosinȱmolecules D) theȱheadȱportionȱofȱtheȱmyosinȱmolecule E) theȱtailȱportionȱofȱtheȱmyosinȱmolecule Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Whenȱcalciumȱionȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin, A) tropomyosinȱmovesȱintoȱtheȱgrooveȱbetweenȱtheȱhelicalȱactinȱstrands. B) activeȱsitesȱonȱtheȱmyosinȱareȱexposed. C) actinȱheadsȱwillȱbindȱtoȱmyosin. D) muscleȱrelaxationȱoccurs. E) myosinȱshortens. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱmostȱimportantȱfactorȱinȱdecreasingȱtheȱintracellularȱconcentrationȱofȱcalciumȱionȱafterȱcontractionȱis A) activeȱtransportȱofȱcalciumȱacrossȱtheȱsarcolemma. B) activeȱtransportȱofȱcalciumȱintoȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. C) activeȱtransportȱofȱcalciumȱintoȱtheȱsynapticȱcleft. D) diffusionȱofȱcalciumȱoutȱofȱtheȱcell. E) diffusionȱofȱcalciumȱintoȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbecomeȱconnectedȱbyȱmyosinȱcross-bridgesȱduringȱmuscleȱcontraction? A) thinȱfilamentsȱandȱthickȱfilaments B) thickȱfilamentsȱandȱtitinȱfilaments C) zȱdisksȱandȱactinȱfilaments D) thickȱfilamentsȱandȱt-tubules E) thinȱfilamentsȱandȱt-tubules Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Calciumȱionsȱareȱbindingȱtoȱtroponinȱduringȱtheȱ________ȱofȱaȱmuscleȱtwitch. A) latentȱperiod B) contractionȱphase C) recoveryȱphase D) relaxationȱphase E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱrapidȱriseȱandȱfallȱinȱforceȱproducedȱbyȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱafterȱaȱsingleȱactionȱpotentialȱis A) aȱtetanus. B) anȱunfusedȱtetanus. C) aȱtwitch. D) anȱendȱplateȱpotential. E) aȱmuscleȱactionȱpotential. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Whenȱaȱmuscleȱisȱstimulatedȱrepeatedlyȱatȱaȱhighȱrate,ȱtheȱamountȱofȱtensionȱgraduallyȱincreasesȱtoȱaȱsteady maximumȱtension.ȱThisȱisȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus. B) completeȱtetanus. C) aȱtwitch. D) waveȱsummation. E) recruitment. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Aȱmuscleȱproducingȱtensionȱthatȱpeaksȱandȱfallsȱatȱintermediateȱstimulusȱratesȱisȱsaidȱtoȱbeȱin A) incompleteȱtetanus. B) completeȱtetanus. C) treppe. D) waveȱsummation. E) recruitment. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Ifȱaȱsecondȱstimulusȱarrivesȱbeforeȱtheȱrelaxationȱphaseȱhasȱended,ȱaȱsecond,ȱmoreȱpowerfulȱcontractionȱoccurs. Thisȱisȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus. B) completeȱtetanus. C) treppe. D) waveȱsummation. E) recruitment. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Aȱsingleȱmotorȱneuronȱtogetherȱwithȱallȱtheȱmuscleȱfibersȱitȱinnervatesȱisȱcalled A) anȱendȱfoot. B) anȱendȱplate. C) aȱmotorȱunit. D) aȱdermatome. E) aȱmyotome. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱincreaseȱinȱmuscleȱtensionȱthatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱincreasingȱtheȱnumberȱofȱactiveȱmotorȱunitsȱisȱcalled A) incompleteȱtetanus. B) completeȱtetanus. C) treppe. D) waveȱsummation. E) recruitment. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱtypeȱofȱcontractionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱmuscleȱfibersȱdoȱnotȱshortenȱisȱcalled A) tetany. B) treppe. C) concentric. D) isotonic. E) isometric. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) AȱrestingȱmuscleȱgeneratesȱmostȱofȱitsȱATPȱby A) hydrolysisȱofȱcreatineȱphosphate. B) anaerobicȱrespiration. C) aerobicȱmetabolismȱofȱfattyȱacids. D) glycogenolysis. E) theȱtricarboxylicȱacidȱcycle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Creatineȱphosphate A) isȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱofȱanaerobicȱrespiration. B) canȱreplaceȱATPȱinȱbindingȱtoȱmyosinȱmoleculesȱduringȱcontraction. C) actsȱasȱanȱenergyȱreserveȱinȱmuscleȱtissue. D) isȱonlyȱformedȱduringȱstrenuousȱexercise. E) cannotȱtransferȱitsȱphosphateȱgroupȱtoȱADP. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Duringȱanaerobicȱglycolysis A) ATPȱisȱproduced. B) pyruvicȱacidȱisȱproduced. C) oxygenȱisȱnotȱconsumed. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Atȱpeakȱlevelsȱofȱmuscleȱexertionȱtheȱmitochondriaȱcanȱsupply A) allȱofȱtheȱenergyȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱmuscle. B) 80ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱenergyȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱmuscle. C) moreȱthanȱhalfȱofȱtheȱenergyȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱmuscle. D) onlyȱaboutȱone-thirdȱofȱtheȱenergyȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱmuscle. E) onlyȱaboutȱ10ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱenergyȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱmuscle. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Afterȱheavyȱexercise,ȱifȱenergyȱreservesȱinȱaȱmuscleȱareȱdepleted,ȱ________ȱoccurs. A) anȱoxygenȱdebt B) paralysis C) treppe D) tetanus E) atrophy Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Duringȱtheȱrecoveryȱperiodȱfollowingȱexercise,ȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrue, exceptȱ A) lacticȱacidȱisȱremovedȱfromȱmuscleȱcells. B) theȱmuscleȱactivelyȱproducesȱATP. C) muscleȱfibersȱareȱunableȱtoȱcontract. D) oxygenȱisȱconsumedȱatȱaboveȱtheȱrestingȱrate. E) heatȱisȱgenerated. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) DuringȱtheȱCoriȱcycle,ȱinȱtheȱliver A) glucoseȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱglycogen. B) lacticȱacidȱisȱproducedȱfromȱglucose. C) glucoseȱisȱproducedȱfromȱlacticȱacid. D) lacticȱacidȱisȱproducedȱfromȱpyruvicȱacid. E) lacticȱacidȱisȱshuffledȱtoȱmuscleȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Duringȱtheȱrecoveryȱperiodȱtheȱbodyȇsȱneedȱforȱoxygenȱisȱincreasedȱbecause A) muscleȱcellsȱareȱproducingȱenergyȱanaerobically. B) theȱindividualȱisȱpanting. C) additionalȱoxygenȱisȱrequiredȱtoȱrestoreȱenergyȱreservesȱconsumedȱduringȱexercise. D) theȱliverȱrequiresȱmoreȱoxygenȱtoȱproduceȱlacticȱacid. E) theȱmusclesȱareȱnotȱproducingȱATP. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Fastȱfibers A) haveȱlowȱresistanceȱtoȱfatigue. B) relyȱonȱaerobicȱmetabolism. C) haveȱmanyȱmitochondria. D) haveȱtwitchesȱwithȱaȱveryȱbriefȱcontractionȱphase. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱtypeȱofȱmuscleȱfiberȱthatȱisȱmostȱresistantȱtoȱfatigueȱisȱtheȱ________ȱfiber. A) fast B) slow C) intermediate D) anaerobic E) high-density Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Muscularȱforceȱcanȱbeȱadjustedȱtoȱmatchȱdifferentȱloadsȱby A) varyingȱtheȱfrequencyȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱinȱmotorȱneurons B) recruitingȱlargerȱmotorȱunits C) recruitingȱmoreȱmotorȱunits D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNmuscleȱcontractionȱisȱall-or-none. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

55) Duringȱactivitiesȱrequiringȱaerobicȱendurance A) glycogenȱandȱglycolysisȱareȱtheȱprimaryȱsourcesȱofȱreserveȱenergy. B) oxygenȱdebtsȱareȱcommon. C) mostȱofȱtheȱmuscleȇsȱenergyȱisȱproducedȱinȱmitochondria. D) fatigueȱoccursȱinȱaȱfewȱminutes. E) oxygenȱisȱnotȱrequired. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Fastȱmuscleȱfibersȱcanȱadaptȱtoȱaerobicȱmetabolismȱbyȱgeneratingȱmoreȱmitochondriaȱinȱresponseȱto A) repeated,ȱexhaustiveȱstimulation. B) sustainedȱlowȱlevelsȱofȱmuscleȱactivity. C) highȱamountsȱofȱoxygen. D) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱtestosterone. E) prolongedȱperiodsȱofȱinactivity. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱ(are)ȱtrueȱregardingȱhumanȱmuscles? A) Mostȱhaveȱbothȱslowȱandȱfastȱfibers. B) Slowȱfibersȱareȱabundantȱinȱtheȱcalfȱmuscles. C) Eyeȱmusclesȱareȱcomposedȱentirelyȱofȱfastȱfibers. D) Slowȱfibersȱareȱabundantȱinȱtheȱbackȱmuscles. E) Allȱofȱtheȱabove. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Whenȱcomparingȱslowȱmotorȱunitsȱtoȱfastȱmotorȱunits,ȱslowȱunits A) takeȱaboutȱthreeȱtimesȱasȱlongȱtoȱreachȱpeakȱtension. B) haveȱmuchȱsmallerȱfiberȱdiameters. C) generateȱmuchȱlessȱtension. D) areȱrichȱinȱtheȱredȱproteinȱmyoglobin. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Heatȱenergyȱproducedȱfromȱmuscleȱcontractionȱisȱreleasedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱsystem. A) integumentary B) respiratory C) cardiovascular D) urinary E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

60) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱfalse? A) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱcannotȱbeȱsummated. B) Skeletalȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱmayȱbeȱsummated. C) Skeletalȱmuscleȱstimulationȱisȱneural. D) Cardiacȱmuscleȱstimulationȱisȱneural. E) Cardiocytesȱareȱinterconnectedȱthroughȱintercalatedȱdiscs. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱcharacteristicȱofȱsmoothȱmuscle? A) Smoothȱmuscleȱconnectiveȱtissueȱformsȱtendonsȱandȱaponeuroses. B) Neuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱsmoothȱmusclesȱareȱunderȱinvoluntaryȱcontrol. C) Smoothȱmusclesȱareȱuninucleate. D) Smoothȱmusclesȱdoȱnotȱcontainȱsarcomeres. E) Theȱthinȱfilamentsȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱfibersȱareȱattachedȱtoȱdenseȱbodies. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtissue? A) alteringȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassageways B) elevatingȱhairsȱonȱtheȱarm C) forcingȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱheartȱintoȱtheȱmajorȱarteries D) movingȱfoodȱmaterialsȱalongȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract E) forcingȱurineȱoutȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱtract Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱabilityȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtoȱfunctionȱoverȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱlengthsȱisȱcalled A) elasticity. B) contractility. C) extensibility. D) plasticity. E) variability. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Muscleȱtissue,ȱoneȱofȱtheȱfourȱbasicȱtissueȱgroups,ȱconsistsȱchieflyȱofȱcellsȱthatȱareȱhighlyȱspecializedȱfor A) conduction. B) contraction. C) peristalsis. D) cushioning E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱtypesȱofȱmuscleȱtissueȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) striatedȱmuscle. B) cardiacȱmuscle. C) smoothȱmuscle. D) skeletalȱmuscle. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Atȱeachȱendȱofȱtheȱmuscle,ȱtheȱcollagenȱfibersȱofȱtheȱepimysium,ȱandȱeachȱperimysiumȱandȱendomysium,ȱcome togetherȱtoȱformȱa A) tendon. B) satelliteȱcell. C) ligament. D) tenosynovium. E) sheath. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱtypeȱofȱmotorȱunit? A) redNfastȱtwitch B) whiteNslowȱtwitch C) whiteNfastȱtwitch D) redNslowȱtwitch E) Allȱofȱtheseȱareȱwellȱknown. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Theȱthinȱfilamentsȱofȱstriatedȱmuscleȱareȱmadeȱofȱwhichȱprotein(s)? A) actin B) tropomyosin C) troponin D) nebulin E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) ComparedȱtoȱaȱȈtypicalȈȱbodyȱcell,ȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcellsȱare A) largerȱthanȱnormalȱcells. B) multinucleate. C) filledȱwithȱcrystallineȱ3-Dȱarraysȱofȱfibrousȱproteins. D) capableȱofȱrapidȱshorteningȱagainstȱaȱload. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

70) Eachȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱcontainsȱ________ȱmyofibrils. A) 50ȱtoȱ100 B) 100ȱtoȱ150 C) 150ȱtoȱ200 D) 200ȱtoȱ500 E) hundredsȱtoȱthousands Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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71) Whenȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱcontracts, A) theȱHȱbandsȱandȱIȱbandsȱgetȱsmaller. B) theȱzonesȱofȱoverlapȱgetȱlarger. C) theȱZȱlinesȱgetȱcloserȱtogether. D) theȱwidthȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱremainsȱconstant. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Sinceȱeachȱmyofibrilȱisȱattachedȱatȱeitherȱendȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber,ȱwhenȱsarcomeresȱshorten,ȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber A) lengthens. B) shortens. C) strengthens. D) weakens. E) notȱenoughȱinformationȱtoȱsay Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

73) Whichȱstatementȱaboutȱtheȱmicroscopicȱanatomyȱofȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱisȱtrue? A) Tubularȱextensionsȱofȱtheȱsarcolemmaȱpenetrateȱtheȱfiberȱtransversely. B) Crossȱstriationsȱresultȱfromȱtheȱlateralȱalignmentȱofȱthickȱandȱthinȱfilaments. C) Eachȱfiberȱhasȱmanyȱnuclei. D) Muscleȱfibersȱareȱcontinuousȱfromȱtendonȱtoȱtendon. E) Allȱareȱtrue. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Theȱcytoplasmȱofȱtheȱneuromuscularȱterminalȱcontainsȱvesiclesȱfilledȱwithȱmoleculesȱofȱtheȱneurotransmitter A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) antidiureticȱhormone. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Whichȱstatementȱaboutȱexcitation-contractionȱcouplingȱisȱincorrect? A) Calciumȱionȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱtransverseȱtubule. B) Calciumȱionȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. C) Tropomyosinȱmovesȱtoȱexposeȱmyosinȱbindingȱsitesȱonȱactin. D) Troponinȱbindsȱcalciumȱionȱandȱsignalsȱtropomyosinȱtoȱmove. E) Relaxationȱrequiresȱuptakeȱofȱcalciumȱionȱbyȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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76) Aerobicȱmetabolismȱnormallyȱprovidesȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱATPȱdemandsȱofȱaȱrestingȱmuscleȱcell. A) 25 B) 50 C) 70 D) 95 E) 100 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Inȱanȱisotonicȱcontraction, A) muscleȱtensionȱexceedsȱtheȱloadȱandȱtheȱmuscleȱliftsȱtheȱload. B) tensionȱrisesȱandȱfallsȱbutȱtheȱmuscleȱlengthȱisȱconstant. C) theȱpeakȱtensionȱisȱlessȱthanȱtheȱload. D) manyȱtwitchesȱfuseȱintoȱone. E) flexionȱisȱproduced. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) Theȱcontractionȱofȱaȱmuscleȱexertsȱaȱpullȱonȱaȱboneȱbecause A) musclesȱareȱattachedȱtoȱbonesȱbyȱligaments. B) musclesȱareȱattachedȱtoȱbonesȱbyȱbursae. C) musclesȱareȱattachedȱtoȱbonesȱbyȱtendons. D) AȱorȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱorȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Large-diameter,ȱdenselyȱpackedȱmyofibrils,ȱlargeȱglycogenȱreserves,ȱandȱfewȱmitochondriaȱareȱcharacteristics of A) slowȱfibers. B) intermediateȱfibers. C) fastȱfibers. D) redȱmuscles. E) fattyȱmuscles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Whenȱcontractionȱoccurs, A) theȱHȱbandsȱgetȱsmaller. B) theȱZȱlinesȱmoveȱcloserȱtogether. C) theȱwidthȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱremainsȱconstant. D) theȱIȱbandsȱgetȱsmaller. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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81) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱdirectlyȱstimulatesȱgrowthȱofȱmuscleȱtissue,ȱleadingȱtoȱincreasedȱmuscle mass? A) epinephrine B) thyroidȱhormone C) testosterone D) parathyroidȱhormone E) calcitonin Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) BecauseȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱdemandȱlargeȱquantitiesȱofȱATP,ȱskeletalȱmusclesȱhave A) aȱrichȱnerveȱsupply. B) aȱrichȱbloodȱsupply. C) abundantȱmitochondria. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Inȱrigorȱmortis A) theȱmyosinȱheadsȱareȱattachedȱtoȱactin. B) ATPȱisȱdepleted. C) musclesȱareȱinextensible. D) cross-bridgeȱcyclingȱisȱabsent. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Physicalȱevidenceȱthatȱsupportsȱtheȱslidingȱfilamentȱtheoryȱofȱmuscleȱcontractionȱincludes A) constantȱdistanceȱbetweenȱZȱlinesȱduringȱcontraction. B) decreasedȱwidthȱofȱtheȱHȱbandȱduringȱcontraction. C) increasedȱwidthȱofȱtheȱIȱbandȱduringȱcontraction. D) decreasedȱwidthȱofȱtheȱAȱbandȱduringȱcontraction. E) theȱIȱbandȱ+ȱHȱbandȱdistanceȱisȱconstantȱduringȱcontraction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Whenȱmyosinȱcross-bridgesȱbindȱtoȱtheȱactiveȱsitesȱonȱactin, A) ADPȱisȱreleased. B) theyȱpivotȱtowardȱtheȱMȱline. C) theȱsarcomereȱresistsȱstretching. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) theȱconcentrationȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱsarcoplasmȱofȱaȱrestingȱmuscle B) theȱconcentrationȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulumȱofȱaȱrestingȱmuscle Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱtheȱeventsȱthatȱoccurȱduringȱaȱmuscleȱcontraction. 1.ȱ Myosinȱcross-bridgesȱbindȱtoȱtheȱactin. 2.ȱ TheȱfreeȱmyosinȱheadȱsplitsȱATP. 3.ȱ Calciumȱionȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. 4.ȱ Theȱmyosinȱheadȱpivotsȱtowardȱtheȱcenterȱofȱtheȱsarcomere. 5.ȱ Calciumȱionȱbindsȱtoȱtroponin. 6.ȱ TheȱmyosinȱheadȱbindsȱanȱATPȱmoleculeȱandȱdetachesȱfromȱtheȱactin. Theȱcorrectȱsequenceȱofȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 1,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ2. B) 5,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ2,ȱ3. C) 3,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ6. D) 3,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ2. E) 1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ5. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Afterȱdeath,ȱmuscleȱfibersȱrunȱoutȱofȱATPȱandȱcalciumȱbeginsȱtoȱleakȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulumȱintoȱthe sarcoplasm.ȱThisȱresultsȱinȱaȱconditionȱknownȱas A) tetany. B) treppe. C) depolarization. D) rigorȱmortis. E) oxygenȱdebt. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Howȱwouldȱtheȱlossȱofȱacetylcholinesteraseȱfromȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplateȱaffectȱskeletalȱmuscle? A) Itȱwouldȱmakeȱtheȱmusclesȱlessȱexcitable. B) Itȱwouldȱproduceȱmuscleȱweakness. C) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱspasticȱparalysisȱ(musclesȱareȱcontractedȱandȱunableȱtoȱrelax). D) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱflaccidȱparalysisȱ(musclesȱareȱrelaxedȱandȱunableȱtoȱcontract). E) Itȱwouldȱhaveȱlittleȱeffectȱonȱskeletalȱmuscles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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90) Whenȱacetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱatȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate,ȱtheȱendȱplateȱmembraneȱbecomes A) moreȱpermeableȱtoȱsodiumȱions. B) lessȱpermeableȱtoȱsodiumȱions. C) moreȱpermeableȱtoȱcalciumȱions. D) lessȱpermeableȱtoȱpotassiumȱions. E) repolarized. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Triggeringȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱactionȱpotentialȱoccursȱafter A) acetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱchemicallyȱgatedȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱendȱplateȱmembrane. B) acetylcholinesteraseȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱonȱtheȱendȱplate. C) calciumȱionȱbindsȱtoȱchannelsȱonȱtheȱendȱplate. D) theȱnerveȱactionȱpotentialȱjumpsȱacrossȱtheȱneuromuscularȱjunction. E) Anyȱofȱtheȱaboveȱcanȱproduceȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱinȱtheȱmuscleȱcell. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱmotorȱunitsȱhaveȱtheȱfewestȱmuscleȱfibers? A) musclesȱofȱtheȱneck B) posturalȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱback C) musclesȱthatȱcontrolȱtheȱeyes D) thighȱmuscles E) calfȱmuscles Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱwouldȱcontractȱmoreȱforcefully? A) aȱmuscleȱreceivingȱ10ȱtoȱ15ȱactionȱpotentialsȱperȱsecond B) aȱmuscleȱreceivingȱ20ȱtoȱ25ȱactionȱpotentialsȱperȱsecond Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmotorȱunitsȱwouldȱproduceȱtheȱgreatestȱtension? A) aȱmotorȱunitȱinȱaȱbackȱmuscle B) aȱmotorȱunitȱinȱaȱhandȱmuscle C) aȱmotorȱunitȱinȱanȱeyeȱmuscle Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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95) Decreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱaȱmuscleȱcouldȱresultȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) muscleȱfatigue. B) anȱoxygenȱdebt. C) anȱincreaseȱinȱintracellularȱglycogen. D) aȱshiftȱtoȱanaerobicȱglycolysis. E) anȱincreaseȱinȱintracellularȱlactate. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) Whichȱofȱtheseȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱincreasedȱoxygenȱconsumption ? A) increasedȱheatȱproduction B) increasedȱconversionȱofȱlacticȱacidȱtoȱglucose C) increasedȱaerobicȱrespirationȱbyȱmuscleȱcells D) increasedȱmuscleȱactivity E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Howȱwouldȱanȱelevatedȱlevelȱofȱthyroidȱhormoneȱinȱtheȱbodyȱaffectȱskeletalȱmuscles? A) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱatrophy. B) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱhypertrophy. C) Itȱwouldȱstimulateȱenergyȱuseȱandȱheatȱproduction. D) Itȱwouldȱdecreaseȱheatȱproductionȱbyȱmuscleȱtissue. E) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱanȱincreaseȱinȱmuscleȱmass. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

98) Howȱwouldȱaȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱacetylcholineȱreceptorsȱatȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplateȱaffectȱskeletalȱmuscle? A) Itȱwouldȱmakeȱtheȱmusclesȱmoreȱexcitable. B) Itȱwouldȱproduceȱuncontrolledȱmuscleȱspasms. C) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱspasticȱparalysisȱ(musclesȱareȱcontractedȱandȱunableȱtoȱrelax). D) Itȱwouldȱcauseȱflaccidȱparalysisȱ(musclesȱareȱrelaxedȱandȱunableȱtoȱcontract). E) Itȱwouldȱhaveȱlittleȱeffectȱonȱskeletalȱmuscles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

99) Synapticȱvesiclesȱcontainingȱneurotransmittersȱareȱreleasedȱbyȱ________ȱwhenȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱarrives. A) endocytosis B) apoptosis C) exocytosis D) hydrolysis E) sodium Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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100) Theȱmuscleȱweaknessȱofȱmyastheniaȱgravisȱresultsȱfrom A) insufficientȱacetylcholineȱreleaseȱfromȱpresynapticȱvesicles. B) lossȱofȱacetylcholineȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱend-plateȱmembrane. C) theȱmotorȱneuronȱactionȱpotentialȱbeingȱtooȱsmallȱtoȱshockȱtheȱmuscleȱfibers. D) excessiveȱacetylcholinesteraseȱthatȱdestroysȱtheȱneurotransmitter. E) Allȱofȱtheȱaboveȱprobablyȱcontributeȱtoȱtheȱweakness. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

101) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbestȱdescribesȱtheȱtermȱmuscleȱorigin? A) broadȱtendonȱsheet B) connectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱaȱsingleȱmuscleȱfiber C) tendonȱattachmentȱthatȱdoesnȇtȱmove D) tendonȱattachmentȱthatȱmoves E) connectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱanȱentireȱmuscle Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

Figureȱ10- 1ȱSkeletalȱMuscleȱFiber UseȱFigureȱ10- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 102) WhatȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ9Ȉ? A) sarcoplasm B) acetylcholine C) protein D) calciumȱions E) acetylcholinesterase Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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103) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synapticȱvesicle Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Whereȱwouldȱcalciumȱionȱbeȱpredominatelyȱfound? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) WhatȱphysiologicalȱprocessȱoccursȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) releaseȱofȱneurotransmitter B) conductionȱofȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱintoȱtheȱcellȱinterior C) activityȱofȱacetylcholinesterase D) releaseȱofȱproteinȱintoȱtheȱmuscleȱfiber E) theȱslidingȱfilamentȱtheory Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) Whereȱareȱtheȱmyosinȱmoleculesȱlocated? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Whichȱstructureȱcontainsȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 8 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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108) Whichȱstructureȱactivelyȱpumpsȱcalciumȱionsȱoutȱofȱtheȱsarcoplasmȱtoȱproduceȱrelaxation? A) 6 B) 7 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3Ȉ? A) actin B) myosin C) titin D) tropomyosin E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

110) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱwhereȱATPȱisȱproduced. A) 6 B) 7 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

111) WhereȱisȱATPȱisȱconsumed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 6 E) 3ȱandȱ6 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ10- 2ȱMuscleȱContractions UseȱFigureȱ10- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 112) Toȱproduceȱaȱcontractionȱsimilarȱtoȱtheȱoneȱinȱgraphȱ(b),ȱtheȱmuscle A) mustȱbeȱstimulatedȱtoȱtheȱpointȱofȱfatigue. B) mustȱbeȱstimulatedȱagainȱbeforeȱitȱhasȱrelaxedȱfromȱtheȱpreviousȱstimulation. C) isȱexcitedȱbyȱaȱstimulusȱofȱincreasingȱintensity. D) isȱcausedȱtoȱproduceȱisolatedȱtwitches. E) graduallyȱwarmsȱup. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Whyȱisȱthereȱpartialȱrelaxationȱinȱgraphȱ(c)? A) Calciumȱionȱreleaseȱisȱslow. B) Theȱmuscleȱisȱstartingȱtoȱfatigue. C) Stimulationȱintensityȱisȱfluctuating. D) ATPȱreservesȱareȱcycling. E) Nerveȱstimulationȱfrequencyȱisȱbelowȱmaximum. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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114) Whatȱisȱtheȱcontractionȱinȱgraphȱ(d)ȱcalled? A) completeȱtetanus B) incompleteȱtetanus C) twitch D) waveȱsummation E) treppe Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) Whatȱisȱtheȱcontractionȱinȱgraphȱ(a)ȱcalled? A) completeȱtetanus B) incompleteȱtetanus C) twitch D) waveȱsummation E) treppe Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

116) Whatȱisȱthoughtȱtoȱhappenȱinȱaȱmuscleȱduringȱtheȱresponseȱshownȱinȱgraphȱ(a)? A) Itȱisȱgettingȱstrongerȱwithȱexercise. B) Thereȱisȱaȱgradualȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱconcentrationȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱinȱtheȱsarcoplasm. C) Itȱisȱfatiguedȱandȱmustȱmakeȱrepeatedȱeffortsȱtoȱtwitchȱnormally. D) Itȱisȱagedȱandȱhasȱlostȱcontractileȱproteins. E) ItȱisȱproducingȱmoreȱATPȱasȱtensionȱincreases. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) ________ȱareȱstemȱcellsȱlocatedȱbetweenȱtheȱendomysiumȱandȱsarcolemmaȱthatȱfunctionȱinȱtheȱrepairȱof damagedȱmuscleȱtissue. Answer: Satelliteȱcells Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Communicationȱbetweenȱaxonsȱandȱmuscleȱfibersȱoccursȱatȱspecializedȱsynapsesȱcalledȱ________. Answer: neuromuscularȱjunctions Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱcomplexȱofȱaȱtransverseȱtubuleȱandȱtwoȱadjacentȱterminalȱcisternaeȱisȱknownȱasȱaȱ________. Answer: triad Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱstructuralȱtheoryȱthatȱexplainsȱhowȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱcontractsȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: slidingȱfilamentȱtheory Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱsequenceȱofȱprocessesȱthatȱlinksȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱtoȱcontractionȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: excitation-contractionȱcoupling Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱdescription. 1.ȱ thyroidȱhormone 2.ȱ testosterone 3.ȱ epinephrine 4.ȱ myoglobin 5.ȱ calmodulin A) primaryȱsexȱhormoneȱinȱmales B) elevatesȱtheȱrateȱofȱenergyȱconsumptionȱinȱrestingȱandȱactiveȱskeletalȱmuscles C) stimulatesȱmuscleȱmetabolismȱandȱincreasesȱdurationȱandȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱforceȱofȱaȱcontraction D) activatesȱmyosinȱlightȱchainȱkinase E)ȱ redȱpigmentȱinȱslowȱfibers Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-A;ȱ3-C;ȱ4-E;ȱ5-D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

7) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱdescription. 1. skeletalȱmuscle 2. muscleȱfascicle 3.ȱ muscleȱfiber 4.ȱ myofibril 5.ȱ sarcomere A) surroundedȱbyȱendomysiumȱandȱcontainsȱmyofibrils B) surroundedȱbyȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulumȱandȱconsistsȱofȱsarcomeres C) surroundedȱbyȱepimysiumȱandȱcontainsȱmuscleȱfascicles D) surroundedȱbyȱperimysiumȱandȱcontainsȱmuscleȱfibers E) containsȱthickȱandȱthinȱfilaments Answer: 1-C;ȱ2-D;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-B;ȱ5-E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱsingleȱcontraction-relaxationȱcycleȱinȱaȱmuscleȱfiberȱproducesȱaȱ________. Answer: twitch Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Anȱ________ȱcanȱbeȱdescribedȱasȱaȱbroadȱtendinousȱsheet. Answer: aponeurosis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

10) AnȱinfectionȱbyȱtheȱbacteriumȱClostridiumȱtetaniȱcanȱcauseȱtheȱdiseaseȱcalledȱ________. Answer: tetanus Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Aȱmuscleȱproducesȱitsȱhighestȱtensionȱwhenȱinȱcompleteȱȱ________. Answer: tetanus Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) GlucoseȱbreakdownȱthroughȱglycolysisȱandȱmitochondrialȱactivityȱprovidesȱtheȱATPȱneededȱtoȱpower muscularȱcontractions. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Aȱthinȱfilamentȱisȱconstructedȱfromȱactin,ȱtropomyosin,ȱtroponin,ȱandȱnebulin. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

EssayȱQuestions 1) Maryȱwantsȱtoȱenterȱaȱweight-liftingȱcompetitionȱandȱconsultsȱyouȱasȱtoȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱmuscleȱfibersȱsheȱneeds toȱdevelopȱandȱhowȱsheȱshouldȱgoȱaboutȱit.ȱWhatȱwouldȱyouȱsuggestȱtoȱher? Answer: Weightȱliftingȱrequiresȱanaerobicȱendurance.ȱMaryȱwouldȱwantȱtoȱdevelopȱherȱfastȱfibersȱforȱshort -term maximumȱstrength.ȱSheȱwouldȱachieveȱthisȱbyȱengagingȱinȱactivitiesȱthatȱinvolveȱfrequent,ȱbrief,ȱbut intensiveȱworkouts,ȱsuchȱasȱwithȱheavyȱweightsȱtoȱtheȱpointȱofȱmuscleȱfatigue.ȱTheȱfatigueȱtriggersȱthe productionȱofȱnewȱmyofilamentȱproteins,ȱleadingȱtoȱmuscleȱbulkȱandȱstrength. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Describeȱtheȱbasicȱsequenceȱofȱeventsȱthatȱoccursȱatȱtheȱneuromuscularȱjunctionȱandȱinȱtheȱmuscleȱcell. Answer: Theȱactionȱpotentialȱtriggersȱtheȱexocytosisȱofȱneurotransmittersȱstoredȱinȱvesiclesȱinȱtheȱaxonȱending. Thisȱacetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate,ȱincreasingȱtheȱmuscleȱmembrane permeabilityȱtoȱsodium.ȱAcetylcholinesteraseȱdestroysȱtheȱacetylcholine,ȱensuringȱthatȱeachȱnerveȱaction potentialȱproducesȱonlyȱaȱsingleȱtwitch.ȱTheȱinfluxȱofȱtheseȱpositiveȱsodiumȱionsȱtriggersȱanȱaction potential.ȱTheȱactionȱpotentialȱspreadsȱinȱbothȱdirectionsȱawayȱfromȱtheȱendȱplateȱacrossȱtheȱentire surfaceȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱfiberȱandȱintoȱtheȱinteriorȱviaȱtransverseȱtubules,ȱtriggeringȱaȱpulseȱofȱcalciumȱion releaseȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum,ȱwhichȱgeneratesȱaȱbriefȱsmallȱtwitch.ȱWithȱadditionalȱstimuli, calciumȱionȱbuildsȱupȱandȱhigherȱtensionsȱareȱproduced. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Manyȱvisceralȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱlackȱmotorȱneuronȱinnervation.ȱHowȱareȱtheirȱcontractionsȱcoordinatedȱand controlled? Answer: Gapȱjunctionsȱinterconnectȱvisceralȱsmoothȱmuscleȱfibers.ȱAnȱactionȱpotentialȱthatȱbeginsȱinȱoneȱwill spreadȱtoȱitsȱsurroundingȱneighbors.ȱTheȱactionȱpotentialȱcanȱbeȱtriggeredȱbyȱstretching,ȱhormones, chemicalȱchanges,ȱorȱstimulationȱatȱaȱmyoneuralȱjunctionȱonȱaȱdistantȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcell. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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4) Aȱhypotheticalȱgeneticȱdiseaseȱcausesȱtheȱbodyȱtoȱproduceȱantibodiesȱthatȱcompeteȱwithȱacetylcholineȱfor receptorsȱonȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate.ȱPatientsȱwithȱthisȱdiseaseȱexhibitȱvaryingȱdegreesȱofȱmuscleȱweaknessȱand flaccidȱparalysisȱinȱtheȱaffectedȱmuscles.ȱIfȱyouȱcouldȱadministerȱaȱdrugȱthatȱinhibitsȱacetylcholinesteraseȱorȱa drugȱthatȱblocksȱacetylcholine,ȱwhichȱoneȱwouldȱyouȱuseȱtoȱalleviateȱtheseȱsymptoms? Answer: Thisȱisȱaȱcaseȱofȱcompetitionȱbetweenȱacetylcholineȱandȱtheȱantibody.ȱToȱmakeȱtheȱpatientȇsȱacetylcholine moreȱeffective,ȱaȱdrugȱthatȱinhibitsȱacetylcholinesteraseȱwouldȱslowȱtheȱbreakdownȱofȱhisȱacetylcholine, relievingȱsomeȱofȱtheȱweakness.ȱAnȱacetylcholineȱblockerȱwouldȱbeȱworseȱthanȱdoingȱnothing. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

5) ThirtyȱminutesȱafterȱMaryȱhasȱcompletedȱaȱ25 -kmȱrace,ȱsheȱbeginsȱtoȱnoticeȱsevereȱmuscleȱsorenessȱand stiffnessȱinȱherȱlegs.ȱHerȱurineȱisȱdarkȱcolored.ȱSheȱwondersȱwhetherȱsheȱmayȱhaveȱdamagedȱherȱmuscles duringȱtheȱrace.ȱSheȱvisitsȱtheȱER,ȱandȱtheȱdoctorȱordersȱseveralȱbloodȱtests.ȱWhatȱkindȱofȱbloodȱtestsȱcanȱhelp determineȱwhetherȱmuscleȱdamageȱhasȱoccurred? Answer: Ifȱmuscleȱdamageȱoccurred,ȱtheȱdoctorȱwouldȱfindȱenzymesȱsuchȱasȱcreatineȱphosphokinaseȱandȱproteins suchȱasȱmyoglobinȱorȱtroponinȱinȱtheȱbloodstreamȱreleasedȱbyȱinjuredȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcells.ȱTheȱlevelȱof theseȱsubstancesȱcorrelatesȱwithȱtheȱseverityȱofȱtheȱinjury. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

6) Describeȱaȱmotorȱunit.ȱȱHowȱmanyȱfibersȱdoesȱaȱmuscleȱunitȱcontain? Answer: Aȱmotorȱunitȱconsistsȱofȱallȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfibersȱcontrolledȱbyȱaȱsingleȱmotorȱneuron.ȱTheyȱmay haveȱasȱfewȱasȱ10ȱfibersȱ(eyeȱmuscles)ȱorȱasȱmanyȱasȱ10,000ȱ(backȱmuscles). Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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Chapterȱ11 TheȱMuscularȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Musclesȱthatȱguardȱentrancesȱandȱexitsȱofȱinternalȱpassagewaysȱareȱ________ȱmuscles. A) parallel B) convergent C) pennate D) bipennate E) circular Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱtypeȱofȱmuscleȱwhoseȱfunctionalȱcharacteristicsȱmostȱcloselyȱresembleȱthoseȱofȱitsȱmuscleȱfibersȱisȱthe ________ȱmuscles. A) pennate B) circular C) parallel D) convergent E) divergent Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Skeletalȱmusclesȱinȱwhichȱtheȱfasciclesȱformȱaȱcommonȱangleȱwithȱtheȱtendonȱareȱ________ȱmuscles. A) parallel B) circular C) pennate D) convergent E) divergent Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱmostȱcommonȱleverȱsystemsȱinȱtheȱbodyȱareȱthoseȱthatȱhaveȱtheȱappliedȱforceȱbetweenȱtheȱfulcrumȱandȱthe load.ȱTheseȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱlevers. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) fifth-class Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱbodyȱofȱtheȱmandibleȱisȱprobablyȱinvolvedȱin A) kissing. B) blowing. C) chewing. D) frowning. E) spitting. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱpectoralisȱmajorȱmuscleȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱgreaterȱtubercleȱofȱtheȱhumerus.ȱWhenȱitȱcontracts,ȱitȱproduces A) flexion. B) medialȱrotation. C) adduction. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Musclesȱthatȱinsertȱonȱtheȱolecranonȱprocessȱofȱtheȱulnaȱcanȱactȱto A) flexȱtheȱforearm. B) extendȱtheȱforearm. C) abductȱtheȱforearm. D) adductȱtheȱforearm. E) extendȱtheȱcarpals. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱdoesȱnotȱhaveȱanȱactionȱthatȱisȱantagonisticȱtoȱtheȱactionȱofȱtheȱbrachialis muscle? A) anconeus B) tricepsȱbrachiiȱlateralȱhead C) tricepsȱbrachiiȱlongȱhead D) tricepsȱbrachiiȱmedialȱhead E) brachioradialis Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱassistsȱtheȱmuscleȱthatȱisȱprimarilyȱresponsibleȱforȱaȱgivenȱactionȱisȱa(n) A) agonist. B) antagonist. C) synergist. D) originator. E) levator. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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10) Theȱnamesȱofȱtheȱmusclesȱcanȱindicateȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) theȱangleȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱrelativeȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxisȱofȱtheȱbody. B) theȱactionȱofȱtheȱmuscle. C) theȱlocationȱofȱtheȱmuscle. D) structuralȱcharacteristicsȱofȱtheȱmuscle. E) collagenȱcontentȱofȱtheȱmuscle. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Musclesȱwithȱfibersȱthatȱrunȱparallelȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxisȱofȱtheȱbodyȱareȱcalled A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) obliquus. E) medialis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱisȱaȱdescriptiveȱtermȱforȱaȱmuscleȇsȱaction,ȱexceptȱ A) levator. B) pronator. C) tensor. D) sartorius. E) adductor. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱcouldȱbeȱusedȱwithȱaȱmuscleȱthatȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱchin? A) cleido B) costalis C) popliteus D) nuchal E) genio Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtermsȱisȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱtheȱshapeȱofȱaȱmuscle,ȱexcept A) pectinate. B) pyriformis. C) hallucis. D) splenius. E) trapezius. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Aȱmuscleȱwhoseȱnameȱendsȱinȱtheȱsuffixȱ-glossusȱwouldȱbeȱfoundȱwithinȱorȱattachedȱtoȱthe A) chin. B) cheek. C) jaw. D) tongue. E) lips. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Musclesȱincludingȱtheȱtermȱcapitisȱwouldȱbeȱfoundȱwithinȱorȱattachedȱtoȱthe A) head. B) neck. C) thorax. D) abdomen. E) groin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱprimarilyȱaȱmuscleȱofȱfacialȱexpression? A) buccinator B) depressorȱlabii C) risorius D) masseter E) mentalis Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) TheȱȈkissingȱmuscleȈȱthatȱpursesȱtheȱlipsȱisȱthe A) zygomaticus. B) orbicularisȱoris. C) buccinator. D) levatorȱlabii. E) procerus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱinnervatedȱbyȱtheȱfacialȱnerveȱ(NȱVII), exceptȱforȱtheȱ________ȱmuscle. A) risorius B) orbicularisȱoculi C) levatorȱpalpebrae D) mentalis E) auricularis Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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20) Theȱoriginȱofȱtheȱfrontalisȱmuscleȱisȱthe A) mandible. B) frontalȱbone. C) occipitalȱbone. D) galeaȱaponeurotica. E) forehead. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱtemporalisȱmuscleȱpassesȱthroughȱthe A) alveolarȱprocessesȱofȱtheȱmaxillaeȱandȱmandible. B) tendinousȱbandȱaroundȱtheȱopticȱforamen. C) galeaȱaponeurotica. D) zygomaticȱarch. E) fasciaȱsurroundingȱtheȱsubmandibularȱsalivaryȱgland. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱauricularisȱmuscleȱactsȱto A) moveȱtheȱexternalȱear. B) purseȱtheȱlips. C) depressȱtheȱlip. D) drawȱtheȱcornerȱofȱtheȱmouthȱbackȱandȱup. E) closeȱtheȱeye. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱmentalisȱmuscleȱinsertsȱonȱthe A) orbicularisȱoris. B) skinȱofȱtheȱchin. C) angleȱofȱtheȱmouth. D) hyoidȱbone. E) skinȱaroundȱtheȱeyelids. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescribesȱtheȱactionȱofȱtheȱcorrugatorȱsupercilii? A) depressesȱtheȱlips B) pursesȱtheȱlips C) wrinklesȱtheȱbrow D) elevatesȱtheȱmandible E) movesȱtheȱexternalȱear Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱprocerusȱinsertsȱonȱthe A) angleȱofȱtheȱmouth. B) skinȱaroundȱtheȱeyelids. C) lateralȱnasalȱcartilages. D) orbicularisȱoris. E) sidesȱofȱtheȱtongue. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescribesȱtheȱactionȱofȱtheȱdigastricȱmuscle? A) elevatesȱtheȱlarynx B) elevatesȱtheȱlarynxȱandȱdepressesȱtheȱmandible C) depressesȱtheȱlarynx D) depressesȱandȱretractsȱtheȱtongue E) elevatesȱtheȱmandible Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱextrinsicȱeyeȱmuscle? A) inferiorȱrectus B) rectusȱabdominis C) lateralȱrectus D) medialȱrectus E) superiorȱoblique Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱanteriorȱmuscleȱthatȱinsertsȱwidelyȱonȱtheȱperiosteumȱofȱtheȱmandibleȱisȱthe A) temporalis. B) masseter. C) lateralȱpterygoideus. D) medialȱpterygoideus. E) platysma. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱelevatesȱtheȱtongueȱisȱthe A) genioglossus. B) hyoglossus. C) palatoglossus. D) styloglossus. E) digastric. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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30) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdoesȱnotȱoriginateȱorȱinsertȱonȱtheȱhyoidȱbone? A) digastric B) geniohyoid C) omohyoid D) sternohyoid E) sternothyroid Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱhasȱitsȱoriginȱonȱtheȱhyoidȱandȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱtongue? A) styloglossus B) lateralȱpterygoideus C) sternohyoid D) thyrohyoid E) geniohyoid Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱspinalȱflexor? A) quadratusȱlumborum B) longusȱcapitis C) longusȱcolli D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱiliacȱcrestȱisȱtheȱoriginȱofȱthe A) quadratusȱlumborum. B) iliocostalisȱcervicis. C) longissimusȱcervicis. D) semispinalisȱcapitis. E) splenius. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱsternocleidomastoidȱinsertsȱonȱthe A) occipitalȱbone. B) clavicle. C) mastoidȱprocess. D) sternum. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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35) Theȱscalenesȱhaveȱtheirȱoriginȱonȱthe A) transverseȱandȱcostalȱprocessesȱofȱcervicalȱvertebrae. B) inferiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱpreviousȱrib. C) superiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱnextȱrib. D) cartilagesȱofȱtheȱribs. E) thoracodorsalȱfasciaȱandȱiliacȱcrest. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱhasȱitsȱoriginȱonȱtheȱsternum? A) internalȱoblique B) externalȱintercostal C) rectusȱabdominis D) internalȱintercostal E) scalene Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱsuperiorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱpubisȱaroundȱtheȱsymphysisȱisȱthe A) internalȱoblique. B) externalȱoblique. C) rectusȱabdominis. D) transversusȱabdominis. E) scalene. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱcompressesȱtheȱabdomen? A) diaphragm B) externalȱoblique C) rectusȱabdominis D) transverseȱabdominis E) B,ȱC,ȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱoriginȱofȱtheȱbulbospongiosus? A) ischialȱspine B) inferiorȱischialȱramus C) lineaȱalbaȱandȱpubis D) coccyx E) collagenȱsheathȱatȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱclitoris Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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40) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱisȱfoundȱwithinȱtheȱpelvicȱfloor? A) ischiocavernosus B) perinealȱgroup C) bulbospongiosus D) coccygeus E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱlevatorȱaniȱinsertsȱonȱthe A) iliacȱcrest. B) coccyx. C) ischialȱspine. D) centralȱtendonȱofȱtheȱperineum. E) sacrum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱspinousȱprocessesȱofȱtheȱupperȱthoracicȱvertebraeȱareȱtheȱoriginȱofȱthe A) levatorȱscapulae. B) rhomboidȱmajor. C) trapezius. D) supraspinatus. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱinsertionȱofȱtheȱpectoralisȱmajor? A) theȱvertebralȱborderȱnearȱtheȱspine B) theȱgreaterȱtubercleȱofȱtheȱhumerus C) theȱmastoidȱregionȱofȱtheȱskull D) theȱoccipitalȱboneȱofȱtheȱskull E) theȱclavicleȱandȱscapula Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescribesȱtheȱactionȱofȱtheȱserratusȱanterior? A) adductsȱtheȱarm B) adductsȱandȱflexesȱtheȱhumerus C) protractsȱtheȱshoulder,ȱabductsȱandȱmediallyȱrotatesȱtheȱscapula D) medialȱrotationȱofȱtheȱhumerus E) lateralȱrotationȱofȱtheȱhumerus Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdoesȱnotȱmoveȱtheȱshoulderȱgirdle? A) pectoralisȱmajor B) deltoid C) rhomboid D) serratusȱanterior E) trapezius Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱadductsȱandȱrotatesȱtheȱscapulaȱlaterallyȱisȱthe A) rhomboid. B) levatorȱscapulae. C) serratusȱanterior. D) pectoralisȱminor. E) subclavius. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱacromionȱandȱscapularȱspineȱisȱthe A) serratusȱanterior. B) trapezius. C) sternocleidomastoid. D) pectoralisȱminor. E) levatorȱscapulae. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoriginateȱonȱtheȱscapula,ȱexceptȱthe A) pectoralisȱmajor. B) teresȱmajor. C) teresȱminor. D) subscapularis. E) supraspinatus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱpowerfulȱabductorȱmuscleȱofȱtheȱupperȱarmȱisȱthe A) supraspinatus. B) subscapularis. C) deltoid. D) coracobrachialis. E) teresȱmajor. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱmuscleȱofȱtheȱrotatorȱcuff? A) supraspinatus B) infraspinatus C) teresȱminor D) subscapularis E) subclavius Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱadductsȱtheȱhumerusȱisȱthe A) coracobrachialis. B) deltoid. C) trapezius. D) latissimusȱdorsi. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱinfraspinatusȱhasȱitsȱinsertionȱonȱthe A) greaterȱtubercleȱofȱtheȱhumerus. B) tuberosityȱofȱtheȱradius. C) lesserȱtubercleȱandȱintertubercularȱgrooveȱofȱtheȱhumerus. D) clavicleȱandȱscapula. E) vertebralȱborderȱnearȱtheȱspine. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdoesȱnotȱoriginateȱonȱtheȱhumerus? A) anconeus B) brachialis C) brachioradialis D) bicepsȱbrachii E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱextendsȱtheȱarmȱwhileȱdoingȱpush-upsȱisȱthe A) deltoid. B) pectorals. C) brachialis. D) triceps. E) biceps. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱinsertionȱofȱtheȱtricepsȱbrachialis? A) olecranonȱprocessȱofȱtheȱulna B) infraglenoidȱtuberosityȱofȱtheȱscapula C) lateralȱcondyleȱofȱtheȱhumerus D) medialȱepicondyleȱofȱtheȱhumerus E) baseȱofȱtheȱsecondȱmetacarpal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoriginatesȱonȱtheȱmedialȱepicondyleȱofȱtheȱhumerus? A) flexorȱcarpiȱradialis B) flexorȱcarpiȱulnaris C) palmarisȱlongus D) pronatorȱteres. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱpronatesȱtheȱforearmȱandȱopposesȱbicepsȱbrachiiȱisȱthe A) brachialis. B) tricepsȱbrachiiȱmedialȱhead. C) pronatorȱquadratus. D) anconeus. E) latissimusȱdorsi. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Whenȱopposingȱtheȱthumb,ȱwhichȱmuscleȱisȱactive? A) flexorȱpollicisȱlongus. B) abductorȱpollicisȱlongus. C) flexorȱdigitorumȱprofundus. D) flexorȱcarpiȱradialis. E) pronatorȱteres. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱadductsȱtheȱthumbȱisȱthe A) adductorȱpollicis. B) abductorȱpollicis. C) extensorȱdigitorum. D) flexorȱdigitorumȱprofundus. E) flexorȱpollicisȱlongus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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60) Theȱadductorȱbrevisȱhasȱitsȱoriginȱonȱthe A) ilium. B) pubis. C) sacrum. D) iliacȱcrest. E) lineaȱaspera. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱinsertsȱonȱtheȱiliotibialȱtractȱandȱglutealȱtuberosityȱofȱtheȱfemurȱisȱthe A) tensorȱfasciaeȱlatae. B) piriformis. C) gluteusȱminimus. D) gluteusȱmedius. E) gluteusȱmaximus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱbandȱofȱcollagenȱfibersȱthatȱlaterallyȱbracesȱtheȱkneeȱisȱthe A) lineaȱalba. B) tensorȱfasciaeȱlatae. C) lineaȱaspera. D) iliotibialȱtract. E) piriformis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Musclesȱthatȱlaterallyȱrotateȱtheȱthighȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing, exceptȱthe A) gluteusȱmaximus. B) obturatorȱinternus. C) obturatorȱexternus. D) piriformis. E) tensorȱfasciaeȱlatae. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱmemberȱofȱtheȱhamstringȱgroup? A) bicepsȱfemoris B) semimembranosus C) semitendinosus D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱpullsȱonȱtheȱiliotibialȱtract? A) gluteusȱmedius B) gluteusȱmaximus C) pectineus D) vastusȱmedialis E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Theȱonlyȱkneeȱflexorȱthatȱoriginatesȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱacetabulumȱisȱthe A) bicepsȱfemoris. B) gracilis. C) sartorius. D) iliopsoas. E) semimembranosus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Theȱinferiorȱramusȱofȱtheȱpubisȱisȱtheȱoriginȱandȱtheȱmedialȱtibiaȱisȱtheȱinsertionȱofȱtheȱ________ȱmuscle. A) bicepsȱfemoris B) gracilis C) sartorius D) vastusȱintermedius E) piriformis Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱoriginatesȱalongȱtheȱlineaȱasperaȱofȱtheȱfemurȱis A) vastusȱlateralis. B) vastusȱmedialis. C) vastusȱintermedius. D) adductorȱbrevis. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱmuscleȱthatȱunlocksȱtheȱkneeȱjointȱisȱthe A) iliacus. B) gracilis. C) sartorius. D) soleus. E) popliteus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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70) Aȱsesamoidȱboneȱoccasionallyȱfoundȱwithinȱtheȱlateralȱheadȱofȱtheȱgastrocnemiusȱis A) theȱpatella. B) theȱfabella. C) theȱcalcaneus. D) theȱtibialis. E) theȱhallux. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Whichȱofȱtheseȱmusclesȱisȱaȱmemberȱofȱtheȱquadricepsȱgroup? A) vastusȱlateralis B) vastusȱmedialis C) vastusȱintermedius D) rectusȱfemoris E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱinsertionȱofȱtheȱflexorȱhallucisȱlongusȱis A) aboveȱtheȱfemoralȱcondyles. B) theȱsuperiorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱdistalȱphalanxȱofȱtheȱgreatȱtoe. C) theȱinferiorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱdistalȱphalanxȱofȱtheȱgreatȱtoe. D) theȱlateralȱcondyleȱofȱtheȱtibiaȱandȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱfibula. E) theȱposteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱmedialȱcondyleȱofȱtheȱtibia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Anȱantagonistȱtoȱtheȱgastrocnemiusȱisȱthe A) peroneus. B) extensorȱdigitorumȱlongus. C) soleus. D) tibialisȱposterior. E) tibialisȱanterior. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱdorsiflexesȱtheȱfootȱisȱthe A) tibialisȱanterior. B) tibialisȱposterior. C) peroneusȱbrevis. D) soleus. E) gastrocnemius. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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75) Theȱfreedomȱofȱmovementȱisȱrelativelyȱgreaterȱinȱthe A) pelvicȱgirdle. B) pectoralȱgirdle. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) WhichȱofȱtheseȱphrasesȱmostȱaptlyȱdescribesȱȈmuscleȱinsertionȈ? A) broadȱtendonȱsheet B) connectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱaȱsingleȱmuscleȱfiber C) tendonȱattachmentȱthatȱdoesnȇtȱmove D) tendonȱattachmentȱthatȱmoves E) connectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱanȱentireȱmuscle Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱbones,ȱwhichȱserveȱasȱleversȱinȱtheȱbody,ȱchange A) theȱdirectionȱofȱmovement. B) theȱdistanceȱandȱspeedȱofȱmovementȱproducedȱbyȱaȱforce. C) theȱeffectiveȱstrengthȱofȱaȱforce. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Musclesȱlocatedȱcloseȱtoȱtheȱmidlineȱofȱtheȱbodyȱmayȱbeȱcalled A) rectus. B) distalis. C) proximal. D) medialis. E) lateralis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Reflectionȱofȱtheȱtrapeziusȱmuscleȱexposesȱthe A) serratusȱanteriorȱandȱsubclavianȱmuscles. B) infraspinatusȱandȱteresȱminorȱmuscles. C) deltoidȱandȱsupraspinatusȱmuscles. D) rhomboidȱandȱlevatorȱscapulaeȱmuscles. E) gastrocnemiusȱandȱtibialisȱanteriorȱmuscles. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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80) Musclesȱwithȱfibersȱthatȱrunȱatȱanȱangleȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxisȱofȱtheȱbodyȱareȱcalled A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) oblique. E) medialis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

81) Mostȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱmusclesȱinȱtheȱbodyȱare A) convergentȱmuscles. B) parallelȱmuscles. C) straightȱmuscles. D) pennateȱmuscles. E) circularȱmuscles. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Aȱskeletalȱmuscleȱfiberȱcanȱcontractȱuntilȱitȱhasȱshortenedȱbyȱabout A) 50ȱpercent. B) 20ȱpercent. C) 25ȱpercent. D) 40ȱpercent. E) 30ȱpercent. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Inȱaȱ6.45-cm2 ȱ(1-inch2) crossȱsection,ȱaȱparallelȱmuscleȱcanȱexertȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱȱofȱisometricȱtension. A) 6.45ȱkgȱ(14.2ȱlb) B) 10ȱkgȱ(22ȱlb) C) 18ȱkgȱ(40ȱlb) D) 23ȱkgȱ(50ȱlb) E) 50ȱkgȱ(110ȱlb) Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) ________ȱmuscleȱfibersȱpullȱinȱdifferentȱdirections,ȱpermittingȱdifferentȱactionsȱdependingȱonȱstimulation. A) Convergent B) Parallel C) Straight D) Pennate E) Circular Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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85) Musclesȱwithȱfibersȱthatȱrunȱperpendicularȱtoȱtheȱlongȱaxisȱofȱtheȱbodyȱareȱcalled A) lateralis. B) transversus. C) rectus. D) oblique. E) medialis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

86) Inȱaȱ________ȱmuscle,ȱtheȱfasciclesȱareȱconcentricallyȱarrangedȱaroundȱanȱopening. A) convergent B) parallel C) straight D) pennate E) circular Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Aȱleverȱconsistsȱof A) aȱtendonȱandȱaȱmuscle. B) aȱrigidȱstructure. C) aȱpivotȱpointȱorȱfulcrum. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

88) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱmuscleȱwhoseȱcontractionȱisȱchieflyȱresponsibleȱforȱproducingȱaȱparticularȱmovement. A) primeȱmover B) agonist C) antagonist D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱorȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Musclesȱvisibleȱatȱtheȱbodyȱsurfaceȱareȱoftenȱcalled A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) superficialis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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90) Superficialȱmusclesȱthatȱpositionȱorȱstabilizeȱanȱorganȱareȱcalled A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

91) Musclesȱlocatedȱentirelyȱwithinȱanȱorganȱareȱcalled A) internus. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) Deepȱmusclesȱareȱcalled A) superficialis. B) extrinsic. C) profundus. D) intrinsic. E) externus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Musclesȱthatȱareȱlongȱandȱroundȱinȱcrossȱsectionȱareȱtermed A) longus. B) teres. C) longissimus. D) maximus. E) brevis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) Theȱaxialȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱareȱassignedȱtoȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfunctionalȱgroups,ȱ exceptȱ A) theȱmusclesȱofȱfacialȱexpression. B) theȱmusclesȱofȱvocalȱexpression. C) theȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱtongue. D) theȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱpharynx. E) theȱmusclesȱofȱmastication. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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95) Theȱ________ȱcoversȱtheȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱneck. A) buccinator B) epicranium C) occipitofrontalis D) orbicularisȱoris E) platysma Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

96) Theȱeyeȱmusclesȱincludeȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmuscles? A) medialȱrectus B) inferiorȱrectus C) superiorȱoblique D) inferiorȱoblique E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Whichȱeyeȱmuscleȱsendsȱitsȱtendonȱofȱoriginȱthroughȱaȱpulleyȱorȱtrochleaȱbeforeȱinsertingȱonȱtheȱglobe? A) superiorȱrectus B) superiorȱoblique C) lateralȱrectus D) inferiorȱrectus E) inferiorȱoblique Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Theȱ________ȱȱmuscleȱallowsȱyouȱtoȱlookȱdown. A) inferiorȱrectus B) medialȱrectus C) lateralȱrectus D) superiorȱrectus E) inferiorȱoblique Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Theȱ________ȱallowsȱyouȱtoȱlookȱup. A) inferiorȱrectus B) medialȱrectus C) lateralȱrectus D) superiorȱrectus E) inferiorȱoblique Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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100) Theȱ________ȱmuscleȱisȱtheȱstrongestȱjawȱmuscle. A) lateralȱpterygoid B) digastric C) pterygoid D) medialȱpterygoid E) masseter Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

101) Inȱassessingȱaȱstrokeȱpatient,ȱyouȱaskȱherȱtoȱstickȱoutȱ(protract)ȱherȱtongue.ȱYouȱnoteȱthatȱitȱdeviatesȱtoȱoneȱside. Youȱsuspectȱthatȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱneuralȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱ________ȱmuscleȱhasȱoccurred. A) hyoglossus B) genioglossus C) palatoglossus D) styloglossus E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Theȱ________ȱextendsȱtheȱneck. A) spinalisȱthoracis B) spleniusȱcapitis C) spinalisȱcervicis D) splenius E) spleniusȱcervicis Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

103) Contractingȱtheȱgastrocnemiusȱmusclesȱtoȱelevateȱtheȱbodyȱonȱtheȱtoesȱinvolvesȱaȱ________ȱlever. A) first-class B) second-class C) third-class D) fourth-class E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Ryanȱhearsȱaȱloudȱnoiseȱandȱquicklyȱturnsȱhisȱeyesȱsidewaysȱinȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱtheȱsound.ȱToȱaccomplishȱthis actionȱheȱmustȱuseȱhisȱ________ȱmuscles. A) superiorȱrectus B) lateralȱrectus C) inferiorȱrectus D) medialȱrectus E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) Duringȱabdominalȱsurgery,ȱtheȱsurgeonȱmakesȱaȱcutȱlateralȱtoȱtheȱlineaȱalba.ȱTheȱmuscleȱthatȱwouldȱbeȱcutȱis the A) digastric. B) externalȱabdominalȱoblique. C) rectusȱabdominis. D) scalenus. E) splenius. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱtrueȱaboutȱtheȱmuscleȱnamedȱlevatorȱpalpebraeȱsuperioris? A) liftsȱtheȱscapula B) elevatesȱtheȱeyebrow C) raisesȱtheȱupperȱeyelid D) originatesȱatȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱorbit E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

107) Theȱleverageȱofȱtheȱbicepsȱbrachiiȱappliesȱitsȱforceȱsixȱtimesȱcloserȱtoȱtheȱfulcrumȱ(elbowȱjoint)ȱthanȱthe resistance.ȱThisȱmeansȱitȱwillȱneedȱtoȱexertȱ________ȱkgȱofȱforceȱtoȱsupportȱaȱloadȱofȱ6ȱkg. A) 1 B) 6 C) 36 D) 7 E) canȇtȱsayȱfromȱthisȱinformation Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpennateȱmuscle? A) rectusȱfemoris B) extensorȱdigitorumȱlongus C) deltoid D) pectoralis E) Noneȱofȱtheȱabove –allȱareȱpinnate. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱformsȱofȱfascicleȱorganization? A) perpendicular B) parallel C) convergent D) pennate E) circular Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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110) Theȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱfunctionȱin A) nonverbalȱcommunication. B) feeding. C) controllingȱtheȱeyes. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

111) Muscularȱwallsȱofȱtheȱthoraxȱandȱabdomenȱareȱcomposedȱof A) spinalȱerectorȱmuscles. B) musclesȱofȱmastication. C) obliqueȱandȱrectusȱmuscles. D) glossalȱmuscles. E) pectoralisȱmuscles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱisȱinvolvedȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱchewingȱorȱmanipulatingȱfoodȱinȱtheȱmouth,ȱ except the A) masseter. B) temporalis. C) pterygoid. D) omohyoid. E) genioglossus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Medialȱrotationȱofȱtheȱeyeballȱisȱperformedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱmuscle. A) inferiorȱrectus B) lateralȱrectus C) medialȱrectus D) superiorȱrectus E) inferiorȱoblique Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Aȱmuscleȱthatȱflexesȱtheȱspinalȱcolumnȱisȱthe A) spinalis. B) longissimus. C) iliocostalis. D) sacrospinalis. E) rectusȱabdominis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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115) Damageȱtoȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱwouldȱinterfereȱmostȱwithȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱbreathe? A) pterygoid B) rectusȱabdominis C) intercostals D) platysma E) digastric Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

116) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱfunctionsȱtoȱexpelȱurineȱorȱsemenȱinȱmales? A) bulbospongiosus B) superficialȱtransverseȱperineus C) coccygeus D) levatorȱani E) anconeus Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) Musclesȱofȱtheȱrotatorȱcuffȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing, exceptȱthe A) supraspinatus. B) infraspinatus. C) subscapularis. D) teresȱminor. E) rhomboid. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) Whichȱofȱtheseȱmusclesȱproducesȱlateralȱrotationȱatȱtheȱhip? A) gluteusȱmaximus B) piriformis C) obturatorȱexternus D) obturatorȱinternus E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱactsȱtoȱflexȱtheȱleg, exceptȱthe A) semimembranosus. B) semitendinosus. C) vastusȱlateralis. D) gracilis. E) sartorius. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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120) Theȱquadricepsȱgroupȱincludesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱthe A) bicepsȱfemoris. B) vastusȱintermedius. C) vastusȱlateralis. D) vastusȱmedialis. E) rectusȱfemoris. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

121) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱbelongsȱtoȱtheȱȈhamstringȈȱmuscleȱgroup? A) bicepsȱfemoris B) semimembranosus C) semitendinosus D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Excessiveȱabdominopelvicȱpressureȱcanȱcause A) inguinalȱhernia. B) diaphragmaticȱhernia. C) pneumothorax. D) diaphragmaticȱcramp. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpectoralisȱmajorȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱaȱpersonȇsȱabilityȱto A) extendȱtheȱforearm. B) abductȱtheȱhumerus. C) adductȱtheȱhumerus. D) elevateȱtheȱscapula. E) rotateȱtheȱelbow. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

124) Individualsȱwhoȱareȱengagedȱinȱrepetitiveȱhandȱmovementsȱsuchȱasȱtypingȱorȱplayingȱtheȱpianoȱmayȱsuffer wristȱpain,ȱespeciallyȱduringȱpalmarȱflexion.ȱAllȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱconcerningȱthisȱcondition,ȱ exceptȱthat it A) isȱcalledȱcarpalȱtunnelȱsyndrome. B) resultsȱfromȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱsynovialȱtendonȱsheaths. C) neverȱcausesȱmuscleȱweakness. D) resultsȱfromȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱcarpalȱretinacula. E) irritatesȱtheȱmedianȱnerve. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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125) Ifȱyouȱbruisedȱyourȱgluteusȱmaximus,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱexperienceȱdiscomfortȱwhen A) flexingȱyourȱhip. B) extendingȱyourȱhip. C) abductingȱyourȱhip. D) laterallyȱrotatingȱyourȱhip. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

126) Tomȱisȱhavingȱdifficultyȱplantarȱflexingȱandȱevertingȱhisȱfoot.ȱWhichȱmuscleȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱinvolvedȱinȱthis problem? A) tibialisȱanterior B) soleus C) gastrocnemius D) flexorȱdigitorumȱlongus E) fibularis Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

127) Theȱpreferredȱsiteȱforȱintramuscularȱ(IM)ȱinjectionsȱinȱinfantsȱisȱthe A) gluteusȱmaximus. B) gluteusȱminimus. C) soleus. D) vastusȱlateralis. E) deltoid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

128) IfȱtheȱanteriorȱcompartmentȱofȱtheȱlowerȱlimbȱwasȱsufferingȱfromȱȈcompartmentȱsyndrome,Ȉȱwhichȱofȱthese musclesȱwouldȱbeȱatȱriskȱofȱinjury? A) tibialisȱanterior B) extensorȱhallucisȱlongus C) extensorȱdigitorumȱlongus D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

129) Tom,ȱaȱtrumpetȱplayer,ȱasksȱyouȱwhichȱmusclesȱheȱshouldȱdevelopȱinȱorderȱtoȱbeȱaȱbetterȱtrumpeter.ȱWhat wouldȱyouȱtellȱhim? A) theȱmasseterȱandȱbuccinator B) theȱbuccinatorȱandȱorbicularisȱoris C) theȱorbicularisȱorisȱandȱrisorius D) theȱrisoriusȱandȱzygomaticus E) theȱlevatorȱlabiiȱandȱmentalis Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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130) Pamȇsȱdaughterȱisȱbornȱcross-eyed.ȱAsȱsheȱgrows,ȱtheȱproblemȱdoesȱnotȱbecomeȱanyȱbetter.ȱHerȱphysician suggestsȱcuttingȱanȱeyeȱmuscleȱtoȱbringȱtheȱeyesȱintoȱaȱmoreȱnormalȱposition.ȱWhichȱmuscleȱwillȱheȱcut? A) inferiorȱrectus B) lateralȱrectus C) medialȱrectus D) superiorȱrectus E) superiorȱoblique Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

131) Jillȱsuffersȱaȱsevereȱcutȱthatȱseversȱtheȱtendonȱthatȱattachesȱtheȱinsertionȱofȱtheȱflexorȱcarpiȱulnaris.ȱAsȱaȱresultȱof thisȱinjury,ȱwhatȱactionȱisȱdifficultȱforȱherȱtoȱperform? A) flexȱherȱforearm B) flexȱherȱelbow C) flexȱherȱulna D) flexȱandȱadductȱherȱhand E) flexȱherȱshoulder Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ11- 1ȱMajorȱAnteriorȱSkeletalȱMuscles UseȱFigureȱ11- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: Pageȱ277 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

132) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) trapezius B) deltoid C) sternocleidomastoid D) temporalis E) pectoralisȱmajor Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

133) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) bicepsȱbrachii B) brachialis C) tricepsȱbrachii D) pronatorȱteres E) deltoid Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

134) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ11.Ȉ A) rectusȱanterior B) vastusȱlateralis C) soleus D) serratusȱanterior E) tibialisȱanterior Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

135) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ25.Ȉ A) rectusȱfemoris B) bicepsȱfemoris C) adductorȱlongus D) risorius E) sartorius Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

136) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ27.Ȉ A) rectusȱfemoris B) gastrocnemius C) soleus D) gracilis E) bicepsȱfemoris Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ11- 2ȱMajorȱPosteriorȱSkeletalȱMuscles UseȱFigureȱ11- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: Pageȱ279 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

137) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) trapezius B) tensorȱfasciaeȱlatae C) latissimusȱdorsi D) adductorȱmagnus E) rhomboidȱmajor Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

138) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) deltoid B) teresȱmajor C) sternocleidomastoid D) trapezius E) anconeus Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

139) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ11.Ȉ A) gracilis B) semitendinosus C) gluteusȱmedius D) bicepsȱfemoris E) adductorȱmagnus Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

140) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) soleus B) gastrocnemius C) sartorius D) tibialisȱposterior E) peroneusȱlongus Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

141) IdentifyȱtheȱmuscleȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) anconeus B) extensorȱcarpiȱulnaris C) extensorȱdigitorum D) pronatorȱteres E) brachioradialis Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Inȱtheȱmusculoskeletonȱsystem,ȱleversȱareȱformedȱbyȱ________. Answer: bone Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱrigidȱstructureȱthatȱmovesȱonȱaȱfixedȱpoint. Answer: lever Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱendȱofȱaȱmuscleȱthatȱremainsȱstationaryȱwhenȱtheȱmuscleȱcontractsȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: origin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱendȱofȱaȱmuscleȱthatȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱpointȱthatȱmovesȱwhenȱtheȱmuscleȱcontractsȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: insertion Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Matchȱtheȱmuscleȱwithȱitsȱmuscleȱtype. 1.ȱparallelȱmuscle 2.ȱconvergentȱmuscle 3.ȱcircularȱmuscle 4.ȱunipennateȱmuscle

A)ȱorbicularisȱorisȱmuscle B)ȱbicepsȱbrachiiȱmuscle C)ȱextensorȱdigitorumȱmuscle D)ȱpectoralisȱmuscle

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-D;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Matchȱtheȱleverȱwithȱtheȱmovement. 1.ȱfirst-classȱlever 2.ȱsecond-classȱlever 3.ȱthird-classȱlever

A)ȱelbowȱflexion B)ȱextensionȱofȱtheȱneck C)ȱplantarȱflexion

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

7) Matchȱtheȱmuscleȱwithȱitsȱaction. 1.ȱbuccinator 2.ȱrisorius 3.ȱnasalis 4.ȱplatysma 5.ȱoccipitofrontalis

A)ȱelevatesȱcornersȱofȱtheȱnostrils B)ȱdrawsȱcornerȱofȱtheȱmouthȱtoȱtheȱside C)ȱraisesȱeyebrows D)ȱcompressesȱcheeks E)ȱtensesȱskinȱofȱtheȱneck

Answer: 1-D;ȱ2-B;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-E;ȱ5-C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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8) Matchȱtheȱmuscleȱwithȱitsȱaction. 1.ȱgenioglossus 2.ȱhyoglossus 3.ȱpalatoglossus 4.ȱstyloglossus

A)ȱelevatesȱtheȱtongue B)ȱretractsȱtongueȱandȱelevatesȱside C)ȱdepressesȱandȱprotractsȱtongue D)ȱdepressesȱandȱretractsȱtongue

Answer: 1-C;ȱ2-D;ȱ3-A;ȱ4-B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Matchȱtheȱmuscleȱwithȱitsȱaction. 1.ȱstylohyoid 2.ȱthyrohyoid 3.ȱmylohyoid 4.ȱdigastric

A)ȱelevatesȱthyroidȱcartilage B)ȱdepressesȱmandible C)ȱelevatesȱlarynx D)ȱelevatesȱfloorȱofȱmouth

Answer: 1-C;ȱ2-A;ȱ3-D;ȱ4-B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱaȱportionȱofȱtheȱstomachȱisȱforcedȱintoȱtheȱpleuralȱcavity. Answer: diaphragmaticȱhernia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

11) Theȱtensionȱthatȱcanȱbeȱproducedȱbyȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱisȱrelatedȱtoȱtheȱrestingȱlengthȱofȱitsȱ________. Answer: sarcomeres Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

12) Aȱ________ȱisȱaȱtearȱinȱaȱmuscle. Answer: strain Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) Muscleȱfibersȱinȱskeletalȱmuscleȱformȱbundlesȱcalledȱ________. Answer: fascicles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Inȱaȱconvergentȱmuscle,ȱfasciclesȱconvergeȱonȱaȱcommonȱattachmentȱsiteȱthatȱmayȱbeȱaȱslenderȱbandȱofȱcollagen fibersȱknownȱasȱaȱ________. Answer: raphe Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Theȱdiaphragmȱseparatesȱtheȱabdominopelvicȱandȱthoracicȱcavities. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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2) Skeletalȱmusclesȱusuallyȱworkȱinȱgroups. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱtricepsȱbrachiiȱmuscleȱisȱanȱagonistȱthatȱextendsȱtheȱelbow. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱadductorȱmagnusȱcanȱbothȱflexȱandȱextendȱtheȱthighȱdependingȱonȱtheȱpartȱactivated. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Whileȱplayingȱsoftball,ȱSidȱpullsȱhisȱhamstringȱmuscle.ȱAsȱaȱresultȱofȱtheȱinjury,ȱheȱhasȱdifficultyȱextendingȱand mediallyȱrotatingȱhisȱthigh.ȱWhichȱmuscle(s)ȱofȱtheȱhamstringȱgroupȱdidȱheȱprobablyȱinjure? Answer: Sidȱprobablyȱinjuredȱtheȱsemimembranosusȱand/orȱtheȱsemitendinosus,ȱsinceȱbothȱofȱtheseȱmusclesȱhave theseȱdifficultȱactions. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Howȱdoȱfirst-,ȱsecond-,ȱandȱthird-classȱleversȱdiffer? Answer: Leversȱdifferȱinȱtheȱpositionȱofȱtheirȱfulcrumȱinȱrelationȱtoȱtheȱappliedȱforceȱandȱtheȱload.ȱAȱfirst -class leverȱhasȱtheȱfulcrumȱpositionedȱbetweenȱtheȱappliedȱforceȱandȱtheȱload.ȱSecond -classȱleversȱhaveȱthe fulcrumȱatȱoneȱend,ȱadjacentȱtoȱtheȱload,ȱwithȱtheȱappliedȱforceȱatȱtheȱotherȱend.ȱThird -classȱleversȱhave theȱfulcrumȱatȱoneȱend,ȱtheȱloadȱatȱtheȱother,ȱandȱtheȱappliedȱforceȱinȱtheȱmiddle. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Whatȱthreeȱfunctionalȱrolesȱinȱaȱmovementȱareȱusedȱtoȱcharacterizeȱmuscleȱgroups?ȱGiveȱaȱbriefȱdescriptionȱof eachȱaction. Answer: Agonist,ȱantagonist,ȱorȱsynergist.ȱAgonistsȱareȱchieflyȱresponsibleȱforȱaȱmovement.ȱAntagonistsȱoppose theȱagonists,ȱkeepingȱtheȱmovementsȱsmooth.ȱSynergistsȱprovideȱadditionalȱforceȱorȱstabilizeȱtheȱorigin. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Jeffȱisȱinterestedȱinȱtoningȱhisȱabdomen.ȱWhatȱmusclesȱwouldȱyouȱtellȱJeffȱtoȱexerciseȱtoȱaccomplishȱhisȱgoal? Whatȱmovementsȱwouldȱbestȱexerciseȱtheseȱmuscles? Answer: Jeffȱshouldȱdoȱexercisesȱthatȱflexȱandȱtwistȱtheȱtrunk.ȱTheȱmusclesȱheȱshouldȱtargetȱareȱtheȱrectus abdominusȱmuscles,ȱtheȱexternalȱandȱinternalȱobliqueȱmuscles,ȱandȱtheȱlatissimusȱdorsiȱmuscles.ȱSit -ups andȱtwistingȱmovementsȱwillȱstimulateȱtheseȱmuscles.ȱIfȱheȱplacesȱaȱweightȱonȱhisȱchestȱasȱheȱdoes sit-ups,ȱitȱwillȱproduceȱfasterȱresultsȱbecauseȱtheȱrectusȱabdominisȱmuscleȱwouldȱbeȱworkingȱagainstȱa greaterȱload. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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5) Shellyȱgivesȱherȱsonȱanȱice-creamȱcone.ȱTheȱboyȱgraspsȱtheȱconeȱwithȱhisȱrightȱhand,ȱopensȱhisȱmouth,ȱand beginsȱtoȱlickȱtheȱiceȱcream.ȱWhichȱmusclesȱdoesȱheȱuseȱtoȱperformȱtheseȱactions? Answer: Asȱtheȱchildȱgraspsȱtheȱice-creamȱcone,ȱheȱusesȱflexorȱmuscles,ȱprincipallyȱtheȱflexorȱdigitorum superficialis,ȱflexorȱdigitorumȱprofundus,ȱandȱflexorȱpollicisȱlongusȱmuscles.ȱOpeningȱhisȱmouth requiresȱtheȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱplatysmaȱandȱdigastricȱmusclesȱandȱtheȱrelaxationȱofȱtheȱmasseter, temporalis,ȱandȱpterygoidȱmuscles.ȱTheȱlickingȱactionȱwouldȱinvolveȱtheȱgenioglossusȱmuscleȱ(to depressȱandȱprotractȱtheȱtongue)ȱandȱtheȱpalatoglossusȱmuscleȱ(toȱelevateȱtheȱtongue). Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ12 NeuralȱTissue MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem? A) senseȱtheȱinternalȱandȱexternalȱenvironments B) integrateȱsensoryȱinformation C) coordinateȱvoluntaryȱandȱinvoluntaryȱactivities D) directȱlong-termȱfunctions,ȱsuchȱasȱgrowth E) controlȱperipheralȱeffectors Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱ________ȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱcomposedȱofȱtheȱbrainȱandȱspinalȱcord. A) autonomic B) peripheral C) central D) efferent E) afferent Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱ________ȱnervousȱsystemȱcontrolsȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscles. A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) afferent D) somatic E) autonomic Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) TheȱpartȱofȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystemȱthatȱcarriesȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱisȱdesignated A) motor. B) afferent. C) efferent. D) autonomic. E) somatic. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱneuroglia? A) support B) memory C) secretionȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid D) maintenanceȱofȱblood-brainȱbarrier E) phagocytosis Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱaȱtypeȱofȱglialȱcellȱfoundȱinȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystem? A) astrocytes B) satelliteȱcells C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia E) ependymalȱcells Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱlargestȱandȱmostȱnumerousȱofȱtheȱglialȱcellsȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱthe A) astrocytes. B) satelliteȱcells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymalȱcells. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Functionsȱofȱastrocytesȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) maintainingȱtheȱblood-brainȱbarrier. B) conductingȱactionȱpotentials. C) guidingȱneuronȱdevelopment. D) respondingȱtoȱneuralȱtissueȱdamage. E) formingȱaȱthree-dimensionalȱframeworkȱforȱtheȱCNS. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) TheȱmyelinȱsheathȱthatȱcoversȱmanyȱCNSȱaxonsȱisȱformedȱby A) astrocytes. B) satelliteȱcells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymalȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) ________ȱlineȱtheȱbrainȱventriclesȱandȱspinalȱcanal. A) Astrocytes B) Satelliteȱcells C) Oligodendrocytes D) Microglia E) Ependymalȱcells Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Small,ȱwanderingȱcellsȱthatȱengulfȱcellȱdebrisȱandȱpathogensȱinȱtheȱCNSȱareȱcalled A) astrocytes. B) satelliteȱcells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymalȱcells. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱneurilemmaȱofȱaxonsȱinȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱformedȱby A) astrocytes. B) satelliteȱcells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) Schwannȱcells. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Glialȱcellsȱthatȱsurroundȱtheȱneuronsȱinȱgangliaȱare A) astrocytes. B) satelliteȱcells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymalȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱrecognizedȱstructuralȱclassificationȱforȱneurons? A) anaxonic B) bipolar C) multipolar D) pseudopolar E) unipolar Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱmostȱabundantȱclassȱofȱneuronȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱis A) anaxonic. B) bipolar. C) multipolar. D) pseudopolar. E) unipolar. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱcytoplasmȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱnucleusȱofȱaȱneuronȱisȱcalledȱthe A) protoplasm. B) nucleoplasm. C) sarcoplasm. D) neuroplasm. E) perikaryon. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) ClustersȱofȱRERȱandȱfreeȱribosomesȱinȱneuronsȱareȱcalled A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) perikaryon. D) Nisslȱbodies. E) microglia. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱaxonȱisȱconnectedȱtoȱtheȱsomaȱatȱthe A) telodendria. B) synapticȱknobs. C) collaterals. D) axonȱhillock. E) synapse. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Branchesȱthatȱmayȱoccurȱalongȱanȱaxonȱareȱcalled A) telodendria. B) synapticȱknobs. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapses. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Axonsȱterminateȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱfineȱextensionsȱknownȱas A) telodendria. B) knobs. C) collaterals. D) dendrites. E) synapses. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Neurotransmitterȱforȱreleaseȱisȱstoredȱinȱsynaptic A) telodendria. B) knobs. C) vesicles. D) mitochondria. E) neurosomes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱsiteȱofȱintercellularȱcommunicationȱbetweenȱneuronsȱisȱthe A) telodendria. B) synapticȱknob. C) collateral. D) hillock. E) synapse. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) TheȱrabiesȱvirusȱtravelsȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱvia A) anterogradeȱaxoplasmicȱtransport. B) retrogradeȱaxoplasmicȱtransport. C) bloodȱvessels. D) subcutaneousȱconnectiveȱtissue. E) cerebrospinalȱfluid. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Neuronsȱthatȱareȱrare,ȱsmall,ȱandȱlackȱfeaturesȱthatȱdistinguishȱdendritesȱfromȱaxonsȱareȱcalled A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Neuronsȱinȱwhichȱdendriticȱandȱaxonalȱprocessesȱareȱcontinuousȱandȱtheȱsomaȱliesȱoffȱtoȱoneȱsideȱareȱcalled A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Neuronsȱthatȱhaveȱoneȱaxonȱandȱoneȱdendrite,ȱwithȱtheȱsomaȱinȱbetween,ȱareȱcalled A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Neuronsȱthatȱhaveȱseveralȱdendritesȱandȱaȱsingleȱaxonȱareȱcalled A) anaxonic. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) SensoryȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱPNSȱare A) unipolar. B) bipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱactivitiesȱorȱsensationsȱisȱnotȱmonitoredȱbyȱinteroceptors? A) sight B) taste C) activitiesȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem D) cardiovascularȱactivities E) urinaryȱactivities Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱinvolvedȱinȱcreatingȱtheȱrestingȱpotentialȱofȱaȱneuron? A) diffusionȱofȱpotassiumȱionsȱoutȱofȱtheȱcell B) diffusionȱofȱsodiumȱionsȱintoȱtheȱcell C) membraneȱpermeabilityȱforȱsodiumȱionsȱgreaterȱthanȱpotassiumȱions D) membraneȱpermeabilityȱforȱpotassiumȱionsȱgreaterȱthanȱsodiumȱions E) Theȱinteriorȱofȱtheȱplasmaȱmembraneȱhasȱanȱexcessȱofȱnegativeȱcharges. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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31) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱinteractionsȱbetweenȱelectricalȱandȱchemicalȱgradientsȱdoesȱ notȱleadȱtoȱthe establishmentȱofȱaȱneuronȇsȱrestingȱpotential? A) Chemicalȱandȱelectricalȱforcesȱbothȱfavorȱsodiumȱionsȱenteringȱtheȱcell. B) Electricalȱforcesȱpushȱsodiumȱionsȱoutȱofȱtheȱcell. C) Chemicalȱforcesȱtendȱtoȱdriveȱpotassiumȱionsȱoutȱofȱtheȱcell. D) Potassiumȱionsȱareȱattractedȱtoȱtheȱnegativeȱchargesȱinsideȱtheȱcell. E) Potassiumȱionsȱareȱrepulsedȱbyȱpositiveȱchargesȱoutsideȱtheȱcell. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Atȱtheȱnormalȱrestingȱpotentialȱofȱaȱtypicalȱneuron,ȱitsȱNa-Kȱionȱexchangeȱpumpȱtransports A) 1ȱintracellularȱsodiumȱionȱforȱ2ȱextracellularȱpotassiumȱions. B) 2ȱintracellularȱsodiumȱionsȱforȱ1ȱextracellularȱpotassiumȱion. C) 3ȱintracellularȱsodiumȱionsȱforȱ1ȱextracellularȱpotassiumȱion. D) 3ȱintracellularȱsodiumȱionsȱforȱ2ȱextracellularȱpotassiumȱions. E) 3ȱextracellularȱsodiumȱionsȱforȱ2ȱintracellularȱpotassiumȱions. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Ionȱchannelsȱthatȱareȱalwaysȱopenȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱchannels. A) active B) gated C) leak D) regulated E) local Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Openingȱofȱsodiumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱaxonȱmembraneȱcauses A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increasedȱpositiveȱchargeȱinsideȱtheȱmembrane. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Voltage-gatedȱchannelsȱareȱpresent A) atȱtheȱmotorȱendȱplate. B) onȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱdendrites. C) inȱtheȱmembraneȱthatȱcoversȱaxons. D) onȱtheȱsomaȱofȱneurons. E) alongȱtheȱperikaryonȱofȱneurons. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱfollowingȱareȱtheȱmainȱstepsȱinȱtheȱgenerationȱofȱanȱactionȱpotential. 1.ȱ Sodiumȱchannelsȱareȱinactivated. 2.ȱ Voltage-gatedȱpotassiumȱchannelsȱopenȱandȱpotassiumȱmovesȱoutȱofȱtheȱcell,ȱinitiatingȱrepolarization. 3.ȱ Sodiumȱchannelsȱregainȱtheirȱnormalȱproperties. 4.ȱ Aȱgradedȱdepolarizationȱbringsȱanȱareaȱofȱanȱexcitableȱmembraneȱtoȱthreshold. 5.ȱ Aȱtemporaryȱhyperpolarizationȱoccurs. 6.ȱ Sodiumȱchannelȱactivationȱoccurs. 7.ȱ Sodiumȱionsȱenterȱtheȱcellȱandȱdepolarizationȱoccurs. Theȱproperȱsequenceȱofȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 4,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ1. B) 4,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ5. C) 6,ȱ7,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ5. D) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ5. E) 4,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ3,ȱ1. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱsodium-potassiumȱionȱexchangeȱpump A) mustȱreestablishȱionȱconcentrationsȱafterȱeachȱactionȱpotential. B) transportsȱsodiumȱionsȱintoȱtheȱcellȱduringȱdepolarization. C) transportsȱpotassiumȱionsȱoutȱofȱtheȱcellȱduringȱrepolarization. D) movesȱsodiumȱandȱpotassiumȱoppositeȱtoȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱtheirȱelectrochemicalȱgradients. E) dependsȱonȱaȱhydrogenȱgradientȱforȱenergy. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱall-or-noneȱprincipleȱstatesȱthat A) allȱstimuliȱwillȱproduceȱidenticalȱactionȱpotentials. B) allȱstimuliȱgreatȱenoughȱtoȱbringȱtheȱmembraneȱtoȱthresholdȱwillȱproduceȱidenticalȱactionȱpotentials. C) theȱgreaterȱtheȱmagnitudeȱofȱtheȱstimuli,ȱtheȱgreaterȱtheȱmagnitudeȱofȱtheȱactionȱpotential. D) onlyȱsensoryȱstimuliȱcanȱactivateȱactionȱpotentials. E) onlyȱmotorȱstimuliȱcanȱactivateȱactionȱpotentials. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Inȱtheȱprocessȱofȱcontinuousȱactionȱpotentialȱpropagation, A) theȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱgradedȱdepolarizationȱofȱtheȱinitialȱsegment. B) atȱthreshold,ȱsodiumȱchannelsȱbeginȱtoȱopenȱrapidly. C) localȱcurrentsȱdepolarizeȱtheȱregionȱjustȱadjacentȱtoȱtheȱactiveȱzone. D) localȱcurrentsȱdepolarizeȱaȱsensitiveȱspotȱdistantȱfromȱtheȱactiveȱzone. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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40) Inȱtheȱprocessȱofȱsaltatoryȱactionȱpotentialȱpropagation, A) theȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱgradedȱdepolarizationȱofȱtheȱinitialȱsegment. B) atȱthreshold,ȱsodiumȱchannelsȱbeginȱtoȱopenȱrapidly. C) localȱcurrentsȱdepolarizeȱtheȱregionȱjustȱadjacentȱtoȱtheȱactiveȱzone. D) localȱcurrentsȱdepolarizeȱaȱsensitiveȱspotȱdistantȱfromȱtheȱactiveȱzone. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

41) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdoesȱnotȱinfluenceȱtheȱtimeȱnecessaryȱforȱaȱnerveȱimpulseȱtoȱbeȱtransmitted? A) lengthȱofȱtheȱaxon B) presenceȱorȱabsenceȱofȱaȱmyelinȱsheath C) diameterȱofȱtheȱaxon D) presenceȱorȱabsenceȱofȱnodes E) whetherȱorȱnotȱtheȱimpulseȱbeginsȱinȱtheȱCNS Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱnerveȱfiberȱpossessesȱtheȱfastestȱspeedȱofȱimpulseȱpropagation? A) typeȱA B) typeȱB C) typeȱC D) typeȱD E) typeȱE Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcomparisonsȱbetweenȱneuronsȱandȱmuscleȱtissueȱisȱfalse? A) Restingȱpotentialsȱareȱgreaterȱinȱmuscleȱfibers. B) Muscleȱfibersȱconductȱactionȱpotentialsȱatȱslowȱspeeds. C) Actionȱpotentialsȱlastȱlongerȱinȱmuscleȱfibers. D) Muscleȱfibersȱconductȱactionȱpotentialsȱonlyȱbyȱcontinuousȱpropagation. E) Actionȱpotentialsȱareȱbrieferȱinȱmuscleȱfibers. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱtypeȱofȱsynapseȱisȱmostȱcommonȱinȱtheȱnervousȱsystem? A) chemical B) electrical C) mechanical D) processing E) radiative Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Theȱionȱthatȱtriggersȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱacetylcholineȱintoȱtheȱsynapticȱcleftȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) chloride. E) magnesium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Cholinergicȱsynapsesȱreleaseȱtheȱneurotransmitter A) norepinephrine. B) adrenalin. C) serotonin. D) acetylcholine. E) GABA. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱfollowingȱareȱtheȱstepsȱinvolvedȱinȱtransmissionȱatȱaȱcholinergicȱsynapse. 1. Chemicallyȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱonȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembraneȱareȱactivated. 2. Calciumȱionsȱenterȱtheȱsynapticȱknob. 3. Acetylcholinesteraseȱhydrolyzesȱacetylcholine. 4. Anȱactionȱpotentialȱdepolarizesȱtheȱsynapticȱknobȱatȱtheȱpresynapticȱmembrane. 5. Theȱsynapticȱknobȱreabsorbsȱcholine. 6. Acetylcholineȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱstorageȱvesiclesȱbyȱexocytosis. 7. Acetylcholineȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱonȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembrane. 8. Calciumȱionsȱareȱremovedȱfromȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱtheȱsynapticȱknob. Theȱcorrectȱsequenceȱforȱtheseȱeventsȱis A) 4,ȱ2,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ8,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ1. B) 4,ȱ2,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ8,ȱ3,ȱ5. C) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ8,ȱ3,ȱ5. D) 2,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ8,ȱ3. E) 6,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ1,ȱ8,ȱ3,ȱ5. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Adrenergicȱsynapsesȱreleaseȱtheȱneurotransmitter A) acetylcholine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin. E) GABA. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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49) Ifȱtheȱchemicallyȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembraneȱwereȱcompletelyȱblocked, A) synapticȱtransmissionȱwouldȱfail. B) releaseȱofȱneurotransmitterȱwouldȱstop. C) smallerȱactionȱpotentialsȱwouldȱresult. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱeffectȱthatȱaȱneurotransmitterȱhasȱonȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembraneȱdependsȱon A) theȱfrequencyȱofȱneurotransmitterȱrelease. B) theȱnatureȱofȱtheȱneurotransmitter. C) theȱcharacteristicsȱofȱtheȱreceptors. D) theȱquantityȱofȱneurotransmittersȱreleased. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱmostȱimportantȱexcitatoryȱneurotransmitterȱinȱtheȱbrain? A) glutamate B) gammaȱaminobutyricȱacid C) serotonin D) noradrenaline E) glycine Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpossibleȱdrugȱeffectȱonȱsynapticȱfunction? A) interfereȱwithȱneurotransmitterȱsynthesis B) interfereȱwithȱneurotransmitterȱreuptake C) preventȱneurotransmitterȱinactivation D) blockȱneurotransmitterȱbindingȱtoȱreceptors E) changeȱtheȱtypeȱofȱreceptorȱfoundȱinȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembrane Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) TheȱsiteȱinȱtheȱneuronȱwhereȱEPSPsȱandȱIPSPsȱareȱintegratedȱisȱthe A) chemicalȱsynapse. B) electricalȱsynapse. C) axonȱhillock. D) dendriticȱmembrane. E) synapticȱknob. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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54) EPSPsȱ(excitatoryȱpostsynapticȱpotentials)ȱoccurȱwhen A) moreȱpotassiumȱionsȱthanȱusualȱleakȱoutȱofȱaȱcell. B) moreȱcalciumȱionsȱthanȱusualȱleakȱoutȱofȱaȱcell. C) chlorideȱionsȱenterȱaȱcell. D) extraȱsodiumȱionsȱenterȱaȱcell. E) hyperpolarizationsȱoccur. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) IPSPsȱ(inhibitoryȱpostsynapticȱpotentials) A) areȱlocalȱdepolarizations. B) areȱlocalȱhyperpolarizations. C) increaseȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodiumȱions. D) blockȱtheȱeffluxȱofȱpotassiumȱions. E) blockȱtheȱeffluxȱofȱcalciumȱions. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) WhenȱaȱsecondȱEPSPȱarrivesȱatȱaȱsingleȱsynapseȱbeforeȱtheȱeffectsȱofȱtheȱfirstȱhaveȱdisappeared,ȱwhatȱoccurs? A) spatialȱsummation B) temporalȱsummation C) inhibitionȱofȱtheȱimpulse D) hyperpolarization E) decreaseȱinȱspeedȱofȱimpulseȱtransmission Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Summationȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱtheȱcumulativeȱeffectȱofȱmultipleȱsynapsesȱatȱmultipleȱplacesȱonȱtheȱneuronȱis designated A) spatialȱsummation. B) temporalȱsummation. C) inhibitionȱofȱtheȱimpulse. D) hyperpolarization. E) impulseȱtransmission. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Afterȱacetylcholinesteraseȱacts,ȱtheȱsynapticȱknob A) reabsorbsȱtheȱacetylcholine. B) reabsorbsȱtheȱacetate. C) reabsorbsȱtheȱcholine. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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59) ActiveȱneuronsȱneedȱATPȱtoȱsupportȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) theȱmovementȱofȱmaterialsȱtoȱtheȱsomaȱbyȱaxoplasmicȱtransport B) theȱsynthesisȱofȱneurotransmitterȱmolecules C) theȱmovementȱofȱmaterialsȱfromȱtheȱsomaȱbyȱaxoplasmicȱtransport D) theȱrecoveryȱfromȱactionȱpotentials E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱefferentȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystemȱinnervates: A) skeletalȱmuscleȱcells B) smoothȱmuscleȱcells C) heartȱmuscleȱcells D) glandularȱcells E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Integralȱmembraneȱproteinsȱthatȱconnectȱelectricalȱsynapsesȱareȱcalled A) connexons. B) receptors. C) desmosomes. D) sodiumȱchannels. E) synapsins. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱsameȱ________ȱcanȱhaveȱdifferentȱeffectsȱdependingȱonȱtheȱpropertiesȱofȱtheȱ________. A) neurotransmitter;ȱreceptor B) receptor;ȱneurotransmitter C) substrate;ȱreceptor D) hormone;ȱneurotransmitter E) propagation;ȱneurotransmitter Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Deterioratingȱchangesȱinȱtheȱdistalȱsegmentȱofȱanȱaxonȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱaȱbreakȱbetweenȱitȱandȱtheȱsomaȱisȱcalled ________ȱdegeneration. A) neural B) central C) peripheral D) Wallerian E) conduction Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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64) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱneuroglia? A) regulateȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱinterstitialȱfluid B) provideȱaȱsupportiveȱframework C) produceȱcerebrospinalȱfluid D) actȱasȱphagocytes E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱcytoskeletonȱofȱtheȱperikaryonȱcontainsȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) neurofilaments B) neurofibrils C) neurotubules D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Theȱaxoplasmȱofȱtheȱaxonȱcontainsȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) neurotubules B) mitochondria C) vesicles D) neurofibrils E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) ________ȱneuronsȱareȱsmallȱandȱhaveȱnoȱanatomicalȱfeaturesȱthatȱdistinguishȱdendritesȱfromȱaxons. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) ________ȱneuronsȱareȱshort,ȱwithȱaȱcellȱbodyȱbetweenȱdendriteȱandȱaxon,ȱandȱoccurȱinȱspecialȱsenseȱorgans. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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69) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱneuron,ȱtheȱdendritesȱandȱaxonȱareȱcontinuousȱorȱfused. A) multipolar B) anaxonic C) unipolar D) bipolar E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) ________ȱneuronsȱareȱtheȱmostȱcommonȱclassȱinȱtheȱCNS. A) Multipolar B) Anaxonic C) Unipolar D) Bipolar E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) ________ȱneuronsȱformȱtheȱafferentȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱPNS. A) Visceralȱsensory B) Sensory C) Neuralȱsensory D) Somaticȱsensory E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) ________ȱareȱtheȱmostȱnumerousȱtypeȱofȱneuronȱinȱtheȱCNS. A) Sensoryȱneurons B) Motorȱneurons C) Unipolarȱneurons D) Bipolarȱneurons E) Interneurons Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtypesȱofȱneuroglia? A) ependymalȱcells B) microglia C) astrocytes D) oligodendrocytes E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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74) ________ȱaccountȱforȱroughlyȱhalfȱofȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem. A) Axons B) Dendrites C) Neuroglia D) Synapses E) Efferentȱfibers Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Ionsȱcanȱmoveȱacrossȱtheȱplasmaȱmembraneȱinȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱways? A) throughȱvoltage-gatedȱchannelsȱasȱinȱtheȱactionȱpotential B) throughȱpassiveȱorȱleakȱchannels C) byȱATP-dependentȱionȱpumpsȱlikeȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱexchangeȱpump D) throughȱchemically-gatedȱchannelsȱasȱinȱneuromuscularȱtransmission E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱpropertiesȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid? A) surroundsȱtheȱbrainȱandȱspinalȱcord B) fillsȱtheȱbrainȱventricles C) transportsȱnutrients D) circulatesȱcontinuously E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) TheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱastrocytesȱinȱtheȱCNSȱincludesȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) adjustingȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluid B) guidingȱneuronȱdevelopment C) maintainingȱtheȱblood-brainȱbarrier D) repairingȱdamagedȱneuralȱtissue E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) TheȱlargestȱandȱmostȱnumerousȱneurogliaȱinȱtheȱCNSȱareȱthe A) astrocytes. B) ependymalȱcells. C) microglia. D) oligodendrocytes. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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79) TheȱsmallestȱneurogliaȱofȱtheȱCNSȱareȱthe A) astrocytes. B) ependymalȱcells. C) microglia. D) oligodendrocytes. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Raisingȱtheȱpotassiumȱionȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱextracellularȱfluidȱsurroundingȱaȱnerveȱcellȱwillȱhaveȱwhich effect? A) depolarizeȱit B) hyperpolarizeȱit C) increaseȱtheȱmagnitudeȱofȱtheȱpotassiumȱequilibriumȱpotential D) decreaseȱtheȱmagnitudeȱofȱtheȱpotassiumȱequilibriumȱpotential E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Theȱequilibriumȱpotentialȱforȱpotassiumȱionȱoccursȱatȱapproximately A) —90ȱmV. B) —70ȱmV. C) +66ȱmV. D) 0ȱmV. E) CȱorȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Ionȱchannelsȱthatȱareȱalwaysȱopenȱareȱknownȱas A) leakȱchannels. B) activeȱchannels. C) chemicallyȱgatedȱchannels. D) voltage-gatedȱchannels. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) ________ȱopenȱorȱcloseȱinȱresponseȱtoȱbindingȱspecificȱmolecules. A) Leakȱchannels B) Activatedȱchannels C) Chemicallyȱgatedȱchannels D) Voltage-gatedȱchannels E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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84) ________ȱchannelsȱopenȱorȱcloseȱinȱresponseȱtoȱphysicalȱdistortionȱofȱtheȱmembraneȱsurface. A) Voltage-gated B) Chemicallyȱgated C) Active D) Mechanicallyȱgated E) Leak Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) Anyȱstimulusȱthatȱopensȱȱ________ȱionȱchannelȱwillȱproduceȱaȱgradedȱpotential. A) aȱvoltage-gated B) aȱchemicallyȱgated C) aȱsodium D) aȱmechanicallyȱgated E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

86) Typeȱ________ȱfibersȱhaveȱtheȱlargestȱdiameterȱaxons. A) S B) F C) A D) B E) C Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Sensoryȱinformationȱfromȱskeletalȱmusclesȱtravelsȱoverȱ________ȱfibers. A) typeȱA B) typeȱB C) typeȱC D) typeȱD E) typeȱE Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱfalse? A) Theȱrapidȱdepolarizationȱphaseȱisȱcausedȱbyȱtheȱentryȱofȱpotassiumȱions. B) Duringȱtheȱrepolarizationȱphase,ȱsodiumȱchannelsȱcloseȱandȱpotassiumȱchannelsȱopen. C) Duringȱtheȱdepolarizationȱphase,ȱmembraneȱpotentialȱbecomesȱpositive. D) Inȱtheȱafter-hyperpolarizationȱphase,ȱmembraneȱpotentialȱapproachesȱtheȱpotassiumȱequilibrium potential. E) NoneȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱisȱfalseNallȱareȱtrue. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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89) ForȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfunctionsȱdoȱactiveȱneuronsȱrequireȱaȱsupplyȱofȱATP? A) synthesisȱandȱreuptakeȱofȱneurotransmitters B) axoplasmicȱtransport C) poweringȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱexchangeȱpump D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Whenȱpressureȱisȱappliedȱtoȱneuralȱtissue,ȱallȱtheseȱeffectsȱareȱpossible,ȱexcept A) aȱdecreaseȱinȱbloodȱflow. B) theȱaxonȱbecomesȱinexcitable. C) actionȱpotentialsȱareȱgeneratedȱspontaneously. D) glialȱcellsȱdegenerate. E) neuronsȱareȱtriggeredȱtoȱdivide. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Inȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystem,ȱSchwannȱcellsȱparticipateȱinȱtheȱrepairȱofȱdamagedȱnervesȱby A) producingȱnewȱaxons. B) regeneratingȱcellȱbodiesȱforȱtheȱneurons. C) formingȱaȱcellularȱcordȱthatȱdirectsȱaxonalȱregrowth. D) clearingȱawayȱcellularȱdebris. E) producingȱmoreȱsatelliteȱcellsȱthatȱfuseȱtoȱformȱnewȱaxons. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Voltage-gatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱhaveȱbothȱanȱactivationȱgateȱandȱa(n)ȱ________ȱgate. A) inactivation B) ion C) swinging D) repolarization E) threshold Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) MostȱCNSȱneuronsȱlackȱcentrioles.ȱThisȱobservationȱexplains A) whyȱCNSȱneuronsȱgrowȱsuchȱlongȱaxons. B) whyȱCNSȱneuronsȱcannotȱregenerate. C) theȱabilityȱofȱneuronsȱtoȱgenerateȱanȱactionȱpotential. D) theȱabilityȱofȱneuronsȱtoȱcommunicateȱwithȱeachȱother. E) theȱabilityȱofȱneuronsȱtoȱproduceȱaȱrestingȱpotential. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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94) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱneuroeffectorȱjunction, exceptȱtheȱjunctionȱbetweenȱaȱneuronȱandȱa(n) A) skeletalȱmuscleȱcell. B) smoothȱmuscleȱcell. C) endocrineȱglandȱcell. D) exocrineȱglandȱcell. E) nerveȱcell. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Howȱdoesȱblockingȱretrogradeȱaxoplasmicȱtransportȱinȱanȱaxonȱaffectȱtheȱactivityȱofȱaȱneuron? A) Theȱneuronȱbecomesȱunableȱtoȱproduceȱneurotransmitters. B) Theȱneuronȱbecomesȱunableȱtoȱproduceȱactionȱpotentials. C) Theȱsomaȱbecomesȱunableȱtoȱexportȱproductsȱtoȱtheȱsynapticȱknobs. D) Theȱsomaȱbecomesȱunableȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱtheȱdistalȱendȱofȱtheȱaxon. E) Theȱneuronȱbecomesȱunableȱtoȱdepolarizeȱwhenȱstimulated. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) ManyȱmedicationsȱintroducedȱintoȱtheȱbloodstreamȱcannotȱdirectlyȱaffectȱtheȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱCNSȱbecause A) oligodendrocytesȱformȱaȱcontinuousȱmyelinȱsheathȱaroundȱtheȱaxons. B) theȱendotheliumȱofȱCNSȱcapillariesȱformsȱaȱblood-brainȱbarrier. C) theȱneurolemmaȱisȱimpermeableȱtoȱmostȱmolecules. D) ependymalȱcellsȱrestrictȱtheȱflowȱofȱinterstitialȱfluidȱbetweenȱtheȱcapillariesȱandȱtheȱneurons. E) astrocytesȱformȱaȱcapsuleȱaroundȱneurons. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) ExtensiveȱdamageȱtoȱoligodendrocytesȱinȱtheȱCNSȱcouldȱresultȱin A) lossȱofȱtheȱstructuralȱframeworkȱofȱtheȱbrain. B) aȱbreakdownȱofȱtheȱblood-brainȱbarrier. C) inabilityȱtoȱproduceȱscarȱtissueȱatȱtheȱsiteȱofȱanȱinjury. D) decreasedȱproductionȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. E) lossȱofȱsensationȱandȱmotorȱcontrol. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

98) Damageȱtoȱependymalȱcellsȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱaffectȱthe A) formationȱofȱmyelinȱsheaths. B) formationȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. C) formationȱofȱganglia. D) repairȱofȱaxons. E) transportȱofȱneurotransmittersȱwithinȱaxons. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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99) Ifȱtheȱpermeabilityȱofȱaȱrestingȱaxonȱtoȱsodiumȱionȱincreases, A) theȱmembraneȱpotentialȱwillȱdepolarize. B) theȱmembraneȱpotentialȱwillȱhyperpolarize. C) inwardȱmovementȱofȱsodiumȱionȱwillȱincrease. D) outwardȱmovementȱofȱsodiumȱionȱwillȱdecrease. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Gradedȱpotentials A) produceȱanȱeffectȱthatȱincreasesȱwithȱdistanceȱfromȱtheȱpointȱofȱstimulation. B) produceȱanȱeffectȱthatȱspreadsȱactivelyȱacrossȱtheȱmembraneȱsurface. C) mayȱbeȱeitherȱaȱdepolarizationȱorȱaȱhyperpolarization. D) areȱoftenȱall-or-none. E) causeȱrepolarization. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) Ifȱtheȱpotassiumȱpermeabilityȱofȱaȱrestingȱneuronȱincreasesȱaboveȱtheȱrestingȱpermeability,ȱwhatȱeffectȱwillȱthis haveȱonȱtheȱtransmembraneȱpotential? A) Theȱinsideȱofȱtheȱmembraneȱwillȱbecomeȱmoreȱpositive. B) Theȱinsideȱofȱtheȱmembraneȱwillȱbecomeȱmoreȱnegative. C) Thereȱwillȱbeȱalmostȱnoȱeffectȱonȱtransmembraneȱpotential. D) Theȱmembraneȱwillȱbecomeȱdepolarized. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Ifȱtheȱsodium-potassiumȱpumpsȱinȱtheȱplasmaȱmembraneȱfailȱtoȱfunction,ȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccur,ȱ exceptȱ A) theȱintracellularȱconcentrationȱofȱpotassiumȱionsȱwillȱincrease. B) theȱneuronȱwillȱslowlyȱdepolarize. C) theȱmembraneȱwillȱslowlyȱloseȱitsȱcapacityȱtoȱgenerateȱactionȱpotentials. D) theȱinsideȱofȱtheȱmembraneȱwillȱhaveȱaȱrestingȱpotentialȱthatȱisȱmoreȱpositiveȱthanȱnormal. E) theȱintracellularȱconcentrationȱofȱsodiumȱionsȱwillȱincrease. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Howȱwouldȱtheȱabsoluteȱrefractoryȱperiodȱbeȱaffectedȱifȱvoltage-regulatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱfailedȱto inactivate? A) Itȱwouldȱlastȱindefinitely. B) Itȱwouldȱbeȱmuchȱbriefer. C) Itȱwouldȱbeȱbasicallyȱunaffected. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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104) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱrateȱofȱimpulseȱconductionȱbeȱtheȱgreatest? A) aȱmyelinatedȱfiberȱofȱ10-ΐmȱdiameter B) aȱnonmyelinatedȱfiberȱofȱ20-ΐmȱdiameter C) aȱmyelinatedȱfiberȱofȱ1-ΐmȱdiameter D) aȱnonmyelinatedȱfiberȱofȱ10-ΐmȱdiameter E) theȱsameȱinȱallȱbecauseȱofȱtheȱall-or-noneȱprinciple Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱaboutȱthresholdȱforȱanȱactionȱpotential A) Itȱisȱmoreȱpositiveȱthanȱtheȱrestingȱpotential. B) Voltage-gatedȱpotassiumȱchannelsȱbeginȱtoȱclose. C) Voltage-gatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱbeginȱtoȱopen. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) Whenȱcholinergicȱreceptorsȱareȱstimulated, A) sodiumȱionsȱenterȱtheȱpostsynapticȱneuron. B) sodiumȱionsȱleaveȱtheȱpostsynapticȱneuron. C) chlorideȱionsȱenterȱtheȱpostsynapticȱneuron. D) chlorideȱionsȱleaveȱtheȱpostsynapticȱneuron. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Ifȱtheȱaxonȱterminalȱofȱaȱmotorȱneuronȱsuddenlyȱbecameȱpermeableȱtoȱcalciumȱion, A) theȱneuronȱwillȱfireȱanȱactionȱpotential. B) theȱmotorȱendȱplateȱwillȱbeȱdepolarized. C) theȱmotorȱendȱplateȱwillȱbeȱhyperpolarized. D) neurotransmitterȱreleaseȱwillȱbeȱblocked. E) theȱneuronȱwillȱbecomeȱunableȱtoȱstimulateȱtheȱmuscleȱcell. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Presynapticȱfacilitationȱbyȱserotoninȱisȱcausedȱby A) increasedȱextracellularȱconcentrationȱofȱsodiumȱion. B) increasedȱextracellularȱconcentrationȱofȱpotassiumȱion. C) blockageȱofȱcalciumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱpresynapticȱmembrane. D) calciumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱpresynapticȱmembraneȱremainingȱopenȱlonger. E) temporalȱsummation. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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109) Afterȱaȱstroke,ȱwhatȱtypeȱofȱglialȱcellȱaccumulatesȱwithinȱtheȱaffectedȱbrainȱregion? A) astrocytes B) satelliteȱcells C) oligodendrocytes D) microglia E) ependymalȱcells Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

110) Pufferȱfishȱpoisonȱblocksȱvoltage-gatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱlikeȱaȱcork.ȱWhatȱeffectȱwouldȱthisȱneurotoxinȱhave onȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱneurons? A) Neuronsȱwouldȱdepolarizeȱmoreȱrapidly. B) Actionȱpotentialsȱwouldȱlackȱaȱrepolarizationȱphase. C) Theȱabsoluteȱrefractoryȱperiodȱwouldȱbeȱshorterȱthanȱnormal. D) Theȱaxonȱwouldȱbeȱunableȱtoȱgenerateȱactionȱpotentials. E) None,ȱbecauseȱtheȱchemicallyȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannelsȱwouldȱstillȱfunction. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

111) Opioidsȱrelieveȱpainȱbyȱblockingȱtheȱreleaseȱof A) substanceȱO. B) substanceȱP. C) substanceȱQ. D) substanceȱX. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

112) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱrecognizedȱclassȱofȱopioidȱneuromodulators? A) endorphins B) enkephalins C) endomorphins D) dynorphins E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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Figureȱ12- 1ȱTheȱNeuron UseȱFigureȱ12- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 113) TheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉȱareȱdendrites.ȱTheirȱmembranesȱcontainȱnumerousȱchemicallyȱgatedȱionȱchannels. A) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱstatementsȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱstatementsȱareȱfalse. E) Bothȱstatementsȱareȱtrueȱandȱrelateȱtoȱsynapticȱtransmission. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) TheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉȱisȱa A) soma. B) dendrite. C) initialȱsegment. D) perikaryon. E) Nisslȱbody. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) WhichȱtypeȱofȱmembraneȱchannelsȱareȱfoundȱatȱlabelȱȈ3Ȉ? A) voltage-gatedȱNa+ ȱchannels B) voltage-gatedȱK+ ȱchannels C) chemicallyȱgatedȱNa+ ȱandȱK+ ȱchannels D) voltage-gatedȱCa2+ ȱchannels E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) Whichȱpartȱofȱtheȱneuronȱcanȱconductȱanȱactionȱpotential? A) 1 B) 1ȱandȱ2 C) 2ȱandȱ3 D) 3ȱandȱ4 E) 3,ȱ4,ȱandȱ5 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) axons B) telodendria C) dendriticȱspines D) synapticȱterminals E) axosomata Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

Figureȱ12- 2ȱTheȱNerveȱActionȱPotential UseȱFigureȱ12- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 118) Whichȱareaȱofȱtheȱgraphȱshowsȱwhenȱpassiveȱdepolarizationȱisȱoccurring? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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119) Whichȱareaȱofȱtheȱgraphȱoccursȱwhenȱthereȱisȱaȱsuddenȱinrushȱofȱsodiumȱions? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

120) Whichȱareaȱofȱtheȱgraphȱshowsȱwhenȱmembraneȱpotentialȱapproachesȱtheȱpotassiumȱequilibriumȱpotential? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

121) Whichȱpointȱofȱtheȱgraphȱshowsȱwhenȱpotassiumȱionȱoutflowȱexceedsȱsodiumȱionȱinflow? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Whenȱisȱtheȱneuronȱinȱtheȱrefractoryȱperiod? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱnervousȱtissueȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱcomposesȱtheȱ________ȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: peripheral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱ________ȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱperipheralȱnervousȱsystemȱbringsȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcentralȱnervous system. Answer: afferent Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱ________ȱdivisionȱcarriesȱmotorȱcommandsȱtoȱmusclesȱandȱglands. Answer: efferent Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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4) Theȱ________ȱnervousȱsystemȱprovidesȱinvoluntaryȱregulationȱofȱsmoothȱmuscle,ȱcardiacȱmuscle,ȱand glandularȱactivity. Answer: autonomic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱofȱanȱaxonȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: axolemma Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱbasicȱfunctionalȱunitȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: neuron Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) TheȱtinyȱgapsȱbetweenȱadjacentȱSchwannȱcellsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: nodesȱofȱRanvier Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱmovementȱofȱchargesȱinȱresponseȱtoȱaȱpotentialȱdifferenceȱisȱcalledȱaȱ________. Answer: current Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱseparationȱofȱplusȱandȱnegativeȱchargesȱacrossȱtheȱmembraneȱcreatesȱaȱ________ȱdifference,ȱorȱvoltage. Answer: potential Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱsumȱofȱtheȱelectricalȱandȱchemicalȱforcesȱactingȱonȱanȱionȱisȱknownȱasȱitsȱ________. Answer: electrochemicalȱgradient Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Theȱminimumȱstimulusȱrequiredȱtoȱtriggerȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: threshold Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱ________ȱprincipleȱstatesȱthatȱtheȱsizeȱandȱspeedȱofȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱareȱindependentȱofȱtheȱstimulus strength. Answer: all-or-none Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱperiodȱduringȱwhichȱanȱexcitableȱmembraneȱcannotȱrespondȱtoȱfurtherȱstimulationȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: absoluteȱrefractoryȱperiod Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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14) Theȱperiodȱduringȱwhichȱanȱexcitableȱmembraneȱcanȱrespondȱagain,ȱbutȱonlyȱifȱtheȱstimulusȱisȱgreaterȱthanȱthe thresholdȱstimulus,ȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: relativeȱrefractoryȱperiod Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Anȱactionȱpotentialȱtravelingȱalongȱanȱaxonȱisȱalsoȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: nerveȱimpulse Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Atȱa(n)ȱ________ȱsynapse,ȱaȱneurotransmitterȱisȱreleasedȱtoȱstimulateȱtheȱpostsynapticȱmembrane. Answer: chemical Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱsynapse,ȱcurrentȱflowsȱdirectlyȱbetweenȱcells. Answer: electrical Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Compoundsȱthatȱalterȱtheȱrateȱofȱneurotransmitterȱreleaseȱbyȱtheȱpresynapticȱneuronȱorȱchangeȱthe postsynapticȱcellȇsȱresponseȱtoȱneurotransmittersȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: neuromodulators Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) TheȱbuildupȱofȱdepolarizationȱwhenȱEPSPsȱarriveȱinȱrapidȱsuccessionȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱsummation. Answer: temporal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) TheȱbuildupȱofȱdepolarizationȱwhenȱEPSPsȱarriveȱatȱseveralȱplacesȱonȱtheȱneuronȱisȱcalledȱ________ summation. Answer: spatial Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) ________ȱcarryȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱCNS. Answer: Afferentȱneurons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) ________ȱcarryȱmotorȱinformationȱtoȱperipheralȱeffectors. Answer: Efferentȱneurons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) ________ȱareȱnervesȱthatȱconnectȱtoȱtheȱspinalȱcord. Answer: Spinalȱnerves Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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24) ________ȱareȱnervesȱthatȱconnectȱtoȱtheȱbrain. Answer: Cranialȱnerves Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Matchȱtheȱsystemȱwithȱitsȱcomponents. 1. centralȱnervousȱsystem 2. peripheralȱnervousȱsystem 3. somaticȱnervousȱsystem 4. autonomicȱnervousȱsystem A) includesȱallȱneuralȱtissueȱoutsideȱtheȱCNS B) includesȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱbrain C) ȱcontrolsȱvisceralȱeffectors D) controlsȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcontractions Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-A;ȱ3-D;ȱ4-C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Matchȱtheȱsensoryȱreceptorȱwithȱitsȱfunction. 1. interoceptors 2. exteroceptors 3. proprioceptors A) monitorȱtheȱpositionȱandȱmovementȱofȱskeletalȱmusclesȱandȱjointsȱ B) provideȱsensationsȱofȱtaste,ȱdeepȱpressure,ȱandȱpain C) provideȱinformationȱaboutȱtheȱexternalȱenvironment Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Matchȱtheȱmembraneȱpotentialȱwithȱitsȱexample. 1. repolarization 2. hyperpolarization 3. depolarization A) anȱincreaseȱfromȱ-70ȱtoȱ-80ȱmVȱ B) changesȱfromȱrestȱtoȱaȱmoreȱpositiveȱvalue C) returnȱtoȱrestingȱpotentialȱafterȱdepolarization Answer: 1-C;ȱ2-A;ȱ3-B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) ________ȱmonitorȱtheȱdigestive,ȱrespiratory,ȱcardiovascular,ȱurinary,ȱandȱreproductiveȱsystems. Answer: Interoceptors Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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29) Productsȱfromȱtheȱsomaȱofȱaȱneuronȱareȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱsynapticȱterminalsȱbyȱ________ȱaxoplasmic transport. Answer: anterograde Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

30) Aȱchangeȱinȱtheȱconditionsȱinȱtheȱsynapticȱknobȱcanȱinfluenceȱtheȱsomaȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱ________ȱaxoplasmic transport. Answer: retrograde Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

31) RegionsȱofȱtheȱCNSȱwithȱanȱabundanceȱofȱmyelinatedȱaxonsȱconstituteȱtheȱ________ȱmatter. Answer: white Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

32) RegionsȱofȱtheȱCNSȱwhereȱneuronȱcellȱbodiesȱdominateȱconstituteȱtheȱ________ȱmatter. Answer: gray Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) NeuronȱcellȱbodiesȱinȱtheȱPNSȱareȱclusteredȱtogetherȱinȱmassesȱcalledȱ________. Answer: ganglia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

34) ________ȱprovideȱinformationȱaboutȱtheȱexternalȱenvironment. Answer: Exteroceptors Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

35) ________ȱmonitorȱtheȱpositionȱofȱskeletalȱmusclesȱandȱjoints. Answer: Proprioceptors Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

36) ________ȱmonitorȱtheȱinternalȱenvironment. Answer: Interoceptors Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

37) Theȱbasicȱfunctionalȱunitȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱcellsȱcalledȱ________. Answer: neurons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Duringȱfetalȱdevelopmentȱandȱearlyȱchildhood,ȱtheȱfreeȱsurfaceȱofȱependymalȱcellsȱisȱcoveredȱwithȱ________. Answer: cilia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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39) Theȱpresenceȱofȱȱ________ȱdramaticallyȱincreasesȱtheȱspeedȱatȱwhichȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱmovesȱalongȱanȱaxon. Answer: myelin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱsensoryȱlossȱandȱmuscleȱweaknessȱassociatedȱwithȱmultipleȱsclerosisȱareȱaȱconsequenceȱofȱ________. Answer: demyelination Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Aȱshiftȱofȱtheȱrestingȱtransmembraneȱpotentialȱtowardȱ0ȱmVȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: depolarization Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱperiodȱfromȱwhenȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱbeginsȱuntilȱnormalȱexcitabilityȱreturnsȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________ period. Answer: refractory Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Mostȱneuronsȱlackȱ________ȱandȱsoȱareȱpermanentlyȱblockedȱfromȱundergoingȱcellȱdivision. Answer: centrioles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Rabiesȱisȱcausedȱbyȱaȱvirusȱthatȱattacksȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystem.ȱTheȱvirusȱisȱnormallyȱintroducedȱbyȱan animalȱbiteȱthatȱbreaksȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱskin.ȱSinceȱtheȱvirusȱisȱnotȱmotile,ȱhowȱdoesȱitȱtravelȱtoȱtheȱcentral nervousȱsystem? Answer: Whenȱtheȱskinȱisȱbrokenȱbyȱanȱanimalȱbiteȱsomeȱcutaneousȱreceptorsȱareȱphysicallyȱdamaged.ȱItȱis throughȱtheseȱdamagedȱaxonsȱthatȱtheȱvirusȱgainsȱentranceȱtoȱtheȱneuron.ȱRetrogradeȱaxoplasmic transportȱcarriesȱtheȱvirusȱtoȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystem,ȱwhereȱitȱcanȱreproduceȱandȱspread. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Theȱmyelinationȱofȱcentralȱandȱperipheralȱaxonsȱoccursȱrapidlyȱthroughȱtheȱfirstȱfewȱyearsȱofȱlife.ȱHowȱcanȱthis developmentalȱprocessȱexplainȱtheȱimprovedȱmotorȱabilitiesȱofȱinfantsȱandȱtoddlers? Answer: Withoutȱfullȱmyelination,ȱinformationȱaboutȱlimbȱmovementȱandȱbodyȱpositionȱmovesȱslowlyȱtoȱthe CNS,ȱandȱmotorȱcommandsȱmoveȱslowlyȱandȱerraticallyȱtoȱtheȱmuscles.ȱByȱtheȱtimeȱtheȱbrainȱisȱawareȱof movementȱorȱpositionȱandȱcanȱissueȱaȱmotorȱcommand,ȱtheȱlimbȱhasȱalreadyȱmoved.ȱWhenȱtheȱmotor commandȱreachesȱtheȱskeletalȱmuscle,ȱtheȱresponseȱisȱnoȱlongerȱappropriate.ȱAsȱtheȱneuronsȱbecome fullyȱmyelinated,ȱinformationȱprocessingȱspeedsȱup,ȱsoȱweȱobserveȱimprovedȱbalance,ȱcoordination,ȱand movement. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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3) AȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱATPȱproductionȱisȱintroducedȱintoȱanȱisolatedȱaxonȱpreparation.ȱTheȱaxonȱisȱthen repeatedlyȱstimulated,ȱandȱrecordingsȱareȱmadeȱofȱtheȱresponse.ȱWhatȱeffectsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱobserve? Answer: Initially,ȱtheȱrecordingȱwouldȱshowȱnormalȱactionȱpotentialsȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱrepetitiveȱstimulation. Afterȱ50,000ȱtoȱ100,000ȱactionȱpotentialsȱhaveȱpassed,ȱtheȱrecordingȱwouldȱstartȱtoȱindicateȱless responsivenessȱfromȱtheȱaxon;ȱultimately,ȱtheȱaxonȱwouldȱfailȱtoȱrespond.ȱBecauseȱveryȱfewȱionsȱactually moveȱacrossȱtheȱmembraneȱduringȱanȱactionȱpotential,ȱaxonsȱcanȱcarryȱthousandsȱofȱactionȱpotentials beforeȱtheȱconcentrationsȱofȱsodiumȱandȱpotassiumȱionsȱmustȱbeȱreestablishedȱbyȱtheȱsodium-potassium pump.ȱWithoutȱATPȱproduction,ȱtheȱsupplyȱofȱATPȱwouldȱbeȱconsumed,ȱtheȱpumpȱwouldȱshutȱdown, andȱsoȱtheȱcellȱcouldȱnotȱrestoreȱtheȱsodiumȱandȱpotassiumȱionȱgradients.ȱTheȱresultingȱslow depolarizationȱwouldȱinactivateȱvoltage-gatedȱsodiumȱchannels,ȱleadingȱtoȱaȱpersistentȱabsolute refractoryȱstate.ȱTheȱlossȱofȱtheȱelectrochemicalȱgradientsȱdeniesȱtheȱaxonsȱtheirȱmeansȱofȱgeneratingȱan actionȱpotential,ȱandȱtransmissionȱwouldȱstop. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ13 TheȱSpinalȱCord,ȱSpinalȱNerves,ȱandȱSpinalȱReflexes MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Inȱtheȱspinalȱcord,ȱwhiteȱmatterȱisȱseparatedȱintoȱascendingȱandȱdescendingȱtractsȱorganizedȱas A) nuclei. B) ganglia. C) columns. D) nerves. E) horns. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Enlargementsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱoccur A) nearȱtheȱposteriorȱmedianȱsulcus. B) adjacentȱtoȱtheȱanteriorȱmedianȱfissure. C) inȱthoseȱspinalȱsegmentsȱthatȱcontrolȱtheȱlimbs. D) inȱtheȱthoracicȱregion. E) inȱtheȱsacralȱȱregion. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱstrandȱofȱfibrousȱtissueȱthatȱprovidesȱlongitudinalȱsupportȱasȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱcoccygeal ligament. A) conusȱmedullaris B) filumȱterminale C) caudaȱequina D) dorsalȱroot E) ventralȱroot Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱspinalȱcordȱconsistsȱofȱfiveȱregionsȱandȱȱ________ȱsegments. A) 5 B) 12 C) 25 D) 31 E) numberȱvariesȱwidelyȱamongȱindividuals Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱspinalȱcordȱcontinuesȱtoȱelongateȱuntilȱaboutȱage A) 20ȱyears. B) 10ȱyears. C) 4ȱyears. D) 6ȱmonths. E) 2ȱmonths. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱspecializedȱmembranesȱthatȱsurroundȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱtermedȱthe A) cranialȱmeninges. B) cranialȱmater. C) spinalȱmeninges. D) spinalȱmater. E) epiduralȱmembranes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Bloodȱvesselsȱthatȱsupplyȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱrunȱalongȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱthe A) piaȱmater. B) duraȱmater. C) epiduralȱspace. D) subduralȱspace. E) subarachnoidȱspace. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱoutwardȱprojectionsȱfromȱtheȱcentralȱgrayȱmatterȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱcalled A) wings. B) horns. C) pyramids. D) fibers. E) tracts. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Axonsȱcrossingȱfromȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱtoȱtheȱotherȱwithinȱtheȱgrayȱmatterȱareȱfoundȱinȱthe A) anteriorȱgrayȱhorns. B) lateralȱgrayȱhorns. C) posteriorȱgrayȱhorns. D) grayȱcommissures. E) whiteȱcommissures. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱwhiteȱmatterȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontains A) bundlesȱofȱaxonsȱwithȱcommonȱorigins,ȱdestinations,ȱandȱfunctions. B) bundlesȱofȱdendritesȱwithȱcommonȱorigins,ȱdestinations,ȱandȱfunctions. C) sensoryȱandȱmotorȱnuclei. D) bothȱaxonsȱandȱdendrites. E) interneurons. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱoutermostȱconnective-tissueȱcoveringȱofȱnervesȱisȱthe A) endoneurium. B) endomysium. C) perineurium. D) epineurium. E) epimysium. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱdorsalȱrootȱgangliaȱmainlyȱcontain A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons. B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons. D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. E) synapses. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱdorsalȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱcontains A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons. B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons. D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. E) interneurons. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱventralȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱcontains A) axonsȱofȱmotorȱneurons. B) axonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. C) cellȱbodiesȱofȱmotorȱneurons. D) cellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneurons. E) interneurons. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Spinalȱnervesȱare A) purelyȱsensory. B) purelyȱmotor. C) bothȱsensoryȱandȱmotor. D) interneuronal. E) involuntary. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Aȱdorsalȱandȱventralȱrootȱofȱeachȱspinalȱsegmentȱuniteȱtoȱformȱa A) cervicalȱenlargement. B) lumbarȱenlargement. C) spinalȱnerve. D) spinalȱmeninx. E) spinalȱganglion. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱconnectȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱwithȱanȱautonomicȱganglionȱinȱtheȱthoracicȱandȱlumbar regionȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱformȱthe A) whiteȱramiȱcommunicantes. B) grayȱramiȱcommunicantes. C) dorsalȱramus. D) ventralȱramus. E) dermatomes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱconnectȱanȱautonomicȱganglionȱinȱtheȱthoracicȱorȱlumbarȱregionȱwithȱtheȱspinal nerveȱare A) whiteȱramiȱcommunicantes. B) grayȱramiȱcommunicantes. C) dorsalȱramus. D) ventralȱramus. E) dermatomes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Postganglionicȱfibersȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱthatȱinnervateȱinternalȱorgansȱdoȱnotȱrejoinȱtheȱspinal nerveȱbutȱform A) dorsalȱrami. B) ventralȱrami. C) whiteȱrami. D) grayȱrami. E) autonomicȱnerves. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱassociationsȱisȱincorrect? A) 8ȱcervicalȱspinalȱnerves B) 11ȱthoracicȱspinalȱnerves C) 5ȱlumbarȱspinalȱnerves D) 5ȱsacralȱspinalȱnerves E) 1ȱcoccygealȱspinalȱnerve Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱ________ȱofȱeachȱspinalȱnerveȱinnervatesȱtheȱskinȱandȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱback. A) whiteȱramusȱcommunicantes B) grayȱramusȱcommunicantes C) dorsalȱramus D) ventralȱramus E) dermatome Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Musclesȱofȱtheȱneckȱandȱshoulderȱareȱinnervatedȱbyȱspinalȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱ________ȱregion. A) cervical B) thoracic C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Spinalȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱsacralȱregionȱofȱtheȱcordȱinnervateȱtheȱ________ȱmuscles. A) shoulder B) intercostal C) abdominal D) leg E) facial Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱ________ȱinnervatesȱtheȱventrolateralȱbodyȱsurface,ȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱbodyȱwall,ȱandȱtheȱlimbs. A) whiteȱramiȱcommunicantes B) grayȱramiȱcommunicantes C) dorsalȱramus D) ventralȱramus E) dermatomes Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱcomplex,ȱinterwovenȱnetworkȱformedȱbyȱcontributionsȱfromȱtheȱventralȱramiȱofȱneighboringȱspinalȱnerves isȱtermedȱa(n) A) dermatome. B) autonomicȱnerve. C) lateralȱnerve. D) tract. E) plexus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱnervesȱoriginatesȱinȱtheȱlumbarȱplexus,ȱexceptȱtheȱ________ȱnerve. A) saphenous B) sciatic C) femoral D) obturator E) genitofemoral Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱ________ȱnerve,ȱwhichȱarisesȱinȱtheȱcervicalȱplexus,ȱinnervatesȱtheȱdiaphragm. A) ansaȱcervicalis B) lesserȱoccipital C) radial D) phrenic E) sciatic Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) TheȱventralȱramiȱofȱspinalȱnervesȱC5ȱtoȱT1ȱcontributeȱfibersȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱplexus. A) cervical B) brachial C) lumbar D) sacral E) thoracic Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Inȱwhichȱplexusȱdoesȱtheȱulnarȱnerveȱarise? A) cranial B) cervical C) brachial D) lumbar E) sacral Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱneuralȱreflexes,ȱexceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱautomaticȱmotorȱresponses. B) areȱtheȱsimplestȱformȱofȱbehavior. C) helpȱpreserveȱhomeostasis. D) cannotȱbeȱmodifiedȱbyȱtheȱbrain. E) involveȱatȱleastȱtwoȱneurons. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Reflexesȱcanȱbeȱclassifiedȱaccordingȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) theirȱdevelopment. B) whereȱinformationȱprocessingȱoccurs. C) theȱmotorȱresponse. D) theȱcomplexityȱofȱtheȱneuralȱcircuit. E) whetherȱtheyȱareȱsensoryȱorȱmotor. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Reflexesȱbasedȱonȱsynapsesȱformedȱduringȱdevelopmentȱareȱ________ȱreflexes. A) visceral B) innate C) acquired D) somatic E) vegetative Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱstretchȱreflex A) isȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱpolysynapticȱreflex. B) isȱimportantȱinȱregulatingȱmuscleȱlength. C) involvesȱaȱreceptorȱcalledȱtheȱGolgiȱtendonȱorgan. D) isȱactivatedȱwhenȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱlengthens. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱmuscleȱspindles,ȱexceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱfoundȱwithinȱskeletalȱmuscle. B) consistȱofȱspecializedȱfibersȱcalledȱintrafusalȱfibers. C) areȱfoundȱinȱtendons. D) areȱtheȱreceptorȱforȱtheȱstretchȱreflex. E) areȱinnervatedȱbyȱgammaȱmotorȱneurons. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱreflexȱthatȱpreventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱexertingȱtooȱmuchȱtensionȱisȱtheȱ________ȱreflex. A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossedȱextensor E) reciprocal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱflexorȱreflex A) preventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱoverstretching. B) preventsȱaȱmuscleȱfromȱgeneratingȱdamagingȱtension. C) movesȱaȱlimbȱawayȱfromȱaȱpainfulȱstimulus. D) usuallyȱdependsȱonȱcranialȱneurons. E) isȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱmonosynapticȱreflex. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱ________ȱreflexȱcomplementsȱtheȱflexorȱreflexȱbyȱactivatingȱcontralateralȱmuscles. A) stretch B) tendon C) flexor D) crossedȱextensor E) reciprocal Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Spinalȱinterneuronsȱinhibitȱantagonistȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱaȱprocessȱcalled A) aȱcrossedȱextensorȱreflex. B) aȱstretchȱreflex. C) aȱtendonȱreflex. D) reciprocalȱinhibition. E) reverberatingȱcircuits. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱpolysynapticȱreflexes, exceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱarrangedȱaccordingȱtoȱdermatomes. B) areȱintersegmentalȱinȱdistribution. C) involveȱreciprocalȱinnervation. D) haveȱreverberatingȱcircuitsȱthatȱprolongȱtheȱreflexiveȱmotorȱresponse. E) involveȱpoolsȱofȱinterneurons. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Recognizedȱneuronalȱcircuitȱpatternsȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) convergent. B) divergent. C) multipolar. D) reverberating. E) parallelȱprocessing. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Theȱtough,ȱfibrous,ȱoutermostȱcoveringȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱthe A) arachnoid. B) piaȱmater. C) duraȱmater. D) epiduralȱblock. E) periosteum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱwhiteȱmatterȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱmainly A) unmyelinatedȱaxons. B) neuroglia. C) Schwannȱcells. D) myelinatedȱaxons. E) nodesȱofȱRanvier. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱaȱfascicleȱwithinȱaȱperipheralȱnerveȱisȱthe A) perineurium. B) epineurium. C) endoneurium. D) epimysium. E) endosteum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumn,ȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱis A) longer. B) shorter. C) theȱsameȱlength. D) A,ȱB,ȱorȱC,ȱdependingȱonȱage E) AȱorȱC,ȱdependingȱonȱage Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Afterȱageȱ________ȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumnȱcontinuesȱtoȱelongate,ȱbutȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱitselfȱdoesȱnot. A) 8 B) 12 C) 18 D) 4 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Inȱmeningitis, A) inflammationȱofȱtheȱmeningesȱoccurs. B) bacteriaȱcanȱbeȱtheȱcause. C) virusesȱcanȱbeȱtheȱcause. D) CSFȱflowȱcanȱbeȱdisrupted. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱregardingȱanȱepiduralȱblock? A) Itȱisȱcommonlyȱusedȱasȱaȱmethodȱofȱpainȱcontrolȱduringȱlaborȱandȱdelivery. B) Itȱaffectsȱonlyȱtheȱspinalȱnervesȱinȱtheȱimmediateȱareaȱofȱtheȱinjection. C) Itȱcanȱbeȱdifficultȱtoȱachieveȱinȱtheȱupperȱcervicalȱandȱmidthoracicȱregion. D) Itȱprovidesȱmainlyȱsensoryȱanesthesia. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

48) Somaticȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontrolȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmuscles,ȱexceptȱthoseȱthat A) positionȱtheȱpectoralȱgirdle. B) moveȱtheȱarm. C) moveȱtheȱhandȱandȱfingers. D) moveȱtheȱneck. E) moveȱtheȱforearmȱandȱhand. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Theȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱindividualȱaxonsȱwithinȱaȱperipheralȱnerveȱisȱtermedȱthe A) endoneurium. B) perineurium. C) aponeurium. D) metaneurium. E) subneurium. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱaboutȱaȱpositiveȱBabinskiȱreflex? A) normalȱinȱnewborns B) abnormalȱinȱadults C) aȱsignȱofȱinjuryȱtoȱdescendingȱspinalȱtracts D) whyȱyouȱcloseȱyourȱeyesȱwhenȱyouȱsneeze E) flaringȱofȱtheȱtoesȱwhenȱtheȱsoleȱisȱstroked Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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51) Inȱtheȱconditionȱ________,ȱaȱvirusȱinfectsȱdorsalȱrootȱganglia,ȱcausingȱaȱpainfulȱrashȱwhoseȱdistribution correspondsȱtoȱthatȱofȱtheȱaffectedȱsensoryȱnervesȱasȱseenȱinȱtheirȱdermatomes. A) myastheniaȱgravis B) neuronalȱdamage C) shingles D) chickenpox E) Hodgkinȇsȱdisease Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Eachȱperipheralȱnerveȱprovidesȱ________ȱinnervationȱtoȱperipheralȱstructures. A) motor B) sensory C) motorȱANDȱsensory D) motorȱORȱsensory E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱventralȱramiȱformȱfourȱmajorȱplexuses,ȱincludingȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱtheȱ________ȱplexus. A) brachial B) lumbar C) sacral D) nuchal E) cervical Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) IfȱaȱpersonȱhasȱaȱcrushȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱC 3 -C5 spinalȱsegments,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱthatȱhe A) mightȱbeȱunableȱtoȱbreatheȱonȱhisȱown. B) couldȱwalkȱwithoutȱdifficulty. C) wouldȱhaveȱfullȱrangeȱofȱmotionȱinȱallȱextremities. D) wouldȱbeȱinȱaȱcoma. E) wouldȱexhibitȱnoneȱofȱtheȱabove. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

55) Asȱtheȱ________ȱnerveȱapproachesȱtheȱknee,ȱitȱdividesȱintoȱtwoȱbranches,ȱtheȱfibularȱnerveȱandȱtheȱtibialȱnerve. A) perineal B) femoral C) brachial D) pudendal E) sciatic Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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56) Theȱobturatorȱnerveȱisȱdistributedȱtoȱthe A) adductorsȱofȱtheȱhip. B) skinȱoverȱtheȱperineum. C) extensorsȱofȱtheȱhip. D) skinȱoverȱbuttocks. E) bicepsȱfemoris. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

57) Aȱviralȱdiseaseȱthatȱdestroysȱtheȱcellsȱofȱtheȱanteriorȱgrayȱhornȱwill A) leadȱtoȱmuscleȱweaknessȱorȱparalysis. B) interfereȱwithȱpositionȱsense. C) mainlyȱinterfereȱwithȱcrudeȱtouchȱandȱtemperatureȱsense. D) blockȱautonomicȱregulation. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Cerebrospinalȱfluidȱflowsȱwithinȱthe A) filumȱterminale. B) subarachnoidȱspace. C) duraȱmater. D) piaȱmater. E) arachnoidȱmater. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) Theȱepiduralȱspaceȱcontains A) cerebrospinalȱfluid. B) lymph. C) blood. D) connectiveȱtissueȱandȱbloodȱvessels. E) denticulateȱligaments. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

60) Theȱsubduralȱspaceȱliesȱbetween A) theȱarachnoidȱmaterȱandȱtheȱpiaȱmater. B) theȱpiaȱmaterȱandȱtheȱduraȱmater. C) theȱduraȱmaterȱandȱtheȱarachnoidȱmater. D) theȱpiaȱmaterȱandȱtheȱsubarachnoidȱspace. E) theȱendosteumȱandȱtheȱperiosteum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱmeningesȱinȱdirectȱcontactȱwithȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱthe A) duraȱmater. B) subarachnoidȱspace. C) arachnoid. D) piaȱmater. E) choroidȱplexus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontainȱmainly A) nerveȱtracts. B) columns. C) meninges. D) nerveȱcellȱbodies. E) funiculi. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Theȱposteriorȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontainȱmainly A) sensoryȱnuclei. B) somaticȱmotorȱnuclei. C) autonomicȱmotorȱnuclei. D) nerveȱtracts. E) sympatheticȱnuclei. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Theȱanteriorȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱcontainȱmainly A) sensoryȱnuclei. B) somaticȱmotorȱnuclei. C) autonomicȱmotorȱnuclei. D) nerveȱtracts. E) sympatheticȱnuclei. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) Nerveȱtractsȱorȱfasciculiȱmakeȱupȱthe A) centralȱcanal. B) posteriorȱgrayȱhorns. C) grayȱcommissures. D) anteriorȱwhiteȱcolumns. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Ifȱtheȱdorsalȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱisȱsevered, A) outputȱtoȱskeletalȱmusclesȱwouldȱbeȱblocked. B) outputȱtoȱvisceralȱorgansȱwouldȱbeȱblocked. C) theȱspinalȱcordȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱprocessȱinformationȱatȱthatȱlevel. D) theȱbrainȱwouldȱnotȱbeȱableȱtoȱcommunicateȱwithȱthatȱlevelȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. E) sensoryȱinputȱwouldȱbeȱblocked. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) SamplesȱofȱCSFȱforȱdiagnosticȱpurposesȱareȱnormallyȱobtainedȱbyȱplacingȱtheȱtipȱofȱaȱneedleȱinȱthe A) duraȱmater. B) arachnoidȱmater. C) epiduralȱspace. D) subarachnoidȱspace. E) cerebralȱventricles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱdelayȱbetweenȱstimulusȱandȱresponseȱbeȱgreater?ȱ A) aȱmonosynapticȱreflex B) aȱpolysynapticȱreflex Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Inȱanȱadult,ȱtheȱconusȱmedullarisȱisȱfoundȱatȱabout A) T6 . B) T10. C) L1 . D) L5 . E) Co1 . Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Billȱcontractsȱaȱviralȱdiseaseȱthatȱdestroysȱcellsȱinȱtheȱposteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱinȱhisȱspinalȱcord.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱwhich ofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpect? A) lossȱofȱsensationȱinȱhisȱtorso B) inabilityȱtoȱbreathe C) problemsȱwithȱmovingȱhisȱarms D) uncontrollableȱsweatingȱofȱhisȱfeet E) problemsȱwithȱmovingȱhisȱlegs Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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71) Maryȱisȱinȱanȱautomobileȱaccidentȱandȱsuffersȱaȱspinalȱcordȱinjury.ȱSheȱhasȱlostȱfeelingȱinȱherȱlowerȱbody.ȱHer doctorȱtellsȱherȱthatȱswellingȱisȱcompressingȱaȱportionȱofȱherȱspinalȱcord.ȱWhichȱpartȱofȱherȱcordȱisȱlikelyȱtoȱbe compressed? A) theȱanteriorȱgrayȱhorns B) theȱanteriorȱgrayȱcommissures C) ascendingȱtracts D) descendingȱtracts E) theȱanteriorȱwhiteȱcommissures Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

72) Theȱbrachialȱplexusȱgivesȱriseȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱnerves,ȱexcept the A) radial. B) median. C) ulnar. D) musculocutaneous. E) phrenic. Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Tinaȱfallsȱwhileȱclimbingȱaȱtreeȱandȱlandsȱonȱherȱback.ȱHerȱfrightenedȱparentsȱtakeȱherȱtoȱtheȱemergencyȱroom, whereȱsheȱisȱexamined.ȱHerȱknee-jerkȱreflexȱisȱnormalȱandȱsheȱexhibitsȱaȱplantarȱreflexȱ(negativeȱBabinski reflex).ȱTheseȱresultsȱsuggestȱthat A) Tinaȱhasȱinjuredȱoneȱofȱherȱdescendingȱnerveȱtracts. B) Tinaȱhasȱinjuredȱoneȱofȱherȱascendingȱnerveȱtracts. C) Tinaȱhasȱaȱspinalȱinjuryȱinȱtheȱlumbarȱregion. D) Tinaȱhasȱaȱspinalȱinjuryȱinȱtheȱcervicalȱregion. E) Tinaȱsufferedȱnoȱdamageȱtoȱherȱspinalȱcord. Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ13- 1ȱTheȱSpinalȱCord UseȱFigureȱ13- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 74) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12Ȉ? A) controlȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle B) somaticȱsensoryȱreceiving C) visceralȱsensoryȱreceiving D) controlȱofȱvisceralȱeffectors E) ascendingȱpathway Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Whereȱdoȱsomaticȱmotorȱneuronsȱreside? A) 10 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14 E) 15 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ14Ȉ? A) controlȱofȱskeletalȱmuscle B) somaticȱsensoryȱprocessing C) controlȱofȱvisceralȱeffectors D) somaticȱmotorȱcontrol E) visceralȱsensoryȱprocessing Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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77) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ10.Ȉ A) anteriorȱwhiteȱcommissure B) anteriorȱmedianȱfissure C) anteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn D) anteriorȱgrayȱcommissure E) anteriorȱwhiteȱhorn Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) anteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn B) lateralȱwhiteȱcolumn C) lateralȱwhiteȱhorn D) medianȱcommissure E) posteriorȱwhiteȱcolumn Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ13- 2ȱSpinalȱNerves UseȱFigureȱ13- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 79) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) ventralȱroot B) dorsalȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) ventralȱramus E) whiteȱramus Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) autonomicȱnerve B) sympatheticȱganglion C) dorsalȱrootȱganglion D) ramiȱcommunicantes E) ventralȱroot Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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81) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) autonomicȱnerve B) autonomicȱganglion C) ramiȱcommunicantes D) dorsalȱrootȱganglion E) ventralȱroot Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Inȱwhichȱstructureȱareȱsensoryȱcellȱbodiesȱlocated? A) 4 B) 6 C) 5 D) 10 E) 12 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) peripheralȱnerve B) dorsalȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) ventralȱroot E) dorsalȱroot Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Supposeȱthatȱyouȱfeelȱsomethingȱbrushingȱagainstȱyourȱabdomen.ȱTheȱsensoryȱinformationȱwouldȱbeȱcarriedȱto theȱspinalȱcordȱoverȱaȱȱ________ȱramus. Answer: ventral Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) Theȱ________ȱplexusȱsuppliesȱinnervationȱtoȱtheȱdiaphragm. Answer: cervical Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Theȱspecificȱstripȱofȱskinȱthatȱisȱinnervatedȱbyȱaȱspecificȱspinalȱnerveȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: dermatome Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Aȱcomplex,ȱinterwovenȱnetworkȱofȱnervesȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: plexus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) TheȱneuralȱȈwiringȈȱofȱaȱsingleȱreflexȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: reflexȱarc Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) ________ȱreflexesȱactivateȱskeletalȱmuscles. Answer: Somatic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱmostȱcomplicatedȱspinalȱreflexesȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: intersegmentalȱreflexȱarcs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Reflexesȱthatȱactivateȱmusclesȱonȱtheȱsameȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱasȱtheȱstimulusȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: ipsilateral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Reflexesȱthatȱactivateȱmusclesȱonȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱasȱtheȱstimulusȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: contralateral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱreflex,ȱaȱsensoryȱneuronȱsynapsesȱdirectlyȱonȱaȱmotorȱneuron. Answer: monosynaptic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) A(n)ȱ________ȱreflexȱhasȱatȱleastȱoneȱinterneuronȱplacedȱbetweenȱtheȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱneurons. Answer: polysynaptic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱduraȱmaterȱtapersȱinferiorlyȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________. Answer: coccygealȱligament Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱaȱpersonȱlosesȱallȱfeelingȱandȱmovementȱofȱtheȱarmsȱandȱlegsȱdueȱtoȱspinalȱcordȱinjury isȱtermedȱ________. Answer: quadriplegia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

14) Theȱlossȱofȱfeelingȱandȱmovementȱofȱtheȱlegsȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: paraplegia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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15) Theȱ________ȱseparatesȱtheȱduraȱmaterȱfromȱtheȱwallsȱofȱtheȱvertebralȱcanal. Answer: epiduralȱspace Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Bloodȱvesselsȱtravelingȱwithinȱtheȱ________ȱdeliverȱoxygenȱandȱnutrientsȱtoȱtheȱspinalȱcord. Answer: subarachnoidȱspace Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Duringȱtheȱprocedureȱknownȱasȱa(n)ȱ________,ȱaȱneedleȱisȱinsertedȱintoȱtheȱsubarachnoidȱspaceȱinȱtheȱinferior lumbarȱregion. Answer: lumbarȱpunctureȱ(orȱspinalȱtap) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱnerveȱcrucialȱforȱbreathingȱthatȱoriginatesȱwithinȱtheȱcervicalȱplexusȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱnerve. Answer: phrenic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Inȱ________,ȱoneȱneuronȱsynapsesȱonȱseveralȱpostsynapticȱneurons. Answer: divergence Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Inȱ________,ȱaxonȱcollateralsȱextendȱbackȱtowardȱtheȱsourceȱofȱtheȱimpulseȱandȱfurtherȱstimulateȱtheȱearlier neurons. Answer: reverberation Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Visceralȱreflexesȱprovideȱaȱmechanismȱforȱcontrolȱofȱtheȱabdominalȱmuscles. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Inȱspinalȱreflexes,ȱtheȱsynapsesȱandȱneuralȱprocessingȱareȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱstretchȱreflexȱisȱmonosynaptic. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Afterȱageȱ4ȱtheȱvertebralȱcolumnȱcontinuesȱtoȱelongate,ȱbutȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱdoesȱnot. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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EssayȱQuestions 1) Whatȱisȱaȱreflexȱarc?ȱWhatȱcomponentsȱmustȱbeȱpresentȱtoȱqualify? Answer: Aȱreflexȱarcȱisȱtheȱwiringȱpatternȱofȱneuronsȱthatȱunderlieȱaȱparticularȱreflex.ȱAȱreflexȱarcȱconsistsȱofȱthree elementsȱatȱtheȱminimum:ȱ(1)ȱaȱsensoryȱreceptorȱandȱneuronȱtoȱcarryȱafferentȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱCNS;ȱ(2) anȱexcitatoryȱsynapseȱonȱaȱmotorȱneuron;ȱ(3)ȱtheȱmotorȱneuronȱtoȱgenerateȱanȱactionȱpotentialȱand conductȱtheȱimpulseȱtoȱanȱeffectorȱsuchȱasȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱmotorȱunit. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whatȱwouldȱhappenȱifȱtheȱdorsalȱrootȱofȱaȱspinalȱnerveȱwereȱcompletelyȱtransected? Answer: Theȱdorsalȱrootsȱcontainȱaxonsȱofȱsensoryȱneurons,ȱsoȱinputȱfromȱthoseȱafferentsȱwithinȱtheȱseveredȱroot wouldȱnotȱbeȱtransmittedȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱandȱthusȱthisȱlesionȱwouldȱresultȱinȱaȱcompleteȱlossȱofȱfeelingȱfrom theȱbodyȱregionȱservedȱbyȱtheȱafferentȱfibersȱinȱthatȱdorsalȱroot. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Sometimes,ȱwhenȱitȱisȱdifficultȱtoȱinitiateȱaȱknee-jerkȱreflexȱbyȱtappingȱtheȱpatellarȱtendon,ȱaȱpatientȱwillȱbe askedȱtoȱvoluntarilyȱmakeȱaȱfist.ȱThenȱtheȱreflexȱwillȱbeȱeasilyȱevoked.ȱWhatȱdoesȱthisȱillustrateȱaboutȱthe relationȱbetweenȱvoluntaryȱandȱinvoluntaryȱreflexȱmovement? Answer: Descendingȱmotorȱtractsȱthatȱexciteȱtheȱmotorȱneuronsȱthatȱactivateȱforearmȱandȱhandȱmusclesȱalsoȱsend excitatoryȱimpulsesȱtoȱmotorȱneuronsȱlowerȱdownȱtheȱspinalȱcord.ȱTheseȱEPSPsȱspatiallyȱsummateȱwith theȱexcitatoryȱinputsȱfromȱtheȱmuscleȱspindlesȱtoȱquadricepsȱmotorȱneurons,ȱbringingȱtheȱquadriceps neuronsȱtoȱthreshold,ȱandȱthusȱgenerateȱaȱbriskȱȈkneeȱjerkȈȱresponse. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Whileȱplayingȱfootball,ȱRamónȱisȱtackledȱhard,ȱandȱasȱheȱtriesȱtoȱgetȱup,ȱheȱfindsȱthatȱheȱhasȱdifficultyȱflexing andȱadductingȱhisȱleftȱthighȱandȱextendingȱhisȱleftȱleg.ȱWhichȱnerveȱinnervatingȱtheȱlowerȱlimbȱmayȱbe damaged,ȱandȱhowȱwouldȱtheȱdamageȱaffectȱsensoryȱperceptionȱinȱRamónȇsȱleftȱleg? Answer: Ramónȱhasȱaȱdamagedȱleftȱfemoralȱnerve.ȱThisȱnerveȱalsoȱsuppliesȱsensoryȱinnervationȱtoȱtheȱskinȱonȱthe anteromedialȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱthighȱandȱmedialȱsurfacesȱofȱtheȱlegȱandȱfoot,ȱsoȱheȱwillȱalsoȱexperience numbnessȱinȱthoseȱregions. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ14 TheȱBrainȱandȱCranialȱNerves MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱmainȱdivisionsȱofȱtheȱadultȱbrain? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) prosencephalon D) mesencephalon E) pons Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱliesȱbetweenȱtheȱcerebrumȱandȱtheȱbrainȱstem? A) medullaȱoblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱfloorȱofȱtheȱdiencephalonȱisȱformedȱbyȱthe A) hypothalamus. B) thalamus. C) brainȱstem. D) mesencephalon. E) myelencephalon. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱcerebellumȱandȱponsȱdevelopȱfromȱthe A) telencephalon. B) diencephalon. C) mesencephalon. D) metencephalon. E) myelencephalon. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Sensoryȱinformationȱisȱprocessedȱandȱrelayedȱtoȱtheȱcerebrumȱbyȱthe A) medullaȱoblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) thalamus. E) cerebellum. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱtractsȱthatȱconnectȱtheȱcerebellumȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱstemȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) medullaȱoblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Autonomicȱcentersȱthatȱcontrolȱbloodȱpressure,ȱheartȱrate,ȱandȱdigestionȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) medullaȱoblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱneuralȱcortexȱisȱfoundȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱthe A) cerebralȱhemispheres. B) pons. C) cerebellum. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱ________ȱprovidesȱtheȱprincipalȱlinkȱbetweenȱtheȱnervousȱandȱendocrineȱsystems. A) cerebellum B) medullaȱoblongata C) cerebrum D) pons E) hypothalamus Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱthinȱpartitionȱthatȱseparatesȱtheȱfirstȱandȱsecondȱventriclesȱisȱthe A) falxȱcerebri. B) septumȱpellucidum. C) septumȱinsula. D) interventricularȱforamina. E) cerebralȱaqueduct. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Eachȱlateralȱventricleȱcommunicatesȱwithȱtheȱthirdȱventricleȱthroughȱa(n) A) aqueductȱofȱSylvius. B) cerebralȱaqueduct. C) aqueductȱofȱmidbrain. D) interventricularȱforamen. E) medullaȱoblongata. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱthirdȱandȱfourthȱventriclesȱareȱlinkedȱbyȱaȱslenderȱcanalȱdesignatedȱasȱthe A) centralȱcanal. B) tentoriumȱcerebelli. C) mesencephalicȱaqueduct. D) interventricularȱforamina. E) pontineȱcanal. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱventricleȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱponsȱandȱupperȱmedullaȱisȱthe A) first. B) second. C) third. D) fourth. E) lateral. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱduralȱsinusesȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) paranasalȱcavity. B) arachnoid. C) piaȱmater. D) duralȱfolds. E) tentoriumȱcerebelli. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Whatȱstructureȱisȱcoveredȱbyȱmanyȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱadheresȱtightlyȱtoȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱbrain? A) piaȱmater B) arachnoid C) duraȱmater D) cranialȱplexus E) choroidȱplexus Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱduralȱfoldȱthatȱprojectsȱintoȱtheȱlongitudinalȱfissureȱbetweenȱcerebralȱhemispheresȱisȱcalledȱthe A) duralȱsinus. B) falxȱcerebri. C) tentoriumȱcerebelli. D) falxȱcerebelli. E) choroidȱplexus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Whatȱcontainsȱaȱspiderweblikeȱnetworkȱofȱcellsȱandȱfibersȱthroughȱwhichȱcerebrospinalȱfluidȱflows? A) subduralȱspace B) duralȱsinus C) falxȱcerebri D) subarachnoidȱspace E) piaȱmater Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid? A) providesȱcushioningȱforȱdelicateȱneuralȱtissues B) providesȱbuoyantȱsupportȱforȱtheȱbrain C) actsȱasȱaȱtransportȱmediumȱforȱnutrients D) providesȱATPȱforȱimpulseȱtransmission E) actsȱasȱaȱtransportȱmediumȱforȱwasteȱproducts Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Cerebrospinalȱfluid A) isȱsecretedȱbyȱependymalȱcells. B) isȱformedȱbyȱaȱpassiveȱprocess. C) isȱnormallyȱproducedȱtwiceȱasȱfastȱasȱitȱisȱremoved. D) hasȱalmostȱtheȱsameȱcompositionȱasȱbloodȱplasma. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) AbsorptionȱatȱtheȱarachnoidȱgranulationsȱreturnsȱCSFȱtoȱthe A) thirdȱventricle. B) arterialȱcirculation. C) venousȱcirculation. D) fourthȱventricle. E) centralȱcanal. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Cerebrospinalȱfluidȱentersȱtheȱsubarachnoidȱspaceȱthroughȱthe A) interventricularȱforamina. B) aqueductȱofȱSylvius. C) duralȱsinus. D) lateralȱandȱmedianȱapertures. E) falxȱcerebri. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Cerebrospinalȱfluidȱentersȱtheȱbloodȱcirculationȱatȱthe A) jugularȱveins. B) duralȱdrain. C) superiorȱsagittalȱsinus. D) tentoriumȱcerebelliȱ. E) frontalȱsinus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱpropertyȱofȱtheȱblood-brainȱbarrier? A) Theȱcapillaryȱendothelialȱcellsȱareȱinterconnectedȱbyȱtightȱjunctions. B) Itȱisȱgenerallyȱpermeableȱtoȱlipid-solubleȱcompounds. C) AstrocytesȱsurroundȱtheȱCNSȱcapillaries. D) Itȱisȱabsentȱinȱportionsȱofȱtheȱhypothalamus. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱnucleusȱgracilisȱandȱnucleusȱcuneatus A) areȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata. B) relayȱsomaticȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱthalamus. C) passȱmotorȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcerebellum. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱponsȱcontains A) sensoryȱandȱmotorȱnucleiȱforȱfourȱcranialȱnerves. B) nucleiȱconcernedȱwithȱtheȱcontrolȱofȱrespiration. C) tractsȱthatȱlinkȱtheȱcerebellumȱwithȱtheȱbrainȱstem. D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Overseeingȱtheȱposturalȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱbodyȱandȱmakingȱrapidȱadjustmentsȱtoȱmaintainȱbalanceȱand equilibriumȱareȱfunctionsȱofȱthe A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medullaȱoblongata. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱcerebellarȱhemispheresȱareȱseparatedȱbyȱaȱbandȱofȱcortexȱcalledȱthe A) flocculonodularȱlobe. B) arborȱvitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱwhiteȱmatterȱofȱtheȱcerebellumȱformsȱthe A) flocculonodularȱlobe. B) arborȱvitae. C) folia. D) vermis. E) pyramid. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱtractȱthatȱlinksȱtheȱcerebellumȱwithȱtheȱponsȱisȱthe A) superiorȱcerebellarȱpeduncle. B) inferiorȱcerebellarȱpeduncle. C) middleȱcerebellarȱpeduncle. D) longitudinalȱfibers. E) obverseȱfibers. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱmedullaȱoblongataȱrelaysȱauditoryȱinformationȱtoȱthe A) substantiaȱnigra. B) redȱnuclei. C) cerebralȱpeduncles. D) superiorȱcolliculi. E) inferiorȱcolliculi. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱregionsȱofȱtheȱmesencephalonȱthatȱissueȱsubconsciousȱmotorȱcommandsȱthatȱaffectȱupperȱlimbȱposition andȱbackgroundȱmuscleȱtoneȱareȱthe A) tecta. B) redȱnuclei. C) cerebralȱpeduncles. D) superiorȱcolliculi. E) inferiorȱcolliculi. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Nerveȱfiberȱbundlesȱonȱtheȱventrolateralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱmesencephalonȱareȱthe A) tegmenta. B) corporaȱquadrigemina. C) cerebralȱpeduncles. D) superiorȱcolliculi. E) inferiorȱcolliculi. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱpropertyȱofȱtheȱmamillaryȱbodies? A) controlȱreflexȱeatingȱmovements B) processȱolfactoryȱinformation C) locatedȱinȱposteriorȱhypothalamus D) shapedȱlikeȱlittleȱbreasts E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱreticularȱformationȱresultsȱin A) increasedȱconsciousness. B) sleep. C) coma. D) decreasedȱcerebralȱfunction. E) B,ȱC,ȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱthalamus? A) secreteȱcerebrospinalȱfluid B) secreteȱmelatonin C) processȱsensoryȱinformationȱandȱrelayȱitȱtoȱtheȱcerebrum D) storeȱmemories E) regulateȱfoodȱintake Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱ(are)ȱtrueȱofȱtheȱepithalamus? A) containsȱtheȱchoroidȱplexusȱandȱpinealȱgland B) formsȱtheȱroofȱofȱtheȱdiencephalon C) processesȱsensoryȱinformationȱandȱrelaysȱitȱtoȱtheȱcerebrum D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱanteriorȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱthalamus A) areȱpartȱofȱtheȱlimbicȱsystem. B) secreteȱpituitaryȱhormones. C) secreteȱmelatonin. D) receiveȱaxonȱcollateralsȱfromȱtheȱopticȱnerve. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱmedialȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱthalamus A) areȱpartȱofȱtheȱlimbicȱsystem. B) connectȱemotionalȱcentersȱinȱtheȱhypothalamusȱwithȱtheȱfrontalȱlobe. C) produceȱtheȱhormoneȱoxytocin. D) processȱvisualȱinformation. E) processȱolfactoryȱinformation. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱventralȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱthalamus A) receiveȱinputȱfromȱbasalȱganglia. B) receiveȱinputȱfromȱcerebellum. C) receiveȱgeneralȱsensoryȱinput. D) A,ȱBȱandȱC. E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱposteriorȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱthalamusȱincludeȱthe A) pulvinar. B) lateralȱgeniculate. C) medialȱgeniculate. D) A,ȱBȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Theȱopticȱtractsȱcarryȱvisualȱinformationȱfromȱtheȱretinaȱtoȱthe A) pulvinar. B) lateralȱgeniculates. C) medialȱgeniculates. D) supraopticȱnuclei. E) paraventricularȱnuclei. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱ________ȱrelayȱauditoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱauditoryȱcortex. A) pulvinar B) lateralȱgeniculates C) medialȱgeniculates D) supraopticȱnuclei E) paraventricularȱnuclei Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱ________ȱintegrate(s)ȱsensoryȱinformationȱforȱprojectionȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex. A) pulvinar B) lateralȱgeniculates C) medialȱgeniculates D) supraopticȱnuclei E) paraventricularȱnuclei Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱhypothalamus? A) producesȱADH B) controlsȱautonomicȱcenters C) regulatesȱbodyȱtemperature D) secretesȱoxytocin E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱmamillaryȱbodiesȱofȱtheȱhypothalamus A) regulateȱlactation. B) secreteȱoxytocin. C) controlȱfeedingȱreflexes. D) controlȱheartȱrateȱandȱbloodȱpressure. E) secreteȱantidiureticȱhormone. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱtectumȱofȱtheȱmesencephalonȱcontainsȱthe A) substantiaȱnigra. B) redȱnuclei. C) superiorȱandȱinferiorȱcolliculi. D) cerebralȱpeduncles. E) basalȱganglia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱ________ȱreceiveȱvisualȱinputȱfromȱtheȱlateralȱgeniculates. A) substantiaȱnigra B) redȱnuclei C) cerebralȱpeduncles D) superiorȱcolliculi E) inferiorȱcolliculi Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱlimbicȱsystem? A) amygdaloidȱbody B) cingulateȱgyrus C) globusȱpallidus D) hippocampus E) fornix Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱtheȱlimbicȱsystem? A) containsȱcerebralȱandȱdiencephalicȱcomponents B) functionsȱinȱmaintainingȱhomeostasisȱinȱcoldȱweather C) locatedȱbetweenȱtheȱborderȱofȱtheȱcerebrumȱandȱdiencephalon D) linksȱconsciousȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱwithȱunconsciousȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱbrainȱstem E) functionsȱinȱemotions,ȱlearning,ȱandȱmemory Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱ________ȱisȱimportantȱinȱstorageȱandȱrecallȱofȱnewȱlong -termȱmemories. A) amygdaloidȱbody B) cingulateȱgyrus C) mamillaryȱbodies D) hippocampus E) fornix Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Aȱtractȱofȱwhiteȱmatterȱthatȱconnectsȱtheȱhippocampusȱwithȱtheȱhypothalamusȱisȱthe A) amygdaloidȱbody. B) cingulateȱgyrus. C) mamillaryȱbodies. D) hippocampus. E) fornix. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱtwoȱcerebralȱhemispheresȱareȱseparatedȱbyȱthe A) longitudinalȱfissure. B) centralȱsulcus. C) transverseȱfissure. D) parieto-occipitalȱsulcus. E) postcentralȱsulcus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Divisionsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱhemispheresȱthatȱareȱnamedȱafterȱtheȱoverlyingȱskullȱbonesȱare A) fissures. B) sinuses. C) lobes. D) sulci. E) gyri. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Theȱcerebralȱareaȱposteriorȱtoȱtheȱcentralȱsulcusȱisȱthe A) parietalȱlobe. B) temporalȱlobe. C) frontalȱlobe. D) occipitalȱlobe. E) insula. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Theȱsuperiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱtemporalȱlobeȱisȱmarkedȱbyȱthe A) insula. B) longitudinalȱfissure. C) centralȱsulcus. D) lateralȱsulcus. E) parieto-occipitalȱsulcus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱlateralȱsulcusȱisȱthe A) parietalȱlobe. B) temporalȱlobe. C) frontalȱlobe. D) occipitalȱlobe. E) AȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱthatȱisȱmedialȱandȱdeepȱtoȱtheȱtemporalȱlobeȱisȱthe A) parietalȱlobe. B) temporalȱlobe. C) frontalȱlobe. D) occipitalȱlobe. E) insula. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortexȱisȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱthe A) insula. B) precentralȱgyrus. C) postcentralȱgyrus. D) arcuateȱgyrus. E) corpusȱcallosum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱpostcentralȱgyrusȱcontainsȱtheȱ________ȱcortex. A) primaryȱsensory B) primaryȱmotor C) visual D) olfactory E) auditory Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱvisualȱcortexȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) frontalȱlobe. B) parietalȱlobe. C) temporalȱlobe. D) occipitalȱlobe. E) insula. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Theȱauditoryȱcortexȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) frontalȱlobe. B) parietalȱlobe. C) temporalȱlobe. D) occipitalȱlobe. E) insula. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Corticalȱregionsȱthatȱinterpretȱsensoryȱinformationȱorȱcoordinateȱmotorȱresponsesȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱareas. A) commissural B) sensory C) association D) somesthetic E) processing Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱbrainȱresponsibleȱforȱpredictingȱtheȱconsequenceȱofȱeventsȱorȱactionsȱisȱthe A) prefrontalȱcerebralȱcortex. B) occipitalȱassociationȱcortex. C) reticularȱformation. D) temporalȱlobe. E) cerebralȱganglia. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱsenseȱofȱtasteȱprojectsȱtoȱtheȱgustatoryȱcortexȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱandȱ________. A) insula;ȱparietalȱlobe B) frontalȱlobe;ȱtemporalȱlobe C) insula;ȱfrontalȱlobe D) precentralȱgyrus;ȱprefrontalȱcortex. E) corpusȱcallosum;ȱfornix Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱcorpusȱcallosumȱisȱcomposedȱof A) arcuateȱfibers. B) longitudinalȱfasciculi. C) associationȱfibers. D) commissuralȱfibers. E) projectionȱfibers. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Theȱinternalȱcapsuleȱofȱtheȱcerebrumȱisȱcomposedȱof A) arcuateȱfibers. B) longitudinalȱfasciculi. C) associationȱfibers. D) commissuralȱfibers. E) projectionȱfibers. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Withinȱeachȱhemisphere,ȱdeepȱtoȱtheȱfloorȱofȱtheȱlateralȱventricle,ȱyouȱwillȱfindȱthe A) anteriorȱcommissures. B) basalȱnuclei. C) motorȱassociationȱareas. D) visualȱcortex. E) auditoryȱcortex. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱbasalȱnuclei? A) caudateȱnucleus B) globusȱpallidus C) putamen D) hippocampus E) amygdaloidȱbody Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱ________ȱisȱlocatedȱatȱtheȱtipȱofȱtheȱtailȱofȱtheȱcaudateȱnucleus. A) amygdaloidȱbody B) claustrum C) putamen D) globusȱpallidus E) corpusȱstriatum Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Theȱputamenȱandȱglobusȱpallidusȱareȱfrequentlyȱconsideredȱtoȱbeȱsubdivisionsȱofȱthe A) caudateȱnucleus. B) claustrum. C) lentiformȱnucleus. D) corpusȱstriatum. E) limbicȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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71) Theȱcardiovascularȱreflexesȱareȱbasedȱinȱthe A) cerebrum. B) mesencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medullaȱoblongata. E) spinalȱcord. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱhighestȱlevelsȱofȱinformationȱprocessingȱoccurȱinȱthe A) cerebrum. B) diencephalon. C) cerebellum. D) medullaȱoblongata. E) corpusȱcallosum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Higher-orderȱfunctions A) canȱbeȱadjustedȱoverȱtimeȱbasedȱonȱexperience. B) involveȱcomplexȱinteractionsȱamongȱareasȱofȱtheȱcortex. C) combineȱbothȱconsciousȱandȱunconsciousȱinformationȱprocessing. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Theȱbasalȱnuclei A) planȱandȱcoordinateȱvoluntaryȱmuscleȱactivity. B) provideȱtheȱgeneralȱpatternȱandȱrhythmȱforȱmovementsȱsuchȱasȱwalking. C) coordinateȱsensoryȱinformation. D) controlȱtheȱsecretionsȱofȱtheȱpituitaryȱgland. E) controlȱrespirationȱandȱbloodȱpressure. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Theȱadultȱhumanȱbrainȱcontainsȱalmostȱ________ȱofȱtheȱbodyȇsȱneuralȱtissue. A) 15ȱpercent B) 25ȱpercent C) 68ȱpercent D) 97ȱpercent E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) Maleȱbrainsȱareȱtypicallyȱ________ȱcomparedȱtoȱfemaleȱbrains. A) larger B) smaller C) theȱsameȱsize D) veryȱsmooth E) moreȱconvoluted Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱmedullaȱoblongataȱregulates A) bloodȱpressure. B) foodȱintake. C) respiration. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) Theȱ________ȱfiltersȱandȱrelaysȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱcerebralȱcortex. A) cerebrum B) thalamus C) pons D) medullaȱoblongata E) cerebellum Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Duringȱembryonicȱdevelopment,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsecondaryȱbrainȱvesiclesȱwillȱformȱtheȱcerebrum? A) telencephalon B) diencephalon C) mesencephalon D) metencephalon E) myelencephalon Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Specializedȱ________ȱcellsȱformȱtheȱsecretoryȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱchoroidȱplexus. A) epididymal B) ependymal C) appended D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Asȱyouȱascendȱfromȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱtoȱtheȱcerebrum,ȱtheȱfunctionsȱofȱeachȱsuccessiveȱlevelȱbecome A) moreȱcomplex. B) simpler. C) betterȱunderstood. D) lessȱcrucialȱtoȱvisceralȱfunctions. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

82) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhelpȱtoȱprotectȱtheȱbrain? A) theȱblood-brainȱbarrier B) theȱbonesȱofȱtheȱskull C) theȱcranialȱmeninges D) theȱCSF E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Ependymalȱcellsȱworkȱto A) surroundȱtheȱcapillariesȱofȱtheȱchoroidȱplexus. B) secreteȱCSFȱintoȱtheȱventricles. C) removeȱwasteȱproductsȱfromȱCSF. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) TheȱchoroidȱplexusȱproducesȱCSFȱatȱaȱrateȱofȱabout A) 500ȱmL/dayȱ. B) 250ȱmL/day. C) 50ȱmL/day. D) 1000ȱmL/day. E) 150ȱmL/day Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) AsȱCSFȱcirculates,ȱ________ȱbetweenȱitȱandȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱofȱtheȱCNSȱisȱunrestrictedȱbetweenȱandȱacross theȱependyma. A) osmosis B) perfusion C) diffusion D) convection E) conduction Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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86) TheȱcellsȱthatȱcoverȱtheȱouterȱsurfacesȱofȱCNSȱendothelialȱcellsȱareȱthe A) blastocytes. B) astrocytes. C) monocytes. D) leukocytes. E) lymphocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) WhichȱantibioticȱentersȱtheȱCNSȱwithoutȱdifficultyȱbecauseȱitȱeasilyȱcrossesȱtheȱblood-brainȱbarrier? A) tetracycline B) doxycycline C) sulfadiazine D) periostat E) actisite Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Theȱrespiratoryȱrhythmicityȱcenterȱisȱlocatedȱin A) theȱpons. B) theȱcerebrum. C) theȱmedullaȱoblongata. D) theȱcerebellum. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Theȱcerebellumȱcanȱbeȱpermanentlyȱdamagedȱbyȱstrokeȱorȱtemporarilyȱaffectedȱbyȱdrugsȱorȱalcohol.ȱThe resultingȱdisturbanceȱinȱmotorȱcontrolȱisȱknownȱas A) ataxia. B) aphasia. C) dysphagia. D) AȱorȱC E) BȱorȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Damageȱtoȱtheȱsubstantiaȱnigraȱcausesȱaȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱneurotransmitterȱdopamine.ȱThisȱcausesȱaȱgradual, generalizedȱincreaseȱinȱmuscleȱtone,ȱwhichȱisȱtheȱmainȱsymptomȱof A) Parkinsonȱdisease. B) rabies. C) Alzheimerȱdisease. D) myastheniaȱgravis. E) tetanus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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91) ________ȱcentersȱreceiveȱinformationȱfromȱmanyȱassociationȱareasȱandȱdirectȱextremelyȱcomplexȱmotor activitiesȱsuchȱasȱspeech. A) Frontal B) Integrative C) Communication D) Terminal E) Vocal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) YouȱsuspectȱyourȱfriendȱhasȱdamageȱtoȱcranialȱnerveȱIȱwhenȱheȱisȱunableȱto A) smellȱhisȱfood. B) smile. C) blinkȱhisȱeyes. D) nodȱhisȱhead. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

93) ________ȱisȱaȱconditionȱresultingȱfromȱanȱinflammationȱofȱaȱfacialȱnerve. A) Cerebralȱpalsy B) Bellȱpalsy C) Addisonȱdisease D) anyȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱorȱB Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) ________ȱisȱaȱdisorderȱaffectingȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱspeakȱorȱread. A) Aphasia B) Ataxia C) Apraxia D) Bellȱpalsy E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

95) ________ȱisȱaȱtemporaryȱcerebralȱdisorderȱaccompaniedȱbyȱabnormalȱmovements,ȱunusualȱsensations,ȱand/or inappropriateȱbehavior. A) Dyslexia B) Apraxia C) Aphasia D) Parkinsonȱdisease E) Aȱseizure Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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96) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱprintedȱrecordȱofȱtheȱbrainȇsȱelectricalȱactivityȱoverȱaȱperiodȱofȱtime. A) electrocardiogram B) electroencephalogram C) x-ray D) MRI E) CTȱscan Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Theȱonlyȱsensationȱthatȱisȱreceivedȱdirectlyȱbyȱtheȱcerebrumȱis A) olfaction. B) gustation. C) hearing. D) vision. E) dizziness. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Theȱcontrolȱofȱheartȱrateȱandȱbloodȱpressureȱisȱbasedȱinȱthe A) cerebrum. B) cerebellum. C) diencephalon. D) medullaȱoblongata. E) heart. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Whichȱofȱtheseȱduralȱfoldsȱisȱmismatched withȱitsȱlocation? A) falxȱcerebri;ȱtransverseȱfissure B) tentoriumȱcerebelli;ȱcoveringȱcerebellum C) falxȱcerebelli;ȱbetweenȱcerebellarȱhemispheres D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) Noneȱareȱmismatched. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱmeningesȱthatȱcloselyȱfollowsȱeveryȱgyrusȱandȱsulcusȱisȱthe A) piaȱmater. B) duraȱmater. C) arachnoidȱmembrane. D) neuralȱcortex. E) subarachnoidȱmater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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101) Damageȱtoȱtheȱcorporaȱquadrigeminaȱwouldȱinterfereȱwith A) controlȱofȱautonomicȱfunction. B) regulationȱofȱbodyȱtemperature. C) visualȱandȱauditoryȱreflexȱmovementsȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneck. D) consciousȱcontrolȱofȱskeletalȱmuscles. E) controlȱofȱbreathing. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Ifȱtheȱcorpusȱcallosumȱisȱsurgicallyȱcut, A) theȱtwoȱcerebralȱhemispheresȱoperateȱindependently. B) symptomsȱofȱtheȱȈdisconnectionȱsyndromeȈȱappear. C) objectsȱtouchedȱbyȱtheȱleftȱhandȱcanȱbeȱrecognizedȱbutȱnotȱverballyȱidentified. D) consciousȱdecisionsȱareȱmadeȱwithoutȱregardȱtoȱsensationsȱfromȱtheȱleftȱside. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Aȱpersonȱwithȱaȱdamagedȱvisualȱassociationȱareaȱmayȱbe A) unableȱtoȱseeȱrowsȱofȱletters. B) declaredȱlegallyȱblind. C) unableȱtoȱrecognizeȱlettersȱbutȱableȱtoȱidentifyȱwholeȱwordsȱandȱtheirȱmeanings. D) ableȱtoȱseeȱlettersȱbutȱunableȱtoȱassociateȱthemȱintoȱwords. E) unableȱtoȱunderstandȱspokenȱwords. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Thereȱareȱ________ȱpairsȱofȱcranialȱnerves. A) 2 B) 6 C) 12 D) 22 E) 31 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Droopyȱeyelidsȱandȱdoubleȱvisionȱcanȱresultȱfromȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱnerve. A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) olfactory E) abducens Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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106) Theȱcranialȱnervesȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱeyeȱmusclesȱare A) I,ȱII,ȱandȱIII. B) III,ȱIV,ȱandȱVI. C) II,ȱIII,ȱandȱIV. D) IIȱandȱVI. E) IIIȱandȱV. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Theȱcranialȱnerveȱthatȱhasȱthreeȱmajorȱbranchesȱisȱthe A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Sensoryȱinnervationȱofȱtheȱlowerȱteethȱandȱgumsȱisȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱnerve. A) ophthalmicȱbranchȱofȱtheȱtrigeminal B) maxillaryȱbranchȱofȱtheȱtrigeminal C) mandibularȱbranchȱofȱtheȱtrigeminal D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Gustatoryȱinformationȱreachesȱtheȱbrainȱbyȱwayȱof A) cranialȱnerveȱI B) cranialȱnerveȱII C) cranialȱnerveȱX D) cranialȱnerveȱIV E) cranialȱnerveȱIX Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

110) Difficultyȱinȱswallowingȱmayȱbeȱaȱsignȱofȱdamageȱtoȱwhichȱcranialȱnerve(s)? A) vagus B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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111) Aȱreflexȱthatȱisȱusedȱtoȱassessȱtheȱsensoryȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱtrigeminalȱnerveȱisȱtheȱ________ȱreflex. A) corneal B) tympanic C) auditory D) vestibulo-ocular E) consensual Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Theȱtympanicȱreflex A) producesȱrapidȱblinkingȱwhenȱsomethingȱcomesȱintoȱcontactȱwithȱtheȱcornea. B) restrictsȱtheȱmovementȱofȱauditoryȱossicles. C) triggersȱaȱblinkȱinȱresponseȱtoȱsuddenȱnoises. D) causesȱtheȱeyesȱtoȱmoveȱinȱtheȱoppositeȱdirectionȱofȱaȱrotationalȱmovementȱofȱtheȱhead. E) causesȱtheȱpupilȱofȱtheȱeyeȱtoȱconstrictȱwhenȱsubjectedȱtoȱaȱbrightȱlight. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Integrativeȱcentersȱconcernedȱwithȱtheȱperformanceȱofȱcomplexȱprocessesȱareȱrestrictedȱtoȱeitherȱtheȱleftȱorȱthe rightȱhemisphere.ȱTheseȱcomplexȱprocessesȱinclude A) speech. B) writing. C) mathematicalȱcomputation. D) understandingȱspatialȱrelationships. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

114) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpyramidalȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱwouldȱdirectlyȱaffect A) perceptionȱofȱpain. B) sight. C) voluntaryȱmotorȱactivity. D) hearing. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpremotorȱcortexȱofȱtheȱfrontalȱlobeȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱabilityȱto A) understandȱwrittenȱwords. B) understandȱspokenȱwords. C) understandȱvisualȱimages. D) playȱtheȱpiano. E) senseȱtheȱtextureȱofȱvelvet. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) Excitationȱofȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱwouldȱleadȱto A) increasedȱmuscleȱtone. B) lossȱofȱconsciousness. C) inabilityȱtoȱsenseȱpain. D) sexualȱarousal. E) involuntaryȱspeechȱproduction. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) Ticȱdouloureuxȱis A) aȱdisorderȱofȱtheȱmaxillaryȱandȱmandibularȱbranchesȱofȱnerveȱV. B) characterizedȱbyȱalmostȱtotallyȱdebilitatingȱpain. C) triggeredȱbyȱcontactȱwithȱtheȱlip,ȱtongue,ȱorȱgums. D) alsoȱcalledȱtrigeminalȱneuralgia. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

118) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpreopticȱareaȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱleadsȱtoȱwhichȱproblem? A) anȱintenseȱthirst B) anȱuncontrolledȱsexȱdrive C) reducedȱabilityȱtoȱregulateȱbodyȱtemperature D) anȱinsatiableȱappetite E) productionȱofȱaȱlargeȱvolumeȱofȱurine Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) Theȱreflexȱmovementȱofȱtheȱheadȱtowardȱaȱloudȱnoiseȱisȱdirectedȱbyȱtheȱmesencephalon.ȱWhichȱnuclei accomplishȱthis? A) substantiaȱnigra B) redȱnuclei C) tectum D) superiorȱcolliculi E) inferiorȱcolliculiȱȱ Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

120) Damageȱtoȱtheȱsuperiorȱcolliculiȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱreflexȱabilityȱto A) expressȱrage. B) voluntarilyȱmoveȱtheȱarm. C) reactȱtoȱaȱbrightȱlight. D) reactȱtoȱloudȱnoises. E) maintainȱproperȱposture. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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121) Parkinsonȱdiseaseȱisȱtheȱresultȱof A) inadequateȱproductionȱofȱGABAȱbyȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱbasalȱnuclei. B) decreasedȱlevelsȱofȱacetylcholineȱfromȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱsubstantiaȱnigra. C) inadequateȱproductionȱofȱdopamineȱbyȱsubstantiaȱnigraȱneurons. D) hyperactivityȱofȱtheȱlimbicȱsystem. E) weakȱresponseȱofȱtheȱredȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱmesencephalon. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Theȱpresenceȱofȱmanyȱlarge,ȱhighly-branchedȱPurkinjeȱcellsȱinȱaȱsampleȱofȱbrainȱtissueȱindicatesȱthatȱitȱcame fromȱthe A) pons. B) medulla. C) cerebralȱcortex. D) cerebellarȱcortex. E) arborȱvitae. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) Olfactoryȱreceptorsȱsendȱaxonsȱthroughȱtheȱcribriformȱplateȱandȱsynapseȱonȱneuronsȱinȱthe A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) cerebralȱcortex. D) olfactoryȱbulb. E) olfactoryȱtract. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

124) HydrocephalusȱorȱȈwaterȱonȱtheȱbrainȈȱmay A) resultȱfromȱdeficientȱproductionȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. B) resultȱfromȱexcessiveȱproductionȱofȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. C) resultȱfromȱblockageȱofȱcirculationȱofȱCSF. D) resultȱfromȱexcessiveȱwaterȱintake. E) BȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

125) Aȱpatientȱdevelopsȱaȱtumorȱofȱaȱcranialȱnerveȱthatȱleadsȱtoȱdifficultyȱinȱspeakingȱfromȱaȱlossȱofȱtongue movement.ȱWhichȱcranialȱnerveȱisȱaffected? A) glossopharyngeal B) hypoglossal C) vagus D) spinalȱaccessory E) trigeminal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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126) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsymptomsȱwouldȱyouȱassociateȱwithȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱspinalȱaccessoryȱnerve? A) lossȱofȱtheȱsenseȱofȱtaste B) toothȱpain C) weaknessȱofȱtheȱsternocleidomastoidȱmuscle D) lackȱofȱfacialȱexpression E) dryȱmouthȱfromȱlackȱofȱsaliva Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

127) Afterȱsufferingȱaȱstroke,ȱMaryȱfindsȱthatȱsheȱcannotȱmoveȱherȱrightȱarm.ȱThisȱwouldȱsuggestȱthatȱtheȱstroke damageȱisȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱ________ȱlobe. A) rightȱfrontal B) leftȱfrontal C) rightȱtemporal D) leftȱtemporal E) occipital Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

128) Atȱtheȱopticȱchiasm A) axonsȱfromȱtheȱnasalȱhalvesȱofȱeachȱretinaȱcross. B) axonsȱfromȱtheȱtemporalȱhalvesȱofȱeachȱretinaȱcross. C) axonsȱfromȱtheȱretinaeȱsynapseȱonȱthoseȱfromȱtheȱotherȱhalf. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

129) Joeȱbeginsȱtoȱexperienceȱmoodȱswingsȱandȱdisturbedȱthirstȱandȱhunger.ȱImagingȱstudiesȱindicateȱthatȱaȱbrain tumorȱisȱtheȱlikelyȱcauseȱofȱtheseȱdisorders.ȱInȱwhatȱpartȱofȱtheȱbrainȱisȱtheȱtumorȱmostȱlikelyȱlocated? A) prefrontalȱcortex B) postcentralȱgyrus C) basalȱnuclei D) hypothalamus E) reticularȱformation Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

130) Afterȱsufferingȱaȱblowȱtoȱtheȱbackȱofȱtheȱhead,ȱPhilȱlosesȱhisȱvision.ȱTheȱblowȱprobablyȱcausedȱdamageȱtoȱthe A) prefrontalȱcortex. B) postcentralȱgyrus. C) cerebralȱnuclei. D) limbicȱsystem. E) occipitalȱlobe. Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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131) Theȱgeneralȱinterpretiveȱarea A) isȱtheȱspeechȱcenterȱofȱtheȱbrain. B) isȱresponsibleȱforȱpredictingȱfutureȱconsequences. C) isȱtheȱsiteȱofȱlong-termȱmemoryȱstorage. D) allowsȱusȱtoȱinterpretȱwhatȱisȱreadȱorȱheard. E) mayȱbeȱdamagedȱbyȱevenȱaȱsmallȱstroke. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

132) Difficultiesȱinȱestimatingȱtemporalȱrelationshipsȱbetweenȱeventsȱmayȱstemȱfromȱdamageȱto A) theȱprefrontalȱcortex. B) theȱgeneralȱinterpretiveȱarea. C) Brocaȇsȱarea. D) Wernickeȇsȱarea. E) theȱtemporalȱlobe. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

133) Examinationȱofȱaȱtissueȱsampleȱfromȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱrevealsȱmanyȱdarklyȱpigmentedȱcells.ȱThis tissueȱprobablyȱcameȱfromȱthe A) nucleusȱgracilis. B) nucleusȱcuneatus. C) motorȱcortex. D) substantiaȱnigra. E) redȱnucleus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

134) Theȱbrainȱrequiresȱaȱsubstantialȱbloodȱsupply.ȱTheȱvesselsȱthatȱdeliverȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱareȱthe A) internalȱcarotidȱarteries. B) vertebralȱarteries. C) jugularȱveins. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

135) Whichȱsensation(s)ȱdoesȱtheȱvestibulocochlearȱnerveȱcarry? A) hearing B) equilbrium C) atmosphericȱpressure D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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136) Increasedȱproductionȱandȱreleaseȱofȱacetylcholineȱbyȱtheȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱnucleiȱwouldȱresultȱin A) flaccidȱparalysis. B) spastic,ȱuncontrolledȱmuscleȱcontractions. C) decreasedȱactivityȱofȱupperȱmotorȱneurons. D) fewerȱactionȱpotentialsȱalongȱtheȱcorticospinalȱtracts. E) muscularȱatrophy. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

137) Terryȱsuffersȱfromȱdissociationȱofȱmemoriesȱfromȱtheirȱemotionalȱcontentȱasȱtheȱresultȱofȱanȱautomobile accident.ȱWhatȱsystemȱofȱtheȱbrainȱisȱprobablyȱdamaged? A) theȱprefrontalȱlobe B) theȱgeneralȱinterpretiveȱarea C) theȱlimbicȱsystem D) theȱthalamus E) theȱputamen Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

138) WhichȱofȱtheȱcranialȱnervesȱisȱnamedȱforȱtheȱfactȱthatȱitȱȈwanders,Ȉȱthatȱis,ȱinnervatesȱstructuresȱthroughoutȱthe thoraxȱandȱabdomen? A) VIII B) IX C) X D) XI E) XII Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

139) Bobȱisȱstruckȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱisȱknockedȱunconscious.ȱWhenȱheȱrecoversȱconsciousness,ȱheȱcan hearȱindividualȱwordsȱbutȱcannotȱunderstandȱtheȱmeaningȱofȱphrasesȱorȱsentences.ȱThisȱimpliesȱdamageȱtoȱhis A) vestibulocochlearȱnerve. B) generalȱinterpretiveȱarea. C) speechȱcenter. D) prefrontalȱlobe. E) temporalȱlobe. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

140) Janeȱsuffersȱfromȱchronicȱseizuresȱandȱinȱorderȱtoȱcontrolȱtheȱproblemȱundergoesȱsurgeryȱinȱwhichȱtheȱfibersȱof theȱcorpusȱcallosumȱareȱcut.ȱAsȱaȱresultȱofȱthisȱsurgeryȱsheȱwouldȱlikelyȱbeȱunableȱto A) speak. B) moveȱherȱleftȱarm. C) verballyȱidentifyȱanȱobjectȱplacedȱinȱherȱleftȱhand. D) recognizeȱwrittenȱwords. E) touchȱherȱnoseȱwithȱherȱeyesȱclosed. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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141) Jeanȱneedsȱtoȱhaveȱaȱtoothȱinȱherȱmandibleȱfilled.ȱHerȱdentistȱinjectsȱaȱlocalȱanestheticȱtoȱblockȱpainȱafferentsȱin oneȱofȱherȱcranialȱnerves.ȱWhatȱcranialȱnerveȱdoesȱtheȱdentistȱnumb? A) trochlear B) trigeminal C) facial D) glossopharyngeal E) hypoglossal Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ14- 1ȱTheȱCirculationȱofȱCerebrospinalȱFluid UseȱFigureȱ14- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 142) WhatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2Ȉ? Pageȱ367 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

A) cerebrospinalȱfluid B) neurotransmitters C) whiteȱmatter D) hormones E) BȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

143) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) arborȱvitae B) corporaȱquadrigemina C) aqueductȱofȱmidbrain D) pons E) diencephalon Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

144) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ10.Ȉ A) arborȱvitae B) centralȱcanal C) corpusȱcallosum D) pons E) diencephalon Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

145) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) piaȱmater B) duraȱmater C) corpusȱcallosum D) ventricles E) arachnoidȱgranulation Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

146) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) duraȱmater B) lateralȱventricle C) fourthȱventricle D) subarachnoidȱspace E) filumȱterminale Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ14- 2ȱCranialȱNerves UseȱFigureȱ14- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 147) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) auditory E) eyeȱmovement Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

148) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱnerveȱlabeledȱȈ10Ȉ? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) auditory E) eyeȱmovement Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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149) IdentifyȱtheȱnerveȱlabeledȱȈ11.Ȉ A) oculomotor B) trigeminal C) trochlear D) abducens E) optic Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

150) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱnerveȱlabeledȱȈ5Ȉ? A) movementȱofȱtheȱtongue B) facialȱexpression C) vision D) taste E) visceralȱsensationȱandȱmotorȱcontrol Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

151) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱnerveȱlabeledȱȈ4Ȉ? A) vision B) olfaction C) taste D) hearingȱandȱbalance E) eyeȱmovement Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) ________ȱareȱchambersȱwithinȱtheȱbrainȱthatȱcontainȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. Answer: Ventricles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱfoldsȱofȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱcerebellumȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: folia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) UnfocusedȱȈimpressionsȈȱsuchȱasȱthirstȱoriginatingȱinȱtheȱhypothalamusȱareȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: drives Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱ________ȱwithinȱtheȱhypothalamusȱproducesȱtheȱsensationȱofȱhunger. Answer: feedingȱcenter Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱ________,ȱaȱnarrowȱstalk,ȱconnectsȱtheȱhypothalamusȱtoȱtheȱpituitaryȱgland. Answer: infundibulum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱ________ȱconnectȱtheȱfrontalȱlobeȱtoȱtheȱotherȱlobesȱofȱtheȱsameȱhemisphere. Answer: longitudinalȱfasciculi Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Twoȱlargeȱvenousȱsinuses,ȱtheȱsagittalȱsinuses,ȱlieȱwithinȱaȱduralȱfoldȱcalledȱtheȱȱ________. Answer: falxȱcerebri Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Inȱmostȱcases,ȱtheȱgeneralȱinterpretiveȱcenterȱandȱtheȱspeechȱcenterȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱcerebral hemisphere. Answer: left Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱhemisphereȱofȱtheȱbrainȱthatȱperformsȱanalyticalȱtasksȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱhemisphere. Answer: dominant Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Aȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱdifficultyȱcomprehendingȱandȱusingȱwrittenȱlanguageȱsuffersȱfromȱtheȱdisorderȱknownȱas ________. Answer: dyslexia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Corticalȱregionsȱthatȱinterpretȱsensoryȱinformationȱorȱcoordinateȱmotorȱresponsesȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱareas. Answer: association Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

12) Cardiovascularȱcentersȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱadjustȱtheȱheartȱrate,ȱtheȱstrengthȱofȱcardiacȱcontractions,ȱand theȱflowȱofȱbloodȱthroughȱtheȱperipheralȱtissues. Answer: medullaȱoblongata Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) ________ȱisȱtheȱtermȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱtheȱcrossingȱoverȱofȱaȱtractȱtoȱtheȱsideȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱoppositeȱto whereȱtheȱaxonsȱoriginated. Answer: Decussation Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Corticalȱregionsȱthatȱinterpretȱsensoryȱinformationȱorȱcoordinateȱmotorȱresponsesȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱareas. Answer: association Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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15) Theȱwhiteȱmatterȱofȱtheȱcerebellumȱformsȱaȱbranchingȱarrayȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: arborȱvitae Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱmesencephalonȱcontainsȱtheȱheadquartersȱofȱtheȱ________,ȱaȱspecializedȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱreticular formationȱthatȱcontrolsȱalertnessȱandȱattention. Answer: reticularȱactivatingȱsystem Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Researchȱhasȱshownȱthatȱthereȱisȱaȱstrongȱcorrelationȱbetweenȱbrainȱsizeȱandȱintelligence. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱlentiformȱnucleusȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱglobusȱpallidusȱandȱtheȱputamen. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱbasalȱnucleiȱalterȱtheȱmotorȱcommandsȱissuedȱbyȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱthroughȱfeedback. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱconcentrationsȱofȱsodium,ȱpotassium,ȱcalcium,ȱandȱmagnesiumȱionsȱinȱtheȱbloodȱandȱCSFȱareȱtheȱsame. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Duringȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱ20thȱcentury,ȱaȱdrasticȱprocedureȱtermedȱprefrontalȱlobotomyȱwasȱusedȱtoȱtreatȱa varietyȱofȱmentalȱillnesses. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱrightȱhemisphereȱisȱusuallyȱtheȱdominantȱhemisphere. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

7) Anotherȱtermȱforȱtrigeminalȱneuralgiaȱisȱticȱdouloureux. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Epilepticȱseizuresȱthatȱresistȱdrugȱtreatmentȱareȱsometimesȱtreatedȱbyȱsurgicallyȱcuttingȱthroughȱtheȱcorpus callosum. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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9) Mostȱcranialȱreflexesȱareȱmonosynaptic. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

EssayȱQuestions 1) Bellȱpalsyȱisȱcausedȱbyȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱfacialȱnerveȱ(VII).ȱWhatȱsignsȱandȱsymptomsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱin thisȱcondition?ȱIsȱitȱpermanent? Answer: PatientsȱsufferingȱfromȱBellȱpalsyȱusuallyȱexperienceȱparalysisȱofȱtheȱfacialȱmusclesȱonȱtheȱaffectedȱside alongȱwithȱaȱlossȱofȱsensationȱfromȱtheȱanteriorȱtwo -thirdsȱofȱtheȱtongue.ȱPainȱisȱrareȱandȱtheȱcondition usuallyȱresolvesȱwithoutȱspecificȱtreatment. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whyȱisȱinjuryȱtoȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱfrequentlyȱfatal? Answer: Thisȱregionȱofȱtheȱbrainȱcontainsȱtheȱcentersȱforȱregulatingȱtheȱcardiovascularȱsystemȱandȱinitiating respiration,ȱbothȱvitalȱtoȱlife.ȱInȱaddition,ȱmostȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱtractsȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱmedulla oblongataȱbetweenȱhigherȱandȱlowerȱcentersȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Aȱpatientȱdevelopsȱaȱclotȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱbloodȱsupplyȱtoȱtheȱrightȱcerebralȱhemisphere.ȱWhatȱsignsȱand symptomsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱthisȱblockage? Answer: Becauseȱtheȱrightȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortexȱcontrolsȱtheȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody,ȱyouȱwould expectȱleft-sidedȱparalysisȱwhoseȱextentȱandȱseverityȱwillȱdependȱonȱtheȱextentȱofȱbrainȱinjury.ȱSimilarly, theȱpatientȱwillȱexperienceȱsomaticȱsensoryȱlossȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody.ȱHigher-orderȱfunctionsȱsuch asȱmemory,ȱplanning,ȱspatialȱorientation,ȱandȱemotionalȱcontrolȱcouldȱbeȱdamagedȱbutȱmanyȱlanguage skillsȱwouldȱbeȱspared. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ15 NeuralȱIntegrationȱI:ȱSensoryȱPathwaysȱandȱtheȱSomaticȱNervousȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱtermȱgeneralȱsensesȱrefersȱtoȱsensitivityȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) temperature. B) taste. C) touch. D) vibration. E) pain. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱspecialȱsenses? A) hearing B) smell C) taste D) vibration E) vision Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱgeneralȱsenses A) involveȱreceptorsȱthatȱareȱrelativelyȱsimpleȱinȱstructure. B) areȱlocatedȱinȱspecializedȱstructuresȱcalledȱsenseȱorgans. C) areȱlocalizedȱtoȱspecificȱareasȱofȱtheȱbody. D) cannotȱgenerateȱactionȱpotentials. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcanȱcontributeȱtoȱreceptorȱspecificity? A) theȱstructureȱofȱtheȱreceptorȱcell B) characteristicsȱofȱtheȱreceptorȱcellȱmembrane C) accessoryȱcellsȱthatȱfunctionȱwithȱtheȱreceptor D) accessoryȱstructuresȱandȱtissuesȱthatȱshieldȱtheȱreceptorsȱfromȱotherȱstimuli E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Sensoryȱtransductionȱcanȱinvolveȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) aȱstimulusȱalteringȱtheȱpermeabilityȱofȱaȱreceptorȱmembrane B) changeȱinȱtheȱflowȱofȱionsȱacrossȱtheȱsensoryȱmembrane C) theȱproductionȱofȱaȱreceptorȱpotential D) inhibitionȱofȱneurotransmitterȱrelease E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Centralȱadaptationȱrefersȱto A) theȱdeclineȱinȱactivityȱofȱperipheralȱreceptorsȱwhenȱstimulated. B) aȱcharacteristicȱofȱphasicȱreceptors. C) inhibitionȱofȱnucleiȱlocatedȱalongȱaȱsensoryȱpathway. D) increasesȱinȱconsciousȱperceptionȱofȱaȱsensoryȱstimulus. E) aȱchangeȱinȱmotorȱreceptivityȱofȱaȱneuron. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Ourȱperceptionȱofȱourȱenvironmentȱisȱimperfectȱforȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱreasons,ȱ exceptȱthat A) humansȱlackȱreceptorsȱforȱeveryȱpossibleȱstimulus. B) receptorsȱrespondȱinȱanȱall-or-nothingȱmanner. C) notȱallȱsensationsȱleadȱtoȱaȱperception. D) abnormalȱreceptorȱfunctionȱcanȱproduceȱsensationsȱthatȱhaveȱnoȱbasisȱinȱfact. E) ourȱreceptorsȱhaveȱlimitedȱsensitivity. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱsometimesȱcalledȱȈpricklingȱpainȈ? A) mechanicalȱdamage B) chemicals C) extremesȱofȱtemperature D) fastȱpain E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Endorphinsȱcanȱreduceȱperceptionȱofȱsensationsȱinitiatedȱby A) nociceptors. B) mechanoreceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) chemoreceptors. E) proprioceptors. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Thermoreceptors A) areȱfoundȱwithinȱtheȱdermis. B) areȱfreeȱnerveȱendings. C) forȱȈcoldȈȱareȱstructurallyȱindistinguishableȱfromȱthoseȱforȱȈwarm.Ȉ D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Aȱreceptorȱthatȱcontainsȱmanyȱmechanicallyȱgatedȱionȱchannelsȱwouldȱfunctionȱbestȱasȱa A) tactileȱreceptor. B) chemoreceptor. C) nociceptor. D) thermoreceptor. E) lightȱreceptor. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Aȱfast-adaptingȱmechanoreceptorȱinȱtheȱpapillaryȱlayerȱofȱtheȱdermisȱthatȱrespondsȱtoȱfineȱtouchȱisȱa A) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc. B) rootȱhairȱplexus. C) freeȱnerveȱending. D) Ruffiniȱcorpuscle. E) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Receptorsȱthatȱmonitorȱtheȱpositionȱofȱjointsȱbelongȱtoȱtheȱcategoryȱcalled A) nociceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) baroreceptors. D) proprioceptors. E) thermoreceptors. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Mechanoreceptorsȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱbloodȱpressureȱareȱcalled A) nociceptors. B) baroreceptors. C) chemoreceptors. D) proprioceptors. E) thermoreceptors. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Tactileȱreceptorsȱcomposedȱofȱcapsulesȱthatȱsurroundȱaȱcoreȱofȱcollagenȱfibersȱintertwinedȱwithȱdendritesȱare called A) Ruffiniȱcorpuscles. B) lamellatedȱcorpuscles. C) tactileȱȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscles. D) tactileȱdiscs. E) rootȱhairȱplexuses. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) AȱtactileȱreceptorȱcomposedȱofȱhighlyȱcoiledȱdendritesȱthatȱareȱsurroundedȱbyȱmodifiedȱSchwannȱcellsȱandȱa fibrousȱcapsuleȱisȱa A) lamellatedȱcorpuscle. B) Ruffiniȱcorpuscle. C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle. D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc. E) rootȱhairȱplexus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Aȱveryȱlarge,ȱfast-adaptingȱtactileȱreceptorȱthatȱisȱcomposedȱofȱaȱsingleȱdendriteȱenclosedȱbyȱconcentricȱlayers ofȱcollagenȱisȱa A) Ruffiniȱcorpuscle. B) lamellatedȱcorpuscle. C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱȱcorpuscle. D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱȱdisc. E) rootȱhairȱplexus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Aȱhighlyȱsensitiveȱtactileȱreceptorȱcomposedȱofȱdendriticȱprocessesȱofȱaȱsingleȱmyelinatedȱfiberȱthatȱmakes contactȱwithȱspecializedȱcellsȱofȱtheȱstratumȱgerminativumȱisȱa A) lamellatedȱcorpuscle. B) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle. C) Ruffiniȱcorpuscle. D) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱdisc. E) rootȱhairȱplexus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Aȱfast-adaptingȱtactileȱreceptorȱthatȱmonitorsȱmovementsȱacrossȱtheȱbodyȱsurfaceȱisȱa A) tactileȱ(Merkel)ȱȱdisc. B) lamellatedȱcorpuscle. C) tactileȱ(Meissner)ȱcorpuscle. D) Ruffiniȱcorpuscle. E) rootȱhairȱplexus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱkindsȱofȱinformationȱdoȱfine-touchȱandȱlight-pressureȱmechanoreceptorsȱprovide? A) locationȱofȱtheȱstimulus. B) shapeȱofȱtheȱstimulus. C) textureȱofȱtheȱstimulus. D) movementȱofȱtheȱstimulus. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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21) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱthermoreceptors? A) sensationȱconductedȱinȱsameȱpathwayȱasȱpain B) tonicȱresponseȱtoȱtemperatureȱchange C) foundȱinȱskeletalȱmuscle,ȱhypothalamus,ȱandȱskin D) projectȱtoȱreticularȱformation E) coldȱreceptorsȱoutnumberȱwarmȱreceptors Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Chemoreceptorsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) carotidȱbodies. B) aorticȱbodies. C) inȱtheȱskin. D) theȱorgansȱofȱtaste. E) theȱorgansȱofȱsmell. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Whichȱascendingȱtractȱcarriesȱtheȱsensationsȱforȱfineȱtouchȱandȱvibration? A) corticobulbar B) corticospinal C) posteriorȱ(dorsal)ȱcolumn D) spinothalamic E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) TheȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱcarriesȱsensationsȱfromȱproprioceptorsȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱisȱthe A) fasciculusȱgracilis. B) fasciculusȱcuneatus. C) spinocerebellar. D) lateralȱspinothalamic. E) anteriorȱspinothalamic. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) TheȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱrelaysȱinformationȱconcerningȱpainȱandȱtemperatureȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱisȱthe A) fasciculusȱgracilis. B) fasciculusȱcuneatus. C) posteriorȱspinocerebellar. D) lateralȱspinothalamic. E) anteriorȱspinothalamic. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) TheȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱrelaysȱinformationȱconcerningȱcrudeȱtouchȱandȱpressureȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱisȱthe A) fasciculusȱgracilis. B) fasciculusȱcuneatus. C) posteriorȱspinocerebellar. D) lateralȱspinothalamic. E) anteriorȱspinothalamic. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱascendingȱtractȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord,ȱ exceptȱthe A) fasciculusȱgracilis. B) fasciculusȱcuneatus. C) posteriorȱspinocerebellar. D) reticulospinalȱtract. E) anteriorȱspinothalamic. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) TheȱafferentȱneuronȱthatȱcarriesȱtheȱsensationȱtoȱtheȱCNSȱisȱaȱ________ȱneuron. A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Examplesȱofȱsensoryȱmodalitiesȱinclude A) touch. B) warmth. C) smell. D) vibration. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Thalamicȱneuronsȱthatȱprojectȱtoȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortexȱareȱ________ȱneurons. A) receptor B) first-order C) second-order D) third-order E) fourth-order Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Onlyȱaboutȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱinformationȱprovidedȱbyȱafferentȱfibersȱreachesȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱandȱour awareness. A) 1 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50 E) 95 Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Neuronsȱfromȱtheȱnucleusȱgracilis A) relayȱinformationȱdirectlyȱtoȱtheȱcerebrum. B) decussateȱbeforeȱenteringȱtheȱmedialȱlemniscus. C) relayȱsensoryȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱipsilateralȱcerebralȱhemisphere. D) carryȱbothȱcrudeȱandȱfineȱtouch. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Weȱcanȱlocalizeȱsensationsȱthatȱoriginateȱinȱdifferentȱareasȱofȱtheȱbodyȱbecause A) sensoryȱneuronsȱcarryȱonlyȱoneȱmodality. B) sensoryȱneuronsȱfromȱspecificȱbodyȱregionsȱprojectȱtoȱspecificȱcorticalȱregions. C) incomingȱsensoryȱinformationȱisȱfirstȱprocessedȱbyȱtheȱthalamus. D) differentȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱproduceȱactionȱpotentialsȱofȱdifferentȱsizesȱandȱshapes. E) ofȱtheȱmanyȱtypesȱofȱtactileȱreceptors. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱdescendingȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱcrossesȱtoȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwithinȱtheȱcordȱisȱtheȱ________ȱtract. A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱdescendingȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱcrossesȱtoȱtheȱoppositeȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwithinȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱisȱthe ________ȱtract. A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱnormallyȱplaysȱaȱminorȱroleȱinȱtheȱcontrolȱofȱȱtheȱdistalȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱarmsȱisȱtheȱ________ tract. A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱspinalȱtractȱthatȱunconsciouslyȱmaintainsȱbalanceȱandȱmuscleȱtoneȱisȱtheȱ________ȱtract. A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) anteriorȱcorticospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱmedialȱpathwayȱthatȱcontrolsȱinvoluntaryȱmovementsȱofȱhead,ȱneck,ȱandȱarmȱpositionȱinȱresponseȱto suddenȱvisualȱandȱauditoryȱstimuliȱisȱtheȱ________ȱtract. A) lateralȱcorticospinal B) tectospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱpyramidalȱsystemȱprovides A) voluntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱskeletalȱmuscles. B) voluntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱsmoothȱmuscles. C) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱskeletalȱmuscles. D) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱsmoothȱmuscles. E) involuntaryȱcontrolȱoverȱcardiacȱmuscle. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱcorticospinalȱsystemȱisȱoftenȱreferredȱtoȱasȱthe A) redȱnucleus. B) reticularȱformation. C) spinothalamicȱtracts. D) pyramidalȱsystem. E) medullaryȱcenters. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Theȱareaȱofȱtheȱmotorȱcortexȱthatȱisȱdevotedȱtoȱaȱparticularȱregionȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱproportionalȱtoȱthe A) sizeȱofȱtheȱbodyȱarea. B) distanceȱofȱtheȱbodyȱareaȱfromȱtheȱbrain. C) numberȱofȱmotorȱunitsȱinȱthatȱregion. D) numberȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱbody. E) sizeȱofȱtheȱnervesȱthatȱserveȱtheȱareaȱofȱtheȱbody. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Axonsȱofȱtheȱcorticobulbarȱtractȱterminateȱinȱthe A) sensoryȱneurons. B) somaticȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord. C) autonomicȱmotorȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord. D) motorȱnucleiȱofȱcranialȱnerves. E) nucleiȱinȱtheȱthalamus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Basedȱonȱtheȱmotorȱhomunculus,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbodyȱregionsȱhasȱtheȱlargestȱmotorȱunits? A) tongue B) face C) hands D) back E) larynx Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

44) Theȱpyramidsȱonȱtheȱventralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱareȱformedȱbyȱfibersȱofȱtheȱ________ȱtracts. A) corticospinal B) corticobulbar C) reticulospinal D) vestibulospinal E) tectospinal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Axonsȱthatȱdecussateȱbetweenȱtheȱpyramidsȱofȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱbelongȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱtracts. A) anteriorȱcorticospinal B) lateralȱcorticospinal C) vestibulospinal D) reticulospinal E) rubrospinal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱupperȱmotorȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱmedialȱpathwayȱareȱlocatedȱwithinȱanyȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ except the A) vestibularȱnuclei. B) reticularȱformation. C) superiorȱcolliculi. D) inferiorȱcolliculi. E) mamillaryȱbodies. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Tractsȱofȱtheȱlateralȱandȱmedialȱpathwaysȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ________ȱtracts. A) corticospinal B) tectospinal C) rubrospinal D) reticulospinal E) vestibulospinal Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Aȱbrainȱinjuryȱtoȱaȱpatientȱresultsȱinȱfacialȱparalysis.ȱWhichȱdescendingȱtractȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱaffected? A) corticospinalȱtract B) tectospinalȱtract C) rubrospinalȱtract D) corticobulbarȱtract E) reticulospinalȱtract Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

49) Theȱbasalȱnuclei A) initiateȱconsciousȱmotorȱactivity. B) activateȱspinalȱreflexes. C) provideȱtheȱbackgroundȱpatternsȱofȱmovementȱinvolvedȱinȱvoluntaryȱmotorȱactivities. D) exertȱdirectȱcontrolȱoverȱlowerȱmotorȱneurons. E) actȱasȱgatekeepers,ȱfilteringȱoutȱunnecessaryȱsensorimotorȱactivity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Complexȱmotorȱactivitiesȱsuchȱasȱridingȱaȱbicycle A) onlyȱrequireȱneuralȱprocessingȱatȱtheȱlevelȱofȱtheȱcerebrum. B) withȱpractice,ȱinvolveȱlittleȱinputȱfromȱtheȱbrain. C) requireȱtheȱcoordinatedȱactivityȱofȱseveralȱregionsȱofȱtheȱbrain. D) areȱlargelyȱcontrolledȱatȱtheȱlevelȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. E) usuallyȱescapeȱnoticeȱbyȱtheȱcerebellum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Damageȱtoȱtheȱpyramidalȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱwouldȱdirectlyȱaffect A) perceptionȱofȱpain. B) sight. C) voluntaryȱmotorȱactivity. D) hearing. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Theȱcerebellumȱadjustsȱmotorȱactivityȱinȱresponseȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) touchȱsensations. B) visualȱinformation. C) equilibrium-relatedȱsensations. D) inputȱfromȱtheȱmotorȱcortex. E) inputȱfromȱproprioceptors. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Motorȱneuronsȱwhoseȱcellȱbodiesȱareȱwithinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱneurons. A) upperȱmotor B) lowerȱmotor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somesthetic Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Whichȱascendingȱtractȱcarriesȱtheȱsensationsȱforȱfineȱtouchȱandȱvibration? A) corticobulbar B) corticospinal C) posteriorȱ(dorsal)ȱcolumn D) spinothalamic E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Someȱneuronsȱwithinȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱareȱknownȱto A) stimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱGABA. B) inhibitȱneuronsȱwithȱGABA. C) stimulateȱneuronsȱwithȱacetylcholine. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) VisceralȱsensoryȱinformationȱentersȱtheȱCNSȱonȱafferentȱfibersȱwithin A) cranialȱnervesȱV,ȱVII,ȱIX,ȱandȱX. B) dorsalȱrootsȱT 1 ȱtoȱL2 . C) dorsalȱrootsȱS 2 ȱtoȱS4 . D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Mechanoreceptorsȱmightȱdetectȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsensations? A) pressure B) touch C) vibration D) muscleȱlength E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Ifȱaȱfriendȱisȱtalkingȱaboutȱsomeoneȱsheȱknowsȱwhoȱlostȱhisȱspecialȱsenses,ȱyouȱwouldȱcorrectȱherȱwhenȱyou hearȱherȱmentionȱ________,ȱbecauseȱitȱisȱnotȱaȱspecialȱsense. A) smell B) sight C) balance D) cold E) hearing Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) Inȱorderȱforȱaȱsensationȱtoȱbecomeȱaȱperception, A) itȱmustȱreceivedȱbyȱtheȱsomatosensoryȱcortex. B) theȱindividualȱmustȱvocalizeȱaboutȱit. C) itȱmustȱarriveȱoverȱfast-conductingȱnerveȱfibers. D) theȱotherȱsensesȱmustȱbeȱsilent. E) itȱmustȱreceivedȱbyȱtheȱpulvinarȱnucleusȱofȱtheȱthalamus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

60) Gustatoryȱreceptorsȱareȱsensitiveȱtoȱdissolvedȱchemicalsȱbutȱinsensitiveȱtoȱlight.ȱThisȱisȱdueȱto A) receptorȱspecificity. B) accessoryȱcells. C) theȱfactȱthatȱtheyȱareȱinteroceptors. D) receptorȱpotentials. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Aȱreceptorȱpotentialȱmay A) increaseȱneurotransmitterȱrelease. B) decreaseȱneurotransmitterȱrelease. C) beȱaȱhyperpolarization. D) beȱaȱdepolarization. E) beȱanyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) SensoryȱinformationȱthatȱarrivesȱatȱtheȱCNSȱisȱroutedȱaccordingȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱstimulus. A) modality B) intensity C) location D) speed E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Painȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱcoldȱisȱtoȱ________. A) nociceptors;ȱthermoreceptors B) baroreceptors;ȱchemoreceptors C) baroreceptors;ȱnociceptors D) chemoreceptors;ȱnociceptors E) baroreceptors;ȱthermoreceptors Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Peripheralȱadaptationȱ________ȱtheȱnumberȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱthatȱreachȱtheȱCNS. A) decreases B) increases C) stabilizes D) neutralizes E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) Tickleȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱitchȱisȱtoȱ________. A) pressure;ȱheat B) baroreceptors;ȱchemoreceptors C) touch;ȱpain D) stretch;ȱtemperature E) thermoreceptors;ȱnociceptors Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Tactileȱdiscsȱareȱtoȱ________ȱasȱtactileȱcorpusclesȱareȱtoȱ________. A) Wilms;ȱMeissner B) Merkel;ȱMeissner C) Meissner;ȱMerkel D) Pacinian;ȱMerkel E) pain;ȱpressure Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) ________ȱareȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱaortaȱthatȱmonitorȱtheȱbloodȱpressure. A) Chemoreceptors B) Nociceptors C) Baroreptors D) Proprioceptors E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Yourȱuncleȱwasȱjustȱdiagnosedȱwithȱaȱheartȱattack.ȱOneȱofȱhisȱmajorȱsymptomsȱisȱleftȱarmȱpain.ȱYouȱareȱnot surprisedȱbecauseȱyouȱareȱfamiliarȱwithȱtheȱphenomenonȱof A) referredȱpain. B) phantomȱpain. C) psychogenicȱpain. D) somaticȱpain. E) neurogenicȱpain. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Descendingȱ(motor)ȱpathwaysȱalwaysȱinvolveȱatȱleastȱ________ȱmotorȱneuron(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four E) spinal Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Consciousȱandȱsubconsciousȱmotorȱcommandsȱcontrolȱskeletalȱmusclesȱbyȱtravelingȱoverȱthe A) corticospinalȱpathway. B) medialȱpathway. C) lateralȱpathway. D) anyȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) Theȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱmotorȱpathwaysȱcanȱmodify,ȱorȱdirect,ȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱbyȱ________ȱlower motorȱneurons. A) stimulating B) facilitating C) inhibiting D) anyȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Theȱcerebellumȱreliesȱonȱinformationȱfrom A) theȱeyes. B) theȱinnerȱearȱasȱmovementsȱareȱunderȱway. C) proprioceptiveȱsensations. D) motorȱcommandsȱfromȱupperȱmotorȱneurons. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) ________ȱisȱaȱrareȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱbrainȱfailsȱtoȱdevelopȱatȱlevelsȱaboveȱtheȱmesencephalonȱorȱinferior partȱofȱtheȱdiencephalon. A) Anencephaly B) Encephalopathy C) Hydrocephaly D) TetralogyȱofȱFallot E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Aȱlabeledȱlineȱis A) aȱtranslationȱofȱcomplexȱsensoryȱinformation. B) aȱlinkȱbetweenȱaȱreceptorȱandȱaȱcorticalȱneuron. C) aȱreductionȱinȱsensitivity. D) aȱstimulationȱthatȱproducesȱactionȱpotentials. E) anȱadjustmentȱforȱsensitivityȱadaptation. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) ________ȱreceptorsȱareȱ________ȱtimesȱmoreȱnumerousȱthanȱ________ȱreceptors. A) Warm;ȱthreeȱorȱfour;ȱcold B) Thermoreceptors;ȱthreeȱorȱfour;ȱcold C) Cold;ȱthreeȱorȱfour;ȱwarm D) Thermoreceptors;ȱthreeȱorȱfour;ȱtemperature E) Cold;ȱ10;ȱwarm Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) Inȱrelationȱtoȱtheȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱpathways,ȱtheȱ________ȱpathwayȱcontrolsȱ________ȱmovementsȱofȱtrunk andȱ________ȱlimbȱmuscles. A) lateral;ȱprecise;ȱdistal B) lateral;ȱgross;ȱdistal C) medial;ȱfine;ȱdistal D) medial;ȱgross;ȱproximal E) medial;ȱgross;ȱdistal Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Inȱrelationȱtoȱtheȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱpathways,ȱtheȱ________ȱpathwayȱcontrolsȱ________ȱmovementsȱof ________ȱlimbȱmuscles. A) lateral;ȱgross;ȱdistal B) lateral;ȱgross;ȱproximal C) medial;ȱprecise;ȱproximal D) medial;ȱgross;ȱproximal E) lateral;ȱprecise;ȱdistal Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Aȱsensoryȱreceptorȱcharacterizedȱperipherallyȱasȱaȱfreeȱnerveȱendingȱandȱcentrallyȱusesȱȱglutamateȱȱand/or substanceȱPȱasȱneurotransmitters,ȱwouldȱmostȱlikelyȱbeȱa A) chemoreceptor. B) mechanoreceptor. C) thermoreceptor. D) nociceptor. E) freeȱreceptor. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Sensoryȱencodingȱofȱtheȱperceivedȱlocation ofȱaȱstimulusȱdependsȱon A) theȱfrequencyȱofȱactionȱpotentials. B) whichȱlabeledȱlineȱisȱactive. C) theȱspecificȱlocationȱofȱtheȱcorticalȱneuronȱthatȱisȱstimulated. D) theȱspecificȱsensitivityȱofȱtheȱperipheralȱreceptor. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

80) Destructionȱofȱorȱdamageȱtoȱaȱlowerȱmotorȱneuronȱinȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystemȱproduces A) theȱinabilityȱtoȱlocalizeȱaȱstimulus. B) aȱsubconsciousȱresponseȱtoȱaȱstimulation. C) flaccidȱparalysisȱofȱitsȱmuscleȱfibersȱ(motorȱunit). D) aȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱinnervatedȱmuscle. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Theȱcerebellum A) functionsȱtoȱmaintainȱproperȱpostureȱandȱequilibrium. B) receivesȱinputȱfromȱtheȱmotorȱcortexȱandȱbasalȱganglia. C) comparesȱintendedȱmovementȱtoȱactualȱmovement. D) ifȱdamagedȱleadsȱtoȱuncoordinatedȱandȱjerkyȱmovements. E) hasȱallȱtheseȱcharacteristics. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱaȱpricklingȱpainȱsensation, exceptȱthatȱthey A) areȱcarriedȱbyȱtypeȱAȱfibers. B) reachȱtheȱCNSȱquickly. C) areȱfastȱadapting. D) receiveȱconsciousȱattention. E) oftenȱtriggerȱsomaticȱreflexes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Sensationsȱofȱburningȱorȱachingȱpain A) areȱcarriedȱbyȱtypeȱAȱfibers. B) reachȱtheȱCNSȱquickly. C) causeȱaȱgeneralizedȱactivationȱofȱtheȱreticularȱformationȱandȱtheȱthalamus. D) areȱwellȱlocalized. E) areȱfastȱadapting. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Whatȱlossȱwouldȱresultȱfromȱcuttingȱthroughȱtheȱmedialȱlemniscusȱonȱtheȱrightȱside? A) lossȱofȱpainȱsensationȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody B) lossȱofȱpainȱsensationȱonȱtheȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody C) lossȱofȱfineȱtouchȱsensationȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody D) lossȱofȱfineȱtouchȱsensationȱonȱtheȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody E) completeȱhemiplegiaȱ(paralysis)ȱonȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱtheȱbody Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Stimulationȱofȱaȱneuronȱthatȱterminatesȱinȱtheȱsuperiorȱregionȱofȱtheȱleftȱpostcentralȱgyrusȱwouldȱproduce A) aȱsensationȱinȱtheȱrightȱleg. B) aȱsensationȱinȱtheȱlips. C) aȱmuscleȱtwitchȱinȱtheȱrightȱleg. D) aȱmuscleȱtwitchȱinȱtheȱlips. E) bothȱsensationsȱandȱmuscleȱtwitchesȱinȱtheȱrightȱleg. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Upperȱmotorȱneuronsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) precentralȱgyrus. B) postcentralȱgyrus. C) brainȱstem. D) spinalȱcord. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Somaticȱsensoryȱaxonsȱenterȱtheȱventralȱrootȱandȱusuallyȱascendȱdirectlyȱtoȱtheȱthalamus. A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrue,ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalse,ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementsȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementsȱareȱfalse. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱaboutȱtheȱrelationȱbetweenȱstimulusȱintensityȱandȱitsȱneuralȱrepresentation? A) Strongȱstimuliȱproduceȱlargeȱgeneratorȱpotentialsȱinȱsensoryȱreceptors. B) Strongȱstimuliȱproduceȱlargeȱactionȱpotentialsȱinȱsensoryȱafferents. C) Strongȱstimuliȱproduceȱaȱhighȱfrequencyȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱinȱsensoryȱafferents. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Damageȱtoȱtheȱtectospinalȱtractsȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱthe A) abilityȱtoȱpositionȱtheȱarms. B) abilityȱtoȱmonitorȱbodyȱposition. C) abilityȱtoȱmakeȱreflexȱresponsesȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱinȱresponseȱtoȱsuddenȱmovementsȱorȱloudȱnoises. D) abilityȱtoȱcontrolȱmotorȱunitsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱleg. E) abilityȱtoȱcoordinateȱeatingȱandȱswallowingȱmovements. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Bladderȱfullnessȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱbloodȱpHȱisȱtoȱ________. A) nociceptors;ȱthermoreceptors B) baroreceptors;ȱchemoreceptors C) baroreceptors;ȱnociceptors D) chemoreceptors;ȱnociceptors E) baroreceptors;ȱthermoreceptors Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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91) Ifȱtheȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortexȱisȱdestroyed,ȱfineȱcontrolȱofȱmovementȱwillȱbeȱlost,ȱbutȱmovementȱmayȱnotȱbeȱlost completelyȱbecauseȱtheȱmedialȱandȱlateralȱpathwaysȱcanȱstillȱprovideȱcoarseȱmotorȱcontrol. A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrue,ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalse,ȱandȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementsȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementsȱareȱfalse. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ15- 1ȱSpinothalamicȱTracts UseȱFigureȱ15- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 92) IdentifyȱtheȱneuronȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) lowerȱmotorȱneuron B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) first-orderȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron Pageȱ392 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

E) ganglionicȱneuron Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) thalamus B) cerebralȱcortex C) primaryȱmotorȱcortex D) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex E) autonomicȱganglion Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱregardingȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6Ȉ? 1.ȱTheȱsynapseȱoccursȱbetweenȱmotorȱneurons. 2.ȱTheȱsensationsȱmayȱbeȱfilteredȱout. 3.ȱTheȱthird-orderȱneuronȱprojectsȱtoȱtheȱprimaryȱsensoryȱcortex. 4.ȱTheȱthird-orderȱneuronȇsȱaxonȱisȱidentified. A) 1ȱandȱ4 B) 2ȱonly C) 3ȱonly D) 3ȱandȱ4 E) 1ȱandȱ3 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Whichȱstructureȱconductsȱactionȱpotentialsȱdirectlyȱfromȱaȱsensoryȱreceptor? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 7 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱinformationȱthatȱtravelsȱalongȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) motorȱcommandsȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles B) proprioceptionȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex C) fineȱtouchȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex D) painȱandȱcrudeȱtouchȱsensations E) visceralȱmotorȱcommandsȱtoȱsmoothȱmuscle Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ15- 2ȱTheȱCorticospinalȱPathway UseȱFigureȱ15- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 97) IdentifyȱtheȱoriginȱofȱtheȱaxonȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) lowerȱmotorȱneuron B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) decussationȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron E) ganglionicȱneuron Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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98) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) ventralȱroot B) upperȱmotorȱneuron C) first-orderȱneuron D) second-orderȱneuron E) dorsalȱroot Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) WhatȱoccursȱinȱthisȱneuralȱpathwayȱatȱlabelȱȈ3Ȉ? A) synapse B) communicationȱbetweenȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱneurons C) amplificationȱofȱmotorȱsignals D) decussation E) autonomicȱreflexes Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉȱinȱthisȱneuralȱpathway. A) primaryȱsensoryȱcortex B) primaryȱmotorȱcortex C) thalamus D) autonomicȱmotorȱcenter E) basalȱnuclei Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) IdentifyȱtheȱtypeȱofȱinformationȱthatȱtravelsȱalongȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) motorȱcommandsȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles B) proprioceptionȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex C) fineȱtouchȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex D) painȱandȱcrudeȱtouchȱsensations E) visceralȱmotorȱcommandsȱtoȱsmoothȱmuscle Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Whenȱaxonsȱcrossȱoverȱfromȱoneȱsideȱofȱtheȱbrainȱtoȱtheȱother,ȱtheyȱareȱsaidȱtoȱ________. Answer: decussate Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱinformationȱthatȱisȱpassedȱfromȱaȱsensoryȱreceptorȱtoȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: sensation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱareaȱmonitoredȱbyȱaȱsingleȱreceptorȱcell. Answer: receptiveȱfield Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱlinkȱbetweenȱperipheralȱreceptorȱandȱcorticalȱneuronȱisȱcalledȱaȱ________. Answer: labeledȱline Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱdepolarizationȱofȱaȱsensoryȱdendriteȱthatȱcanȱleadȱtoȱanȱafferentȱnerveȱimpulseȱifȱstrong enough. Answer: generatorȱpotential Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Sensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱadaptȱquicklyȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱreceptors. Answer: phasic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Sensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱareȱalwaysȱactiveȱareȱcalledȱ________ȱreceptors. Answer: tonic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱprovidesȱinformationȱaboutȱtheȱintensity,ȱduration,ȱlocation,ȱandȱmodalityȱofȱaȱsensoryȱstimulus. Answer: Sensoryȱcoding Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱconversionȱofȱaȱsensoryȱinputȱtoȱaȱchangeȱinȱmembraneȱpotentialȱinȱtheȱreceptorȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: transduction Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) TheȱCNSȱinterpretsȱtheȱ________ȱentirelyȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱtheȱlabeledȱlineȱoverȱwhichȱitȱarrives. Answer: modality Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

11) ________ȱisȱaȱreductionȱinȱsensitivityȱinȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱaȱconstantȱstimulus. Answer: Adaptation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Sensoryȱinformationȱfromȱallȱpartsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱisȱroutedȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱcortex. Answer: somatosensory Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Painȱreceptorsȱareȱfast-adaptingȱreceptors. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Ifȱtheȱprimaryȱmotorȱcortexȱisȱdamaged,ȱtheȱindividualȱlosesȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱexertȱfineȱcontrolȱoverȱskeletal muscles. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) WhatȱareȱdifferencesȱandȱsimilaritiesȱbetweenȱȈcrudeȈȱtouchȱandȱȈfineȈȱtouchȱsensations? Answer: Crudeȱtouchȱrefersȱtoȱsensationsȱfromȱstimulationȱofȱtactileȱreceptorsȱofȱlowȱsensitivityȱwithȱlarge receptiveȱfields.ȱInȱcontrast,ȱfineȱtouchȱrefersȱtoȱtactileȱreceptorsȱofȱhighȱsensitivityȱwithȱsmallȱreceptive fields.ȱCrudeȱtouchȱascendsȱinȱtheȱanteriorȱspinothalamicȱpathwayȱwhereasȱfineȱtouchȱascendsȱinȱthe posteriorȱcolumnȱpathway.ȱTheȱspinothalamicȱpathwayȱcrossesȱtheȱneuralȱaxisȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱbutȱthe posteriorȱcolumnȱpathwayȱcrossesȱinȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata.ȱBothȱultimatelyȱprojectȱtoȱthe somatosensoryȱcortexȱonȱtheȱcontralateralȱsideȱofȱtheȱstimulusȱinȱtheȱsameȱregionȱofȱcortex. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whatȱareȱtheȱfourȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱforȱtheȱgeneralȱsenses?ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱnatureȱofȱtheȱstimuliȱthatȱexcite eachȱtype? Answer: (1)ȱNociceptors:ȱaȱvarietyȱofȱstimuliȱassociatedȱwithȱtissueȱdamage;ȱ(2)ȱthermoreceptors:ȱrespondȱto changesȱinȱtemperature;ȱ(3)ȱmechanoreceptors:ȱstimulatedȱbyȱphysicalȱdistortion,ȱcontact,ȱorȱpressure; andȱ(4)ȱchemoreceptors:ȱmonitorȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱspecificȱchemicalȱsubstances. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Whileȱplayingȱlacrosse,ȱFrankȱtookȱaȱblowȱtoȱtheȱbackȱofȱhisȱneck.ȱThisȱcausedȱswellingȱofȱtheȱposteriorȱspinal cordȱatȱC 7 ,ȱT 1 .ȱWhatȱtractȱliesȱinȱthisȱarea?ȱWhatȱsignsȱmightȱyouȱexpectȱFrankȱtoȱshowȱwhileȱtheȱswelling persists? Answer: Theȱposteriorȱspinocerebellarȱtractsȱandȱposteriorȱcolumnsȱmightȱbeȱaffected.ȱDifficultyȱwith proprioceptionȱandȱsensationsȱofȱfineȱtouch,ȱpressure,ȱandȱvibrationȱmayȱbeȱaltered. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Howȱcanȱanȱunderstandingȱofȱtheȱneurotransmitterȱimportantȱinȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱcontributeȱto anȱunderstandingȱtheȱunderlyingȱcauseȱforȱParkinsonȱdisease? Answer: Twoȱdistinctȱpopulationsȱofȱneuronsȱexist:ȱoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱneuronsȱbyȱreleasingȱacetylcholine,ȱand anotherȱthatȱinhibitsȱneuronsȱthroughȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱgammaȱaminobutyricȱacidȱ(GABA).ȱUnderȱnormal conditions,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱinterneuronsȱareȱkeptȱinactive,ȱandȱtheȱtractsȱleavingȱtheȱbasalȱnucleiȱhaveȱan inhibitoryȱeffectȱonȱupperȱmotorȱneurons.ȱInȱParkinsonȱdisease,ȱtheȱexcitatoryȱneuronsȱbecomeȱmore active,ȱleadingȱtoȱproblemsȱwithȱtheȱvoluntaryȱcontrolȱofȱmovement.ȱTreatmentȱdirectedȱatȱincreasing theȱsupplyȱofȱGABAȱisȱbeingȱinvestigatedȱactively. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ16 NeuralȱIntegrationȱII:ȱTheȱAutonomicȱNervousȱSystemȱandȱHigher- OrderȱFunctions MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) TheȱstatementȱȈthereȱisȱalwaysȱaȱperipheralȱsynapseȱbetweenȱtheȱCNSȱandȱtheȱeffectorȱorganȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Preganglionicȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱlocatedȱin A) theȱbrain. B) theȱlateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. C) theȱposteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Postganglionicȱaxonsȱusuallyȱare A) myelinated. B) unmyelinated. C) largerȱthanȱpreganglionicȱfibers. D) locatedȱinȱtheȱbrain. E) locatedȱinȱtheȱspinalȱcord. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱ________ȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱsaidȱtoȱfunctionȱduringȱȈrestȱandȱdigest.Ȉ A) sympathetic B) parasympathetic C) thoracolumbar D) visceral E) somatomotor Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Preganglionicȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱcervicalȱcord. B) anteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱtheȱcervicalȱandȱthoracicȱspinalȱcord. C) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱsegmentsȱT1 toȱL2 ofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. D) anteriorȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱsegmentsȱT 1 toȱL2 ofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. E) lateralȱgrayȱhornsȱofȱT 1 ȱtoȱS2ȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Clustersȱofȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱlyingȱalongȱeitherȱsideȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱareȱcalledȱsympathetic ________ȱganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) prevertebral E) suprarenal Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Clustersȱofȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱorgansȱinȱtheȱabdominopelvicȱregionȱareȱcalled ________ȱganglia. A) intramural B) collateral C) chain D) paravertebral E) suprarenal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Specializedȱganglionicȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱthatȱreleaseȱhormonesȱintoȱtheȱbloodstreamȱareȱfoundȱwithinȱthe A) intramuralȱganglia. B) collateralȱganglia. C) chainȱganglia. D) brainȱstem. E) suprarenalȱglands. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Postganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtargetsȱinȱtheȱbodyȱwallȱorȱthoracicȱcavityȱoriginateȱonȱneuronsȱwithin A) intramuralȱganglia. B) collateralȱganglia. C) sympatheticȱchainȱganglia. D) suprarenalȱganglia. E) whiteȱrami. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) TheȱstatementȱȈitȱinitiatesȱcontractionȱofȱurinaryȱbladderȱsmoothȱmuscleȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱeffectsȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱactionȱofȱpostganglionicȱsympatheticȱfibers,ȱexceptȱ A) increasedȱsweatȱsecretion. B) reducedȱcirculationȱtoȱtheȱskin. C) decreasedȱheartȱrate. D) dilationȱofȱtheȱpupils. E) increasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Splanchnicȱnerves A) originateȱfromȱfirst-orderȱneuronsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱupperȱfiveȱthoracicȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. B) consistȱofȱaxonsȱthatȱsynapseȱinȱcollateralȱganglia. C) controlȱsympatheticȱfunctionȱofȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱthorax. D) connectȱchainȱganglia. E) areȱformedȱofȱparasympatheticȱfibers. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱceliacȱganglionȱinnervatesȱthe A) stomach. B) liver. C) pancreas. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Sympatheticȱinnervationȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱisȱbyȱwayȱofȱthe A) celiacȱganglion. B) superiorȱmesentericȱganglion. C) inferiorȱmesentericȱganglion. D) pudendalȱganglion. E) pelvicȱganglion. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱsympatheticȱcollateralȱgangliaȱincludeȱthe A) celiac. B) superiorȱmesenteric. C) inferiorȱmesenteric. D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Preganglionicȱfibersȱofȱparasympatheticȱneuronsȱareȱpresentȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcranialȱnerves,ȱ exceptȱN A) III. B) VII. C) IX. D) X. E) XII. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Almostȱ75ȱpercentȱofȱallȱparasympatheticȱoutflowȱtravelsȱalongȱthe A) splanchnicȱnerves. B) facialȱnerves. C) vagusȱnerves. D) glossopharyngealȱnerves. E) trigeminalȱnerve. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱparasympatheticȱganglion? A) ciliaryȱganglion. B) pterygopalatineȱganglion. C) submandibularȱganglion. D) oticȱganglion. E) celiacȱganglion. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Intramuralȱgangliaȱinȱtheȱdigestive,ȱurinary,ȱandȱreproductiveȱorgansȱareȱinnervatedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱnerves. A) spinal B) splanchnic C) chain D) pelvic E) collateral Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Ganglionicȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱsuprarenalȱgland A) areȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortex. B) releaseȱacetylcholineȱintoȱbloodȱcapillaries. C) releaseȱepinephrineȱintoȱbloodȱcapillaries. D) haveȱnoȱknownȱfunction. E) areȱmodifiedȱandȱcanȇtȱreleaseȱneurotransmitters. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) TheȱstatementȱȈitȱcontrolsȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱpupilȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Postganglionicȱsympatheticȱaxonsȱreleaseȱtheȱneurotransmitterȱ________ȱatȱtheirȱeffectorȱjunctions. A) acetylcholine B) nitricȱoxide C) norepinephrine D) eitherȱAȱorȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

23) StimulationȱofȱĮ1ȱadrenergicȱreceptorsȱbyȱnorepinephrineȱresultsȱin A) anȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱamountȱofȱintracellularȱcAMP. B) aȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱamountȱofȱintracellularȱcAMP. C) decreasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodiumȱion. D) releaseȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱfromȱintracellularȱstores. E) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱpotassiumȱions. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) TheȱstatementȱȈitsȱpostganglionicȱaxonsȱalwaysȱuseȱacetylcholineȱasȱtheȱneurotransmitterȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) TheȱstatementȱȈitsȱgangliaȱareȱusuallyȱnearȱorȱwithinȱtheȱendȱorganȈȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱbetaȱreceptorsȱonȱheartȱmuscleȱcellsȱresultsȱin A) theȱformationȱofȱcAMP. B) increasedȱheartȱrate. C) increasedȱforceȱofȱcontraction. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Sweatȱglandsȱcontainȱ________ȱreceptors. A) nicotinicȱcholinergic B) muscarinicȱcholinergic C) alpha D) beta E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Nicotinicȱreceptors A) respondȱtoȱepinephrine. B) respondȱtoȱnorepinephrine. C) openȱchemicallyȱgatedȱsodiumȱionȱchannels. D) areȱfoundȱatȱneuroeffectorȱjunctionsȱofȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. E) openȱchemicallyȱgatedȱcalciumȱionȱchannels. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Muscarinicȱreceptors A) areȱnormallyȱactivatedȱbyȱacetylcholine. B) areȱfoundȱmostlyȱinȱautonomicȱganglia. C) alwaysȱproduceȱanȱexcitatoryȱresponse. D) controlȱsodiumȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱaffectedȱmembrane. E) areȱblockedȱbyȱnorepinephrine. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Parasympatheticȱstimulation A) increasesȱheartȱrate. B) increasesȱgastricȱmotility. C) causesȱsweatȱglandsȱtoȱsecrete. D) causesȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱskinȱtoȱdilate. E) causesȱtheȱpupilsȱtoȱdilate. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Dualȱinnervationȱrefersȱtoȱanȱorganȱreceiving A) twoȱnervesȱfromȱtheȱspinalȱcord. B) bothȱautonomicȱandȱsomatomotorȱnerves. C) bothȱsympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱinnervation. D) nervesȱfromȱbothȱtheȱbrainȱandȱtheȱspinalȱcord. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Sympatheticȱandȱparasympatheticȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱheartȱpassȱthroughȱthe A) celiacȱplexus. B) hypogastricȱplexus. C) cardiacȱplexus. D) sphenopalatineȱganglia. E) oticȱganglia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Controlȱofȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassagesȱdependsȱupon A) sympatheticȱstimulationȱonly. B) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱonly. C) somatomotorȱstimulationȱonly. D) bothȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱlevelsȱofȱstimulation. E) sensoryȱreceptorsȱsensitiveȱtoȱchangesȱinȱlungȱventilation. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) AutonomicȱtoneȱisȱanȱimportantȱaspectȱofȱANSȱfunctionȱbecauseȱit A) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱbeȱsilentȱunderȱnormalȱconditions. B) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱincreaseȱactivityȱonȱdemandȱbutȱnotȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivity. C) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivityȱonȱdemandȱbutȱnotȱincreaseȱtheirȱactivity. D) allowsȱANSȱneuronsȱtoȱincreaseȱorȱdecreaseȱtheirȱactivity,ȱprovidingȱaȱrangeȱofȱcontrolȱoptions. E) providesȱforȱaȱnarrowȱrangeȱofȱcontrolȱoptionsȱthatȱkeepsȱtargetȱtissuesȱconstantlyȱactive. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Aȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱautonomicȱtoneȱofȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱwouldȱresultȱin A) anȱincreaseȱinȱvesselȱdiameter. B) aȱdecreaseȱinȱvesselȱdiameter. C) oscillationȱinȱvesselȱdiameter. D) anȱincreaseȱinȱbloodȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱvessel. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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36) Inȱgeneral,ȱautonomicȱtoneȱofȱperipheralȱbloodȱvesselsȱincreasesȱwhen A) sympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱincreased. B) sympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱdecreased. C) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱincreased. D) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱisȱdecreased. E) somatomotorȱstimulationȱisȱincreased. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱexampleȱof aȱvisceralȱreflex? A) defecationȱreflex B) vomitingȱreflex C) pupillaryȱreflex D) ejaculationȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtactileȱstimuli E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱvisceralȱreflexesȱisȱnotȱcoordinatedȱbyȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata? A) swallowingȱreflex B) vomitingȱreflex C) coughingȱreflex D) cardioinhibitoryȱreflex E) pupillaryȱreflex Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱanȱexampleȱofȱhigher -levelȱcontrolȱofȱautonomicȱfunction? A) gaggingȱonȱfoodȱthatȱdoesȱnotȱappealȱtoȱyou B) aȱviolentȱcoughingȱattackȱinȱresponseȱtoȱanȱirritant C) increasedȱheartȱrateȱwhenȱyouȱseeȱaȱpersonȱyouȱfear D) dilationȱofȱtheȱpupilsȱwhenȱyouȱenterȱaȱdarkȱroom E) increasedȱsalivationȱwhenȱyouȱsmellȱfoodȱthatȱappealsȱtoȱyou Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱessentialȱforȱmemoryȱconsolidation? A) occipitalȱlobe B) basalȱnuclei C) hippocampus D) insula E) prefrontalȱlobe Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Mechanismsȱinvolvedȱinȱmemoryȱformationȱandȱstorageȱinvolveȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) increasedȱreleaseȱofȱneurotransmitters. B) anterogradeȱamnesia. C) formationȱofȱadditionalȱsynapticȱconnections. D) theȱformationȱofȱmemoryȱengrams. E) facilitationȱatȱsynapses. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Long-termȱmemoriesȱthatȱareȱwithȱyouȱforȱaȱlifetimeȱareȱcalled A) tertiaryȱmemories. B) reflexiveȱmemories. C) consolidatedȱmemories. D) multilobarȱmemories. E) secondaryȱmemories. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Conversionȱofȱaȱshort-termȱmemoryȱtoȱaȱlong-termȱmemoryȱisȱcalled A) memoryȱconversion. B) anterogradeȱamnesia. C) memoryȱprogramming. D) memoryȱconsolidation. E) memoryȱengraving. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Theȱconsciousȱstateȱisȱmaintainedȱbyȱthe A) prefrontalȱlobes. B) generalȱinterpretiveȱarea. C) limbicȱsystem. D) reticularȱactivatingȱsystem. E) nucleusȱgracilis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Basedȱonȱstimulationȱstudies,ȱtheȱȈheadquartersȈȱofȱtheȱreticularȱactivatingȱsystemȱappearsȱtoȱbeȱbasedȱinȱthe A) medulla. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebrum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Anȱage-relatedȱdeclineȱinȱmentalȱfunctionȱcharacterizedȱbyȱdifficultiesȱwithȱspatialȱorientation,ȱmemory, language,ȱandȱpersonalityȱisȱcalled A) deliriumȱagitans. B) senileȱdementia. C) persistentȱvegetativeȱstate. D) somnolenceȱofȱtheȱaged. E) progressiveȱcerebralȱdysfunction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Aȱstateȱofȱunconsciousnessȱinȱwhichȱanȱindividualȱcanȱbeȱarousedȱbyȱnormalȱstimuliȱis A) somnolence. B) sleep. C) stupor. D) coma. E) aȱchronicȱvegetativeȱstate. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Aȱstateȱofȱunconsciousnessȱinȱwhichȱanȱindividualȱcannotȱbeȱarousedȱevenȱbyȱstrongȱstimuliȱis A) somnolence. B) sleep. C) stupor. D) coma. E) aȱchronicȱvegetativeȱstate. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱbrainȱwavesȱproducedȱbyȱnormalȱadultsȱwhileȱrestingȱwithȱtheirȱeyesȱclosedȱareȱ________ȱwaves. A) alpha B) beta C) theta D) delta E) gamma Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Inȱdeepȱsleep, A) theȱEEGȱpatternȱisȱcharacterizedȱasȱȈslowȱwave.Ȉ B) cerebralȱactivityȱisȱparadoxicallyȱhigh. C) rapidȱeyeȱmovementsȱspeedȱup. D) rapidȱeyeȱmovementsȱareȱmaintainedȱatȱnormalȱlevels. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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51) Afterȱarousalȱbyȱaȱsensoryȱstimulus,ȱconsciousnessȱcanȱbeȱmaintainedȱbyȱpositiveȱfeedback,ȱbecauseȱofȱactivity inȱthe A) cerebralȱcortex. B) basalȱnuclei. C) sensoryȱpathways. D) motorȱpathways. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Changesȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystemȱthatȱaccompanyȱagingȱinclude A) reductionȱinȱbrainȱsizeȱandȱweight. B) decreaseȱinȱtheȱnumberȱofȱneurons. C) decreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱbrain. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Alzheimerȱdiseaseȱisȱcharacterizedȱbyȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) isȱtheȱmostȱcommonȱcauseȱofȱsenileȱdementia. B) isȱcharacterizedȱbyȱaȱprogressiveȱlossȱofȱmemory. C) hasȱaȱclearȱgeneticȱbasis. D) isȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱformationȱofȱplaquesȱandȱneurofibrillaryȱtangles. E) mayȱbeȱassociatedȱwithȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱnucleusȱbasalis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Autonomicȱefferents A) causeȱgeneralȱrelaxation. B) causeȱgeneralȱexcitation. C) conductȱimpulsesȱfromȱsensoryȱreceptors. D) conductȱimpulsesȱtoȱskeletalȱmuscles. E) conductȱimpulsesȱtoȱsmoothȱandȱcardiacȱmusclesȱandȱglands. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) PreganglionicȱfibersȱleaveȱtheȱCNSȱandȱthenȱsynapseȱon A) postganglionicȱfibers. B) visceralȱreflexȱresponses. C) motorȱneurons. D) ganglionicȱneurons. E) afferentȱneurons. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Ganglionicȱneuronsȱinnervateȱsuchȱthingsȱas A) smoothȱmuscle. B) cardiacȱmuscle. C) adiposeȱtissue. D) glands. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱisȱespeciallyȱactiveȱduringȱwhichȱphysiologicalȱstate(s)? A) exertion B) trauma C) digestion D) stress E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) TheȱsympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANSȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) somaticȱdivision B) craniosacralȱdivision C) restingȱdivision D) thoracolumbarȱdivision E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Inȱgeneral,ȱsympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱareȱ________ȱandȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱareȱ________. A) myelinated;ȱunmyelinated B) long;ȱshort C) short;ȱlong D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Inȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem,ȱwhereȱareȱtheȱpreganglionicȱneuronsȱlocated? A) cervicalȱandȱsacralȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord B) sacralȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord C) brainȱstem D) thoracicȱandȱlumbarȱsegmentsȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Craniosacralȱdivisionȱisȱanotherȱnameȱforȱthe A) sympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANS. B) parasympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱANS. C) ȈrestȱandȱdigestȈȱdivision. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Inȱgeneral,ȱparasympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱareȱ________ȱandȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱareȱ________. A) myelinated;ȱunmyelinated B) long;ȱshort C) short;ȱlong D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Collateralȱgangliaȱcontainȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱtissuesȱandȱorgansȱinȱwhichȱcavity? A) thoracic B) lumbar C) abdominopelvic D) craniosacral E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Sympatheticȱnerves A) provokeȱfeelingsȱofȱsympathy. B) allowȱusȱtoȱrelax,ȱrest,ȱandȱrecover. C) areȱbundlesȱofȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱorgansȱwithinȱtheȱthoracicȱcavity. D) controlȱswallowing. E) stimulateȱgastricȱsecretion. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

65) Preganglionicȱfibersȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱcollateralȱgangliaȱformȱthe A) suprarenalȱmedulla. B) celiacȱganglia. C) sympatheticȱchainȱganglia. D) inferiorȱmesentericȱganglia. E) splanchnicȱnerves. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Theȱceliacȱgangliaȱinnervateȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) liver B) spleen C) stomach D) pancreas E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Theȱsuprarenalȱmedullaeȱsecrete A) medullin. B) epinephrine. C) norepinephrine. D) renin. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Duringȱsympatheticȱactivation,ȱ________ȱoccurs. A) elevatedȱheartȱrate B) elevatedȱbloodȱpressure C) sweating D) elevatedȱbloodȱglucose E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱstimulationȱofȱbeta-adrenergicȱreceptorsȱcanȱleadȱto A) anȱincreaseȱinȱmetabolicȱactivity. B) anȱinhibitionȱofȱairwayȱsmoothȱmuscle. C) theȱbreakdownȱofȱtriglyceridesȱwithinȱadipocytes. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Anȱinhalerȱusedȱtoȱtreatȱairwayȱconstrictionȱinȱasthmaȱorȱallergyȱmightȱcontainȱaȱdrugȱthat A) activatesȱ Ά 1 ȱadrenergicȱreceptors. B) activatesȱ Ά 2 ȱadrenergicȱreceptors. C) blocksȱmuscarinicȱcholinergicȱreceptors. D) AȱorȱB E) BȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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71) Parasympatheticȱfunctionsȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) decreaseȱinȱtheȱrateȱofȱcardiacȱcontraction. B) constrictionȱofȱtheȱpupils. C) dilationȱofȱtheȱairways. D) stimulationȱofȱurination. E) stimulationȱofȱdefecation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Postganglionicȱfibersȱreleaseȱneurotransmitterȱonȱperipheralȱeffectors A) atȱdistinctȱsynapses. B) atȱpearl-likeȱswellingsȱcalledȱvaricosities. C) intoȱcapillariesȱwithinȱtheȱtargetȱorgan. D) atȱtheȱendȱplates. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) TheȱstatementȱȈItȱsendsȱitsȱpreganglionicȱaxonsȱintoȱtheȱventralȱroots.Ȉȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱadrenergicȱreceptorsȱisȱtrue? A) TheyȱareȱGȱproteins. B) Whenȱactivated,ȱcAMPȱlevelsȱareȱaffected. C) Epinephrineȱactivatesȱbothȱalphaȱandȱbetaȱtypes. D) Norepinephrineȱactivatesȱmainlyȱtheȱalphaȱtype. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Whichȱofȱtheseȱprovidesȱpreganglionicȱparasympatheticȱinnervationȱtoȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱneckȱandȱinȱthe thoracicȱandȱabdominopelvicȱcavities? A) vagusȱnerves B) sciaticȱnerves C) glossopharyngealȱnerves D) pelvicȱnerves E) cervicothoracocabdominopelvicȱnerves Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) TheȱstatementȱȈPreganglionicȱaxonȱterminalsȱreleaseȱacetylcholine.Ȉȱis A) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. B) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. C) trueȱforȱbothȱtheȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. D) notȱtrueȱforȱeitherȱtheȱparasympatheticȱorȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystems. E) trueȱonlyȱforȱtheȱsomaticȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) AȱvisceralȱmotorȱneuronȱwhoseȱcellȱbodyȱisȱwithinȱtheȱCNSȱisȱcalledȱa(n)________ȱneuron. A) upperȱmotor B) lowerȱmotor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱtheȱparasympatheticȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystem isȱfalse?ȱ A) Preganglionicȱneuronsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱbrainȱstemȱandȱsacralȱregionȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcord. B) Ganglionicȱneuronsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱgangliaȱwithinȱorȱnearȱtoȱeffectors. C) Preganglionicȱfibersȱareȱrelativelyȱshortȱandȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱareȱrelativelyȱlong. D) Theȱactionsȱofȱtheȱparasympatheticȱdivisionȱareȱmoreȱlocalizedȱthanȱthoseȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱdivision. E) Theȱganglionicȱneuronsȱalwaysȱreleaseȱacetylcholine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Injuryȱtoȱtheȱneuronsȱofȱaȱcollateralȱganglionȱwouldȱaffectȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱthe A) heart. B) pupils. C) sweatȱglands. D) digestiveȱtract. E) arrectorȱpiliȱmuscles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Damageȱtoȱtheȱventralȱrootsȱofȱtheȱfirstȱfiveȱthoracicȱspinalȱnervesȱonȱtheȱrightȱsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwouldȱinterfere withȱtheȱabilityȱto A) dilateȱtheȱrightȱpupil. B) constrictȱtheȱrightȱpupil. C) dilateȱtheȱleftȱpupil. D) constrictȱtheȱleftȱpupil. E) smileȱandȱfrown. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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81) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱceliacȱganglionȱwouldȱleadȱto A) relaxationȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱsphincter. B) increasedȱheartȱrate. C) hydrolysisȱofȱliverȱglycogenȱreserves. D) activationȱofȱventralȱsweatȱglands. E) increasedȱgastricȱmotility. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Injuryȱtoȱtheȱcervicalȱsympatheticȱgangliaȱwouldȱaffectȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱthe A) heart. B) pupils. C) salivaryȱglands. D) lungs. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Drugsȱthatȱhaveȱeffectsȱsimilarȱtoȱthoseȱofȱsympatheticȱactivationȱareȱcalledȱsympathomimeticȱdrugs.ȱWhichȱof theȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱnotȱexpectȱtoȱobserveȱinȱaȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱtakenȱaȱsympathomimeticȱdrug? A) sweating B) increasedȱheartȱrate C) wheezing D) decreasedȱbloodȱpressure E) increasedȱbloodȱsugarȱlevel Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Mostȱsympatheticȱeffectorȱjunctionsȱreleaseȱnorepinephrineȱbutȱaȱsignificantȱnumberȱreleaseȱacetylcholine instead.ȱWhichȱofȱtheseȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱanȱorganȱofȱtheȱcholinergicȱtype? A) theȱheart B) aȱbloodȱvesselȱinȱtheȱskin C) aȱsweatȱgland D) theȱliver E) theȱsalivaryȱglands Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Aȱcertainȱdrugȱdecreasesȱheartȱrateȱbyȱblockingȱaȱreceptorȱonȱcardiacȱpacemakerȱcells.ȱThisȱdrugȱprobably bindsȱtoȱ________ȱreceptors. A) nicotinicȱcholinergic B) muscarinicȱcholinergic C) alpha-1ȱadrenergic D) alpha-2ȱadrenergic E) beta-1ȱadrenergic Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Aȱneuronȱwithȱnicotinicȱreceptorsȱisȱexposedȱtoȱacetylcholine.ȱThisȱwillȱleadȱto A) activationȱofȱchemicallyȱgatedȱionȱchannels. B) excitationȱofȱtheȱneuron. C) entryȱofȱsodiumȱion. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱincreasedȱheartȱrate? A) increasedȱsympatheticȱinput B) decreasedȱsympatheticȱinput C) increasedȱparasympatheticȱinput D) decreasedȱparasympatheticȱinput E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Drugsȱknownȱasȱbeta-blockersȱmayȱbeȱusefulȱforȱtreating A) constipation. B) diarrhea. C) excessiveȱsalivation. D) excessiveȱheartȱrate. E) prostateȱdisorders. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Drugsȱthatȱstimulateȱalphaȱreceptors,ȱcausingȱconstrictionȱofȱperipheralȱvessels,ȱare A) sympatheticȱblockingȱagents. B) sympathomimetic. C) parasympatheticȱblockingȱagents. D) parasympathomimetic. E) autonomicȱblockingȱagents. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Sympathomimeticȱdrugsȱmightȱbeȱusedȱto A) decreaseȱheartȱrate. B) decreaseȱbloodȱpressure. C) dilateȱairways. D) increaseȱgastricȱmotility. E) reduceȱbloodȱsugarȱlevels. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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91) Drugsȱthatȱblockȱnicotinicȱreceptorsȱwouldȱbe A) sympathomimetic. B) parasympathomimetic. C) parasympatheticȱblockingȱagents. D) sympatheticȱblockingȱagents. E) autonomicȱblockingȱagents. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Parasympatheticȱblockingȱagentsȱcanȱbeȱusefulȱinȱtreating A) heartȱfailure. B) highȱbloodȱpressure. C) urinaryȱincontinence. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) Aȱdoctorȱplacesȱdropsȱinȱtheȱeyesȱtoȱdilateȱtheȱpupilsȱforȱanȱexamination.ȱTheȱtypeȱofȱdrugȱthatȱisȱusedȱis A) aȱsympathomimeticȱdrug. B) aȱmuscarinicȱblockingȱdrug. C) anȱadrenergicȱactivatingȱdrug. D) A,ȱB,ȱorȱC E) AȱorȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

94) Asȱtheȱresultȱofȱanȱaccident,ȱtheȱwhiteȱramiȱofȱspinalȱnervesȱT 1 andȱT 2 onȱtheȱleftȱsideȱofȱBradȇsȱbodyȱare severed.ȱWhatȱorgan(s)ȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱmightȱbeȱaffectedȱbyȱthisȱinjury? A) leftȱpupil B) rightȱpupil C) heart D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

95) Aȱpersonȱisȱconfrontedȱbyȱaȱdangerousȱdog.ȱHisȱheartȱbeginsȱtoȱraceȱandȱbeatȱstrongly,ȱhisȱpupilsȱdilate,ȱand hisȱhairsȱstandȱup.ȱTheseȱsignsȱareȱtheȱresultȱof A) sympatheticȱactivation. B) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱepinephrineȱinȱtheȱblood. C) increasedȱactivityȱofȱautonomicȱcentersȱinȱtheȱhypothalamus. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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96) Tomȱsuffersȱfromȱhypertensionȱ(highȱbloodȱpressure).ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmightȱhelpȱdealȱwithȱhis problem?ȱAȱdrugȱthat A) blocksȱalpha-1ȱreceptorsȱinȱskinȱandȱskeletalȱmuscle. B) blocksȱalpha-2ȱreceptorsȱinȱadiposeȱtissue. C) increasesȱcAMPȱlevelsȱinȱcardiacȱmuscleȱtissue. D) blocksȱbetaȱreceptorsȱinȱcardiacȱmuscleȱtissue. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

97) Maryȱaccidentallyȱateȱpoisonȱmushroomsȱthatȱcontainȱmuscarine.ȱWhatȱsymptomsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱto observe? A) diarrhea B) salivation C) veryȱlowȱheartȱrate D) sweating E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

98) Hallucinogenicȱdrugs,ȱsuchȱasȱLSD,ȱfunctionȱby A) stimulatingȱreceptorsȱforȱnorepinephrine. B) blockingȱacetylcholineȱreceptors. C) increasingȱtheȱproductionȱofȱGABA. D) stimulatingȱserotoninȱreceptors. E) mimickingȱtheȱactionȱofȱdopamine. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) TheȱinheritedȱbrainȱdisorderȱHuntingtonȱdiseaseȱisȱcausedȱbyȱtheȱdestructionȱofȱbasalȱnucleiȱthatȱuseȱdifferent neurotransmitters.ȱOneȱneurotransmitterȱisȱ________ȱandȱtheȱotherȱisȱ________. A) acetylcholine;ȱserotonin B) serotonin;ȱnorepinephrine C) norepinephrine;ȱserotonin D) acetylcholine;ȱGABA E) glutamate;ȱserotonin Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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100) Theȱregulationȱofȱawake-asleepȱcyclesȱappearsȱtoȱinvolveȱanȱinterplayȱbetweenȱbrainȱstemȱnucleiȱthatȱuse differentȱneurotransmitters.ȱTheȱoneȱthatȱfavorsȱalertnessȱisȱ________ȱandȱtheȱotherȱpromotingȱdeepȱsleepȱis ________. A) acetylcholine;ȱserotonin B) serotonin;ȱnorepinephrine C) norepinephrine;ȱserotonin D) dopamine;ȱGABA E) glutamate;ȱserotonin Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

101) Whatȱmentalȱillnessȱisȱoftenȱimprovedȱbyȱdrugsȱthatȱblockȱserotoninȱre-uptake? A) agitation B) hallucinations C) depression D) Parkinson E) Huntington Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ16- 1ȱANSȱPathway UseȱFigureȱ16- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 102) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) somaticȱmotorȱneuron B) preganglionicȱneuron C) sensoryȱneuron D) ganglionicȱneuron E) astrocyte Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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103) WhichȱneurotransmitterȱisȱreleasedȱatȱtheȱsynapsesȱinȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3Ȉ? A) norepinephrine B) dopamine C) acetylcholine D) endorphin E) anyȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) grayȱramus B) dorsalȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) whiteȱramus E) ventralȱroot Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) ventralȱroot B) dorsalȱramus C) spinalȱnerve D) ventralȱramus E) whiteȱramus Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) somaticȱmotorȱneuron B) preganglionicȱneuron C) sensoryȱneuron D) ganglionicȱneuron E) astrocyte Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Preganglionicȱfibersȱofȱparasympatheticȱnervesȱsynapseȱonȱneuronsȱlocatedȱwithinȱ________. Answer: intramuralȱganglia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) ________ȱperformȱtheȱsimplestȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: Visceralȱreflexes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) VisceralȱreflexȱarcsȱcanȱbypassȱCNSȱneuronsȱinȱ________ȱreflexes. Answer: short Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱlevelȱofȱtonicȱactivityȱofȱautonomicȱneuronsȱdeterminesȱtheȱ________ȱofȱanȱindividual. Answer: autonomicȱtone Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Drugsȱthatȱmimicȱtheȱactionsȱofȱnorepinephrineȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: sympathomimetic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Duringȱ________ȱsleep,ȱtheȱentireȱbodyȱrelaxesȱandȱtheȱactivityȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱisȱatȱaȱminimum. Answer: deep Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Duringȱ________ȱsleep,ȱdreamingȱoccurs. Answer: REM Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱintegrativeȱcentersȱforȱautonomicȱactivityȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________. Answer: hypothalamus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱ________ȱnervousȱsystemȱstimulatesȱtheȱarrectorȱpiliȱmusclesȱandȱgivesȱyouȱȈgoosebumps.Ȉ Answer: sympathetic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Synapsesȱthatȱuseȱnorepinephrineȱasȱaȱtransmitterȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: adrenergic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Neuronsȱthatȱuseȱnorepinephrineȱasȱaȱtransmitterȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: adrenergicȱȱ Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Mostȱvitalȱorgansȱreceiveȱ________ȱinnervation.ȱThatȱis,ȱtheyȱreceiveȱinputȱfromȱbothȱsympatheticȱand parasympatheticȱdivisions. Answer: dual Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Onlyȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱinnervatesȱtheȱskin. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Everyȱspinalȱnerveȱreceivesȱaȱgrayȱramusȱfromȱaȱganglionȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱchain. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱeffectsȱofȱacetylcholineȱonȱnicotinicȱreceptorsȱlastȱlongerȱthanȱthoseȱofȱnorepinephrineȱonȱbeta -adrenergic receptors. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Theȱnervousȱandȱendocrineȱsystemsȱareȱtheȱbodyȇsȱtwoȱmainȱregulatoryȱsystems.ȱDescribeȱsomeȱofȱtheȱways thatȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱandȱtheȱendocrineȱsystemȱinteract. Answer: Theȱreleaseȱofȱepinephrineȱfromȱtheȱsuprarenalȱmedullaȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱpreganglionicȱsympathetic activity.ȱTheȱsympatheticsȱalsoȱcontrolȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱrenninȱfromȱtheȱkidneys,ȱinsulinȱfromȱtheȱpancreas, ADHȱfromȱtheȱpituitary,ȱandȱmelatoninȱfromȱtheȱpineal.ȱHormonesȱsuchȱasȱthyroidȱhaveȱaȱpowerful effectȱonȱbrainȱdevelopmentȱandȱmetabolism. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whyȱisȱtheȱsuprarenalȱmedullaȱconsideredȱtoȱbeȱaȱmodifiedȱsympatheticȱganglion? Answer: Preganglionicȱsympatheticȱfibersȱenteringȱtheȱsuprarenalȱglandȱproceedȱtoȱtheȱsuprarenalȱmedulla, whereȱtheyȱsynapseȱonȱneuroendocrineȱcellsȱthatȱreleaseȱtheȱneurotransmittersȱnorepinephrineȱand epinephrineȱintoȱtheȱbloodstream. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Listȱtheȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱadrenergicȱreceptors,ȱtheȱresponsesȱtheyȱproduce,ȱandȱbyȱwhatȱmechanisms. Answer: Thereȱareȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱalphaȱreceptorsȱandȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱbetaȱreceptors.ȱTheȱalpha -1ȱreceptorȱproduces excitationȱorȱstimulationȱofȱmetabolism.ȱItȱworksȱbyȱactivationȱofȱanȱenzymeȱand/orȱbyȱreleaseȱofȱcalcium ionȱfromȱinternalȱstores.ȱTheȱalpha-2ȱreceptorȱisȱinhibitoryȱonȱitsȱtargetȱcellȱbyȱreducingȱtheȱlevelȱof cAMP.ȱBeta-1ȱreceptorsȱareȱstimulatingȱand/orȱleadȱtoȱincreasedȱenergyȱconsumption.ȱTheyȱactivate cellularȱenzymes.ȱBeta-2ȱreceptorsȱinhibitȱactivityȱorȱproduceȱrelaxationȱinȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells.ȱThey operateȱthroughȱenzymeȱactivation. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Whatȱeffectȱwouldȱcuttingȱtheȱvagusȱnerveȱbranchȱthatȱinnervatesȱtheȱstomachȱhaveȱonȱgastricȱfunction? Answer: Theȱvagusȱnerveȱcarriesȱparasympatheticȱpreganglionicȱfibersȱtoȱmanyȱorgansȱwithinȱtheȱventralȱcavity, includingȱtheȱdigestiveȱorgans.ȱItȱstimulatesȱgastricȱmotilityȱandȱsecretionȱofȱacidȱandȱenzymes. Removingȱtheȱvagusȱinnervationȱwillȱeliminateȱparasympatheticȱstimulation,ȱleavingȱonlyȱsympathetic innervation,ȱwhichȱisȱinhibitory.ȱThisȱprocedureȱwillȱthusȱgreatlyȱreduceȱgastricȱactivity.ȱHormonal stimulationȱwillȱremainȱbutȱhigherȱcentersȱwillȱnoȱlongerȱinfluenceȱsecretionȱofȱgastricȱjuice. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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5) Mr.ȱMartinȱisȱsufferingȱfromȱaȱconditionȱknownȱasȱventricularȱtachycardia,ȱinȱwhichȱhisȱheartȱbeatsȱtooȱquickly. Wouldȱanȱalpha-blockerȱorȱaȱbeta-blockerȱhelpȱalleviateȱhisȱproblem?ȱWhy? Answer: Youȱwouldȱwantȱtoȱuseȱaȱbeta-blocker,ȱbecauseȱtheȱstimulationȱofȱbeta-1ȱreceptorsȱincreasesȱheartȱrate. Byȱblockingȱtheseȱreceptors,ȱparasympatheticȱinfluenceȱwillȱpredominateȱandȱtheȱheartȱwillȱslowȱdown. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ17 TheȱSpecialȱSenses MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Olfactoryȱglands A) houseȱtheȱsenseȱofȱsmell. B) supportȱtheȱolfactoryȱepithelium. C) reactȱtoȱaromaticȱmolecules. D) coatȱtheȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱwithȱaȱpigmentedȱmucus. E) groupȱasȱolfactoryȱbulbs. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱmucusȱthatȱcoversȱtheȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱit A) dilutesȱpotentiallyȱdangerousȱodorants. B) dissolvesȱunwantedȱchemicalsȱandȱwashesȱthemȱaway. C) keepsȱtheȱtissueȱfreeȱofȱparticles. D) providesȱaȱmediumȱtoȱdissolveȱodorants. E) keepsȱtheȱtissueȱmoist. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Beforeȱanȱolfactoryȱreceptorȱcanȱdetectȱanȱodorant,ȱitȱhasȱto A) contactȱaȱspecializedȱolfactoryȱcell. B) bindȱtoȱreceptorsȱinȱolfactoryȱcilia. C) gateȱopenȱionȱchannels. D) respondȱtoȱappliedȱpressure. E) beȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱbulbs. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱolfactoryȱpathways,ȱexcept A) theyȱprojectȱfirstȱtoȱtheȱmamillaryȱbodiesȱandȱthenȱtoȱtheȱthalamus. B) primaryȱafferentsȱsynapseȱinȱtheȱolfactoryȱbulb. C) informationȱflowsȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱcortex,ȱhypothalamus,ȱandȱlimbicȱsystem. D) theyȱareȱtheȱonlyȱsensoryȱpathwaysȱtoȱreachȱtheȱforebrainȱwithoutȱfirstȱsynapsingȱinȱtheȱthalamus. E) theyȱexhibitȱaȱconsiderableȱamountȱofȱconvergence. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Someȱneuralȱtissuesȱretainȱstemȱcellsȱandȱthusȱtheȱcapacityȱtoȱdivideȱandȱreplaceȱlostȱneurons.ȱWhichȱofȱthese specialȱsensesȱcanȱreplaceȱitsȱdamagedȱneuralȱreceptors? A) olfaction B) audition C) equilibrium D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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6) Gustatoryȱreceptorsȱareȱlocated A) inȱtheȱeye. B) inȱtheȱear. C) onȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱtongue. D) inȱtheȱnose. E) onȱtheȱskin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱfunctionȱofȱgustatoryȱreceptorsȱparallelsȱthatȱof A) lightȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱeye. B) mechanoreceptorsȱinȱtheȱear. C) olfactoryȱreceptors. D) lamellatedȱcorpuscles. E) Meissnerȱcorpuscles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Olfactoryȱreceptorsȱsendȱaxonsȱthroughȱtheȱcribriformȱplate.ȱTheyȱsynapseȱonȱneuronsȱinȱthe A) medullaȱoblongata. B) medialȱgeniculate. C) cerebralȱcortex. D) olfactoryȱbulb. E) olfactoryȱtract. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱlargestȱnumbersȱofȱtasteȱbudsȱinȱadultsȱareȱassociatedȱwithȱthe A) pharynx. B) larynx. C) filiformȱpapillae. D) fungiformȱpapillae. E) circumvallateȱpapillae. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Tasteȱbudsȱareȱmonitoredȱbyȱcranialȱnerves A) IX,ȱX,ȱXI. B) VII,ȱVIII,ȱIX. C) VII,ȱIX,ȱX. D) V,ȱVII,ȱIX. E) IX,ȱXI,ȱXII. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱlacrimalȱglands,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) produceȱaȱstronglyȱhypertonicȱfluid. B) produceȱmostȱofȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱtears. C) produceȱlysozyme. D) produceȱwatery,ȱslightlyȱalkalineȱsecretions. E) areȱlocatedȱinȱrecessesȱinȱtheȱfrontalȱbones. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱfibrousȱtunicȱofȱtheȱeye,ȱexcept thatȱit A) consistsȱofȱtheȱsclera,ȱlimbus,ȱandȱcornea. B) providesȱmechanicalȱsupportȱandȱsomeȱprotectionȱforȱtheȱeye. C) producesȱaqueousȱhumor. D) contributesȱsubstantialȱfocusingȱpower. E) isȱwhereȱextrinsicȱeyeȱmusclesȱinsert. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱofȱtheȱvascularȱtunicȱofȱtheȱeye? A) providesȱaȱrouteȱforȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱlymphaticsȱthatȱsupplyȱtissuesȱofȱtheȱeye B) regulatesȱtheȱamountȱofȱlightȱenteringȱtheȱeye C) secretesȱandȱreabsorbsȱtheȱaqueousȱhumor D) controlsȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlens E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱpalpebrae A) areȱcontrolledȱbyȱcranialȱnerves. B) containȱtarsalȱglands. C) coverȱandȱprotectȱtheȱeye. D) supportȱtheȱlateralȱrectusȱmusclesȱofȱtheȱeye. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱpalpebraeȱareȱconnectedȱatȱthe A) eyelids. B) lateralȱandȱmedialȱcanthus. C) lacrimalȱcaruncle. D) chalazion. E) conjunctiva. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Aȱstructureȱthatȱisȱlocatedȱatȱtheȱmedialȱcanthusȱandȱcontainsȱglandsȱthatȱcontributeȱtoȱaȱgrittyȱdepositȱisȱthe A) palpebra. B) lacrimalȱcaruncle. C) chalazion. D) Meibomianȱgland. E) conjunctiva. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱproducesȱaȱlipid-richȱsecretionȱthatȱpreventsȱtheȱupperȱandȱlowerȱeyelidsȱfromȱsticking togetherȱatȱtheirȱedges? A) palpebra B) lacrimalȱcaruncle C) chalazion D) tarsalȱgland E) conjunctiva Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱvitreousȱbody A) fillsȱtheȱposteriorȱcavity. B) helpsȱtoȱstabilizeȱtheȱeyeȱandȱgiveȱphysicalȱsupportȱtoȱtheȱretina. C) isȱreplacedȱatȱtheȱrateȱofȱ20ȱpercentȱperȱyearȱuntilȱmiddleȱage. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱ________ȱcoversȱmostȱofȱtheȱexposedȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱeye. A) conjunctiva B) cornea C) iris D) anteriorȱchamber E) canthus Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱtransparentȱportionȱofȱtheȱfibrousȱtunicȱisȱthe A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) iris. D) pupil. E) canthus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱeyeȱthatȱdeterminesȱeyeȱcolorȱisȱthe A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) iris. D) pupil. E) canalȱofȱSchlemm. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱopeningȱinȱtheȱirisȱthroughȱwhichȱlightȱpassesȱisȱthe A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) pupil. D) anteriorȱchamber. E) posteriorȱchamber. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱcorneaȱandȱtheȱirisȱisȱthe A) anteriorȱcavity. B) posteriorȱcavity. C) canalȱofȱSchlemm. D) aqueousȱhumor. E) pupil. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱirisȱandȱciliaryȱbodyȱandȱtheȱlensȱisȱthe A) anteriorȱcavity. B) posteriorȱcavity. C) pupil. D) canalȱofȱSchlemm. E) vitreousȱbody. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Whatȱstructureȱchangesȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlensȱforȱfarȱandȱnearȱvision? A) aqueousȱhumor B) ciliaryȱbody C) iris D) extrinsicȱeyeȱmuscles E) none,ȱbecauseȱtheȱlensȱisȱrigid Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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26) Theȱneuralȱtunic A) containsȱganglionȱcells. B) containsȱtheȱphotoreceptorȱcells. C) producesȱtheȱvitreousȱhumor. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱhumanȱlensȱfocusesȱlightȱonȱtheȱphotoreceptorȱcellsȱby A) movingȱupȱandȱdown. B) movingȱinȱandȱout. C) changingȱshape. D) openingȱandȱclosing. E) dilatingȱandȱconstricting. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlensȱisȱcontrolledȱbyȱthe A) pupillaryȱsphincterȱmuscles. B) pupillaryȱradialȱmuscles. C) ciliaryȱmuscles. D) iris. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Inȱtheȱhumanȱeye,ȱmostȱrefractionȱoccursȱwhenȱlightȱpassesȱthroughȱthe A) iris. B) cornea. C) lens. D) aqueousȱhumor. E) vitreousȱhumor. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱciliaryȱmuscleȱcontractsȱto A) controlȱtheȱamountȱofȱlightȱreachingȱtheȱretina. B) adjustȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlensȱforȱdistantȱvision. C) adjustȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlensȱforȱnearȱvision. D) controlȱtheȱproductionȱofȱaqueousȱhumor. E) adjustȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱcorneaȱandȱvitreous. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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31) Thereȱareȱthreeȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱcones,ȱeachȱoneȱsensitiveȱtoȱdifferentȱlightȱenergies.ȱTheseȱconesȱare designated A) red,ȱyellow,ȱblue. B) red,ȱgreen,ȱblue. C) red,ȱgreen,ȱyellow. D) yellow,ȱred,ȱblue. E) red,ȱwhite,ȱblue. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Anȱareaȱofȱtheȱretinaȱthatȱcontainsȱonlyȱconesȱandȱisȱtheȱsiteȱofȱsharpestȱvisionȱisȱthe A) outerȱsegment. B) innerȱsegment. C) fovea. D) opticȱdisc. E) tapetumȱlucidum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Anȱelongateȱouterȱsegmentȱcontainingȱmembranousȱdiscsȱandȱaȱnarrowȱconnectingȱstalkȱthatȱattachesȱtheȱouter segmentȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱsegmentȱdescribes A) aȱbipolarȱcell. B) aȱphotoreceptor. C) aȱganglionȱcell. D) anȱamacrineȱcell. E) aȱhorizontalȱcell. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Whenȱallȱthreeȱconeȱpopulationsȱareȱstimulatedȱequally,ȱweȱperceive A) red. B) blue. C) green. D) white. E) blackness. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱfirstȱstepȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱphotoreceptionȱis A) theȱbleachingȱofȱrods. B) theȱbleachingȱofȱcones. C) absorptionȱofȱaȱphotonȱbyȱaȱvisualȱpigment. D) inhibitionȱofȱtheȱsodiumȱpumps. E) releaseȱofȱneurotransmitter. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Visualȱpigmentsȱareȱderivativesȱofȱtheȱcompound A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) AȱpigmentȱsynthesizedȱfromȱvitaminȱAȱis A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱfollowingȱstepsȱoccurȱinȱrodsȱwhenȱtheyȱareȱexcitedȱbyȱphotonsȱofȱlight. 1.ȱMembraneȱsodiumȱchannelsȱclose. 2.ȱIncreasedȱphosphodiesteraseȱbreaksȱdownȱcGMP. 3.ȱRetinalȱchangesȱfromȱtheȱ11-cisȱformȱtoȱtheȱ11-transȱform. 4.ȱTheȱmembraneȱhyperpolarizesȱandȱtheȱrateȱofȱneurotransmitterȱreleaseȱdeclines. 5.ȱOpsinȱactivatesȱtransducin. 6.ȱOpsinȱactivationȱoccurs. Theȱproperȱsequenceȱforȱtheseȱstepsȱis A) 1,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ3. B) 3,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ2,ȱ1,ȱ4. C) 6,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ2,ȱ1,ȱ4. D) 3,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ4. E) 1,ȱ3,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ6,ȱ2. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱvisionȱisȱfalse?ȱ A) Approximatelyȱhalfȱofȱtheȱfibersȱinȱeachȱopticȱnerveȱcrossȱtoȱoppositeȱsidesȱofȱtheȱbrainȱatȱtheȱoptic chiasm. B) Fibersȱofȱtheȱopticȱnerveȱsynapseȱatȱtheȱlateralȱgeniculatesȱofȱtheȱthalamus. C) Theȱimageȱthatȱisȱformedȱonȱtheȱretinaȱisȱinverted. D) Theȱentireȱretinaȱreceivesȱequalȱrepresentationȱinȱtheȱvisualȱcortex. E) Theȱvisualȱcortexȱofȱtheȱbrainȱreceivesȱtheȱentireȱfieldȱofȱvision. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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40) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱaboutȱrhodopsin? A) calledȱvisualȱpurple B) isȱbleachedȱduringȱphotoreception C) isȱtheȱvisualȱpigmentȱinȱrods D) consistsȱofȱopsinȱ+ȱretinal E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱexternalȱearȱendsȱatȱthe A) vestibule. B) cochlea. C) ossicles. D) tympanicȱmembrane. E) pinna. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱauditoryȱossiclesȱconnectȱthe A) tympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindow. B) tympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow. C) ovalȱwindowȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow. D) stapediusȱtoȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane. E) otitisȱtoȱtheȱmedia. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱvibrationsȱreceivedȱbyȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱareȱtransferredȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱbyȱthe A) auditoryȱossicles. B) cochlea. C) ovalȱwindow. D) tensorȱtympani. E) stapediusȱmuscle. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

44) Theȱmiddleȱearȱcommunicatesȱwithȱtheȱnasopharynxȱthroughȱthe A) auricle. B) membranousȱlabyrinth. C) bonyȱlabyrinth. D) auditoryȱtube. E) auditoryȱmeatus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Theȱsensesȱofȱequilibriumȱandȱhearingȱareȱprovidedȱbyȱreceptorsȱofȱthe A) membranousȱendolymph. B) organȱofȱSchlemm. C) innerȱear. D) bonyȱlabyrinth. E) perilymph. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) TheȱstructureȱthatȱoverliesȱtheȱorganȱofȱCortiȱisȱthe A) basilarȱmembrane. B) tectorialȱmembrane. C) stapedius. D) perilymph. E) endolymph. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) TheȱstructureȱthatȱsupportsȱtheȱorganȱofȱCortiȱisȱthe A) tectorialȱmembrane. B) basilarȱmembrane. C) membranousȱlabyrinth. D) vestibularȱduct. E) tympanicȱmembrane. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Gravityȱandȱlinearȱaccelerationȱareȱsensedȱinȱthe A) semicircularȱcanals. B) cochlea. C) statoconia. D) sacculeȱandȱutricle. E) organȱofȱCorti. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Whenȱanȱexternalȱforceȱbendsȱtheȱstereociliaȱofȱtheȱinnerȱearȱhairȱcells, A) theȱforceȱisȱconvertedȱintoȱmechanicalȱenergy. B) theȱhairȱcellsȱareȱtemporarilyȱdamaged. C) thereȱisȱaȱchangeȱinȱtheȱtransmembraneȱpotentialȱofȱtheȱhairȱcells. D) dizzinessȱresults. E) theȱcellsȱbecomeȱunresponsive. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Theȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱofȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanalsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) saccules. B) ampullae. C) perilymph. D) utricles. E) cupulas. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Movementȱofȱtheȱendolymphȱinȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanals A) producesȱaȱrushingȱsound. B) allowsȱusȱtoȱhearȱlowȱtones. C) signalsȱrotationalȱmovements. D) signalsȱbodyȱpositionȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱgravity. E) signalsȱlinearȱacceleration. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱutricleȱandȱsacculeȱareȱclusteredȱin A) ampullae. B) cristae. C) cupulae. D) maculae. E) otoconia. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Perceptionȱofȱgravityȱandȱlinearȱaccelerationȱdependsȱon A) changesȱinȱtheȱpressureȱexertedȱbyȱtheȱcupulaȱonȱhairȱcells. B) vibrationsȱofȱtheȱtectorialȱmembraneȱstrikingȱhairȱcells. C) theȱforceȱexertedȱbyȱotolithsȱonȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱmaculae. D) theȱmovementȱofȱendolymphȱwithinȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanals. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱstapes? A) movesȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapediusȱmuscleȱcontracts B) auditoryȱossicleȱattachedȱtoȱtympanicȱmembrane C) bendingȱitȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) necessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealsȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Soundȱwavesȱareȱconvertedȱintoȱmechanicalȱmovementsȱbyȱthe A) auditoryȱossicles. B) cochlea. C) ovalȱwindow. D) roundȱwindow. E) tympanicȱmembrane. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Theȱfrequencyȱofȱaȱperceivedȱsoundȱdependsȱon A) theȱfrequencyȱofȱstereociliaȱvibration. B) theȱnumberȱofȱhairȱcellsȱthatȱareȱstimulated. C) whichȱpartȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱisȱstimulated. D) theȱmovementȱofȱperilymphȱinȱtheȱcochlearȱduct. E) theȱfrequencyȱofȱvibrationȱofȱtheȱtectorialȱmembrane. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱtheȱstepsȱthatȱoccurȱinȱtheȱproductionȱofȱanȱauditoryȱsensation. 1.ȱTheȱpressureȱwaveȱdistortsȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱonȱitsȱwayȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow. 2.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱcausesȱdisplacementȱofȱtheȱmalleus. 3.ȱDisplacementȱofȱtheȱstereociliaȱstimulatesȱsensoryȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱnerve. 4.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱmalleusȱcausesȱmovementȱofȱtheȱincusȱandȱstapes. 5.ȱDistortionȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱforcesȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱorganȱofȱCortiȱtowardȱorȱawayȱfromȱthe tectorialȱmembrane. 6.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱestablishesȱpressureȱwavesȱinȱtheȱperilymphȱofȱtheȱvestibularȱduct. Theȱproperȱsequenceȱforȱtheseȱstepsȱis A) 2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ3. B) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ1. C) 2,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ3. D) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ3. E) 2,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ3. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱcellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcochleaȱformȱtheȱ________ȱganglion. A) vestibular B) spiral C) cochlear D) acoustic E) auditory Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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59) Theȱvestibularȱnucleiȱatȱtheȱboundaryȱofȱtheȱponsȱandȱtheȱmedullaȱfunctionȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱthat they A) integrateȱtheȱvestibularȱinformationȱarrivingȱfromȱeachȱsideȱofȱtheȱhead. B) relayȱvestibularȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcerebellum. C) relayȱvestibularȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex. D) sendȱcommandsȱtoȱmotorȱnucleiȱinȱtheȱbrainȱstemȱandȱspinalȱcord. E) sendȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱvestibularȱcomplexȱofȱtheȱinnerȱear. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱstereocilia? A) moveȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) bendingȱtheseȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) tinyȱweightsȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱlaminaȱpropriaȱofȱtheȱolfactoryȱorgan? A) areolarȱtissue B) bloodȱvessels C) nerves D) olfactoryȱglands E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Aȱnormal,ȱrelaxedȱinhalationȱcarriesȱaboutȱ________ȱofȱtheȱinhaledȱairȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱorgans. A) 50ȱpercent B) 8ȱpercent C) 2ȱpercent D) 35ȱpercent E) 10ȱpercent Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Tasteȱreceptorsȱareȱdistributedȱinȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱplaces? A) portionsȱofȱtheȱlarynx B) surfaceȱofȱtheȱtongue C) portionsȱofȱtheȱpharynx D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) onlyȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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64) Anȱadultȱhasȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱtasteȱbuds. A) 30 B) 3000 C) 300,000 D) 300 E) 30,000 Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcomposeȱtheȱepithelialȱprojectionsȱfoundȱonȱtheȱtongue,ȱ exceptȱ A) fungiformȱpapillae. B) circumvallateȱpapillae. C) filiformȱpapillae. D) gustatoryȱpapillae. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Tasteȱbudsȱareȱmonitoredȱbyȱwhichȱcranialȱnerve(s)? A) glossopharyngealȱnerveȱ(IX) B) vagusȱnerveȱ(X) C) facialȱnerveȱ(VII) D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) onlyȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Aȱpatientȱwhoȱexperiencedȱheadȱtraumaȱhasȱlostȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱtasteȱspicyȱfood.ȱYouȱshouldȱexpectȱdamageȱto cranialȱnerveȱ________. A) VII B) III C) IX D) V E) XII Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱsixȱprimaryȱtasteȱsensations? A) sweet B) peppery C) sour D) salty E) umami Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

Pageȱ436 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

69) Theȱtasteȱsensationȱthatȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱglutamateȱisȱknownȱas A) sweet. B) umami. C) salty. D) peppery. E) sour. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Olfactoryȱinformationȱisȱfirstȱreceivedȱbyȱwhichȱpartȱofȱtheȱbrain? A) frontalȱlobe B) cerebellum C) parietalȱlobe D) cerebrum E) medullaȱoblongata Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Aȱrayȱofȱlightȱenteringȱtheȱeyeȱwillȱencounterȱtheseȱstructuresȱinȱwhichȱorder? A) conjunctivaȱ ȱcorneaȱ ȱaqueousȱhumorȱ lensȱ vitreousȱbodyȱ retinaȱ ȱchoroid B) vitreousȱbodyȱ ȱretinaȱ ȱchoroidsȱ aqueousȱhumorȱ lensȱ conjunctivaȱ ȱcornea C) corneaȱ ȱaqueousȱhumorȱ ȱvitreousȱbodyȱ lensȱ conjunctivaȱ choroidsȱ ȱretina D) conjunctivaȱ ȱcorneaȱ ȱlensȱ ȱaqueousȱhumorȱ vitreousȱbodyȱ retinaȱ ȱchoroid E) corneaȱ ȱaqueousȱhumorȱ ȱconjunctivaȱ lensȱ vitreousȱbodyȱ retinaȱ ȱchoroid Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱretinaȱisȱTRUE? A) GanglionȱcellsȱsendȱaxonsȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱasȱcranialȱnerveȱII. B) Axonsȱcarryingȱitsȱoutputȱsynapseȱinȱtheȱthalamus. C) Itȱhasȱphotoreceptorsȱthatȱdoȱnotȱrespondȱtoȱdimȱlight. D) Itȱhasȱphotoreceptorsȱthatȱdoȱnotȱrespondȱtoȱredȱlight. E) Allȱofȱtheȱaboveȱareȱtrue. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱaqueousȱhumor? A) gelatinousȱfluidȱthatȱfillsȱanteriorȱchamber B) secretedȱinȱbrightȱlight C) excessiveȱproductionȱmayȱleadȱtoȱglaucoma D) convertsȱtoȱvitreousȱhumorȱwithȱage E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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74) Aȱstyȱ________ A) isȱoftenȱcausedȱbyȱbacteria. B) isȱaȱpainfulȱswellingȱinȱanȱeyelash. C) mayȱinvolveȱaȱsebaceousȱgland. D) mayȱinvolveȱaȱtarsalȱgland. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtears? A) lubricateȱtheȱeye B) washȱawayȱdebris C) provideȱoxygen D) nourishȱtheȱcorneaȱandȱconjunctiva E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) Theȱ________ȱearȱcollectsȱsoundsȱwavesȱandȱtransmitsȱthemȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱear,ȱwhichȱcontainsȱauditory ossicles A) inner;ȱmiddle B) outer;ȱmiddle C) outer;ȱinner D) middle;ȱinner E) eitherȱBȱorȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱexternalȱacousticȱmeatusȱendsȱat A) theȱtympanicȱmembrane. B) theȱeardrum. C) theȱtympanum. D) A,ȱB,ȱorȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Whichȱofȱtheseȱanatomicalȱsequencesȱisȱcorrect? A) tympanumNincusNmalleusNstapesNovalȱwindowNroundȱwindow B) tympanumNincusNmalleusNstapesNroundȱwindowNovalȱwindow C) tympanumNmalleusNincusNstapesNovalȱwindowNroundȱwindow D) tympanumNincusNstapesNmalleusNovalȱwindowNroundȱwindow E) tympanumNmalleusNincusNstapesNroundȱwindowNovalȱwindow Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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79) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱbasilarȱmembrane? A) movesȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitsȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) supportsȱtheȱolfactoryȱorgan D) tinyȱductȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) coversȱoverȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Theȱ________ȱconveysȱinformationȱaboutȱheadȱpositionȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱgravity. A) cochlea B) utricle C) ampulla D) saccule E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

81) Theȱcorneaȱisȱpartȱofȱthe A) fibrousȱtunic. B) iris. C) neuralȱtunic. D) uvea. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Theȱgelatinousȱmaterialȱthatȱgivesȱtheȱeyeballȱitsȱbasicȱshapeȱisȱthe A) vitreousȱhumor. B) aqueousȱhumor. C) oraȱserrata. D) perilymph. E) posteriorȱcavity. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) PupillaryȱmuscleȱgroupsȱareȱcontrolledȱbyȱtheȱANS.ȱParasympatheticȱactivationȱcausesȱpupillaryȱ________,ȱand sympatheticȱactivationȱcausesȱ________. A) dilation;ȱconstriction B) dilation;ȱdilation C) constriction;ȱdilation D) constriction;ȱconstriction E) vasoconstriction;ȱvasoconstriction Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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84) Ifȱyourȱvisionȱisȱ20/15,ȱthisȱmeansȱthatȱyouȱcan A) seeȱ20-pointȱtypeȱatȱ15ȱfeet. B) seeȱobjectsȱatȱ20ȱfeetȱthatȱindividualsȱwithȱnormalȱeyesightȱcanȱseeȱatȱ15ȱfeet. C) seeȱobjectsȱatȱ15ȱfeetȱthatȱindividualsȱwithȱeyeȱproblemsȱseeȱatȱ20ȱfeet. D) seeȱallȱ15ȱeyeȱchartȱlettersȱfromȱ20ȱfeet. E) seeȱobjectsȱthatȱareȱ20ȱfeetȱorȱlessȱaway. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Theȱquantityȱofȱneurotransmitterȱthatȱisȱreleasedȱbyȱaȱhairȱcell A) respondsȱtoȱalmostȱanyȱmechanicalȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱhairȱcell. B) isȱsensitiveȱtoȱwhichȱwayȱstereociliaȱareȱbentȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱtheȱkinocilium. C) determinesȱifȱaȱsensoryȱneuronȱwillȱbeȱexcited. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

86) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱossicles? A) moveȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) bendingȱtheseȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) tinyȱweightsȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Aȱsoundȱwithȱaȱfrequencyȱofȱ12,000ȱhertzȱwould A) beȱveryȱloud. B) beȱbarelyȱaudible. C) beȱhigh-pitched. D) beȱlow-pitched. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Aȱloudȱnoiseȱcausesȱ A) aȱlargeȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane. B) anȱalertingȱreactionȱleadingȱtoȱsympatheticȱactivation. C) reflexȱcontractionsȱofȱmiddleȱearȱmuscles. D) aȱbigȱpressureȱpulseȱenteringȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱatȱthatȱovalȱwindow. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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89) Aȱsuddenȱriseȱofȱroomȱbrightnessȱwouldȱcause A) contractionȱofȱtheȱsphincterȱpupillaryȱmuscles. B) contractionȱofȱtheȱradialȱpupillaryȱmuscles. C) conversionȱofȱ11-transȱtoȱ11-cisȱretinal. D) aȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱsizeȱofȱtheȱpupil. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Whyȱdoȱthingsȱlookȱblurryȱunderwaterȱwithoutȱdiveȱgogglesȱorȱmask? A) Theȱwaterȱmagnifiesȱtheȱimageȱbecauseȱitȱisȱdenserȱthanȱtheȱlensȱofȱtheȱeye. B) Lightȱmovesȱmoreȱslowlyȱthroughȱtheȱwater,ȱcausingȱimagesȱtoȱappearȱlargerȱandȱcloser. C) Ratherȱthanȱair,ȱlightȱisȱmovingȱfromȱwaterȱintoȱtheȱcorneaȱandȱisȱthusȱrefractedȱtooȱlittleȱforȱaȱsharp focus. D) Theȱcorneaȱdoesȱnotȱfunctionȱinȱwater,ȱcausingȱtheȱimageȱtoȱappearȱlargerȱandȱcloser. E) Lightȱwavesȱareȱscatteredȱbyȱtheȱwaterȱbeforeȱreachingȱtheȱeye,ȱcausingȱtheȱimageȱtoȱappearȱblurryȱand unsharp. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱwouldȱtheȱfocalȱdistanceȱbeȱgreater?ȱ A) anȱobjectȱ10ȱinchesȱawayȱfromȱyourȱnose B) anȱobjectȱ20ȱfeetȱaway Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱwouldȱtheȱfocalȱdistanceȱbeȱgreater?ȱ A) aȱroundȱlens B) aȱflatȱlens Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

93) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱapplies/applyȱtoȱtheȱtermȱmyopia? A) nearsightedness B) correctedȱwithȱdivergingȱlens C) imageȱfocusedȱinȱfrontȱofȱretina D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

Pageȱ441 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

94) Whenȱaȱrodȱisȱstimulatedȱbyȱlight, A) theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱbecomesȱhyperpolarized. B) theȱretinalȱchangesȱfromȱtheȱ11-cis toȱtheȱ11-trans form. C) lessȱneurotransmitterȱisȱreleased. D) cGMPȱdecreasesȱandȱsodiumȱchannelsȱclose. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Inȱtheȱlight-adaptedȱstate, A) photoreceptorsȱareȱmuchȱmoreȱsensitiveȱtoȱstimulation. B) photoreceptorsȱareȱmuchȱlessȱsensitiveȱtoȱstimulation. C) weȱcanȱonlyȱseeȱcolor,ȱandȱnotȱblackȱandȱwhite. D) weȱwouldȱseeȱbetterȱinȱtheȱdark. E) colorsȱareȱdull. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) HowȱwouldȱaȱmoleculeȱthatȱmimicsȱcAMPȱaffectȱanȱolfactoryȱreceptor? A) Itȱwouldȱincreaseȱsodiumȱpermeability. B) Itȱwouldȱopenȱchemicallyȱgatedȱsodiumȱchannels. C) Itȱwouldȱdepolarizeȱtheȱolfactoryȱreceptor. D) Itȱcouldȱtriggerȱanȱafferentȱactionȱpotential. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

97) Stimulationȱofȱnociceptiveȱreceptorsȱwithinȱtheȱtrigeminalȱnerveȱmightȱproduceȱaȱperceptionȱof A) intenselyȱsweet. B) intenselyȱsour. C) quiteȱsalty. D) pepperyȱhot. E) decidedlyȱbitter. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

98) Underȱwhichȱconditionȱwouldȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱneurotransmitterȱbyȱphotoreceptorsȱbeȱgreatest? A) underȱnormalȱroomȱlight B) inȱaȱpitch-blackȱroomȱafterȱ30ȱminutes C) immediatelyȱafterȱgoingȱoutsideȱinȱbrightȱsunlight D) focusingȱintentlyȱonȱaȱcloseȱobject E) focusingȱintentlyȱonȱaȱdistantȱobject Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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99) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱotoliths? A) moveȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) bendingȱtheseȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) tinyȱweightsȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

100) Inȱtheȱretina,ȱtheȱcorrectȱsequenceȱofȱneuralȱwiringȱis A) rodNbipolarȱcellNMȱcellNthalamus B) coneNbipolarȱcellNPȱcellsNinferiorȱcolliculus C) coneNbipolarȱcellNhorizontalȱcellNPȱcell D) rodNbipolarȱcellNPȱcellNthalamus E) rodNbipolarȱcellNamacrineȱcellNMȱcell Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ17- 1ȱTheȱSectionalȱAnatomyȱofȱtheȱEye Pageȱ443 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

UseȱFigureȱ17- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 101) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) choroid B) opticȱdisc C) sclera D) retina E) cornea Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ14.Ȉ A) pupil B) opticȱdisc C) sclera D) fovea E) suspensoryȱligaments Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) IdentifyȱtheȱspaceȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) posteriorȱcavity B) posteriorȱchamber C) pupil D) anteriorȱcavity E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) suspensoryȱligaments B) opticȱdisc C) sclera D) fovea E) pupil Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) pupil B) opticȱdisc C) sclera D) fovea E) retina Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

Pageȱ444 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

Figureȱ17- 2ȱTheȱEar UseȱFigureȱ17- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 106) IdentifyȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) cochlea B) auditoryȱossicles C) auricle D) tympanicȱmembrane E) vestibule Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Whichȱstructureȱcontainsȱtheȱreceptorsȱforȱhearing? A) 6 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10 E) 11 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

Pageȱ445 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

108) Whichȱstructureȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱvestibule? A) 6 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10 E) 11 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Identifyȱtheȱstructureȱthatȱisȱcoveredȱupȱbyȱtheȱstapes. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

110) IdentifyȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) cochlea B) semicircularȱcanals C) auricle D) tympanicȱmembrane E) vestibule Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Olfactoryȱorgansȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱperforatedȱbonyȱstructureȱknownȱasȱthe ________. Answer: cribriformȱplateȱ(ethmoidȱbone) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱolfactoryȱorganȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱ________ȱandȱtheȱlaminaȱpropria. Answer: olfactoryȱepithelium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱisȱsensitiveȱtoȱmoreȱthanȱ________ȱdifferentȱȈprimaryȱsmells.Ȉ Answer: 50 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Gustatoryȱreceptorsȱareȱclusteredȱinȱindividualȱ________. Answer: tasteȱbuds Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

Pageȱ446 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

5) Eachȱgustatoryȱcellȱextendsȱȱ________ȱ(orȱtasteȱhairs)ȱintoȱtheȱsurroundingȱfluidsȱthroughȱaȱnarrowȱtasteȱpore. Answer: microvilli Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Tasteȱbudsȱonȱtheȱtongueȱareȱoftenȱassociatedȱwithȱepithelialȱprojectionsȱcalledȱ________. Answer: lingualȱpapillae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Aȱtypicalȱgustatoryȱcellȱsurvivesȱforȱonlyȱaboutȱ________ȱdaysȱbeforeȱitȱisȱreplaced. Answer: 10 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱglandsȱareȱmodifiedȱsebaceousȱglandsȱlocatedȱalongȱtheȱmarginȱofȱtheȱeyelidȱthatȱsecreteȱaȱlipid -rich product. Answer: Tarsalȱ(orȱMeibomian) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱanȱinfectionȱinȱoneȱofȱtheȱglandsȱonȱtheȱeyelids. Answer: sty Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱabnormalityȱthatȱdevelopsȱwhenȱaȱlensȱlosesȱitsȱtransparencyȱisȱknownȱasȱaȱ________. Answer: cataract Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) ________ȱcellsȱconnectȱphotoreceptorsȱtoȱganglionȱcells. Answer: Bipolar Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) ________ȱandȱamacrineȱcellsȱfacilitateȱorȱinhibitȱcommunicationȱbetweenȱphotoreceptorsȱandȱganglionȱcells. Answer: Horizontal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) ________ȱcellsȱadjustȱsensitivitiesȱatȱtheȱsynapsesȱbetweenȱbipolarȱandȱganglionȱcells. Answer: Amacrine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Whenȱlightȱencountersȱaȱmediumȱofȱdifferentȱdensity,ȱitȱisȱbentȱorȱ________. Answer: refracted Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱvisibleȱspectrumȱforȱhumansȱextendsȱbetweenȱaȱwavelengthȱofȱ400ȱnmȱandȱ________ȱnm. Answer: 700 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱbasicȱunitȱorȱpacketȱofȱlightȱenergy. Answer: photon Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱvisualȱreceptorsȱofȱtheȱretinaȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: photoreceptors Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) ________ȱareȱphotoreceptorȱcellsȱthatȱareȱmostȱusefulȱinȱdimȱlight. Answer: Rods Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) ________ȱareȱphotoreceptorsȱthatȱconveyȱourȱabilityȱtoȱseeȱcolor. Answer: Cones Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Peopleȱunableȱtoȱdistinguishȱcertainȱcolorsȱhaveȱaȱformȱofȱ________. Answer: colorȱblindness Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Whenȱ________,ȱtheȱvisualȱsystemȱbecomesȱextremelyȱsensitiveȱtoȱstimulation. Answer: dark-adapted Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱpersonȱsufferingȱfromȱ________ȱcanȱseeȱobjectsȱthatȱareȱclose,ȱbutȱdistantȱobjectsȱappearȱblurred. Answer: myopia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Aȱpersonȱsufferingȱfromȱ________ȱcanȱseeȱdistantȱobjectsȱmoreȱclearlyȱthanȱthoseȱthatȱareȱclose. Answer: hyperopia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) ________ȱisȱaȱtypeȱofȱfarsightednessȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱaȱlossȱofȱlensȱelasticityȱwithȱage. Answer: Presbyopia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱolfactoryȱreceptorsȱareȱhighlyȱmodifiedȱ________. Answer: neurons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

26) Anȱirregularityȱinȱcurvatureȱinȱtheȱcorneaȱorȱlensȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________ȱcausesȱaȱreductionȱinȱvisualȱacuity. Answer: astigmatism Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Soundȱtravelsȱtoȱtheȱeardrumȱthroughȱtheȱ________. Answer: externalȱauditoryȱcanal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) ________ȱglandsȱproduceȱaȱsecretionȱcommonlyȱcalledȱearwax. Answer: Ceruminous Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱelevatedȱridgesȱwithinȱtheȱampullaeȱofȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanalsȱthatȱsupportȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱareȱknownȱasȱa ________. Answer: cristae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) ________ȱfillsȱtheȱmembranousȱlabyrinth. Answer: Endolymph Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱregionȱofȱdenseȱboneȱthatȱsurroundsȱandȱprotectsȱtheȱmembranousȱlabyrinth. Answer: bonyȱlabyrinth Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) ________ȱisȱaȱfluidȱsimilarȱtoȱcerebrospinalȱfluidȱthatȱfillsȱtheȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱbonyȱlabyrinthȱandȱthe membranousȱlabyrinth. Answer: Perilymph Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱorganȱofȱ________. Answer: Corti Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) ________ȱdeafnessȱresultsȱfromȱconditionsȱinȱtheȱouterȱorȱmiddleȱearȱthatȱblockȱtheȱtransferȱofȱvibrationsȱfrom theȱenvironmentȱtoȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱorȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindow. Answer: Conductive Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) ________ȱdeafnessȱoccursȱbecauseȱofȱaȱproblemȱinȱtheȱcochleaȱorȱsomewhereȱalongȱtheȱauditoryȱpathway. Answer: Nerve Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Abnormalȱjumpyȱeyeȱmovementsȱthatȱmayȱappearȱafterȱbrainȱstemȱorȱinnerȱearȱdamageȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: nystagmus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Whereȱtheȱeyelidsȱjoinȱatȱtheȱmedialȱorȱlateralȱedgeȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: canthus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱsenseȱofȱtasteȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: gustation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Bowmanȱglands,ȱalsoȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________ȱglands,ȱsecreteȱaȱthick,ȱpigmentedȱmucusȱthatȱabsorbsȱwater. Answer: olfactory Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱformalȱtermȱforȱtheȱsenseȱofȱbalanceȱandȱequilibriumȱisȱtheȱ________ȱsense. Answer: vestibular Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱmembraneȱproteinsȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱchemicalȱstimuliȱtoȱproduceȱsweet,ȱbitter,ȱandȱumamiȱsensationsȱare calledȱ________. Answer: gustducins Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) ________,ȱorȱpinkeye,ȱresultsȱfromȱdamageȱtoȱorȱirritationȱofȱtheȱconjunctivalȱsurface. Answer: Conjunctivitis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

43) ________ȱsensationsȱinformȱusȱofȱtheȱpositionȱofȱtheȱheadȱinȱspaceȱbyȱmonitoringȱgravity,ȱlinearȱacceleration, andȱrotation. Answer: Vestibularȱ(orȱEquilibrium) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

44) Whenȱyouȱspinȱquickly,ȱyouȱmayȱfeelȱdizzy.ȱWhichȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱinnerȱearȱgeneratesȱtheȱsensationsȱthat canȱleadȱtoȱthisȱfeeling? Answer: semicircularȱcanal Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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45) Theȱcochlearȱreceptorsȱthatȱprovideȱourȱsenseȱofȱhearingȱareȱ________ȱcells. Answer: hair Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Theȱeyelidsȱareȱtechnicallyȱcalledȱtheȱpalpebrae. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱexternalȱacousticȱcanalȱcontainsȱhairs,ȱwhichȱincreaseȱsensitivityȱtoȱlightȱtouch. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱearȱfunctionsȱbyȱturningȱarrivingȱsoundȱwavesȱintoȱdisplacementsȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱbyȱthe amplifyingȱsystemȱprovidedȱbyȱtheȱtympanumȱandȱossicles. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Howȱwouldȱblockageȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱ(Eustachian)ȱtubeȱatȱitsȱexitȱinȱtheȱnasopharynxȱbyȱlymphaticȱtissue (ȈadenoidsȈ)ȱaffectȱearȱfunctionȱandȱhealth? Answer: Blockageȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱtubeȱleadsȱtoȱpainȱbecauseȱpressureȱcannotȱequilibrateȱbetweenȱtheȱmiddleȱear andȱtheȱatmosphere.ȱAlso,ȱfluidȱcanȱaccumulateȱ(otitisȱmedia)ȱinȱtheȱmiddleȱear,ȱwhichȱisȱalsoȱpainful andȱpotentiallyȱinfective.ȱUntreated,ȱadenoidsȱcanȱleadȱtoȱscarringȱofȱtheȱtympanumȱandȱsomeȱlossȱof hearing. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Janeȱdevelopsȱaȱcataractȱinȱoneȱeyeȱandȱgetsȱaȱvisionȱtest.ȱHerȱtestȱresultȱforȱthatȱeyeȱisȱreportedȱasȱ20/400.ȱWhat doesȱthisȱmean?ȱIsȱaȱratingȱofȱ20/20ȱbetterȱorȱworse? Answer: Aȱvisualȱacuityȱofȱ20/400ȱmeansȱthatȱJaneȱcanȱbarelyȱsee.ȱWhatȱsheȱseesȱatȱaȱ20 -footȱdistance,ȱothersȱwith normalȱvisionȱseeȱatȱ400ȱfeet.ȱNormalȱvisionȱisȱ20/20ȱvision. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Traceȱtheȱpathwayȱofȱaȱnerveȱimpulseȱfromȱtheȱeyeȱtoȱtheȱcortex. Answer: ganglionȱcellȱ ȱopticȱnerveȱ(cranialȱnerveȱI)ȱthroughȱopticȱchiasmȱ lateralȱgeniculateȱnucleusȱof thalamusȱ ȱprimaryȱvisualȱcortexȱ(occipitalȱlobe) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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4) Whatȱsixȱbasicȱstepsȱareȱinvolvedȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱhearing? Answer: (1)ȱSoundȱwavesȱarriveȱatȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane. (2)ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱcausesȱdisplacementȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱossicles. (3)ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱstapesȱatȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱestablishesȱpressureȱwavesȱinȱtheȱperilymphȱofȱthe vestibularȱduct. (4)ȱTheȱpressureȱwavesȱdistortȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱonȱtheirȱwayȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindowȱofȱtheȱtympanic duct. (5)ȱVibrationȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱcausesȱvibrationȱofȱhairȱcellsȱandȱbendingȱofȱstereociliaȱagainstȱthe tectorialȱmembrane. (6)ȱInformationȱaboutȱtheȱregionȱandȱintensityȱofȱstimulationȱisȱrelayedȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱstemȱoverȱthe cochlearȱbranchȱofȱNȱVIII. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Sallyȇsȱdriverȇsȱlicenseȱindicatesȱthatȱsheȱmustȱwearȱglassesȱwhenȱsheȱdrives.ȱSheȱdoesȱnotȱneedȱglassesȱtoȱsee objectsȱthatȱareȱclose.ȱWhatȱtypeȱofȱlensesȱareȱinȱSallyȇsȱeyeglasses?ȱHowȱdoȱtheyȱwork? Answer: Sallyȱisȱapparentlyȱnearsightedȱ(myopic)ȱandȱneedsȱdivergingȱlensesȱtoȱcorrectȱtheȱconditionȱbyȱmoving theȱfocalȱdistanceȱbackȱinȱtheȱeyeȱtoȱtheȱretina. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

6) Eachȱofȱtheȱspecialȱsensesȱcanȱbeȱexpectedȱtoȱdeclineȱinȱsomeȱwayȱoverȱtime.ȱDescribeȱsomeȱofȱtheȱchanges commonlyȱseenȱinȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱspecialȱsensesȱwithȱage. Answer: Olfactoryȱreceptorsȱareȱreducedȱinȱnumberȱandȱolfactoryȱglandsȱdeclineȱinȱactivity.ȱBothȱchangesȱreduce olfactoryȱacuity.ȱGustatoryȱsenseȱdeclinesȱwithȱaȱdeclineȱinȱtheȱnumberȱofȱtasteȱbudsȱandȱtasteȱreceptors. Visionȱsuffersȱfromȱaȱlossȱofȱretinalȱfunction,ȱcloudingȱofȱlensȱandȱcornea,ȱandȱlossȱofȱlensȱelasticity, leadingȱtoȱsenileȱhyperopiaȱ(presbyopia).ȱHearingȱdeclinesȱdueȱtoȱaccumulationȱofȱcerumen,ȱscarringȱof theȱtympanum,ȱarthritisȱofȱtheȱossicularȱchain,ȱandȱlossȱofȱproximalȱhairȱcellsȱinȱtheȱorganȱofȱCorti, leadingȱtoȱhigh-toneȱdeafness.ȱBalanceȱdeclinesȱdueȱtoȱnerveȱproblems,ȱfluidȱproblems,ȱandȱvascular problems,ȱleadingȱtoȱfaultyȱorȱdelayedȱvestibularȱinformation.ȱThatȱdeclineȱcoupledȱwithȱaȱsluggishȱand weakȱmotorȱresponseȱincreasesȱtheȱriskȱofȱfallsȱandȱconsequentȱtrauma. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ18 TheȱEndocrineȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem,ȱexcept thatȱitȱdoesnȇt A) respondȱrapidlyȱtoȱstimuli. B) respondȱspecificallyȱtoȱstimuli. C) communicateȱbyȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱneurotransmitters. D) respondȱwithȱmotorȱoutput. E) functionȱindependentlyȱofȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Endocrineȱcells A) areȱaȱtypeȱofȱnerveȱcell. B) releaseȱtheirȱsecretionsȱontoȱanȱepithelialȱsurface. C) releaseȱtheirȱsecretionsȱdirectlyȱintoȱbodyȱfluids. D) containȱfewȱvesicles. E) areȱmodifiedȱconnective-tissueȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) HormonesȱknownȱasȱȈcatecholaminesȈȱare A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) derivativesȱofȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱtyrosine. E) derivativesȱofȱreproductiveȱglands. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Peptideȱhormonesȱare A) composedȱofȱaminoȱacids. B) producedȱbyȱtheȱsuprarenalȱglands. C) derivedȱfromȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱtyrosine. D) lipids. E) chemicallyȱrelatedȱtoȱcholesterol. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱsteroidȱhormones,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) areȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱsuprarenalȱmedulla. B) areȱderivedȱfromȱcholesterol. C) areȱproducedȱbyȱreproductiveȱglands. D) bindȱtoȱreceptorsȱwithinȱtheȱcell. E) areȱlipids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱisȱanȱaminoȱacidȱderivative,ȱ exceptȱ A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroidȱhormone. D) thyroid-stimulatingȱhormone. E) melatonin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Extracellularȱmembraneȱreceptorsȱareȱusedȱbyȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱhormones? A) catecholamines B) peptideȱhormones C) eicosanoids D) thyroid E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

8) Steroidȱhormones A) areȱproteins. B) cannotȱdiffuseȱthroughȱcellȱmembranes. C) bindȱtoȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱnucleusȱofȱtheirȱtargetȱcells. D) remainȱinȱcirculationȱforȱrelativelyȱshortȱperiodsȱofȱtime. E) areȱtransportedȱinȱtheȱbloodȱdissolvedȱinȱtheȱplasma. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Whenȱaȱcatecholamineȱorȱpeptideȱhormoneȱbindsȱtoȱreceptorsȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱaȱcell,ȱthe A) hormoneȱreceptorȱcomplexȱmovesȱintoȱtheȱcytoplasm. B) cellȱmembraneȱbecomesȱdepolarized. C) secondȱmessengerȱappearsȱinȱtheȱcytoplasm. D) cellȱbecomesȱinactive. E) hormoneȱisȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱnucleusȱwhereȱitȱaltersȱtheȱactivityȱofȱDNA. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Hormonesȱcanȱbeȱdividedȱintoȱdifferentȱgroupsȱbasedȱonȱtheirȱchemistry.ȱTheseȱcategoriesȱinclude A) peptides. B) steroids. C) eicosanoids. D) aminoȱacidȱderivatives. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Hormonalȱactionsȱonȱcellsȱincludeȱthoseȱthatȱaffect A) quantitiesȱofȱenzymes. B) activitiesȱofȱenzymes. C) synthesisȱofȱenzymes. D) gatingȱofȱionȱchannels. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱlinkȱbetweenȱaȱfirstȱmessengerȱandȱaȱsecondȱmessengerȱinȱaȱcellȱthatȱrespondsȱtoȱpeptideȱhormonesȱis usually A) cAMP. B) cGMP. C) adenylȱcyclase. D) aȱGȱprotein. E) calciumȱionȱlevels. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Whenȱadenylȱcyclaseȱisȱactivated, A) ATPȱisȱconsumed. B) cAMPȱisȱformed. C) cAMPȱisȱbrokenȱdown. D) B,ȱC,ȱandȱD E) onlyȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Afterȱaȱsteroidȱhormoneȱbindsȱtoȱitsȱreceptorȱtoȱformȱanȱactiveȱcomplex, A) adenylȱcyclaseȱisȱactivated. B) cyclicȱnucleotidesȱareȱformed. C) Gȱproteinsȱareȱphosphylated. D) geneȱtranscriptionȱisȱinitiated. E) proteinȱkinasesȱareȱactivated. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

15) Theȱmostȱcomplexȱendocrineȱresponsesȱinvolveȱthe A) thyroidȱgland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenalȱglands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymusȱgland. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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16) Hormoneȱreleaseȱmayȱbeȱcontrolledȱbyȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactors? A) bloodȱlevelȱofȱanȱion-likeȱpotassium B) bloodȱlevelȱofȱglucose C) bloodȱlevelȱofȱaȱhormone D) nervousȱstimuli E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

17) Changesȱinȱbloodȱosmoticȱpressureȱwouldȱmostȱaffectȱtheȱsecretionȱof A) ACTH. B) ADH. C) oxytocin. D) TSH. E) LH. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Regulatoryȱfactorsȱthatȱcontrolȱsecretionȱofȱadenohypophysealȱhormonesȱareȱreleasedȱbyȱneuronsȱatȱthe ________ȱofȱtheȱhypothalamus. A) paraventricularȱnuclei B) supraopticȱnuclei C) medianȱeminence D) infundibulum E) geniculateȱbodies Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱhypothalamusȱcontrolsȱsecretionȱbyȱtheȱadenohypophysisȱby A) directȱneuralȱstimulation. B) indirectȱosmoticȱcontrol. C) secretingȱreleasingȱandȱinhibitingȱfactorsȱintoȱaȱtinyȱportalȱsystem. D) alteringȱionȱconcentrationsȱandȱpHȱinȱtheȱanteriorȱpituitary. E) gapȱsynapticȱjunctions. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

20) Neuronsȱofȱtheȱsupraopticȱandȱparaventricularȱnucleiȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱmanufacture A) CRFȱandȱGnRH. B) TSHȱandȱFSH. C) ADHȱandȱoxytocin. D) FSHȱandȱPRL. E) GHIHȱandȱGHRH. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Secretoryȱcellsȱofȱtheȱadenohypophysisȱrelease A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ADH. D) GH. E) allȱofȱtheȱaboveȱexceptȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱposteriorȱpituitaryȱglandȱsecretes A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) MSH. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱhormoneȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱparsȱintermediaȱofȱtheȱadenohypophysisȱduringȱearlyȱchildhoodȱis A) FSH. B) ADH. C) TSH. D) MSH. E) ACTH. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱparsȱdistalisȱofȱtheȱadenohypophysis,ȱ exceptȱ A) FSH. B) oxytocin. C) TSH. D) corticotropin. E) somatotropin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱhormoneȱoxytocin A) promotesȱuterineȱcontractions. B) isȱresponsibleȱforȱmilkȱexpressionȱfromȱtheȱmammaryȱglands. C) triggersȱprostateȱglandȱcontraction. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Growthȱhormoneȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱit A) promotesȱboneȱgrowth. B) promotesȱmuscleȱgrowth. C) causesȱfatȱaccumulationȱwithinȱadipocytes. D) isȱglucoseȱsparing. E) promotesȱaminoȱacidȱuptakeȱbyȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Liverȱcellsȱrespondȱtoȱgrowthȱhormoneȱbyȱreleasingȱhormonesȱcalled A) gonadotrophins. B) prostaglandins. C) hepaticȱhormones. D) somatomedins. E) glucocorticoids. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱtriggersȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱthyroidȱhormoneȱfromȱtheȱthyroidȱglandȱis A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱcontrolsȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱglucocorticoidsȱfromȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱis A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱpromotesȱeggȱdevelopmentȱinȱovariesȱandȱspermȱdevelopmentȱinȱtestesȱis A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱpromotesȱovarianȱsecretionȱofȱprogesteroneȱandȱtesticularȱsecretionȱofȱtestosterone is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱmilkȱproductionȱbyȱtheȱmammaryȱglandsȱis A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) growthȱhormone. D) FSH. E) prolactin. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱcellȱgrowthȱandȱreplicationȱbyȱacceleratingȱproteinȱsynthesisȱis A) ACTH. B) MSH. C) prolactin. D) insulin. E) somatotropin. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱcausesȱtheȱkidneyȱtoȱreduceȱwaterȱlossȱis A) TSH. B) FSH. C) MSH. D) STH. E) ADH. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱknownȱeffectȱofȱthyroidȱhormoneȱonȱperipheralȱtissues? A) increasedȱoxygenȱconsumption B) increasedȱheartȱrate C) increasedȱsensitivityȱtoȱadrenergicȱstimulation D) increasedȱbodyȱtemperature E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Thyroidȱhormoneȱcontainsȱtheȱelement A) fluorine. B) chlorine. C) iron. D) iodine. E) zinc. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Mentalȱandȱphysicalȱsluggishnessȱandȱlowȱbodyȱtemperatureȱmayȱbeȱsignsȱof A) hyperthyroidism. B) hypothyroidism. C) hyperparathyroidism. D) hypoparathyroidism. E) beingȱaȱturtleȱonȱice. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱplaysȱaȱpivotalȱroleȱinȱsettingȱtheȱmetabolicȱrateȱandȱthusȱimpactingȱbodyȱtemperatureȱis A) somatotropin. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) parathyroidȱhormone. E) glucagon. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱcanȱlowerȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱcalciumȱionȱis A) parathyroidȱhormone. B) thyroxine. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱconditionȱknownȱasȱgoiterȱcanȱresultȱfromȱtoo A) muchȱinsulin. B) littleȱTSH. C) muchȱACTH. D) littleȱiodineȱinȱtheȱdiet. E) littleȱglucagon. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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41) TheȱCȱcellsȱofȱtheȱthyroidȱglandȱproduce A) thyroxine. B) TSH. C) calcitonin. D) PTH. E) triiodothyronine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Increasedȱlevelsȱofȱtheȱhormoneȱ________ȱwillȱleadȱtoȱincreasedȱlevelsȱofȱcalciumȱionȱinȱtheȱblood. A) thymosin B) calcitonin C) PTH D) aldosterone E) cortisol Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱdoesȱtheȱoppositeȱofȱcalcitoninȱis A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growthȱhormone. D) parathyroidȱhormone. E) thyroidȱhormone. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) AngiotensinȱIȱisȱconvertedȱtoȱangiotensinȱIIȱbyȱconvertingȱenzymesȱinȱthe A) kidneys. B) liver. C) heart. D) lungs. E) blood. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱenzymeȱreninȱisȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱactivationȱof A) angiotensin. B) cortisol. C) erythropoietin. D) atrialȱnatriureticȱpeptide. E) adrenaline. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱparathyroidȱglandsȱproduceȱaȱhormoneȱthat A) stimulatesȱtheȱformationȱofȱwhiteȱbloodȱcells. B) increasesȱtheȱlevelȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱinȱtheȱblood. C) increasesȱtheȱlevelȱofȱsodiumȱionsȱinȱtheȱblood. D) increasesȱtheȱlevelȱofȱpotassiumȱionsȱinȱtheȱblood. E) increasesȱtheȱlevelȱofȱglucoseȱinȱtheȱblood. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱzonaȱreticularisȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱproduces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱzonaȱfasciculataȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱproduces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱzonaȱglomerulosaȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱproduces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱsuprarenalȱmedullaȱproduces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) corticosteroids. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱpromotesȱgluconeogenesis inȱtheȱliverȱis A) aldosterone. B) erythropoietin. C) thymosin. D) cortisol. E) parathormone. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱhelpsȱtoȱregulateȱtheȱsodiumȱionȱcontentȱofȱtheȱbodyȱis A) cortisol. B) parathormone. C) thymosin. D) somatotropin. E) aldosterone. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱpancreaticȱhormoneȱthatȱcausesȱbloodȱsugarȱlevelsȱtoȱfallȱis A) cortisol. B) somatotropin. C) insulin. D) glucagon. E) aldosterone. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Tooȱlittleȱsecretionȱofȱcortisolȱandȱaldosteroneȱcauses A) goiter. B) diabetesȱmellitus. C) diabetesȱinsipidus. D) Addisonȱdisease. E) Cushingȱdisease. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱisȱsynergisticȱtoȱgrowthȱhormoneȱis A) aldosterone. B) insulin. C) cortisol. D) calcitonin. E) renin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Pinealocytesȱproduce A) MSH. B) FSH. C) LH. D) melanin. E) melatonin. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Whenȱbloodȱglucoseȱlevelsȱrise, A) insulinȱisȱreleased. B) glucagonȱisȱreleased. C) peripheralȱcellsȱtakeȱupȱlessȱglucose. D) proteinȱsynthesisȱdecreases. E) peripheralȱcellsȱbreakȱdownȱglycogen. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

58) Whenȱbloodȱglucoseȱlevelsȱfall, A) insulinȱisȱreleased. B) glucagonȱisȱreleased. C) peripheralȱcellsȱtakeȱupȱmoreȱglucose. D) proteinȱsynthesisȱincreases. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Cellsȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱproduce A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) aldosterone. D) ACTH. E) angiotensin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱbetaȱcellsȱofȱtheȱpancreaticȱisletsȱproduce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptideȱP. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Theȱdeltaȱcellsȱofȱtheȱpancreaticȱisletsȱproduce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatostatin. D) cortisol. E) peptideȱP. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱofȱtheȱpinealȱgland,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) isȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱepithalamus. B) isȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱhypothalamus. C) secretesȱmelatonin. D) containsȱpinealocytes. E) respondsȱtoȱlightȱandȱdarkness. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱexocrineȱportionȱofȱtheȱpancreasȱproduces A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatotropin. D) digestiveȱenzymes. E) bile. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱpancreaticȱisletsȱ(isletsȱofȱLangerhans) A) containȱfourȱtypesȱofȱendocrineȱcells. B) makeȱupȱalmostȱhalfȱofȱtheȱpancreas. C) produceȱsomeȱdigestiveȱenzymes. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱpancreaticȱhormoneȱthatȱcausesȱbloodȱsugarȱtoȱenterȱitsȱtargetȱcellsȱis A) somatotropin. B) cortisol. C) insulin. D) glucagon. E) erythropoietin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Inabilityȱofȱtheȱpancreasȱtoȱproduceȱinsulinȱresultsȱin A) acromegaly. B) goiter. C) diabetesȱmellitus. D) diabetesȱinsipidus. E) Addisonȱdisease. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Theȱinterstitialȱcellsȱofȱtheȱtestesȱproduce A) LH. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) inhibin. E) FSH. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Follicleȱcellsȱinȱtheȱovaryȱsecreteȱ________ȱwhenȱstimulatedȱbyȱFSH. A) estrogen B) progesterone C) testosterone D) inhibin E) gonadotropins Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Aȱstructureȱknownȱasȱtheȱcorpusȱluteumȱsecretes A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E) androstenedione. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Whenȱhormonesȱinteractȱtheyȱcanȱproduceȱanyȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱkindsȱofȱeffects,ȱ except A) antagonistic. B) synergistic. C) permissive. D) integrative. E) bucolic. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) TheȱhormoneȱthatȱopposesȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱFSHȱinȱbothȱmalesȱandȱfemalesȱis A) testosterone. B) LH. C) inhibin. D) aldosterone. E) somatostatin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱhormonesȱthatȱareȱimportantȱforȱcoordinatingȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱare A) thymosins. B) corticosteroids. C) aldosterones. D) thyroxines. E) somatotropins. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Whichȱofȱtheseȱhormonesȱincreasesȱproductionȱofȱredȱbloodȱcells? A) cortisol B) erythropoietin C) thymosin D) aldosterone E) atrialȱnatriureticȱpeptide Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Properȱgrowthȱrequiresȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱhormones? A) thyroidȱhormone B) calcitriol C) insulin D) growthȱhormone E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Increasedȱaggressiveȱandȱassertiveȱbehaviorȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱanȱincreaseȱinȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱhormones? A) somatostatin B) thyroxine C) growthȱhormone D) sexȱhormones E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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76) Excessȱsecretionȱofȱgrowthȱhormoneȱduringȱearlyȱdevelopmentȱwillȱcause A) dwarfism. B) rickets. C) gigantism. D) acromegaly. E) diabetesȱinsipidus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱdominatesȱduringȱtheȱalarmȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS)ȱis A) testosterone. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) thyroidȱhormone. E) epinephrine. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Duringȱtheȱalarmȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS)ȱthereȱis A) decreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱskeletalȱmusclesȱandȱskin. B) decreasedȱmentalȱalertness. C) mobilizationȱofȱenergyȱreserves. D) increasedȱurineȱrelease. E) decreasedȱrateȱofȱrespiration. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Ifȱstressȱlastsȱlongerȱthanȱaȱfewȱhours,ȱanȱindividualȱwillȱenterȱtheȱ________ȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptation syndromeȱ(GAS). A) alarm B) resistance C) exhaustion D) extension E) prolonged Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Hormonesȱthatȱdominateȱduringȱtheȱresistanceȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS)ȱareȱthe A) mineralocorticoids. B) androgens. C) glucocorticoids. D) catecholamines. E) gonadotropins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Duringȱtheȱresistanceȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS) A) lipidȱreservesȱareȱmobilized. B) proteinsȱareȱconserved. C) bloodȱglucoseȱlevelsȱfallȱdrastically. D) levelsȱofȱgrowthȱhormoneȱdecrease. E) levelsȱofȱinsulinȱdecrease. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Theȱexhaustionȱphaseȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS)ȱisȱcharacterizedȱby A) decreasedȱresistanceȱtoȱdiseaseȱandȱinfection. B) increasingȱabilityȱtoȱproduceȱglucoseȱfromȱglycogen. C) increasedȱpumpingȱeffectivenessȱofȱtheȱheart. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Cholecalciferolȱisȱsynthesizedȱwithinȱthe A) boneȱmarrowȱofȱtheȱskeletalȱsystem. B) splenicȱpulpȱofȱtheȱlymphaticȱsystem. C) endothelialȱliningsȱofȱtheȱcardiovascularȱsystem. D) hypothalamusȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystem. E) epidermisȱofȱtheȱintegumentaryȱsystem. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Gapȱjunctions A) coordinateȱciliaryȱmovementȱamongȱepithelialȱcells. B) coordinateȱtheȱcontractionsȱofȱcardiacȱmuscleȱcells. C) facilitateȱtheȱpropagationȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱfromȱoneȱcellȱtoȱtheȱnextȱatȱelectricalȱsynapses. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) ________ȱareȱchemicalȱmessengersȱthatȱareȱreleasedȱinȱoneȱtissueȱandȱtransportedȱinȱtheȱbloodstreamȱtoȱalter theȱactivitiesȱofȱspecificȱcellsȱinȱotherȱtissues. A) Hormones B) Neuropeptides C) Neurotransmitters D) Humoralȱantibodies E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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86) Inadequateȱiodineȱinȱtheȱdietȱmayȱleadȱto A) hypothyroidism. B) cretinism. C) goiter. D) highȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱTSH. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Cellsȱcanȱrespondȱtoȱ________ȱhormone(s)ȱatȱtheȱsameȱtime. A) onlyȱone B) oneȱorȱtwo C) threeȱorȱless D) many Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Norepinephrineȱandȱepinephrineȱareȱconsideredȱtoȱbeȱ________ȱwhenȱreleasedȱintoȱtheȱbloodstream,ȱbut ________ȱwhenȱreleasedȱatȱsynapses. A) hormones;ȱneurotransmitters B) neuropeptides;ȱneurotransmitters C) neurotransmitters;ȱhormones D) neurotransmitters;ȱneuropeptides E) neuropeptides;ȱneurohormones Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Theȱkidneysȱsecrete A) renin. B) erythropoietin. C) calcitriol. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

90) Theȱheartȱisȱknownȱtoȱsecreteȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormones,ȱexceptȱ A) ANP. B) BNP. C) thymosin. D) thyroxine. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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91) Thyroxineȱandȱcalcitoninȱareȱsecretedȱbyȱthe A) kidneys. B) heart. C) thyroidȱgland. D) gonads. E) pituitaryȱgland. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) Melatoninȱisȱproducedȱbyȱthe A) thymus. B) pinealȱgland. C) kidneys. D) skin. E) heart. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Aȱkinaseȱisȱanȱenzymeȱthatȱperforms A) phosphorylation. B) asȱaȱmembraneȱchannel. C) activeȱtransport. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) AnȱactivatedȱGȱproteinȱcanȱtrigger A) theȱproductionȱofȱdiacylglycerol. B) theȱopeningȱofȱcalciumȱionȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱmembrane. C) theȱreleaseȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱfromȱintracellularȱstores. D) aȱfallȱinȱcAMPȱlevels. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Calciumȱionsȱserveȱasȱmessengers,ȱoftenȱinȱcombinationȱwithȱtheȱintracellularȱprotein A) calcitonin. B) calcitriol. C) calmodulin. D) calcium-bindingȱglobulin. E) calcitropin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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96) Hormonesȱcanȱoperateȱonȱtheȱ________ȱlevelȱofȱorganization. A) cellular B) tissue C) organ D) organismic E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Theȱfunctionalȱorganizationȱofȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱparallelsȱthatȱofȱtheȱ________ȱsystemȱinȱmanyȱways. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) body D) muscular E) hepatic Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

98) Theȱhypothalamusȱactsȱasȱbothȱaȱneuralȱandȱa(n)ȱ________ȱorgan. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) renal D) muscular E) hepatic Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) Aȱsimpleȱendocrineȱreflexȱinvolvesȱ________ȱhormone(s). A) one B) five C) few D) moreȱthanȱ15 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

100) Theȱactionȱofȱthyroidȱhormoneȱonȱaȱtargetȱcellȱinvolvesȱallȱtheseȱstepsȱ except one.ȱIdentifyȱtheȱincorrect step. A) bindingȱtoȱaȱhormoneȱreceptorȱinȱtheȱplasmaȱmembrane B) specificȱtransportȱintoȱtheȱtargetȱcell C) bindingȱtoȱaȱcytoplasmicȱreceptorȱprotein D) activationȱofȱaȱspecificȱgene E) activationȱofȱmitochondria Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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101) PRLȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱACTHȱisȱtoȱ________. A) prolactin;ȱcorticotropin B) oxytocin;ȱmammotropin C) gonadotropin;ȱmammotropin D) oxytocin;ȱcortisol Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

102) Ifȱaȱdiabeticȱpatientȱreceivedȱtooȱmuchȱinsulin,ȱtheȱlowȱbloodȱsugarȱcouldȱbeȱcorrectedȱbyȱinjecting A) glucagon B) GHIH. C) thyroidȱhormone. D) aldosterone. E) antidiureticȱhormone. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

103) Whereȱdoesȱtheȱchemicalȱreactionȱbetweenȱthyroglobulinȱandȱiodineȱtakeȱplace? A) inȱlysosomes B) inȱroughȱendoplasmicȱreticulum C) inȱtheȱlumenȱofȱtheȱthyroidȱfollicle D) inȱpinocytoticȱvesicles E) inȱapicalȱmicrovilli Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Melanocyte-stimulatingȱhormoneȱ(MSH)ȱisȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱhumanȱparsȱintermedia A) duringȱpregnancy. B) inȱveryȱyoungȱchildren. C) duringȱfetalȱdevelopment. D) inȱsomeȱdiseaseȱprocesses. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Theȱtwoȱlobesȱofȱtheȱpituitaryȱglandȱtogetherȱproduceȱhowȱmanyȱhormones? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 16 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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106) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱmayȱbeȱslowlyȱadministeredȱbyȱintravenousȱdripȱtoȱaccelerateȱlaborȱandȱdeliveryȱis A) oxytocin. B) prolactin. C) luteinizingȱhormone. D) justȱextraȱfluids. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) TSHȱplaysȱaȱkeyȱroleȱinȱtheȱ________ȱofȱthyroidȱhormones. A) inhibition B) synthesis C) release D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Theȱcontrolȱofȱcalcitoninȱexcretionȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱdirectȱ________ȱregulation. A) endocrine B) pancreatic C) homeostatic D) hepatic E) vascular Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

109) Parathyroidȱhormoneȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱitȱdoesnȇt A) stimulateȱosteoclastȱactivity. B) inhibitȱosteoblastȱactivity. C) buildȱupȱbone. D) stimulateȱtheȱformationȱandȱsecretionȱofȱcalcitriolȱatȱtheȱkidneys. E) enhanceȱtheȱreabsorptionȱofȱcalciumȱatȱtheȱkidneys. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

110) Alphaȱcellsȱareȱtoȱ________ȱasȱbetaȱcellsȱareȱtoȱ________. A) glucagon;ȱinsulin B) somatostatin;ȱinsulin C) insulin;ȱglucagon D) glucagon;ȱsomatostatin E) pancreaticȱpolypeptide;ȱinsulin Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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111) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsubstancesȱactivatesȱproteinȱkinasesȱandȱthusȱactsȱasȱaȱsecondȱmessenger? A) insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) cyclicȱAMP E) TSH Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Theȱprimaryȱtargetȱofȱinsulinȱis A) skeletal,ȱcardiac,ȱandȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells. B) adipocytes. C) liverȱcells. D) AȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

113) Inȱgeneral,ȱtheȱeffectsȱofȱnatriureticȱpeptidesȱ________ȱthoseȱofȱangiotensinȱII. A) increase B) oppose C) propose D) stabilize E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Afterȱbrainȱsurgery,ȱaȱpatientȱreceivingȱpostoperativeȱcareȱinȱanȱintensiveȱcareȱunitȱbeganȱtoȱpassȱlargeȱvolumes ofȱveryȱdiluteȱurine.ȱȱTheȱICUȱnurseȱadministeredȱaȱmedicineȱthatȱmimicsȱoneȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormones. Whichȱone? A) aldosterone B) epinephrine C) renin D) ADH E) cortisol Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

115) Cushingȱdiseaseȱresultsȱfromȱanȱexcessȱof A) growthȱhormone. B) parathyroidȱhormone. C) ADH. D) glucocorticoids. E) epinephrine. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) Theȱtermȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱexcessȱproductionȱofȱurineȱis A) polyuria. B) polydipsia. C) hematuria. D) glycosuria. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

117) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱisȱwaterȱsolubleȱandȱthereforeȱbindsȱtoȱextracellularȱreceptors? A) insulin B) epinephrine C) cortisol D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) TheȱprimaryȱfunctionȱofȱADHȱisȱto A) increaseȱtheȱamountȱofȱsodiumȱlostȱatȱtheȱkidneys. B) decreaseȱtheȱamountȱofȱwaterȱlostȱatȱtheȱkidneys. C) decreaseȱbloodȱpressure. D) increaseȱdigestiveȱabsorption. E) delayȱurination. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

119) ReductionȱofȱfluidȱlossesȱatȱtheȱkidneysȱdueȱtoȱtheȱretentionȱofȱNa + ȱisȱtheȱactionȱof A) antidiureticȱhormone. B) calcitonin. C) aldosterone. D) cortisone. E) oxytocin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

120) Theȱsuprarenalȱmedullaȱproducesȱtheȱhormones A) synephrineȱandȱneosynephrine. B) epinephrineȱandȱnorepinephrine. C) corticosteroneȱandȱtestosterone. D) androgensȱandȱprogesterone. E) norcortisolȱandȱcortisol. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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121) Ifȱtheȱadenylȱcyclaseȱactivityȱofȱliverȱcellsȱwereȱmissing,ȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱhormonesȱcouldȱnoȱlongerȱstimulate releaseȱofȱglucose? A) insulin B) epinephrine C) cortisol D) thyroxine E) leptin Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Increasedȱactivityȱofȱphosphodiesteraseȱinȱaȱtargetȱcellȱwouldȱdecreaseȱitsȱlevelȱof A) testosterone. B) estrogen. C) thyroidȱhormone. D) cAMP. E) progesterone. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) Destructionȱofȱtheȱsupraopticȱnucleusȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱwouldȱhaveȱwhichȱresult? A) lossȱofȱADHȱsecretion B) lossȱofȱGHȱsecretion C) lossȱofȱmelatoninȱsecretion D) lossȱofȱemotionalȱresponse E) lossȱofȱlossȱofȱregulatoryȱfactorȱsecretion Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

124) Allȱtargetȱcells A) haveȱhormoneȱreceptors B) respondȱtoȱchemicalȱsignals C) secreteȱhormones D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

125) Inȱpersonsȱwithȱuntreatedȱdiabetesȱmellitus, A) bloodȱglucoseȱlevelsȱareȱveryȱhigh. B) excessiveȱthirstȱisȱshown. C) glucoseȱisȱpresentȱinȱtheȱurineȱinȱlargeȱamounts. D) aȱlargeȱexcretionȱofȱurineȱoccurs. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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126) Ifȱtheȱmedianȱeminenceȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱisȱdestroyed,ȱtheȱhypothalamusȱwouldȱnoȱlongerȱbeȱableȱto controlȱtheȱsecretionȱofȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormones? A) TSH B) ACTH C) PRL D) ADH E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

127) Theȱhypophysealȱportalȱsystem A) hasȱtwoȱcapillaryȱplexusesȱconnectedȱbyȱshortȱveins. B) carriesȱneurosecretionsȱtoȱtheȱanteriorȱlobeȱofȱtheȱpituitary. C) carriesȱADHȱandȱoxytocin. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

128) Damageȱtoȱcellsȱofȱtheȱzonaȱfasciculataȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱwouldȱresultȱin A) theȱlossȱofȱaxillaryȱandȱpubicȱhair. B) increasedȱvolumeȱofȱurineȱformation. C) decreasedȱlevelsȱofȱsodiumȱionȱinȱtheȱblood. D) decreasedȱabilityȱtoȱconvertȱaminoȱacidsȱtoȱglucose. E) increasedȱwaterȱretention. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

129) Aȱriseȱinȱcortisolȱwouldȱcauseȱanȱincreaseȱinȱeachȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ except A) theȱrateȱofȱglucoseȱsynthesisȱbyȱtheȱliver. B) theȱrateȱofȱglycogenȱformationȱbyȱtheȱliver. C) theȱlevelȱofȱfattyȱacidsȱinȱtheȱblood. D) fattyȱacidȱmetabolismȱbyȱmuscleȱcells. E) ACTHȱlevels. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

130) AȱriseȱinȱangiotensinȱIIȱlevelsȱwouldȱresultȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) elevatedȱbloodȱpressure. B) increasedȱretentionȱofȱsodiumȱionsȱatȱtheȱkidney. C) increasedȱwaterȱretention. D) increasedȱurineȱproduction. E) increasedȱbloodȱvolume. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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131) Decreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneysȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) increasedȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱrenin B) elevatedȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱangiotensin C) increasedȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱerythropoietin D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

132) Ifȱaȱpatientȱisȱadministeredȱaȱpowerfulȱglucocorticoidȱ(suchȱasȱprednisone)ȱtoȱsuppressȱtheȱimmuneȱsystem, whatȱunintendedȱeffectsȱmightȱthisȱhaveȱonȱbloodȱchemistry? A) increaseȱofȱinsulin B) decreaseȱofȱinsulin C) increaseȱofȱbloodȱglucose D) decreaseȱofȱbloodȱglucose E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

133) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmightȱoccurȱinȱanȱoverdoseȱofȱinsulin? A) glycosuria B) ketoacidosis C) highȱbloodȱglucose D) lowȱbloodȱglucose E) polyuria Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

134) Whichȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱaboutȱmelatoninȱisȱfalse? A) exposureȱtoȱlightȱinhibitsȱproduction B) exposureȱtoȱlightȱstimulatesȱproduction C) inhibitsȱreleasesȱofȱGnRH D) producedȱbyȱpinealocytes E) madeȱfromȱserotonin Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

135) Theȱconditionȱknownȱasȱseasonalȱaffectiveȱdisorderȱ(SAD)ȱmayȱbeȱcausedȱby A) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱmelanin. B) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱmelatonin. C) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱmelanocyte-stimulatingȱhormone. D) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱgonadotrophins. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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136) Shellyȱhasȱaȱhormone-secretingȱtumorȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱgland.ȱTheȱtumorȱisȱcausingȱherȱtoȱhaveȱaȱdeepȱvoice, toȱgrowȱextensiveȱbodyȱhair,ȱandȱtoȱstopȱmenstruating.ȱThisȱtumorȱprobablyȱinvolvesȱcellsȱofȱthe A) zonaȱglomerulosa. B) zonaȱfasciculata. C) zonaȱreticularis. D) suprarenalȱmedulla. E) parsȱintermedia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

137) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱmayȱleadȱtoȱacromegalyȱifȱhypersecretedȱafterȱclosureȱofȱtheȱepiphyseal plates? A) cortisol B) parathyroidȱhormone C) insulin D) growthȱhormone E) epinephrine Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

138) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱhormonesȱincreasesȱandȱprolongsȱeffectsȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem? A) cortisol B) parathyroidȱhormone C) insulin D) growthȱhormone E) epinephrine Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

139) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱcontainȱtargetȱcellsȱforȱoxytocin? A) prostate B) ductusȱdeferens C) mammaryȱglands D) uterus E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

140) Beforeȱtheȱdiscoveryȱofȱtheseȱglands,ȱthyroidȱsurgeryȱoftenȱledȱtoȱaȱrapidȱdropȱinȱbloodȱcalciumȱlevels,ȱwhich triggeredȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱandȱcardiacȱarrhythmias.ȱWhatȱglandsȱareȱtheseȱandȱwhichȱhormoneȱisȱlacking? A) thyroidȱglands;ȱcalcitonin B) parathyroidȱglands;ȱcalcitonin C) parathyroidȱglands;ȱparathyroidȱhormone D) thyroidȱglands;ȱlevothyroxine E) parathyroidȱglands;ȱlevothyroxine Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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141) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱactionȱofȱTSH? A) stimulatesȱT3 ȱandȱT 4 ȱsecretion B) stimulatesȱiodideȱtrappingȱbyȱthyroidȱfollicleȱcells C) inhibitsȱT3 ȱandȱT 4 secretion D) stimulatesȱpinocytosisȱofȱcolloidȱbyȱthyroidȱfollicleȱcells E) increasesȱcyclicȱAMPȱconcentrationȱwithinȱthyroidȱfollicleȱcells Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

142) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcooperateȱtoȱprepareȱtheȱmammaryȱglandsȱforȱmilkȱsecretion? A) prolactin B) estrogens C) progesterone D) placentalȱhormones E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ18- 1ȱPituitaryȱHormonesȱandȱTheirȱTargets UseȱFigureȱ18- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 143) IdentifyȱtheȱhormoneȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) thyroid-releasingȱhormone B) thyroid-stimulatingȱhormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin E) calcitonin Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

144) IdentifyȱtheȱhormoneȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) mineralocorticoid B) cortisol C) dopamine D) corticotropinȱ(ACTH) E) aldosterone Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

145) Aȱdeficiencyȱofȱwhichȱhormoneȱcanȱleadȱtoȱdiabetesȱinsipidus? A) 3 B) 7 C) 2 D) 8 E) 14 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

146) IdentifyȱtheȱhormoneȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) thyroid-releasingȱhormone B) thyroid-stimulatingȱhormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin E) parathyroidȱhormoneȱ(PTH) Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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147) IdentifyȱtheȱhormoneȱlabeledȱȈ13.Ȉ A) LH B) progesterone C) estrogen D) oxytocin E) testosterone Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱintracellularȱproteinȱ________ȱbindsȱcalciumȱion.ȱThisȱcomplexȱcanȱthenȱactivateȱenzymes. Answer: calmodulin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Inȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem,ȱtheȱfunctionalȱcounterpartsȱofȱneuralȱreflexesȱareȱ________. Answer: endocrineȱreflexes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Peripheralȱcellsȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱaȱhormoneȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: targetȱcells Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱposteriorȱlobeȱofȱtheȱpituitaryȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: neurohypophysis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱanteriorȱlobeȱofȱtheȱpituitaryȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: adenohypophysis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱadenohypophysisȱcanȱbeȱdividedȱintoȱthreeȱparts,ȱtheȱparsȱ________,ȱtheȱparsȱ________,ȱandȱtheȱpars ________. Answer: distalis;ȱintermedia;ȱtuberalis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Hormonesȱthatȱregulateȱtheȱmaleȱandȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱorgansȱareȱcollectivelyȱcalledȱ________. Answer: gonadotropins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱtwoȱlobesȱofȱtheȱthyroidȱglandȱareȱconnectedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: isthmus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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9) Theȱthyroidȱglandȱisȱcomposedȱofȱmanyȱ________ȱthatȱproduceȱandȱstoreȱthyroidȱhormone. Answer: thyroidȱfollicles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Thyroidȱhormonesȱareȱstructuralȱderivativesȱofȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱ________. Answer: tyrosine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Hormonesȱmayȱcirculateȱfreelyȱorȱbeȱboundȱtoȱ________ȱproteins. Answer: transport Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱ________ȱglandȱsitsȱalongȱtheȱsuperiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱkidney. Answer: suprarenal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱouterȱlayerȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱglandȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: suprarenalȱcortex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱinnerȱportionȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱglandȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: suprarenalȱmedulla Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱproducesȱsteroidȱhormonesȱcalledȱ________. Answer: corticosteroids Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Receptorsȱforȱ________,ȱpeptideȱhormones,ȱandȱeicosanoidsȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱcellȱmembranesȱofȱtargetȱcells. Answer: catecholamines Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

17) Theȱendocrineȱsystemȱregulatesȱphysiologicalȱprocessesȱthroughȱtheȱbindingȱofȱhormonesȱtoȱ________. Answer: receptors Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

18) Twoȱhormonesȱthatȱhaveȱopposingȱeffectsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: antagonists Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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19) Twoȱhormonesȱthatȱhaveȱadditiveȱeffectsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: synergists Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whenȱoneȱhormoneȱisȱneededȱforȱaȱsecondȱhormoneȱtoȱproduceȱanȱeffect,ȱitȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: permissive Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Hormonesȱthatȱproduceȱdifferentȱbutȱcomplementaryȱresultsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: integrative Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱdominatesȱtheȱalarmȱphaseȱofȱtheȱstressȱresponseȱisȱ________. Answer: epinephrine Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱconsistentȱpatternȱofȱhormonalȱandȱphysiologicalȱresponsesȱtoȱstressesȱofȱdifferentȱkindsȱisȱcalledȱthe ________. Answer: generalȱadaptationȱsyndrome Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Adipocytesȱproduceȱaȱpeptideȱhormoneȱcalledȱ________ȱthatȱactsȱonȱtheȱhypothalamus. Answer: leptin Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) CortisolȱsuppressesȱreleaseȱofȱACTHȱfromȱtheȱanteriorȱlobeȱofȱtheȱpituitary. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) AngiotensinȱIIȱtriggersȱreleaseȱofȱaldosteroneȱfromȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortex. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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EssayȱQuestions 1) Communicationȱbetweenȱcellsȱisȱkeyȱtoȱorganism-levelȱregulationȱofȱtheȱinternalȱenvironmentȱtoȱmaintain health,ȱthatȱis,ȱnearlyȱconstantȱinternalȱconditionsȱ(homeostasis).ȱOutlineȱandȱcompareȱtheȱintercellular communicationȱpathwaysȱthatȱfunctionȱtoȱprovideȱhomeostasis. Answer: Intercellularȱcommunicationȱoccursȱlargelyȱthroughȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱandȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem.ȱIn general,ȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱperformsȱshort-termȱȈcrisisȱmanagement,Ȉȱwhereasȱtheȱendocrineȱsystem regulatesȱlonger-term,ȱongoingȱmetabolicȱprocesses.ȱIdeally,ȱtheȱnervousȱsystemȱcommunicatesȱbyȱan impulseȱoverȱanȱaxonȱtoȱaȱneuronȱorȱsomeȱotherȱeffector.ȱThisȱisȱaȱveryȱfastȱandȱspatiallyȱspecificȱprocess. Inȱcontrast,ȱtheȱendocrineȱsystemȱreliesȱonȱblindlyȱsendingȱoutȱchemicalȱmessagesȱtoȱtheȱwholeȱbody throughȱtheȱbloodȱandȱinterstitialȱfluid.ȱThisȱprocessȱisȱslow,ȱandȱreliesȱonȱtheȱresponseȱofȱaȱdifferent targetȱcell. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) JaneȱlivesȱinȱAppalachiaȱandȱsuffersȱfromȱhypothyroidism.ȱHerȱthyroidȱglandȱisȱenlarged,ȱherȱbody temperatureȱisȱlow,ȱandȱherȱhairȱandȱskinȱlookȱbrittleȱandȱdry.ȱBloodȱtestsȱshowȱveryȱlowȱlevelsȱofȱcirculating iodine,ȱT3,ȱandȱT4,ȱbutȱhighȱlevelsȱofȱTSH.ȱWhatȱisȱyourȱdiagnosis?ȱWhatȱtreatmentȱwouldȱyouȱrecommend? Answer: Janeȱappearsȱtoȱsufferȱfromȱnutritionalȱgoiterȱdueȱtoȱinsufficientȱiodineȱintake.ȱThisȱexplainsȱtheȱlow thyroidȱlevels,ȱtheȱenlargedȱthyroid,ȱandȱtheȱhighȱlevelȱofȱTSH.ȱTheȱrecommendedȱtreatmentȱwouldȱbe iodizedȱsaltȱorȱiodideȱsupplements. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Whatȱdoesȱitȱmeanȱtoȱsayȱthatȱtheȱpancreasȱisȱbothȱanȱendocrineȱandȱanȱexocrineȱorgan? Answer: Theȱpancreasȱcontainsȱbothȱexocrineȱandȱendocrineȱcells.ȱCellsȱofȱtheȱendocrineȱpancreasȱformȱclusters calledȱpancreaticȱisletsȱ(isletsȱofȱLangerhans)ȱandȱtheȱexocrineȱcellsȱclusterȱinȱstructuresȱcalledȱpancreatic acini.ȱTheȱendocrineȱcellsȱsecreteȱatȱtheirȱbasalȱsurfacesȱintoȱtheȱinterstitialȱspace,ȱexactlyȱoppositeȱtoȱthe exocrineȱglandȱcells,ȱwhichȱsecreteȱfluidȱandȱdigestiveȱenzymesȱoutȱofȱtheirȱapicalȱsurfacesȱintoȱtiny ducts.ȱTheȱpancreaticȱisletsȱsecreteȱtheȱhormonesȱglucagon,ȱinsulin,ȱsomatostatin,ȱandȱpancreatic polypeptide,ȱwhichȱdiffuseȱintoȱnearbyȱcapillariesȱandȱthenȱreachȱcellsȱthroughoutȱtheȱbodyȱviaȱthe circulation.ȱTheȱpancreaticȱexocrineȱsecretionsȱenterȱtheȱintestineȱduringȱdigestionȱandȱplayȱaȱkeyȱroleȱin bothȱprotectingȱtheȱepitheliumȱandȱdissolvingȱfoodȱparticlesȱintoȱtheirȱconstituentȱbuildingȱblocks. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

4) Describeȱtheȱfourȱpatternsȱofȱhormonalȱinteraction. Answer: Hormonesȱcanȱinteractȱinȱoneȱofȱfourȱways:ȱantagonistic interactionsȱopposeȱoneȱanother;ȱsynergistic interactionsȱenhanceȱtheȱeffectsȱofȱeachȱhormone;ȱpermissiveȱeffectsȱoccurȱwhenȱoneȱhormoneȱisȱrequired forȱtheȱotherȱtoȱfunction;ȱandȱintegrativeȱeffectsȱoccurȱwhenȱtheȱactionȱofȱaȱhormoneȱdiffersȱwithȱdiffering targetȱorgans. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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5) Describeȱtheȱthreeȱphasesȱofȱtheȱgeneralȱadaptationȱsyndromeȱ(GAS)ȱthatȱconstituteȱtheȱbodyȇsȱresponseȱto stress.ȱWhichȱendocrineȱsecretionsȱplayȱdominantȱrolesȱinȱtheȱalarmȱandȱresistanceȱphases? Answer: Theȱthreeȱphasesȱareȱalarm,ȱresistance,ȱandȱexhaustion.ȱDuringȱtheȱalarmȱphase,ȱenergyȱreservesȱare mobilizedȱandȱtheȱbodyȱpreparesȱitselfȱwithȱȈfightȱorȱflightȈȱresponses.ȱDuringȱtheȱresistanceȱphase, glucocorticoidsȱareȱreleasedȱtoȱ(1)ȱmobilizeȱlipidȱandȱproteinȱreserves,ȱ(2)ȱconserveȱglucoseȱforȱneural tissue,ȱ(3)ȱelevateȱandȱstabilizeȱbloodȱglucoseȱconcentrations,ȱ(4)ȱconserveȱsaltsȱandȱwater,ȱandȱ(5)ȱlose K+ ȱandȱH + .ȱDuringȱtheȱexhaustionȱphase,ȱhomeostaticȱregulationȱbreaksȱdown.ȱEpinephrineȱplaysȱa dominantȱroleȱinȱtheȱalarmȱphaseȱandȱglucocorticoidsȱareȱdominantȱinȱtheȱresistanceȱphase. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

6) Whenȱpatientsȱwhoȱareȱreceivingȱglucocorticoidȱtherapyȱ(forȱexample,ȱwithȱprednisone)ȱneedȱtoȱstopȱtakingȱit, theȱdoctorȱwillȱprescribeȱaȱseriesȱofȱdosesȱofȱtaperingȱsizeȱtoȱgraduallyȱlowerȱtheȱdoseȱratherȱthanȱsuddenlyȱstop it.ȱExplainȱthisȱdosageȱstrategyȱinȱtermsȱofȱtheȱnegativeȱfeedbackȱcontrolȱofȱcortisolȱsecretion. Answer: Glucocorticoidsȱinhibitȱtheȱproductionȱofȱcorticotrophin-releasingȱhormoneȱbyȱtheȱhypothalamusȱand ACTHȱbyȱtheȱanteriorȱpituitary.ȱHighȱdosesȱofȱprednisoneȱwillȱmeanȱthatȱlevelsȱofȱACTHȱinȱtheȱpatient haveȱbeenȱquiteȱlow,ȱandȱsoȱtheȱzonaȱfasciculateȱofȱtheȱsuprarenalȱcortexȱwillȱhaveȱnotȱbeenȱstimulated forȱaȱwhileȱandȱcanȇtȱdoȱmuchȱsynthesis.ȱByȱslowlyȱreducingȱtheȱprednisone,ȱitȱgivesȱtheȱpatientȇsȱown abilityȱtoȱmakeȱcortisolȱaȱchanceȱtoȱrecoverȱandȱthusȱpreventsȱcollapseȱofȱbloodȱpressureȱandȱother seriousȱeffectsȱofȱsuddenlyȱwithholdingȱtheȱcorticosteroid. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ19 Blood MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱblood? A) transportȱofȱnutrientsȱandȱwastes B) transportȱofȱbodyȱheat C) transportȱofȱgases D) defenseȱagainstȱtoxinsȱandȱpathogens E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱbloodȱisȱfalse? A) containsȱbuffersȱthatȱcontrolȱpH B) normalȱpHȱisȱ6.8ȱtoȱ7.0 C) isȱmoreȱviscousȱthanȱwater D) isȱaboutȱ55ȱpercentȱplasma E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveȱisȱfalseNallȱareȱtrue. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Formedȱelementsȱmakeȱupȱaboutȱwhatȱpercentageȱofȱblood? A) 55ȱpercent B) 38ȱpercent C) 60ȱpercent D) 45ȱpercent E) 20ȱpercent Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱcombinationȱofȱplasmaȱandȱformedȱelementsȱisȱcalled A) serum. B) lymph. C) wholeȱblood. D) extracellularȱfluid. E) packedȱblood. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Wholeȱbloodȱforȱtestingȱinȱaȱclinicalȱlaboratoryȱisȱusuallyȱcollectedȱfrom A) theȱheart. B) aȱsuperficialȱartery. C) aȱsuperficialȱvein. D) aȱcapillary. E) anȱarteriole. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Whenȱcheckingȱtheȱefficiencyȱofȱgasȱexchange,ȱitȱmayȱbeȱnecessaryȱtoȱdrawȱaȱbloodȱsampleȱfrom A) theȱheart. B) theȱlungs. C) anȱartery. D) aȱvein. E) capillaries. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱcharacteristicȱofȱwholeȱblood,ȱexcept a A) temperatureȱofȱapproximatelyȱ38ȱdegreesȱCelsius. B) viscosityȱaboutȱtheȱsameȱasȱwater. C) pHȱofȱ7.4. D) built-inȱsystemȱforȱclotting. E) deepȱredȱcolorȱfromȱhemoglobin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱtotalȱvolumeȱofȱbloodȱinȱtheȱbodyȱofȱaȱ76-kgȱmanȱisȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱliters. A) 10 B) 6ȱtoȱ8 C) 5.3 D) 4.4 E) 3.8 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Aȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱaȱlowȱbloodȱvolumeȱisȱsaidȱtoȱbe A) hypovolemic. B) hypervolemic. C) normovolemic. D) isovolemic. E) antivolemic. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱchiefȱdifferencesȱbetweenȱplasmaȱandȱinterstitialȱfluidȱinvolvesȱthe A) concentrationȱofȱwater. B) concentrationȱofȱelectrolytes. C) concentrationȱofȱnitrogenȱwastes. D) concentrationȱofȱproteins. E) concentrationȱofȱglucose. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱmostȱabundantȱproteinsȱinȱbloodȱplasmaȱare A) globulins. B) transportȱproteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Plasmaȱproteinsȱessentialȱinȱbodyȱdefenseȱareȱthe A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins. D) metalloproteins. E) lipoproteins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱplasmaȱproteinȱessentialȱforȱbloodȱcoagulationȱis A) albuminȱalpha. B) fibrinogen. C) immunoglobulinȱA. D) metalloproteinȱD. E) lipoproteinȱC. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱmostȱabundantȱcomponentȱofȱplasmaȱis A) ions. B) proteins. C) water. D) gases. E) nutrients. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Allȱtheȱcirculatingȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱoriginateȱinȱthe A) heart. B) thymus. C) spleen. D) redȱboneȱmarrow. E) lymphȱtissue. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱprocessȱofȱlymphopoiesisȱgoesȱonȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgans,ȱ exceptȱ A) theȱspleen. B) theȱkidney. C) theȱlymphȱnodes. D) theȱredȱboneȱmarrow. E) theȱthymus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Granulocytesȱformȱin A) theȱintestines. B) theȱspleen. C) theȱthymus. D) redȱboneȱmarrow. E) yellowȱboneȱmarrow. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Redȱbloodȱcellȱproductionȱisȱregulatedȱbyȱtheȱhormone A) thymosin. B) angiotensin. C) erythropoietin. D) M-CSF. E) renin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱisȱfalse?ȱ A) Redȱcellsȱareȱbiconcaveȱdiscs. B) Redȱcellsȱlackȱmitochondria. C) Redȱcellsȱareȱaboutȱ18ȱΐmȱinȱdiameter. D) Redȱcellsȱareȱspecializedȱforȱcarryingȱoxygen. E) Redȱcellsȱcanȱformȱstacksȱcalledȱrouleaux. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱaverageȱlifespanȱofȱaȱredȱbloodȱcellȱis A) 24ȱhours. B) 1ȱmonth. C) 4ȱmonths. D) aboutȱ1ȱyear. E) manyȱyears. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱfunctionȱofȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱisȱto A) carryȱcarbonȱdioxideȱfromȱtheȱcellsȱtoȱtheȱlungs. B) carryȱoxygenȱfromȱtheȱlungsȱtoȱtheȱbodyȇsȱcells. C) carryȱnutrientsȱfromȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystemȱtoȱtheȱbodyȇsȱcells. D) defendȱtheȱbodyȱagainstȱinfectiousȱorganisms. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Moreȱthanȱ95ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱproteinȱinȱaȱredȱbloodȱcellȱis A) albumin. B) porphyrin. C) hemoglobin. D) immunoglobulin. E) fibrinogen. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱfunctionȱofȱhemoglobinȱisȱto A) carryȱoxygen. B) carryȱcarbonȱdioxide. C) aidȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱbloodȱclotting. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) ________ȱisȱaȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱoxygen -carryingȱcapacityȱofȱtheȱbloodȱisȱreduced. A) Polycythemia B) Leukemia C) Anemia D) Leukopenia E) Thrombocytopenia Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Perniciousȱanemiaȱcausedȱbyȱaȱlackȱofȱintrinsicȱfactorȱisȱspecificallyȱtreatedȱby A) oralȱdosesȱofȱiron. B) injectionsȱofȱiron. C) oralȱdosesȱofȱvitaminȱB12. D) injectionsȱofȱvitaminȱB 12. E) bloodȱtransfusion. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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26) Aȱredȱbloodȱcellȱthatȱcontainsȱnormalȱamountsȱofȱhemoglobinȱwouldȱbeȱcalled A) hyperchromic. B) normochromic. C) hypochromic. D) normocytic. E) macrocytic. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱconversionȱofȱfibrinogenȱtoȱfibrinȱisȱcatalyzedȱbyȱtheȱenzyme A) fibrinogen-convertingȱenzyme. B) plasmin. C) factorȱVIII. D) thrombin. E) prothrombinase. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Agedȱandȱdamagedȱerythrocytesȱareȱbrokenȱdownȱbyȱthe A) spleen. B) liver. C) boneȱmarrow. D) digestiveȱtract. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱwasteȱproductȱbilirubinȱisȱproducedȱfrom A) globinȱchainsȱofȱhemoglobin. B) hemeȱmoleculesȱplusȱiron. C) hemeȱmoleculesȱlackingȱiron. D) ironȱfoundȱinȱhemoglobinȱmolecules. E) abnormalȱproteinsȱfoundȱinȱredȱbloodȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Mostȱofȱtheȱironȱthatȱisȱremovedȱfromȱdegradedȱhemoglobinȱis A) excretedȱbyȱtheȱkidneys. B) excretedȱbyȱtheȱliver. C) excretedȱbyȱtheȱintestines. D) recycledȱtoȱtheȱredȱboneȱmarrow. E) storedȱinȱyellowȱboneȱmarrow. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Inȱadults,ȱerythropoiesisȱexclusivelyȱtakesȱplaceȱin A) theȱliver. B) yellowȱboneȱmarrow. C) redȱboneȱmarrow. D) theȱspleen. E) lymphoidȱtissue. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Inȱadults,ȱredȱboneȱmarrowȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) sternumȱandȱribs. B) diaphysisȱofȱlongȱbones. C) iliacȱcrest,ȱbodyȱofȱvertebrae. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱprocessȱofȱredȱbloodȱcellȱproductionȱisȱcalled A) erythrocytosis. B) erythropenia. C) hemocytosis. D) erythropoiesis. E) hematopenia. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱdevelopmentalȱstageȱatȱwhichȱerythrocytesȱenterȱtheȱcirculationȱisȱas A) hemocytoblasts. B) reticulocytes. C) bandȱforms. D) myeloidȱcells. E) proerythrocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) ________ȱareȱimmatureȱerythrocytesȱthatȱareȱpresentȱinȱtheȱcirculation. A) Erythroblasts B) Normoblasts C) Myeloblasts D) Bandȱcells E) Reticulocytes Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Erythropoiesisȱisȱstimulatedȱwhen A) oxygenȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱbloodȱincrease. B) oxygenȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱbloodȱdecrease. C) bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneyȱdeclines. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱpercentȱfractionȱofȱformedȱelementsȱrelativeȱtoȱwholeȱbloodȱisȱthe A) viscosity. B) specificȱgravity. C) packedȱvolume. D) hematocrit. E) differentialȱcellȱcount. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Aȱtypicalȱadultȱhematocritȱis A) 85. B) 75. C) 65. D) 45. E) 25. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Considerȱtheseȱresultsȱfromȱaȱbloodȱlabȱtest.ȱWhichȱvalueȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱabnormal? A) RBCsN5.2ȱmillion/ΐl B) plateletsN280,000/ΐl C) leukocytesN8600/ΐl D) hemoglobinN10.7ȱg/100ȱml E) hematocritN44ȱpercent Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

40) Aȱpersonȇsȱbloodȱtypeȱisȱdeterminedȱlargelyȱbyȱthe A) sizeȱofȱtheȱRBCs. B) volumeȱofȱtheȱRBCs. C) chemicalȱcharacterȱofȱtheȱhemoglobin. D) presenceȱofȱspecificȱglycoproteinsȱonȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. E) shapeȱofȱtheȱRBCs. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) PeopleȱwithȱtypeȱABȱbloodȱareȱconsideredȱtheȱȈuniversalȱrecipientȈȱforȱtransfusionsȱbecause A) ȱtheirȱbloodȱcellsȱlackȱAȱandȱBȱantigens. B) theirȱbloodȱlacksȱAȱorȱBȱagglutinins. C) theirȱbloodȱisȱplentifulȱinȱAȱandȱBȱagglutinins. D) theyȱusuallyȱhaveȱveryȱstrongȱimmuneȱsystems. E) theyȱareȱusuallyȱRhȱnegative. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

42) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱneutrophils,ȱexceptȱthatȱtheyȱare A) granularȱleukocytes. B) phagocytic. C) alsoȱknownȱasȱpolymorphonuclearȱleukocytes. D) importantȱinȱcoagulation. E) activeȱinȱfightingȱbacterialȱinfections. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱmostȱnumerousȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellsȱinȱperipheralȱcirculationȱareȱthe A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Whiteȱbloodȱcellsȱthatȱreleaseȱhistamineȱatȱtheȱsiteȱofȱanȱinjuryȱare A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) ________ȱareȱlargeȱphagocyticȱwhiteȱcellsȱthatȱspendȱmostȱofȱtheirȱtimeȱoutsideȱtheȱbloodȱasȱfixedȱandȱfree phagocyticȱcells. A) Neutrophils B) Eosinophils C) Basophils D) Lymphocytes E) Monocytes Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱcolonyȱstimulatingȱfactor? A) adhereȱtoȱcollagenȱbeneathȱendothelium B) helperȱcellsȱareȱoneȱtype C) hormoneȱthatȱregulatesȱbloodȱcellȱformation D) killȱbacteriaȱusingȱhydrogenȱperoxide E) oftenȱelevatedȱinȱallergicȱindividuals Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Whiteȱbloodȱcellsȱthatȱareȱincreasedȱinȱallergicȱindividualsȱareȱthe A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱproductionȱofȱgranulocytesȱandȱmonocytesȱis A) M-CSF. B) G-CSF. C) GM-CSF. D) multi-CSF. E) thymosin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Aȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱtheȱproductionȱofȱneutrophilsȱis A) M-CSF. B) G-CSFȱ(Neupogen). C) GM-CSF. D) multi-CSF. E) thymosin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Plateletsȱfunctionȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) dissolvingȱaȱformedȱclot. B) formingȱtemporaryȱclumpȱinȱinjuredȱareas. C) contractionȱafterȱclotȱformation. D) initiatingȱtheȱclottingȱprocess. E) releasingȱchemicalsȱthatȱstimulateȱclotting. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Plateletsȱareȱpinchedȱoffȱfromȱgiantȱmultinucleatedȱcellsȱinȱtheȱboneȱmarrowȱcalled A) erythroblasts. B) normoblasts. C) megakaryocytes. D) myeloblasts. E) lymphoblasts. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Plateletsȱare A) redȱcellsȱthatȱlackȱaȱnucleus. B) blueȱcellsȱthatȱhaveȱaȱnucleus. C) largeȱcellsȱwithȱaȱprominent,ȱconcaveȱnucleus. D) tinyȱcellsȱwithȱaȱpolynucleus. E) cytoplasmicȱfragmentsȱofȱlargeȱcells. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Plateletsȱareȱstoredȱasȱaȱreserveȱinȱcaseȱofȱhemorrhageȱin A) theȱsplenicȱvein. B) theȱsplenicȱartery. C) theȱspleen. D) otherȱvascularȱorgans. E) CȱandȱDȱonly. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) ________ȱinvolvesȱaȱcascadeȱofȱreactionsȱleadingȱtoȱtheȱconversionȱofȱfibrinogenȱtoȱfibrin. A) Vascularȱspasm B) Theȱplateletȱphase C) Retraction D) Coagulation E) Fibrinolysis Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Mostȱofȱtheȱproteinȱfactorsȱthatȱareȱrequiredȱforȱclottingȱareȱsynthesizedȱby A) platelets. B) megakaryocytes. C) theȱliver. D) theȱkidneys. E) theȱspleen. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Theȱextrinsicȱpathwayȱofȱcoagulationȱisȱinitiatedȱbyȱthe A) stickingȱofȱplateletsȱtoȱdamagedȱtissue. B) activationȱofȱFactorȱVIIȱexposedȱtoȱcollagen. C) releaseȱofȱtissueȱfactorȱ(FactorȱIII)ȱbyȱdamagedȱendothelium. D) releaseȱofȱheparinȱfromȱtheȱliver. E) conversionȱofȱprothrombinȱtoȱthrombin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱintrinsicȱpathwayȱofȱcoagulationȱisȱactivatedȱbyȱthe A) stickingȱofȱplateletsȱtoȱdamagedȱtissue. B) activationȱofȱFactorȱVIIȱexposedȱtoȱcollagen. C) releaseȱofȱtissueȱfactorȱ(FactorȱIII)ȱbyȱdamagedȱendothelium. D) releaseȱofȱheparinȱfromȱtheȱliver. E) conversionȱofȱprothrombinȱtoȱthrombin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱcommonȱpathwayȱofȱcoagulationȱbeginsȱwithȱthe A) stickingȱofȱplateletsȱtoȱdamagedȱtissue. B) activationȱofȱaȱproenzymeȱexposedȱtoȱcollagen. C) releaseȱofȱtissueȱfactorȱbyȱdamagedȱendothelium. D) conversionȱofȱFactorȱXȱtoȱprothrombinase. E) conversionȱofȱfibrinogenȱtoȱfibrin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱprocessȱofȱfibrinolysis A) activatesȱfibrinogen. B) drawsȱtornȱedgesȱofȱdamagedȱtissueȱcloserȱtogether. C) dissolvesȱclots. D) formsȱemboli. E) formsȱthrombi. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱenzymeȱthatȱcanȱdigestȱfibrinȱandȱdissolveȱaȱclotȱis A) thrombin. B) plasmin. C) heparin. D) fibrinase. E) phosphokinase. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Tissueȱfactorȱ(FactorȱIII)ȱisȱaȱfactorȱinȱtheȱ________ȱpathway. A) extrinsic B) intrinsic C) common D) retraction E) fibrinolytic Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Plasmaȱthromboplastinȱisȱaȱfactorȱinȱtheȱ________ȱpathway. A) extrinsic B) intrinsic C) common D) retraction E) fibrinolytic Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱvitaminsȱisȱneededȱforȱtheȱformationȱofȱclottingȱfactors? A) vitaminȱA B) vitaminȱB C) vitaminȱK D) vitaminȱD E) vitaminȱE Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Aȱpersonȱwhoseȱplateletȱcountȱisȱ40,000/ΐlȱisȱsufferingȱfrom A) thrombocytosis. B) leukocytosis. C) hemocytosis. D) thrombocytopenia. E) leukopenia. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Aȱmovingȱbloodȱclotȱisȱcalledȱa(n) A) embolus. B) thrombus. C) plaque. D) procoagulant. E) plateletȱplug. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Areasȱinȱaȱvesselȱwallȱwhereȱlargeȱquantitiesȱofȱlipidȱaccumulateȱareȱcalled A) thrombi. B) emboli. C) plaques. D) clots. E) occlusions. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱplatelets? A) adhereȱtoȱcollagenȱbeneathȱendothelium B) helperȱcellsȱareȱoneȱtype C) produceȱantibodiesȱinȱresponseȱtoȱantigens D) killȱbacteriaȱusingȱhydrogenȱperoxide E) oftenȱelevatedȱinȱallergicȱindividuals Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Plasmaȱisȱclosestȱinȱcompositionȱto A) urine. B) isotonicȱsalineȱsolution. C) sterileȱwater. D) CSF. E) interstitialȱfluid. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdrivesȱexchangeȱofȱfluidsȱbetweenȱtheȱtissuesȱandȱtheȱblood? A) concentrationȱgradients B) osmosis C) hydrostaticȱpressure D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱpresentȱinȱveryȱlowȱlevelsȱinȱplasma? A) electrolytes B) platelets C) fibrinogen D) albumin E) aminoȱacids Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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71) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱformedȱelementsȱofȱblood? A) RBCs B) platelets C) antibodies D) lymphocytes E) basophils Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Eachȱhemoglobinȱmoleculeȱcontains A) fourȱalphaȱchains. B) oneȱalphaȱandȱoneȱbetaȱchain. C) fourȱironȱatoms. D) oneȱhemeȱgroup. E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Plasmaȱcomposesȱaboutȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱwholeȱbloodȱandȱwaterȱcomposesȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱplasma volume. A) 55,ȱ92 B) 92,ȱ7 C) 92,ȱ55 D) 45,ȱ55 E) 50,ȱ50 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Thyroid-bindingȱglobulinȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱwhichȱkindȱofȱplasmaȱprotein? A) metalloprotein B) steroid-binding C) hormone-binding D) apolipoprotein E) transportȱalbumin Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Transferrinȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱwhichȱkindȱofȱplasmaȱprotein? A) metalloprotein B) steroid-bindingȱprotein C) hormone-bindingȱprotein D) apolipoprotein E) transportȱalbumin Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) Whichȱplasmaȱproteinȱtransportsȱfattyȱacidsȱandȱsomeȱhormones? A) translipin B) steroid-bindingȱprotein C) hormone-bindingȱprotein D) albumin E) gammaȱglobulin Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Whichȱplasmaȱproteinȱtransportsȱtestosterone? A) testostoferrin B) sexualin C) hormone-bindingȱalbumin D) apolipoproteinȱT E) testosterone-bindingȱglobulin Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) WhichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱBȱlymphocytes? A) adhereȱtoȱcollagenȱbeneathȱendothelium B) helperȱcellsȱareȱoneȱtype C) produceȱantibodiesȱinȱresponseȱtoȱantigens D) killȱbacteriaȱusingȱhydrogenȱperoxide E) oftenȱelevatedȱinȱallergicȱindividuals Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱproteinsȱisȱ(are)ȱfoundȱinȱplasma? A) prolactin B) luteinizingȱhormone C) insulin D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Whichȱorganȱsecretesȱmostȱofȱtheȱplasmaȱproteins? A) pancreas B) heart C) kidney D) brain E) liver Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Youȱareȱcaringȱforȱanȱadultȱpatientȱwhoȱweighsȱ48ȱkg.ȱWhatȱwouldȱherȱapproximateȱbloodȱvolumeȱbe? A) 6.6ȱL B) 6.0ȱL C) 5.6ȱL D) 4.8ȱL E) 3.8ȱL Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

82) Theȱmostȱabundantȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellsȱare A) NBCs. B) plasmaȱcells. C) ABCs. D) neutrophils. E) monocytes Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱbloodȱcountȱvaluesȱwouldȱbeȱaȱsignȱofȱanemia? A) 10,000ȱWBC B) 3.5ȱmillionȱRBC C) 400,000ȱplatelets D) 5.5ȱmillionȱRBC E) AȱandȱDȱtakenȱtogether Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

84) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱofȱneutrophils? A) lessȱabundantȱthanȱlymphocytes B) canȱmakeȱhydrogenȱperoxide C) canȱexitȱcapillaries D) canȱdestroyȱbacteria E) attractedȱtoȱcomplement-coatedȱbacteria Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱofȱbasophils? A) constituteȱaboutȱ1ȱpercentȱofȱWBCs B) granulesȱcontainȱheparin C) granulesȱcontainȱhistamine D) attractȱotherȱdefenseȱcells E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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86) WhichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱTȱlymphocytes? A) adhereȱtoȱcollagenȱbeneathȱendothelium B) helperȱcellsȱareȱoneȱtype C) produceȱantibodiesȱinȱresponseȱtoȱantigens D) killȱbacteriaȱusingȱhydrogenȱperoxide E) oftenȱelevatedȱinȱallergicȱindividuals Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Theȱyellowȱcolorȱthatȱisȱvisibleȱinȱtheȱeyesȱandȱskinȱinȱjaundiceȱresultsȱfrom A) excessiveȱamountsȱofȱbilirubinȱinȱtheȱplasma. B) extensiveȱbreakdownȱofȱRBCs. C) destructionȱofȱhemoglobin. D) theȱyellowȱpigment,ȱcarotene. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Afterȱdonatingȱ0.5ȱliterȱofȱblood,ȱoneȱwouldȱexpect A) anȱincreasedȱreticulocyteȱcount. B) anȱincreasedȱplateletȱcount. C) anȱincreasedȱerythrocyteȱcount. D) anȱincreasedȱneutrophilȱcount. E) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱclottingȱfactors. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Eileenȱisȱaȱstrictȱveganȱandȱthereforeȱeatsȱnoȱanimalȱproducts.ȱSheȱdevelopsȱanȱanemiaȱthatȱherȱdoctorȱthinksȱis causedȱbyȱaȱnutritionalȱdeficiency.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱlikeliestȱcandidate? A) ironȱdeficiency B) vitaminȱB12ȱdeficiency C) lackȱofȱintrinsicȱfactor D) vitaminȱKȱdeficiency E) vitaminȱB6 ȱdeficiency Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Aȱhematocritȱprovidesȱinformationȱon A) bloodȱtype. B) clottingȱfactors. C) formedȱelementsȱabundance. D) plasmaȱcomposition. E) sedimentationȱrate. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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91) Inȱadults,ȱtheȱonlyȱsiteȱofȱredȱbloodȱcellȱproduction,ȱandȱtheȱprimaryȱsiteȱofȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellȱformation,ȱisȱthe A) liver. B) spleen. C) thymus. D) redȱboneȱmarrow. E) yellowȱboneȱmarrow. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) TheȱmostȱnumerousȱWBCsȱinȱaȱdifferentialȱcountȱofȱaȱhealthyȱindividualȱare A) neutrophils. B) basophils. C) lymphocytes. D) monocytes. E) leukocytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) AȱpersonȱwithȱTypeȱAȱbloodȱhas A) antigenȱAȱonȱtheȱRBCs. B) anti-Bȱagglutininsȱinȱtheȱplasma. C) anti-Aȱagglutininsȱonȱtheȱredȱbloodȱcells. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Hemolyticȱdiseaseȱofȱtheȱnewbornȱmayȱresultȱif A) theȱmotherȱisȱRhȱpositiveȱandȱtheȱfatherȱisȱRhȱnegative. B) bothȱtheȱfatherȱandȱtheȱmotherȱareȱRhȱnegative. C) bothȱtheȱfatherȱandȱtheȱmotherȱareȱRhȱpositive. D) anȱRh-negativeȱmotherȱcarriesȱanȱRh-positiveȱfetus. E) anȱRh-positiveȱmotherȱcarriesȱanȱRh-negativeȱfetus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Eachȱhemeȱringȱinȱhemoglobinȱenclosesȱanȱatomȱof A) magnesium. B) calcium. C) iron. D) sodium. E) copper. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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96) Excessȱironȱisȱstoredȱinȱtheȱliverȱandȱspleenȱas A) transferrin. B) hemosiderin. C) ferritin D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱeosinophils? A) adhereȱtoȱcollagenȱbeneathȱendothelium B) helperȱcellsȱareȱoneȱtype C) produceȱantibodiesȱinȱresponseȱtoȱantigens D) killȱbacteriaȱusingȱhydrogenȱperoxide E) oftenȱelevatedȱinȱallergicȱindividuals Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsituationsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtheȱbloodȱlevelȱofȱbilirubinȱtoȱbe ȱelevated? A) aȱpersonȱsufferingȱfromȱhemolysis B) anȱalcoholicȱwithȱaȱdamagedȱliver C) iron-deficientȱdiet D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) Ifȱbileȱductsȱareȱblocked, A) moreȱbilirubinȱappearsȱinȱtheȱplasma. B) bilirubinȱappearsȱinȱtheȱskinȱandȱeyes. C) moreȱhemolysisȱtakesȱplace. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Whichȱofȱtheseȱproteinsȱfunctionsȱtoȱstoreȱorȱtransportȱiron? A) hemoglobin B) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrin E) B,ȱC,ȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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101) Theȱdiseaseȱsickleȱcellȱanemiaȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱwhatȱcanȱhappenȱif A) theȱdietȱisȱdeficientȱinȱiron. B) thereȱisȱinsufficientȱhemeȱinȱtheȱhemoglobin. C) aȱgeneȱforȱadultȱhemoglobinȱisȱabnormal. D) redȱbloodȱcellsȱbindȱtooȱmuchȱoxygen. E) hemolysisȱisȱpreventedȱbyȱaȱbadȱgene. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Duringȱaȱbacterialȱinfectionȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱseeȱincreasedȱnumbersȱof A) neutrophils. B) eosinophils. C) basophils. D) reticulocytes. E) thrombocytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Theȱpusȱassociatedȱwithȱinfectedȱwoundsȱcontains A) deadȱneutrophils. B) cellularȱdebris. C) tissueȱfluids. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) SomeȱratȱpoisonsȱcontainȱaȱtoxinȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱliverȇsȱabilityȱtoȱutilizeȱvitaminȱK.ȱAnimalsȱthatȱconsumeȱthis poisonȱwouldȱdieȱof A) anemia. B) acidosis. C) hemorrhage. D) thrombocytopenia. E) starvation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

105) Aȱsubstanceȱthatȱactivatesȱplasminogenȱmightȱbeȱusefulȱto A) causeȱclotsȱtoȱformȱfaster. B) causeȱclotȱdissolutionȱtoȱproceedȱfaster. C) initiateȱclotȱformation. D) mimicȱheparin. E) recruitȱneutrophilsȱtoȱanȱinfection. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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106) Howȱwouldȱremovalȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱfromȱaȱbloodȱsampleȱaffectȱcoagulation? A) theȱcoagulationȱpathwayȱwouldȱbeȱlackingȱaȱrequiredȱcofactorȱatȱmanyȱsteps B) coagulationȱwouldȱbeȱprevented C) noȱimportantȱeffectȱbecauseȱmagnesiumȱcanȱsubstituteȱforȱcalcium D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) WhenȱaȱpersonȱwhoȱlivesȱatȱseaȱlevelȱvacationsȱinȱtheȱRockyȱMountains,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpect A) aȱdropȱinȱoxygenȱlevels. B) theȱreleaseȱofȱerythropoietin. C) aȱriseȱinȱhematocrit. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Surgicalȱremovalȱofȱtheȱstomachȱcouldȱcause A) hemophilia. B) perniciousȱanemia. C) thrombocytopenia. D) leukocytosis. E) jaundice. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Maryȱisȱtestedȱforȱtheȱamountȱofȱhemoglobinȱinȱherȱblood.ȱTheȱtestȱresultsȱindicateȱthatȱherȱhemoglobinȱlevelȱis 16ȱg/dLȱofȱblood.ȱThisȱvalueȱindicatesȱthat A) sheȱisȱsufferingȱfromȱanemia. B) sheȱhasȱfewerȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱthanȱnormal. C) herȱhematocritȱisȱprobablyȱlowerȱthanȱnormal. D) sheȱmayȱbeȱsufferingȱfromȱaȱformȱofȱleukemia. E) herȱhemoglobinȱlevelȱisȱnormal. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

110) Anȱobstructionȱinȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneysȱwouldȱultimatelyȱresultȱin A) perniciousȱanemia. B) renalȱanemia. C) increasedȱerythropoiesis. D) decreasedȱerythropoiesis. E) increasedȱsensitivityȱtoȱvitaminȱK. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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111) Theȱlevelȱofȱerythropoietinȱinȱtheȱbloodȱwouldȱriseȱdueȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) duringȱanemia. B) atȱhighȱaltitudes. C) asȱaȱconsequenceȱofȱhemorrhage. D) duringȱperiodsȱofȱfasting. E) whenȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneysȱisȱdisrupted. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

112) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱofȱmonocytes? A) aboutȱsameȱsizeȱasȱbasophils B) enterȱtissuesȱandȱwander C) becomeȱmacrophages D) areȱlongȱlived E) canȱphagocytizeȱbacteria Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

113) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱseeȱinȱincreased numbersȱinȱaȱperipheralȱbloodȱsampleȱafter donatingȱaȱunitȱofȱblood? A) erythrocytes B) platelets C) reticulocytes D) lymphocytes E) neutrophils Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

114) WhatȱareȱcommonȱsourcesȱofȱvitaminȱK? A) greenȱvegetables B) organȱmeats C) wholeȱgrains D) intestinalȱbacteria E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

115) Billȱwantsȱtoȱdetermineȱhisȱbloodȱtype,ȱsoȱheȱtakesȱaȱfewȱdropsȱofȱbloodȱfromȱaȱpunctureȱwoundȱinȱhisȱfinger andȱmixesȱitȱwithȱvariousȱantisera.ȱHisȱbloodȱcellsȱagglutinateȱwhenȱmixedȱwithȱtheȱanti -Aȱseraȱbutȱnotȱwith theȱanti-Bȱorȱanti-Dȱsera.ȱThisȱmeans A) BillȱcouldȱreceiveȱtypeȱA-negativeȱbloodȱinȱaȱtransfusion. B) BillȱcouldȱdonateȱbloodȱtoȱanȱindividualȱwithȱtypeȱABȱblood. C) BillȱisȱRhȱpositive. D) BillȇsȱplasmaȱcontainsȱBȱagglutinins. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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116) PeopleȱwhoȱsufferȱfromȱhemophiliaȱAȱfailȱtoȱproduceȱaȱfunctionalȱFactorȱVIII;ȱasȱaȱresult A) theyȱlackȱaȱfunctionalȱintrinsicȱpathway. B) theyȱlackȱaȱfunctionalȱextrinsicȱpathway. C) theyȱlackȱaȱfunctionalȱcommonȱpathway. D) theirȱcoagulationȱtimesȱareȱmuchȱlongerȱthanȱnormal. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

117) AȱdigestiveȱdisorderȱthatȱimpairsȱaȱpersonȇsȱabilityȱtoȱabsorbȱvitaminȱKȱwillȱresultȱin A) lowȱlevelsȱofȱprothrombin. B) lowȱlevelsȱofȱFactorȱX. C) lowȱlevelsȱofȱthromboplastin. D) prolongedȱbleeding. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

118) Tomȱsuffersȱfromȱsevereȱliverȱdiseaseȱsecondaryȱtoȱalcoholism.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsignsȱwouldȱyouȱexpect toȱseeȱasȱaȱresult? A) decreasedȱclottingȱability B) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱbilirubinȱinȱtheȱblood C) reducedȱironȱstorage D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

119) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrueȱofȱeosinophils? A) granulesȱstainȱwithȱacidȱdyes B) allergicȱpatientsȱhaveȱmany C) haveȱbilobedȱnucleus D) constituteȱaboutȱ2ȱtoȱ4ȱpercentȱofȱWBCs E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

120) Meganȱhasȱanȱinfectedȱpunctureȱwoundȱtoȱherȱfoot.ȱWhichȱtypeȱofȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱbe elevatedȱinȱaȱdifferentialȱwhiteȱcellȱcount? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ19- 1ȱTheȱOriginsȱandȱDifferentiationȱofȱFormedȱElements UseȱFigureȱ19- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 121) IdentifyȱtheȱcellȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) IdentifyȱtheȱcellȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) IdentifyȱtheȱcellȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) neutrophil B) lymphocyte C) platelet D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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124) IdentifyȱtheȱcellȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) eosinophil B) lymphocyte C) erythrocyte D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

125) IdentifyȱtheȱcellȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) lymphocyte B) eosinophil C) basophil D) neutrophil E) monocyte Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Afterȱbloodȱisȱfractionated,ȱitsȱcomponentsȱareȱ________ȱforȱtheȱpurposeȱofȱanalysis. Answer: separated Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Bloodȱvolumeȱrepresentsȱaboutȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱaȱpersonȇsȱbodyȱweight. Answer: 7 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Neutrophilsȱusuallyȱmakeȱupȱfromȱ________ȱtoȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱcirculatingȱwhiteȱbloodȱcells. Answer: 50;ȱ70 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Bloodȱisȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱpercentȱformedȱelementsȱbyȱvolume. Answer: 45 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Erythropoiesisȱisȱstimulatedȱbyȱaȱkidney-derivedȱhormoneȱcalledȱ________. Answer: erythropoietinȱ(EPO) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Hormonesȱcalledȱ________ȱareȱinvolvedȱinȱregulationȱofȱwhiteȱbloodȱcellȱpopulations. Answer: colony-stimulatingȱfactors Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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7) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱprocedureȱthatȱisȱusedȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱnumberȱofȱeachȱofȱtheȱvariousȱtypesȱofȱwhiteȱblood cells. Answer: differentialȱcount Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱfibrinȱnetworkȱthatȱcontainsȱtrappedȱbloodȱcellsȱandȱplateletsȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: bloodȱclot Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Plasminogenȱisȱconvertedȱtoȱitsȱactiveȱformȱbyȱanȱenzymeȱcalledȱ________. Answer: tissueȱplasminogenȱactivator Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Reticulocytesȱcompleteȱtheirȱdevelopmentȱintoȱ________ȱinȱtheȱcirculation. Answer: erythrocytesȱ(orȱRBCsȱorȱredȱbloodȱcells) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱdefinition. 1.ȱalbumins 2.ȱglobulins 3.ȱimmunoglobulins

A)ȱantibodiesȱforȱdefense B)ȱareȱtheȱmostȱabundantȱplasmaȱprotein C)ȱincludeȱmanyȱtransportȱproteins

Answer: 1-B;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Endothelialȱcellsȱreleaseȱ________thatȱstimulateȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcontractionȱandȱaccelerateȱtheȱrepairȱprocess. Answer: endothelins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) TheȱnormalȱpHȱofȱbloodȱisȱ________. Answer: slightlyȱalkalineȱ(7.4) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱisȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱRBCȇsȱabilityȱtoȱtransportȱoxygenȱandȱCO 2 . Answer: Hemoglobin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) ________ȱisȱtheȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱtheȱoxygen-carryingȱcapacityȱofȱbloodȱisȱreduced,ȱowingȱtoȱaȱlowȱblood hemoglobinȱconcentration. Answer: Anemia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Bloodȱaidsȱinȱtheȱregulationȱofȱbodyȱtemperature. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱbloodȱofȱaȱfetusȱandȱitsȱmotherȱareȱalmostȱidentical. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Hemoglobinȱcanȱbindȱandȱtransportȱfourȱmoleculesȱofȱoxygen. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) HowȱdoesȱRhogamȱpreventȱerythroblastosis fetalis (HDN,ȱhemolyticȱdiseaseȱofȱtheȱnewborn)? Answer: IfȱaȱmotherȱwhoȱisȱRhȱnegativeȱcarriesȱaȱfetusȱwhoȱisȱRhȱpositive,ȱsheȱwillȱmakeȱantibodiesȱagainstȱitsȱRh RBCsȱafterȱbeingȱexposedȱtoȱtheȱinfantȇsȱbloodȱduringȱlaborȱandȱdelivery.ȱByȱgivingȱaȱdoseȱofȱanti -Rh antibodyȱ(Rhogam)ȱjustȱbeforeȱorȱafterȱdelivery,ȱtheȱfetalȱredȱcellsȱwillȱbeȱagglutinatedȱandȱremoved fromȱtheȱmotherȇsȱcirculationȱbeforeȱherȱimmuneȱsystemȱwillȱhaveȱtimeȱtoȱmakeȱanti -Rhȱantibodiesȱthat wouldȱendangerȱherȱnextȱRh-positiveȱoffspring. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱformedȱelementsȱwouldȱincreaseȱafterȱtheȱdonationȱofȱaȱpintȱofȱblood? Answer: ReticulocytesȱwouldȱincreaseȱinȱnumberȱasȱadditionalȱnumbersȱofȱimmatureȱRBCsȱmoveȱintoȱthe bloodstreamȱtoȱcompensateȱforȱtheȱreductionȱinȱbloodȱvolume. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Whyȱdoȱpeopleȱwithȱadvancedȱkidneyȱdiseaseȱcommonlyȱbecomeȱanemic? Answer: Forȱthreeȱreasons:ȱ(1)ȱDamagedȱkidneysȱproduceȱlessȱerythropoietinȱandȱsoȱthereȱisȱlessȱstimulationȱof theȱmarrowȱtoȱproduceȱRBCs.ȱ(2)ȱAlso,ȱerythropoietinȱisȱmoreȱeasilyȱlostȱintoȱtheȱurineȱbyȱleakyȱkidneys. (3)ȱFinally,ȱduringȱdialysisȱtreatment,ȱtheȱpatientȇsȱerythropoietinȱisȱwashedȱaway.ȱTreatmentȱforȱkidney patientsȱtodayȱincludesȱinjectionsȱofȱsyntheticȱerythropoietin. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ20 TheȱHeart MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Bloodȱreturningȱtoȱtheȱheartȱfromȱtheȱsystemicȱcircuitȱfirstȱentersȱthe A) rightȱatrium. B) rightȱventricle. C) leftȱatrium. D) leftȱventricle. E) conusȱarteriosus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Bloodȱreturningȱtoȱtheȱheartȱfromȱtheȱpulmonaryȱcircuitȱfirstȱentersȱthe A) rightȱatrium. B) rightȱventricle. C) leftȱatrium. D) leftȱventricle. E) conusȱarteriosus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱearlikeȱextensionȱofȱtheȱatriumȱisȱthe A) ventricle. B) coronaryȱsinus. C) coronaryȱsulcus. D) auricle. E) atricle. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱcoronaryȱsulcusȱisȱaȱgrooveȱthat A) marksȱtheȱborderȱbetweenȱtheȱatriaȱandȱventricles. B) marksȱtheȱboundaryȱlineȱbetweenȱtheȱrightȱandȱleftȱventricles. C) marksȱtheȱboundaryȱlineȱbetweenȱtheȱrightȱandȱleftȱatria. D) separatesȱtheȱatrioventricularȱvalvesȱfromȱtheȱatria. E) separatesȱtheȱcoronaryȱarteriesȱfromȱtheȱcoronaryȱveins. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Inȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱthoracicȱcavityȱisȱaȱregionȱoccupiedȱbyȱtheȱheart,ȱgreatȱvessels,ȱthymus,ȱesophagus,ȱand tracheaȱcalledȱthe A) pleuralȱspace. B) pericardialȱspace. C) mediastinum. D) cardiacȱnotch. E) ventralȱcavity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱcuspsȱ(leaflets)ȱofȱatrioventricularȱvalvesȱattachȱdirectlyȱto A) papillaryȱmuscles. B) trabeculaeȱcarneae. C) chordaeȱtendineae. D) interatrialȱsepta. E) coronaryȱsulci. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Contractionsȱofȱtheȱpapillaryȱmuscles A) closeȱtheȱatrioventricularȱvalves. B) closeȱtheȱsemilunarȱvalves. C) ejectȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱventricles. D) preventȱtheȱatrioventricularȱvalvesȱfromȱreversingȱintoȱtheȱatria. E) ejectȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱatriaȱintoȱtheȱventricles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱvisceralȱpericardiumȱisȱtheȱsameȱasȱthe A) mediastinum. B) parietalȱpericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Mostȱofȱtheȱmiddleȱlayerȱinȱtheȱheartȱwallȱisȱcomposedȱof A) cardiacȱmyocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) epitheliocytes. D) fibrocytes. E) smoothȱmuscleȱcells. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

10) Theȱrightȱventricleȱpumpsȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) rightȱandȱleftȱlungs. B) leftȱventricle. C) leftȱatrium. D) aorta. E) rightȱatrium. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱleftȱventricleȱpumpsȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) lungs. B) rightȱventricle. C) rightȱatrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonaryȱcircuit. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱrightȱatriumȱreceivesȱbloodȱfromȱthe A) coronaryȱsinus. B) superiorȱvenaȱcava. C) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Bloodȱflowingȱintoȱtheȱheartȱfromȱtheȱvenaeȱcavaeȱflowsȱnextȱthroughȱtheȱ________ȱvalve. A) mitral B) bicuspid C) tricuspid D) pulmonaryȱsemilunar E) aorticȱsemilunar Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Asȱbloodȱleavesȱtheȱrightȱventricleȱitȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱ________ȱandȱthenȱintoȱtheȱpulmonaryȱtrunk. A) pulmonaryȱveins B) conusȱarteriosus C) aorta D) inferiorȱvenaȱcava E) superiorȱvenaȱcava Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱpulmonaryȱsemilunarȱvalveȱpreventsȱbackwardȱflowȱintoȱthe A) aorta. B) pulmonaryȱtrunk. C) pulmonaryȱveins. D) rightȱventricle. E) leftȱatrium. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱbicuspidȱorȱmitralȱvalveȱisȱlocated A) inȱtheȱopeningȱofȱtheȱaorta. B) inȱtheȱopeningȱofȱtheȱpulmonaryȱtrunk. C) whereȱtheȱvenaeȱcavaeȱjoinȱtheȱrightȱatrium. D) betweenȱtheȱrightȱatriumȱandȱrightȱventricle. E) betweenȱtheȱleftȱatriumȱandȱleftȱventricle. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱ________ȱvalveȱpreventsȱbackwardȱflowȱintoȱtheȱleftȱatrium. A) semicaval B) semilunar C) bicuspid D) tricuspid E) pulmonic Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱatriumȱisȱto A) collectȱblood. B) pumpȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱlungs. C) pumpȱbloodȱintoȱtheȱsystemicȱcircuit. D) pumpȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱventricle. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Comparedȱtoȱtheȱrightȱventricle,ȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱhasȱallȱtheȱfollowingȱcharacteristics,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) hasȱaȱthickerȱwall. B) isȱroundȱinȱcrossȱsection. C) pumpsȱaȱgreaterȱvolume. D) worksȱharder. E) producesȱaboutȱsixȱtoȱeightȱtimesȱmoreȱpressureȱwhenȱitȱcontracts. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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20) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱvesselsȱandȱstructuresȱthatȱareȱassociatedȱwithȱtheȱheart. 1.ȱrightȱatrium 2.ȱleftȱatrium 3.ȱrightȱventricle 4.ȱleftȱventricle 5.ȱvenaeȱcavae 6.ȱaorta 7.ȱpulmonaryȱtrunk 8.ȱpulmonaryȱveins Whatȱisȱtheȱcorrectȱorderȱforȱtheȱflowȱofȱbloodȱenteringȱfromȱtheȱsystemicȱcirculation? A) 1,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ8,ȱ3,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ5 B) 1,ȱ7,ȱ3,ȱ8,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ5 C) 5,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ7,ȱ8,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ6 D) 5,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ7,ȱ8,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ6 E) 5,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ8,ȱ7,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ6 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱpulmonaryȱarteriesȱcarryȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱpulmonaryȱveinsȱcarryȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱforamenȱovaleȱinȱtheȱfetalȱheartȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) rightȱatrium. B) leftȱatrium. C) rightȱventricle. D) leftȱventricle. E) interatrialȱseptum. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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24) Bloodȱisȱsuppliedȱtoȱtheȱmyocardiumȱby A) theȱcoronaryȱsinus. B) contactȱwithȱbloodȱinȱtheȱpumpingȱchambers. C) theȱcoronaryȱarteries. D) arteriesȱthatȱbranchȱfromȱtheȱpulmonaryȱarteries. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱfirstȱbloodȱvesselsȱtoȱbranchȱfromȱtheȱaortaȱareȱtheȱ________ȱarteries. A) pulmonary B) coronary C) circumflex D) carotid E) subclavian Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱmarginalȱbranchȱandȱposteriorȱinterventricularȱbranchȱareȱbranchesȱofȱthe A) rightȱcoronaryȱartery. B) leftȱcoronaryȱartery. C) circumflexȱartery. D) coronaryȱsinus. E) aorta. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱcircumflexȱbranchȱandȱtheȱanteriorȱinterventricularȱarteryȱareȱbranchesȱofȱthe A) rightȱcoronaryȱartery. B) leftȱcoronaryȱartery. C) interventricularȱartery. D) coronaryȱsinus. E) aorta. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱgreatȱandȱmiddleȱcardiacȱveinsȱdrainȱbloodȱintoȱthe A) superiorȱvenaȱcava. B) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. C) coronaryȱsinus. D) coronaryȱsulcus. E) aorta. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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29) Theȱheartȱisȱinnervatedȱbyȱ________ȱnerves. A) parasympathetic B) sympathetic C) bothȱparasympatheticȱandȱsympathetic D) neitherȱparasympatheticȱnorȱsympathetic E) somatomotor Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Inȱcardiacȱmuscle,ȱtheȱfastȱdepolarizationȱphaseȱofȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱtheȱresultȱof A) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodiumȱions. B) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱpotassiumȱions. C) decreasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱcalciumȱions. D) decreasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodiumȱions. E) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱchlorideȱions. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱlongȱplateauȱphaseȱofȱtheȱcardiacȱmuscleȱactionȱpotentialȱisȱdueȱto A) movementȱofȱfewerȱsodiumȱionsȱacrossȱtheȱcellȱmembrane. B) calciumȱchannelsȱremainingȱopen. C) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱpotassiumȱion. D) decreaseȱinȱtheȱamountȱofȱcalciumȱdiffusingȱacrossȱtheȱmembrane. E) increasedȱmembraneȱpermeabilityȱtoȱsodiumȱions. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Inȱcardiacȱmuscle A) calciumȱionsȱareȱnotȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. B) calciumȱionsȱdoȱnotȱbindȱtoȱtroponinȱmolecules. C) calciumȱionsȱplayȱnoȱroleȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱcontraction. D) atȱleastȱhalfȱofȱtheȱcalciumȱionȱrequiredȱforȱcontractionȱcomesȱfromȱoutsideȱtheȱcell. E) calciumȱionsȱplayȱanȱimportantȱroleȱinȱrepolarizingȱtheȱmembraneȱafterȱtheȱdepolarizationȱphase. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱnormalȱpacemakerȱofȱtheȱheartȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) Purkinjeȱfibers. B) sinoatrialȱnode. C) atrioventricularȱnode. D) wallȱofȱtheȱleftȱventricle. E) bothȱtheȱleftȱandȱrightȱventricles. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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34) Theȱfollowingȱareȱstructuralȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱconductingȱsystemȱofȱtheȱheart. 1.ȱPurkinjeȱfibers 2.ȱAVȱbundle 3.ȱAVȱnode 4.ȱSAȱnode 5.ȱbundleȱbranches Theȱsequenceȱinȱwhichȱexcitationȱwouldȱmoveȱthroughȱthisȱsystemȱis A) 1,ȱ4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ5. B) 3,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ1. C) 3,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ1. D) 4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ1. E) 4,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ1. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) TheȱPȱwaveȱofȱtheȱelectrocardiogramȱisȱaȱsignalȱfrom A) depolarizationȱofȱtheȱSAȱnode. B) depolarizationȱofȱtheȱAVȱnode. C) depolarizationȱofȱtheȱatria. D) repolarizationȱofȱtheȱatria. E) depolarizationȱofȱtheȱventricles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Depolarizationȱofȱtheȱventriclesȱisȱrepresentedȱonȱanȱelectrocardiogramȱbyȱthe A) Pȱwave. B) Tȱwave. C) Sȱwave. D) QRSȱcomplex. E) PRȱcomplex. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) TheȱTȱwaveȱonȱanȱECGȱtracingȱrepresents A) atrialȱdepolarization. B) atrialȱrepolarization. C) ventricularȱdepolarization. D) ventricularȱrepolarization. E) ventricularȱcontraction. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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38) Analysisȱofȱtheȱelectrocardiogramȱcanȱrevealȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱthe A) heartȱrate. B) strokeȱvolume. C) conditionȱofȱtheȱconductingȱsystem. D) effectsȱofȱdrugsȱandȱpoisons. E) durationȱofȱtheȱventricularȱactionȱpotential. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱfirstȱheartȱsoundȱisȱheardȱwhenȱthe A) AVȱvalvesȱopen. B) AVȱvalvesȱclose. C) semilunarȱvalvesȱclose. D) atriaȱcontract. E) bloodȱentersȱtheȱaorta. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Duringȱtheȱisovolumetricȱphaseȱofȱventricularȱsystole,ȱthe A) atriaȱareȱcontractingȱandȱtheȱventriclesȱareȱrelaxing. B) atrioventricularȱvalvesȱandȱsemilunarȱvalvesȱareȱclosed. C) bloodȱisȱejectedȱintoȱtheȱgreatȱvessels. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Duringȱtheȱcardiacȱcycle,ȱthe A) PȱwaveȱofȱtheȱECGȱoccursȱbetweenȱtheȱfirstȱandȱsecondȱheartȱsounds. B) QRSȱcomplexȱofȱtheȱECGȱprecedesȱtheȱincreaseȱinȱventricularȱpressure. C) secondȱheartȱsoundȱoccursȱduringȱatrialȱsystole. D) firstȱheartȱsoundȱcoincidesȱwithȱtheȱQRSȱcomplexȱofȱtheȱECG. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱvolumeȱofȱbloodȱejectedȱfromȱeachȱventricleȱduringȱaȱcontractionȱisȱcalledȱthe A) end-diastolicȱvolume. B) end-systolicȱvolume. C) strokeȱvolume. D) cardiacȱoutput. E) cardiacȱreserve. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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43) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱwillȱincreaseȱcardiacȱoutput,ȱexceptȱ A) increasedȱvenousȱreturn. B) increasedȱparasympatheticȱstimulation. C) increasedȱsympatheticȱstimulation. D) increasedȱheartȱrate. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

44) ȈAnȱincreaseȱinȱend-diastolicȱvolumeȱincreasesȱtheȱstrokeȱvolumeȈȱisȱaȱwayȱofȱstating A) Robinȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart. B) Finchȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart. C) Starlingȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart. D) Sparrowȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart. E) Hawkingȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱincreaseȱheartȱrate? A) increasedȱsympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱSAȱnode B) decreasedȱparasympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱnodalȱfibers C) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱepinephrine D) fasterȱdepolarizationȱofȱtheȱpacemakerȱpotential E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Theȱphaseȱinȱtheȱcardiacȱcycleȱwhenȱtheȱmitralȱvalveȱisȱclosedȱandȱtheȱaorticȱvalveȱisȱopenȱisȱthe A) atrialȱsystole. B) earlyȱdiastolicȱfillingȱphase. C) lateȱdiastolicȱfillingȱphase. D) systolicȱejectionȱphase. E) dicroticȱphase. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

47) Drugsȱthatȱblockȱtheȱbeta-oneȱadrenergicȱreceptorsȱwill A) increaseȱheartȱrate. B) decreaseȱheartȱrate. C) increaseȱcontractility. D) increaseȱcardiacȱoutput. E) decreaseȱtheȱend-systolicȱvolume. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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48) Arteryȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱveinȱisȱtoȱ________. A) efferent;ȱafferent B) afferent;ȱefferent C) toward;ȱaway D) afferent;ȱaway E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱheartȱbeatsȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱtimesȱeachȱday. A) 1,000 B) 10,000 C) 100,000 D) 1,000,000 E) 10,000,000 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱheartȱpumpsȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱlitersȱofȱbloodȱeachȱday. A) 8,000 B) 15,000 C) 20,000 D) 50,000 E) 100,000 Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱheartȱisȱroughlyȱtheȱsizeȱof A) aȱthigh. B) aȱmanȇsȱclenchedȱfist. C) theȱgallbladder. D) theȱhandȱofȱaȱ10-year-old. E) Texas. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱwallȱofȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱisȱthickerȱthanȱtheȱrightȱbecause A) theȱleftȱventricleȱdoesȱmoreȱworkȱthanȱtheȱrightȱventricle. B) theȱleftȱventricleȱpumpsȱaȱgreaterȱvolumeȱofȱbloodȱthanȱtheȱrightȱventricle. C) theȱleftȱventricleȱproducesȱaȱhigherȱpressureȱthanȱtheȱright. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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53) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱnearȱtheȱleftȱfifthȱintercostalȱspace? A) pericardialȱcavity B) visceralȱpericardium C) apexȱofȱheart D) aorta E) rightȱatrium Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) Theȱtermȱusedȱtoȱdescribeȱfluidȱcollectingȱinȱtheȱpericardialȱcavityȱthatȱrestrictsȱtheȱmovementȱofȱtheȱheartȱis knownȱas A) cardiacȱtamponade. B) mitralȱvalveȱprolapse. C) pleuralȱeffusion. D) cardiomyopathy. E) pericarditis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

55) Theȱinterventricularȱsulciȱandȱcoronaryȱsulcusȱcontain A) fat. B) arteries. C) veins. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

56) Intercalatedȱdiscsȱserveȱtoȱtransferȱ________ȱfromȱcellȱtoȱcell. A) ionicȱcurrents B) actionȱpotentials C) theȱforceȱofȱcontraction D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

57) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱandȱskeletalȱmuscleȱcellsȱdifferȱinȱaȱfewȱways.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱ not oneȱofȱthem? A) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱareȱsmallerȱinȱsize. B) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱhaveȱaȱsingle,ȱcenteredȱnucleus. C) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱbranch. D) Skeletalȱmuscleȱcellsȱlackȱintercalatedȱdiscs. E) Cardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱlackȱtransverseȱtubules. Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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58) Theȱatrioventricularȱvalvesȱpermitȱbloodȱflow A) inȱoneȱdirectionȱonly. B) inȱbothȱdirections. C) inȱmanyȱdirections. D) inȱoppositeȱdirectionsȱonȱtheȱrightȱandȱleft. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) DuringȱtheȱTȱwaveȱofȱtheȱelectrocardiogram,ȱtheȱventriclesȱare A) depolarizing. B) repolarizing. C) contracting. D) relaxing. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

60) Coronaryȱveinsȱemptyȱintoȱthe A) leftȱatrium. B) leftȱventricle. C) rightȱatrium. D) rightȱventricle. E) conusȱarteriosus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

61) Thereȱareȱ________ȱpulmonaryȱveins. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Ruptureȱofȱtheȱpapillaryȱmusclesȱinȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱmayȱresultȱin A) mitralȱregurgitation. B) mitralȱvalveȱprolapse. C) bicuspidȱregurgitation. D) bicuspidȱprolapse. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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63) Whenȱtheȱsemilunarȱvalvesȱclose,ȱtheȱAVȱvalvesȱthen A) close. B) open. C) makeȱtheȱthirdȱheartȱsound. D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

64) Theȱ________ȱdeliver(s)ȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱmyocardium. A) rightȱcoronaryȱartery B) rightȱcoronaryȱvein C) superiorȱvenaȱcava D) leftȱcoronaryȱartery E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱ________ȱventricleȱhasȱaȱgreaterȱworkloadȱthanȱtheȱ________. A) left;ȱrightȱventricle B) right;ȱleftȱventricle C) right;ȱsystemicȱcirculation D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

66) Theȱconnectiveȱtissueȱfibersȱofȱtheȱmyocardium A) addȱstrengthȱandȱpreventȱoverexpansionȱofȱtheȱheart. B) helpȱdistributeȱtheȱforcesȱofȱcontraction. C) provideȱelasticityȱtoȱhelpȱreturnȱtheȱheartȱtoȱitsȱnormalȱsize. D) provideȱphysicalȱsupportȱforȱcardiacȱmuscle. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Bloodȱisȱsuppliedȱtoȱtheȱleftȱatriumȱbyȱthe A) brachiocephalicȱartery. B) rightȱcoronaryȱartery. C) leftȱcoronaryȱartery. D) phrenicȱarteries. E) pulmonaryȱarteries. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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68) Aȱheartȱmurmurȱmightȱbeȱcausedȱby A) aorticȱvalveȱstenosis. B) mitralȱvalveȱinsufficiency. C) pulmonicȱvalveȱinsufficiency. D) BȱorȱC E) AȱorȱBȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Aȱheartbeatȱlasts A) 3ȱseconds. B) 370ȱmsec. C) 5ȱseconds. D) 100ȱmsec. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) PacemakerȱcellsȱinȱtheȱSAȱnode A) haveȱaȱwell-definedȱrestingȱpotential. B) showȱaȱslowȱspontaneousȱdepolarization. C) areȱconnectedȱbyȱgapȱjunctionsȱtoȱatrialȱmyocytes. D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

71) Theȱfirstȱheartȱsoundȱ(ȈlubȈ) A) isȱassociatedȱwithȱatrialȱsystole. B) isȱassociatedȱwithȱclosingȱofȱtheȱmitralȱvalve. C) isȱassociatedȱwithȱopeningȱofȱtheȱmitralȱvalve. D) isȱassociatedȱwithȱclosingȱofȱtheȱaorticȱvalve. E) isȱassociatedȱwithȱopeningȱofȱtheȱaorticȱvalve. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) PacemakerȱcellsȱisolatedȱfromȱtheȱSAȱnodeȱgenerateȱactionȱpotentialsȱatȱȱ________ȱbeatsȱperȱminute. A) 20 —40 B) 40 —60 C) 80 —100 D) 100 —140 E) 140 —180 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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73) ________ȱisȱtoȱslowȱheartȱrateȱasȱ________ȱisȱtoȱfastȱheartȱrate. A) Tachycardia;ȱbradycardia B) Bradycardia;ȱcardiomyopathy C) Bradycardia;ȱtachycardia D) Cardiacȱtamponade;ȱbradycardia E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) DepolarizationȱofȱtheȱatriaȱcorrespondsȱtoȱtheȱEKGȇs A) Pȱwave. B) QRSȱcomplex. C) QTȱinterval. D) Tȱwave. E) S-Tȱsegment. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) ________ȱisȱtoȱcontractionȱasȱ________ȱisȱtoȱrelaxation. A) Systole;ȱdiastole B) Diastole;ȱsystole C) Filling;ȱrelaxing D) Ejection;ȱfilling E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Theȱstructureȱthatȱpermitsȱbloodȱflowȱfromȱtheȱrightȱatriumȱtoȱtheȱleftȱatriumȱinȱtheȱfetalȱcirculationȱisȱthe A) foramenȱovale. B) interatrialȱseptum. C) coronaryȱsinus. D) fossaȱovalis. E) ligamentumȱarteriosus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Bloodȱleavesȱtheȱrightȱventricleȱbyȱpassingȱthroughȱthe A) aorticȱvalve. B) pulmonaryȱvalve. C) mitralȱvalve. D) tricuspidȱvalve. E) bicuspidȱvalve. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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78) Excessȱfluidȱinȱtheȱ________ȱcausesȱcardiacȱtamponade. A) pericardialȱcavity B) visceralȱpericardium C) apexȱofȱheart D) leftȱventricle E) bothȱatria Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Tetanicȱmuscleȱcontractionsȱdonȇtȱoccurȱinȱaȱnormalȱcardiacȱmuscleȱbecause A) cardiacȱmuscleȱtissueȱcontractsȱonȱitsȱown. B) neuralȱstimulationȱisȱlacking. C) theȱrefractoryȱperiodȱlastsȱuntilȱtheȱmuscleȱrelaxes. D) theȱrefractoryȱperiodȱendsȱbeforeȱtheȱmuscleȱreachesȱpeakȱtension. E) potassiumȱchannelsȱoutnumberȱsodiumȱchannels. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Strokeȱvolumeȱdependsȱon A) endȱdiastolicȱvolume. B) theȱcontractilityȱofȱtheȱventricle. C) theȱpressureȱrequiredȱtoȱpumpȱbloodȱintoȱtheȱaorta. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Whichȱofȱtheseȱcomparisonsȱbetweenȱskeletalȱandȱheartȱmuscleȱisȱfalse? A) bothȱhaveȱT-tubules. B) bothȱreleaseȱcalciumȱionȱfromȱtheȱsarcoplasmicȱreticulum. C) bothȱareȱstriated. D) bothȱrelyȱentirelyȱonȱoxidativeȱmetabolismȱforȱenergy. E) bothȱtriggerȱcontractionȱbyȱmembraneȱdepolarization. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Cardiacȱoutputȱcanȱbeȱincreasedȱbyȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱexcept one.ȱChooseȱtheȱexception. A) decreasingȱejectionȱfraction B) decreasingȱendȱsystolicȱvolume C) increasingȱstrokeȱvolume D) increasingȱejectionȱfraction E) increasingȱheartȱrate Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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83) Duringȱventricularȱsystole,ȱthe A) atriaȱareȱcontracting. B) bloodȱisȱenteringȱtheȱventricles. C) AVȱvalvesȱareȱclosed. D) pressureȱinȱtheȱventriclesȱremainsȱconstant. E) pressureȱinȱtheȱaortaȱremainsȱconstant. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Whenȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱcontracts,ȱtheȱdistanceȱfromȱtheȱapexȱtoȱtheȱbase A) increases. B) decreases. C) remainsȱunchanged. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Whenȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱcontracts,ȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱtheȱventricularȱchamber A) increases. B) decreases. C) remainsȱtheȱsame. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

86) Asȱaȱresultȱofȱtheȱlongȱrefractoryȱperiodȱinȱtheȱcardiacȱactionȱpotential,ȱcardiacȱmuscleȱcannotȱexhibit A) tonus. B) treppe. C) tetany. D) recruitment. E) fatigue. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Atȱaȱheartȱrateȱofȱ60ȱbeats/minute,ȱaȱcardiacȱcycleȱlasts A) 60ȱseconds. B) 60ȱmilliseconds. C) 1ȱsecond. D) 370ȱmilliseconds. E) 630ȱmilliseconds. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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88) Drugsȱknownȱasȱcalciumȱchannelȱblockersȱsuchȱasȱnifedipineȱcanȱbeȱusedȱto A) decreaseȱtheȱforceȱofȱcardiacȱcontraction. B) decreaseȱbloodȱpressure. C) dilateȱtheȱcoronaryȱarteries. D) produceȱaȱnegativeȱinotropicȱeffect. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Cardiacȱcellsȱdamagedȱbyȱinfarctionȱwillȱshowȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) switchȱtoȱanaerobicȱmetabolism. B) releaseȱofȱenzymesȱintoȱtheȱcirculation. C) releaseȱofȱtroponinȱTȱandȱIȱintoȱtheȱcirculation. D) releaseȱofȱMB-CKȱintoȱtheȱcirculation. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Whenȱaȱbloodȱclotȱformsȱonȱaȱrupturedȱplaqueȱinȱaȱcoronaryȱartery,ȱtheȱconditionȱisȱreferredȱtoȱasȱa(n) A) coronaryȱspasm. B) myocardialȱinfarction. C) coronaryȱthrombosis. D) anginaȱpectoris. E) pulmonaryȱembolism. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Anȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱrateȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱfromȱbaroreceptorsȱwillȱreflexlyȱleadȱto A) increaseȱinȱheartȱrate. B) decreaseȱinȱheartȱrate. C) decreaseȱinȱbloodȱpressure. D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) AVȱnodalȱcellsȱareȱpoorlyȱinterconnectedȱcomparedȱtoȱcontractileȱcellsȱbutȱtheyȱhaveȱbiggerȱdiameters. A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱfalse. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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93) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreaterȱduringȱleftȱventricularȱsystole? A) theȱpeakȱpressureȱinȱtheȱventricle B) theȱpeakȱpressureȱinȱtheȱaorta C) Neitherȱisȱgreater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Ifȱtheȱconnectionȱbetweenȱtheȱvagusȱnerveȱandȱtheȱheartȱisȱcut,ȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱchangesȱwillȱoccur? A) heartȱwillȱbeatȱslower B) strokeȱvolumeȱwillȱdecrease C) cardiacȱoutputȱwillȱdecrease D) nodalȱfibersȱwillȱdepolarizeȱmoreȱslowly E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

95) Heartȱrateȱisȱcontrolledȱbyȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱcardiovascularȱcenterȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) pons. B) thalamus. C) medullaȱoblongata. D) hypothalamus. E) higherȱcenters. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) Cardiacȱoutputȱisȱincreasedȱby A) moreȱsympatheticȱstimulation. B) increasedȱendȱsystolicȱvolume. C) increasedȱstrokeȱvolume. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱgreater?ȱ A) theȱend-diastolicȱvolumeȱwhenȱtheȱheartȱrateȱisȱ150ȱbeats/minute B) theȱend-diastolicȱvolumeȱwhenȱtheȱheartȱrateȱisȱ60ȱbeats/minute Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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98) Acetylcholineȱslowsȱtheȱheartȱbecauseȱit A) opensȱpotassiumȱionȱchannelsȱinȱSAȱnodeȱcells. B) opensȱsodium-calciumȱionȱchannelsȱinȱSAȱnodeȱcells. C) causesȱtheȱpacemakerȱpotentialȱtoȱdepolarizeȱmoreȱquickly. D) causesȱtheȱpacemakerȱpotentialȱtoȱdepolarizeȱmoreȱslowly. E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) Activationȱofȱwhichȱkindȱofȱreceptorȱcausesȱheartȱrateȱtoȱincrease? A) alpha-oneȱreceptor B) beta-oneȱreceptor C) muscarinicȱreceptor D) beta-twoȱreceptor E) preganglionic Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) Abnormallyȱslowȱdepolarizationȱofȱtheȱventriclesȱwouldȱmostȱȱchangeȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱ________ȱinȱanȱECG tracing. A) Pȱwave B) Tȱwave C) QRSȱcomplex D) P-Rȱinterval E) R-Tȱinterval Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) Theȱcardioacceleratoryȱcenterȱactivatesȱsympatheticȱneuronsȱandȱtheȱcardioinhibitoryȱcenterȱcontrols parasympatheticȱneurons. A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱfalse. E) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱtrueȱandȱrelateȱtoȱbrainstemȱcontrolȱofȱheartȱrate. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) IfȱtheȱpacemakerȱcellsȱinȱtheȱSAȱnodeȱbecomeȱmoreȱpermeableȱtoȱpotassiumȱions,ȱthe A) heartȱrateȱwillȱincrease. B) heartȱrateȱwillȱdecrease. C) membraneȱwillȱdepolarize. D) membraneȱwillȱhyperpolarize. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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103) IfȱtheȱconnectionȱbetweenȱtheȱSAȱnodeȱandȱAVȱnodeȱbecomesȱblocked, A) theȱventriclesȱwillȱbeatȱfaster. B) theȱventriclesȱwillȱbeatȱmoreȱslowly. C) theȱventricularȱbeatȱwillȱremainȱunchanged. D) cardiacȱoutputȱwillȱincrease. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

104) InȱorderȱtoȱperformȱaȱCABG,ȱaȱcardiacȱsurgeonȱmust A) openȱtheȱpericardialȱsac. B) visualizeȱtheȱvisceralȱpericardium. C) visualizeȱtheȱparietalȱpericardium. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

105) Whatȱeffectȱwouldȱcompressingȱtheȱinferiorȱvenaȱcavaȱjustȱbelowȱtheȱdiaphragmȱhaveȱonȱcardiacȱfunction? A) Strokeȱvolumeȱwouldȱincrease. B) Cardiacȱoutputȱwouldȱincrease. C) Sympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheartȱwouldȱincrease. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

106) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱtrueȱaboutȱtheȱatrialȱreflex? A) alsoȱcalledȱBainbridgeȱreflex B) triggeredȱbyȱatrialȱmechanoreceptors C) triggeredȱbyȱincreasingȱvenousȱreturn D) dependsȱonȱsympatheticȱinnervation E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

107) Whichȱofȱtheseȱwouldȱcauseȱstrokeȱvolumeȱtoȱincrease? A) whenȱvenousȱreturnȱisȱincreased B) whenȱvenousȱreturnȱisȱdecreased C) whenȱdiastolicȱȱbloodȱpressureȱisȱdecreased D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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108) Ifȱaȱpatientȇsȱtricuspidȱvalveȱwasȱleakingȱduringȱsystole,ȱwhatȱwouldȱhappen? A) regurgitationȱintoȱtheȱrightȱatrium B) regurgitationȱintoȱtheȱsuperiorȱvenaȱcava C) diastolicȱmurmur D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

109) Davidȱsuffersȱfromȱaȱprolapsedȱmitralȱvalve.ȱThisȱconditionȱwouldȱcause A) increasedȱeffortȱbyȱtheȱrightȱventricle. B) increasedȱeffortȱbyȱtheȱleftȱventricle. C) systolicȱmurmur. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

110) IfȱthereȱisȱaȱcompleteȱblockȱbetweenȱtheȱSAȱnodeȱandȱtheȱAVȱnode,ȱhowȱwouldȱtheȱECGȱbeȱaffected? A) TheȱP-Rȱintervalȱwillȱbeȱshorter. B) TheȱQRSȱdurationȱwillȱbeȱlonger. C) ThereȱwillȱbeȱmuchȱbiggerȱPȱwaves. D) Theȱventriclesȱwillȱstopȱbeating. E) TheȱrateȱofȱPȱwavesȱwillȱbeȱfasterȱthanȱtheȱrateȱofȱQRSȱcomplexes. Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ20- 1ȱTheȱHeart UseȱFigureȱ20- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 111) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ19.Ȉ A) tricuspidȱvalve B) pulmonaryȱsemilunarȱvalve C) aorticȱsemilunarȱvalve D) bicuspidȱvalve E) ligamentumȱarteriosum Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) moderatorȱband B) pectinateȱmuscles C) papillaryȱmuscles D) trabeculaeȱcarneae E) chordaeȱtendineae Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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113) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) cuspȱofȱtricuspidȱvalve B) pulmonaryȱsemilunarȱvalve C) aorticȱsemilunarȱvalve D) bicuspidȱvalve E) ligamentumȱarteriosum Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Whichȱchamberȱreceivesȱoxygenatedȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱpulmonaryȱcircuit? A) 5 B) 10 C) 16 D) 13 E) bothȱ5ȱandȱ16 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ21.Ȉ A) bicuspidȱvalve B) pulmonaryȱsemilunarȱvalve C) aorticȱsemilunarȱvalve D) ligamentumȱarteriosum E) tricuspidȱvalve Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ20- 2ȱCardiacȱCycle UseȱFigureȱ20- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 116) WhatȱoccursȱatȱtheȱareaȱlabeledȱȈDȈȱonȱtheȱgraph? A) AVȱvalveȱopens B) semilunarȱvalveȱopens C) diastolicȱrefillingȱbegins D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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117) WhatȱvolumeȱisȱlabeledȱȈGȈȱonȱtheȱgraph? A) cardiacȱoutput B) strokeȱvolume C) end-systolicȱvolume D) end-diastolicȱvolume E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) WhatȱoccursȱatȱȈAȈȱonȱtheȱgraph? A) semilunarȱvalveȱopens B) semilunarȱvalveȱcloses C) AVȱvalveȱopens D) AVȱvalveȱcloses E) endȱsystolicȱvolume Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) WhatȱvolumeȱisȱlabeledȱȈEȈȱonȱtheȱgraph? A) cardiacȱoutput B) strokeȱvolume C) end-diastolicȱvolume D) end-systolicȱvolume E) totalȱcardiacȱvolume Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

120) WhatȱoccursȱatȱtheȱcircledȱlabelȱȈ5Ȉȱonȱtheȱgraph? A) peakȱsystolicȱpressure B) isovolumetricȱsystole C) isovolumetricȱcontraction D) ventricularȱrefilling E) increasedȱheartȱrate Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱheartȱliesȱwithinȱtheȱ________. Answer: pericardialȱcavity Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱsuperiorȱportionȱofȱtheȱheartȱwhereȱmajorȱbloodȱvesselsȱenterȱandȱexitȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: base Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) Theȱinferiorȱpointȱofȱtheȱheartȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: apex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Mostȱofȱtheȱmassȱofȱtheȱheartȱliesȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱmidline. Answer: left Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Anȱequivalentȱtermȱforȱepicardiumȱisȱ________. Answer: visceralȱpericardium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱleftȱborderȱofȱtheȱheartȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: leftȱventricleȱandȱaȱsmallȱportionȱofȱtheȱleftȱatrium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱwallȱofȱtheȱ________ȱrestsȱonȱtheȱdiaphragm. Answer: rightȱventricle Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱpleuralȱcavitiesȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: mediastinum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱ________ȱseparatesȱtheȱtwoȱatria. Answer: interatrialȱseptum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱ________ȱisȱsharedȱbyȱtheȱtwoȱventricles. Answer: interventricularȱseptum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Muscularȱridgesȱonȱtheȱinnerȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱventriclesȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: trabeculaeȱcarneae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱ________ȱcircuitȱcarriesȱbloodȱtoȱandȱfromȱtheȱlungs. Answer: pulmonary Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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13) Theȱ________ȱcircuitȱcarriesȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱaortaȱtoȱtheȱrightȱventricle. Answer: systemic Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱcarryȱbloodȱawayȱfromȱtheȱheart. Answer: Arteries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) ________ȱcarryȱbloodȱtowardȱtheȱheart. Answer: Veins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱ________ȱcoversȱtheȱouterȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱheart. Answer: epicardium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱmuscleȱlayerȱofȱtheȱheartȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: myocardium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱ________ȱlinesȱtheȱchambersȱofȱtheȱheart,ȱcoversȱtheȱheartȱvalves,ȱandȱisȱcontinuousȱwithȱtheȱendothelium. Answer: endocardium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱpropertyȱofȱheartȱmuscleȱtoȱcontractȱinȱtheȱabsenceȱofȱneuralȱorȱhormonalȱstimulationȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: automaticity Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Cellsȱthatȱspontaneouslyȱmakeȱactionȱpotentialsȱmakeȱupȱ________ȱtissue. Answer: nodalȱ(orȱpacemaker) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱstructuresȱresponsibleȱforȱdistributingȱexcitationȱtoȱtheȱcontractileȱcellsȱareȱ________. Answer: conductingȱfibers Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱslower-than-normalȱheartȱrateȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: bradycardia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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23) Aȱfaster-than-normalȱheartȱrateȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: tachycardia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Oxygenȱisȱaddedȱtoȱbloodȱasȱitȱflowsȱthroughȱtheȱ________ȱcircuit. Answer: pulmonary Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱcontractionȱphaseȱofȱtheȱcardiacȱcycleȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: systole Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱrelaxationȱphaseȱofȱtheȱcardiacȱcycleȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: diastole Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Asȱtheȱheartȱrateȱslows,ȱ________ȱgetsȱlonger. Answer: diastole Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) ________ȱareȱabnormalȱheartȱsoundsȱcausedȱbyȱturbulentȱflowȱthroughȱfaultyȱvalves. Answer: Murmurs Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱbackwardȱflowȱofȱbloodȱfromȱaȱventricleȱtoȱitsȱatriumȱorȱfromȱaȱoutflowȱvesselȱtoȱitsȱventricleȱisȱcalled ________. Answer: regurgitation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Inȱmitralȱvalveȱprolapse,ȱtheȱcuspsȱofȱtheȱmitralȱvalveȱareȱpushedȱintoȱtheȱ________ȱatrium. Answer: left Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) ________ȱisȱwhenȱtheȱheartȱcanȇtȱmaintainȱadequateȱcardiacȱoutput. Answer: Heartȱfailure Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱcardiacȱ________ȱisȱtheȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱtheȱrestingȱandȱmaximalȱcardiacȱoutput. Answer: reserve Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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33) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱbloodȱinȱaȱventricleȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱsystole. Answer: end-diastolicȱvolume Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱamountȱofȱbloodȱinȱaȱventricleȱafterȱitȱhasȱcontractedȱandȱbeforeȱitȱbeginsȱtoȱrefill. Answer: end-systolicȱvolume Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱprincipleȱthatȱincreasingȱtheȱend-diastolicȱvolumeȱresultsȱinȱaȱcorrespondingȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱstrokeȱvolume isȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: Starlingȇsȱlawȱofȱtheȱheart Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Theȱamountȱofȱbloodȱreturningȱtoȱtheȱheartȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: venousȱreturn Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱtermȱ________ȱrefersȱtoȱblockageȱinȱtheȱcoronaryȱcirculation. Answer: coronaryȱarteryȱdisease Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

38) Theȱamountȱofȱbloodȱremainingȱinȱtheȱventricleȱwhenȱtheȱsemilunarȱvalveȱclosesȱisȱthe________. Answer: end-systolicȱvolumeȱ(ESV) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

39) ________ȱisȱtheȱsymptomȱgenerallyȱbroughtȱonȱbyȱcoronaryȱischemia. Answer: Anginaȱpectoris Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

40) Inȱaȱprocedureȱknownȱasȱballoonȱ________,ȱanȱinflatableȱballoonȱatȱtheȱendȱofȱaȱcatheterȱisȱusedȱtoȱpressȱplaque backȱagainstȱtheȱvesselȱwall. Answer: angioplasty Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

41) Aȱprocedureȱinȱwhichȱaȱlengthȱofȱtheȱpatientȇsȱveinȱorȱarteryȱisȱusedȱtoȱcreateȱaȱdetourȱaroundȱanȱobstructionȱin aȱcoronaryȱarteryȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: coronaryȱarterialȱbypassȱgraftȱ(or,ȱCABG) Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

42) Oxygenȱisȱremovedȱfromȱbloodȱasȱitȱflowsȱthroughȱtheȱ________ȱcircuit. Answer: systemic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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43) Aȱfineȱtubularȱwireȱmeshȱcalledȱaȱ________ȱmayȱbeȱinsertedȱintoȱaȱcoronaryȱvessel,ȱholdingȱitȱopen. Answer: stent Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Asȱtheȱleftȱventricleȱcontracts,ȱitȱbulgesȱintoȱtheȱ________. Answer: rightȱventricularȱcavity Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

45) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱremnantȱofȱanȱimportantȱfetalȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱonceȱlinkedȱtheȱpulmonaryȱandȱsystemic circuits. Answer: ligamentumȱarteriosum Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

46) Theȱheartȱhasȱfourȱchambers,ȱtwoȱsmallȱthin-walledȱ________ȱandȱtwoȱlargeȱmuscularȱ________. Answer: atria;ȱventricles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱtwoȱtypesȱofȱcardiacȱmuscleȱcellsȱinvolvedȱinȱaȱnormalȱheartbeatȱincludeȱspecializedȱcellsȱofȱtheȱ________ systemȱandȱ________ȱcells. Answer: conducting;ȱcontractile Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Becauseȱtheȱheartȱworksȱcontinuously,ȱitȱrequiresȱanȱuninterruptedȱsupplyȱofȱoxygenȱandȱnutrients. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱlong-termȱsuccessȱrateȱofȱangioplastyȱgreatlyȱincreasesȱwithȱtheȱuseȱofȱstents. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

EssayȱQuestions 1) BethȱWoodȱtellsȱherȱnursingȱstudentsȱthatȱitȱisȱimportantȱtoȱmonitorȱpatientsȇȱbloodȱpressureȱwhenȱtheyȱare receivingȱverapamilȱ(aȱcalciumȱchannelȱblocker).ȱWhy? Answer: Calciumȱchannelȱblockersȱinhibitȱtheȱmovementȱofȱcalciumȱionsȱfromȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱintoȱcardiac andȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells.ȱThisȱwouldȱcauseȱaȱdecreaseȱinȱheartȱrate,ȱstrokeȱvolume,ȱandȱcardiacȱoutput. Theseȱinȱturnȱwouldȱlowerȱbloodȱpressure.ȱInȱaddition,ȱtheȱcalciumȱchannelȱblockersȱwouldȱalsoȱinhibit contractionȱofȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱwallȱofȱbloodȱvessels,ȱcausingȱthemȱtoȱgetȱwiderȱandȱthusȱalso lowerȱbloodȱpressure.ȱBecauseȱbothȱheartȱandȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱareȱinhibitedȱbyȱverapamil,ȱitsȱeffects onȱbloodȱpressureȱareȱparticularlyȱpotent. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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2) Ifȱaȱpatientȇsȱrestingȱcardiacȱoutputȱisȱ5.6ȱl/minȱandȱonȱaȱstressȱtestȱsheȱelevatedȱherȱheartȱrateȱtoȱaȱmaximumȱof 176ȱbeats/minȱwithȱaȱstrokeȱvolumeȱofȱ115ȱml/beat,ȱwhatȱisȱherȱcardiacȱreserve?ȱShowȱyourȱwork. Answer: Cardiacȱreserveȱequalsȱmaximumȱcardiacȱoutputȱȱ —ȱȱrestingȱcardiacȱoutput. MaximumȱCOȱ=ȱHRȱxȱSVȱ=ȱ176ȱbeats/minuteȱxȱ0.115ȱliters/beatȱȱ=ȱ20.2ȱliters/minute. Cardiacȱreserveȱequalsȱ14.6ȱliters/minute. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) AȱpatientȇsȱECGȱrecordingȱshowsȱaȱveryȱlongȱP-Rȱinterval.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱcauseȱofȱthisȱabnormalȱwaveȱpattern? Answer: TheȱPȱwaveȱmarksȱtheȱtimeȱofȱatrialȱdepolarizationȱandȱtheȱQRSȱcomplexȱsignalsȱventricular depolarization.ȱBetweenȱthoseȱtwoȱeventsȱtheȱAVȱnodeȱwasȱexcitedȱandȱtheȱactionȱpotentialȱwasȱspread throughȱtheȱconductingȱtissueȱtoȱtheȱventricularȱmyocardium.ȱAȱprolongedȱP-Rȱintervalȱsignifiesȱan usuallyȱslowȱconductionȱthroughȱtheȱAVȱnodeȱandȱconductingȱsystem,ȱpossiblyȱdueȱtoȱinsufficientȱblood flowȱ(ischemia). Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ21 BloodȱVesselsȱandȱCirculation MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱmuscularȱlayerȱofȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱisȱthe A) tunicaȱintima. B) tunicaȱexterna. C) tunicaȱmedia. D) tunicaȱinterna. E) tunicaȱadventitia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Comparedȱtoȱarteries,ȱveins A) areȱmoreȱelastic. B) haveȱmoreȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheirȱtunicaȱmedia. C) haveȱaȱpleatedȱendothelium. D) haveȱthinnerȱwalls. E) holdȱtheirȱshapeȱbetterȱwhenȱcut. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Arrangeȱtheȱstructuresȱinȱtheȱfollowingȱlistȱinȱtheȱorderȱthatȱbloodȱwillȱencounterȱasȱitȱflowsȱfromȱtheȱoutput sideȱtoȱtheȱinputȱsideȱofȱtheȱcardiovascularȱflowȱcircuit. 1.ȱvenules 2.ȱarterioles 3.ȱcapillaries 4.ȱelasticȱarteries 5.ȱmediumȱveins 6.ȱlargeȱveins 7.ȱmuscularȱarteries A) 7,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ6 B) 6,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ4 C) 5,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ4 D) 2,ȱ7,ȱ6,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ6 E) 4,ȱ7,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ6 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Capillariesȱthatȱhaveȱaȱcompleteȱliningȱareȱcalled A) continuousȱcapillaries. B) fenestratedȱcapillaries. C) sinusoidalȱcapillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasaȱvasorum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Capillariesȱwithȱaȱperforatedȱliningȱareȱcalled A) perforatedȱcapillaries. B) discontinuousȱcapillaries. C) fenestratedȱcapillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasaȱvasorum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Exchangeȱbetweenȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱandȱtheȱcellsȱthatȱsurroundȱitȱcanȱoccurȱonlyȱin A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Materialsȱcanȱmoveȱacrossȱcapillaryȱwallsȱby A) diffusion. B) filtration. C) reabsorption. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Bloodȱflowȱthroughȱaȱcapillaryȱisȱcontrolledȱbyȱthe A) vasaȱvasorum. B) plexus. C) precapillaryȱsphincter. D) thoroughfareȱchannel. E) venule. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Bloodȱmovesȱforwardȱthroughȱveinsȱbecauseȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) theȱpressureȱinȱtheȱveinsȱisȱlowerȱthanȱinȱtheȱarteries. B) pumpingȱbyȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱwallȱofȱtheȱvein. C) theȱrespiratoryȱpump. D) valvesȱinȱtheȱveinsȱpreventingȱtheȱbackwardȱflowȱofȱblood. E) muscularȱcompression. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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10) Metabolitesȱexchangeȱbyȱdiffusionȱwithȱtissueȱcellsȱinȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlocations? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

11) Totalȱperipheralȱresistanceȱisȱrelatedȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept the A) lengthȱofȱaȱbloodȱvessel. B) osmolarityȱofȱinterstitialȱfluids. C) flowȱcharacteristics. D) bloodȱviscosity. E) bloodȱvesselȱdiameter. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Asȱbloodȱtravelsȱfromȱarteriesȱtoȱveins, A) pressureȱbuilds. B) pressureȱdrops. C) flowȱbecomesȱturbulent. D) viscosityȱincreases. E) diameterȱofȱtheȱbloodȱvesselsȱgetsȱprogressivelyȱsmaller. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Bloodȱflowȱtoȱaȱtissueȱwillȱincreaseȱifȱthe A) levelȱofȱoxygenȱatȱtheȱtissueȱincreases. B) levelȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱatȱtheȱtissueȱdecreases. C) veinsȱconstrict. D) arteriolesȱdilate. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

14) Bloodȱpressureȱisȱdeterminedȱby A) measuringȱtheȱsizeȱofȱtheȱpulse. B) listeningȱcarefullyȱtoȱtheȱpulse. C) estimatingȱtheȱpressureȱneededȱtoȱcloseȱoffȱanȱarteryȱwithȱanȱexternalȱpressureȱcuff. D) estimatingȱtheȱdegreeȱofȱturbulenceȱinȱaȱpartlyȱclosedȱvessel. E) ȱȱmeasuringȱtheȱforceȱofȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱleftȱventricle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Bloodȱpressureȱisȱhighestȱhere. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

16) Bloodȱpressureȱincreasesȱwithȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept increased A) cardiacȱoutput. B) peripheralȱresistance. C) bloodȱvolume. D) parasympatheticȱinnervation. E) forceȱofȱcardiacȱcontraction. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱtheȱsystolicȱandȱdiastolicȱpressuresȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱpressure. A) criticalȱclosing B) meanȱarterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱbloodȱcolloidȱosmoticȱpressureȱmostlyȱdependsȱonȱthe A) concentrationȱofȱplasmaȱsodiumȱions. B) concentrationȱofȱplasmaȱglucose. C) concentrationȱofȱplasmaȱwasteȱproducts. D) concentrationȱofȱplasmaȱproteins. E) numberȱofȱredȱbloodȱcells. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱisȱfalse concerningȱtheȱmovementȱofȱfluidȱbetweenȱcapillariesȱandȱinterstitial space? A) Bloodȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱforcesȱfluidȱfromȱtheȱcapillaryȱtoȱtheȱinterstitialȱspace. B) Bloodȱosmoticȱpressureȱmovesȱfluidȱfromȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaceȱtoȱtheȱcapillary. C) Theȱosmoticȱpressureȱofȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱisȱlessȱthanȱtheȱbloodȱosmoticȱpressure. D) Theȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱofȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱisȱlargelyȱunimportantȱinȱdeterminingȱfluidȱmovement. E) Theȱnetȱfiltrationȱpressureȱisȱusuallyȱzero. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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20) Whenȱreninȱisȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱkidney A) angiotensinȱIȱisȱconvertedȱtoȱangiotensinȱII. B) angiotensinogenȱisȱconvertedȱintoȱangiotensinȱI. C) angiotensinȱIȱincreasesȱsaltȱreabsorptionȱatȱtheȱkidneys. D) bloodȱpressureȱgoesȱdown. E) bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneysȱdecreases. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwillȱleadȱtoȱaȱdecreaseȱinȱbloodȱpressure,ȱexceptȱ A) releaseȱofȱrenin. B) decreaseȱinȱbloodȱvolume. C) decreasedȱperipheralȱresistance. D) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱANPȱ(atrialȱnatriureticȱpeptide). E) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱaldosterone. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwillȱcauseȱanȱincreaseȱinȱbloodȱpressure,ȱexceptȱ A) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱaldosterone. B) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱangiotensinȱII. C) increasedȱbloodȱvolume. D) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱANPȱ(atrialȱnatriureticȱpeptide). E) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱADHȱ(antidiureticȱhormone). Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱchangesȱwillȱresultȱinȱincreasedȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱaȱtissue,ȱexceptȱ A) increasedȱhematocrit. B) increasedȱvesselȱdiameter. C) increasedȱbloodȱpressure. D) decreasedȱperipheralȱresistance. E) relaxationȱofȱprecapillaryȱsphincters. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Pulmonaryȱarteriesȱcarryȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) rightȱatrium. B) leftȱatrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) systemicȱcircuit. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Pulmonaryȱveinsȱcarryȱbloodȱtoȱthe A) rightȱatrium. B) leftȱatrium. C) lungs. D) aorta. E) pulmonaryȱcircuit. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱobeysȱtheȱruleȱthatȱarteriesȱcarryȱbloodȱawayȱfromȱtheȱheart? A) rightȱcoronaryȱartery B) leftȱcircumflexȱartery C) commonȱcarotidȱartery D) marginalȱartery E) leftȱdescendingȱartery Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱarteriesȱisȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱcerebralȱarterialȱcircle,ȱexceptȱthe A) anteriorȱcommunicatingȱartery. B) anteriorȱcerebralȱartery. C) posteriorȱcommunicatingȱartery. D) posteriorȱcerebralȱartery. E) basilarȱartery. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Anȱimportantȱarteryȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱisȱtheȱ________ȱartery. A) internalȱcarotid B) externalȱcarotid C) mental D) azygos E) maxillary Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Bloodȱfromȱtheȱbrainȱreturnsȱtoȱtheȱheartȱthroughȱtheȱ________ȱvein. A) vertebral B) azygos C) innominate D) internalȱjugular E) externalȱjugular Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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30) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱcharacteristicsȱofȱcardiovascularȱregulation? A) bloodȱflowȱthroughȱtissuesȱmeetsȱtheȱdemandȱforȱoxygen B) bloodȱflowȱchangesȱtoȱmatchȱtissueȱresponses C) changesȱoccurȱwithoutȱdrasticallyȱalteringȱbloodȱpressure D) bloodȱflowȱthroughȱtissuesȱmeetsȱtheȱdemandȱforȱnutrients E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱaorticȱbaroreceptorsȱreflexlyȱresultsȱin A) stimulationȱofȱtheȱcardioacceleratorȱcenterȱinȱtheȱbrain. B) increasedȱsympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheart. C) increasedȱactivityȱbyȱtheȱparasympatheticȱnervousȱsystem. D) stimulationȱofȱtheȱvasoconstrictiveȱcenter. E) increasedȱheartȱrate. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Fearȱcanȱresultȱin A) increasedȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱcardioinhibitoryȱcenterȱbyȱhigherȱbrainȱcenters. B) increasedȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱcardioacceleratorȱcenterȱbyȱhigherȱbrainȱcenters. C) increasedȱheartȱrate. D) decreasedȱbloodȱpressure. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Duringȱexercise A) vasodilationȱoccursȱatȱtheȱactiveȱskeletalȱmuscles. B) venousȱreturnȱincreases. C) bothȱcardiacȱoutputȱandȱstrokeȱvolumeȱincrease. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Inȱresponseȱtoȱhemorrhage,ȱthereȱis A) peripheralȱvasoconstriction. B) increasedȱparasympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheart. C) mobilizationȱofȱtheȱvenousȱreserve. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱproducesȱcardiovascularȱeffectsȱsimilarȱtoȱactivationȱofȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystemȱis: A) acetylcholine. B) epinephrine. C) bradykinin. D) tachykinin. E) sympatheticȱneuropeptide. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Homeostaticȱmechanismsȱinȱresponseȱtoȱbloodȱlossȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) uptakeȱofȱinterstitialȱfluidȱdueȱtoȱreducedȱcapillaryȱpressure. B) inhibitionȱofȱEPOȱsecretion. C) activationȱofȱADHȱsecretion. D) activationȱofȱaldosteroneȱsecretion. E) increasedȱthirstȱandȱwaterȱintake. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

37) Branchesȱoffȱtheȱaorticȱarchȱincludeȱthe A) brachiocephalicȱtrunk. B) leftȱsubclavianȱartery. C) leftȱcommonȱcarotidȱartery. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Majorȱbranchesȱofȱtheȱsubclavianȱarteryȱincludeȱtheȱ________ȱartery(ies). A) radial B) brachial C) lateralȱthoracic D) digital E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Afterȱpassingȱtheȱfirstȱrib,ȱtheȱsubclavianȱarteryȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱartery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) axillary E) digital Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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40) Afterȱenteringȱtheȱarm,ȱtheȱaxillaryȱarteryȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱartery. A) radial B) ulnar C) brachial D) subclavian E) digital Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱbrachialȱarteryȱbranchesȱtoȱformȱtheȱradialȱandȱ________ȱarteries. A) axillary B) digital C) ulnar D) subclavian E) brachiocephalic Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱtwoȱvertebralȱarteriesȱfuseȱtoȱformȱaȱlargeȱartery,ȱthe A) circleȱofȱWillis. B) commonȱcarotidȱartery. C) externalȱcarotidȱartery. D) internalȱcarotidȱartery. E) basilarȱartery. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱinternalȱcarotidsȱandȱtheȱbasilarȱarteryȱareȱinterconnectedȱbyȱanȱanastomosisȱcalledȱthe A) commonȱcarotidȱartery. B) basalȱring. C) cerebralȱarterialȱcircle. D) externalȱcarotidȱartery. E) arterialȱbypass Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Nearȱtheȱcarotidȱsinus, A) theȱcommonȱcarotidȱdividesȱintoȱanȱinternalȱandȱanȱexternalȱbranch. B) theȱinternalȱcarotidsȱfuseȱwithȱtheȱvertebralȱarteries. C) theȱexternalȱcarotidȱformsȱtheȱinternalȱcarotid. D) veinsȱandȱarteriesȱanastomose. E) theȱaortaȱgivesȱriseȱtoȱtheȱcommonȱcarotids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Theȱ________ȱdividesȱtheȱaortaȱintoȱtheȱthoracicȱaortaȱandȱtheȱabdominalȱaorta. A) pericardium B) mediastinum C) diaphragm D) peritoneum E) pleura Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Branchesȱofȱtheȱthoracicȱaortaȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept theȱ________ȱarteries. A) basilar B) superiorȱphrenic C) esophageal D) bronchial E) intercostal Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) NearȱtheȱlevelȱofȱvertebraȱL4 ,ȱtheȱaortaȱbranchesȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________ȱarteries. A) commonȱcarotid B) commonȱiliac C) femoral D) tibial E) popliteal Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱexternalȱiliacȱarteryȱbranchesȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________ȱarteries. A) radialȱandȱulnar B) femoralȱandȱpopliteal C) femoralȱandȱtibial D) tibialȱandȱpopliteal E) femoralȱandȱdeepȱfemoral Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Atȱtheȱknee,ȱtheȱfemoralȱarteryȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱartery. A) iliac B) deepȱfemoral C) popliteal D) tibial E) peroneal Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Branchesȱofȱtheȱpoplitealȱarteryȱincludeȱthe A) femoralȱartery. B) fibularȱartery. C) iliacȱartery. D) dorsalisȱpedis. E) plantarȱarch. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱvesselȱthatȱreceivesȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱhead,ȱneck,ȱchest,ȱshoulders,ȱandȱarmsȱisȱthe A) internalȱjugularȱvein. B) externalȱjugularȱvein. C) superiorȱvenaȱcava. D) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. E) coronaryȱsinus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Veinsȱofȱtheȱbrainȱemptyȱinto A) coronaryȱsinuses. B) duralȱsinuses. C) theȱcircleȱofȱWillis. D) externalȱjugularȱveins. E) vertebralȱveins. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱsuperiorȱsagittalȱsinusȱcollectsȱbloodȱfromȱthe A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) arms. E) legs. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Veinsȱofȱtheȱupperȱarmȱincludeȱtheȱ________ȱvein(s). A) basilic B) cephalic C) brachial D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱdeepȱveinȱofȱtheȱforearm? A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) cephalic D) radial E) basilic Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Theȱradialȱandȱulnarȱveinsȱfuseȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________ȱvein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Atȱtheȱlevelȱofȱtheȱfirstȱrib,ȱtheȱaxillaryȱveinȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱvein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) externalȱjugular Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱveinȱthatȱisȱformedȱfromȱtheȱfusionȱofȱtheȱsubclavianȱwithȱtheȱinternalȱandȱexternalȱjugularsȱisȱtheȱ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱfusionȱofȱtheȱbrachiocephalicȱveinsȱformsȱthe A) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. B) superiorȱvenaȱcava. C) innominateȱvein. D) subclavianȱvein. E) azygosȱvein. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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60) Whichȱofȱtheseȱcontributesȱtoȱtheȱformationȱofȱtheȱpoplitealȱvein? A) internalȱiliac B) smallȱsaphenousȱandȱgreatȱsaphenous C) anteriorȱandȱposteriorȱtibialȱandȱfibular D) peronealȱandȱpopliteal E) greatȱsaphenousȱandȱposteriorȱtibial Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Bloodȱfromȱcapillariesȱonȱtheȱsuperiorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱfootȱdrainȱintoȱa(n) A) plantarȱvein. B) dorsalȱvenousȱarch. C) smallȱsaphenousȱvein. D) peronealȱvein. E) iliacȱvein. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Bloodȱfromȱtheȱdorsalȱvenousȱarchȱisȱdrainedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱvein(s). A) smallȱsaphenous B) posteriorȱtibial C) greatȱsaphenous D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Atȱtheȱknee,ȱtheȱsmallȱsaphenous,ȱtibial,ȱandȱfibularȱveinsȱuniteȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________ȱvein. A) femoral B) popliteal C) externalȱiliac D) internalȱiliac E) inferiorȱvenaȱcava Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Whenȱtheȱpoplitealȱveinȱreachesȱtheȱfemur,ȱitȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱvein. A) femoral B) deepȱfemoral C) internalȱiliac D) externalȱiliac E) lumbar Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Theȱ________ȱveinȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱfusionȱofȱtheȱgreaterȱsaphenousȱvein,ȱfemoralȱvein,ȱandȱdeepȱfemoralȱvein. A) internalȱiliac B) externalȱiliac C) commonȱiliac D) inferiorȱvenaȱcava E) azygous Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Theȱtwoȱcommonȱiliacȱveinsȱformȱthe A) femoralȱvein. B) greaterȱsaphenousȱvein. C) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. D) hepaticȱportalȱvein. E) innominateȱvein. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Nutrientsȱfromȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱenterȱthe A) inferiorȱvenaȱcava. B) superiorȱvenaȱcava. C) hepaticȱportalȱvein. D) hepaticȱvein. E) azygosȱvein. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Elderlyȱindividualsȱusuallyȱhave A) reducedȱhematocrits. B) stiffȱinelasticȱarteries. C) increasedȱbloodȱpressure. D) decreasedȱcardiacȱreserve. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Elderlyȱindividualsȱareȱmoreȱproneȱthanȱareȱyoungerȱindividualsȱtoȱhaveȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) hypertension. B) venousȱthrombosis. C) increasedȱelasticityȱofȱvesselȱwalls. D) problemsȱwithȱtheȱconductingȱsystemȱofȱtheȱheart. E) arteriosclerosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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70) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱwillȱincrease theȱnetȱfiltrationȱpressureȱtoȱmoveȱfluidȱoutȱofȱcapillaries? A) decreasedȱplasmaȱalbumen B) increasedȱbloodȱhydrostaticȱpressure C) increasedȱtissueȱhydrostaticȱpressure D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

71) Theȱsmallestȱarterialȱbranchesȱareȱcalledȱthe A) precapillaryȱarterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱlayerȱbetweenȱtheȱtunicaȱmediaȱandȱtheȱtunicaȱexternaȱinȱaȱlargeȱarteryȱisȱthe A) tunicaȱintima. B) externalȱelasticȱmembrane. C) tunicaȱmedia. D) internalȱelasticȱmembrane. E) tunicaȱexterna. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Theȱthoroughfareȱchannelȱendsȱatȱthe A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlayersȱofȱaȱvesselȱcontainsȱcollagenȱfibersȱwithȱscatteredȱbandsȱofȱelasticȱfibers? A) tunicaȱintima B) externalȱelasticȱmembrane C) tunicaȱmedia D) internalȱelasticȱmembrane E) tunicaȱexterna Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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75) Afterȱbloodȱleavesȱtheȱcapillaries,ȱitȱentersȱthe A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) Whichȱlayerȱofȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱcontainsȱconcentricȱsheetsȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtissue? A) tunicaȱintima B) externalȱelasticȱmembrane C) tunicaȱmedia D) internalȱelasticȱmembrane E) tunicaȱexterna Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱlargeȱvesselsȱthatȱreturnȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱheartȱareȱcalled A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Inȱlargeȱarteries,ȱtheȱthickȱlayerȱofȱelasticȱfibersȱisȱcalledȱthe A) tunicaȱintima. B) externalȱelasticȱmembrane. C) tunicaȱmedia. D) internalȱelasticȱmembrane. E) tunicaȱexterna. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtheȱinnermostȱlayerȱofȱaȱbloodȱvessel? A) tunicaȱintima B) externalȱelasticȱmembrane C) tunicaȱmedia D) internalȱelasticȱmembrane E) tunicaȱexterna Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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80) RBCsȱmoveȱsingleȱfileȱthroughȱthisȱstructure. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Theȱmainȱcontrolȱofȱperipheralȱresistanceȱoccursȱinȱthe A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Theȱcommonȱiliacȱarteryȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱwhichȱtypeȱofȱartery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlumenȱdiametersȱwouldȱbeȱtypicalȱofȱaȱmuscularȱartery? A) 0.2ȱmm B) 1.0ȱcm C) 0.4ȱmm D) 0.4ȱcm E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Theȱbrachialȱandȱfemoralȱarteriesȱareȱexamplesȱofȱwhichȱtypeȱofȱartery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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85) Whichȱvesselȱisȱknownȱasȱaȱresistanceȱvessel? A) arteriole B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) venule Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

86) Elasticȱfibersȱinȱtheȱwallsȱofȱtheseȱvesselsȱareȱstretchedȱduringȱsystole. A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱtoȱresultȱfromȱanȱaneurysmȱinȱaȱbrainȱartery? A) hypotension B) quadriplegia C) stroke D) myocardialȱinfarction E) pulmonaryȱembolism Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Complicationsȱrelatedȱtoȱarteriosclerosisȱaccountȱforȱroughlyȱ________ȱpercentȱofȱdeathsȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStates. A) 30 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 25 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Theseȱvesselsȱholdȱtheȱlargestȱpercentageȱofȱtheȱbloodȱsupply. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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90) Arteriosclerosisȱcanȱleadȱto A) hypertension. B) stroke. C) coronaryȱarteryȱdisease. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

91) Aȱveinȱthatȱmeasuresȱ5ȱmmȱwouldȱbeȱconsidered A) aȱlargeȱvein. B) aȱvenule. C) aȱmediumȱvein. D) anȱarteriovenule. E) aȱvenousȱvalve. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) Theȱvascularȱpressureȱthatȱdeclinesȱfromȱroughlyȱ35ȱmmȱHgȱtoȱaboutȱ18ȱmmȱHgȱisȱthe A) venousȱpressure. B) capillaryȱhydrostaticȱpressure. C) diastolicȱpressure. D) peripheralȱpressure. E) pulseȱpressure. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Theȱinferiorȱvenaȱcavaȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱa(n) A) largeȱvein. B) venule. C) mediumȱvein. D) arteriovenule. E) venousȱvalve. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtheȱsmallestȱvenousȱvessels? A) largeȱveins B) venules C) mediumȱveins D) arteriovenules E) venousȱvalves Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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95) Clinically,ȱtheȱtermȱbloodȱpressureȱusuallyȱrefersȱto A) arteriovenousȱpressure. B) capillaryȱhydrostaticȱpressure. C) arterialȱpressure. D) peripheralȱpressure. E) pulseȱpressure Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

96) Venousȱvalvesȱareȱresponsibleȱfor A) preventingȱanterogradeȱflow. B) channelingȱbloodȱawayȱfromȱtheȱheart. C) channelingȱbloodȱtowardȱtheȱheart. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Venoconstrictionȱ________ȱtheȱamountȱofȱbloodȱwithinȱtheȱvenousȱsystem,ȱwhichȱ________ȱtheȱvolumeȱinȱthe arterialȱandȱcapillaryȱsystems. A) doubles;ȱdecreases B) reduces;ȱincreases C) decreases;ȱdoubles D) increases;ȱreduces E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Averagedȱoverȱaȱfewȱheartbeats,ȱvenousȱreturnȱisȱ________ȱcardiacȱoutput. A) muchȱhigherȱthan B) somewhatȱhigherȱthan C) equalȱto D) somewhatȱlowerȱthan E) muchȱlowerȱthan Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Bloodȱpressureȱisȱlowestȱinȱthe A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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100) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱaffectsȱbloodȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱbody? A) bloodȱviscosity B) vesselȱdiameter C) turbulence D) vascularȱresistance E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) Venaeȱcavaeȱareȱtheȱlargestȱofȱthisȱtypeȱofȱvessel. A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Theȱlayerȱofȱtheȱarterioleȱwallȱthatȱcanȱproduceȱvasoconstrictionȱisȱthe A) tunicaȱadventitia. B) tunicaȱmedia. C) tunicaȱintima. D) tunicaȱexterna. E) tunicaȱmater. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

103) Ofȱtheȱfollowingȱarteries,ȱtheȱoneȱthatȱisȱanȱelasticȱarteryȱis A) theȱsubclavianȱartery. B) theȱexternalȱcarotidȱartery. C) theȱbrachialȱartery. D) theȱfemoralȱartery. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

104) Toȱdefendȱbloodȱvolumeȱagainstȱdehydration,ȱtheȱbody A) acceleratesȱreabsorptionȱofȱwaterȱatȱtheȱkidneys. B) experiencesȱaȱrecallȱofȱinterstitialȱfluids. C) experiencesȱanȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱbloodȱcolloidalȱosmoticȱpressure. D) increasesȱwaterȱintake. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) ElevatedȱlevelsȱofȱtheȱhormonesȱANPȱandȱBNPȱwillȱproduceȱincreased A) saltȱandȱwaterȱlossȱthroughȱtheȱkidneys. B) bloodȱvolume. C) sodiumȱionȱlevelsȱinȱblood. D) venousȱreturnȱandȱpreload. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) ADHȱandȱaldosteroneȱsecretionȱareȱpartȱofȱtheȱbodyȇsȱlong -termȱcompensationȱfor A) aȱheartȱattack. B) hypertension. C) aȱseriousȱhemorrhage. D) prolongedȱexercise. E) aȱheavyȱmeal. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Youȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱfindȱfenestratedȱcapillariesȱin A) skeletalȱmuscles. B) cardiacȱmuscle. C) theȱpituitary. D) bone. E) skin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Aȱsampleȱofȱtissueȱdisplaysȱmanyȱlargeȱflattenedȱspacesȱlinedȱbyȱfenestratedȱendothelium.ȱBloodȱmovesȱslowly throughȱtheseȱspaces.ȱThisȱtissueȱsampleȱmostȱlikelyȱcameȱfromȱthe A) heart. B) lungs. C) liver. D) kidneys. E) skin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Factorsȱthatȱincreaseȱtheȱriskȱofȱatherosclerosisȱincludeȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) highȱcholesterol B) lackȱofȱexercise C) smoking D) obesity E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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110) Theseȱvesselsȱmayȱbeȱcontinuousȱorȱfenestrated. A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

111) Whenȱcarotidȱandȱaorticȱbaroreceptorsȱslowȱtheirȱdischarge, A) heartȱrateȱincreases. B) heartȱrateȱdecreases. C) strokeȱvolumeȱincreases. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱhaveȱtheȱgreater effectȱonȱvascularȱresistance? A) doublingȱtheȱlengthȱofȱaȱbloodȱvessel B) decreasingȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱbyȱ½ C) neitherȱwouldȱbeȱgreater Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Ifȱbloodȱpressureȱdoubled,ȱtheȱbloodȱflowȱthroughȱaȱvesselȱwouldȱbe A) doubled. B) halved. C) fourȱtimesȱgreater. D) 1/4ȱasȱmuch. E) unchanged. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱresistanceȱbeȱgreater? A) aȱvesselȱ10ȱmicronsȱinȱdiameter B) aȱvesselȱ1ȱmmȱinȱdiameter Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) Inȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱtheȱbloodȱflowȱbeȱhighest? A) aȱvesselȱ0.5ȱcmȱinȱdiameterȱandȱ2ȱmetersȱlong B) aȱvesselȱ1.0ȱcmȱinȱdiameterȱandȱ10ȱmetersȱlong C) aȱvesselȱ0.5ȱcmȱinȱdiameterȱandȱ4ȱmetersȱlong D) aȱvesselȱ1.0ȱcmȱinȱdiameterȱandȱ2ȱmetersȱlong Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱchangesȱdoesnȇt occurȱduringȱexerciseȱcomparedȱtoȱrest? A) Cardiacȱoutputȱisȱhigher. B) Heartȱbloodȱflowȱisȱhigher. C) Skinȱbloodȱflowȱisȱlower. D) Abdominalȱvisceraȱbloodȱflowȱisȱlower. E) Kidneyȱbloodȱflowȱisȱlower. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱwouldȱincreaseȱperipheralȱresistance,ȱ exceptȱ A) increasedȱsympatheticȱstimulation. B) elevatedȱlevelsȱofȱepinephrine. C) vasodilation. D) irregularitiesȱinȱtheȱvesselȱwallsȱcausedȱbyȱplaques. E) elevatedȱhematocrit. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱwouldȱincreaseȱcardiacȱoutput,ȱ exceptȱ A) increasedȱvenousȱreturn. B) decreasedȱparasympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheart. C) increasedȱsympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheart. D) increasedȱbloodȱconcentrationȱofȱglucose. E) stimulationȱofȱtheȱheartȱbyȱepinephrine. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) Inȱcomparingȱaȱtrainedȱathleteȱtoȱaȱnonathlete,ȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱcomparisonsȱisȱ false? A) Theȱathleteȱhasȱaȱlowerȱrestingȱheartȱrate. B) Bothȱheartsȱweighȱaboutȱtheȱsame. C) Theȱathleteȱhasȱaȱhigherȱrestingȱstrokeȱvolume. D) Theȱathleteȱhasȱaȱhigherȱexerciseȱstrokeȱvolume. E) Theȱathleteȱhasȱaȱhigherȱexerciseȱcardiacȱoutput. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

120) Turbulentȱbloodȱflowȱoccurs A) whenȱthereȱareȱirregularitiesȱinȱtheȱvesselȱwall. B) atȱhighȱflowȱrates. C) whenȱthereȱareȱsuddenȱchangesȱinȱvesselȱdiameter. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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121) Ifȱaȱpersonȱhasȱaȱbloodȱpressureȱofȱ120/90,ȱhisȱmeanȱarterialȱpressureȱwouldȱbeȱ________ȱmmȱHg. A) 210 B) 100 C) 93 D) 105 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Theȱcontinualȱmovementȱofȱfluidȱthroughȱtheȱinterstitialȱspacesȱproducedȱbyȱcapillaryȱfiltrationȱservesȱwhichȱof theȱfollowingȱfunctions? A) acceleratesȱtheȱdistributionȱofȱnutrientsȱandȱhormones B) assistsȱtheȱtransportȱofȱinsolubleȱsubstancesȱthatȱcannotȱenterȱtheȱcapillaries C) helpsȱcarryȱtoxinsȱandȱbacteriaȱtoȱcellsȱofȱtheȱimmuneȱsystem D) flushesȱhormonesȱandȱwastesȱfromȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaces E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) Edemaȱisȱfavoredȱwhen A) theȱplasmaȱconcentrationȱofȱproteinȱisȱreduced. B) endothelialȱpermeabilityȱgoesȱup. C) capillaryȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱisȱelevated. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

124) Relativeȱtoȱtheȱlumen,ȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱvesselsȱhasȱtheȱthickestȱtunicaȱmedia? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

125) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) normalȱstrokeȱvolume B) strokeȱvolumeȱduringȱcirculatoryȱshock C) Bothȱareȱaboutȱtheȱsame. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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126) Whenȱwillȱtheȱbloodȱpressureȱisȱgreater? A) whenȱtheȱperipheralȱvesselsȱdilate B) whenȱtheȱperipheralȱvesselsȱconstrict C) Neitherȱisȱgreater. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

127) Increasedȱlevelsȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱbloodȱwillȱresultȱinȱdecreasedȱ A) heartȱrate. B) cardiacȱoutput. C) bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱlungs. D) parasympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱheart. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

128) Whenȱaȱpersonȱrisesȱquicklyȱfromȱaȱsittingȱposition, A) theȱcarotidȱbaroreceptorsȱbecomeȱlessȱactive. B) venousȱreturnȱisȱdecreased. C) reflexȱvasoconstrictionȱofȱperipheralȱbloodȱvesselsȱoccurs. D) heartȱrateȱisȱreflexlyȱelevated. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

129) Vickieȱhasȱaȱtumorȱthatȱsecretesȱexcessȱamountsȱofȱtheȱhormoneȱaldosterone.ȱBecauseȱofȱtheȱelevatedȱlevelȱof hormone,ȱsheȱexhibits A) decreasedȱbloodȱvolume. B) increasedȱbloodȱpressure. C) increasedȱbodyȱstoresȱofȱsodiumȱion. D) polycythemia. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

130) Venoconstrictionȱreducesȱtheȱdiameterȱofȱwhichȱvessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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131) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱhaveȱtheȱlowest restingȱheartȱrate? A) aȱtrainedȱathlete B) anȱunconditionedȱadult C) aȱpersonȱwithȱheartȱfailure D) aȱteenagerȱwithȱaȱsedentaryȱlifestyle E) anȱ80-year-oldȱwoman Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

132) Afterȱlosingȱ25ȱpercentȱofȱbloodȱvolumeȱinȱaȱmotorcycleȱaccident,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcompensatory responsesȱwouldȱoccur? A) increasedȱheartȱrate B) increaseȱofȱcontractility C) vasoconstrictionȱofȱtheȱbodyȱwall D) venoconstrictionȱofȱskinȱvessels E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

133) Paulȱhasȱaȱhorribleȱchainsawȱaccidentȱandȱcutsȱseveralȱmajorȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱhisȱheadȱandȱneck.ȱAsȱaȱresultȱof thisȱinjury,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱobserveȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱa(n) A) increasedȱheartȱrate. B) increaseȱinȱcardiacȱoutput. C) increasedȱsecretionȱofȱreninȱbyȱtheȱkidneys. D) cold,ȱclammyȱskin. E) increasedȱtotalȱperipheralȱresistance. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

134) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱconditionsȱisȱleastȱlikelyȱtoȱleadȱtoȱreninȱrelease? A) renalȱarteryȱthrombus B) vasospasmȱofȱtheȱrenalȱarteries C) circulatoryȱshock D) increasedȱsympatheticȱactivity E) hypertension Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ21- 1ȱArteries UseȱFigureȱ21- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 135) IdentifyȱtheȱarteryȱlabeledȱȈ16.Ȉ A) axillary B) inferiorȱmesenteric C) celiac D) superiorȱmesenteric E) splenic Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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136) IdentifyȱtheȱarteryȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) axillary B) inferiorȱmesenteric C) celiacȱtrunk D) superiorȱmesenteric E) splenic Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

137) IdentifyȱtheȱarteryȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) axillary B) brachiocephalic C) commonȱcarotid D) aorta E) brachial Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

138) IdentifyȱtheȱarteriesȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) axillary B) brachiocephalic C) commonȱcarotid D) aorta E) brachial Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

139) IdentifyȱtheȱarteryȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) commonȱiliac B) internalȱiliac C) externalȱiliac D) abdominalȱaorta E) femoral Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ21- 2ȱVeins UseȱFigureȱ21- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 140) IdentifyȱtheȱveinȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) axillary B) brachial C) cephalic D) basilic Pageȱ578 FundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ8eȱ(Martini)

E) medianȱcubital Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

141) IdentifyȱtheȱveinȱlabeledȱȈ15.Ȉ A) axillary B) brachial C) radial D) basilic E) ulnar Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

142) IdentifyȱtheȱveinȱlabeledȱȈ10.Ȉ A) inferiorȱvenaȱcava B) superiorȱvenaȱcava C) aorta D) pulmonary E) thoracic Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

143) IdentifyȱtheȱveinȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) superiorȱvenaȱcava B) brachiocephalic C) axillary D) externalȱjugular E) subclavian Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

144) IdentifyȱtheȱveinȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) inferiorȱvenaȱcava B) commonȱiliac C) internalȱiliac D) externalȱiliac E) femoral Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱ________ȱareȱsmallȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱnourishȱtissueȱcomponentsȱinȱtheȱwallȱofȱlargeȱarteriesȱandȱveins. Answer: vasaȱvasorum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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2) Theȱincreaseȱinȱeffectiveȱbloodȱvolumeȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱvenoconstrictionȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: venousȱreserve Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱopeningȱandȱclosingȱofȱtheȱprecapillaryȱsphincterȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: vasomotion Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) ________ȱisȱtheȱregulationȱofȱbloodȱflowȱbyȱlocalȱmechanismsȱwithinȱaȱcapillaryȱbed. Answer: Autoregulation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) ________ȱareȱmultipleȱarteriesȱjoinedȱinȱorderȱtoȱserveȱaȱsingleȱcapillaryȱnetwork. Answer: Collaterals Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱdirectȱinterconnectionȱofȱtwoȱarteriesȱisȱcalledȱanȱarterialȱ________. Answer: anastomosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱdirectȱconnectionȱbetweenȱanȱarterioleȱandȱaȱvenule. Answer: arteriovenousȱanastomosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱaȱcapillaryȱplexusȱfromȱanȱarterioleȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: precapillaryȱarteriole Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱpressureȱdifferenceȱbetweenȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱaortaȱandȱtheȱrightȱatriumȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: circulatoryȱpressure Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱtermȱ________ȱrefersȱtoȱtheȱpressureȱinȱtheȱarterialȱsideȱofȱtheȱcirculatoryȱsystem. Answer: bloodȱpressure Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) ________ȱrefersȱtoȱallȱtheȱfactorsȱthatȱresistȱbloodȱflowȱinȱtheȱentireȱcirculatoryȱsystem. Answer: Totalȱperipheralȱresistance Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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12) Inȱtheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱ________,ȱtheȱwallȱofȱanȱarteryȱbecomesȱthickerȱandȱstiffer. Answer: arteriosclerosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱconditionȱknownȱasȱ________ȱisȱcharacterizedȱbyȱtheȱformationȱofȱfattyȱplaquesȱwithinȱtheȱwallȱofȱarteries. Answer: atherosclerosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱareȱtheȱdistinctiveȱsoundsȱheardȱthroughȱtheȱstethoscopeȱdueȱtoȱturbulenceȱduringȱtheȱmeasurement ofȱbloodȱpressure. Answer: SoundsȱofȱKorotkoff Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Pointsȱwhereȱaȱmuscularȱarteryȱcanȱbeȱcompressedȱagainstȱaȱboneȱtoȱcontrolȱsevereȱbleedingȱareȱcalled ________. Answer: pressureȱpoints Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱprocessȱofȱdecreaseȱinȱvesselȱdiameterȱthatȱoccursȱdueȱtoȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcontractionȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: vasoconstriction Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) ________ȱconductȱfluidȱfromȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaceȱbackȱtoȱtheȱvenousȱsystem. Answer: Lymphaticȱvessels Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱcarriesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱarmȱandȱshoulderȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: subclavianȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: commonȱcarotidȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱbranchesȱtoȱformȱaȱrightȱcommonȱcarotidȱandȱsubclavianȱarteryȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: brachiocephalicȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱbranchesȱfromȱtheȱsubclavianȱarteryȱtoȱsupplyȱtheȱanteriorȱwallȱofȱtheȱchestȱisȱthe ________. Answer: internalȱthoracicȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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22) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱarterialȱcircleȱfromȱtheȱposteriorȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: basilarȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱupperȱarmȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: brachialȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱsuperiorȱphrenicȱarteryȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱ________. Answer: diaphragm Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱliver,ȱstomach,ȱandȱspleenȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: celiacȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱpancreas,ȱtheȱsmallȱintestine,ȱandȱmostȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱisȱthe ________. Answer: superiorȱmesentericȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱfromȱtheȱanteriorȱdirectionȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: internalȱcarotidȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱ________ȱarteryȱisȱtheȱkidneyȇsȱsoleȱbloodȱsupply. Answer: renal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱ________ȱsuppliesȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱfaceȱandȱneck. Answer: externalȱcarotidȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱbronchialȱarteriesȱbranchȱfromȱtheȱ________ȱtoȱsupplyȱtheȱlungȱairways. Answer: thoracicȱaorta Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱsupplyȱbloodȱtoȱstructuresȱwithinȱtheȱmediastinumȱotherȱthanȱtheȱheartȱandȱpericardium areȱtheȱ________. Answer: mediastinalȱarteries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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32) Theȱcommonȱcarotidȱarteryȱdividesȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________ȱandȱ________ȱcarotidȱarteries. Answer: internal;ȱexternal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱsuppliesȱvenousȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱliverȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: hepaticȱportalȱvein Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

34) Theȱsmallȱintestineȱandȱmostȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱreceiveȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱ________. Answer: superiorȱmesentericȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱlowerȱpartȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱincludingȱtheȱrectumȱreceivesȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱ________. Answer: inferiorȱmesentericȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Ovariesȱorȱtestesȱreceiveȱaȱbloodȱsupplyȱfromȱtheȱ________. Answer: gonadalȱarteries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱsuprarenalȱglandsȱreceiveȱaȱbloodȱsupplyȱfromȱtheȱ________. Answer: suprarenalȱarteries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Capillariesȱareȱcontinuousȱorȱ________. Answer: fenestrated Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱinferiorȱportionȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱandȱtheȱabdominalȱwallȱreceiveȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱ________. Answer: lumbarȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱlargerȱofȱtheȱtwoȱbranchesȱofȱtheȱcommonȱiliacȱarteryȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: externalȱiliacȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱbranchȱofȱtheȱcommonȱiliacȱarteryȱthatȱentersȱtheȱpelvicȱcavityȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: internalȱiliacȱartery Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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42) Belowȱtheȱankleȱtheȱanteriorȱtibialȱarteryȱbecomesȱtheȱ________ȱarteryȱonȱtheȱtopȱofȱtheȱfoot. Answer: dorsalisȱpedis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Arteriesȱthatȱsupplyȱtheȱplantarȱportionȱofȱtheȱfootȱbranchȱfromȱtheȱposteriorȱ________ȱartery. Answer: tibial Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Theȱvesselȱthatȱcollectsȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱoverlyingȱstructuresȱofȱtheȱheadȱandȱneckȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: externalȱjugularȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱcervicalȱregionȱofȱtheȱspinalȱcordȱisȱdrainedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: vertebralȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Bloodȱfromȱtheȱbrainȱisȱdrainedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: internalȱjugularȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱveinȱinȱtheȱarmȱcommonlyȱsampledȱforȱbloodȱbyȱvenipunctureȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: medianȱcubitalȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱ________ȱveinȱascendsȱalongȱtheȱulnarȱsideȱofȱtheȱforearm. Answer: basilic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱ________ȱveinȱascendsȱalongȱtheȱradialȱsideȱofȱtheȱforearm. Answer: cephalic Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱ________ȱreceivesȱallȱtheȱvenousȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱkidney. Answer: renalȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱ________ȱreceivesȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱsuprarenalȱgland. Answer: suprarenalȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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52) Theȱvesselsȱthatȱreceiveȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱovariesȱorȱtestesȱareȱtheȱ________. Answer: gonadalȱveins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Bloodȱisȱdrainedȱfromȱtheȱliverȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: hepaticȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Theȱ________ȱreceivesȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱdiaphragm. Answer: phrenicȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Bloodȱreturnsȱfromȱtheȱgallbladderȱbyȱwayȱofȱtheȱ________. Answer: cysticȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Bloodȱfromȱtheȱmedialȱborderȱofȱtheȱstomachȱisȱdrainedȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: gastricȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Bloodȱisȱdrainedȱfromȱtheȱlowerȱportionȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: inferiorȱmesentericȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Veinsȱfromȱtheȱspleen,ȱpancreas,ȱandȱinternalȱborderȱofȱtheȱstomachȱuniteȱtoȱformȱtheȱ________. Answer: splenicȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱ________ȱcollectsȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱentireȱsmallȱintestineȱandȱtwo -thirdsȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestine. Answer: superiorȱmesentericȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱhepaticȱportalȱveinȱformsȱfromȱtheȱfusionȱofȱtheȱsuperiorȱ________ȱandȱtheȱsplenicȱveins. Answer: mesenteric Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Arteriolesȱfeedȱbloodȱinto________. Answer: capillaries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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62) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱaȱbulge,ȱorȱweakenedȱwall,ȱofȱanȱartery. Answer: aneurysm Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) ________ȱformȱelaborateȱnetworksȱwithinȱtissuesȱthatȱallowȱveryȱslowȱbloodȱflow. Answer: Sinusoids Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱresistanceȱtoȱbloodȱflowȱofȱtheȱentireȱcardiovascularȱsystemȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: totalȱperipheralȱpressure Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) ________ȱareȱtheȱonlyȱbloodȱvesselsȱwhoseȱwallsȱareȱthinȱenoughȱtoȱpermitȱblood —tissueȱexchange. Answer: Capillaries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Venulesȱfeedȱbloodȱinto________. Answer: veins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) Afterȱtheȱprecapillaryȱarteriole,ȱbloodȱentersȱaȱ________. Answer: thoroughfareȱchannel Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Venulesȱhaveȱvalvesȱtoȱassistȱvenousȱreturn. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱlumenȱofȱaȱveinȱisȱbiggerȱthanȱthatȱofȱitsȱcompanionȱartery. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱtunicaȱintimaȱofȱanȱarteryȱmayȱhaveȱaȱpleatedȱappearance. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Mostȱarteriolesȱvasoconstrictȱunderȱsympatheticȱstimulation. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Capillariesȱareȱtheȱonlyȱbloodȱvesselsȱwhoseȱwallsȱareȱthinȱenoughȱtoȱpermitȱexchangeȱbetweenȱtheȱbloodȱand interstitialȱfluids. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Capillariesȱfeedȱbloodȱintoȱvenules. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Bloodȱpressureȱdropsȱtheȱmostȱwithinȱarterioles. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Venousȱpressureȱisȱapproximatelyȱ18ȱmmȱHgȱatȱmost. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Duringȱexercise,ȱtheȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱactiveȱskeletalȱmusclesȱisȱincreasedȱbyȱautoregulation.ȱHowȱdoesȱthis work?ȱWhatȱotherȱcontrolsȱonȱbloodȱflowȱoperate? Answer: Whenȱaȱskeletalȱmuscleȱbecomesȱmoreȱactive,ȱitȱconsumesȱoxygenȱandȱnutrientsȱandȱreleasesȱcarbon dioxide,ȱwasteȱproducts,ȱandȱpotassiumȱion.ȱOneȱeffectȱofȱreducedȱoxygenȱisȱtoȱcauseȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscle cellsȱthatȱblockȱcapillaryȱbloodȱflowNtheȱprecapillaryȱsphinctersNtoȱrelax.ȱAsȱitȱrelaxes,ȱtheȱcapillary opensȱandȱplasmaȱandȱredȱcellsȱcanȱperfuseȱtheȱactiveȱtissue.ȱAfterȱrecoveryȱfromȱexerciseȱisȱcomplete, gasesȱandȱmetabolitesȱreturnȱtoȱnormalȱandȱbloodȱflowȱreturnsȱtoȱitsȱrestingȱvalue.ȱThisȱlocalȱmechanism worksȱalongȱwithȱcentralȱcontrolȱofȱvasodilationȱbyȱtheȱsympatheticȱvasodilatorȱfibersȱthatȱappearȱto utilizeȱnitricȱoxideȱ(NO)ȱasȱtheȱtransmitterȱsubstance. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Ifȱaȱwoundȱoverwhelmsȱtheȱclottingȱmechanismȱandȱleadsȱtoȱseriousȱhemorrhageȱandȱdropȱinȱbloodȱpressure, whatȱcompensationsȱdoesȱtheȱbodyȱhaveȱtoȱdefendȱcardiacȱoutput? Answer: Acutely,ȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystemȱundergoesȱsympatheticȱactivation.ȱEpinephrineȱfromȱthe suprarenalȱmedullaȱsupportsȱtheȱneuralȱmechanisms.ȱHeartȱrateȱandȱcontractilityȱareȱincreasedȱfrom tryingȱtoȱmaintainȱcardiacȱoutput.ȱVasoconstrictionȱincreasesȱperipheralȱresistance,ȱraisingȱblood pressureȱandȱredirectingȱflowȱtoȱvitalȱinternalȱorgans.ȱSimultaneously,ȱvenoconstrictionȱoccurs, increasingȱvenousȱreturnȱandȱforcingȱextraȱbloodȱfromȱtheȱvenousȱtoȱtheȱarterialȱsideȱofȱtheȱcirculation. TheȱendocrineȱsystemȱreleasesȱADH,ȱangiotensinȱII,ȱandȱaldosterone,ȱwhichȱactȱtogetherȱtoȱraiseȱblood volumeȱbyȱreducingȱfluidȱlossȱatȱtheȱkidney. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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3) Compareȱtheȱheartsȱofȱaȱtrainedȱathleteȱandȱaȱnonathlete. Answer: Theȱathleteȇsȱheartȱwillȱbeȱmoreȱmassive,ȱandȱwillȱhaveȱaȱhigherȱrestingȱstrokeȱvolumeȱandȱaȱlower restingȱheartȱrate.ȱDuringȱmaximumȱactivity,ȱstrokeȱvolumeȱwillȱbeȱmuchȱgreaterȱforȱtheȱathlete,ȱand cardiacȱoutputȱofȱtheȱathleteȱmayȱapproachȱ30ȱliters/minuteȱcomparedȱtoȱ20ȱliters/minuteȱofȱthe nonathlete.ȱMaximumȱheartȱratesȱwillȱbeȱaboutȱtheȱsameȱdespiteȱtheȱmuchȱlargerȱcardiacȱoutput,ȱdueȱto theȱlargerȱstrokeȱvolume. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ22 TheȱLymphoidȱSystemȱandȱImmunity MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱlymphoidȱsystemȱisȱcomposedȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) lymphaticȱvessels. B) theȱvenaeȱcavae. C) theȱspleen. D) lymphȱnodes. E) lymph. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱprimaryȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱlymphoidȱsystemȱis A) circulationȱofȱnutrients. B) theȱtransportȱofȱhormones. C) defendingȱtheȱbodyȱagainstȱbothȱenvironmentalȱhazardsȱandȱinternalȱthreats. D) theȱproductionȱandȱdistributionȱofȱplasmaȱproteins. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱlymphoidȱsystemȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱit A) helpsȱmaintainȱnormalȱbloodȱvolume. B) transportsȱgasesȱtoȱandȱawayȱfromȱlymphȱnodes. C) eliminatesȱvariationsȱinȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱinterstitialȱfluid. D) transportsȱlipidsȱfromȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract. E) fightsȱinfection. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Comparedȱtoȱbloodȱcapillaries,ȱlymphȱcapillariesȱexhibitȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱthatȱthey A) haveȱnoȱbasementȱmembrane. B) areȱlargerȱinȱdiameter. C) haveȱwallsȱofȱendothelialȱcellsȱthatȱoverlapȱlikeȱshingles. D) areȱsmallerȱinȱdiameter. E) areȱfrequentlyȱirregularȱinȱshape. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Mostȱofȱtheȱlymphȱreturnsȱtoȱtheȱvenousȱcirculationȱbyȱwayȱofȱthe A) rightȱlymphaticȱduct. B) thoracicȱduct. C) cisternaȱchyli. D) hepaticȱportalȱvein. E) duralȱsinus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱthoracicȱductȱdrainsȱlymphȱfromȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱregions,ȱexcept the A) leftȱbreast. B) rightȱbreast. C) leftȱarmȱandȱshoulder. D) pelvicȱviscera. E) leftȱsideȱofȱneck. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Lymphȱnodesȱdoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) produceȱantibodies. B) monitorȱtheȱcontentsȱofȱlymph. C) removeȱdebrisȱandȱpathogensȱfromȱtheȱlymph. D) accumulateȱcancerȱcells. E) removeȱexcessȱnutrientsȱfromȱtheȱlymph. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱthymusȱgland,ȱexcept thatȱit A) activatesȱBȱcells. B) reachesȱitsȱgreatestȱrelativeȱsizeȱduringȱtheȱsecondȱyearȱofȱlife. C) involutesȱafterȱpuberty. D) producesȱTȱcells. E) liesȱinȱtheȱanteriorȱmediastinum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Inȱgeneral,ȱlymphocytes A) spendȱmostȱofȱtheirȱtimeȱinȱlymphoidȱtissue. B) haveȱrelativelyȱlongȱlifeȱspans. C) haveȱtwoȱnuclei. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Lymphocytes A) areȱactivelyȱphagocytic. B) destroyȱredȱbloodȱcells. C) respondȱtoȱantigens. D) areȱprimarilyȱfoundȱinȱredȱboneȱmarrow. E) decreaseȱinȱnumberȱduringȱinfection. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Lymphocytesȱmayȱbeȱfoundȱinȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtissuesȱorȱorgans? A) tonsils B) spleen C) lymphȱnodes D) thymus E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) ________ȱareȱlargeȱlymphoidȱnodulesȱthatȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱwallsȱofȱtheȱpharynx. A) Tonsils B) Peyerȱpatches C) Lymphȱnodes D) Immuneȱcomplexes E) Spleens Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) ________ȱareȱclustersȱofȱlymphoidȱnodulesȱdeepȱtoȱtheȱepithelialȱliningȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. A) Tonsils B) Adenoids C) Peyerȱpatches D) Immuneȱcomplexes E) Lymphȱglands Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱtermȱlymphadenopathyȱrefersȱto A) aȱcongenitalȱlackȱofȱlymphȱnodes. B) aȱchronicȱorȱexcessiveȱenlargementȱofȱlymphȱnodes. C) accumulationsȱofȱlymphȱinȱtheȱtissueȱspace. D) theȱlackȱofȱlymphocytesȱinȱperipheralȱcirculation. E) increasedȱnumbersȱofȱcirculatingȱlymphocytes. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Areasȱofȱtheȱspleenȱthatȱcontainȱlargeȱaggregationsȱofȱlymphocytesȱareȱknownȱas A) Peyerȱpatches. B) adenoids. C) whiteȱpulp. D) redȱpulp. E) lymphȱnodes. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Whichȱclassȱofȱleucocytesȱisȱparticularlyȱabundantȱinȱtheȱ redȱpulp ofȱtheȱspleen? A) Tȱlymphocytes. B) freeȱandȱfixedȱmacrophages. C) Bȱlymphocytes. D) neutrophils. E) redȱbloodȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Lymphoidȱorgansȱdifferȱfromȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱinȱwhatȱway? A) TheyȱcontainȱTȱlymphocytesȱandȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱdoȱnot. B) Theyȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱandȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱthorax. C) Theyȱareȱsurroundedȱbyȱaȱfibrousȱcapsuleȱandȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱareȱnot. D) Theyȱcannotȱproduceȱantibodies,ȱwhereasȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱcan. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱlargestȱsingleȱcollectionȱofȱlymphoidȱtissueȱinȱtheȱadultȱbodyȱisȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) liver. B) thymus. C) tonsils. D) spleen. E) lymphȱnodes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱwhiteȱpulpȱofȱtheȱspleenȱisȱpopulatedȱby A) lymphocytes. B) trabeculae. C) arteries. D) veins. E) fibrousȱconnectiveȱtissue. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱbodyȇsȱnonspecificȱdefensesȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) theȱskin. B) complement. C) interferon. D) inflammation. E) antibodies. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱphysicalȱbarrierȱtoȱinfection,ȱexcept A) bodyȱhair. B) epithelium. C) secretions. D) complement. E) basementȱmembranes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Anȱinflammatoryȱresponseȱisȱtriggeredȱwhen A) redȱbloodȱcellsȱreleaseȱpyrogens. B) Tȱcellsȱreleaseȱinterferon. C) mastȱcellsȱreleaseȱhistamineȱandȱheparin. D) neutrophilsȱphagocytizeȱbacteria. E) bloodȱflowȱtoȱanȱareaȱincreases. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱreleaseȱofȱendogenousȱpyrogenȱ(orȱinterleukin-1)ȱbyȱactiveȱmacrophagesȱwould A) causeȱinflammation. B) produceȱaȱfever. C) activateȱcomplement. D) opsonizeȱpathogens. E) activateȱantibodies. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Characteristicsȱofȱspecificȱdefensesȱinclude A) versatility. B) tolerance. C) memory. D) specificity. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Defenseȱofȱtheȱbodyȱagainstȱaȱparticularȱpathogenȱisȱprovidedȱby A) nonspecificȱimmunity. B) specificȱimmunity. C) immunologicalȱsurveillance. D) skinȱdefenses. E) fever. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱfirstȱlineȱofȱcellularȱdefenseȱagainstȱpathogensȱareȱthe A) Tȱcells. B) Bȱcells. C) NKȱcells. D) phagocytes. E) plasmaȱcells. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Microphagesȱinclude A) monocytes. B) Kupfferȱcells. C) neutrophils. D) eosinophils. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Variousȱtypesȱofȱmacrophagesȱareȱderivedȱfrom A) lymphocytes. B) monocytes. C) neutrophils. D) eosinophils. E) basophils. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱeffectsȱofȱactivatingȱtheȱcomplementȱsystemȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) destructionȱofȱtargetȱcellȱplasmaȱmembranes. B) stimulationȱofȱinflammation. C) inhibitionȱofȱtheȱimmuneȱresponse. D) opsonization. E) chemotaxis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) TheȱclassicȱpathwayȱofȱcomplementȱactivationȱbeginsȱwhenȱtheȱproteinȱC1ȱbindsȱto A) theȱcellȱwallȱofȱbacteria. B) theȱplasmaȱmembraneȱofȱbacteria. C) anȱantibodyȱattachedȱtoȱanȱantigen. D) aȱcellȱsurfaceȱantigen. E) aȱplasmaȱprotein. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Immunityȱthatȱisȱgeneticallyȱdeterminedȱandȱpresentȱatȱbirthȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱimmunity. A) active B) naturalȱpassive C) passive D) auto E) innate Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Immunityȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱexposureȱtoȱanȱantigenȱinȱtheȱenvironmentȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱimmunity. A) naturallyȱacquiredȱactive B) naturalȱpassive C) passive D) auto E) innate Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Immunityȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱantibodiesȱthatȱpassȱtheȱplacentaȱfromȱmotherȱtoȱfetusȱisȱcalledȱ________ȱimmunity. A) active B) naturallyȱacquiredȱpassive C) passive D) auto E) innate Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Inȱpassiveȱimmunization,ȱthe A) immuneȱsystemȱattacksȱnormalȱbodyȱcells. B) bodyȱisȱdeliberatelyȱexposedȱtoȱanȱantigen. C) bodyȱreceivesȱantibodiesȱproducedȱbyȱotherȱhumans. D) bodyȱreceivesȱantibodiesȱproducedȱbyȱanȱanimal. E) eitherȱCȱorȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱcellsȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱproductionȱofȱcirculatingȱimmunoglobulinsȱareȱ________ȱcells. A) NK B) plasma C) helperȱT D) thymus E) liver Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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36) Theȱcellsȱdirectlyȱresponsibleȱforȱcellularȱimmunityȱareȱtheȱ________ȱcells. A) B B) plasma C) helperȱT D) cytotoxicȱT E) suppressorȱT Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱcellsȱresponsibleȱforȱhumoralȱimmunityȱareȱtheȱ________ȱcells. A) NK B) B C) helperȱT D) cytotoxicȱT E) suppressorȱT Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱmedullaryȱcordsȱofȱaȱlymphȱnodeȱcontainȱ________ȱlymphocytesȱandȱplasmaȱcells. A) cytotoxicȱT B) medullary C) NK D) B E) cordal Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) StemȱcellsȱthatȱwillȱformȱBȱcellsȱorȱNKȱcellsȱareȱfoundȱonlyȱinȱthe A) boneȱmarrow. B) liver. C) spleen. D) thymus. E) kidneys. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Lymphocytesȱthatȱdestroyȱforeignȱcellsȱorȱvirus-infectedȱcellsȱareȱ________ȱcells. A) B B) plasma C) helperȱT D) cytotoxicȱT E) suppressorȱT Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Cellsȱthatȱhelpȱregulateȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱareȱ________ȱcells. A) B B) plasma C) helperȱT D) cytotoxicȱT E) NK Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) SuppressorȱTȱcellsȱactȱto A) suppressȱantigens. B) eraseȱmemoryȱTȱcells. C) limitȱantigenȱproliferation. D) inhibitȱTȱandȱBȱcellȱactivities. E) produceȱantibodiesȱinvolvedȱinȱautoimmunity. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱcellsȱthatȱperformȱimmunologicalȱsurveillanceȱareȱtheȱ________ȱcells. A) NK B) plasma C) B D) helperȱT E) suppressorȱT Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) StemȱcellsȱthatȱwillȱformȱTȱcellsȱdevelopȱinȱthe A) boneȱmarrow. B) liver. C) spleen. D) thymus. E) kidneys. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱcellȱthatȱdominatesȱtheȱdeepȱcorticalȱregionȱofȱaȱlymphȱnodeȱisȱtheȱ________ȱcell. A) B B) T C) plasma D) nodule E) NK Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱvariousȱclassesȱofȱimmunoglobulinsȱareȱdifferentiatedȱonȱtheȱbasisȱofȱtheir A) asymmetry. B) antigenȱspecificity. C) light-chainȱvariableȱsegments. D) heavy-chainȱconstantȱsegments. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Immunoglobulinsȱthatȱareȱmostȱabundantȱandȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱresistanceȱagainstȱmanyȱviruses,ȱbacteria,ȱand bacterialȱtoxinsȱare A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Immunoglobulinsȱthatȱattachȱtoȱandȱsensitizeȱmastȱcellsȱandȱbasophilsȱare A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) ImmunoglobulinsȱthatȱareȱfoundȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱBȱcellsȱandȱmayȱactivateȱantibodyȱproductionȱare A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Immunoglobulins,ȱformedȱofȱfiveȱsubunits,ȱthatȱareȱtheȱfirstȱantibodiesȱtoȱbeȱproducedȱinȱresponseȱtoȱinfection, are A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Immunoglobulinsȱthatȱareȱprimarilyȱfoundȱinȱglandularȱsecretionsȱsuchȱasȱsalivaȱandȱtearsȱare A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱbindingȱofȱanȱantigenȱtoȱanȱantibodyȱcanȱresultȱin A) neutralizationȱofȱtheȱantigen. B) agglutinationȱorȱprecipitation. C) complementȱactivationȱandȱopsonization. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Inȱorderȱforȱaȱlymphocyteȱtoȱrespondȱtoȱanȱantigen,ȱtheȱantigenȱmust A) beȱphagocytizedȱbyȱtheȱlymphocyte. B) enterȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱtheȱlymphocyte. C) bindȱtoȱtheȱDNAȱofȱtheȱlymphocyte. D) bindȱtoȱspecificȱreceptorsȱonȱtheȱlymphocyteȱsurface. E) depolarizeȱtheȱlymphocyte. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Theȱroleȱofȱantigen-presentingȱcellsȱinȱimmunityȱisȱto A) activateȱTȱcells. B) displayȱantigenȱfragments. C) processȱantigens. D) produceȱantibodies. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱMHCȱproteinsȱisȱnotȱtrue? A) bindȱcomplement B) allowȱtheȱbodyȱtoȱdifferentiateȱitsȱownȱcellsȱfromȱforeignȱcells C) functionȱinȱantigenȱpresentation D) fallȱintoȱtwoȱmajorȱclasses E) areȱfoundȱonȱallȱnucleatedȱcells Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) WhenȱanȱantigenȱisȱboundȱtoȱaȱClassȱIȱMHCȱmolecule,ȱitȱcanȱstimulateȱaȱ________ȱcell. A) B B) plasma C) helperȱT D) cytotoxicȱT E) NK Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) ClassȱIIȱMHCȱmoleculesȱareȱfoundȱonlyȱonȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowing? A) allȱbodyȱcellsȱwithȱaȱnucleus B) redȱbloodȱcells C) granulocytesȱandȱmicrophages D) lymphocytesȱandȱantigen-presentingȱcells E) liverȱcellsȱandȱmacrophagesȱinȱtheȱspleen Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) WhenȱanȱantigenȱisȱboundȱtoȱaȱClassȱIIȱMHCȱprotein,ȱitȱcanȱactivateȱaȱ________ȱcell. A) plasma B) helperȱT C) NK D) suppressorȱT E) cytotoxicȱT Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Bȱcellsȱareȱprimarilyȱactivatedȱbyȱtheȱactivitiesȱof A) antigens. B) antibodies. C) helperȱTȱcells. D) macrophages. E) plasmaȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) HelperȱTȱcellsȱdoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) triggerȱB-cellȱdivision,ȱplasmaȱcellȱmaturation,ȱandȱantibodyȱproduction. B) provideȱaȱrapidȱresponseȱtoȱaȱfutureȱexposureȱtoȱtheȱantigen. C) enhanceȱproductionȱofȱmemoryȱandȱcytotoxicȱTȱcells. D) attractȱandȱstimulateȱtheȱactivityȱofȱNKȱcells. E) enhanceȱnonspecificȱdefenses. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Theȱfollowingȱareȱstepsȱinȱtheȱcell-mediatedȱimmuneȱresponse. 1.ȱSeveralȱcyclesȱofȱmitosisȱoccur. 2.ȱAntigenȱisȱengulfedȱandȱpresentedȱbyȱaȱmacrophage. 3.ȱCytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱmigrateȱtoȱfocusȱofȱinfection. 4.ȱTȱcellsȱwithȱspecificȱreceptorsȱrecognizeȱtheȱantigen. 5.ȱTȱcellsȱdifferentiateȱintoȱcytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱorȱTȱmemoryȱcells. 6.ȱCytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱreleaseȱperforinȱand/orȱlymphotoxin. Theȱcorrectȱsequenceȱforȱtheseȱstepsȱis A) 4,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6,ȱ2. B) 2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6. C) 1,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6. D) 3,ȱ2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ6. E) 3,ȱ6,ȱ4,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ2. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Duringȱaȱprimaryȱhumoralȱresponseȱtoȱantigensȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccur,ȱ exceptȱ A) Bȱcellsȱmayȱdifferentiateȱintoȱplasmaȱcellsȱimmediately. B) Bȱcellsȱmayȱundergoȱseveralȱroundsȱofȱmitosisȱbeforeȱproducingȱplasmaȱcellsȱandȱmemoryȱcells. C) antibodyȱlevelsȱdoȱnotȱpeakȱuntilȱ1ȱtoȱ2ȱweeksȱafterȱtheȱinitialȱexposure. D) neutrophilsȱinvadeȱtheȱsurroundingȱareas,ȱreleasingȱchemotacticȱsubstances. E) theȱfirstȱimmunoglobulinsȱtoȱappearȱinȱcirculationȱareȱofȱtheȱIgMȱtype. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱsecondaryȱresponseȱofȱhumoralȱimmunity,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) dependsȱonȱmemoryȱBȱcells. B) resultsȱinȱmuchȱhigherȱantibodyȱtitersȱthanȱinȱtheȱprimaryȱresponse. C) resultsȱinȱmuchȱquickerȱriseȱinȱantibodyȱtiters. D) producesȱmoreȱeffectiveȱantibodies. E) weakensȱquicklyȱbecauseȱmemoryȱBȱcellsȱonlyȱsurviveȱforȱaȱyearȱorȱtwo. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱprimaryȱresponseȱofȱhumoralȱimmunity,ȱexceptȱthatȱit A) dependsȱonȱantigenȱtriggeringȱtheȱappropriateȱBȱcell. B) requiresȱBȱcellȱdifferentiationȱintoȱplasmaȱcells. C) isȱdelayedȱbyȱtheȱmemoryȱcellȱstage. D) circulatingȱantibodiesȱundergoȱaȱgradual,ȱsustainedȱrise. E) peaksȱ1ȱtoȱ2ȱweeksȱafterȱtheȱinitialȱexposure. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Hormonesȱofȱtheȱimmuneȱsystemȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) interleukins. B) interferons. C) natriureticȱfactor. D) thymosins. E) tumorȱnecrosisȱfactor. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Interleukinsȱdoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) increaseȱT-cellȱsensitivityȱtoȱantigensȱexposedȱonȱmacrophageȱmembranes. B) stimulateȱB-cellȱactivity,ȱplasmaȱcellȱformation,ȱandȱantibodyȱproduction. C) stimulateȱinflammation. D) elevateȱbodyȱtemperature. E) stimulateȱcollagenȱsynthesis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Newbornsȱgainȱtheirȱimmunityȱinitiallyȱfrom A) earlyȱimmunizations. B) contactȱwithȱvirusesȱandȱbacteria. C) antibodiesȱpassedȱacrossȱtheȱplacentaȱfromȱtheȱmother. D) contactȱwithȱsiblings. E) breastȱmilk. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Theȱonlyȱantibodiesȱthatȱnormallyȱcrossȱtheȱplacentaȱare A) IgA. B) IgD. C) IgE. D) IgG. E) IgM. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Autoantibodies A) areȱproducedȱbyȱactivatedȱTȱcells. B) areȱproducedȱduringȱanȱallergicȱreaction. C) areȱdirectedȱagainstȱtheȱbodyȇsȱownȱantigens. D) areȱtheȱfirstȱstepȱinȱimmunologicalȱcompetence. E) areȱimportantȱinȱtissueȱrejectionȱreactions. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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70) Inappropriateȱorȱexcessiveȱimmuneȱresponsesȱtoȱantigensȱare A) immunodeficiencyȱdiseases. B) autoimmuneȱdiseases. C) allergies. D) theȱresultȱofȱstress. E) signsȱofȱaȱweakȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Stressȱcanȱaffectȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱways,ȱexcept by A) inhibitingȱglucocorticoidȱrelease. B) depressingȱtheȱinflammatoryȱresponse. C) reducingȱtheȱnumberȱofȱphagocytes. D) inhibitingȱinterleukinȱsecretion. E) increasingȱtheȱlevelȱofȱglucocorticoids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Changesȱinȱtheȱimmuneȱsystemȱthatȱaccompanyȱagingȱinclude A) Tȱcellsȱbecomingȱlessȱresponsiveȱtoȱantigens. B) fewerȱcytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱrespondingȱtoȱinfections. C) decreasedȱnumbersȱofȱTȱhelperȱcells. D) Bȱcellsȱlessȱresponsive. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) WhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱinterleukinsȱstimulatesȱTȱcellsȱtoȱproduceȱIL-2,ȱpromotesȱinflammation,ȱandȱcauses fever? A) IL-1 B) IL-3 C) IL-4 D) IL-8 E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Lymphocytesȱareȱproducedȱandȱstoredȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) theȱthymus. B) lymphoidȱnodules. C) lymphȱnodeȱorgans. D) theȱspleen. E) theȱbrain. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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75) Lymphaticȱcapillariesȱareȱknownȱfor A) beingȱtheȱstartingȱpointȱofȱtheȱlymphaticȱcirculation. B) beingȱtheȱsmallestȱlymphaticȱvessels. C) havingȱlargerȱdiametersȱandȱlooserȱwallsȱthanȱbloodȱcapillaries. D) shingle-likeȱendothelialȱcells. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) Lymphaticȱvesselsȱcommonlyȱoccurȱinȱassociationȱwith A) hyalineȱcartilage. B) bloodȱvessels. C) adiposeȱtissue. D) sensoryȱnerveȱendings. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Theȱmergingȱofȱ________ȱformsȱtheȱrightȱlymphaticȱduct. A) theȱrightȱjugular,ȱrightȱsubclavian,ȱandȱrightȱbronchomediastinalȱtrunks B) theȱleftȱjugular,ȱrightȱsubclavian,ȱandȱrightȱbronchomediastinalȱtrunks C) twoȱgreatȱvessels D) theȱthoracicȱandȱmediastinalȱducts E) superiorȱandȱinferiorȱlymphaticȱducts Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Tȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱBȱisȱtoȱ________. A) top;ȱbottom B) thymus-dependent;ȱboneȱmarrow-derived C) thyroid;ȱbowel D) non-thymus-dependent;ȱbottom E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

79) Lymphocyteȱproductionȱinvolves A) boneȱmarrow. B) thymusȱtissue. C) peripheralȱlymphoidȱtissues. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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80) IfȱtheȱdisulfideȱbondsȱinȱIgGȱwereȱbroken,ȱhowȱmanyȱproteinȱchainsȱwouldȱbeȱsetȱfree? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) dozens Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Dividingȱlymphocytesȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱlymphoidȱnodule. A) centralȱzone B) germinalȱcenter C) cortex D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Lymphȱnodesȱrangeȱinȱdiameterȱfrom A) 1ȱnmȱtoȱ10ȱnm. B) 1ȱinchȱtoȱ2ȱinches. C) 1ȱmmȱtoȱ25ȱmm. D) 1ȱcmȱtoȱ25ȱcm. E) 1ȱcmȱtoȱ1ȱinch. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Lymphaticȱvesselsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱalmostȱallȱportionsȱofȱtheȱbody,ȱexcept the A) CNS. B) periphery. C) renalȱarteries. D) groin. E) throat. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Theȱlargestȱcollectionȱofȱlymphoidȱtissueȱinȱtheȱbodyȱisȱfoundȱinȱthe A) pancreas. B) liver. C) kidney. D) spleen. E) thyroidȱgland. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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85) Whichȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱaboutȱlymphȱflowȱinȱaȱnodeȱisȱfalse? A) lymphȱentersȱinȱanȱafferentȱlymphatic B) lymphȱfirstȱentersȱtheȱsubcapsularȱspace C) lymphȱflowsȱpastȱdendriticȱcells D) theȱefferentȱlymphaticȱexitsȱatȱtheȱhilum E) theȱafferentȱlymphaticsȱentersȱatȱtheȱhilum Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

86) Nonspecificȱdefensesȱinclude A) phagocyticȱcells. B) physicalȱbarriers. C) inflammation. D) interferons. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Specificȱdefensesȱdependȱonȱtheȱactivitiesȱof A) monocytes. B) leukocytes. C) agranulocytes. D) erythrocytes. E) lymphocytes. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

88) Examplesȱofȱphysicalȱbarriersȱagainstȱpathogensȱinclude A) sebaceousȱglands. B) mucus. C) epithelia. D) epidermalȱlayers. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Plasmaȱcontainsȱ________ȱspecialȱcomplementȱproteinsȱthatȱformȱtheȱcomplementȱsystem. A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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90) Inflammationȱproducesȱlocalized A) swelling. B) redness. C) heat. D) pain. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

91) Feverȱisȱtheȱmaintenanceȱofȱbodyȱtemperatureȱgreaterȱthan A) 37.2°C. B) 99°F. C) 98.6°F. D) AȱorȱC E) AȱorȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) InȱIgG,ȱtheȱantigenȱbindingȱsiteȱisȱformedȱby A) theȱvariableȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱlightȱchain B) theȱvariableȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱheavyȱchain C) theȱconstantȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱheavyȱchain D) Aȱ+ȱB E) Aȱ+ȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) ________ȱisȱtheȱclassȱofȱantibodyȱfirstȱsecretedȱinȱresponseȱtoȱaȱnewȱantigen. A) IgG B) IgE C) IgD D) IgM E) IgA Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) EachȱIgGȱhasȱ________ȱbindingȱsitesȱforȱattachmentȱtoȱantigenicȱdeterminants. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) upȱtoȱ8 E) asȱmanyȱasȱaȱ1000 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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95) Stemȱcellsȱthatȱcanȱformȱallȱtypesȱofȱlymphocytesȱareȱconcentratedȱinȱthe A) circulation. B) thymus. C) redȱmarrow. D) spleen. E) yellowȱmarrow. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

96) WhichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱanȱIgGȱheavyȱchain? A) hasȱoneȱconstantȱsegment B) hasȱoneȱvariableȱsegment C) bindsȱoneȱlightȱchain D) bindsȱantigenȱatȱbothȱends E) bindsȱcomplementȱinȱtheȱconstantȱregion Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

97) Lymphoidȱtissueȱisȱfoundȱinȱtheȱgreatestȱquantityȱin A) theȱadultȱspleen. B) theȱadultȱthymus. C) boneȱmarrow. D) theȱtonsils. E) Peyerȱpatches. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) TȱcellsȱandȱBȱcellsȱcanȱbeȱactivatedȱonlyȱby A) pathogens. B) interleukins,ȱinterferons,ȱandȱcolony-stimulatingȱfactors. C) cellsȱinfectedȱwithȱviruses,ȱbacteria,ȱorȱcancerȱcells. D) exposureȱtoȱaȱspecificȱantigenȱatȱaȱspecificȱsiteȱinȱaȱplasmaȱmembrane. E) disease-causingȱagents. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) ClassȱIIȱMHCȱproteinsȱareȱpresentȱinȱtheȱplasmaȱmembraneȱonly A) whenȱplasmaȱcellsȱareȱreleasingȱantibodies. B) inȱantigen-presentingȱcellsȱandȱlymphocytes. C) whenȱcytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱareȱinhibited. D) whenȱNKȱcellsȱareȱactivated. E) duringȱinfections. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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100) Ifȱtheȱthymusȱshrankȱandȱstoppedȱmakingȱthymosins,ȱweȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱseeȱanȱimmediateȱdecreaseȱinȱthe numberȱof A) Bȱlymphocytes. B) NKȱcells. C) Tȱcells. D) neutrophils. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) Histamineȱincreasesȱbloodȱflowȱandȱvascularȱpermeability.ȱThisȱwouldȱaccountȱforȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱchanges thatȱoccurȱduringȱinflammation,ȱexceptȱ A) rednessȱofȱtheȱinflamedȱtissue. B) chemotaxisȱofȱphagocytes. C) heatȱofȱtheȱinflamedȱtissue. D) movementȱofȱdefenseȱproteinsȱandȱcellsȱintoȱtheȱinterstitialȱspace. E) swellingȱofȱtheȱinflamedȱtissue. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Inȱanȱexperimentalȱsituation,ȱaȱrabbitȱisȱexposedȱtoȱaȱviralȱantigenȱtoȱwhichȱitȱmakesȱantibodies.ȱThese antibodiesȱareȱthenȱpurifiedȱandȱinjectedȱintoȱaȱhumanȱwithȱtheȱsameȱviralȱdisease.ȱThisȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) innateȱimmunity. B) activeȱimmunization. C) passiveȱimmunization. D) naturalȱimmunity. E) alloimmunity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Theȱhumanȱimmunodeficiencyȱvirusȱ(HIV)ȱthatȱcausesȱtheȱdiseaseȱknownȱasȱAIDSȱselectivelyȱinfectsȱ________ cells. A) B B) plasma C) cytotoxicȱT D) helperȱT E) suppressorȱT Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) InfectionȱwithȱtheȱHIVȱvirusȱoccursȱthrough A) eatingȱcontaminatedȱfood. B) airborneȱdropletsȱfromȱcoughsȱandȱsneezes. C) intimateȱcontactȱwithȱanȱinfectedȱpersonȇsȱbodyȱfluids. D) casualȱcontactȱwithȱanȱinfectedȱindividual. E) sharingȱclothesȱwithȱanȱinfectedȱindividual. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) WhichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱaȱpropertyȱofȱAIDS? A) hasȱkilledȱatȱleastȱ½ȱmillionȱpeopleȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStates B) isȱspreadȱmostȱoftenȱthroughȱsexualȱcontact C) attacksȱtheȱTȱhelperȱ(CD4)ȱcells D) isȱdecliningȱworldwide E) almostȱalwaysȱeventuallyȱfatal. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) MillyȱhasȱjustȱreceivedȱaȱkidneyȱtransplantȱandȱisȱtakingȱcyclosporinȱA.ȱWhatȱdoesȱthisȱmedicationȱdo? A) preventsȱinflammationȱfromȱdestroyingȱtheȱtransplantedȱkidney B) depressesȱhematopoiesis C) decreasesȱchemotaxisȱofȱmacrophagesȱtoȱtheȱtransplantedȱkidney D) weakensȱantibodiesȱinȱtheȱblood E) suppressesȱcytotoxicȱTȱcells,ȱthusȱpreventingȱrejection Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Duringȱaȱprimaryȱimmuneȱresponse,ȱthe A) IgMȱtiterȱisȱinitiallyȱhigherȱthanȱtheȱIgGȱtiter. B) IgGȱtiterȱisȱinitiallyȱhigherȱthanȱtheȱIgMȱtiter. C) IgMȱtiterȱandȱtheȱIgGȱtiterȱriseȱinȱparallel. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Leslieȱhasȱaȱbadȱsoreȱthroatȱandȱtheȱlymphȱglandsȱinȱherȱneckȱareȱswollen.ȱThisȱwouldȱindicateȱthat A) theȱfocusȱofȱtheȱinfectionȱisȱtheȱlymphȱglands. B) lymphȱisȱnotȱflowingȱthroughȱtheseȱlymphȱglands. C) theȱaffectedȱlymphȱglandsȱcontainȱanȱincreasedȱnumberȱofȱlymphocytes. D) theȱlymphȱglandȱisȱactivelyȱproducingȱphagocytes. E) theȱlymphȱglandȱhasȱincreasedȱitsȱsecretionȱofȱthymosin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

109) CytotoxicȱTȱcellsȱcanȱattackȱtargetȱcellsȱwithȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱchemicalȱweapons? A) secreteȱstrongȱacid B) secreteȱorganicȱsolvent C) secreteȱfreeȱradicals D) secreteȱaȱcytokineȱthatȱtriggersȱapoptosis E) secreteȱmutantȱproteins Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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110) AȱsampleȱofȱJohnȇsȱbloodȱshowsȱaȱhighȱlevelȱofȱpyrogens.ȱThisȱwouldȱindicateȱthatȱJohn A) isȱfeelingȱachy. B) isȱproducingȱTȱlymphocytes. C) hasȱaȱsoreȱthroat. D) isȱrunningȱaȱfever. E) hasȱswollenȱlymphȱnodes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

111) Inȱaȱroutineȱexamination,ȱsomeȱbloodȱisȱtakenȱandȱanalyzed.ȱTheȱresultsȱshowȱaȱhighȱIgMȱtiterȱforȱtheȱmumps virusȱbutȱaȱlowȱIgGȱanti-mumpsȱtiter.ȱThisȱwouldȱindicateȱtheȱperson A) hasȱjustȱrecoveredȱfromȱmumps. B) wasȱrecentlyȱinfectedȱwithȱmumps. C) isȱallergicȱtoȱmumps. D) isȱimmuneȱtoȱmumps. E) isȱrelyingȱonȱpassiveȱimmunity. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

112) AȱcrimeȱsceneȱinvestigatorȱfoundȱthatȱaȱbiologicalȱfluidȱsampleȱcontainsȱaȱlargeȱamountȱofȱIgA -typeȱantibody. Thisȱfluidȱisȱprobably A) blood. B) lymph. C) serum. D) tears. E) interstitial. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

113) Inȱanȱexperiment,ȱRogerȱinjectsȱmiceȱwithȱinterleukin-2ȱ(IL-2).ȱAfterȱ3ȱdaysȱheȱexaminesȱtheȱbloodȱandȱlymph forȱchanges.ȱWhatȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱobserveȱfollowingȱthisȱtreatment? A) decreasedȱnumberȱofȱTȱcells B) increasedȱnumberȱofȱTȱcells C) decreasedȱnumberȱofȱBȱcells D) increasedȱnumberȱofȱmastȱcells E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ22- 1ȱTheȱStructureȱofȱaȱLymphȱNode UseȱFigureȱ22- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 114) IdentifyȱtheȱdominantȱcellȱtypeȱinȱtheȱareaȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) Tȱcells B) Bȱcells C) erythrocytes D) platelets E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

115) IdentifyȱtheȱdominantȱcellȱtypeȱinȱtheȱareaȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) Tȱcells B) Bȱcells C) erythrocytes D) platelets E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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116) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) efferentȱlymphaticȱvessel B) venule C) arteriole D) afferentȱlymphaticȱvessel E) lymphaticȱnodule Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) cortex B) capsule C) subcapsularȱspace D) trabeculae E) outerȱcortex Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

118) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) medulla B) innerȱcortex C) outerȱcortex D) trabeculae E) corticalȱsinus Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱthoracicȱductȱoriginatesȱfromȱanȱexpandedȱchamberȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: cisternaȱchyli Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) ________ȱareȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱdominatedȱbyȱlymphocytes. Answer: Lymphoidȱtissues Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱphagocyticȱantigen-presentingȱcellsȱbelongȱtoȱtheȱ________ȱgroup. Answer: monocyte-macrophage Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) ________ȱareȱphagocyticȱcellsȱthatȱareȱpermanentȱresidentsȱofȱspecificȱtissuesȱandȱorgans. Answer: Fixedȱmacrophages Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) ________ȱareȱfixedȱmacrophagesȱthatȱareȱfoundȱinȱtheȱcentralȱnervousȱsystem. Answer: Microglia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) ________ȱareȱfixedȱmacrophagesȱfoundȱinȱtheȱliver. Answer: Kupfferȱcells Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) ________ȱareȱantigen-presentingȱcellsȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱepitheliaȱofȱtheȱskin. Answer: Dendriticȱcells Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱareȱfreeȱphagocytesȱfoundȱinȱtheȱairȱsacsȱofȱtheȱlungs. Answer: Alveolarȱmacrophages Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱmovementȱofȱphagocytesȱthroughȱtheȱcapillaryȱwallȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: diapedesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱattractionȱorȱrepulsionȱofȱcertainȱcellsȱtoȱchemicalsȱinȱtheirȱenvironmentȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: chemotaxis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) ________ȱareȱantibodiesȱthatȱmakeȱitȱeasierȱforȱphagocytesȱtoȱengulfȱtheirȱtargetȱcells. Answer: Opsonins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱalternativeȱpathwayȱofȱcomplementȱactivationȱisȱsometimesȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱpathway. Answer: properdin Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱsubstanceȱthatȱprovokesȱanȱimmuneȱresponseȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: antigen Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱareȱantibodiesȱfoundȱinȱbodyȱfluids. Answer: Immunoglobulins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱportionsȱofȱanȱantigenȱtoȱwhichȱantibodiesȱbindȱareȱtheȱ________. Answer: antigenicȱdeterminantȱsites Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱanȱantigenȱwithȱatȱleastȱtwoȱantigenicȱdeterminantȱsites. Answer: completeȱantigen Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) ________ȱoccursȱwhenȱanȱantigenȱfragment —glycoproteinȱcomplexȱappearsȱinȱaȱplasmaȱmembrane. Answer: Antigenȱpresentation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Aȱmeasureȱofȱantibodyȱlevelȱinȱtheȱplasmaȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: antibodyȱtiter Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Whenȱanȱantibodyȱbindsȱtoȱitsȱspecificȱantigenȱa(n)ȱ________ȱisȱformed. Answer: antibody-antigenȱcomplex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Whenȱlargeȱnumbersȱofȱantibodiesȱencounterȱtheirȱantigenicȱtargets,ȱtheyȱinteractȱtoȱformȱaȱthree -dimensional structureȱknownȱasȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: immuneȱcomplex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) ________ȱisȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱdemonstrateȱanȱimmuneȱresponseȱuponȱexposureȱtoȱanȱantigen. Answer: Immunologicalȱcompetence Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱantibodiesȱbindȱtoȱantigenicȱsitesȱonȱvirusesȱorȱtoxins,ȱrenderingȱthemȱincapableȱof bindingȱtoȱotherȱcells,ȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: neutralization Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱsolubleȱantigensȱcombineȱwithȱantibodiesȱtoȱformȱinsolubleȱimmuneȱcomplexesȱisȱcalled ________. Answer: precipitation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱantibodiesȱbindȱtoȱtheȱantigenȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱcells,ȱformingȱlargeȱimmuneȱcomplexes, isȱcalledȱ________. Answer: agglutination Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱaȱmicroorganismȱisȱcoveredȱwithȱantibodiesȱandȱcomplement,ȱrenderingȱit moreȱlikelyȱtoȱbeȱphagocytized,ȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: opsonization Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) ________ȱcellsȱenableȱtheȱimmuneȱsystemȱtoȱrespondȱquicklyȱandȱrobustlyȱifȱtheȱsameȱantigenȱisȱencounteredȱa secondȱtime. Answer: Memory Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) ________ȱexistsȱwhenȱtheȱimmuneȱsystemȱdoesȱnotȱrespondȱtoȱaȱparticularȱantigen. Answer: Tolerance Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) ________ȱareȱhormonesȱthatȱregulateȱtheȱactivityȱofȱBȱcellsȱandȱTȱcellsȱandȱenhanceȱnonspecificȱdefense. Answer: Interleukins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) ________ȱareȱhormonesȱthatȱmakeȱaȱcellȱandȱitsȱneighborsȱresistantȱtoȱvirusȱinfection. Answer: Interferons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Hormonesȱthatȱslowȱtumorȱgrowthȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: tumorȱnecrosisȱfactors Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱeitherȱtheȱimmuneȱsystemȱfailsȱtoȱdevelopȱnormallyȱorȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱisȱblocked. Answer: immunodeficiencyȱdisease Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) ________ȱdevelopȱwhenȱtheȱimmuneȱresponseȱmistakenlyȱtargetsȱnormalȱbodyȱcellsȱandȱtissues. Answer: Autoimmuneȱdisorders Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Antigensȱthatȱtriggerȱallergicȱreactionsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: allergens Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) ________ȱlymphaticsȱleaveȱtheȱlymphȱnodeȱatȱtheȱhilum. Answer: Efferent Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Microgliaȱareȱtoȱ________ȱasȱKupfferȱcellsȱareȱtoȱ________. Answer: CNS;ȱliver Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

36) Theȱimmuneȱsystemȱisȱsaidȱtoȱexhibitȱ________ȱtowardȱthoseȱagentsȱthatȱdoȱnotȱstimulateȱanȱimmuneȱresponse. Answer: tolerance Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) CD8ȱmarkersȱareȱtoȱ________ȱTȱcellsȱasȱCD4ȱmarkersȱareȱtoȱ________ȱTȱcells. Answer: cytotoxic;ȱhelper Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

38) Anȱinfectionȱandȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱaggregatedȱlymphoidȱnodulesȱinȱtheȱpharynxȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: tonsilitis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) WhatȱdoȱtheȱlettersȱHIVȱstandȱfor? Answer: humanȱimmunodeficiencyȱvirus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Lymphoidȱtissuesȱareȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱdominatedȱbyȱ________. Answer: lymphocytes Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

41) CyclosporinȱAȱisȱanȱexampleȱofȱaȱdrugȱthatȱinhibitsȱ________ȱofȱaȱtransplantedȱorgan. Answer: rejection Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Anȱaccumulationȱofȱlymphȱinȱaȱregionȱwhereȱlymphaticȱdrainageȱhasȱbeenȱblockedȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: lymphedema Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Stromalȱcellsȱproduceȱtheȱcytokineȱinterleukin- 7,ȱwhichȱpromotesȱtheȱdifferentiationȱofȱBȱcells. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Lymphoidȱorgansȱsuchȱasȱtheȱthymusȱandȱspleenȱareȱsurroundedȱbyȱaȱconnectiveȱtissueȱcapsule. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) Theȱspecificityȱofȱanȱantibodyȱmoleculeȱdependsȱonȱtheȱstructureȱofȱtheȱconstantȱregionsȱofȱtheȱlightȱandȱheavy chains. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) WhatȱisȱMALT?ȱWhatȱroleȱdoesȱitȱplayȱinȱtheȱbodyȇsȱdefenses? Answer: MALTȱisȱanȱacronymȱforȱmucosa- associatedȱlymphoidȱtissue. Itȱconsistsȱofȱaggregatedȱlymphoidȱnodules deepȱtoȱtheȱmucosaȱ(gutȱlining)ȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem.ȱExamplesȱincludeȱPeyerȱpatchesȱinȱtheȱsmall intestineȱandȱtheȱvermiformȱappendixȱthatȱisȱattachedȱwhereȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱjoinsȱtheȱlargeȱintestine. Theseȱlymphocytesȱareȱpositionedȱtoȱdetectȱandȱneutralizeȱpathogensȱtoȱenterȱtheȱbodyȱacrossȱthe digestiveȱmucosa.ȱBesideȱtheseȱspecificȱdefenses,ȱthereȱisȱalsoȱmucusȱandȱotherȱprotectiveȱsecretions. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Listȱandȱbrieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱfourȱgeneralȱpropertiesȱofȱimmunity. Answer: (1)ȱSpecificity:ȱTheȱimmuneȱresponseȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱaȱspecificȱantigenȱandȱdefendsȱagainstȱonlyȱthat antigen.ȱ(2)ȱVersatility:ȱTheȱimmuneȱsystemȱcanȱdifferentiateȱamongȱhundredsȱofȱmillionsȱofȱantigens thatȱitȱmightȱencounterȱduringȱaȱnormalȱlifetime.ȱ(3)ȱMemory:ȱTheȱimmuneȱresponseȱfollowingȱthe secondȱexposureȱtoȱaȱparticularȱantigenȱisȱstrongerȱandȱlastsȱlongerȱthanȱbefore.ȱ(4)ȱTolerance:ȱSome antigens,ȱsuchȱasȱthoseȱonȱyourȱownȱcells,ȱdoȱnotȱelicitȱanȱimmuneȱresponse. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Listȱandȱbrieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱlymphoidȱsystem. Answer: Theȱlymphoidȱsystemȱconsistsȱofȱ(1)ȱlymph,ȱaȱfluidȱthatȱresemblesȱplasmaȱbutȱcontainsȱaȱmuchȱlower concentrationȱofȱsuspendedȱproteins;ȱ(2)ȱaȱnetworkȱofȱlymphaticȱvessels,ȱoftenȱcalledȱlymphatics,ȱwhich beginȱinȱperipheralȱtissuesȱandȱendȱatȱconnectionsȱtoȱveins;ȱ(3)ȱanȱarrayȱofȱlymphoidȱtissuesȱand lymphoidȱorgansȱsuchȱasȱlymphȱnodes,ȱspleen,ȱandȱthymusȱscatteredȱthroughoutȱtheȱbody;ȱandȱ(4) lymphocytesȱandȱsmallerȱnumbersȱofȱphagocytesȱandȱotherȱcellsȱsuchȱasȱdendriticȱcells.ȱTheȱlymphoid systemȱisȱorganizedȱtoȱprovideȱspecificȱdefensesȱagainstȱaȱwideȱarrayȱofȱbiologicalȱhazardsȱandȱdiseases. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Youȱareȱaȱresearcherȱinterestedȱinȱstudyingȱtheȱcytoskeleton.ȱHowȱcanȱyouȱuseȱantibodiesȱtoȱlocateȱactin - and tubulin-containingȱstructures? Answer: Sinceȱthoseȱcytoskeletalȱcomponentsȱareȱproteinsȱitȱisȱpossibleȱtoȱimmunizeȱanȱanimalȱwithȱforeign proteinsȱisolatedȱfromȱtissues.ȱForȱexample,ȱaȱrabbitȱcouldȱbeȱimmunizedȱwithȱtheȱactinȱandȱtubulin purifiedȱfromȱtissuesȱofȱtheȱchicken,ȱaȱveryȱdistantȱrelativeȱofȱtheȱrabbit.ȱThoseȱantibodiesȱcouldȱbe purifiedȱfromȱtheȱrabbitȇsȱbloodȱandȱthenȱlinkedȱtoȱfluorescentȱtags.ȱWhenȱtheȱcellsȱareȱexposedȱtoȱthe anti-actinȱandȱanti-tubulinȱantibodies,ȱtheyȱwillȱstickȱtoȱthoseȱmoleculesȱinȱtheȱcell.ȱIfȱdifferentȱcolored dyesȱwereȱusedȱtoȱtagȱtheȱantibodies,ȱitȱwouldȱbeȱpossibleȱtoȱlocalizeȱthoseȱcytoskeletalȱproteinsȱinȱthe sameȱcell. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ23 TheȱRespiratoryȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱisȱnotȱpartȱofȱtheȱlowerȱrespiratoryȱsystem? A) oropharynx B) trachea C) larynx D) bronchi E) alveoli Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Airȱenteringȱtheȱbodyȱisȱfiltered,ȱwarmed,ȱandȱhumidifiedȱbyȱthe A) upperȱrespiratoryȱtract. B) lowerȱrespiratoryȱtract. C) lungs. D) alveoli. E) bronchioles. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Largeȱairborneȱparticlesȱareȱfilteredȱby A) choanae. B) theȱsoftȱpalate. C) hairsȱinȱtheȱnasalȱvestibule. D) theȱnasalȱsinuses. E) theȱnasopharynx. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱconchae A) divideȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱintoȱaȱrightȱandȱaȱleftȱside. B) provideȱanȱopeningȱintoȱtheȱpharynx. C) provideȱaȱsurfaceȱforȱtheȱsenseȱofȱsmell. D) createȱturbulenceȱinȱtheȱairȱtoȱtrapȱparticulateȱmatterȱinȱmucus. E) provideȱanȱopeningȱtoȱparanasalȱsinuses. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Functionsȱofȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept A) filteringȱtheȱair. B) warmingȱtheȱair. C) humidifyingȱtheȱair. D) actingȱasȱaȱdampingȱchamberȱwhenȱcoughing. E) actingȱasȱaȱresonatingȱchamberȱinȱspeech. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱopeningsȱtoȱtheȱnostrilsȱareȱthe A) externalȱnares. B) internalȱnares. C) vestibules. D) conchae. E) nasalȱapertures. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱcontainedȱwithinȱtheȱflexibleȱtissuesȱofȱtheȱexternalȱnoseȱisȱthe A) nasopharynx. B) vestibule. C) internalȱchamber. D) conchae. E) nasalȱseptum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱpharynxȱthatȱreceivesȱbothȱairȱandȱfoodȱisȱthe A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) aeropharynx. E) internalȱpharynx. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱcommonȱpassagewayȱsharedȱbyȱtheȱrespiratoryȱandȱdigestiveȱsystemsȱisȱthe A) larynx. B) glottis. C) vestibule. D) pharynx. E) trachea. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱauditoryȱtubesȱopenȱintoȱthe A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) larynx. E) nasalȱcavity. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱpalatineȱtonsilsȱlieȱinȱtheȱwallsȱofȱthe A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) laryngopharynx. D) larynx. E) nasalȱcavity. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱ________ȱisȱlinedȱbyȱstratifiedȱsquamousȱepithelium. A) nasopharynx B) trachea C) oropharynx D) larynx E) nasalȱcavity Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱlarynxȱcontainsȱ________ȱcartilages. A) threeȱunpaired B) sixȱpaired C) aȱtotalȱofȱnine D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) aȱvariableȱnumberȱof Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Componentsȱofȱtheȱupperȱrespiratoryȱsystemȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept the A) lips. B) nose. C) nasalȱcavity. D) pharynx. E) paranasalȱsinuses. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱglottisȱis A) theȱsoftȱtissueȱthatȱhangsȱoffȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱsoftȱpalate. B) aȱflapȱofȱelasticȱcartilage. C) theȱopeningȱtoȱtheȱlarynx. D) theȱopeningȱtoȱtheȱpharynx. E) partȱofȱtheȱhardȱpalate. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱvocalȱfoldsȱareȱlocatedȱwithinȱthe A) nasopharynx. B) oropharynx. C) larynx. D) trachea. E) bronchi. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱelasticȱcartilageȱthatȱcoversȱtheȱopeningȱtoȱtheȱlarynxȱduringȱswallowingȱisȱthe A) thyroidȱcartilage. B) cricoidȱcartilage. C) corniculateȱcartilage. D) cuneiformȱcartilage. E) epiglottis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱlargestȱcartilageȱofȱtheȱlarynxȱisȱtheȱ________ȱcartilage. A) thyroid B) cricoid C) cuneiform D) arytenoid E) epiglottic Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱring-shapedȱcartilageȱjustȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱthyroidȱcartilageȱisȱtheȱ________ȱcartilage. A) epiglottis B) cuneiform C) corniculate D) cricoid E) arytenoid Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱpairedȱcartilagesȱthatȱarticulateȱwithȱtheȱsuperiorȱborderȱofȱtheȱcricoidȱcartilageȱareȱtheȱ________ȱcartilages. A) cricothyroid B) innominate C) cuneiform D) corniculate E) arytenoid Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Aȱcommonȱsiteȱtoȱplaceȱaȱtracheostomyȱtubeȱisȱthroughȱtheȱligamentȱthatȱconnectsȱtheȱcricoidȱcartilageȱtoȱthe ________ȱcartilage. A) thyroid B) cuneiform C) corniculate D) epiglottic E) vestibular Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Theȱplacementȱofȱaȱtubeȱdirectlyȱintoȱtheȱtracheaȱȱtoȱbypassȱtheȱlarynxȱisȱtermedȱa(n) A) intubation. B) tracheostomy. C) tunnelization. D) trachectomy. E) catheterization. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱthyroidȱcartilageȱisȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱcricoidȱcartilageȱbyȱthe A) intrinsicȱligaments. B) extrinsicȱligaments. C) vestibularȱfolds. D) cricothyroidȱligament. E) intrinsicȱlaryngealȱmuscles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱnasalȱcavityȱisȱseparatedȱfromȱtheȱoralȱcavityȱbyȱthe A) hardȱpalate. B) softȱpalate. C) cribriformȱplate. D) internalȱnares. E) pharyngealȱseptum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Aȱpairȱofȱligamentsȱcoveredȱbyȱlaryngealȱepitheliumȱthatȱfunctionȱinȱsoundȱproductionȱareȱthe A) intrinsicȱligaments. B) extrinsicȱligaments. C) ventricularȱfolds. D) vocalȱfolds. E) intrinsicȱlaryngealȱmuscles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Airȱpassingȱthroughȱtheȱglottisȱvibratesȱtheȱvocalȱfoldsȱandȱproduces A) speech. B) articulation. C) phonation. D) whistling. E) ululation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Tensionȱonȱtheȱvocalȱcordsȱisȱregulatedȱbyȱthe A) movementȱofȱtheȱarytenoidȱcartilages. B) extrinsicȱligaments. C) contractionȱofȱlaryngealȱmuscles. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱtracheaȱisȱfalse? A) isȱlinedȱbyȱpseudostratifiedȱciliatedȱcolumnarȱepithelium B) isȱreinforcedȱwithȱC-shapedȱcartilages C) containsȱmanyȱmucousȱglands D) altersȱitsȱdiameterȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱautonomicȱnervousȱsystem E) isȱreinforcedȱwithȱD-shapedȱcartilages Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱairwayȱthatȱconnectsȱtheȱlarynxȱtoȱtheȱbronchialȱtreeȱisȱthe A) trachea. B) bronchiole. C) laryngopharynx. D) alveolarȱduct. E) bronchus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Secondaryȱbronchiȱsupplyȱairȱtoȱthe A) lungs. B) lobesȱofȱtheȱlungs. C) lobulesȱofȱtheȱlungs. D) alveoli. E) alveolarȱducts. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theyȱbranchȱfromȱtheȱtracheaȱatȱtheȱcarina. A) terminalȱbronchioles B) secondaryȱbronchi C) tertiaryȱbronchi D) primaryȱbronchi E) alveolarȱducts Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱsomeȱairways. 1.ȱsecondaryȱbronchus 2.ȱbronchioles 3.ȱalveolarȱducts 4.ȱprimaryȱbronchus 5.ȱrespiratoryȱbronchiole 6.ȱalveoli 7.ȱterminalȱbronchiole Theȱorderȱinȱwhichȱairȱpassesȱthroughȱis A) 4,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6. B) 4,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ7,ȱ3,ȱ6. C) 1,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ5,ȱ7,ȱ3,ȱ6. D) 1,ȱ4,ȱ2,ȱ7,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6. E) 2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ7,ȱ5,ȱ3,ȱ6. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱinterlobularȱseptaȱdivideȱtheȱlungsȱinto A) lobes. B) pulmonaryȱlobules. C) alveolarȱsacs. D) vitalȱcapacityȱandȱresidualȱvolume. E) visceralȱpleuraȱandȱfibrousȱtrabeculae. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱrespiratoryȱepitheliumȱofȱtheȱconductingȱairwaysȱconsistsȱof A) pseudostratifiedȱciliatedȱcolumnarȱepithelium. B) moistȱcuboidalȱepithelium. C) simpleȱsquamousȱepithelium. D) ciliatedȱsquamousȱepithelium. E) surfactantȱcells. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Theȱactualȱsitesȱofȱgasȱexchangeȱwithinȱtheȱlungsȱare A) bronchioles. B) terminalȱbronchioles. C) pleuralȱspaces. D) alveoli. E) interlobularȱsepta. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Theȱrespiratoryȱmembraneȱofȱtheȱgasȱexchangeȱsurfacesȱconsistsȱof A) pseudostratifiedȱciliatedȱcolumnarȱepithelium. B) moistȱcuboidalȱepithelium. C) simpleȱsquamousȱepithelium. D) ciliatedȱsquamousȱepithelium. E) surfactantȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Boyleȇsȱlawȱstatesȱthatȱgasȱvolumeȱis A) directlyȱproportionalȱtoȱpressure. B) directlyȱproportionalȱtoȱtemperature. C) inverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱpressure. D) inverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱtemperature. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱmightȱbeȱrecruitedȱtoȱincreaseȱinspiredȱvolume? A) sternocleidomastoid B) pectoralisȱminor C) scalenes D) serratusȱanterior E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Expiratoryȱmovementsȱareȱproducedȱbyȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱ________ȱmuscle(s). A) scalene B) diaphragm C) internalȱintercostal D) externalȱintercostal E) serratusȱanterior Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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40) Whenȱtheȱdiaphragmȱandȱexternalȱintercostalȱmusclesȱcontract, A) theȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱthoraxȱincreases. B) theȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱthoraxȱdecreases. C) theȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱlungsȱdecreases. D) theȱlungsȱshrink. E) expirationȱoccurs. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱexternalȱintercostal? A) accessoryȱmuscleȱofȱexpiration B) accessoryȱmuscleȱofȱinspiration C) primaryȱmuscleȱofȱinspiration D) contractionȱincreasesȱairwayȱresistance E) affectsȱlungȱcompliance Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Pulmonaryȱventilationȱrefersȱtoȱthe A) movementȱofȱairȱintoȱandȱoutȱofȱtheȱlungs. B) movementȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱfromȱtheȱalveoliȱtoȱtheȱblood. C) movementȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱfromȱtheȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱinterstitialȱspace. D) movementȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱfromȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaceȱtoȱtheȱcells. E) utilizationȱofȱoxygen. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Alveolarȱventilationȱrefersȱtoȱthe A) movementȱofȱairȱintoȱandȱoutȱofȱtheȱlungs. B) movementȱofȱairȱintoȱandȱoutȱofȱtheȱalveoli. C) movementȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱfromȱtheȱalveoliȱtoȱtheȱblood. D) movementȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱfromȱtheȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱalveoli. E) utilizationȱofȱoxygenȱbyȱalveolarȱcellsȱtoȱsupportȱmetabolism. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Theȱfunctionȱofȱpulmonaryȱventilationȱisȱto A) removeȱcarbonȱdioxideȱfromȱtheȱblood. B) supplyȱoxygenȱtoȱtheȱblood. C) maintainȱadequateȱalveolarȱventilation. D) removeȱairȱfromȱdeadȱairȱspace. E) preventȱgasȱexchangeȱinȱtheȱbronchioles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Henryȇsȱlawȱstatesȱthat A) gasȱvolumeȱandȱtemperatureȱareȱdirectlyȱproportional. B) gasȱvolumeȱandȱpressureȱareȱinverselyȱproportional. C) theȱvolumeȱofȱgasȱthatȱwillȱdissolveȱinȱaȱsolventȱisȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱsolubilityȱofȱtheȱgasȱandȱtheȱgas pressure. D) inȱaȱmixtureȱofȱgasesȱsuchȱasȱair,ȱtheȱtotalȱpressureȱisȱtheȱsumȱofȱtheȱindividualȱpartialȱpressuresȱofȱthe gasesȱinȱtheȱmixture. E) gasȱpressureȱisȱinverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱgasȱvolume. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Daltonȇsȱlawȱstatesȱthat A) gasȱvolumeȱandȱtemperatureȱareȱdirectlyȱproportional. B) gasȱvolumeȱandȱpressureȱareȱinverselyȱproportional. C) theȱvolumeȱofȱgasȱthatȱwillȱdissolveȱinȱaȱsolventȱisȱproportionalȱtoȱtheȱsolubilityȱofȱtheȱgasȱandȱtheȱgas pressure. D) inȱaȱmixtureȱofȱgasesȱsuchȱasȱair,ȱtheȱtotalȱpressureȱisȱtheȱsumȱofȱtheȱindividualȱpartialȱpressuresȱofȱthe gasesȱinȱtheȱmixture. E) gasȱpressureȱisȱinverselyȱproportionalȱtoȱgasȱvolume. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱarterialȱbloodȱisȱapproximately A) 40ȱmmȱHg. B) 45ȱmmȱHg. C) 50ȱmmȱHg. D) 70ȱmmȱHg. E) 100ȱmmȱHg. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱvenousȱbloodȱisȱapproximately A) 40ȱmmȱHg. B) 45ȱmmȱHg. C) 50ȱmmȱHg. D) 70ȱmmȱHg. E) 100ȱmmȱHg. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaceȱofȱperipheralȱtissuesȱisȱapproximately A) 40ȱmmȱHg. B) 45ȱmmȱHg. C) 50ȱmmȱHg. D) 70ȱmmȱHg. E) 100ȱmmȱHg. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱinterstitialȱspaceȱofȱperipheralȱtissuesȱisȱapproximately A) 35ȱmmȱHg. B) 45ȱmmȱHg. C) 55ȱmmȱHg. D) 70ȱmmȱHg. E) 100ȱmmȱHg. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱdissolvedȱgasesȱareȱexchangedȱbetweenȱtheȱbloodȱandȱinterstitialȱfluidsȱis A) pulmonaryȱventilation. B) externalȱrespiration. C) internalȱrespiration. D) cellularȱrespiration. E) breathing. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) AtȱaȱPO ȱofȱ70ȱmmȱHgȱandȱnormalȱtemperatureȱandȱpH,ȱhemoglobinȱisȱ________ȱpercentȱsaturatedȱwith 2 oxygen. A) 10 B) 25 C) 50 D) 75 E) moreȱthanȱ90 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Mostȱofȱtheȱoxygenȱtransportedȱbyȱtheȱbloodȱis A) dissolvedȱinȱplasma. B) boundȱtoȱhemoglobin. C) inȱionicȱformȱasȱsoluteȱinȱtheȱplasma. D) boundȱtoȱtheȱsameȱproteinȱasȱcarbonȱdioxide. E) carriedȱbyȱwhiteȱbloodȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Mostȱofȱtheȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱbloodȱisȱtransportedȱas A) soluteȱdissolvedȱinȱtheȱplasma. B) carbaminohemoglobin. C) bicarbonateȱions. D) soluteȱdissolvedȱinȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱredȱbloodȱcells. E) carbonicȱacid. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Theȱmostȱimportantȱchemicalȱregulatorȱofȱrespirationȱis A) oxygen. B) carbonȱdioxide. C) bicarbonateȱion. D) sodiumȱion. E) hemoglobin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Aȱ10ȱpercentȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱlevelȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱbloodȱwill A) decreaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱbreathing. B) increaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱbreathing. C) decreaseȱpulmonaryȱventilation. D) decreaseȱtheȱalveolarȱventilationȱrate. E) decreaseȱtheȱvitalȱcapacity. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Theȱtermȱhypercapniaȱrefersȱto A) theȱcessationȱofȱbreathing. B) elevatedȱP CO 2 . C) elevatedȱP O2 . D) anȱincreaseȱinȱpH. E) laboredȱbreathing. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱnormalȱrateȱandȱdepthȱofȱbreathingȱisȱestablishedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱcenter. A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) inspiratory D) expiratory E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Prolongedȱinspirationsȱcanȱresultȱfromȱstimulatingȱtheȱ________ȱcenter. A) apneustic B) pneumotaxic C) expiratory D) baroreceptor E) chemoreceptor Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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60) Theȱpneumotaxicȱcenterȱofȱtheȱpons A) setsȱtheȱat-restȱrespiratoryȱpattern. B) prolongsȱinspiration. C) modifiesȱtheȱrateȱandȱdepthȱofȱbreathing. D) suppressesȱtheȱexpiratoryȱcenterȱinȱtheȱmedulla. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Higherȱbrainȱcentersȱthatȱalterȱtheȱactivityȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱcentersȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) corticalȱassociationȱareas. B) theȱprecentralȱmotorȱgyrus. C) theȱlimbicȱsystem. D) theȱhypothalamus. E) Brocaȇsȱcenter. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) TheȱHering-Breuerȱreflex A) functionsȱtoȱincreaseȱventilationȱwithȱchangesȱinȱbloodȱpressure. B) altersȱpulmonaryȱventilationȱwhenȱtheȱȱP O2 changes. C) altersȱpulmonaryȱventilationȱwhenȱtheȱP CO 2 changes. D) protectsȱtheȱlungsȱfromȱdamageȱdueȱtoȱoverinflation. E) isȱanȱimportantȱaspectȱofȱnormal,ȱquietȱbreathing. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsystemsȱisȱ(are)ȱresponsibleȱforȱeliminationȱofȱCO 2 asȱwaste? A) urinary B) respiratory C) digestive D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱlarynx,ȱtrachea,ȱbronchi,ȱandȱbronchiolesȱallȱmakeȱupȱthe A) upperȱrespiratoryȱtract. B) lowerȱrespiratoryȱtract. C) internalȱrespiratoryȱtract. D) alveoliȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱtract. E) respiratoryȱmucosa. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Aȱmucosaȱconsistsȱof A) anȱepithelium. B) anȱunderlyingȱlayerȱofȱareolarȱtissue. C) stratifiedȱsquamousȱcells. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Tuberculosisȱresultsȱfromȱanȱinfectionȱbyȱtheȱbacterium A) Clostridiumȱdifficile. B) Staphylococcusȱaureus. C) Mycobacteriumȱtuberculosis. D) Vancomycin-resistantȱstreptococcus. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) ________ȱisȱtheȱmostȱcommonȱlethalȱinheritedȱdiseaseȱaffectingȱindividualsȱofȱNorthernȱEuropeanȱdescent. A) MRSA B) Congestiveȱheartȱfailure C) Cysticȱfibrosis D) Myastheniaȱgravis E) Parkinsonȇsȱdisease Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Theȱrespiratoryȱdefenseȱsystemȱisȱimportantȱbecauseȱit A) helpsȱfilterȱtheȱair. B) helpsȱwarmȱtheȱair. C) keepsȱoutȱdebris. D) keepsȱoutȱpathogens. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) ________ȱgenerallyȱcausesȱaȱrapidȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱrateȱofȱmucusȱproductionȱinȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱandȱparanasal sinuses. A) Exposureȱtoȱnoxiousȱstimuli B) Exposureȱtoȱunpleasantȱstimuli C) Exposureȱtoȱallergens D) Exposureȱtoȱdebrisȱorȱpathogens E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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70) Theȱ________ȱisȱsharedȱbyȱtheȱrespiratoryȱandȱdigestiveȱsystems. A) pharynx B) esophagus C) trachea D) windpipe E) rightȱmainstemȱbronchus Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Theȱlaryngealȱcartilageȱnotȱcomposedȱofȱhyalineȱcartilageȱisȱthe A) arytenoid. B) corniculate. C) cricoid. D) epiglottis. E) thyroid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱnasopharynxȱisȱdividedȱfromȱtheȱrestȱofȱtheȱpharynxȱbyȱthe A) hardȱpalate. B) softȱpalate. C) cribriformȱplate. D) internalȱnares. E) pharyngealȱseptum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Theȱadultȱhumanȱtracheaȱisȱaboutȱ________ȱinȱdiameterȱandȱcontainsȱ________ȱtrachealȱcartilages. A) 1.0ȱcm;ȱ15-20 B) 1.0ȱcm;ȱ10-15 C) 2.5ȱcm;ȱ15-20 D) 2.5ȱcm;ȱ40-50 E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Anȱacuteȱinfectionȱofȱtheȱthroatȱthatȱcanȱleadȱtoȱswellingȱandȱclosureȱofȱtheȱglottisȱandȱcauseȱsuffocationȱis knownȱas A) laryngitis. B) laryngospasm. C) acuteȱepiglottitis. D) strepȱthroat. E) acuteȱpharyngitis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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75) Duringȱaȱchokingȱepisode,ȱmostȱforeignȱobjectsȱareȱlodgedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱbronchusȱdueȱtoȱitsȱlargerȱdiameter andȱsteeperȱangle. A) rightȱprimary B) leftȱprimary C) rightȱsecondary D) leftȱsecondary E) AȱandȱBȱareȱequal Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Theȱrightȱlungȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱtheȱleftȱlungȱisȱtoȱ________. A) threeȱlobes;ȱtwoȱlobes B) twoȱlobes;ȱtwoȱlobes C) twoȱlobes;ȱthreeȱlobes D) threeȱlobes;ȱthreeȱlobes E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱmostȱsuperiorȱportionȱofȱtheȱlungȱisȱtermedȱthe A) base. B) apex. C) cardiacȱnotch. D) hilus. E) epipleurium. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Primaryȱbronchiȱareȱtoȱ________ȱasȱsecondaryȱbronchiȱareȱtoȱ________. A) extrapulmonaryȱbronchi;ȱintrapulmonaryȱbronchi B) lobarȱbronchi;ȱintrapulmonaryȱbronchi C) intrapulmonaryȱbronchi;ȱlobarȱbronchi D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

79) Roughlyȱ________ȱterminalȱbronchiolesȱariseȱfromȱeachȱtertiaryȱbronchus. A) 1500 B) 3000 C) 6500 D) 10,000 E) 100,000 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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80) Collectively,ȱtheȱlayersȱthroughȱwhichȱtheȱrespiratoryȱgasesȱdiffuseȱareȱknownȱasȱthe A) pulmonary-basementȱmembrane. B) alveolar-capillaryȱmembrane. C) pleural-basementȱmembrane. D) macrophages-basementȱmembrane. E) TypeȱIȱepithelium. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Respiratoryȱfunctionȱdeterioratesȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱpneumoniaȱbecauseȱinflammation A) causesȱfluidsȱtoȱleakȱintoȱtheȱalveoli. B) causesȱrespiratoryȱbronchiolesȱtoȱswellȱandȱconstrict. C) increasesȱminuteȱvolume. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Inhalingȱthroughȱtheȱnostrilsȱisȱpreferredȱoverȱtheȱmouthȱbecause A) lessȱresistanceȱtoȱflow. B) itȱcombinesȱolfactionȱwithȱrespiration. C) itȱallowsȱbetterȱconditioningȱofȱtheȱinhaledȱair. D) bacteriaȱwonȇtȱbeȱinhaledȱfromȱtheȱoralȱcavity. E) itȱdriesȱoutȱtheȱmouth. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Theȱresultingȱpainȱandȱinflammationȱwhenȱpleuralȱfluidȱisȱunableȱtoȱpreventȱfrictionȱbetweenȱtheȱopposing pleuralȱsurfacesȱisȱknownȱas A) pleurisy. B) pulmonaryȱhypertension. C) asthma. D) emphysema. E) COPD. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Aȱpulmonaryȱembolismȱcanȱbeȱcausedȱbyȱ________ȱbecomingȱtrappedȱinȱaȱpulmonaryȱartery. A) bloodȱclots B) massesȱofȱfat C) airȱbubbles D) AȱorȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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85) Determinationȱofȱbloodȱgasesȱincludesȱtestingȱanȱarterialȱsampleȱfor A) pH. B) PO2 . C) PCO 2 . D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

86) Theȱunitȱofȱmeasurementȱforȱpressureȱpreferredȱbyȱmanyȱrespiratoryȱtherapistsȱis A) mmȱHg. B) torr. C) cmȱH2 O. D) psi. E) A,ȱB,ȱorȱCȱareȱequallyȱfavored Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Whenȱthereȱisȱnoȱairȱmovement,ȱtheȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱtheȱintrapulmonaryȱandȱatmosphericȱpressureȱisȱthat A) theyȱareȱequal. B) intrapulmonaryȱpressureȱisȱgreaterȱthanȱatmospheric. C) atmosphericȱpressureȱisȱlessȱthanȱintrapulmonary. D) atmosphericȱpressureȱisȱmoreȱthanȱintrapulmonary. E) intrapulmonaryȱpressureȱisȱlessȱthanȱatmospheric. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Theȱtermȱ________ȱdescribesȱtheȱresultȱfromȱanȱinjuryȱthatȱpermitsȱairȱtoȱleakȱintoȱtheȱintrapleuralȱspace. A) pleurisy B) pneumonia C) pneumothorax D) pulmonaryȱedema E) emphysema Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Quietȱbreathingȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱshallowȱbreathingȱisȱtoȱ________. A) eupnea;ȱdiaphragmaticȱbreathing B) eupnea;ȱcostalȱbreathing C) costalȱbreathing;ȱeupnea D) costalȱbreathing;ȱdiaphragmatic E) diaphragmaticȱbreathing;ȱeupnea Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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90) ________ȱinvolvesȱactiveȱinspiratoryȱandȱexpiratoryȱmovementsȱandȱcallsȱonȱaccessoryȱmusclesȱtoȱassistȱwith inhalation,ȱwhileȱexhalationȱinvolvesȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱinternalȱintercostalȱmusclesȱandȱsometimesȱabdominal musclesȱtoo. A) Eupnea B) Forcedȱbreathing C) Costalȱbreathing D) Vitalȱbreathing E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) ________ȱisȱtheȱamountȱofȱairȱthatȱmovesȱintoȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystemȱduringȱaȱsingleȱrespiratoryȱcycle. A) Residualȱvolume B) Expiratoryȱreserveȱvolume C) Inspiratoryȱreserveȱvolume D) Tidalȱvolume E) Inspiratoryȱcapacity Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) ________ȱisȱtheȱamountȱofȱairȱthatȱyouȱcanȱinhaleȱaboveȱtheȱrestingȱtidalȱvolume. A) Residualȱinhaledȱvolume B) Expiratoryȱreserveȱvolume C) Inspiratoryȱreserveȱvolume D) Enhancedȱtidalȱvolume E) Inspiratoryȱcapacity Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Decompressionȱsicknessȱisȱaȱpainfulȱconditionȱthatȱdevelopsȱwhenȱaȱpersonȱisȱexposedȱtoȱaȱsuddenȱdropȱin atmosphericȱpressure.ȱBubblesȱofȱ________ȱgasȱareȱresponsibleȱforȱtheȱproblem. A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) carbonȱdioxide D) helium E) anȱunknown Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) Eachȱ100ȱmlȱofȱbloodȱleavingȱtheȱalveolarȱcapillariesȱcarriesȱawayȱroughlyȱ________ȱmlȱofȱoxygen. A) 10 B) 20 C) 30 D) 50 E) 75 Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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95) Blockageȱofȱpulmonaryȱbloodȱflowȱbyȱaȱclotȱorȱsimilarȱobstructionȱis A) emphysema. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonaryȱembolism. E) pneumothorax. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

96) Theȱconditionȱresultingȱfromȱinadequateȱproductionȱofȱsurfactantȱandȱtheȱresultantȱcollapseȱofȱalveoliȱis A) respiratoryȱdistressȱsyndrome. B) COPD. C) anoxia. D) pulmonaryȱembolism. E) pneumothorax. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Asthmaȱis A) aȱcollapsedȱlung. B) anȱacuteȱconditionȱresultingȱfromȱunusuallyȱsensitive,ȱirritatedȱconductingȱairways. C) anȱobstructiveȱtumor. D) characterizedȱbyȱfluidȱbuildupȱinȱtheȱalveoli. E) causedȱbyȱMycobacteriumȱtuberculosis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱterm bronchiolarȱsmoothȱmuscle? A) accessoryȱmuscleȱofȱexpiration B) accessoryȱmuscleȱofȱinspiration C) primaryȱmuscleȱofȱinspiration D) contractionȱincreasesȱairwayȱresistance E) affectsȱlungȱcompliance Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) TheȱCȱshapeȱofȱtheȱtrachealȱcartilagesȱisȱimportantȱbecause A) largeȱmassesȱofȱfoodȱcanȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱesophagusȱduringȱswallowing. B) largeȱmassesȱofȱairȱcanȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱtrachea. C) itȱfacilitatesȱturningȱofȱtheȱhead. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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100) BoyleȇsȱLawȱofȱGasesȱstatesȱthat A) theȱpressureȱandȱvolumeȱofȱaȱgasȱareȱequal. B) asȱtheȱtemperatureȱgoesȱup,ȱtheȱpressureȱgoesȱup. C) theȱtotalȱgasȱpressureȱisȱequalȱtoȱtheȱsumȱofȱtheȱpartialȱpressures. D) theȱconcentrationȱofȱdissolvedȱgasȱisȱproportionalȱtoȱitsȱpartialȱpressure. E) ifȱtheȱvolumeȱgoesȱup,ȱtheȱpressureȱgoesȱdown. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

101) Underȱquietȱconditions,ȱbloodȱreturningȱtoȱtheȱheartȱretainsȱaboutȱ________ȱofȱitsȱoxygenȱcontentȱwhenȱit leavesȱtheȱlungs.. A) 25ȱpercent B) 50ȱpercent C) 75ȱpercent D) 90ȱpercent E) 100ȱpercent Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

102) Theȱapneusticȱcentersȱofȱtheȱpons A) inhibitȱtheȱpneumotaxicȱandȱinspiratoryȱcenters. B) provideȱcontinuousȱstimulationȱtoȱtheȱinspiratoryȱcenter. C) monitorȱbloodȱgasȱlevels. D) alterȱchemoreceptorȱsensitivity. E) generateȱtheȱgaspȱreflex. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

103) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱprovideȱchemoreceptorȱinputȱtoȱtheȱrespiratoryȱcentersȱofȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongata,ȱ except the A) olfactoryȱepithelium. B) medullaryȱchemoreceptors. C) aorticȱbody. D) carotidȱbody. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

104) Sympatheticȱinputȱtoȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱtissueȱinȱbronchiolesȱcausesȱallȱofȱtheseȱexcept A) bronchoconstriction. B) aȱbiggerȱlumen. C) lessȱairwayȱresistance. D) activationȱofȱbeta-twoȱreceptors. E) relaxation. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) Inȱquietȱbreathing, A) inspirationȱandȱexpirationȱinvolveȱmuscularȱcontractions. B) inspirationȱisȱpassiveȱandȱexpirationȱinvolvesȱmuscularȱcontractions. C) inspirationȱinvolvesȱmuscularȱcontractionsȱandȱexpirationȱisȱpassive. D) inspirationȱandȱexpirationȱareȱbothȱpassive. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱaffectsȱtheȱrateȱofȱexternalȱrespiration,ȱexcept the A) PO2 ȱofȱtheȱalveoli. B) PCO 2 ȱofȱtheȱblood. C) thicknessȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱmembrane. D) diameterȱofȱanȱalveolus. E) solubilityȱofȱoxygenȱinȱplasma. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Externalȱrespirationȱinvolvesȱthe A) movementȱofȱairȱintoȱandȱoutȱofȱtheȱlungs. B) diffusionȱofȱgasesȱbetweenȱtheȱalveoliȱandȱtheȱcirculatingȱblood. C) exchangeȱofȱdissolvedȱgasesȱbetweenȱtheȱbloodȱandȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluid. D) bindingȱofȱoxygenȱbyȱhemoglobin. E) utilizationȱofȱoxygenȱbyȱtissuesȱtoȱsupportȱmetabolism. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) Breathingȱthatȱinvolvesȱactiveȱinspiratoryȱandȱexpiratoryȱmovementsȱisȱcalled A) eupnea. B) hyperpnea. C) diaphragmaticȱbreathing. D) costalȱbreathing. E) shallowȱbreathing. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Ifȱaȱpatientȱbeingȱtestedȱinhalesȱasȱdeeplyȱasȱpossibleȱandȱthenȱexhalesȱasȱmuchȱasȱpossible,ȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱair expelledȱwouldȱbeȱtheȱpatientȇs A) tidalȱvolume. B) inspiratoryȱreserveȱvolume. C) expiratoryȱreserveȱvolume. D) reserveȱvolume. E) vitalȱcapacity. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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110) ________ȱequalsȱtheȱrespiratoryȱrateȱ×ȱ(tidalȱvolumeȱN anatomicȱdeadȱspace). A) Vitalȱcapacity B) Respiratoryȱminuteȱvolume C) Pulmonaryȱventilationȱrate D) Alveolarȱventilationȱrate E) Externalȱrespirationȱrate Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

111) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱfactorsȱwouldȱincrease theȱamountȱofȱoxygenȱdischargedȱbyȱhemoglobinȱtoȱperipheral tissues? A) decreasedȱtemperature B) decreasedȱpH C) increasedȱtissueȱPO2 ȱ D) decreasedȱamountsȱofȱDPG E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Physicalȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱlaminaȱpropriaȱofȱtheȱnasalȱmucosaȱisȱlikelyȱtoȱresultȱin A) epistaxis. B) nasalȱcongestion. C) nosebleeds. D) aȱdeviatedȱseptum. E) AȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱtrueȱaboutȱtheȱpharynx? A) sharedȱbyȱtheȱintegumentaryȱandȱrespiratoryȱsystems B) nasopharynxȱisȱsuperior C) oropharynxȱconnectsȱtoȱoralȱcavity D) laryngopharynxȱendsȱatȱesophagusȱopening E) solids,ȱliquids,ȱandȱgasesȱpassȱthrough Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

114) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱnasalȱmucosa? A) humidifyȱtheȱincomingȱair B) dehumidifyȱtheȱoutgoingȱair C) dehumidifyȱtheȱincomingȱair D) trapȱparticulateȱmatter E) coolȱoutgoingȱair Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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115) Contractionȱofȱtheȱintrinsicȱlaryngealȱmusclesȱcan A) moveȱtheȱarytenoidȱcartilages. B) closeȱtheȱglottis. C) stretchȱtheȱvocalȱfolds. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

116) Duringȱswallowing,ȱthe A) intrinsicȱlaryngealȱmusclesȱcontract. B) extrinsicȱlaryngealȱmusclesȱcontract. C) glottisȱclosesȱandȱtheȱepiglottisȱisȱdepressed. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

117) Whichȱisȱgreater? A) theȱnumberȱofȱlobesȱinȱtheȱrightȱlung B) theȱnumberȱofȱlobesȱinȱtheȱleftȱlung C) NeitherNtheȱnumberȱofȱlobesȱisȱusuallyȱequal. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

118) Airȱmovesȱoutȱofȱtheȱlungsȱwhenȱtheȱpressureȱinsideȱtheȱlungsȱis A) lessȱthanȱtheȱpressureȱinȱtheȱatmosphere. B) greaterȱthanȱtheȱpressureȱinȱtheȱatmosphere. C) equalȱtoȱtheȱpressureȱinȱtheȱatmosphere. D) greaterȱthanȱintraalveolarȱpressure. E) lessȱthanȱintrapulmonicȱpressure. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) DamageȱtoȱtheȱtypeȱIIȱpneumocytesȱofȱtheȱlungsȱwouldȱresultȱin A) aȱlossȱofȱsurfactant. B) anȱincreasedȱrateȱofȱgasȱexchange. C) increasedȱsurfaceȱtensionȱinȱtheȱalveoli D) increasedȱtendencyȱtoȱalveolarȱcollapse. E) A,ȱC,ȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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120) Harryȱsuffersȱfromȱcysticȱfibrosisȱandȱhasȱsevereȱbreathingȱdifficulties.ȱHisȱproblemsȱresultȱfrom A) geneticȱmutationȱinȱaȱmembraneȱchannel. B) laryngospasm. C) thickȱsecretionsȱthatȱareȱdifficultȱtoȱtransport. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

121) Whichȱstatementȱaboutȱtheȱchlorideȱshiftȱisȱfalse? A) involvesȱaȱmovementȱofȱchlorideȱionȱintoȱRBCs B) dependsȱonȱtheȱchloride-bicarbonateȱcountertransporter C) involvesȱaȱmovementȱofȱbicarbonateȱionsȱintoȱtheȱplasma D) isȱdrivenȱbyȱaȱriseȱinȱPCO 2 E) causesȱRBCsȱtoȱswell Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

122) Whichȱrespiratoryȱorganȱhasȱaȱcardiacȱnotch? A) rightȱlung B) leftȱlung C) rightȱprimaryȱbronchus D) leftȱprimaryȱbronchus E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

123) Carbonȱdioxideȱisȱmoreȱsolubleȱinȱwaterȱthanȱoxygen.ȱToȱgetȱtheȱsameȱamountȱofȱoxygenȱtoȱdissolveȱinȱplasma asȱcarbonȱdioxide,ȱyouȱwouldȱhaveȱto A) increaseȱtheȱtemperatureȱofȱtheȱplasma. B) increaseȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygen. C) decreaseȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxide. D) increaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱplasmaȱflowȱthroughȱtheȱlungs. E) eitherȱBȱorȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

124) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱatmosphericȱairȱatȱseaȱlevel B) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱatmosphericȱairȱatȱtheȱtopȱofȱMt.ȱEverest C) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱatmosphericȱairȱisȱconstant Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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125) Increasingȱtheȱalveolarȱventilationȱrateȱwill A) decreaseȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱalveoli. B) decreaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱoxygenȱdiffusionȱfromȱtheȱalveoliȱtoȱtheȱblood. C) increaseȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱtheȱalveoli. D) decreaseȱtheȱrateȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱdiffusionȱfromȱtheȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱalveoli. E) hardlyȱaffectȱeitherȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱorȱdiffusionȱofȱgases. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

126) Forȱmaximumȱloadingȱofȱhemoglobinȱwithȱoxygenȱatȱtheȱlungs,ȱthe A) PCO 2 ȱshouldȱbeȱhigh B) pHȱshouldȱbeȱslightlyȱacidic. C) PO2 ȱshouldȱbeȱaboutȱ70ȱmmȱHg. D) DPGȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱshouldȱbeȱhigh. E) PCO 2 ȱshouldȱbeȱlow. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

127) Carbonicȱanhydrase A) isȱinȱRBCs. B) isȱanȱenzyme. C) canȱincreaseȱtheȱamountȱofȱbicarbonateȱionȱinȱplasma. D) canȱdecreaseȱtheȱamountȱofȱbicarbonateȱionȱinȱplasma. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

128) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱgreater? A) theȱpercentȱofȱoxygenȱsaturationȱofȱhemoglobinȱwhenȱtheȱpHȱisȱ7.6 B) theȱpercentȱofȱoxygenȱsaturationȱofȱhemoglobinȱwhenȱtheȱpHȱisȱ7.2 C) Neitherȱisȱgreater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

129) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱgreater? A) theȱpercentȱofȱoxygenȱsaturationȱofȱhemoglobinȱwhenȱtheȱtemperatureȱisȱ38ȱdegreesȱcentigrade B) theȱpercentȱofȱoxygenȱsaturationȱofȱhemoglobinȱwhenȱtheȱtemperatureȱisȱ43ȱdegreesȱcentigrade C) Neitherȱisȱgreater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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130) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱbeȱgreater? A) hemoglobinȇsȱaffinityȱforȱoxygenȱwhenȱtheȱBPGȱlevelȱisȱhigh B) hemoglobinȇsȱaffinityȱforȱoxygenȱwhenȱtheȱBPGȱlevelȱisȱlow C) Neitherȱisȱgreater. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

131) Stimulationȱofȱtheȱapneusticȱcenterȱwouldȱresultȱin A) increasedȱrespiratoryȱrate. B) moreȱintenseȱinhalation. C) aȱshorterȱrespiratoryȱcycle. D) lessȱactivityȱinȱtheȱDRGȱcenter. E) decreasedȱvitalȱcapacity. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

132) Ifȱtheȱdorsalȱrespiratoryȱgroupȱofȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱmedullaȱoblongataȱwereȱdestroyedȱbilaterally, A) aȱpersonȱwouldȱstopȱbreathing. B) pulmonaryȱventilationȱwouldȱincreaseȱmarkedly. C) theȱrespiratoryȱminuteȱvolumeȱwouldȱincrease. D) tidalȱvolumesȱwouldȱdecrease. E) alveolarȱventilationȱwouldȱincrease. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

133) Theȱpneumotaxicȱcenter A) isȱinȱtheȱpons. B) excitesȱtheȱapneusticȱcenter. C) inhibitsȱtheȱapneusticȱcenter. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

134) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreatest? A) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱvenousȱblood B) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱalveolarȱair C) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱexpiredȱair D) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱinspiredȱair E) theȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱarterialȱblood Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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135) Pneumotaxicȱcentersȱinȱtheȱpons A) inhibitȱtheȱapneusticȱcenters. B) promoteȱpassiveȱorȱactiveȱexhalation. C) receiveȱinputȱfromȱtheȱhypothalamusȱandȱcerebrum. D) modifyȱrespiratoryȱrateȱandȱdepth. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

136) Blockingȱafferentȱactionȱpotentialsȱfromȱtheȱchemoreceptorsȱinȱtheȱcarotidȱandȱaorticȱbodiesȱwouldȱinterfere withȱtheȱbrainȇsȱabilityȱtoȱregulateȱbreathingȱinȱresponseȱto A) changesȱinȱPCO 2 . B) changesȱinȱȱPO2 . C) changesȱinȱpH. D) changesȱinȱbloodȱpressure. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

137) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱpresentȱpriorȱtoȱbirth,ȱexcept thatȱthe A) pulmonaryȱarterialȱresistanceȱisȱhigh. B) pulmonaryȱvesselsȱareȱcollapsed. C) ribȱcageȱisȱcompressed. D) alveoliȱareȱexpanded. E) lungsȱandȱairwaysȱcontainȱonlyȱaȱsmallȱamountȱofȱfluid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

138) Whichȱofȱtheseȱchangesȱdoesȱnotȱoccurȱatȱbirthȱwhenȱanȱinfantȱtakesȱitsȱfirstȱbreaths? A) Bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱlungsȱdecreases. B) Theȱresistanceȱinȱtheȱpulmonaryȱarteriesȱdecreases. C) Changesȱinȱbloodȱflowȱcauseȱtheȱforamenȱovaleȱtoȱclose. D) Airȱentersȱtheȱalveoli. E) Gasȱdiffusesȱacrossȱtheȱalveolar-capillaryȱmembrane. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

139) Whichȱofȱtheseȱage-basedȱchangesȱisȱfalse? A) Theȱlungsȱloseȱelasticȱtissue. B) Theȱlungȇsȱcomplianceȱchanges. C) Vitalȱcapacityȱincreases. D) Respiratoryȱmusclesȱweaken. E) Costalȱcartilagesȱbecomeȱmoreȱflexible. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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140) AsȱanȱastronautȱisȱliftedȱintoȱEarthȇsȱorbit,ȱwhatȱisȱtheȱfirstȱchangeȱtoȱtakeȱplaceȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱdropȱinȱcabin pressure? A) increasedȱhematocrit B) renalȱhypoxia C) increasedȱalveolarȱventilationȱrate D) decreasedȱȱalveolarȱPO2 E) decreasedȱȱhemoglobinȱsaturation Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

141) Severingȱtheȱsensoryȱfibersȱfromȱtheȱlungsȱwouldȱresultȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) lessȱinhibitionȱofȱtheȱinspiratoryȱcenterȱduringȱforcedȱbreathing. B) aȱdropȱinȱtidalȱvolume. C) potentialȱdamageȱtoȱtheȱlungsȱdueȱtoȱoverinflation. D) aȱdisappearanceȱofȱtheȱHering-Breuerȱreflexes. E) lessȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱexpiratoryȱcenterȱduringȱforcedȱbreathing. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

142) LowȱpHȱaltersȱhemoglobinȱstructureȱsoȱthatȱoxygenȱbindsȱlessȱstronglyȱtoȱhemoglobinȱatȱlowȱP O2 .ȱȱȱThis increasesȱtheȱeffectivenessȱof A) externalȱrespiration. B) internalȱrespiration. C) carbonȱdioxideȱtransport. D) hemoglobinȱsynthesis. E) acid-baseȱbalance. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

143) Tinaȱisȱsingingȱaȱsong.ȱAtȱaȱcertainȱpointȱinȱtheȱsongȱsheȱforcesȱaȱlargeȱvolumeȱofȱairȱoutȱofȱtheȱglottisȱandȱatȱthe sameȱtimeȱincreasesȱtheȱtensionȱonȱherȱvocalȱcords.ȱTheȱsoundȱthatȱsheȱproducesȱis A) lowȱpitchedȱandȱloud. B) highȱpitchedȱandȱloud. C) lowȱpitchedȱandȱsoft. D) highȱpitchedȱandȱsoft. E) mediumȱpitchedȱandȱsoft. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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144) Aȱpatientȱwithȱaȱconnectiveȱtissueȱdiseaseȱexperiencesȱincreasedȱpulmonaryȱvascularȱresistance.ȱOverȱaȱperiod ofȱtimeȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱobserve A) increasedȱcardiacȱoutputȱfromȱtheȱrightȱventricle. B) increasedȱcardiacȱoutputȱfromȱtheȱleftȱventricle. C) increasedȱthicknessȱofȱtheȱrightȱventricularȱwall. D) distensionȱofȱtheȱpulmonaryȱveinsȱfromȱtheȱrightȱlung. E) noȱappreciableȱchangesȱinȱheartȱstructureȱorȱfunction. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

145) Whileȱplayingȱinȱanȱintramuralȱfootballȱgame,ȱJoeȱisȱtackledȱsoȱhardȱthatȱheȱbreaksȱaȱrib.ȱHeȱcanȱactuallyȱfeelȱa pieceȱofȱtheȱribȱstickingȱthroughȱtheȱskinȱandȱheȱisȱhavingȱaȱdifficultȱtimeȱbreathing.ȱJoeȱprobablyȱisȱsuffering from A) aȱcollapsedȱtrachea. B) anȱobstructionȱinȱtheȱbronchi. C) aȱpneumothorax. D) decreasedȱsurfactantȱproduction. E) aȱbruisedȱdiaphragm. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

146) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcanȱbeȱcalculatedȱifȱtheȱtidalȱvolumeȱandȱrespiratoryȱrateȱareȱknown? A) minuteȱvolume B) inspiratoryȱreserveȱvolume C) expiratoryȱreserveȱvolume D) anatomicalȱdeadȱspace E) forcedȱvitalȱcapacity Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

147) Damageȱtoȱtheȱphrenicȱnervesȱwould A) increaseȱrespiratoryȱrate. B) increaseȱtheȱtidalȱvolume. C) forceȱrelianceȱonȱcostalȱbreathing. D) resultȱinȱgreaterȱpressureȱdifferencesȱbetweenȱtheȱlungsȱandȱtheȱoutsideȱair. E) haveȱlittleȱeffectȱonȱventilation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

148) Inȱemphysema,ȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱoccur? A) alveoliȱcollapse B) complianceȱincreases C) elevatedȱPCO 2 ȱinȱtheȱblood D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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149) Theȱobstructiveȱlungȱdiseaseȱinȱwhichȱelasticȱfibersȱareȱlost,ȱleadingȱtoȱcollapseȱofȱalveoliȱand bronchioles,ȱisȱcalled A) asthma. B) bronchitis. C) emphysema. D) tuberculosis. E) pneumonia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

Figureȱ23- 1ȱTheȱUpperȱAirways UseȱFigureȱ23- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 150) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8Ȉ? A) forcesȱairȱintoȱtheȱlungs B) causesȱairȱtoȱswirlȱwithinȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassageway C) preventsȱfoodȱfromȱenteringȱtheȱlarynx D) actsȱlikeȱaȱsupplementaryȱairȱpump E) preventsȱfoodȱfromȱenteringȱtheȱpharynx Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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151) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) internalȱnares B) esophagus C) glottis D) oropharynx E) laryngopharynx Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

152) Whichȱstructureȱvibratesȱtoȱproduceȱsound? A) 5 B) 8 C) 10 D) 11 E) 19 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

153) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ12Ȉ? A) causeȱairȱtoȱswirlȱwithinȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassageway B) improveȱwarmingȱofȱincomingȱair C) createȱnarrowȱpassages D) helpȱolfaction E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

154) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) olfactoryȱorgan B) oropharynx C) nasopharynx D) internalȱnares E) nasalȱsinus Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ23- 2ȱMechanicsȱofȱVentilation UseȱFigureȱ23- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 155) Whichȱmuscle(s)ȱproduce(s)ȱtheȱmovementȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉ? A) rectusȱabdominis B) internalȱintercostals C) externalȱintercostals D) diaphragm E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

156) WhatȱisȱtheȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱtheȱpressuresȱatȱlabelȱȈ3Ȉ? A) Pȱoutsideȱ=ȱPȱinside B) Pȱoutsideȱ>ȱPȱinside C) Pȱoutsideȱ<ȱPȱinside D) Pȱoutsideȱ+ȱPȱinside E) Pȱoutsideȱ-ȱPȱinside Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

157) WhatȱpressureȱwillȱbeȱpresentȱinȱtheȱspaceȱlabeledȱȈ4Ȉ? A) alveolarȱpressure B) interpleuralȱpressure C) subalveolarȱpressure D) subatmosphericȱpressure E) atmosphericȱpressure Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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158) WhatȱisȱtheȱrelationshipȱbetweenȱtheȱpressuresȱatȱlabelȱȈ8Ȉ? A) Pȱoutsideȱ=ȱPȱinside B) Pȱoutsideȱ>ȱPȱinside C) Pȱoutsideȱ<ȱPȱinside D) Pȱoutsideȱ+ȱPȱinside E) Pȱoutsideȱ-ȱPȱinside Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

159) Whichȱmuscle(s)ȱcontract(s)ȱtoȱcauseȱtheȱmovementȱindicatedȱbyȱtheȱarrowsȱȱlabeledȱȈ6ȈȱandȱȈ7Ȉ? A) rectusȱabdominis B) internalȱintercostals C) externalȱintercostals D) diaphragm E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Gasȱexchangeȱbetweenȱairȱandȱcirculatingȱbloodȱtakesȱplaceȱwithinȱ________. Answer: alveoli Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱentireȱarrayȱofȱprotectiveȱmechanismsȱinȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystemȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: respiratoryȱdefenseȱsystem Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱbeatingȱofȱtheȱciliaȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱpassagesȱinȱtheȱdirectionȱofȱtheȱpharynxȱformsȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: mucusȱescalator Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Whenȱtheȱinspiratoryȱmusclesȱrelax,ȱtheȱribȱcageȱreturnsȱtoȱitsȱoriginalȱpositionȱasȱaȱresultȱofȱ________. Answer: elasticȱrebound Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱ________ȱofȱtheȱlungsȱisȱanȱindicationȱofȱtheirȱexpandability,ȱhowȱeasilyȱtheȱlungsȱexpandȱandȱcontract. Answer: compliance Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Inȱtheȱconditionȱknownȱasȱ________ȱtheȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱoxygenȱinȱtheȱtissuesȱisȱlow. Answer: hypoxia Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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7) Movingȱairȱtoȱandȱfromȱexchangeȱsurfacesȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: ventilation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱtechnicalȱtermȱforȱquietȱbreathingȱisȱ________. Answer: eupnea Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Useȱofȱtheȱaccessoryȱrespiratoryȱmusclesȱisȱcharacteristicȱofȱforcedȱbreathingȱorȱ________ȱ. Answer: hyperpnea Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Ventilationȱperformedȱbyȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱexternalȱintercostalsȱmuscleȱisȱknownȱasȱ________ȱbreathing. Answer: costal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Theȱ________ȱextendsȱfromȱtheȱsixthȱcervicalȱvertebraȱtoȱtheȱfifthȱthoracicȱvertebra. Answer: trachea Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) TheȱmovementȱofȱchlorideȱionsȱintoȱtheȱRBCsȱinȱexchangeȱforȱbicarbonateȱionsȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: chlorideȱshift Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

13) Internalȱrespirationȱrefersȱtoȱexchangeȱofȱoxygenȱandȱcarbonȱdioxideȱbetweenȱtheȱ________ȱandȱtheȱ________. Answer: blood;ȱtissues Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

14) Theȱtechniqueȱofȱ________ȱprovidesȱairȱtoȱaȱpersonȱwhoȱhasȱstoppedȱbreathing. Answer: artificialȱrespiration Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱnormalȱrespiratoryȱrateȱofȱaȱrestingȱadultȱrangesȱfromȱ________ȱbreathsȱeachȱminute,ȱorȱroughlyȱoneȱfor everyȱfourȱheartbeats. Answer: 12ȱtoȱ18 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

16) Theȱvolumeȱofȱairȱmovedȱinȱaȱsingleȱrespiratoryȱcycleȱisȱtermedȱ________. Answer: tidalȱvolume Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Theȱvolumeȱofȱairȱthatȱcanȱbeȱforcefullyȱexpelledȱfromȱtheȱlungsȱfollowingȱaȱnormalȱexhalationȱisȱtermed expiratoryȱreserveȱvolume. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Soundȱproductionȱatȱtheȱlarynxȱisȱcalledȱphonation. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱvolumeȱofȱairȱthatȱremainsȱinȱtheȱlungsȱafterȱaȱforcedȱexpirationȱisȱtermedȱresidualȱvolume. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Pneumothoraxȱoccursȱwhenȱatmosphericȱgasȱentersȱtheȱintrapleuralȱspace. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Aȱnewbornȱinfantȱisȱfoundȱdead,ȱabandonedȱbyȱtheȱroad.ȱAmongȱtheȱmanyȱquestionsȱthatȱtheȱpoliceȱwouldȱlike answeredȱisȱwhetherȱtheȱinfantȱwasȱstillborn.ȱHowȱcouldȱtheȱmedicalȱexaminerȱtell? Answer: Ifȱtheȱinfantȱhadȱbeenȱbornȱalive,ȱitsȱfirstȱbreathsȱwouldȱinflateȱtheȱalveoliȱfromȱtheȱdenseȱcondition duringȱfetalȱdevelopment.ȱThus,ȱtheȱmedicalȱexaminerȱwouldȱfocusȱonȱtheȱlungs.ȱIfȱtheyȱareȱspongy, filledȱwithȱair,ȱitȱwasȱaȱliveȱbirth.ȱIfȱnot,ȱtheȱinfantȱwasȱstillborn.ȱAȱsimpleȱtestȱisȱtoȱplaceȱtheȱlungsȱin water.ȱIfȱtheyȱfloat,ȱtheyȱareȱair-filled. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Ralphȱisȱtakingȱscubaȱdivingȱclasses,ȱandȱisȱwarnedȱnotȱtoȱholdȱhisȱbreathȱwhenȱascendingȱfromȱdepthȱbutȱto continuouslyȱreleaseȱairȱfromȱhisȱmouth.ȱWhatȱisȱtheȱbasisȱofȱthisȱinstructionȱandȱwhatȱisȱtheȱriskȱifȱitȱis ignored? Answer: Whenȱbreathingȱunderwaterȱwithȱscubaȱequipment,ȱgasȱisȱsuppliedȱbyȱtheȱtankȱatȱhigherȱthan atmosphericȱpressureȱtoȱovercomeȱtheȱextraȱpressureȱimposedȱbyȱtheȱoverlyingȱwater.ȱAccordingȱto BoyleȇsȱLaw,ȱduringȱascentȱwhenȱtheȱpressureȱfalls,ȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱgasȱcontainedȱinȱtheȱlungsȱwill expand.ȱIfȱnotȱpermittedȱtoȱescapeȱthroughȱtheȱmouth,ȱitȱwillȱdamageȱtheȱlung,ȱsendingȱairȱintoȱthe bloodstream.ȱAȱmassiveȱairȱembolismȱinȱtheȱpulmonaryȱarteriesȱcouldȱbeȱsuddenlyȱfatal. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Whatȱareȱtheȱprimaryȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystem? Answer: (1)ȱProvideȱanȱextensiveȱareaȱforȱgasȱexchangeȱbetweenȱinhaledȱairȱandȱtheȱcirculation;ȱ(2)ȱmoveȱairȱto andȱfromȱtheȱexchangeȱsurfacesȱofȱtheȱlungs;ȱ(3)ȱprotectȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsurfacesȱfromȱdehydration, temperatureȱchanges,ȱandȱotherȱenvironmentalȱvariationsȱandȱdefendȱtheȱrespiratoryȱsystemȱandȱother tissuesȱfromȱinvasionȱbyȱpathogens;ȱ(4)ȱproduceȱsoundsȱinvolvedȱinȱspeaking,ȱsinging,ȱorȱnonverbal auditoryȱcommunication;ȱ(5)ȱdirectȱincomingȱairȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱinȱsupportȱofȱolfaction;ȱ(6) indirectlyȱcontributeȱtoȱregulationȱofȱbloodȱvolume,ȱbloodȱpressure,ȱandȱȱpH. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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4) Whatȱisȱhypercapnia?ȱHowȱdoesȱitȱaffectȱrespiration?ȱWhatȱareȱcommonȱcauses? Answer: Hypercapniaȱrefersȱtoȱaȱconditionȱofȱelevatedȱpartialȱpressureȱofȱcarbonȱdioxide.ȱThisȱriseȱisȱdetectedȱby chemoreceptorsȱinȱtheȱaorticȱandȱcarotidȱbodiesȱandȱpowerfullyȱstimulatesȱventilationȱthroughȱeffectsȱon pontineȱnuclei.ȱHypercapniaȱresultsȱfromȱincreasedȱproductionȱasȱduringȱexerciseȱorȱreduced eliminationȱasȱinȱreducedȱalveolarȱventilation. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ24 TheȱDigestiveȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱisȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract,ȱ except the A) stomach. B) pharynx. C) esophagus. D) bladder. E) colon. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱanȱaccessoryȱorganȱofȱdigestion? A) appendix B) pancreas C) spleen D) colon E) esophagus Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Digestionȱrefersȱtoȱthe A) progressiveȱdehydrationȱofȱindigestibleȱresidue. B) mechanicalȱbreakdownȱofȱfood. C) chemicalȱbreakdownȱofȱfood. D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystem? A) mechanicalȱprocessing B) absorption C) compaction D) ingestion E) filtration Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱlaminaȱpropriaȱandȱmucousȱepitheliumȱareȱcomponentsȱofȱthe A) serosa. B) adventitia. C) muscularisȱmucosa. D) mucosa. E) submucosa. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱmyentericȱplexus? A) componentȱofȱmucosa B) sensoryȱneuralȱnetwork C) secretesȱaȱwateryȱfluid D) coordinatesȱactivityȱofȱmuscularisȱexterna E) looseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱlayerȱcontainingȱbloodȱvessels Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Contractionȱofȱtheȱ________ȱaltersȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱintestinalȱlumenȱandȱmovesȱepithelialȱpleatsȱandȱfolds. A) mucosa B) submucosa C) submucosalȱplexus D) muscularisȱmucosa E) adventitia Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱ________ȱareȱdoubleȱsheetsȱofȱperitonealȱmembraneȱthatȱsuspendȱtheȱvisceralȱorgansȱandȱcarryȱnerves, lymphatics,ȱandȱbloodȱvessels. A) serosa B) adventitia C) mesenteries D) fibrosa E) laminaȱpropria Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Sensoryȱnerveȱcells,ȱparasympatheticȱganglia,ȱandȱsympatheticȱpostganglionicȱfibersȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱthe A) mucosa. B) serosa. C) adventitia. D) submucosalȱplexus. E) laminaȱpropria. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Sandwichedȱbetweenȱtheȱlayerȱofȱcircularȱandȱlongitudinalȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱmuscularisȱexternaȱisȱthe A) mucosa. B) submucosa. C) muscularisȱmucosa. D) myentericȱplexus. E) submucosalȱplexus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Largeȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱlymphaticsȱareȱfoundȱinȱthe A) mucosa. B) submucosa. C) muscularis. D) adventitia. E) serosa. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱlayerȱofȱlooseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱdirectlyȱsupportsȱtheȱdigestiveȱepitheliumȱisȱthe A) laminaȱpropria. B) muscularisȱmucosae. C) submucosa. D) submucosalȱplexus. E) myentericȱplexus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱstratifiedȱsquamousȱepithelialȱliningȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱinȱthe A) analȱcanal. B) esophagus. C) stomach. D) oropharynx. E) oralȱcavity. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Aȱfeatureȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱepitheliumȱthatȱassistsȱexpansionȱofȱtheȱorganȱisȱtheȱpresenceȱof A) transitionalȱcells. B) plicae. C) elasticȱcells. D) rugae. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱsubmucosalȱplexus? A) componentȱofȱmucosa B) sensoryȱneuralȱnetwork C) secretesȱaȱwateryȱfluid D) coordinatesȱactivityȱofȱmuscularisȱexterna E) looseȱconnectiveȱtissueȱlayerȱcontainingȱbloodȱvessels Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Wavesȱofȱmuscularȱcontractionsȱthatȱpropelȱtheȱcontentsȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱareȱcalled A) segmentation. B) pendularȱmovements. C) peristalsis. D) churningȱmovements. E) mastication. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Powerfulȱperistalticȱcontractionsȱthatȱoccurȱaȱfewȱtimesȱeachȱdayȱinȱtheȱcolonȱareȱcalled A) segmentation. B) pendularȱmovements. C) haustralȱchurning. D) defecation. E) massȱmovements. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱactivitiesȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystemȱareȱregulatedȱby A) hormones. B) parasympatheticȱandȱsympatheticȱneurons. C) theȱcontentsȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract. D) intrinsicȱnerveȱplexuses. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱoralȱcavityȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) analysisȱofȱmaterialȱbeforeȱswallowing. B) mechanicalȱprocessingȱofȱfood. C) lubrication. D) absorptionȱofȱmonosaccharides. E) digestionȱofȱcarbohydrates. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) ________ȱpair(s)ȱofȱsalivaryȱglandsȱsecreteȱintoȱtheȱoralȱcavity. A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) SixȱtoȱTen Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Theȱ________ȱglandȱemptiesȱintoȱtheȱoralȱcavityȱatȱtheȱlevelȱofȱtheȱsecondȱupperȱmolar. A) submaxillary B) submandibular C) parotid D) sublingual E) vestibular Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱstructureȱthatȱhelpsȱpreventȱfoodȱfromȱenteringȱtheȱpharynxȱprematurelyȱisȱthe A) uvula. B) pharyngealȱarch. C) palatoglossalȱarch. D) palatopharyngealȱarch. E) epiglottis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Functionsȱofȱtheȱtongueȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) mechanicalȱprocessingȱofȱfood. B) manipulationȱofȱfood. C) sensoryȱanalysisȱofȱfood. D) aidingȱinȱspeech. E) partitioningȱtheȱoropharynxȱfromȱtheȱnasopharynx. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱbulkȱofȱeachȱtoothȱconsistsȱofȱaȱmineralizedȱmatrixȱsimilarȱtoȱthatȱofȱboneȱcalled A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) periodontium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱchamberȱwithinȱaȱtoothȱthatȱcontainsȱbloodȱvesselsȱandȱnervesȱisȱthe A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) pulpȱcavity. E) periodontium. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱrootȱofȱaȱtoothȱisȱcoveredȱby A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) theȱrootȱcanal. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱcrownȱofȱaȱtoothȱisȱcoveredȱby A) enamel. B) cementum. C) dentin. D) pulp. E) periodontium. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Duringȱdeglutition, A) theȱsoftȱpalateȱelevates. B) theȱlarynxȱelevatesȱandȱtheȱepiglottisȱcloses. C) theȱlowerȱesophagealȱsphincterȱopens. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱfalseȱaboutȱsecretionsȱfromȱtheȱsalivaryȱglands? A) areȱmostlyȱwater B) helpȱcontrolȱbacterialȱpopulationsȱinȱtheȱmouth C) helpȱlubricateȱtheȱoralȱcavityȱandȱitsȱcontents D) containȱenzymesȱforȱtheȱdigestionȱofȱpolysaccharides E) containȱenzymesȱforȱtheȱdigestionȱofȱdisaccharides Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱroofȱofȱtheȱoralȱcavityȱisȱformedȱbyȱthe A) vestibule. B) hardȱpalate. C) softȱpalate. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱcheeksȱorȱlipsȱandȱtheȱteethȱisȱcalledȱthe A) pharynx. B) larynx. C) fauces. D) vestibule. E) dipȱsulcus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱridgeȱofȱoralȱmucosaȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱbaseȱofȱaȱtoothȱisȱthe A) vestibule. B) gingiva. C) alveolus. D) uvula. E) faux. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱconnectionȱofȱtheȱanteriorȱportionȱofȱtheȱtongueȱtoȱtheȱunderlyingȱepitheliumȱisȱthe A) uvula. B) faux. C) lingualȱfrenulum. D) labialȱfrenulum. E) glossalȱseptum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱuvulaȱisȱlocatedȱatȱthe A) posteriorȱofȱtheȱtongue. B) marginȱofȱtheȱvestibule. C) baseȱofȱaȱtooth. D) posteriorȱmarginȱofȱtheȱsoftȱpalate. E) marginȱofȱtheȱoropharynxȱandȱtheȱlaryngopharynx. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) ________ȱareȱblade-shapedȱteethȱthatȱfunctionȱinȱcuttingȱorȱclipping. A) Canines B) Bicuspids C) Cuspids D) Incisors E) Molars Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) ________ȱareȱpointedȱteethȱthatȱareȱadaptedȱforȱtearingȱandȱslashing. A) Incisors B) Bicuspids C) Premolars D) Cuspids E) Molars Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) ________ȱareȱteethȱwithȱflattenedȱcrownsȱandȱprominentȱridgesȱthatȱareȱadaptedȱforȱcrushingȱandȱgrinding. A) Molars B) Cuspids C) Eyeȱteeth D) Canines E) Dentins Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱesophagusȱhasȱseveralȱvariationsȱfromȱtheȱstandardȱplanȱofȱtheȱgutȱtube.ȱTheseȱinclude A) epitheliumȱofȱmucosaȱisȱstratifiedȱsquamous. B) epitheliumȱofȱmucosaȱisȱsimpleȱcolumnar. C) muscularisȱexternaȱmayȱbeȱstriatedȱmuscle. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Functionsȱofȱtheȱstomachȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) storageȱofȱingestedȱfood. B) denaturationȱofȱproteins. C) initiationȱofȱproteinȱdigestion. D) absorptionȱofȱtriglycerides. E) mechanicalȱbreakdownȱofȱfood. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Parietalȱcellsȱsecrete A) pepsinogen. B) gastrin. C) mucus. D) hydrochloricȱacid. E) enteropeptidase. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Chiefȱcellsȱsecrete A) pepsinogen. B) gastrin. C) mucus. D) hydrochloricȱacid. E) intrinsicȱfactor. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Gȱcellsȱofȱtheȱstomachȱsecrete A) cholecystokinin. B) secretin. C) gastrin. D) enteropeptidase. E) pepsin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Whichȱregionȱofȱtheȱstomachȱdoesȱtheȱesophagusȱconnectȱto? A) fundus B) cardia C) body D) antrum E) pylorus Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱstomachȱthatȱisȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱjunctionȱbetweenȱtheȱstomachȱandȱtheȱesophagusȱisȱthe A) cardia. B) pylorus. C) fundus. D) antrum. E) body. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱstomachȱthatȱfunctionsȱasȱaȱmixingȱchamberȱforȱfoodȱandȱsecretionsȱisȱthe A) body. B) antrum. C) pylorus. D) cardia. E) fundus. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱstomachȱthatȱemptiesȱintoȱtheȱduodenumȱisȱthe A) antrum. B) fundus. C) body. D) cardia. E) pylorus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱprominentȱridgesȱinȱtheȱliningȱofȱtheȱemptyȱstomachȱareȱcalled A) cardia. B) papillae. C) rugae. D) plicae. E) villi. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱgreaterȱomentumȱis A) theȱentranceȱtoȱtheȱstomach. B) attachedȱtoȱtheȱstomachȱatȱtheȱlesserȱcurvature. C) importantȱinȱtheȱdigestionȱofȱfats. D) aȱfattyȱsheetȱthatȱhangsȱlikeȱanȱapronȱoverȱtheȱabdominalȱviscera. E) aȱsheetȱofȱmesenteryȱthatȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱliver. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Gastricȱpitsȱare A) ridgesȱinȱtheȱbodyȱofȱtheȱstomach. B) involvedȱinȱabsorptionȱofȱliquidsȱfromȱtheȱstomach. C) openingsȱintoȱgastricȱglands. D) acidȱscarsȱinȱtheȱesophagus. E) hollowsȱwhereȱproteinsȱareȱstored. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱenzymeȱpepsinȱdigests A) carbohydrates. B) proteins. C) lipids. D) nucleicȱacids. E) vitamins. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Anȱenzymeȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱgastricȱmucosaȱofȱaȱnewbornȱthatȱcoagulatesȱmilkȱproteinsȱis A) pepsin. B) trypsin. C) gastrin. D) rennin. E) cholecystokinin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Lacteals A) increaseȱtheȱsurfaceȱareaȱofȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. B) carryȱabsorbedȱfatsȱtoȱtheȱlymphaticȱsystem. C) produceȱnewȱcellsȱforȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. D) secreteȱdigestiveȱenzymes. E) produceȱmilk. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Plicaeȱandȱintestinalȱvilli A) increaseȱtheȱsurfaceȱareaȱofȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. B) carryȱproductsȱofȱdigestionȱthatȱwillȱnotȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱwallsȱofȱbloodȱcapillaries. C) produceȱnewȱcellsȱforȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. D) secreteȱdigestiveȱenzymes. E) produceȱhormones. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Submucosalȱglandsȱthatȱsecreteȱmucusȱareȱcharacteristicȱofȱthe A) duodenum. B) jejunum. C) ileum. D) pancreas. E) liver. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Theȱduodenalȱampullaȱreceivesȱsecretionsȱfromȱthe A) duodenumȱandȱtheȱjejunum. B) duodenumȱandȱtheȱpylorus. C) commonȱbileȱductȱandȱtheȱpancreaticȱduct. D) duodenumȱandȱtheȱpancreaticȱduct. E) duodenumȱandȱtheȱbileȱduct. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Theȱvilliȱareȱmostȱdevelopedȱinȱthe A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) gallȱbladder. E) cecum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Peyerȱpatchesȱareȱcharacteristicȱofȱthe A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) ileum. E) colon. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Whichȱofȱtheseȱenhanceȱtheȱabsorptiveȱeffectivenessȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine? A) theȱplicaeȱcirculares B) theȱvilli C) theȱmicrovilli D) intestinalȱmovements E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Brunnerȱglandsȱareȱcharacteristicȱofȱthe A) stomach. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) ileum. E) colon. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱpylorusȱemptiesȱintoȱthe A) ileum. B) colon. C) cecum. D) jejunum. E) duodenum. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) Theȱmiddleȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱisȱthe A) ileum. B) duodenum. C) jejunum. D) pylorus. E) cecum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱthatȱattachesȱtoȱtheȱcecumȱisȱthe A) haustrum. B) appendix. C) ileum. D) duodenum. E) jejunum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Plicaeȱcircularesȱare A) ridgesȱinȱtheȱwallȱofȱtheȱstomach. B) circumferentialȱfoldsȱinȱtheȱmucosaȱandȱsubmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. C) fingerlikeȱprojectionsȱonȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. D) sacculationsȱinȱtheȱcolon. E) abnormalȱstructuresȱformedȱbyȱexcessiveȱpressureȱinȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Anȱintestinalȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱmucusȱsecretionȱbyȱtheȱsubmucosalȱduodenalȱglandsȱis A) secretin. B) cholecystokinin. C) enterocrinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱintestinalȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱtheȱpancreasȱtoȱreleaseȱaȱwatery,ȱbicarbonate -richȱfluidȱis A) enterocrinin. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Anȱintestinalȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱtheȱgallbladderȱtoȱreleaseȱbileȱis A) enteropeptidase. B) secretin. C) cholecystokinin. D) GIP. E) gastrin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Anȱintestinalȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱinsulinȱfromȱtheȱpancreaticȱisletȱcellsȱis A) enterocrinin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) gastricȱinhibitoryȱpeptideȱ(GIP). Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Anȱintestinalȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱgastricȱsecretionȱis A) secretin. B) cholecystokinin. C) enteropeptidase. D) gastrin. E) gastricȱinhibitoryȱpeptideȱ(GIP). Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱgastrin? A) whereȱpancreaticȱjuiceȱandȱbileȱenterȱduodenum B) carriesȱabsorbedȱsugarsȱandȱaminoȱacids C) stimulatesȱpancreasȱtoȱsecreteȱbicarbonate-richȱfluid D) causesȱgallȱbladderȱtoȱcontract E) stimulatesȱgastricȱsecretion Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Theȱhumanȱliverȱisȱcomposedȱofȱ________ȱlobe(s). A) one B) two C) three D) four E) twoȱlarge,ȱfourȱsmall Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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71) Theȱfusionȱofȱtheȱhepaticȱductȱandȱtheȱcysticȱductȱformsȱthe A) hepaticȱportalȱvein. B) portaȱhepatis. C) commonȱbileȱduct. D) commonȱpancreaticȱduct. E) bileȱcanaliculus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Inȱtheȱcenterȱofȱaȱliverȱlobuleȱthereȱisȱa A) hepaticȱduct. B) portalȱarea. C) sinusoid. D) centralȱvein. E) portalȱvein. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Theȱexocrineȱportionȱofȱtheȱpancreasȱisȱcomposedȱof A) isletsȱofȱLangerhans. B) pancreaticȱcrypts. C) pancreaticȱacini. D) pancreaticȱlobules. E) triads. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

74) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱliver,ȱexceptȱ A) synthesisȱandȱsecretionȱofȱbile. B) antibodyȱproduction. C) synthesisȱofȱplasmaȱproteins. D) inactivationȱofȱtoxins. E) storageȱofȱglycogenȱandȱironȱreserves. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Theȱbasicȱfunctionalȱunitȱofȱtheȱliverȱisȱthe A) hepatocyte. B) Kupfferȱcell. C) lobule. D) portalȱarea. E) bileȱcanaliculus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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76) ________ȱareȱarrangedȱwithinȱaȱlobuleȱofȱtheȱliverȱintoȱaȱseriesȱofȱplatesȱconvergingȱtowardȱaȱcentralȱvein. A) Kupfferȱcells B) Hepatocytes C) Bileȱcanaliculi D) Portalȱareas E) Hepaticȱducts Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) TheȱKupfferȱcellsȱofȱtheȱliver A) destroyȱRBCs. B) destroyȱbacteria. C) presentȱantigens. D) areȱphagocytic. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Theȱpancreasȱproduces A) lipasesȱandȱamylase. B) nucleases. C) peptidasesȱandȱproteinases. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Theȱpancreasȱproducesȱ________-digestingȱenzymesȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱproenzymes. A) carbohydrate B) protein C) sugar D) lipid E) nucleicȱacid Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

80) Theȱstructureȱthatȱmarksȱtheȱdivisionȱbetweenȱtheȱrightȱandȱleftȱlobesȱofȱtheȱliverȱisȱthe A) lesserȱomentum. B) greaterȱomentum. C) falciformȱligament. D) ligamentumȱteres. E) hepaticȱligament. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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81) Bileȱisȱstoredȱinȱthe A) liver. B) duodenum. C) pancreas. D) gallbladder. E) appendix. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Duringȱtheȱcephalicȱphaseȱofȱgastricȱsecretion, A) theȱstomachȱrespondsȱtoȱdistention. B) secretinȱinhibitsȱparietalȱandȱchiefȱcells. C) thereȱisȱanȱincreasedȱflowȱofȱactionȱpotentialsȱalongȱtheȱvagusȱnerveȱtoȱtheȱstomach. D) theȱintestinalȱreflexȱinhibitsȱgastricȱemptying. E) productionȱofȱgastricȱjuiceȱslowsȱdown. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Theȱgastricȱphaseȱofȱgastricȱsecretionȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱthe A) sight,ȱthought,ȱorȱsmellȱofȱfood. B) entryȱofȱfoodȱintoȱtheȱstomach. C) entryȱofȱchymeȱintoȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. D) entryȱofȱchymeȱintoȱtheȱlargeȱintestine. E) releaseȱofȱcholecystokininȱandȱsecretinȱbyȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱintestinalȱphaseȱofȱgastricȱdigestion,ȱ except thatȱit A) precedesȱtheȱgastricȱphase. B) functionsȱtoȱcontrolȱtheȱrateȱofȱgastricȱemptying. C) involvesȱbothȱneuralȱandȱendocrineȱreflexes. D) helpsȱensureȱthatȱtheȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱproceedȱwithȱrelativeȱefficiency. E) beginsȱwhenȱchymeȱentersȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

85) Enzymesȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱpancreasȱinclude A) trypsinȱ(asȱtrypsinogen). B) amylase. C) lactase. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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86) Theȱgastroilealȱreflex A) emptiesȱtheȱduodenum. B) promotesȱgastricȱsecretion. C) decreasesȱperistalticȱactivity. D) movesȱsomeȱchymeȱtoȱtheȱcolon. E) isȱrelayedȱthroughȱtheȱCNS. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Nutrientsȱareȱabsorbedȱbyȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) activeȱtransport. B) diffusion. C) facilitatedȱdiffusion. D) cotransport. E) osmosis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

88) Functionsȱofȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱinclude A) absorptionȱofȱbileȱsalts. B) absorptionȱofȱvitamins. C) resorptionȱofȱwaterȱandȱcompactionȱofȱfeces. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove. E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Atȱtheȱhepaticȱflexure,ȱtheȱcolonȱbecomesȱthe A) ascendingȱcolon. B) transverseȱcolon. C) descendingȱcolon. D) sigmoidȱcolon. E) rectum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

90) Approximatelyȱtheȱlastȱ15ȱcmȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱisȱthe A) anus. B) analȱcanal. C) rectum. D) sigmoidȱcolon. E) rectalȱcolumn. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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91) Haustraȱare A) expansibleȱpouchesȱofȱtheȱcolon. B) stripsȱofȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱcolon. C) glandsȱinȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱthatȱsecreteȱmucus. D) theȱsourceȱofȱcolonȱhormones. E) compactȱfecesȱstoredȱinȱtheȱrectum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) Theȱtaeniaȱcoliȱare A) tearsȱofȱtheȱcolon. B) longitudinalȱbandsȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱcolonȱwall. C) ridgesȱinȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱcolon. D) polypsȱthatȱobstructȱtheȱsigmoidȱcolon. E) tumorsȱnormallyȱconfinedȱinȱtheȱsigmoidȱcolon. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Theȱsaclikeȱstructureȱthatȱjoinsȱtheȱileumȱatȱtheȱileocecalȱvalveȱisȱthe A) appendix. B) sigmoidȱcolon. C) rectum. D) haustra. E) cecum. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) Aȱsmall,ȱwormlikeȱstructureȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱposteromedialȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱcecumȱisȱthe A) haustra. B) pancreas. C) gallbladder. D) appendix. E) ileum. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

95) Movementsȱuniqueȱtoȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱareȱ________ȱmovements. A) peristaltic B) segmentation C) mass D) pendular E) writhing Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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96) Theȱenzymeȱamylaseȱdigests A) peptides. B) polysaccharides. C) disaccharides. D) triglycerides. E) nucleotides. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Anȱenzymeȱthatȱdigestsȱproteinsȱintoȱpeptidesȱis A) lipase. B) amylase. C) nuclease. D) maltase. E) trypsin. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Carbohydrateȱdigestionȱbeginsȱinȱthe A) mouth. B) esophagus. C) stomach. D) duodenum. E) ileum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Productsȱofȱfatȱdigestionȱareȱtransportedȱinitiallyȱby A) capillaries. B) veins. C) lymphaticȱvessels. D) theȱinterstitialȱfluid. E) theȱarterioles. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

100) Theȱabsorptionȱofȱsomeȱsugarsȱinȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱinvolves A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) cotransport. D) phagocytosis. E) pinocytosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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101) Theȱdigestiveȱtractȱisȱalsoȱreferredȱtoȱasȱthe A) alimentaryȱcanal. B) esophagus. C) GIȱtract. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

102) Theȱ________ȱsupportsȱallȱbutȱ25ȱcmȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱandȱprovidesȱstabilityȱandȱlimitedȱmovement. A) falciformȱligament B) greaterȱomentum C) mesenteryȱproper D) lesserȱomentum E) diaphragm Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

103) Thisȱorganȱisȱprimarilyȱresponsibleȱforȱwaterȱabsorption. A) smallȱintestine B) esophagus C) largeȱintestine D) stomach E) anus Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

104) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcontainsȱadiposeȱtissueȱandȱprovidesȱpaddingȱforȱtheȱanteriorȱandȱlateralȱportionsȱof theȱabdomen? A) falciformȱligament B) greaterȱomentum C) mesenteryȱproper D) lesserȱomentum E) diaphragm Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

105) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱcholecystokininȱ(CCK)? A) whereȱpancreaticȱjuiceȱandȱbileȱenterȱduodenum B) carriesȱabsorbedȱsugarsȱandȱaminoȱacids C) stimulatesȱpancreasȱtoȱsecreteȱbicarbonate-richȱfluid D) causesȱgallȱbladderȱtoȱcontract E) stimulatesȱgastricȱsecretion Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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106) Theȱ________ȱmechanicallyȱdigestsȱingestedȱfood. A) smallȱintestine B) esophagus C) largeȱintestine D) stomach E) anus Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

107) Whichȱlayerȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱhasȱaȱdenseȱirregularȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱmuscularis mucosae? A) submucosa B) digestiveȱepithelium C) muscularisȱmucosae D) laminaȱpropria E) mucosa Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

108) Whichȱorganȱisȱresponsibleȱforȱdehydrationȱandȱcompactionȱofȱindigestibleȱmaterials? A) smallȱintestine B) esophagus C) largeȱintestine D) stomach E) anus Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

109) Theȱserousȱmembraneȱthatȱlinesȱtheȱperitonealȱcavity A) secretesȱperitonealȱfluid. B) decreasesȱfriction. C) lubricatesȱtheȱcavity. D) preventsȱirritation. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

110) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcontainsȱaȱremnantȱofȱtheȱfetalȱumbilicalȱvein? A) falciformȱligament B) greaterȱomentum C) mesenteryȱproper D) lesserȱomentum E) diaphragm Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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111) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱhepaticȱtriadȱfoundȱatȱtheȱedgesȱofȱaȱliverȱlobule? A) hepaticȱartery B) bileȱduct C) centralȱvein D) hepaticȱportalȱvein E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNallȱareȱpresentȱinȱtheȱhepaticȱtriad. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱclassifiedȱasȱbeingȱeitherȱsquamousȱorȱcolumnar? A) submucosa B) digestiveȱepithelium C) muscularisȱmucosae D) laminaȱpropria E) mucosa Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

113) Approximatelyȱ________ȱlitersȱofȱfluidȱareȱsecretedȱandȱreabsorbedȱintoȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystemȱeachȱday. A) 5 B) 10 C) 2 D) 1 E) 7 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

114) Identifyȱtheȱsalivaryȱglandȱthatȱsecretesȱaȱwateryȱmixtureȱrichȱinȱsalivaryȱamylaseȱandȱbicarbonateȱion. A) mandibular B) sublingual C) lingual D) submandibular E) parotid Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

115) Theȱdouble-layerȱsheetsȱofȱserousȱmembraneȱthatȱsupportȱtheȱvisceraȱareȱcalled A) peritonealȱsheets. B) mesenteries. C) ascites. D) theȱdiaphragm. E) theȱdorsalȱandȱventralȱfrenulums. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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116) Whatȱprovidesȱaccessȱforȱbloodȱvesselsȱenteringȱandȱleavingȱtheȱliver? A) falciformȱligament B) greaterȱomentum C) mesenteryȱproper D) lesserȱomentum E) diaphragm Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

117) Whichȱlayerȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱdirectlyȱunderliesȱtheȱepithelium? A) submucosa B) digestiveȱepithelium C) muscularisȱmucosae D) laminaȱpropria E) lymphoidȱnodules Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

118) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcontainȱmucousȱcellsȱinȱtheȱepithelium,ȱexcept the A) stomach. B) transverseȱcolon. C) esophagus. D) smallȱintestine. E) largeȱintestine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

119) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱsurroundedȱbyȱaȱserosa? A) rectum B) pharynx C) esophagus D) smallȱintestine E) oralȱcavity Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

120) GastrinȱsecretionȱinȱresponseȱtoȱelevatedȱluminalȱpHȱisȱanȱexampleȱof A) neuralȱstimulation. B) localȱstimulation. C) muscularȱstimulation. D) hormoneȱstimulation. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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121) ________ȱareȱalsoȱknownȱasȱcanines. A) Bicuspids B) Incisors C) Molars D) Secondaryȱteeth E) Cuspids Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

122) Theȱoralȱmucosaȱhasȱ________ȱepithelium. A) simpleȱsquamous B) stratifiedȱsquamous C) pseudostratified D) stratifiedȱcolumnar E) transitional Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

123) Theȱ________ȱsalivaryȱglandsȱareȱcoveredȱbyȱtheȱmucousȱmembraneȱinȱtheȱfloorȱofȱtheȱmouth. A) mandibular B) sublingual C) lingual D) submandibular E) parotid Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

124) Whichȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱtongueȱisȱfalse? A) dorsalȱsurfaceȱcoveredȱwithȱpapillae B) composedȱofȱlargeȱextrinsicȱandȱsmallȱintrinsicȱmuscles C) lingualȱfrenulumȱattachesȱventralȱsurfaceȱtoȱfloorȱofȱoralȱcavity D) secretesȱlingualȱlipase E) secretesȱsalivaryȱamylase Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

125) Whichȱofȱtheseȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱduodenal ampulla? A) whereȱpancreaticȱjuiceȱandȱbileȱenterȱduodenum B) carriesȱabsorbedȱsugarsȱandȱaminoȱacids C) stimulatesȱpancreasȱtoȱsecreteȱbicarbonate-richȱfluid D) causesȱgallȱbladderȱtoȱcontract E) stimulatesȱgastricȱsecretion Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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126) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱtongue? A) manipulationȱtoȱassistȱwithȱchewing B) mechanicalȱprocessing C) sensoryȱanalysis D) secretionȱofȱmucins E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

127) Whichȱsalivaryȱglandȱproducesȱaȱserousȱsecretionȱcontainingȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱsalivaryȱamylase? A) mandibular B) sublingual C) lingual D) submandibular E) parotid Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

128) Absorptionȱofȱglucoseȱfromȱtheȱgutȱlumenȱdependsȱon A) theȱsodium-potassiumȱpumpȱinȱtheȱbasolateralȱmembraneȱofȱtheȱepithelialȱcell. B) cotransporterȱproteinsȱinȱtheȱapicalȱmembraneȱofȱtheȱepithelialȱcell. C) higherȱsodiumȱionȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱlumenȱthanȱinȱtheȱepithelialȱcell. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

129) Functionsȱofȱteethȱinclude A) tearing. B) crushing. C) cutting. D) clipping. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

130) ________ȱcrushȱandȱgrindȱfood. A) Bicuspids B) Incisors C) Molars D) Cuspids E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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131) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱthatȱplaysȱtheȱprimaryȱroleȱinȱtheȱdigestionȱandȱabsorptionȱofȱnutrientsȱisȱthe A) cecum. B) jejunum. C) stomach. D) duodenum. E) colon. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

132) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱsecretionȱandȱcontractionȱbyȱtheȱstomachȱis A) gastrin. B) enteropeptidase. C) secretin. D) cholecystokinin. E) CCK. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

133) Theȱessentialȱfunctionsȱofȱtheȱliverȱinclude A) metabolicȱregulation. B) hematologicalȱregulation. C) bileȱproduction. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

134) Ifȱtheȱlingualȱfrenulumȱisȱtooȱrestrictive,ȱanȱindividual A) hasȱaȱconditionȱcalledȱankyloglossia. B) hasȱdifficultyȱeating. C) cannotȱspeakȱnormally. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

135) Increasedȱsecretionȱbyȱallȱtheȱsalivaryȱglandsȱresultsȱfrom A) sympatheticȱstimulation. B) hormonalȱstimulation. C) parasympatheticȱstimulation. D) myentericȱreflexes. E) hunger. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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136) Theȱsecretionȱofȱacidȱandȱenzymesȱbyȱtheȱgastricȱmucosaȱisȱcontrolledȱandȱregulatedȱby A) theȱcentralȱnervousȱsystem. B) shortȱreflexesȱcoordinatedȱinȱtheȱstomachȱwall. C) digestiveȱtractȱhormones. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

137) Atȱtheȱsplenicȱflexure,ȱtheȱcolonȱbecomesȱthe A) ascendingȱcolon. B) transverseȱcolon. C) descendingȱcolon. D) sigmoidȱcolon. E) rectum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

138) Blockageȱofȱtheȱcommonȱhepaticȱductȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱdigestionȱof A) proteins. B) fats. C) disaccharides. D) complexȱcarbohydrates. E) vitamins. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

139) Duringȱdeglutition,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱphasesȱisȱnotȱpresent? A) voluntary B) pharyngeal C) laryngeal D) esophageal E) Noneȱofȱtheȱabove.ȱȱAllȱareȱphasesȱinȱdeglutition. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

140) Aȱdiseaseȱthatȱattacksȱandȱdisablesȱtheȱmyentericȱplexusȱwould A) increaseȱintestinalȱmotility. B) decreaseȱintestinalȱmotility. C) increaseȱgastricȱsecretion. D) decreaseȱgastricȱsecretion. E) interfereȱwithȱbothȱintestinalȱmotilityȱandȱgastricȱsecretion. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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141) Musclesȱknownȱasȱtheȱpharyngealȱconstrictorsȱfunctionȱin A) mastication. B) movingȱtheȱtongue. C) swallowing. D) esophagealȱperistalsis. E) openingȱtheȱcardiacȱsphincter. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

142) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱliningȱofȱtheȱstomach,ȱexcept thatȱit A) hasȱaȱsimpleȱcolumnarȱepithelium. B) isȱcoveredȱbyȱaȱthick,ȱviscousȱmucus. C) isȱconstantlyȱbeingȱreplaced. D) containsȱgastricȱpits. E) recyclesȱbile. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

143) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) theȱpHȱofȱtheȱbloodȱinȱgastricȱveinsȱduringȱdigestionȱofȱaȱlargeȱmeal B) theȱpHȱofȱtheȱbloodȱinȱgastricȱveinsȱfollowingȱaȱ24 -hourȱfast C) Canȱbeȱeither. D) BloodȱpHȱisȱconstantȱbecauseȱofȱbuffering. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

144) Enterogastricȱreflexes A) inhibitȱgastricȱmotility. B) inhibitȱgastricȱsecretion. C) areȱtriggeredȱbyȱchymeȱenteringȱtheȱduodenum. D) involveȱtheȱentericȱnervousȱsystem. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

145) Theȱpartȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestineȱmostȱlikelyȱtoȱdevelopȱanȱulcerȱfromȱexposureȱtoȱgastricȱjuiceȱisȱthe A) pylorus. B) duodenum. C) ileum. D) caecum. E) jejunum. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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146) Inȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱarrivalȱofȱacidȱchymeȱinȱtheȱduodenum,ȱthe A) bloodȱlevelsȱofȱsecretinȱrise. B) bloodȱlevelsȱofȱcholecystokininȱfall. C) bloodȱlevelsȱofȱgastrinȱrise. D) bloodȱlevelsȱofȱenterocrininȱfall. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

147) Aȱblockageȱofȱtheȱductsȱfromȱtheȱparotidȱglandsȱwould A) reduceȱdeliveryȱofȱsaliva. B) causeȱmumps-likeȱswellingȱofȱtheȱface. C) interfereȱwithȱcarbohydrateȱdigestionȱinȱtheȱmouth. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

148) Inȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱhormoneȱsecretin,ȱtheȱpancreasȱsecretesȱaȱfluid A) richȱinȱenzymes. B) richȱinȱbicarbonateȱion. C) richȱinȱbile. D) richȱinȱmucus. E) thatȱcontainsȱonlyȱamylase. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

149) Inȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱhormoneȱcholecystokinin,ȱtheȱpancreasȱsecretesȱaȱfluid A) richȱinȱenzymes. B) richȱinȱbicarbonate. C) richȱinȱbile. D) richȱinȱmucus. E) thatȱcontainsȱonlyȱamylase. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

150) Ifȱdigestionȱofȱaȱcarbohydrateȱresultsȱinȱequalȱamountsȱofȱglucoseȱandȱgalactose,ȱthisȱcarbohydrateȱisȱprobably A) sucrose. B) maltose. C) lactose. D) cellulose. E) glycogen. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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151) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱprocessȱknownȱasȱcotransport,ȱexcept that A) onlyȱneutralȱcompoundsȱsuchȱasȱsugarsȱareȱtransported. B) moreȱthanȱoneȱmoleculeȱorȱionȱisȱmovedȱthroughȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱatȱoneȱtime. C) ATPȱisȱnotȱrequiredȱbyȱtheȱtransportȱprotein. D) saturationȱphenomenonȱcanȱbeȱobserved. E) moleculesȱcanȱbeȱmovedȱagainstȱaȱconcentrationȱgradient. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

152) Parietalȱcellsȱsecrete A) pepsinogen. B) gastrin. C) mucus. D) intrinsicȱfactor. E) vitaminȱB12. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

153) Theȱstomachȱisȱableȱtoȱdistendȱaȱgreatȱdealȱasȱitȱreceivesȱfoodȱbecauseȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱthat A) thereȱisȱaȱgreatȱdealȱofȱlooseȱtissueȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱrugae. B) theȱsmoothȱmuscleȱofȱtheȱstomachȱisȱveryȱelastic. C) theȱhormoneȱgastrinȱrelaxesȱstomachȱsmoothȱmuscle. D) sympatheticȱstimulationȱdecreasesȱtheȱtonusȱofȱtheȱgastricȱsmoothȱmuscle. E) theȱgastricȱsmoothȱmuscleȱisȱveryȱextensible. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

154) Aȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱactionȱofȱcarbonicȱanhydraseȱinȱparietalȱcellsȱwouldȱresultȱin A) aȱlowerȱpHȱduringȱgastricȱdigestion. B) aȱhigherȱpHȱduringȱgastricȱdigestion. C) decreasedȱproductionȱofȱpepsinogenȱbyȱchiefȱcells. D) increasedȱproteinȱdigestionȱinȱtheȱstomach. E) decreasedȱgastrinȱproduction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

155) Aȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱactionȱofȱtheȱhormoneȱcholecystokininȱwouldȱaffect A) acidȱproductionȱbyȱtheȱstomach. B) theȱcompositionȱofȱpancreaticȱsecretions. C) theȱdeliveryȱofȱbile. D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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156) Anȱobstructionȱofȱtheȱcommonȱbileȱductȱoftenȱresultsȱin A) undigestedȱfatȱinȱtheȱfeces. B) jaundice. C) inabilityȱtoȱdigestȱprotein. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

157) Ifȱtheȱpancreaticȱductȱwasȱobstructed,ȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱseeȱelevatedȱbloodȱlevelsȱof A) bilirubin. B) amylase. C) cholecystokinin. D) secretin. E) gastrin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

158) Maryȱhadȱherȱstomachȱmostlyȱremovedȱtoȱtryȱtoȱovercomeȱobesity.ȱAsȱaȱresultȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱMaryȱtoȱbeȱat riskȱfor A) proteinȱmalnutrition. B) perniciousȱanemia. C) diarrhea. D) dehydration. E) anȱulcer. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

159) Tomȱhasȱhepatitis,ȱanȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱliver.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsymptomsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱobserve inȱTom? A) jaundice B) elevatedȱlevelsȱofȱbloodȱglucose C) impairedȱdigestionȱofȱprotein D) bloodȱinȱtheȱfeces E) overproductionȱofȱbloodȱplasmaȱalbumin Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

160) Tonyȱisȱaȱchronicȱalcoholicȱwithȱcirrhosisȱofȱtheȱliver,ȱaȱconditionȱinȱwhichȱliverȱcellsȱdieȱandȱareȱreplacedȱby connectiveȱtissue.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsignsȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱobserveȱinȱTony? A) increasedȱclottingȱtime B) jaundice C) portalȱhypertensionȱandȱascites D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ24- 1ȱTheȱStomachȱ(dissected) UseȱFigureȱ24- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 161) WhatȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6Ȉ? A) strainsȱmaterialsȱenteringȱtheȱstomach B) regulatesȱgastricȱemptying C) mixesȱstomachȱjuiceȱintoȱfood D) controlsȱcontractionȱofȱstomachȱmuscles E) preventsȱfoodȱfromȱenteringȱtheȱesophagus Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

162) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ10.Ȉ A) longitudinalȱmuscleȱlayer B) circularȱmuscleȱlayer C) obliqueȱmuscleȱlayer D) rugae E) submucosa Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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163) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) fundus B) cardia C) lesserȱcurvature D) greaterȱcurvature E) pylorus Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

164) Whichȱstructureȱhelpsȱtheȱstomachȱtoȱstretchȱasȱitȱfillsȱwithȱfood? A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 E) 9 Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

165) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) esophagus B) cardia C) lesserȱcurvature D) greaterȱcurvature E) pylorus Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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\ Figureȱ24- 2ȱTheȱWallȱofȱtheȱSmallȱIntestine UseȱFigureȱ24- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 166) WhatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) sodiumȱbicarbonate B) lipase C) antibodies D) hydrochloricȱacid E) pepsinogen Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

167) Whichȱstructureȱcontrolsȱtheȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱmuscularisȱexterna? A) 2 B) 8 C) 9 D) 10 E) 11 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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168) ContractionȱofȱtheȱmuscleȱlayerȱlabeledȱȈ9Ȉȱcausesȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱto A) constrict. B) shorten. C) dilate. D) foldȱforȱincreasedȱsurfaceȱarea. E) secreteȱenzymes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

169) WhatȱtypeȱofȱepitheliumȱcoversȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6Ȉ? A) simpleȱsquamous B) stratifiedȱsquamous C) simpleȱcuboidal D) simpleȱcolumnar E) pseudostratifiedȱciliatedȱcolumnar Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

170) TheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ5Ȉ A) contributesȱtoȱtheȱmesenteryȱofȱtheȱsmallȱintestine. B) hasȱaȱsimpleȱsquamousȱepithelium. C) isȱpartȱofȱtheȱvisceralȱperitoneum. D) isȱcalledȱtheȱserosa. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱoralȱcavityȱisȱalsoȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________ȱcavity. Answer: buccal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱfirstȱteethȱtoȱappearȱareȱtheȱ________ȱteeth. Answer: deciduous Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Thereȱareȱnormallyȱaȱtotalȱofȱ________ȱprimaryȱteeth. Answer: 20 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Theȱsecondaryȱdentitionȱusuallyȱcomprisesȱ________ȱteeth. Answer: 32 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱtechnicalȱtermȱforȱchewingȱisȱ________. Answer: mastication Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱsmall,ȱsemisolidȱmassȱofȱfoodȱformedȱduringȱmasticationȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: bolus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Afterȱfoodȱandȱgastricȱjuicesȱcombine,ȱtheȱgastricȱcontentsȱareȱreferredȱtoȱasȱ________. Answer: chyme Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Bileȱsaltsȱaidȱinȱtheȱdigestionȱofȱfatsȱbyȱ________ȱlargeȱfatȱdroplets. Answer: emulsifying Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) ________ȱisȱgasȱproducedȱbyȱbacteriaȱinȱtheȱcolonȱasȱtheyȱmetabolizeȱindigestibleȱcarbohydrates. Answer: Flatus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱenzymeȱthatȱdigestsȱstarchȱintoȱdisaccharidesȱandȱtrisaccharidesȱisȱ________. Answer: amylase Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Maltoseȱisȱhydrolyzedȱintoȱmonosaccharidesȱbyȱtheȱenzymeȱ________. Answer: maltase Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Sucroseȱisȱhydrolyzedȱbyȱsucraseȱintoȱglucoseȱandȱ________. Answer: fructose Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Peopleȱwhoȱlackȱtheȱenzymeȱ________ȱoftenȱexperienceȱGIȱupsetȱafterȱconsumingȱmilkȱandȱotherȱdairy products. Answer: lactase Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) ________ȱareȱcomplexesȱofȱfattyȱacids,ȱmonoglycerides,ȱandȱbileȱsalts. Answer: Micelles Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱ________ȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱunionȱofȱtheȱcysticȱductȱandȱtheȱcommonȱhepaticȱduct. Answer: commonȱbileȱduct Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Yourȱpatientȱwithȱliverȱfailureȱhasȱaȱfirmȱroundedȱabdomenȱdueȱtoȱaccumulationȱofȱfluid.ȱThisȱisȱknown clinicallyȱasȱ________. Answer: ascites Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

17) Theȱcircumferentialȱfoldsȱthatȱencircleȱtheȱdigestiveȱtractȱareȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: plicae Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Withinȱtheȱoralȱcavity,ȱbothȱmechanicalȱandȱchemicalȱ________ȱbegin. Answer: digestion Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱoralȱcavityȱperformsȱsensoryȱ________ȱpriorȱtoȱswallowing. Answer: analysis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱdanglingȱprocessȱthatȱaidsȱinȱkeepingȱfoodȱoutȱofȱtheȱnasopharynxȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱ________. Answer: uvula Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

21) Aȱviralȱinfectionȱthatȱoftenȱinvolvesȱtheȱparotidȱglands,ȱwhichȱswellȱnoticeably,ȱisȱ________. Answer: mumps Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Matchȱtheȱtermȱwithȱitsȱactivity. 1.ȱgallbladder 2.ȱesophagus 3.ȱpancreas

A)ȱstoresȱbile B)ȱsecretesȱdigestiveȱenzymes C)ȱtransportsȱmaterialȱtoȱstomach

Answer: 1-A;ȱ2-C;ȱ3-B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Theȱdorsalȱmesenteryȱofȱtheȱfetusȱdevelopsȱintoȱtheȱgreaterȱomentumȱofȱtheȱadult. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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2) Dentinȱisȱtheȱhardestȱsubstanceȱfoundȱinȱteeth. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Whatȱroleȱdoȱhormonesȱplayȱinȱhungerȱandȱsatiety? Answer: Levelsȱofȱghrelin,ȱaȱhormoneȱproducedȱbyȱP/D1ȱcells,ȱliningȱtheȱfundicȱregionȱofȱtheȱstomach,ȱriseȱbefore mealsȱtoȱinitiateȱhungerȱandȱdeclineȱshortlyȱafterȱeatingȱtoȱcurbȱappetite.ȱGhrelinȱisȱalsoȱantagonisticȱto leptin,ȱaȱfat-tissue-derivedȱhormoneȱthatȱinducesȱsatiety.ȱAnotherȱhormoneȱfromȱtheȱstomachȱandȱsmall intestine,ȱobestatin,ȱdecreasesȱappetite.ȱTheȱsameȱgeneȱencodesȱbothȱghrelinȱandȱobestatin. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Outlineȱtheȱusualȱpathwayȱforȱdigestionȱandȱabsorptionȱofȱtriglyceridesȱ(fats). Answer: Fatsȱareȱnotȱsolubleȱinȱwaterȱandȱsoȱneedȱspecialȱhandling.ȱTheȱliverȱproducesȱbileȱforȱfatȱdigestion.ȱBile causesȱfatȱmoleculesȱtoȱbreakȱupȱintoȱtinyȱdropletsȱcalledȱmicelles.ȱPancreaticȱlipaseȱattachesȱtoȱthese micellesȱandȱhydrolysesȱtheȱtriglycerides,ȱfreeingȱfattyȱacids,ȱmonoglycerides,ȱandȱglycerol.ȱTheȱglycerol entersȱtheȱcolumnarȱepithelialȱcellsȱbyȱfacilitatedȱdiffusionȱandȱtheȱfattyȱacidsȱenterȱbyȱsimpleȱdiffusion becauseȱofȱtheirȱlipidȱnature.ȱWithinȱtheȱepithelialȱcellȱglycerolȱorȱmonoglyceridesȱareȱreconnectedȱto fattyȱacids.ȱTheseȱfatȱmoleculesȱformȱtinyȱdropletsȱwithinȱtheȱGolgiȱandȱpassȱintoȱtheȱlaminaȱpropria. Hereȱtheyȱenterȱlacteals,ȱwhichȱareȱlymphatics,ȱeventuallyȱbeingȱcarriedȱtoȱtheȱvenousȱcirculationȱatȱthe thoracicȱduct. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Leonȱhasȱgallstones.ȱHisȱdoctorȱputsȱhimȱonȱaȱdietȱlowȱinȱfat.ȱWhy? Answer: Theȱgallbladderȱfunctionsȱtoȱconcentrateȱandȱstoreȱbileȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱliver.ȱInȱthisȱcapacity,ȱthe gallbladderȱreabsorbsȱwaterȱfromȱtheȱbile.ȱSinceȱbileȱsaltsȱareȱproducedȱfromȱcholesterol,ȱtheseȱsaltsȱwill beȱprecipitatedȱasȱcholesterol-likeȱgallstonesȱifȱtooȱmuchȱwaterȱisȱreabsorbed.ȱWheneverȱbileȱisȱreleased byȱtheȱgallbladderȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱfatsȱinȱtheȱduodenum,ȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱwallȱof theȱgallbladderȱmustȱcontract.ȱThisȱgeneratesȱsevereȱpainȱifȱtheȱcysticȱductȱorȱcommonȱbileȱductȱare blockedȱbyȱkidneyȱstones.ȱToȱminimizeȱorȱpreventȱthisȱpainȱLeonȇsȱdoctorȱprescribesȱaȱlow -fatȱ:ȱlessȱfat inȱtheȱdiet,ȱlessȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱgallbladder,ȱandȱlessȱpain. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Imagineȱeatingȱaȱsodaȱcracker,ȱwhichȱisȱbasicallyȱstarch,ȱfat,ȱprotein,ȱandȱsalt.ȱHowȱwouldȱeachȱofȱthese componentsȱbeȱdigested?ȱWhereȱwithinȱtheȱdigestiveȱsystemȱwouldȱtheyȱbeȱdigested?ȱAreȱanyȱaccessory organsȱinvolved? Answer: Digestionȱbeginsȱinȱtheȱoralȱcavity.ȱFoodȱtriggersȱsalivaȱfromȱtheȱparotids,ȱrichȱinȱamylase,ȱandȱfromȱthe submandibulars,ȱrichȱinȱmucus.ȱTheȱtongueȱandȱteethȱcooperateȱtoȱmixȱallȱtogetherȱandȱformȱaȱbolus. Digestionȱofȱfatsȱandȱstarchȱbeginsȱdueȱtoȱlingualȱlipaseȱandȱsalivaryȱamylase.ȱSwallowingȱreflexesȱsend itȱtoȱtheȱstomach.ȱAcidȱandȱpepsinȱgreetȱtheȱbolus.ȱPeptidesȱformȱfromȱtheȱwheatȱproteinsȱdueȱtoȱaction ofȱpepsin.ȱItȱthenȱtravelsȱintoȱtheȱsmallȱintestine,ȱwhereȱpancreaticȱlipaseȱandȱamylaseȱcompleteȱfatȱand starchȱdigestion.ȱPancreaticȱproteinasesȱandȱpeptidasesȱreduceȱpeptidesȱtoȱaminoȱacids.ȱTheseȱare absorbedȱbyȱcotransport.ȱMaltoseȱfromȱstarchȱisȱsplitȱintoȱglucoseȱmolecules,ȱwhichȱareȱabsorbedȱby cotransport.ȱTheȱsaltȱinȱtheȱcrackerȱisȱabsorbedȱduringȱcotransport.ȱFattyȱacidsȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱepithelial cellsȱbecauseȱofȱtheirȱlipidȱcharacter. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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5) WhatȱlocalȱreflexesȱcontrolȱtheȱGIȱtract? Answer: TheȱGIȱtractȱhasȱextensiveȱsensoryȱandȱmotorȱneuronȱplexusesȱthatȱcommunicateȱalongȱtheȱentireȱlength ofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtube.ȱTheseȱsystemsȱenableȱsimpleȱreflexȱbehavior.ȱVomitingȱisȱaȱfamiliarȱexample. ToxinsȱareȱdetectedȱbyȱsensoryȱneuronsȱinȱtheȱGIȱtract.ȱTheyȱtriggerȱaȱreflexȱreverseȱperistalsis,ȱemptying theȱstomachȱandȱesophagusȱofȱtheȱoffensiveȱmaterial.ȱTheȱgastroilealȱreflexȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱstomach distension,ȱcausingȱfoodȱtoȱmoveȱfromȱtheȱileumȱintoȱtheȱcolon.ȱSimilarly,ȱstomachȱstretchȱcanȱtrigger reflexȱmassȱmovementsȱthatȱsendȱchymeȱintoȱtheȱrectum,ȱpromotingȱaȱsenseȱofȱurgency.ȱAnotherȱisȱthe gastroentericȱreflex,ȱalsoȱinitiatedȱbyȱstretchȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱstomach,ȱthatȱstimulatesȱmotilityȱand secretionȱalongȱtheȱentireȱsmallȱintestine.ȱFinally,ȱtheȱenterogastricȱreflexȱcausesȱtheȱemptyingȱandȱother movementsȱofȱtheȱstomachȱtoȱpauseȱforȱaȱfewȱmomentsȱwhenȱgastricȱcontentsȱcontactȱtheȱduodenal mucosa.ȱThisȱisȱaȱgoodȱexampleȱofȱlocalȱautonomicȱregulation. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ25 MetabolismȱandȱEnergetics MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱsumȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱbiochemicalȱprocessesȱgoingȱonȱwithinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱatȱanyȱgivenȱtimeȱisȱcalled A) glycolysis. B) oxidativeȱphosphorylation. C) catabolism. D) anabolism. E) metabolism. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Cellsȱsynthesizeȱnewȱorganicȱcomponentsȱforȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱreasons? A) structuralȱmaintenance B) growthȱandȱrepair C) secrete D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Duringȱglycolysis A) aȱmoleculeȱofȱglucoseȱisȱconvertedȱintoȱtwoȱmoleculesȱofȱpyruvicȱacid. B) fourȱmoleculesȱofȱATPȱareȱproduced. C) twoȱmoleculesȱofȱATPȱareȱconsumed D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Insideȱtheȱmitochondrion,ȱeachȱpyruvicȱacidȱmolecule A) formsȱaȱmoleculeȱofȱcitricȱacid. B) losesȱaȱcarbonȱatom. C) attachesȱtoȱNAD. D) entersȱtheȱelectronȱtransportȱsystem. E) isȱphosphorylated. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) TheȱTCAȱcycle A) beginsȱwithȱtheȱformationȱofȱaȱmoleculeȱofȱcitricȱacid. B) directlyȱproducesȱmostȱofȱtheȱATPȱfromȱtheȱcatabolismȱofȱglucose. C) consumesȱtwoȱmolesȱofȱcarbonȱdioxide. D) containsȱenzymesȱcalledȱcytochromes. E) formsȱacetyl-CoAȱfromȱglucose-6-phosphate. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱcarbonȱdioxideȱofȱrespirationȱisȱformedȱduring A) glycolysis. B) theȱTCAȱcycle. C) electronȱtransport. D) theȱformationȱofȱpyruvicȱacid. E) theȱformationȱofȱwater. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Inȱtheȱelectronȱtransportȱchain A) NADHȱandȱFADH 2 ȱdonateȱhydrogenȱatoms. B) reducedȱmoleculesȱtransferȱenergyȱtoȱATPȱformation. C) oxidativeȱphosphorylationȱleadsȱtoȱATPȱformation. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Inȱglycolysis,ȱeachȱmoleculeȱofȱglucoseȱthatȱisȱcatabolizedȱgivesȱaȱnetȱyieldȱofȱhowȱmanyȱmoleculesȱofȱATP? A) 2 B) 4 C) 30 D) 36 E) 38 Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Inȱtheȱprocessȱofȱcellularȱrespirationȱ(glycolysisȱ+ oxidative),ȱeachȱmoleculeȱofȱglucoseȱthatȱisȱmetabolized yieldsȱenoughȱenergyȱtoȱformȱ________ȱmoleculesȱofȱATP. A) 2 B) 4 C) 28 D) 36 E) 72 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Duringȱlipolysis A) triglyceridesȱareȱconvertedȱintoȱmoleculesȱofȱacetyl-CoA. B) triglyceridesȱareȱbrokenȱdownȱintoȱglycerolȱandȱfattyȱacids. C) lipidsȱareȱconvertedȱintoȱglucoseȱmolecules. D) lipidsȱareȱformedȱfromȱexcessȱcarbohydrates. E) lipidsȱareȱmetabolizedȱtoȱyieldȱATP. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱbeta-oxidation,ȱexcept that A) itȱoccursȱinȱtheȱmitochondria. B) fattyȱacidsȱbreakȱdownȱintoȱtwo-carbonȱfragmentsȱthatȱenterȱtheȱTCAȱcycle. C) lipidsȱareȱconvertedȱintoȱglycogenȱmolecules. D) itȱrequiresȱcoenzymeȱA,ȱNAD,ȱandȱFAD. E) itȱyieldsȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱATP. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Lipids A) deliverȱsomewhatȱlessȱenergyȱthanȱanȱequivalentȱmassȱofȱglucose. B) areȱdifficultȱtoȱstoreȱsinceȱtheyȱareȱnotȱwaterȱsoluble. C) yieldȱquickȱburstsȱofȱenergy. D) provideȱenergyȱforȱcellsȱwithȱmodestȱenergyȱdemands. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Lipogenesisȱgenerallyȱbeginsȱwith A) glucose. B) aminoȱacids. C) fattyȱacids. D) acetyl-CoA. E) succinyl-CoA. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Linoleicȱacidȱandȱlinolenicȱacidȱareȱexamplesȱof A) transportȱproteins. B) lipoproteins. C) essentialȱfattyȱacids. D) essentialȱaminoȱacids. E) vitamins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱlargestȱlipoproteins,ȱrangingȱinȱdiameterȱupȱtoȱ0.5ȱΐm,ȱ________ȱareȱproducedȱbyȱintestinalȱepithelialȱcells fromȱtheȱfatsȱinȱfood. A) very-low-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(VLDLs) B) low-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(LDLs) C) intermediate-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(IDLs) D) high-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(HDLs) E) chylomicrons Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) SometimesȱcalledȱȈgoodȱcholesterol,Ȉȱ________ȱcarryȱexcessȱcholesterolȱfromȱperipheralȱtissuesȱtoȱtheȱliver. A) very-low-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(VLDLs) B) low-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(LDLs) C) intermediate-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(IDLs) D) high-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(HDLs) E) very-high-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(VHDLs) Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Removalȱofȱtheȱaminoȱgroupȱfromȱaminoȱacidsȱinȱtheȱfirstȱstepȱofȱtheirȱcatabolismȱrequiresȱaȱcoenzymeȱderived fromȱvitaminȱȱ________. A) A B) C C) B12 D) B6 E) B9 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Inȱtransamination,ȱtheȱaminoȱgroupȱofȱanȱaminoȱacidȱis A) convertedȱtoȱammonia. B) convertedȱtoȱurea. C) transferredȱtoȱaȱketoȱacid. D) absorbedȱbyȱwater. E) transferredȱtoȱacetyl-CoA. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱconversionȱofȱammoniaȱintoȱaȱlessȱtoxicȱsubstanceȱproduces A) ketoneȱbodies. B) urea. C) nitrate. D) acetyl-CoA. E) water. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Ureaȱisȱformedȱinȱthe A) liver. B) stomach. C) kidneys. D) smallȱintestine. E) largeȱintestine. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Forȱadultsȱthereȱareȱ________ȱessentialȱaminoȱacids. A) 2 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 E) 20 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Nȱcompoundsȱinclude A) aminoȱacids. B) purines. C) pyrimidines. D) creatine. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Whatȱpercentȱofȱenergyȱreleasedȱfromȱcatabolismȱisȱlostȱasȱheat? A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 50 E) 60 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Duringȱtheȱabsorptiveȱstate, A) theȱliverȱformsȱglycogen. B) adipocytesȱreleaseȱfattyȱacidsȱtoȱtheȱcirculation. C) skeletalȱmuscleȱbreaksȱdownȱglycogen. D) insulinȱlevelsȱareȱelevated. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccurȱduringȱtheȱpostabsorptiveȱstate,ȱexcept that A) glycogenolysisȱoccursȱinȱtheȱliver. B) levelsȱofȱbloodȱglucoseȱareȱelevated. C) ketoneȱbodiesȱmayȱbeȱformed. D) fatȱmobilizationȱoccurs. E) gluconeogenesisȱoccursȱinȱtheȱliver. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Duringȱstarvation A) carbohydrateȱutilizationȱincreases. B) gluconeogenesisȱaccelerates. C) thereȱisȱaȱdeclineȱinȱcirculatingȱketoneȱbodies. D) muscleȱproteinsȱareȱusedȱasȱanȱenergyȱsource. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Aȱbalancedȱdietȱshould A) includeȱadequateȱsubstratesȱforȱtheȱproductionȱofȱenergy. B) provideȱessentialȱaminoȱacidsȱandȱfattyȱacids. C) containȱadequateȱamountsȱofȱvitaminsȱandȱminerals. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Nitrogenȱcompoundsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) aminoȱacids. B) oxaloaceticȱacid. C) creatine. D) porphyrin. E) purines. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱnutrientsȱthatȱyieldȱtheȱmostȱenergyȱperȱgramȱwhenȱmetabolizedȱare A) carbohydrates. B) proteins. C) fats. D) nucleicȱacids. E) vitamins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱmajorȱcationȱinȱextracellularȱfluidȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) iron. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱmajorȱcationȱinȱcytoplasmȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) iron. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱmajorȱanionȱinȱbodyȱfluidsȱis A) chloride. B) bicarbonate. C) sulfate. D) iodide. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Aȱcationȱthatȱisȱessentialȱforȱmuscleȱcontraction,ȱnerveȱfunction,ȱandȱbloodȱclottingȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) selenium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Anȱionȱthatȱisȱaȱnecessaryȱcomponentȱofȱhigh -energyȱcompoundsȱandȱnucleicȱacidsȱandȱaȱstructural componentȱofȱboneȱisȱtheȱ________ȱion. A) chloride B) sulfate C) phosphate D) bicarbonate E) iodide Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Aȱcationȱthatȱoftenȱactsȱasȱaȱcofactorȱforȱenzymesȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) zinc. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Anȱelementȱthatȱisȱaȱcomponentȱofȱhemoglobin,ȱmyoglobin,ȱandȱcytochromesȱis A) calcium. B) magnesium. C) iron. D) zinc. E) cobalt. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱelementȱthatȱisȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱproperȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱenzymeȱcarbonicȱanhydraseȱis A) iron. B) cobalt. C) zinc. D) selenium. E) iodine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱtraceȱelementȱneededȱforȱhemoglobinȱsynthesisȱis A) zinc. B) copper. C) cobalt. D) iodine. E) silicon. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱvitaminȱthatȱplaysȱaȱroleȱinȱmaintainingȱepitheliaȱandȱisȱrequiredȱforȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱvisualȱpigmentsȱis vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Theȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱrequiredȱforȱproperȱboneȱgrowthȱandȱforȱcalciumȱabsorptionȱandȱretentionȱisȱvitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) TheȱvitaminȱthatȱpreventsȱbreakdownȱofȱvitaminȱAȱandȱfattyȱacidsȱisȱvitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D. E) E. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱessentialȱforȱtheȱproductionȱofȱseveralȱclottingȱfactorsȱisȱvitamin A) A. B) B. C) E. D) C. E) K. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱvitaminȱwhoseȱdeficiencyȱcausesȱberiberiȱis A) thiamine. B) riboflavin. C) niacin. D) folicȱacidȱ(folate). E) cobalamin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) TheȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱcoenzymesȱFADȱandȱFMNȱis A) thiamine. B) riboflavin. C) niacin. D) folicȱacidȱ(folate). E) cobalamin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) TheȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱcoenzymeȱNADȱis A) thiamine. B) riboflavin. C) niacin. D) folicȱacidȱ(folate). E) cobalamin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Aȱvitaminȱobtainedȱfromȱmeatȱthatȱisȱaȱcoenzymeȱinȱaminoȱacidȱandȱlipidȱmetabolismȱis A) pyridoxineȱ(B6 ). B) pantothenicȱacid. C) riboflavin. D) folicȱacidȱ(folate). E) niacin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) TheȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱaȱconstituentȱofȱcoenzymeȱAȱis A) folicȱacidȱ(folate). B) pantothenicȱacid. C) pyridoxineȱ(B6 ). D) riboflavin. E) niacin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱvitaminȱthatȱisȱaȱcoenzymeȱinȱaminoȱacidȱandȱnucleicȱacidȱmetabolismȱis A) pantothenicȱacid. B) pyridoxineȱ(B6 ). C) folicȱacidȱ(folate). D) vitaminȱC. E) vitaminȱK. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) FactorsȱthatȱinfluenceȱanȱindividualȇsȱBMRȱ(basalȱmetabolicȱrate)ȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) physicalȱexertion. B) age. C) bodyȱweight. D) genetics. E) gender. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) AȱT4 ȱassayȱisȱusedȱto A) determineȱtheȱnumberȱofȱcaloriesȱinȱfood. B) directlyȱmeasureȱtheȱbasalȱmetabolicȱrate. C) obtainȱanȱindexȱofȱmetabolicȱactivity. D) monitorȱtheȱenergyȱefficiencyȱofȱmetabolism. E) determineȱtheȱamountȱofȱoxygenȱconsumedȱduringȱmetabolism. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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51) Whenȱtheȱtemperatureȱofȱtheȱpreopticȱareaȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱexceedsȱitsȱthermostatȱsetting, A) peripheralȱvasoconstrictionȱoccurs. B) skinȱbloodȱflowȱincreases. C) tidalȱvolumeȱincreases. D) sweatȱglandsȱareȱinhibited. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccurȱwhenȱtheȱtemperatureȱofȱtheȱpreopticȱareaȱofȱtheȱhypothalamusȱdropsȱbelowȱits thermostatȱsetting,ȱexceptȱthat A) bloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱskinȱincreases. B) shiveringȱthermogenesisȱoccurs. C) nonshiveringȱthermogenesisȱoccurs. D) epinephrineȱlevelsȱrise. E) bloodȱreturningȱfromȱlimbsȱisȱshuntedȱtoȱdeepȱveins. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱlossȱofȱinfraredȱenergyȱfromȱtheȱbodyȱisȱcalled A) radiation. B) conduction. C) convection. D) evaporation. E) thermalȱregulation. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Moreȱthanȱhalfȱtheȱheatȱisȱlostȱfromȱtheȱbodyȱindoorsȱthroughȱtheȱprocessȱof A) radiation. B) conduction. C) convection. D) evaporation. E) concentration. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

55) Reactionsȱwithinȱ________ȱprovideȱmostȱofȱtheȱenergyȱneededȱbyȱaȱtypicalȱcell. A) cytoplasm B) theȱplasmaȱmembrane C) theȱmitochondria D) theȱendoplasmicȱreticulum E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) CellsȱperformȱcatabolismȱtoȱgenerateȱATP,ȱwhichȱcanȱbeȱusedȱfor A) muscleȱcontraction. B) ionȱtransport. C) proteinȱsynthesis. D) glycogenȱsynthesis. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Cellsȱmustȱsynthesizeȱnewȱorganicȱcompounds A) toȱsupportȱgrowth. B) toȱperformȱstructuralȱmaintenanceȱorȱrepairs. C) toȱproduceȱsecretions. D) toȱstoreȱnutrientȱreserves. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Inȱorderȱforȱglycolysisȱtoȱproceed,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱneedȱnot beȱpresent? A) glucose B) acetyl-CoA C) ATP D) NAD E) ADP Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Theȱ________ȱofȱtheȱmitochondrionȱcontainsȱlarge-diameterȱporesȱthatȱareȱpermeableȱtoȱionsȱandȱsmallȱorganic moleculesȱsuchȱasȱpyruvicȱacid. A) innerȱmembrane B) plasmaȱmembrane C) outerȱmembrane D) matrix E) cristae Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) TheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱTCAȱcycleȱisȱto A) removeȱhydrogenȱatomsȱfromȱorganicȱmoleculesȱandȱtransferȱthemȱtoȱcoenzymes. B) transferȱtheȱacetylȱgroup. C) hydrolyzeȱglucose. D) produceȱcarbonȱdioxide. E) produceȱwater. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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61) InȱtheȱETS,ȱ________ȱacceptsȱelectronsȱfromȱoneȱmoleculeȱandȱtransfersȱthemȱtoȱanother. A) aȱhydrogenȱion B) aȱcoenzyme C) theȱacetylȱgroup D) aȱcytochrome E) BȱorȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Eachȱcytochromeȱcontains A) aȱprotein. B) aȱpigment. C) aȱcoenzyme. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

63) Aȱmalfunctionȱofȱtheȱthermoregulatoryȱmechanismsȱcausedȱbyȱfluidȱlossȱinȱsweatȱisȱknownȱas A) thermoneogenesis. B) heatȱexhaustion. C) hydrosis. D) afebrileȱreaction. E) dehydrationȱreaction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Aȱhighȱuricȱacidȱlevelȱ(aboveȱ7.4ȱmg/dl)ȱcanȱleadȱtoȱtheȱpainfulȱconditionȱknownȱas A) gout. B) rheumatoidȱarthritis. C) anorexiaȱnervosa. D) lupus. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Theȱstrategyȱofȱeatingȱstarchyȱfoodsȱforȱseveralȱdaysȱbeforeȱanȱathleticȱeventȱisȱknownȱas A) carbohydrateȱcraving. B) theȱAtkinsȱdiet. C) carbohydrateȱloading. D) glycolysisȱreaction. E) overeating. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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66) Theȱpresenceȱofȱketoneȱbodiesȱinȱtheȱurineȱisȱknownȱas A) polyuria. B) hematuria. C) ketonuria. D) uremia. E) ketosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

67) Obesityȱisȱdefinedȱasȱaȱbodyȱweightȱmoreȱthanȱ________ȱpercentȱaboveȱtheȱidealȱbodyȱweightȱforȱanȱindividual. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20 E) 30 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Aȱdisorderȱcausedȱbyȱtheȱingestionȱofȱexcessiveȱquantitiesȱofȱaȱfat -solubleȱvitaminȱisȱknownȱas A) proteinȱdeficiencyȱdisease. B) Kwashiorkor. C) avitaminosis. D) carbohydrateȱloading. E) hypervitaminosis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) AlthoughȱotherȱnutrientsȱcanȱfeedȱintoȱtheȱTCAȱcycle,ȱ________ȱyieldsȱenergyȱtheȱquickest. A) glycogen B) glucose C) protein D) fat E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Inȱtheȱhumanȱbody,ȱcholesterolȱisȱimportantȱbecauseȱit A) helpsȱwaterproofȱtheȱepidermis. B) isȱaȱlipidȱcomponentȱofȱallȱcellȱmembranes. C) isȱaȱkeyȱconstituentȱofȱbile. D) isȱtheȱprecursorȱofȱseveralȱsteroidȱhormonesȱandȱvitaminȱD 3 . E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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71) InȱorderȱtoȱdetermineȱtheȱLDLȱlevelȱinȱaȱpatientȇsȱbloodȱitȱisȱnecessaryȱtoȱmeasure A) totalȱcholesterolȱlevel. B) HDLȱlevel. C) triglycerideȱlevel. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

72) Someoneȱwithȱaȱtotalȱcholesterolȱlevelȱbetweenȱ200ȱandȱ239ȱmg/dlȱshould A) modifyȱtheirȱdiet. B) loseȱweightȱifȱoverweight. C) haveȱannualȱcheckups. D) notȱworryȱifȱtheyȱareȱphysicallyȱactive. E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Liverȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱadiposeȱtissueȱisȱtoȱ________. A) focalȱpointȱofȱmetabolicȱregulationȱandȱcontrol;ȱstorageȱofȱlipids B) storageȱofȱvitaminȱC;ȱsourceȱofȱleptin C) cholesterol;ȱtriglycerides D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Glucocorticoidsȱhaveȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱeffectsȱonȱgeneralȱperipheralȱtissues? A) Theyȱdecreaseȱtheȱuseȱofȱglucose. B) Theyȱincreaseȱgluconeogenesis. C) Theyȱincreaseȱglycogenolysis. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

75) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcomplementsȱtheȱactionsȱofȱglucocorticoids? A) insulin B) growthȱhormone C) glucagon D) epinephrine E) androgens Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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76) Theȱessentialȱfattyȱacidsȱare A) linoleicȱacidȱandȱlinolenicȱacid. B) leucineȱandȱlysine. C) cholesterolȱandȱglycerol. D) HDLsȱandȱLDLs. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

77) Theȱlipoproteinsȱthatȱcarryȱabsorbedȱlipidsȱfromȱtheȱintestinalȱtractȱtoȱtheȱbloodstreamȱareȱthe A) HDLs. B) VLDLs. C) LDLs. D) chylomicrons. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Whenȱtheȱbodyȱisȱrelyingȱonȱinternalȱenergyȱreservesȱtoȱcontinueȱmeetingȱitsȱenergyȱdemands,ȱitȱisȱinȱthe A) postabsorptiveȱstate. B) absorptiveȱstate. C) starvationȱstate. D) deprivationȱstate. E) preabsorptiveȱstate. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Theȱmajorȱstepsȱinȱoxidativeȱphosphorylationȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) removalȱofȱhydrogenȱatomsȱfromȱaȱsubstrateȱmoleculeȱbyȱcoenzymes. B) ionizationȱofȱhydrogenȱatoms. C) increasingȱtheȱenergyȱlevelȱofȱelectronsȱpassingȱthroughȱtheȱelectronȱtransportȱchain. D) theȱbreakingȱofȱcarbon-carbonȱcovalentȱbonds. E) theȱacceptanceȱofȱelectronsȱbyȱoxygenȱatoms. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Inȱoxidativeȱphosphorylation,ȱenergyȱforȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱATPȱisȱdirectlyȱobtainedȱfrom A) theȱsplittingȱofȱoxygenȱmolecules. B) theȱbreakingȱofȱtheȱcovalentȱbondsȱinȱglucose. C) theȱmovementȱofȱhydrogenȱionsȱthroughȱchannelsȱinȱtheȱinnerȱmitochondrialȱmembrane. D) theȱcombinationȱofȱtwoȱatomsȱofȱhydrogenȱandȱoneȱatomȱofȱoxygenȱtoȱformȱwater. E) theȱoxidationȱofȱacetyl-CoA. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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81) Aȱdrugȱthatȱblocksȱtheȱactionȱofȱlipoproteinȱlipaseȱwould A) decreaseȱtheȱemulsifyingȱactionȱofȱbile. B) interfereȱwithȱtriglycerideȱutilization. C) prolongȱtheȱcirculationȱtimeȱofȱchylomicrons. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Catabolismȱofȱproteinȱisȱnotȱaȱpracticalȱsourceȱofȱquickȱenergyȱbecauseȱofȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ except that A) proteinsȱareȱmoreȱdifficultȱtoȱbreakȱapartȱthanȱlipidsȱorȱcarbohydrates. B) theȱenergyȱyieldȱfromȱproteinȱisȱlessȱthanȱtheȱyieldȱfromȱlipids. C) oneȱofȱtheȱby-productsȱofȱproteinȱcatabolismȱisȱammonia. D) mostȱindividualsȱhaveȱlittleȱproteinȱtoȱspareȱbeforeȱharmingȱvitalȱorgans. E) extensiveȱcatabolismȱofȱproteinȱthreatensȱhomeostasis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Compoundsȱthatȱcellsȱcanȱuseȱtoȱmakeȱglucoseȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ except A) acetyl-CoA B) glycerol C) aminoȱacids D) lacticȱacid E) pyruvicȱacid Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

84) Aȱgrowingȱchildȱisȱinȱaȱstateȱof A) nitrogenȱequilibrium. B) positiveȱnitrogenȱbalance. C) negativeȱnitrogenȱbalance. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

85) Inadequateȱexposureȱtoȱsunlightȱcouldȱresultȱinȱdecreasedȱamountsȱofȱvitaminȱ________ȱinȱtheȱbody. A) A B) B12ȱ C) C D) D E) E Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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86) Impairedȱfatȱabsorptionȱinȱtheȱintestineȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱtheȱabsorptionȱof A) vitaminȱA. B) vitaminȱB12. C) vitaminȱC. D) niacin. E) riboflavin. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱindividualsȱwouldȱhaveȱtheȱgreater BMR? A) aȱnursingȱmotherȱ34ȱyearsȱold B) aȱnon-nursingȱwomanȱ34ȱyearsȱold C) Onȱaverage,ȱtheyȱwillȱbeȱequal. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

88) Twoȱindividualsȱareȱtheȱsameȱage,ȱsex,ȱandȱethnicȱbackground.ȱWhileȱbeingȱtestedȱforȱtheirȱBMR,ȱBillȱconsumes 20ȱlitersȱofȱoxygen/hourȱandȱRandyȱconsumesȱ16ȱlitersȱofȱoxygen/hour.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱtwoȱneedsȱtoȱconsume moreȱcaloriesȱinȱorderȱtoȱmaintainȱproperȱhealthȱandȱconstantȱweight? A) Bill B) Randy C) neitherȱBillȱnorȱRandy Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱindividualsȱwouldȱloseȱheatȱfastest inȱaȱcoldȱroom? A) anȱadultȱman B) anȱadultȱwoman C) anȱadolescentȱmale D) aȱchild E) aȱnewbornȱinfant Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱfalseȱregardingȱbrownȱfat? A) isȱfoundȱinȱinfants B) functionsȱinȱnonshiveringȱthermogenesis C) containsȱaȱrichȱvascularȱsupply D) isȱinnervatedȱbyȱtheȱsympatheticȱnervousȱsystem E) isȱconcentratedȱaroundȱvisceralȱorgansȱinȱtheȱadult Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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91) Assumingȱtheyȱallȱweighȱtheȱsameȱandȱmaintainȱtheȱsameȱbodyȱtemperature,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwould loseȱheatȱfastest? A) aȱshort,ȱthicklyȱbuiltȱperson B) aȱtall,ȱveryȱslenderȱperson C) aȱpersonȱofȱaverageȱbuild Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Theȱchemicalȱequationȱthatȱcorrectlyȱsummarizesȱtheȱoverallȱreactionȱinȱoxidativeȱphosphorylationȱis A) H2 ȱ+ȱO 2 ȱ ȱH2 Oȱ+ȱO. B) 2ȱH 2 ȱ+ȱO 2 ȱ ȱ2ȱH2 O. C) 3ȱH 2 ȱ+ȱ2O2 ȱ ȱ3ȱH2 Oȱ+ȱ2ȱO. D) H2 ȱ+ȱO 2 ȱ ȱH2 O. E) Pȱ+ȱ3ȱOȱ ȱPO3. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Theȱfoodȱpyramidȱrecommendsȱmanyȱservingsȱaȱdayȱofȱdark -greenȱandȱorangeȱvegetables.ȱWhichȱvitaminȱis particularlyȱabundantȱinȱthisȱfoodȱgroup? A) A B) C C) E D) folicȱacid E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) Theȱheat-gainȱcenterȱforȱthermoregulation A) residesȱinȱtheȱpre-opticȱhypothalamus. B) activatesȱshiveringȱthermogenesis. C) activatesȱnonshiveringȱthermogenesis. D) activatesȱskinȱvasoconstriction. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) OnȱaȱtourȱofȱAfricanȱcountries,ȱDonȱcontractsȱaȱbadȱcaseȱofȱtravelerȇsȱdiarrhea.ȱBecauseȱheȱcanȇtȱeatȱveryȱmuch, hisȱbodyȱstartsȱtoȱuseȱenergyȱsourcesȱotherȱthanȱcarbohydrates.ȱThisȱwouldȱresultȱin A) increasedȱlevelsȱofȱureaȱinȱtheȱblood. B) ketosisȱandȱaȱdecreasedȱbloodȱpH. C) increasedȱgluconeogenesisȱinȱtheȱliver. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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96) Wallyȱdecidesȱtoȱgoȱonȱaȱhungerȱstrikeȱtoȱfurtherȱoneȱofȱhisȱfavoriteȱcauses.ȱAfterȱmanyȱdaysȱwithȱnothingȱbut waterȱyouȱwouldȱexpectȱtoȱobserve A) elevatedȱlevelsȱofȱglucocorticoids. B) ketoneȱbodiesȱinȱhisȱurine. C) elevatedȱbloodȱpH. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

Figureȱ25- 1ȱTheȱTCAȱCycle UseȱFigureȱ25- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 97) IdentifyȱtheȱmoleculeȱlabeledȱȈ1.Ȉ A) phosphoglycericȱacid B) citricȱacid C) pyruvicȱacid D) NADH E) FADH2ȱ Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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98) IdentifyȱtheȱmoleculeȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) hydrogenȱatoms B) citricȱacid C) NADH D) carbonȱdioxide E) FADH2ȱ Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

99) IdentifyȱtheȱsubstanceȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) hydrogenȱatoms B) citricȱacid C) 4ȱcarbonȱmolecule D) NADH E) FADH2 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

100) IdentifyȱtheȱmoleculeȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) hydrogenȱatoms B) citricȱacid C) 4ȱcarbonȱmolecule D) NADH E) FADH2 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) IdentifyȱtheȱmoleculeȱlabeledȱȈ5.Ȉ A) fumaricȱacid B) citricȱacid C) 4-carbonȱmolecule D) malicȱacid E) oxaloaceticȱacidȱ Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱprocessȱofȱsynthesizingȱglucoseȱfromȱnoncarbohydratesȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: gluconeogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱprocessȱofȱglycogenȱformationȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: glycogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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3) Fattyȱacidsȱthatȱareȱnecessaryȱforȱproperȱhealthȱbutȱcannotȱbeȱsynthesizedȱbyȱtheȱbodyȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: essentialȱfattyȱacids Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) ________ȱareȱlipoproteinsȱthatȱareȱformedȱwithinȱtheȱintestinalȱepitheliumȱtoȱtransferȱdietaryȱfatsȱinto circulation. Answer: Chylomicrons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) LipoproteinsȱthatȱareȱintermediateȱinȱsizeȱandȱlipidȱcompositionȱbetweenȱVLDLsȱandȱLDLsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: intermediate-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(IDLs) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Lipoproteinsȱthatȱcarryȱmostlyȱcholesterolȱtoȱperipheralȱtissuesȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: low-densityȱlipoproteinsȱ(LDLs) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Gluconeogenesisȱisȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱ________ȱfromȱnoncarbohydrateȱprecursors,ȱsuchȱasȱlacticȱacid,ȱglycerol,ȱor aminoȱacids. Answer: glucose Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) ________ȱisȱanȱunhealthyȱstateȱresultingȱfromȱinadequateȱintakeȱofȱoneȱorȱmoreȱnutrientsȱthatȱbecomes life-threateningȱasȱtheȱdeficienciesȱaccumulate. Answer: Malnutrition Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) A(n)ȱ________ȱcontainsȱallȱofȱtheȱingredientsȱnecessaryȱtoȱmaintainȱhomeostasis. Answer: balancedȱdiet Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) A(n)ȱ________ȱcontainsȱallȱofȱtheȱessentialȱaminoȱacids. Answer: completeȱprotein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) A(n)ȱ________ȱisȱdeficientȱinȱoneȱorȱmoreȱofȱtheȱessentialȱaminoȱacids. Answer: incompleteȱprotein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) ________ȱareȱinorganicȱionsȱreleasedȱthroughȱtheȱdissociationȱofȱelectrolytes. Answer: Minerals Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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13) Theȱenergyȱcontentȱofȱfoodsȱisȱcommonlyȱgivenȱinȱunitsȱofȱ________. Answer: kilocaloriesȱ(also,ȱkcalȱorȱCal) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱinheritedȱmetabolicȱdisorderȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱtheȱaccumulationȱofȱphenylketonesȱfromȱphenylalanineȱis ________. Answer: phenylketonuriaȱorȱPKU Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱ________ȱrepresentsȱtheȱminimumȱrestingȱenergyȱexpendituresȱofȱanȱawake,ȱalertȱindividual. Answer: basalȱmetabolicȱrateȱorȱBMR Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) ________ȱisȱtheȱhomeostaticȱprocessȱthatȱallowsȱusȱtoȱmaintainȱaȱconstantȱbodyȱtemperature. Answer: Thermoregulation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) ________ȱisȱtheȱdirectȱtransferȱofȱheatȱenergyȱfromȱoneȱobjectȱtoȱanother. Answer: Conduction Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) ________ȱisȱtheȱtransferȱofȱheatȱenergyȱbyȱemissionȱofȱphotons. Answer: Radiation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) ________ȱisȱtheȱlossȱofȱheatȱenergyȱbyȱvaporizingȱwater. Answer: Evaporation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) ________ȱcreatesȱ90ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱATPȱnormallyȱgenerated. Answer: Oxidativeȱphosphorylation Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Eatingȱdisordersȱareȱcommonȱamongȱgirlsȱandȱyoungȱwomen.ȱTheyȱresultȱfromȱaȱpsychologicalȱproblemȱthat causesȱinadequateȱorȱexcessiveȱfoodȱconsumption.ȱTwoȱmajorȱeatingȱdisordersȱareȱ________ȱandȱ________. Answer: anorexiaȱnervosa;ȱbulimia Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Fattyȱacidsȱandȱmanyȱaminoȱacidsȱcannotȱbeȱusedȱfor________,ȱbecauseȱtheirȱcatabolicȱpathwaysȱproduce acetyl-CoA. Answer: gluconeogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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23) Accordingȱtoȱtheȱfoodȱpyramid,ȱthereȱareȱ________ȱbasicȱfoodȱgroups. Answer: 5ȱ(orȱfive) Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions

1) Mitochondriaȱareȱnotȱpickyȱmetabolizers.ȱTheyȱwillȱacceptȱacetyl -CoAȱfromȱanyȱmetabolicȱsource. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) CatabolismȱwithinȱmitochondriaȱprovidesȱmostȱofȱtheȱATPȱneededȱtoȱsustainȱcellȱfunctions. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Ketosisȱdevelopsȱinȱtheȱpostabsorptiveȱstate.ȱWhatȱisȱketosis?ȱWhyȱdoesȱitȱdevelop?ȱWhatȱmetabolicȱeffects doesȱitȱhave? Answer: Ketosisȱisȱaȱhighȱconcentrationȱofȱketoneȱbodiesȱinȱbodyȱfluids.ȱKetoneȱbodiesȱareȱmetabolitesȱwithȱthe ketoneȱgroupȱthatȱformȱduringȱstarvationȱstates.ȱWhenȱglucoseȱlevelsȱareȱlow,ȱtheȱliverȱturnsȱtoȱfatsȱand aminoȱacidsȱtoȱmakeȱenergy.ȱThisȱproducesȱmuchȱacetyl-CoAȱ,whichȱleadsȱtoȱproductionȱofȱketone bodies.ȱBecauseȱmostȱketoneȱbodiesȱareȱacidic,ȱtheyȱlowerȱtheȱpHȱofȱbodyȱfluids,ȱbringingȱonȱ acidosis.ȱIf severe,ȱtheȱketosisȱandȱacidosisȱcanȱinjureȱtheȱCNS,ȱheart,ȱandȱotherȱorgans.ȱInȱextremeȱcases,ȱdeathȱcan result. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whatȱhappensȱduringȱproteinȱcatabolism?ȱHowȱisȱthisȱrelatedȱtoȱnitrogenȱbalance? Answer: Proteinȱcatabolismȱisȱtheȱbreakdownȱofȱproteinsȱbyȱcellularȱproteasesȱandȱpeptidasesȱintoȱconstituent aminoȱacids.ȱTheseȱaminoȱacidsȱcanȱbeȱeitherȱreusedȱforȱproteinȱsynthesisȱ(anabolism)ȱorȱbrokenȱdown viaȱdeaminationȱandȱusedȱtoȱmakeȱglucoseȱorȱdirectlyȱusedȱinȱtheȱTCAȱcycleȱtoȱmakeȱenergy. Deaminationȱremovesȱtheȱnitrogenȱgroupȱfromȱtheȱaminoȱacid,ȱwhichȱisȱthenȱexcretedȱasȱammoniaȱor urea.ȱThisȱisȱaȱnegativeȱnitrogenȱbalance. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) WhyȱisȱtheȱTCAȱcycleȱcalledȱaȱcycle?ȱWhatȱsubstancesȱenterȱtheȱcycle,ȱandȱwhatȱsubstancesȱleaveȱit? Answer: TheȱTCAȱreactionȱsequenceȱisȱaȱcycleȱbecauseȱtheȱfour-carbonȱstartingȱcompoundȱ(oxaloaceticȱacid)ȱis regeneratedȱatȱtheȱend.ȱAcetyl-CoAȱandȱoxaloaceticȱacidȱbeginȱtheȱcycleȱbyȱcombiningȱtoȱformȱcitric acid,ȱandȱthenȱinȱaȱseriesȱofȱstepsȱCO 2 ,ȱNADH,ȱATP,ȱandȱFADH2 ȱareȱreleasedȱandȱoxaloaceticȱacidȱis regeneratedȱtoȱbeginȱtheȱcycleȱagain. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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4) Brieflyȱoutlineȱtheȱroleȱofȱtheȱliverȱinȱglucoseȱmetabolism. Answer: Duringȱtheȱabsorptiveȱstate,ȱunderȱinsulinȱcontrol,ȱtheȱliverȱtakesȱinȱglucoseȱandȱconvertsȱitȱtoȱglycogen, theȱinertȱstorageȱform.ȱInȱtheȱpostabsorptiveȱstate,ȱtheȱliverȱreleasesȱglucoseȱintoȱtheȱcirculationȱto maintainȱhomeostasis.ȱTheȱglucoseȱcomesȱfromȱtheȱglycogenolysisȱorȱgluconeogenesis.ȱAdditionally,ȱthe liverȱconvertsȱlacticȱacidȱreleasedȱfromȱskeletalȱmuscleȱbackȱintoȱglucose.ȱEpinephrine,ȱgrowthȱhormone, glucagon,ȱglucocorticoids,ȱandȱotherȱhormonesȱtriggerȱglucoseȱrelease. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

5) Listȱandȱbrieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱbodyȇsȱfiveȱmetabolicȱcomponents. Answer: Theȱbodyȱhasȱfiveȱmetabolicȱcomponents:ȱtheȱliver,ȱadiposeȱtissue,ȱskeletalȱmuscle,ȱneuralȱtissue,ȱand otherȱperipheralȱtissues.ȱTheȱliverȱisȱtheȱfocalȱpointȱforȱmetabolicȱregulationȱandȱcontrol.ȱAdiposeȱtissue storesȱlipids,ȱprimarilyȱinȱtheȱformȱofȱtriglycerides.ȱSkeletalȱmuscleȱcontainsȱsubstantialȱglycogen reserves,ȱandȱtheȱcontractileȱproteinsȱcanȱbeȱdegradedȱandȱtheȱaminoȱacidsȱusedȱasȱanȱenergyȱsource. Neuralȱtissueȱdoesȱnotȱcontainȱenergyȱreserves;ȱglucoseȱmustȱbeȱsuppliedȱtoȱitȱforȱenergy.ȱOther peripheralȱtissuesȱareȱableȱtoȱmetabolizeȱglucose,ȱfattyȱacids,ȱorȱotherȱsubstratesȱunderȱtheȱdirectionȱof theȱendocrineȱsystem. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

6) Theȱdrugȱcolestipolȱbindsȱbileȱsaltsȱinȱtheȱintestine,ȱformingȱcomplexesȱthatȱcannotȱbeȱabsorbed.ȱHowȱwould thisȱdrugȱaffectȱcholesterolȱlevelsȱinȱblood? Answer: Colestipolȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱaȱdecreaseȱinȱtheȱplasmaȱlevelsȱofȱcholesterol.ȱSinceȱtheȱbileȱsaltsȱareȱboundȱthey areȱnotȱavailableȱforȱreabsorptionȱinȱtheȱlargeȱintestineȱandȱrecyclingȱtoȱcholesterolȱinȱtheȱliverȱandȱso willȱbeȱlostȱinȱtheȱfeces.ȱThisȱdeprivesȱtheȱbodyȱofȱaȱmajorȱsourceȱofȱcholesterolȱandȱtheȱlossȱwillȱneedȱto beȱmadeȱupȱbyȱincreasedȱliverȱsynthesis.ȱOverall,ȱaȱdropȱinȱcirculatingȱcholesterolȱwillȱresult. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ26 TheȱUrinaryȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱurinaryȱsystemȱdoesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱit A) excretesȱexcessȱalbumenȱmolecules. B) regulatesȱbloodȱvolume. C) contributesȱtoȱstabilizingȱbloodȱpH. D) eliminatesȱorganicȱwasteȱproducts. E) regulatesȱplasmaȱconcentrationsȱofȱelectrolytes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Urineȱisȱeliminatedȱthroughȱthe A) liver. B) urinaryȱbladder. C) kidney. D) ureter. E) urethra. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Urineȱisȱcarriedȱtoȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱby A) bloodȱvessels. B) lymphatics. C) theȱureters. D) theȱurethra. E) theȱcalyces. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgansȱisȱpartȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱsystem,ȱ except the A) kidney. B) urinaryȱbladder. C) rectum. D) ureter. E) urethra. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱkidneys,ȱexcept thatȱtheyȱare A) locatedȱinȱaȱpositionȱthatȱisȱretroperitoneal. B) surroundedȱbyȱaȱfibrousȱcapsule. C) locatedȱpartlyȱwithinȱtheȱpelvicȱcavity. D) heldȱinȱplaceȱbyȱtheȱrenalȱfascia. E) coveredȱbyȱperitoneum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱprominentȱindentationȱonȱtheȱmedialȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱkidneyȱisȱthe A) calyx. B) pelvis. C) ureter. D) hilum. E) pyramid. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱrenalȱsinusȱis A) theȱinnermostȱlayerȱofȱkidneyȱtissue. B) partȱofȱaȱrenalȱpyramid. C) anȱinternalȱcavityȱlinedȱbyȱtheȱfibrousȱcapsule. D) aȱlargeȱbranchȱofȱtheȱrenalȱpelvis. E) aȱrenalȱcorpuscle. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱoutermostȱlayerȱofȱtheȱkidneyȱisȱthe A) renalȱcortex. B) renalȱmedulla. C) majorȱcalyx. D) fibrousȱcapsule. E) renalȱpelvis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱcavityȱofȱtheȱkidneyȱthatȱreceivesȱurineȱfromȱtheȱcalycesȱisȱcalledȱthe A) renalȱpapilla. B) renalȱpelvis. C) renalȱmedulla. D) renalȱcortex. E) renalȱsinus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Triangularȱorȱconicalȱstructuresȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱrenalȱmedullaȱareȱcalled A) pyramids. B) renalȱcolumns. C) renalȱpelvises. D) nephrons. E) calyces. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Renalȱcolumnsȱare A) internalȱcavitiesȱlinedȱbyȱtheȱfibrousȱcapsule. B) expandedȱendsȱofȱtheȱureters. C) theȱbasicȱfunctionalȱunitsȱofȱtheȱkidney. D) bundlesȱofȱtissueȱthatȱextendȱbetweenȱpyramidsȱfromȱtheȱcortex. E) conicalȱstructuresȱthatȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱrenalȱmedulla. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱexpandedȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱureterȱconnectsȱtoȱthe A) renalȱsinus. B) renalȱpelvis. C) renalȱcalyx. D) renalȱhilum. E) renalȱcorpuscle. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Majorȱcalycesȱare A) largeȱbranchesȱofȱtheȱrenalȱpelvis. B) expandedȱendsȱofȱnephrons. C) basicȱfunctionalȱlayersȱofȱtheȱkidney. D) conicalȱstructuresȱthatȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱrenalȱmedulla. E) theȱexpandedȱendsȱofȱrenalȱpyramids. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Glomerularȱ(Bowmanȇs)ȱcapsuleȱandȱtheȱglomerulusȱmakeȱupȱthe A) renalȱpyramid. B) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). C) renalȱcorpuscle. D) renalȱpapilla. E) collectingȱtubuleȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱregionȱknownȱasȱtheȱmaculaȱdensaȱisȱpartȱof A) theȱproximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. B) theȱdistalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) theȱcollectingȱduct. D) theȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). E) Glomerularȱ(Bowmanȇs)ȱcapsule. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱcellsȱofȱtheȱmaculaȱdensaȱandȱtheȱjuxtaglomerularȱcellsȱformȱthe A) renalȱcorpuscle. B) filtrationȱmembrane. C) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). D) juxtaglomerularȱcomplex. E) afferentȱarteriole. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱimportantȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱkidney? A) controlȱofȱtotalȱbodyȱwater B) controlȱofȱtheȱelectrolyteȱcompositionȱofȱtheȱblood C) excretionȱofȱexcessȱalbumen D) controlȱofȱproductionȱofȱredȱbloodȱcellsȱbyȱboneȱmarrow E) regulationȱofȱbloodȱpressure Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Aȱglomerulusȱis A) theȱexpandedȱendȱofȱaȱnephron. B) aȱknotȱofȱcapillariesȱwithinȱtheȱrenalȱcorpuscle. C) theȱsourceȱofȱerythropoietin. D) attachedȱtoȱtheȱcollectingȱduct. E) theȱhorseshoe-shapedȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱnephron. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱurineȱfirstȱpassesȱfromȱtheȱglomerularȱcapsuleȱtoȱthe A) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). B) proximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule. D) collectingȱduct. E) minorȱcalyx. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱnephronȱthatȱemptiesȱintoȱtheȱcollectingȱductȱisȱthe A) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). B) proximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule. D) papillaryȱtubule. E) calyx. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) TheȱU-shapedȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱnephronȱisȱthe A) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). B) proximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule. D) collectingȱloop. E) minorȱcalyx. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱprimaryȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱproximalȱconvolutedȱtubuleȱis A) filtration. B) absorptionȱofȱions,ȱorganicȱmolecules,ȱvitamins,ȱandȱwater. C) secretionȱofȱacidsȱandȱammonia. D) secretionȱofȱdrugs. E) adjustingȱtheȱurineȱvolume. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱtheȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱcarryȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱkidney. 1.ȱafferentȱarteriole 2.ȱarcuateȱartery 3.ȱinterlobarȱartery 4.ȱrenalȱartery 5.ȱglomerulus 6.ȱcorticalȱradiateȱartery 7.ȱefferentȱarteriole 8.ȱperitubularȱcapillary Theȱproperȱorderȱinȱwhichȱbloodȱpassesȱthroughȱtheseȱvesselsȱis A) 4,ȱ6,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ7,ȱ8. B) 4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ7,ȱ8. C) 4,ȱ3,ȱ2,ȱ6,ȱ7,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ8. D) 4,ȱ6,ȱ2,ȱ3,ȱ7,ȱ5,ȱ1,ȱ8. E) 4,ȱ3,ȱ6,ȱ2,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ7,ȱ8. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

24) Theȱprocessȱofȱfiltrationȱoccursȱat A) theȱproximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. B) theȱdistalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) theȱcollectingȱduct. D) theȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). E) theȱglomerularȱ(Bowmanȇs)ȱcapsule. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱfiltrationȱbarrierȱinȱtheȱrenalȱcorpuscleȱconsistsȱofȱthreeȱlayers: A) filtrationȱslits,ȱfootȱprocesses,ȱandȱslitȱpores. B) fenestrations,ȱmatrix,ȱandȱfootȱprocesses. C) endotheliumȱofȱglomerulus,ȱdenseȱlayerȱofȱglomerulus,ȱandȱpodocyteȱfiltrationȱslits. D) denseȱlayerȱofȱglomerulus,ȱfootȱprocesses,ȱandȱfenestrationsȱinȱtheȱcapsule. E) podocyteȱfiltrationȱslits,ȱmatrixȱcellsȱinȱtheȱglomerulus,ȱandȱendotheliumȱofȱglomerulus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱnormalȱconstituentȱofȱurine,ȱexceptȱ A) hydrogenȱions. B) urea. C) proteins. D) aminoȱacids. E) creatinine. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱglomeruliȱareȱbestȱdescribedȱasȱbeingȱtuftsȱof A) arteries. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) arterioles. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Substancesȱlargerȱthanȱ________ȱareȱnormallyȱnot allowedȱtoȱpassȱthroughȱtheȱfiltrationȱmembrane. A) sodiumȱions B) glucose C) albumin D) aminoȱacids E) urea Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Sympatheticȱstimulationȱofȱtheȱkidneyȱcanȱdoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) produceȱpowerfulȱvasoconstrictionȱofȱtheȱafferentȱarterioles. B) increaseȱtheȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱrate. C) triggerȱreninȱrelease. D) produceȱrenalȱischemia. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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30) Theȱprocessȱofȱfiltrationȱisȱdrivenȱby A) activeȱtransport. B) bloodȱosmoticȱpressure. C) bloodȱhydrostaticȱpressure. D) renalȱpumping. E) solventȱdrag. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱabilityȱtoȱformȱaȱconcentratedȱurineȱdependsȱonȱtheȱfunctionsȱof A) theȱproximalȱconvolutedȱtubule. B) theȱdistalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) theȱcollectingȱduct. D) theȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Tubularȱreabsorptionȱinvolvesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) activeȱtransport. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) cotransport. D) countertransport. E) stemȱcellȱmovements. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) ReabsorptionȱofȱfilteredȱglucoseȱfromȱtheȱlumenȱinȱtheȱPCTȱisȱlargelyȱbyȱmeansȱof A) diffusion. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) activeȱtransport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) SecretionȱofȱhydrogenȱionȱbyȱtheȱPCTȱisȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱof A) diffusion. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) activeȱtransport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱrenalȱpapilla? A) releasesȱrenin B) createsȱhighȱinterstitialȱNaClȱconcentration C) finalȱurineȱentersȱhere D) initialȱfiltrateȱentersȱhere E) tipȱofȱtheȱmedullaryȱpyramid Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Chlorideȱionȱisȱreabsorbedȱinȱtheȱthickȱascendingȱlimbȱby A) simpleȱdiffusion. B) facilitatedȱdiffusion. C) activeȱtransport. D) cotransportȱwithȱNaȱandȱKȱions. E) countertransportȱforȱbicarbonateȱion. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱefferentȱarterioleȱofȱaȱnephronȱdividesȱtoȱformȱaȱnetworkȱofȱcapillariesȱwithinȱtheȱcortexȱcalledȱtheȱ________ capillaries. A) peritubular B) glomerular C) vasaȱrecta D) cortical E) efferent Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Substancesȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱdistalȱconvolutedȱtubuleȱinclude A) hydrogenȱandȱpotassiumȱions. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle)? A) reliesȱonȱcountercurrentȱmultiplication B) createsȱhighȱinterstitialȱNaClȱconcentration C) enablesȱproductionȱofȱhypertonicȱurine D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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40) WhenȱtheȱlevelȱofȱADHȱ(antidiureticȱhormone)ȱdecreases, A) moreȱurineȱisȱproduced. B) lessȱurineȱisȱproduced. C) theȱosmolarityȱofȱtheȱurineȱdecreases. D) bothȱAȱandȱC E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Inȱresponseȱtoȱincreasedȱlevelsȱofȱaldosterone,ȱtheȱkidneysȱproduce A) aȱlargerȱvolumeȱofȱurine. B) urineȱwithȱaȱhigherȱconcentrationȱofȱsodiumȱions. C) urineȱwithȱaȱlowerȱconcentrationȱofȱpotassiumȱions. D) urineȱwithȱaȱlowerȱconcentrationȱofȱsodiumȱions. E) urineȱwithȱlessȱglucose. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Theȱuretersȱandȱurinaryȱbladderȱareȱlinedȱbyȱ________ȱepithelium. A) stratifiedȱsquamous B) pseudostratifiedȱcolumnar C) simpleȱcuboidal D) transitional E) simpleȱcolumnar Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Theȱdetrusorȱmuscle A) movesȱurineȱalongȱtheȱuretersȱbyȱperistalsis. B) compressesȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱandȱexpelsȱurineȱthroughȱtheȱurethra. C) functionsȱasȱtheȱinternalȱurinaryȱsphincter. D) functionsȱasȱtheȱexternalȱurinaryȱsphincter. E) surroundsȱtheȱrenalȱpelvis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Duringȱtheȱmicturitionȱreflex, A) stimulationȱofȱstretchȱreceptorsȱinȱtheȱbladderȱwallȱsendsȱimpulsesȱtoȱtheȱsacralȱcord. B) parasympatheticȱmotorȱneuronsȱthatȱcontrolȱtheȱdetrusorȱmuscleȱbecomeȱactive. C) theȱinternalȱsphincterȱisȱconsciouslyȱrelaxed. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Changesȱthatȱoccurȱinȱtheȱurinaryȱsystemȱwithȱagingȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) aȱdeclineȱinȱtheȱnumberȱofȱfunctionalȱnephrons. B) aȱreductionȱinȱtheȱGFRȱ(glomerularȱfiltrationȱrate). C) increasedȱsensitivityȱtoȱADH. D) problemsȱwithȱtheȱmicturitionȱreflex. E) lossȱofȱsphincterȱmuscleȱtonus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorganȱsystemsȱexcretesȱwastesȱtoȱsomeȱdegree,ȱ except theȱ________ȱsystem. A) urinary B) integumentary C) digestive D) endocrine E) respiratory Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Bloodȱleavesȱtheȱglomerulusȱthroughȱaȱbloodȱvesselȱcalledȱthe A) afferentȱarteriole. B) efferentȱarteriole. C) vasaȱrecta. D) interlobularȱarteriole. E) renalȱvein. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Functionsȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱsystemȱinclude A) regulationȱofȱbloodȱvolumeȱandȱbloodȱpressure. B) regulationȱofȱplasmaȱconcentrationȱofȱcertainȱions. C) helpingȱtoȱstabilizeȱbloodȱpH. D) conservationȱofȱvaluableȱnutrients. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱleftȱkidneyȱliesȱ________ȱtoȱtheȱrightȱkidney. A) inferior B) superior C) posterior D) transverse E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Theȱpositionȱofȱtheȱkidneysȱinȱtheȱabdominalȱcavityȱisȱstabilizedȱby A) theȱoverlyingȱperitoneum. B) contactȱwithȱadjacentȱvisceralȱorgans. C) supportingȱconnectiveȱtissues. D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

51) Theȱconditionȱcalledȱ________ȱisȱespeciallyȱdangerousȱbecauseȱtheȱuretersȱorȱrenalȱbloodȱvesselsȱcanȱbecome twistedȱorȱkinkedȱduringȱmovement. A) polycysticȱkidneyȱdisease B) floatingȱkidney C) pyelonephritis D) renalȱcalculi E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱcalyx? A) releasesȱrenin B) createsȱhighȱinterstitialȱNaClȱconcentration C) finalȱurineȱentersȱhere D) initialȱfiltrateȱentersȱhere E) tipȱofȱtheȱmedullaryȱpyramid Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Typicalȱrenalȱbloodȱflowȱisȱaboutȱ________ȱml/minȱunderȱrestingȱconditions. A) 500 B) 800 C) 1200 D) 1800 E) 2500 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Approximatelyȱ________ȱlitersȱofȱglomerularȱfiltrateȱenterȱglomerularȱcapsulesȱeachȱday. A) 480 B) 180 C) 125 D) 18 E) 1.8 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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55) Theȱ________ȱdeliversȱurineȱtoȱaȱminorȱcalyx. A) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle) B) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule C) papillaryȱduct D) renalȱcorpuscle E) ureter Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

56) Theȱfiltrationȱofȱplasmaȱtakesȱplaceȱinȱthe A) nephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). B) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule. C) papillaryȱduct. D) renalȱcorpuscle. E) ureter. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Autoregulationȱofȱtheȱrateȱofȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱhasȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱproperties? A) dependsȱonȱchangesȱinȱtheȱafferentȱarteriole B) maintainsȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱoverȱaȱwideȱrangeȱofȱbloodȱpressures C) dependsȱonȱchangesȱinȱtheȱefferentȱarteriole D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Theȱkidneysȱnotȱonlyȱremoveȱwasteȱproductsȱfromȱtheȱblood,ȱtheyȱalsoȱassistȱinȱtheȱregulationȱof A) bloodȱvolume. B) bloodȱpH. C) bloodȱpressure. D) bloodȱionȱlevels. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

59) ________ȱisȱanȱinflammatoryȱdisorderȱofȱtheȱglomeruliȱthatȱaffectsȱtheȱfiltrationȱmechanismȱofȱtheȱkidneys. A) Glomerulonephritis B) Floatingȱkidney C) Polycysticȱkidneyȱdisease D) Pyelonephrosis E) Kidneyȱstones Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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60) Glomerulonephritisȱmayȱoccurȱasȱaȱconsequenceȱofȱanȱinfectionȱwithȱtheȱbacterium A) Clostridiumȱdifficile. B) varicella. C) Streptococcus. D) MRSA. E) anyȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

61) Underȱnormalȱconditions,ȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱdependsȱonȱthreeȱmainȱpressures: 1)ȱbloodȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱ 2)ȱcapsularȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱ 3)ȱcapsularȱcolloidȱosmoticȱpressureȱ 4)ȱbloodȱcolloidȱosmoticȱpressureȱ 5)ȱurinaryȱbladderȱhydrostaticȱpressure A) 1,ȱ2,ȱandȱ3ȱareȱcorrect. B) 2,ȱ3,ȱandȱ4ȱareȱcorrect. C) 3,ȱ4,ȱandȱ5ȱareȱcorrect. D) 1,ȱ2,ȱandȱ4ȱareȱcorrect. E) 2,ȱ4,ȱandȱ5ȱareȱcorrect. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

62) Theȱrenalȱthresholdȱforȱglucoseȱisȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱmg/dl. A) 75 B) 90 C) 100 D) 140 E) 180 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱformulasȱwillȱallowȱyouȱtoȱcalculateȱcorrectlyȱtheȱnetȱfiltrationȱpressureȱ(FP)?ȱ(Hint: CsHPȱisȱcapsularȱhydrostaticȱpressure.) A) FPȱ=ȱBHPȱ+ȱCsHPȱ-ȱBCOP B) FPȱ=ȱBHPȱ-ȱ(CsHPȱ+ȱBCOP) C) FPȱ=ȱCsHPȱ+ȱBHPȱ-ȱBCOP D) FPȱ=ȱBCOPȱ-ȱBHPȱ+ȱCsHP E) FPȱ=ȱBCOPȱ+ȱ(BHPȱ-ȱCsHP) Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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64) Oneȱmechanismȱtheȱkidneyȱusesȱtoȱraiseȱsystemicȱbloodȱpressureȱisȱto A) increaseȱsecretionȱofȱreninȱbyȱtheȱjuxtaglomerularȱcomplex. B) decreaseȱsecretionȱofȱaldosterone. C) increaseȱreleaseȱofȱangiotensinȱIIȱbyȱtheȱsuprarenalȱglands. D) increaseȱfiltrationȱintoȱglomerularȱ(Bowmanȇs)ȱcapsule. E) decreaseȱurinaryȱalbuminȱconcentration. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) ________ȱisȱanȱinheritedȱabnormalityȱthatȱaffectsȱtheȱdevelopmentȱandȱstructureȱofȱkidneyȱtubules. A) Glomerulonephritis B) Polycysticȱkidneyȱdisease C) Calculus D) Renalȱfailure E) Hematuria Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Agentsȱthatȱincreaseȱurineȱexcretionȱareȱknownȱas A) diuretics. B) muscarinicȱantagonists. C) alpha-1ȱantagonists. D) calciumȱchannelȱblockers. E) ADHȱagonists. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Anȱinabilityȱofȱtheȱkidneysȱtoȱexcreteȱadequatelyȱtoȱmaintainȱhomeostasisȱis A) glomerulonephritis. B) polycysticȱkidneyȱdisease. C) calculi. D) renalȱfailure. E) hematuria. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Asȱtheȱfiltrateȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱrenalȱtubules,ȱapproximatelyȱwhatȱpercentageȱisȱreabsorbedȱandȱreturnedȱto theȱcirculation? A) 1 B) 38 C) 63 D) 74 E) 99 Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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69) Urineȱpasses,ȱinȱtheȱorderȱgiven,ȱthroughȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstructures? A) collectingȱduct,ȱrenalȱpelvis,ȱurethra,ȱbladder,ȱureter B) renalȱpelvis,ȱcollectingȱduct,ȱbladder,ȱureter,ȱurethra C) collectingȱduct,ȱrenalȱpelvis,ȱureter,ȱbladder,ȱurethra D) renalȱpelvis,ȱurethra,ȱbladder,ȱureter,ȱcollectingȱduct E) collectingȱduct,ȱureter,ȱrenalȱpelvis,ȱurethra,ȱbladder Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

70) Theȱmajorityȱofȱglomeruliȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱofȱtheȱkidney. A) vasaȱrecta B) medulla C) cortex D) pelvis E) calyces Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

71) Theȱurinaryȱsystemȱregulatesȱbloodȱvolumeȱandȱpressureȱby A) adjustingȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱwaterȱlostȱinȱurine. B) releasingȱerythropoietin. C) releasingȱrenin. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

72) Normally,ȱallȱtheȱglucoseȱfilteredȱbyȱtheȱglomeruliȱisȱreabsorbedȱbyȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcollectingȱtubules,ȱbutȱthereȱisȱa limitȱcalledȱtheȱtransportȱmaximumȱ(T max). A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱfalse. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

73) Theȱmechanismȱforȱproducingȱaȱconcentratedȱurineȱinvolves A) theȱsecretionȱofȱantidiureticȱhormoneȱ(ADH)ȱbyȱtheȱneurohypophysis. B) aquaporinsȱbeingȱinsertedȱintoȱtheȱmembranesȱofȱtheȱcollectingȱductȱcells. C) aȱhighȱconcentrationȱofȱNAClȱinȱtheȱinterstitialȱfluidȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱcollectingȱducts. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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74) Whichȱofȱtheseȱcomponentsȱofȱtheȱnephronȱisȱlargelyȱconfinedȱtoȱtheȱrenalȱmedulla? A) glomerularȱ(Bowmanȇs)ȱcapsule B) distalȱconvolutedȱtubule C) collectingȱducts D) proximalȱconvolutedȱtubule E) glomerulus Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) Theȱkidneysȱareȱretroperitoneal,ȱandȱtheȱrenalȱarteriesȱbranchȱdirectlyȱoffȱtheȱabdominalȱaorta. A) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱpartȱofȱtheȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱpartȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱpartsȱofȱtheȱstatementȱareȱfalse. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

76) Measurementȱofȱtheȱfunctionsȱofȱaȱnephronȱrevealsȱaȱglomerularȱcapillaryȱpressureȱofȱ69ȱmmȱHg,ȱandȱa pressureȱinȱtheȱcapsularȱspaceȱofȱ15ȱmmȱHg.ȱAssumingȱthatȱtheȱcolloidȱosmoticȱpressureȱisȱ30ȱmmȱHg,ȱandȱthat essentiallyȱnoȱplasmaȱproteinsȱareȱfilteredȱbyȱtheȱglomerulus,ȱwhatȱisȱtheȱnetȱfiltrationȱpressureȱinȱthisȱcase? A) 30ȱmmȱHg B) 24ȱmmȱHg C) 69ȱmmȱHg D) 84ȱmmȱHg E) 99ȱmmȱHg Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Theȱthickȱascendingȱlimbȱofȱtheȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle)ȱisȱalmostȱimpermeableȱtoȱwater,ȱbutȱreabsorbs sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱchlorideȱionsȱfromȱtheȱfiltrate). A) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱtrueȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱfalse. B) Theȱfirstȱstatementȱisȱfalseȱbutȱtheȱsecondȱstatementȱisȱtrue. C) Bothȱstatementsȱareȱtrue. D) Bothȱstatementsȱareȱfalse. E) Bothȱareȱtrueȱandȱrelateȱtoȱproductionȱofȱaȱdiluteȱurine. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) Aȱpatientȱexcretesȱaȱlargeȱvolumeȱofȱveryȱdiluteȱurineȱonȱaȱcontinuingȱbasis.ȱThisȱisȱmayȱbeȱdueȱto A) excessiveȱADHȱsecretion. B) absenceȱofȱADH. C) hematuricȱoliguria. D) overproductionȱofȱaldosterone. E) dilationȱofȱtheȱafferentȱarterioles. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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79) Renalȱbloodȱflowȱisȱabout A) 1ȱliter/min. B) 2ȱliter/min. C) 3ȱliter/min. D) 4ȱliter/min. E) 5ȱliter/min. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) theȱconcentrationȱofȱsoluteȱinȱtheȱfiltrateȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle) B) theȱconcentrationȱofȱsoluteȱinȱtheȱfiltrateȱatȱtheȱbottomȱofȱtheȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle) C) Theȱconcentrationsȱatȱtheȱtopȱandȱbottomȱareȱidentical. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) facultativeȱreabsorptionȱwhenȱtheȱbodyȱisȱhydrated B) facultativeȱreabsorptionȱwhenȱtheȱbodyȱisȱdehydrated C) Hydrationȱhasȱveryȱlittleȱeffectȱonȱtheȱmagnitudeȱofȱfacultativeȱreabsorption. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

82) Antidiureticȱhormone A) increasesȱtheȱpermeabilityȱofȱtheȱcollectingȱductsȱtoȱwater. B) isȱsecretedȱinȱresponseȱtoȱlowȱpotassiumȱionȱinȱtheȱblood. C) causesȱtheȱkidneysȱtoȱproduceȱaȱlargerȱvolumeȱofȱveryȱdiluteȱurine. D) isȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱanteriorȱpituitary. E) releaseȱisȱinsensitiveȱtoȱtheȱosmolarityȱofȱinterstitialȱfluid. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) Ifȱaȱurineȱsampleȱisȱdistinctlyȱyellowȱinȱcolor,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwillȱbeȱtrue? A) ItsȱpHȱisȱbelowȱnormal. B) Itȱwillȱhaveȱtheȱodorȱofȱammonia. C) Itȱwillȱcontainȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱurobilin. D) Itȱwillȱcontainȱexcessȱchlorideȱion. E) ItȱwillȱhaveȱaȱlowȱpH. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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84) Ifȱheavyȱexerciseȱreducesȱbloodȱflowȱtoȱtheȱkidneys,ȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmightȱoccur? A) lossȱofȱproteinȱinȱurine B) presenceȱofȱblood C) permanentȱkidneyȱinjury D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

85) Aȱdrugȱthatȱinhibitsȱangiotensinȱconvertingȱenzymeȱ(ACE)ȱmayȱleadȱto A) lessȱsecretionȱofȱaldosterone. B) increasedȱurinaryȱlossȱofȱsodium. C) reductionȱofȱbloodȱpressure. D) BȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ26- 1ȱTheȱStructureȱofȱtheȱKidney UseȱFigureȱ26- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 86) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) renalȱpelvis B) minorȱcalyx C) ureter D) majorȱcalyx E) renalȱcolumn Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

87) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) renalȱpelvis B) minorȱcalyx C) ureter D) majorȱcalyx E) renalȱcolumn Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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88) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ11.Ȉ A) renalȱpelvis B) minorȱcalyx C) ureter D) majorȱcalyx E) renalȱcolumn Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

89) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ9.Ȉ A) renalȱsinus B) fibrousȱcapsule C) renalȱpyramid D) renalȱpapilla E) renalȱcolumn Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

90) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) renalȱsinus B) fibrousȱcapsule C) renalȱpyramid D) renalȱpapilla E) renalȱcolumn Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ26- 2ȱTheȱNephron UseȱFigureȱ26- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 91) WhatȱphysiologicalȱprocessȱoccursȱatȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉ? A) reabsorption B) excretion C) secretion D) filtration E) micturition Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

92) Whereȱdoesȱcountercurrentȱmultiplicationȱoccur? A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 2 Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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93) Whereȱdoesȱmostȱnutrientȱreabsorptionȱoccur? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 6 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

94) WhichȱareaȱisȱsensitiveȱtoȱtheȱhormoneȱADH? A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5ȱandȱ6 E) 4,ȱ5,ȱandȱ6 Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

95) Whereȱwouldȱpenicillinȱbeȱsecreted? A) 6 B) 5 C) 4 D) 3 E) 3ȱandȱ4 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Urineȱisȱtemporarilyȱstoredȱinȱtheȱ________. Answer: urinaryȱbladder Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Urineȱisȱcarriedȱfromȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱtoȱtheȱoutsideȱofȱtheȱbodyȱbyȱtheȱ________. Answer: urethra Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Eightyȱpercentȱofȱnephronsȱinȱtheȱhumanȱkidneyȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱ________ȱandȱhaveȱshortȱnephronȱloops. Answer: cortex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Nephronsȱlocatedȱcloseȱtoȱtheȱmedullaȱwithȱlongȱnephronȱloopsȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: juxtamedullaryȱnephrons Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱcapillaryȱplexusȱthatȱparallelsȱtheȱnephronȱloopȱ(loopȱofȱHenle). Answer: vasaȱrecta Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱconcentrationȱatȱwhichȱallȱofȱtheȱcarriersȱforȱaȱgivenȱsubstanceȱareȱsaturatedȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: tubularȱmaximumȱorȱTmȱ Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱplasmaȱconcentrationȱatȱwhichȱaȱspecificȱcompoundȱwillȱbeginȱappearingȱinȱtheȱurine. Answer: renalȱthreshold Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱfiltrationȱpressureȱatȱtheȱglomerulusȱisȱequalȱtoȱ________. Answer: bloodȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱ —ȱcapsularȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱ —ȱbloodȱcolloidȱosmoticȱpressure Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱamountȱofȱfiltrateȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱkidneysȱeachȱminuteȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: GFRȱorȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱrate Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱprocessȱofȱ________ȱinvolvesȱaȱcarrierȱproteinȱthatȱcanȱtransportȱaȱmoleculeȱacrossȱtheȱcellȱmembraneȱdown itsȱconcentrationȱgradient. Answer: facilitatedȱdiffusion Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Aȱtransportȱmechanismȱthatȱcanȱmoveȱaȱsubstanceȱagainstȱaȱconcentrationȱgradientȱbyȱusingȱcellularȱenergyȱis ________. Answer: activeȱtransport Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Inȱtheȱprocessȱofȱ________ȱtwoȱsubstancesȱareȱmovedȱacrossȱaȱcellȱmembraneȱinȱtheȱsameȱdirectionȱwithout directlyȱusingȱcellularȱenergy.ȱOneȱofȱtheȱsubstancesȱcanȱbeȱmovedȱagainstȱaȱconcentrationȱgradientȱbyȱthis process. Answer: cotransport Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱareaȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱboundedȱbyȱtheȱopeningsȱofȱtheȱtwoȱuretersȱandȱtheȱurethraȱisȱcalledȱthe ________. Answer: trigone Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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14) Insolubleȱdepositsȱthatȱformȱwithinȱtheȱurinaryȱtractȱfromȱcalciumȱsalts,ȱmagnesiumȱsalts,ȱorȱuricȱacidȱareȱcalled kidneyȱstonesȱorȱrenalȱ________. Answer: calculi Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Theȱ________ȱtestȱisȱoftenȱusedȱtoȱestimateȱtheȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱrate. Answer: creatinineȱclearance Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

True/FalseȱQuestions 1) Glomerulonephritisȱisȱanȱimmuneȱcomplexȱdisorder. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱglomerularȱhydrostaticȱpressureȱisȱsignificantlyȱhigherȱthanȱtheȱcapsularȱhydrostaticȱpressure. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Whatȱisȱtheȱcreatinineȱclearanceȱtest?ȱHowȱcanȱitȱbeȱusedȱtoȱestimateȱGFR?ȱHowȱaccurateȱisȱit? Answer: Thisȱtestȱreliesȱonȱmeasuringȱtotalȱcreatinineȱexcretedȱinȱtheȱurineȱinȱ24ȱhoursȱandȱmeasuringȱtheȱplasma concentrationȱofȱcreatinine.ȱSinceȱessentiallyȱnoneȱofȱtheȱfilteredȱloadȱisȱreturnedȱtoȱbloodstream,ȱthe amountȱinȱtheȱurineȱrelatesȱdirectlyȱtoȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱbloodȱthatȱfilteredȱinȱtheȱglomeruli.ȱGFRȱcanȱbe calculatedȱbyȱdividingȱcreatinineȱexcretionȱrateȱ(mg/hr)ȱbyȱplasmaȱconcentrationȱofȱcreatinineȱ(g/dL)ȱto getȱtheȱGFRȱinȱdL/hour,ȱfromȱwhichȱtheȱper-minuteȱrateȱisȱcalculatedȱbyȱdividingȱbyȱ60.ȱTheȱtestȱisȱnot entirelyȱaccurateȱbecauseȱupȱtoȱ15ȱpercentȱofȱtheȱexcretedȱcreatinineȱentersȱtheȱurineȱbyȱtubularȱsecretion. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Physiciansȱoftenȱaskȱforȱurineȱsamplesȱcollectedȱoverȱaȱ24-hourȱperiod,ȱratherȱthanȱaȱsingleȱsample.ȱWhy? Answer: Oftenȱtheȱinformationȱneededȱforȱaȱdiagnosisȱisȱtheȱamountȱofȱaȱsubstanceȱbeingȱlostȱperȱdayȱandȱnot simplyȱitsȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱurine.ȱBecauseȱtheȱamountȱofȱwaterȱpresentȱinȱtheȱurineȱvariesȱthroughout theȱday,ȱtheȱonlyȱreliableȱwayȱtoȱestimateȱquantitiesȱperȱdayȱisȱmeasureȱbothȱaverageȱconcentration (g/ml)ȱandȱtheȱtotalȱvolumeȱ(ml/day).ȱTheȱproductȱofȱtheseȱtwoȱquantitiesȱisȱtheȱamountȱperȱdayȱ(g/day). Anȱexampleȱofȱaȱclinicalȱtestȱthatȱreliesȱonȱanalysisȱofȱaȱ24 -hourȱurineȱisȱtheȱcreatinineȱclearanceȱtest,ȱa measureȱofȱGFR. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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3) Listȱeachȱorganȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱsystemȱandȱconciselyȱdescribeȱitsȱfunction. Answer: Consistingȱofȱtheȱkidneys,ȱureters,ȱurinaryȱbladder,ȱandȱurethra,ȱtheȱurinaryȱsystemȱhasȱthreeȱprimary functions:ȱ(1)ȱexcretion,ȱtheȱremovalȱofȱorganicȱwasteȱproductsȱfromȱbodyȱfluids,ȱ(2)ȱelimination,ȱthe dischargeȱofȱtheseȱwasteȱproductsȱintoȱtheȱenvironment,ȱandȱ(3)ȱhomeostaticȱregulationȱofȱtheȱvolume andȱsoluteȱconcentrationȱofȱbloodȱplasma.ȱTheȱexcretoryȱandȱhomeostaticȱregulationȱfunctionsȱofȱthe urinaryȱsystemȱareȱperformedȱbyȱtheȱtwoȱkidneysȱthatȱproduceȱurine,ȱaȱfluidȱcontainingȱwater,ȱions,ȱand smallȱsolubleȱcompounds.ȱUrineȱleavingȱtheȱkidneysȱflowsȱalongȱpairedȱtubesȱcalledȱuretersȱtoȱthe urinaryȱbladder,ȱaȱmuscularȱsacȱforȱtemporaryȱstorageȱofȱurine.ȱOnȱbeingȱforcedȱoutȱofȱtheȱurinary bladder,ȱurineȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱurethraȱtoȱtheȱexterior.ȱTheȱurinaryȱbladderȱandȱtheȱurethraȱare responsibleȱforȱtheȱeliminationȱofȱurine,ȱaȱprocessȱcalledȱurinationȱorȱmicturition. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Inȱglomerulonephritis,ȱtheȱnormalȱfiltrationȱbarrierȱisȱdamagedȱandȱbecomesȱfarȱmoreȱpermeableȱtoȱplasma proteins,ȱsuchȱasȱalbuminȱalongȱwithȱotherȱsolutes.ȱHowȱwouldȱthatȱaffectȱglomerularȱfiltration? Answer: GFRȱwouldȱgoȱupȱforȱtwoȱreasons.ȱ(1)ȱTheȱleakageȱofȱproteinȱintoȱtheȱcapsularȱfiltrateȱwillȱlowerȱthe effectivenessȱofȱBCOPȱandȱthusȱraiseȱtheȱnetȱfiltrationȱpressure.ȱ(2)ȱFiltrationȱwillȱincreaseȱalsoȱbecauseȱof theȱincreasedȱleakinessȱofȱtheȱglomerulusȱtoȱwater,ȱions,ȱandȱotherȱsolutes.ȱAȱdistinctȱproteinuriaȱwill appear,ȱandȱtheȱlossȱofȱproteinȱwillȱlowerȱBCOP,ȱmakingȱmattersȱworseȱandȱpromotingȱedemaȱformation inȱtheȱperipheralȱtissues. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ27 Fluid,ȱElectrolyte,ȱandȱAcid- BaseȱBalance MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Intracellularȱfluidȱ(ICF)ȱisȱfoundȱonlyȱwithin A) bloodȱvessels. B) lymph. C) theȱcellsȱofȱtheȱbody. D) theȱinterstitialȱspace. E) theȱcerebrospinalȱfluid. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱextracellularȱfluidȱ(ECF)ȱconsistsȱofȱthe A) plasmaȱandȱlymph. B) interstitialȱfluid. C) cerebrospinalȱfluid. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱprincipalȱcationȱinȱintracellularȱfluidȱis A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) magnesium. E) chloride. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Whenȱwaterȱisȱlost,ȱbutȱelectrolytesȱareȱretained, A) theȱosmolarityȱofȱtheȱECFȱfalls. B) osmosisȱmovesȱwaterȱfromȱtheȱICFȱtoȱtheȱECF. C) bothȱtheȱECFȱandȱtheȱICFȱbecomeȱmoreȱdilute. D) thereȱisȱanȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱICF. E) bothȱBȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Whenȱpureȱwaterȱisȱconsumed, A) theȱECFȱbecomesȱhypertonicȱtoȱtheȱICF. B) aȱfluidȱshiftȱoccursȱandȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱICFȱdecreases. C) osmolaritiesȱofȱtheȱtwoȱfluidȱcompartmentsȱfall. D) theȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱECFȱdecreases. E) theȱvolumeȱofȱtheȱICFȱdecreases. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Consumingȱaȱmealȱhighȱinȱsaltȱwill A) drasticallyȱincreaseȱtheȱosmolarityȱofȱtheȱblood. B) resultȱinȱaȱtemporaryȱincreaseȱinȱbloodȱvolume. C) decreaseȱthirst. D) causeȱhypotension. E) activateȱtheȱrenin-angiotensinȱmechanism. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

7) Antidiureticȱhormone A) isȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱadenohypophysis. B) stimulatesȱwaterȱintake. C) stimulatesȱwaterȱconservationȱbyȱtheȱkidneys. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aldosterone A) isȱsecretedȱinȱresponseȱtoȱelevatedȱlevelsȱofȱpotassiumȱinȱtheȱblood. B) promotesȱsodiumȱretentionȱinȱtheȱkidneys. C) helpsȱdecreaseȱbloodȱvolumeȱandȱlowerȱbloodȱpressure. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwillȱstimulateȱthirst? A) dryingȱtheȱmucosaȱofȱtheȱmouthȱandȱpharynx B) angiotensinȱIIȱactingȱonȱtheȱhypothalamus C) anȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱosmoticȱpressureȱofȱinterstitialȱfluidȱwithinȱtheȱhypothalamus D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱionsȱinȱhighestȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱintracellularȱfluidȱare A) potassium,ȱchloride,ȱandȱbicarbonate. B) sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱbicarbonate. C) sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱcalcium. D) potassium,ȱhydrogen,ȱandȱchloride. E) proteins,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱphosphate. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱionsȱinȱhighestȱconcentrationȱinȱtheȱextracellularȱfluidȱare A) sodium,ȱchloride,ȱandȱbicarbonate. B) sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱbicarbonate. C) sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱcalcium. D) sodium,ȱhydrogen,ȱandȱchloride. E) sodium,ȱpotassium,ȱandȱphosphate. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Excessȱhydrogenȱionȱisȱeliminatedȱfromȱtheȱbodyȱlargelyȱby A) sweating. B) theȱkidneys. C) theȱliver. D) theȱfeces. E) buffers. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱamountȱofȱpotassiumȱexcretedȱbyȱtheȱkidneysȱisȱregulatedȱmainlyȱby A) ADH. B) aldosterone. C) parathormone. D) atrialȱnatriureticȱpeptides. E) glucocorticoids. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Calciumȱreabsorptionȱbyȱtheȱkidneysȱisȱpromotedȱbyȱtheȱhormone A) calcitonin. B) parathyroidȱhormone. C) aldosterone. D) cortisol. E) ADH. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Inȱaȱleanȱadultȱmale,ȱtheȱbodyȱconsistsȱofȱaboutȱ________ȱpercentȱwater. A) 60 B) 90 C) 40 D) 10 E) 80 Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱprimaryȱroleȱofȱtheȱcarbonic-acid-bicarbonateȱbufferȱsystemȱisȱto A) bufferȱstomachȱacid. B) bufferȱcarbonicȱacidȱformedȱbyȱcarbonȱdioxide. C) limitȱpHȱchangesȱcausedȱbyȱorganicȱandȱfixedȱacids. D) bufferȱtheȱurine. E) increaseȱventilation. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Aboutȱtwo-thirdsȱofȱtheȱbodyȱfluidȱisȱwithinȱcellsȱandȱisȱtermedȱ________ȱfluid. A) intracellular B) intercellular C) extracellular D) interstitial E) vital Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Hypoventilationȱleadsȱto A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Inȱresponseȱtoȱrespiratoryȱalkalosis,ȱthe A) respiratoryȱrateȱincreases. B) tidalȱvolumeȱincreases. C) kidneysȱconserveȱbicarbonate. D) kidneysȱsecreteȱmoreȱhydrogenȱions. E) kidneysȱretainȱmoreȱhydrogenȱions. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Prolongedȱvomitingȱcanȱresultȱin A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Aȱpersonȱwithȱemphysemaȱwillȱexhibitȱsignsȱof A) chronicȱrespiratoryȱacidosis. B) chronicȱrespiratoryȱalkalosis. C) acuteȱrespiratoryȱacidosis. D) chronicȱmetabolicȱacidosis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Aȱpersonȱwithȱpoorlyȱcontrolledȱdiabetesȱmellitusȱwillȱdevelop A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Aȱpatientȱonȱaȱventilatorȱsubjectedȱtoȱexcessiveȱminuteȱvolumeȱisȱatȱriskȱfor A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Aȱpersonȱwhoȱconsumesȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱsodiumȱbicarbonateȱ(ȈbakingȱsodaȈ)ȱtoȱsettleȱanȱupsetȱstomachȱrisks A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Severeȱkidneyȱdamageȱ(suchȱasȱglomerulonephritis)ȱoftenȱleadsȱto A) respiratoryȱacidosis. B) respiratoryȱalkalosis. C) metabolicȱacidosis. D) metabolicȱalkalosis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Substancesȱthatȱcanȱcarryȱelectricalȱcurrentȱacrossȱcellȱmembranesȱareȱcalled A) electrons. B) electrolytes. C) nonelectrolytes. D) osmoregulators. E) buffers. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Whichȱhormoneȱstimulatesȱtheȱthirstȱmechanism? A) ADH B) aldosterone C) BNP D) ANP E) epinephrine Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Inȱanȱadultȱfemale,ȱtheȱbodyȱconsistsȱofȱaboutȱ________ȱpercentȱwater. A) 60 B) 50 C) 40 D) 70 E) 80 Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) AllȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱcomponentsȱofȱECF,ȱexceptȱ A) cerebrospinalȱfluid. B) peritonealȱfluid. C) lymph. D) aqueousȱhumor. E) RBCs. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Whichȱhormoneȱplaysȱaȱcentralȱroleȱinȱdeterminingȱtheȱrateȱofȱsodiumȱreabsorptionȱandȱpotassiumȱsecretion? A) ADH B) aldosterone C) BNP D) ANP E) epinephrine Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) ExchangeȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱmainȱsubdivisionsȱofȱECFȱoccursȱprimarilyȱatȱthe A) veins. B) muscles. C) tissues. D) capillaries. E) arteries. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Whichȱhormone(s)ȱisȱreleasedȱbyȱheartȱmuscleȱinȱresponseȱtoȱexcessiveȱchamberȱvolume? A) ADH B) aldosterone C) PTH D) acetylcholine E) natriureticȱpeptides Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Aȱpatientȱwhoȱhasȱbeenȱbothȱvomitingȱandȱhavingȱdiarrheaȱisȱlosingȱ________ȱfromȱhisȱbody. A) water B) sodium C) bicarbonateȱion D) hydrogenȱion E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

34) Whichȱhormoneȱmostȱaffectsȱtheȱosmolarityȱofȱblood? A) ADH B) angiotensinȱII C) PTH D) ANP E) epinephrine Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Approximatelyȱ________ȱlitersȱofȱperitonealȱfluidȱareȱproducedȱandȱreabsorbedȱeachȱday. A) 10 B) 9 C) 15 D) 7 E) 20 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱmostȱcommonȱproblemsȱwithȱelectrolyteȱbalanceȱareȱcausedȱbyȱanȱimbalanceȱbetweenȱgainsȱandȱlossesȱof A) calciumȱions. B) chlorineȱions. C) potassiumȱions. D) sodiumȱions. E) electrons. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱreleaseȱofȱatrialȱnatureticȱpeptidesȱfromȱtheȱheartȱwillȱcauseȱtheȱbodyȱto A) conserveȱsodiumȱions. B) decreaseȱECF. C) excreteȱsodiumȱions. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

38) AngiotensinȱIIȱproducesȱaȱcoordinatedȱelevationȱinȱtheȱECFȱvolumeȱby A) stimulatingȱthirst. B) causingȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱADH. C) triggeringȱtheȱproductionȱandȱsecretionȱofȱaldosterone. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱfitsȱtheȱacid-baseȱdisorderȱmetabolicȱalkalosis? A) consequenceȱofȱhyperventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱfeverȱorȱmentalȱillness B) consequenceȱofȱprolongedȱvomiting C) consequenceȱofȱreducedȱalveolarȱventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱdueȱtoȱCOPD D) consequenceȱofȱtissueȱhypoxia,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱischemicȱconditions Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

40) AȱchemicalȱthatȱminimizesȱchangesȱinȱtheȱpHȱofȱaȱbodyȱfluidȱbyȱreleasingȱorȱbindingȱhydrogenȱionȱisȱcalled a(n) A) electrolyte. B) acid. C) alkali. D) compensation. E) buffer. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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41) Secretionȱofȱpotassiumȱintoȱtheȱurineȱis A) increasedȱbyȱaldosterone. B) associatedȱwithȱtheȱreabsorptionȱofȱsodiumȱfromȱtheȱdistalȱtubulesȱandȱcollectingȱducts. C) minimalȱbecauseȱtheȱhumanȱdietȱincludesȱveryȱlittleȱpotassium. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

42) Toȱreduceȱbrainȱswellingȱbyȱpullingȱwaterȱoutȱofȱbrainȱcells,ȱaȱsubstanceȱcanȱbeȱinjectedȱintravenouslyȱto increaseȱtheȱosmoticȱpressureȱofȱinterstitialȱfluid.ȱWhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱpropertiesȱcanȱthisȱsubstanceȱnotȱhave inȱorderȱtoȱbeȱeffective? A) permeableȱtoȱcapillaryȱendothelium B) nontoxicȱtoȱneurons C) permeableȱtoȱbrainȱplasmaȱmembranes D) impermeableȱtoȱbrainȱplasmaȱmembranes E) solubleȱinȱwater Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

43) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱfitsȱtheȱacid-baseȱdisorderȱrespiratoryȱacidosis? A) consequenceȱofȱhyperventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱfeverȱorȱmentalȱillness B) consequenceȱofȱprolongedȱvomiting C) consequenceȱofȱreducedȱalveolarȱventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱdueȱtoȱemphysema D) consequenceȱofȱtissueȱhypoxia,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱischemicȱconditions Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

44) WhenȱtheȱpHȱofȱtheȱextracellularȱfluidȱdrops,ȱthe A) kidneysȱexcreteȱmoreȱhydrogenȱions. B) kidneysȱexcreteȱmoreȱbicarbonateȱions. C) kidneysȱexcreteȱfewerȱbicarbonateȱions. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

45) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱfitsȱtheȱacid-baseȱdisorderȱrespiratoryȱalkalosis? A) consequenceȱofȱhyperventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱfeverȱorȱmentalȱillness B) consequenceȱofȱprolongedȱvomiting C) consequenceȱofȱreducedȱalveolarȱventilation,ȱforȱexampleȱdueȱtoȱCOPD D) consequenceȱofȱtissueȱhypoxia,ȱforȱexampleȱinȱischemicȱconditions Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) WillȱhyperventilationȱraiseȱorȱlowerȱpH? Answer: raise Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

2) Theȱprincipalȱionsȱinȱextracellularȱfluidȱareȱ________,ȱ________,ȱandȱ________. Answer: sodium;ȱchloride;ȱbicarbonate Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Homeostaticȱmechanismsȱthatȱmonitorȱandȱadjustȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱbodyȱfluidsȱrespondȱtoȱchangesȱinȱthe ________ȱfluid. Answer: extracellular Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) A(n)ȱ________ȱconsistsȱofȱaȱcombinationȱofȱaȱweakȱacidȱandȱitsȱassociatedȱanion. Answer: buffer Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) A(n)ȱ________ȱacidȱisȱanȱacidȱthatȱcanȱleaveȱsolutionȱandȱenterȱtheȱatmosphere. Answer: volatile Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) A(n)ȱ________ȱacidȱisȱanȱacidȱthatȱcannotȱleaveȱsolutionȱandȱenterȱtheȱatmosphere. Answer: fixedȱorȱnonvolatile Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) ________ȱpromotesȱwaterȱreabsorptionȱatȱtheȱkidneysȱandȱstimulatesȱthirst. Answer: ADH Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) TheȱnormalȱpHȱrangeȱforȱECFȱisȱ________ȱtoȱ________. Answer: 7.35;ȱ7.45 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) WhenȱtheȱpHȱfallsȱbelowȱ7.35,ȱaȱstateȱofȱ________ȱexists. Answer: acidosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) WhenȱtheȱpHȱrisesȱaboveȱ7.45,ȱaȱstateȱofȱ________ȱexists. Answer: alkalosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Hypercapniaȱrefersȱtoȱelevatedȱlevelsȱofȱ________. Answer: carbonȱdioxide Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Fredȱhasȱchronicȱemphysema.ȱBloodȱtestsȱshowȱthatȱhisȱpHȱisȱlowȱbutȱalmostȱnormalȱbutȱhisȱbicarbonateȱlevels areȱelevatedȱsignificantly.ȱHowȱcanȱthisȱbe?ȱWhatȱwouldȱurinalysisȱshow? Answer: Emphysemaȱlimitsȱalveolarȱventilation,ȱleadingȱtoȱincreasedȱcarbonȱdioxideȱinȱFredȇsȱbody.ȱSinceȱFredȇs conditionȱisȱchronicȱ(longȱterm)ȱhisȱbodyȱhasȱcompensatedȱforȱtheȱexcessȱcarbonicȱacidȱ(theȱresultȱof hypercapniaȱdueȱtoȱpoorȱventilation)ȱbyȱincreasingȱtheȱamountȱofȱbicarbonateȱtoȱmatchȱtheȱelevatedȱlevel ofȱhydrogenȱion.ȱThisȱcompensationȱforȱrespiratoryȱacidosisȱwasȱaccomplishedȱbyȱtheȱkidneyȇsȱsecretion ofȱhydrogenȱionȱbothȱinȱtheȱPCTȱandȱDCTȱandȱtheȱretentionȱofȱbicarbonateȱfromȱtheȱelevatedȱcarbonic acid.ȱUrinalysisȱwouldȱindicateȱaȱveryȱlowȱpHȱandȱhighȱlevelsȱofȱammonia,ȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱdistal tubuleȱtoȱabsorbȱtheȱsecretedȱhydrogenȱion. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whyȱdoesȱpotassiumȱconcentrationȱriseȱinȱpatientsȱwithȱacidosis?ȱWhatȱisȱthisȱcalled?ȱWhatȱeffectsȱdoesȱit have? Answer: WhenȱpHȱisȱlow,ȱhydrogenȱionȱlevelsȱinȱtheȱbloodȱareȱhighȱandȱalsoȱinȱtheȱinterstitialȱandȱperitubular fluid.ȱHydrogenȱionȱcompetesȱwithȱpotassiumȱionȱforȱtheȱsodiumȱcountercurrentȱexchangerȱinȱthe tubules.ȱAsȱhydrogenȱionȱsecretionȱrisesȱ(whichȱcompensatesȱforȱtheȱacidosis),ȱpotassiumȱisȱretainedȱand hyperkalemiaȱdevelops.ȱIfȱsevereȱenough,ȱmuscleȱcrampsȱandȱcardiacȱarrhythmiasȱresult. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

3) Theȱmaintenanceȱofȱnormalȱvolumeȱandȱcompositionȱofȱextracellularȱandȱintracellularȱfluidsȱisȱvitalȱtoȱlife.ȱList andȱbrieflyȱdescribeȱtheȱkindsȱofȱhomeostasisȱinvolved. Answer: Threeȱtypesȱofȱhomeostasisȱareȱinvolved:ȱfluidȱbalance,ȱelectrolyteȱbalance,ȱandȱacid -baseȱbalance.ȱFluid balanceȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱtotalȱquantityȱofȱbodyȱwaterȱremainsȱalmostȱconstantȱandȱthatȱtheȱdistribution betweenȱtheȱICFȱandȱECFȱareȱnormal.ȱElectrolyteȱbalanceȱimpliesȱtheȱsameȱthingȱforȱions.ȱAcid -base balanceȱmeansȱthatȱtheȱpHȱofȱtheȱECFȱisȱmaintainedȱinȱtheȱrangeȱofȱ7.35ȱtoȱ7.45,ȱandȱthatȱgainsȱorȱlosses ofȱhydrogenȱionȱasȱaȱconsequenceȱofȱmetabolismȱareȱfollowedȱbyȱequivalentȱlossesȱorȱgainsȱsoȱasȱto maintainȱconstantȱbufferȱreserves. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ28 TheȱReproductiveȱSystem MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Theȱreproductiveȱsystem A) producesȱgametes. B) storesȱandȱtransportsȱgametes. C) nourishesȱgametes. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Inwardȱprojectionsȱofȱtheȱtunicaȱalbuginea,ȱknownȱasȱsepta,ȱdivideȱtheȱtestisȱinto A) seminiferousȱtubules. B) straightȱtubules. C) lobules. D) reteȱtestorum. E) theȱepididymisȱandȱtheȱtestisȱproper. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱreproductiveȱsystemȱincludes A) gonadsȱandȱexternalȱgenitalia. B) ductsȱthatȱreceiveȱandȱtransportȱtheȱgametes. C) accessoryȱglandsȱandȱorgansȱthatȱsecreteȱfluids. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Straightȱtubulesȱoriginateȱatȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubulesȱandȱformȱaȱmazeȱofȱpassagewaysȱcalledȱthe A) epididymis. B) ductusȱdeferens. C) reteȱtestis. D) efferentȱducts. E) tunnelsȱofȱlove. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱmusclesȱmoveȱtheȱtestesȱtowardsȱtheȱbody? A) theȱcremaster B) theȱtunicaȱmuscularis C) theȱbicepsȱbrachii D) theȱdartos E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Theȱspermaticȱcordȱis A) aȱbundleȱofȱtissueȱthatȱcontainsȱtheȱductusȱdeferens,ȱbloodȱvessels,ȱnerves,ȱandȱlymphaticsȱthatȱserveȱthe testis. B) aȱnarrowȱopeningȱthatȱlinksȱtheȱscrotalȱchamberȱwithȱtheȱperitonealȱcavity. C) theȱexternalȱmarkingȱofȱtheȱboundaryȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱchambersȱofȱtheȱscrotum. D) aȱlayerȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱskinȱofȱtheȱscrotalȱsac. E) aȱdenseȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱtestis. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱdenseȱlayerȱofȱconnectiveȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱtestisȱisȱcalledȱthe A) medianȱraphe. B) spermaticȱcord. C) tunicaȱalbuginea. D) dartos. E) epididymis. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Interstitialȱcellsȱproduce A) sperm. B) inhibin. C) nutrients. D) androgens. E) androgen-bindingȱprotein. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱnurseȱcellsȱofȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubulesȱdoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept thatȱthey A) maintainȱtheȱblood-testisȱbarrier. B) supportȱspermiogenesis. C) secreteȱinhibin. D) secreteȱtestosterone. E) secreteȱandrogen-bindingȱprotein. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Spermȱproductionȱoccursȱinȱthe A) ductusȱdeferens. B) seminiferousȱtubules. C) epididymis. D) seminalȱglandsȱ(seminalȱvesicles). E) reteȱtestis. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Spermȱdevelopȱfromȱstemȱcellsȱcalled A) spermatogonia. B) primaryȱspermatocytes. C) secondaryȱspermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoa. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Whenȱspermatogoniaȱdivide,ȱtheȱdaughterȱcellsȱareȱcalled A) spermatogonia. B) spermatocytes. C) spermatids. D) spermatozoa. E) Sertoliȱcells. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱcellsȱthatȱareȱformedȱduringȱspermatogenesisȱbyȱtheȱfirstȱmeiosisȱareȱcalled A) spermatogonia. B) primaryȱspermatocytes. C) secondaryȱspermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoa. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱprocessȱofȱspermiogenesisȱproduces A) spermatogonia. B) primaryȱspermatocytes. C) secondaryȱspermatocytes. D) spermatids. E) spermatozoa. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Spermȱareȱmovedȱalongȱtheȱductusȱdeferensȱby A) hydrostaticȱforce. B) ciliaryȱaction. C) peristalticȱcontractions. D) suction. E) hydraulicȱaction. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Arrangeȱtheȱfourȱstructuresȱlistedȱbelowȱintoȱtheȱorderȱinȱwhichȱspermȱpassȱfromȱtheȱtestisȱtoȱtheȱurethral meatus. 1.ȱductusȱdeferens 2.ȱurethra 3.ȱejaculatoryȱduct 4.ȱepididymis A) 1,ȱ3,ȱ4,ȱ2 B) 4,ȱ3,ȱ1,ȱ2 C) 4,ȱ1,ȱ2,ȱ3 D) 4,ȱ1,ȱ3,ȱ2 E) 1,ȱ4,ȱ3,ȱ2 Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱorganȱthatȱmonitorsȱandȱadjustsȱtheȱcompositionȱofȱtubularȱfluid,ȱrecyclesȱdamagedȱspermatozoa,ȱandȱis theȱsiteȱofȱspermȱmaturationȱisȱthe A) ductusȱdeferens. B) reteȱtestis. C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle). D) epididymis. E) prostateȱgland. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱorganȱthatȱcarriesȱspermȱfromȱtheȱepididymisȱtoȱtheȱurethraȱisȱthe A) ductusȱdeferens. B) epididymis. C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle). D) ejaculatoryȱduct. E) corpusȱcavernosum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱorganȱthatȱproducesȱaȱsecretionȱthatȱcontainsȱfructose,ȱprostaglandins,ȱandȱfibrinogenȱisȱthe A) prostateȱgland. B) bulbourethralȱgland. C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle). D) corpusȱcavernosum. E) preputialȱgland. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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20) Theȱorganȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱurethraȱandȱproducesȱanȱalkalineȱsecretionȱisȱthe A) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle). B) bulbourethralȱgland. C) prostateȱgland. D) preputialȱgland. E) Bartholinȇsȱgland. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱsmallȱpairedȱstructuresȱatȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱpenisȱthatȱsecreteȱaȱthick,ȱalkalineȱmucusȱareȱthe A) seminalȱvesicles. B) prostateȱglands. C) preputialȱglands. D) Bartholinȱglands. E) bulbo-urethralȱglands. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Semenȱcontainsȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexceptȱ A) spermatozoa. B) seminalȱfluid. C) prostaglandins. D) spermatogonia. E) fibrinogen. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱspecialȱtypeȱofȱcellȱdivisionȱrequiredȱtoȱproduceȱgametesȱisȱcalled A) mitosis. B) meiosis. C) maturation. D) capacitation. E) fertilization. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

24) Theȱexternalȱmarkingȱofȱtheȱboundaryȱbetweenȱtheȱtwoȱtestesȱisȱthe A) spermaticȱcord. B) raphe. C) tunicaȱalbuginea. D) acrosome. E) dartosȱmuscle. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱorganȱthatȱdeliversȱsemenȱintoȱtheȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱtractȱisȱthe A) urethra. B) ejaculatoryȱduct. C) penis. D) corpusȱcavernosum. E) corpusȱspongiosum. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱfoldȱofȱskinȱthatȱcoversȱtheȱglansȱpenisȱisȱthe A) ejaculatoryȱduct. B) prepuce. C) corpusȱcavernosum. D) corpusȱspongiosum. E) penileȱurethra. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱurethralȱmeatusȱisȱanȱopeningȱinȱthe A) prepuce. B) glansȱpenis. C) corpusȱspongiosum. D) corpusȱcavernosum. E) coronaȱradiata. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱerectileȱtissueȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱurethraȱisȱthe A) membranousȱurethra. B) penileȱurethra. C) glansȱpenis. D) corpusȱspongiosum. E) corpusȱcavernosum. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱpairedȱerectileȱbodiesȱinȱtheȱpenisȱareȱthe A) membranousȱurethra. B) penileȱurethra. C) corpusȱspongiosum. D) corporaȱcavernosa. E) prepuce. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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30) TheȱroleȱofȱFSHȱinȱmalesȱisȱto A) stimulateȱtheȱinterstitialȱcellsȱtoȱproduceȱtestosterone. B) stimulateȱtheȱnurseȱcellsȱtoȱproduceȱinhibin. C) initiateȱspermȱproductionȱinȱtheȱtestes. D) developȱandȱmaintainȱsecondaryȱsexȱcharacteristics. E) influenceȱsexualȱbehaviorsȱandȱsexȱdrive. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱpituitaryȱhormoneȱthatȱstimulatesȱtheȱinterstitialȱcellsȱtoȱsecreteȱtestosteroneȱis A) FSH. B) LH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) GH. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱbroadȱligamentȱis A) anȱextensiveȱmesenteryȱthatȱenclosesȱtheȱovaries,ȱuterineȱtubes,ȱandȱuterus. B) aȱthickenedȱfoldȱofȱmesenteryȱthatȱsupportsȱandȱstabilizesȱtheȱpositionȱofȱtheȱovary. C) aȱpocketȱformedȱbetweenȱtheȱposteriorȱwallȱofȱtheȱuterusȱandȱtheȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱrectum. D) aȱstructureȱthatȱanchorsȱtheȱovaryȱtoȱtheȱrectouterineȱpouch. E) aȱstructureȱthatȱextendsȱfromȱtheȱlateralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱovaryȱtoȱtheȱpelvicȱwall. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱorganȱthatȱtransportsȱtheȱovumȱtoȱtheȱuterusȱisȱthe A) uterosacralȱligament. B) vagina. C) uterineȱtube. D) infundibulum. E) myometrium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱorganȱthatȱprovidesȱmechanicalȱprotectionȱandȱnutritionalȱsupportȱforȱtheȱdevelopingȱembryoȱisȱthe A) vagina. B) uterineȱtube. C) ovary. D) uterus. E) cervix. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Theȱroundȱligamentsȱextendȱfromȱthe A) baseȱofȱtheȱuterusȱandȱvaginaȱtoȱtheȱlateralȱwallsȱofȱtheȱpelvis. B) lateralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱuterusȱtoȱtheȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱsacrum. C) lateralȱmarginsȱofȱtheȱuterus,ȱthroughȱtheȱinguinalȱcanalȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱgenitalia. D) bodyȱofȱtheȱuterusȱtoȱtheȱfundus. E) cervixȱofȱtheȱuterusȱtoȱtheȱvagina. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Theȱinferiorȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterusȱthatȱprojectsȱintoȱtheȱvaginaȱisȱthe A) isthmus. B) fornix. C) fundus. D) body. E) cervix. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱthickȱmuscularȱlayerȱofȱtheȱuterusȱisȱthe A) endometrium. B) perimetrium. C) myometrium. D) uterometrium. E) sarcometrium. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱoogenesisȱisȱtrue,ȱexcept that A) oogenesisȱbeginsȱbeforeȱbirth. B) ovaȱdevelopȱfromȱstemȱcellsȱcalledȱoogonia. C) anȱovumȱcompletesȱitsȱlastȱmeiosisȱafterȱitȱisȱfertilized. D) aboutȱhalfȱtheȱoogoniaȱcompleteȱmitosisȱbetweenȱbirthȱandȱpuberty. E) byȱtheȱtimeȱofȱtheirȱbirth,ȱgirlsȱhaveȱalreadyȱlostȱaboutȱ80ȱpercentȱofȱtheirȱoocytes. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱsurgeȱinȱluteinizingȱhormoneȱthatȱoccursȱduringȱtheȱmiddleȱofȱtheȱovarianȱcycleȱtriggers A) follicleȱmaturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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40) Aȱriseȱinȱtheȱbloodȱlevelsȱofȱfollicle-stimulatingȱhormoneȱatȱtheȱbeginningȱofȱtheȱovarianȱcycleȱisȱresponsibleȱfor A) follicleȱmaturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱaverageȱlengthȱofȱtheȱmenstrualȱcycleȱis A) 16ȱdays. B) 19ȱdays. C) 21ȱdays. D) 28ȱdays. E) 35ȱdays. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Duringȱtheȱproliferativeȱphaseȱofȱtheȱmenstrualȱcycle, A) theȱcorpusȱluteumȱisȱforming. B) theȱfunctionalȱzoneȱofȱtheȱendometriumȱisȱrestored. C) theȱfertilizedȱovumȱimplants. D) theȱoldȱfunctionalȱlayerȱisȱsloughedȱoff. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Duringȱtheȱsecretoryȱphaseȱofȱtheȱmenstrualȱcycle A) theȱfertilizedȱovumȱimplants. B) progesteroneȱlevelsȱareȱhigh. C) endometrialȱglandsȱenlarge. D) theȱcorpusȱluteumȱisȱformed. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Duringȱtheȱmenses A) progesteroneȱlevelsȱareȱhigh. B) aȱnewȱuterineȱliningȱisȱformed. C) secretoryȱglandsȱandȱbloodȱvesselsȱdevelopȱinȱtheȱendometrium. D) theȱoldȱfunctionalȱlayerȱisȱsloughedȱoff. E) theȱcorpusȱluteumȱisȱmostȱactive. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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45) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱvagina,ȱexcept thatȱit A) servesȱasȱaȱpassagewayȱforȱtheȱeliminationȱofȱmenstrualȱfluids. B) receivesȱtheȱpenisȱduringȱcoitus. C) holdsȱspermatozoaȱpriorȱtoȱtheirȱpassageȱtoȱtheȱuterus. D) formsȱtheȱlowerȱportionȱofȱtheȱbirthȱcanal. E) losesȱaȱportionȱofȱitsȱliningȱduringȱmenses. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Theȱvaginaȱis A) linedȱbyȱsimpleȱcolumnarȱepitheliumȱrichȱinȱgobletȱcells. B) similarȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱliningȱofȱtheȱuterus. C) anotherȱtermȱforȱtheȱcervix. D) aȱmuscularȱtubeȱextendingȱbetweenȱtheȱuterusȱandȱtheȱexternalȱgenitalia. E) aȱmuscularȱtubeȱextendingȱbetweenȱtheȱuterusȱandȱtheȱanus. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱvulvaȱincludesȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept the A) monsȱpubis. B) vagina. C) labiaȱminora. D) clitoris. E) labiaȱmajora. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Theȱuterineȱphaseȱthatȱdevelopsȱbecauseȱofȱaȱfallȱinȱprogesteroneȱlevelsȱis A) theȱmenses. B) theȱproliferativeȱphase. C) theȱsecretoryȱphase. D) theȱfollicularȱphase. E) theȱlutealȱphase. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱspaceȱboundedȱbyȱtheȱlabiaȱminoraȱisȱthe A) fornix. B) vestibule. C) hymen. D) clitoris. E) isthmus. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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50) Fattyȱfoldsȱofȱskinȱthatȱencircleȱandȱpartiallyȱconcealȱtheȱlabiaȱminoraȱandȱvestibuleȱareȱthe A) fornices. B) ampullae. C) labiaȱmajora. D) monsȱpubis. E) vestibularȱarches. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) Theȱclitoris A) isȱderivedȱfromȱtheȱsameȱembryonicȱstructuresȱasȱtheȱpenisȱinȱmales. B) engorgesȱwithȱbloodȱduringȱsexualȱarousal. C) isȱtoppedȱbyȱaȱsmallȱerectileȱglans. D) containsȱerectileȱtissueȱcomparableȱtoȱtheȱcorporaȱcavernosaȱofȱtheȱpenis. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱpigmentedȱskinȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱnippleȱisȱthe A) zonaȱreticularis. B) fornix. C) zonaȱpellucida. D) peripapilla. E) areola. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱprincipalȱhormoneȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱcorpusȱluteumȱis A) LH. B) FSH. C) progesterone. D) luteosterone. E) estrogen. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Menstruationȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱaȱdropȱinȱtheȱlevelsȱof A) FSH. B) LH. C) relaxin. D) progesterone. E) inhibin. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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55) Theȱgranulosaȱcellsȱofȱdevelopingȱfolliclesȱsecrete A) estradiol. B) progesterone. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GnRH. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

56) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱanȱactionȱofȱestrogen? A) stimulatesȱboneȱgrowth B) maintainsȱfemaleȱsecondaryȱsexȱcharacteristics C) mimicsȱtheȱsymptomsȱofȱmenopause D) maintainsȱaccessoryȱreproductiveȱorgans E) initiatesȱrepairȱofȱtheȱendometrium Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

57) Emissionȱandȱejaculation A) occursȱunderȱsympatheticȱstimulation. B) beginsȱwithȱperistalticȱcontractionsȱofȱtheȱampulla. C) isȱresponsibleȱforȱpropellingȱsemenȱintoȱtheȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱtract. D) involvesȱcontractionsȱofȱtheȱbulbospongiosusȱmuscle. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Contractionsȱofȱtheȱbulbospongiosusȱmusclesȱresultȱin A) erection. B) emission. C) ejaculation. D) detumescence. E) impotence. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Forȱerectionȱtoȱoccur A) thereȱmustȱbeȱsufficientȱbloodȱhydrostaticȱpressure. B) theȱsacralȱspinalȱcordȱmustȱbeȱintact. C) nitricȱoxideȱmustȱbeȱpresent. D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱBȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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60) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱendometrium? A) thickȱlayerȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells B) supportsȱtheȱuterusȱanteriorly C) supportsȱtheȱuterusȱlaterally D) consistsȱofȱstratumȱbasalisȱandȱstratumȱfunctionalis E) afterȱovulation,ȱtheȱovumȱisȱcapturedȱbyȱit Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

61) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdoesȱnotȱoccurȱafterȱmenopause? A) menstrualȱcyclesȱcease B) ovulationȱceases C) estrogenȱlevelsȱrise D) GnRHȱsecretionȱincreases E) FSHȱsecretionȱincreases Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

62) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱglandsȱsecretesȱfructoseȱtoȱnourishȱtheȱsperm? A) prostateȱgland B) nurseȱgland C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle) D) bulbourethralȱgland E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱmaleȱreproductiveȱsystemȱisȱmostȱcloselyȱassociatedȱwithȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsystems? A) muscular B) urinary C) endocrine D) digestive E) integumentary Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterusȱthatȱprojectsȱintoȱtheȱvagina. A) body B) cervix C) myometrium D) fundus E) internalȱos Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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65) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱregionȱofȱtheȱvaginaȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱcervix. A) rugae B) fornix C) dartos D) fundus E) externalȱos Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

66) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcanȱbeȱfoundȱinsideȱtheȱspermaticȱcord? A) bloodȱvessels B) nerves C) lymphaticȱvessels D) ductusȱdeferens E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

67) Nurseȱcells A) areȱfoundȱinȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubules. B) formȱtheȱblood-testisȱbarrier. C) coordinateȱspermatogenesis. D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

68) Whichȱregionȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱcapturesȱtheȱovum? A) ampulla B) anteriorȱsegment C) infundibulum D) posteriorȱsegment E) isthmus Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

69) Theȱdelicateȱlayerȱofȱserousȱmembraneȱthatȱcoversȱtheȱtestisȱisȱcalledȱthe A) medianȱraphe. B) tunicaȱvaginalis. C) tunicaȱalbuginea. D) dartos. E) laminaȱpropria. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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70) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱroundedȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterineȱbodyȱsuperiorȱtoȱtheȱattachmentȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubes. A) body B) cervix C) myometrium D) fundus E) internalȱos Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

71) Theȱspecialȱtypeȱofȱcellȱdivisionȱrequiredȱtoȱproduceȱgametesȱisȱcalled A) mitosis. B) meiosis. C) maturation. D) capacitation. E) fertilization. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

72) Theȱregionȱwhereȱbloodȱvesselsȱenterȱtheȱovaryȱisȱcalledȱthe A) infundibulopelvicȱligament. B) tunicaȱalbuginea. C) ovarianȱumbilicalȱcord. D) ovarianȱhilum. E) ovarianȱligament. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

73) Aȱprimaryȱspermatocyteȱmaturesȱintoȱ________ȱspermatidsȱhavingȱȱ________ȱchromosomes. A) millionsȱof;ȱ46 B) four;ȱ23 C) one;ȱ46 D) millionsȱof;ȱ23 E) four;ȱ46 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

74) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱthatȱendsȱinȱfingerlikeȱfimbriae isȱthe A) ampulla. B) distalȱsegment. C) infundibulum. D) proximalȱsegment. E) isthmus. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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75) Spermatozoaȱareȱfunctionallyȱmaturedȱwithinȱthe A) epididymis. B) ductusȱdeferens. C) reteȱtestes. D) seminiferousȱtubules. E) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle). Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

76) DuringȱmeiosisȱI,ȱmaternalȱandȱpaternalȱchromosomesȱfuseȱtogetherȱduringȱtheȱprocessȱcalledȱ________ȱtoȱform aȱ________. A) synapsis;ȱchromatid B) prophaseȱI;ȱchromatid C) synapsis;ȱspermatid D) metaphaseȱII;ȱtetrad E) synapsis;ȱtetrad Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccursȱafterȱaȱspermatogoniumȱcompletesȱcellȱdivision? A) Matureȱspermatozoaȱenterȱtheȱlumen. B) Fusionȱofȱdiploidȱnucleiȱoccurs. C) Theȱdaughterȱcellȱisȱdirectedȱtowardȱtheȱlumenȱofȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubule. D) Gameteȱproductionȱaccelerates. E) Spermiogenesisȱbegins. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

78) Theȱprimaryȱfollicleȱdevelopsȱfromȱthe A) ovarianȱhilum. B) ovarianȱfollicles. C) primordialȱfollicle. D) ovarianȱstroma. E) granulosaȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

79) Theȱfoldȱofȱperitoneumȱthatȱextendsȱoutȱfromȱtheȱovaryȱtoȱtheȱwallȱofȱtheȱpelvisȱisȱcalledȱthe A) infundibulopelvicȱligament. B) tunicaȱalbuginea. C) ovarianȱligament. D) ovarianȱhilum. E) uterovesicalȱligament. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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80) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱroundȱligament? A) thickȱlayerȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells B) entersȱtheȱinguinalȱcanal C) supportsȱtheȱuterusȱlaterally D) consistsȱofȱstratumȱbasalisȱandȱstratumȱfunctionalis E) afterȱovulation,ȱtheȱovumȱisȱcapturedȱbyȱit Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

81) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱmyometrium? A) thickȱlayerȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcells B) supportsȱtheȱuterusȱanteriorly C) supportsȱtheȱuterusȱlaterally D) consistsȱofȱstratumȱbasalisȱandȱstratumȱfunctionalis E) afterȱovulation,ȱtheȱovumȱisȱcapturedȱbyȱit Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

82) Theȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱwhereȱfertilizationȱcommonlyȱoccursȱisȱthe A) ampulla. B) anterior. C) infundibulum. D) posterior. E) isthmus. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

83) Thisȱcausesȱaȱprominentȱbulgeȱinȱtheȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱovary. A) corticalȱgyrus B) tertiaryȱfollicle C) secondaryȱfollicle D) thecaȱinterna E) follicularȱnode Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

84) Secondaryȱsexualȱcharacteristics A) mayȱdevelopȱinȱresponseȱtoȱtestosterone. B) mayȱdevelopȱinȱresponseȱtoȱestrogen. C) areȱusuallyȱapparentȱatȱbirth. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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85) Howȱmanyȱtetradsȱformȱduringȱsynapsis? A) 23 B) hundreds C) thousands D) 46 E) 4 Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

86) Interstitialȱcells A) areȱalsoȱcalledȱLeydigȱcells. B) respondȱtoȱluteinizingȱhormone. C) produceȱtestosterone. D) AȱandȱBȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

87) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱsimilarityȱbetweenȱtheȱtestisȱandȱovary? A) bothȱproduceȱprogesterone B) meiosisȱtakesȱplaceȱinȱboth C) bothȱrespondȱtoȱfollicle-stimulatingȱhormone D) bothȱrespondȱtoȱluteinizingȱhormone E) bothȱproduceȱgametes Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

88) Testicularȱnurseȱcellsȱfunctionȱinȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱways,ȱexcept thatȱtheyȱdonȇt A) secreteȱMüllerianȱinhibitingȱfactor. B) secreteȱprogesterone-bindingȱprotein. C) coordinateȱspermiogenesis. D) supportȱmeiosis. E) serveȱasȱaȱblood-testisȱbarrier. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

89) Theȱductusȱdeferensȱisȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱcmȱlong. A) 15-20 B) 50-60 C) 40-45 D) 31-35 E) 12 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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90) Inȱaȱmatureȱhumanȱspermatozoan, A) theȱacrosomeȱisȱnextȱtoȱtheȱnucleus. B) theȱmidpieceȱcontainsȱtheȱchromosomes. C) theȱtailȱcontainsȱtheȱmitochondria. D) theȱheadȱcontainsȱ23ȱchromosomes. E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

91) Aȱtypicalȱejaculationȱreleasesȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱsperm. A) 1ȱmillion B) 250ȱmillion C) 100,000 D) 20ȱmillion E) 800ȱmillion Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

92) Theȱbroadȱligamentȱattachesȱtoȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱorgans,ȱexcept the A) ovaries. B) uterineȱtubes. C) uterus. D) oviducts. E) urinaryȱbladder. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

93) Whichȱisȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱovaries? A) secretionȱofȱhormones B) productionȱofȱoocytes C) formationȱofȱimmatureȱgametes D) secretionȱofȱinhibin E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

94) Whatȱstructureȱextendsȱfromȱtheȱlateralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱovary,ȱpastȱtheȱopenȱendȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtube,ȱtoȱtheȱpelvic wall? A) infundibulopelvicȱligament B) tunicaȱalbuginea C) ovarianȱligament D) ovarianȱhilum E) uterineȱligament Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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95) Nurseȱcells A) areȱfoundȱinȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubules B) formȱtheȱblood-testisȱbarrier C) coordinateȱspermatogenesis D) AȱandȱCȱonly E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

96) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱlargestȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterus. A) body B) cervix C) myometrium D) fundus E) internalȱos Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

97) Anotherȱtermȱforȱvulvaȱis A) gonads. B) vagina. C) femaleȱexternalȱgenitalia. D) accessoryȱglands. E) labia. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

98) Secondaryȱspermatocytesȱeachȱcontain A) 23ȱchromosomes. B) 23ȱpairsȱofȱchromosomes. C) twiceȱtheȱdiploidȱnumberȱofȱchromosomes. D) 46ȱpairsȱofȱchromosomes. E) 46ȱchromosomes. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

99) Testosteroneȱisȱsecretedȱbyȱthe A) hypothalamus. B) adenohypophysis. C) nurseȱcells. D) interstitialȱcells. E) suprarenalȱcortex. Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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100) Whereȱinȱtheȱmaleȱreproductiveȱsystemȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱfindȱtheȱmostȱmatureȱspermatozoa? A) inȱtheȱseminiferousȱtubules B) inȱtheȱheadȱofȱtheȱepididymis C) inȱtheȱductusȱdeferensȱandȱejaculatoryȱduct D) inȱtheȱseminalȱgland E) inȱtheȱprostateȱgland Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

101) Aȱsampleȱofȱaȱwomanȇsȱbloodȱisȱanalyzedȱforȱreproductiveȱhormoneȱlevels.ȱTheȱresultsȱindicateȱaȱhighȱlevelȱof progesterone,ȱrelativelyȱhighȱlevelsȱofȱinhibin,ȱandȱlowȱlevelsȱofȱFSHȱandȱLH.ȱTheȱfemaleȱisȱmostȱlikely experiencingȱ________ȱofȱtheȱuterineȱcycle. A) theȱproliferativeȱphase B) menses C) theȱsecretoryȱphase D) menarche E) menopause Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

102) Contractionȱofȱtheȱcremasterȱmuscles A) tensesȱtheȱscrotalȱsac. B) pullsȱtheȱtestesȱcloserȱtoȱtheȱbodyȱcavity. C) propelsȱspermȱthroughȱtheȱurethra. D) movesȱspermȱthroughȱtheȱductusȱdeferens. E) bothȱAȱandȱB Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

103) Contractionȱofȱtheȱdartosȱmuscle A) tightensȱtheȱscrotalȱsac. B) producesȱanȱerection. C) propelsȱspermȱthroughȱtheȱurethra. D) movesȱspermȱthroughȱtheȱductusȱdeferens. E) initiatesȱseminalȱemission. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

104) Functionsȱofȱtheȱaccessoryȱglandsȱofȱtheȱmaleȱreproductiveȱsystemȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱ exceptȱ A) productionȱofȱspermatozoa. B) meetingȱtheȱnutrientȱneedsȱofȱȱspermatozoaȱforȱmotility. C) propellingȱspermatozoaȱandȱfluidsȱalongȱtheȱreproductiveȱtract. D) producingȱbuffers. E) activatingȱtheȱspermatozoa. Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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105) Follicle-stimulatingȱhormone A) stimulatesȱtheȱthyroidȱfollicles. B) stimulatesȱspermatogenesis. C) stimulatesȱmaturationȱofȱprimordialȱfolliclesȱinȱtheȱovary. D) isȱimportantȱonlyȱinȱfemales. E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

106) Ifȱtheȱprostateȱstoppedȱsecretingȱfluid,ȱthisȱwouldȱresultȱinȱsemen A) thatȱlackedȱsperm. B) withȱaȱhigherȱthanȱnormalȱpH. C) withȱlessȱfructose. D) withȱnoȱmucus. E) thatȱwasȱrichȱinȱprostaglandins. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

107) Scarringȱofȱtheȱreteȱtestisȱwouldȱinterfereȱwithȱaȱmanȇsȱabilityȱto A) secreteȱtestosterone. B) regulateȱspermatogenesis. C) ejaculate. D) produceȱanȱalkalineȱsemen. E) deliverȱspermatozoaȱtoȱtheȱepididymis. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

108) InȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcasesȱwouldȱtheȱlevelȱofȱGnRHȱbeȱhighest? A) aȱnormalȱadultȱmale B) aȱcastratedȱadultȱmale C) aȱsexuallyȱimmatureȱmale D) CastrationȱwouldȱhaveȱnoȱeffectȱonȱGnRHȱproduction. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

109) Ifȱoxytocinȱreceptorsȱareȱblocked, A) theȱmammaryȱglandsȱwillȱnotȱsecreteȱmilk. B) milkȱwillȱnotȱbeȱejectedȱintoȱtheȱlactiferousȱsinuses. C) theȱmammaryȱglandsȱwillȱbeȱreplacedȱbyȱconnectiveȱtissue. D) theȱmammaryȱglandsȱwillȱproduceȱonlyȱcolostrum. E) theȱmensesȱwillȱbegin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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110) Aȱmatureȱfollicleȱreleasesȱanȱovumȱinȱresponseȱtoȱaȱsurgeȱin A) follicle-stimulatingȱhormone. B) luteinizingȱhormone. C) estrogen. D) progesterone. E) oxytocin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

111) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱgreater? A) theȱnumberȱofȱprimordialȱfolliclesȱinȱtheȱovariesȱatȱbirth B) theȱnumberȱofȱprimordialȱfolliclesȱinȱtheȱovariesȱatȱpuberty Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

112) Afterȱovulation,ȱtheȱovaryȱsecretes A) luteinizingȱhormone. B) estrogen. C) progesterone. D) bothȱBȱandȱC E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

113) AȱboyȱhasȱaȱgeneticȱmutationȱsuchȱthatȱFSHȱisȱnotȱproduced,ȱbutȱLHȱisȱnormal.ȱAfterȱtheȱboyȱgrowsȱto maturity,ȱitȱisȱlikelyȱheȱwill A) notȱdevelopȱsecondaryȱsexȱcharacteristics. B) beȱsterile. C) beȱimpotent. D) haveȱimpairedȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱinterstitialȱcells. E) produceȱlargeȱamountsȱofȱinhibin. Answer: B Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

114) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱaȱsexuallyȱtransmittedȱdisease? A) chlamydia B) gonorrhea C) syphilis D) AIDS E) NoneȱofȱtheȱaboveNallȱareȱSTDs. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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115) Aȱmaleȱbodybuilderȱstartsȱtakingȱinjectionsȱofȱtestosteroneȱ(anȱanabolicȱsteroid)ȱonȱaȱdailyȱbasis.ȱAfterȱ3ȱweeks, whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱwouldȱyouȱexpectȱtoȱobserve? A) increasedȱsexȱdrive B) decreasedȱlevelsȱofȱGnRH C) decreasedȱlevelsȱofȱLHȱandȱFSH D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) BȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

116) Spermȱcannotȱfertilizeȱanȱovumȱunlessȱitȱhasȱbeenȱinȱtheȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱtractȱforȱseveralȱhours.ȱThis enhancedȱabilityȱofȱtheȱspermȱtoȱfertilizeȱtheȱovumȱisȱcalledȱcapacitation.ȱInȱvitroȱstudiesȱindicateȱthatȱfreshly ejaculatedȱspermȱcanȱfertilizeȱtheȱovumȱifȱtheyȱareȱfirstȱrinsedȱinȱsaltȱsolutionȱbeforeȱbeingȱintroducedȱtoȱthe ovum.ȱTheseȱobservationsȱsuggestȱthat A) theȱprocessȱofȱcapacitationȱinvolvesȱtheȱremovalȱofȱsomeȱinhibitingȱsubstancesȱfromȱtheȱsperm. B) theȱprocessȱofȱcapacitationȱisȱtemperatureȱdependent. C) inȱcapacitation,ȱsecretionsȱofȱtheȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱtractȱareȱtakenȱupȱbyȱtheȱsperm. D) pHȱisȱanȱimportantȱfactorȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱcapacitation. E) onlyȱspermȱthatȱcomeȱintoȱcontactȱwithȱvaginalȱsecretionsȱareȱcapableȱofȱfertilizingȱanȱovum. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

117) Aȱdrugȱthatȱblockedȱtheȱenzymeȱaromatase wouldȱdoȱwhatȱtoȱaȱpatient? A) bringȱonȱsymptomsȱofȱmenopause B) preventȱtheȱsynthesisȱofȱestrogen C) increaseȱtheȱriskȱofȱosteoporosis D) reduceȱtheȱriskȱofȱbreastȱcancer E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

118) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱuterineȱtube? A) hasȱciliatedȱepithelium B) hasȱstratifiedȱsquamousȱepithelium C) coversȱtheȱglansȱpenisȱorȱglansȱclitoris D) whereȱmatureȱspermȱareȱstoredȱandȱprocessed E) passesȱthroughȱerectileȱtissueȱinȱmales Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

119) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱmenstrualȱcycleȱisȱtrue? A) theȱfirstȱoccurrenceȱisȱtermedȱmenarche B) itȱisȱultimatelyȱcontrolledȱbyȱGnRH C) isȱskippedȱinȱpregnancy D) oftenȱinvolvesȱpainfulȱmyometrialȱcontraction E) allȱareȱtrue Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ28- 1ȱTheȱMaleȱReproductiveȱSystem UseȱFigureȱ28- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 120) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ11.Ȉ A) bulbourethralȱgland B) prostateȱgland C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle) D) epididymis E) ductusȱdeferens Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

121) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) corporaȱcavernosa B) prostaticȱurethra C) corpusȱspongiosum D) spongyȱurethra E) ejaculatoryȱduct Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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122) WhatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7Ȉ? A) seminalȱfluids B) spermatozoa C) testosterone D) FSH E) bothȱBȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

123) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) testis B) prostateȱgland C) seminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle) D) epididymis E) ductusȱdeferens Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

124) Identifyȱtheȱstructureȱthatȱproducesȱaȱfructose-richȱfluid. A) 9 B) 10 C) 11 D) 12 E) 13 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ28- 2ȱTheȱFemaleȱReproductiveȱSystem UseȱFigureȱ28- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 125) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) vagina B) uterineȱtube C) clitoris D) ureter E) ovary Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

126) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) uterus B) vagina C) cervix D) clitoris E) greaterȱvestibularȱgland Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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127) WhatȱisȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ1Ȉ? A) ova B) estrogen C) progesterone D) inhibin E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

128) Whichȱstructureȱisȱlinedȱbyȱaȱciliatedȱepithelium? A) 1 B) 2 C) 9 D) 11 E) 12 Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

129) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) uterus B) vagina C) clitoris D) labiumȱminus E) ovary Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) Theȱmaleȱgonadȱisȱcalledȱa(n)ȱ________. Answer: testis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱ________ȱisȱanȱopeningȱthroughȱwhichȱtheȱspermaticȱcordȱpasses. Answer: inguinalȱcanal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱlayerȱofȱsmoothȱmuscleȱinȱtheȱskinȱofȱtheȱscrotalȱsac. Answer: dartos Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Spermatidsȱmatureȱintoȱspermatozoaȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱofȱ________. Answer: spermiogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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5) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱpartȱofȱtheȱspermȱthatȱcontainsȱtheȱDNA. Answer: head Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱmiddleȱpieceȱofȱtheȱspermȱcontainsȱtheȱ________ȱinȱaȱspiralȱarrangement. Answer: mitochondria Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Theȱonlyȱ________ȱinȱtheȱhumanȱbodyȱisȱtheȱtailȱofȱtheȱsperm. Answer: flagellum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Aȱnormalȱspermȱcountȱrangesȱfromȱapproximatelyȱ________ȱspermatozoaȱperȱmilliliter. Answer: 20ȱtoȱ100ȱmillion Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱ________ȱwithinȱtheȱheadȱofȱaȱspermȱcontainsȱtheȱenzymesȱessentialȱforȱfertilization. Answer: acrosomalȱcap Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Aȱspermatozoonȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱepididymisȱinȱaboutȱ________ȱweeks. Answer: 2 Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱurethraȱthatȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱprostateȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: prostaticȱurethra Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱurethraȱthatȱpenetratesȱtheȱurogenitalȱdiaphragmȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: membranousȱurethra Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱurethraȱthatȱpassesȱthroughȱtheȱcorpusȱspongiosumȱtoȱtheȱexternalȱurethralȱmeatusȱisȱthe ________. Answer: spongyȱurethra Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱsurgicalȱremovalȱofȱtheȱprepuceȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: circumcision Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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15) Theȱ________ȱcarriesȱfluidȱfromȱtheȱseminalȱglandȱ(seminalȱvesicle)ȱthroughȱtheȱprostate. Answer: ejaculatoryȱduct Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱpocketȱformedȱbetweenȱtheȱposteriorȱwallȱofȱtheȱuterusȱandȱtheȱanteriorȱsurfaceȱofȱthe rectum. Answer: rectouterineȱpouch Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Theȱ________ȱligamentȱextendsȱfromȱtheȱuterus,ȱnearȱtheȱattachmentȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtube,ȱtoȱtheȱmedialȱsurface ofȱtheȱovary. Answer: ovarian Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱ________ȱligamentȱextendsȱfromȱtheȱlateralȱsurfaceȱofȱtheȱovaryȱtoȱtheȱpelvicȱwall. Answer: suspensory Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱfunnel-likeȱopeningȱatȱtheȱdistalȱendȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: infundibulum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱ________ȱareȱfingerlikeȱprojectionsȱthatȱcaptureȱtheȱfreshlyȱovulatedȱovum. Answer: fimbriae Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Theȱexpanded,ȱinitialȱsegmentȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: ampulla Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱ________ȱofȱtheȱuterineȱtubeȱisȱjustȱdistalȱtoȱtheȱampulla. Answer: isthmus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Spermȱenterȱtheȱcervicalȱcanalȱthroughȱtheȱexternalȱ________. Answer: os Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱ________ȱligamentsȱextendȱfromȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱuterusȱandȱvaginaȱtoȱtheȱlateralȱwallsȱofȱtheȱpelvis. Answer: lateral Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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25) Theȱmainȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterusȱisȱcalledȱtheȱcorpusȱorȱ________. Answer: body Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱportionȱofȱtheȱuterusȱthatȱprojectsȱintoȱtheȱvaginaȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: cervix Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱouterȱliningȱofȱtheȱuterus. Answer: perimetrium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱpainfulȱconditionȱthatȱdevelopsȱbecauseȱendometrialȱtissueȱisȱpresentȱinȱtheȱperitonealȱcavityȱisȱ________. Answer: endometriosis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱinnerȱliningȱofȱtheȱuterus. Answer: endometrium Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱinternalȱosȱconnectsȱtheȱuterineȱcavityȱtoȱtheȱ________. Answer: cervicalȱcanal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Theȱshallowȱrecessȱthatȱsurroundsȱtheȱcervicalȱprotrusionȱintoȱtheȱvaginaȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: fornix Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Theȱ________ȱisȱaȱfleshyȱpouchȱsuspendedȱbelowȱtheȱperineumȱandȱanteriorȱtoȱtheȱanus. Answer: scrotum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱglycoprotein-richȱregionȱbetweenȱtheȱdevelopingȱoocyteȱandȱtheȱgranulosaȱcells. Answer: zonaȱpellucida Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Theȱfluid-filledȱcavityȱthatȱappearsȱinȱaȱsecondaryȱfollicleȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: antrum Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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35) Theȱ________ȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱfollicleȱcellsȱthatȱclingȱtoȱtheȱoocyteȱafterȱovulation. Answer: coronaȱradiata Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) Contractionȱofȱtheȱsmoothȱmuscleȱwithinȱtheȱ________ȱactsȱtoȱpinchȱoffȱtheȱurethra. Answer: prostate Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) ________ȱisȱtheȱprocessȱofȱsloughingȱoffȱtheȱoldȱfunctionalȱlayerȱofȱtheȱendometrium. Answer: Menstruation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Theȱstratumȱ________ȱisȱtheȱendometrialȱlayerȱthatȱundergoesȱdramaticȱchangesȱduringȱtheȱmenstrualȱcycle. Answer: functionalis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Painfulȱmenstruationȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: dysmenorrhea Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) ________ȱisȱanȱinflammationȱofȱtheȱvaginalȱcanal,ȱcausedȱbyȱfungi,ȱbacteria,ȱorȱparasites. Answer: Vaginitis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱ________ȱisȱanȱelasticȱepithelialȱlayerȱbetweenȱtheȱvaginaȱandȱvestibule,ȱwhich,ȱifȱpresent,ȱisȱoftenȱtorn duringȱfirstȱintercourse. Answer: hymen Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Ejaculationȱisȱassociatedȱwithȱintenselyȱpleasurableȱsensations,ȱanȱexperienceȱknownȱasȱmaleȱ________. Answer: orgasm Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

43) ________ȱareȱtheȱorgansȱofȱmilkȱproduction. Answer: Mammaryȱglands Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Impotenceȱisȱdefinedȱasȱanȱinabilityȱtoȱachieveȱorȱmaintainȱanȱ________. Answer: erection Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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45) Theȱfirstȱmensesȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: menarche Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Theȱcessationȱofȱmenstruationȱafterȱnoȱmoreȱdevelopingȱfolliclesȱremainȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: menopause Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Theȱsubsidenceȱofȱanȱerectionȱafterȱejaculationȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: detumescence Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

48) ________ȱisȱaȱprocedureȱthatȱusesȱx-raysȱtoȱexamineȱbreastȱtissueȱforȱtheȱpresenceȱofȱcancer. Answer: Mammography Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Theȱsurgicalȱprocedureȱinȱwhichȱtheȱentireȱbreastȱisȱremovedȱisȱcalledȱaȱ________. Answer: totalȱmastectomy Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) ________ȱisȱtheȱfailureȱofȱoneȱorȱbothȱtestesȱtoȱdescendȱintoȱtheȱscrotumȱbyȱtheȱtimeȱofȱbirth. Answer: Cryptorchidism Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

51) ________ȱisȱtheȱmostȱimportantȱandrogen. Answer: Testosterone Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

52) Theȱtetradȱofȱmaternalȱandȱpaternalȱchromosomesȱformsȱduringȱmeiosisȱbyȱtheȱprocessȱcalledȱ________. Answer: synapsis Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

53) Theȱ________ȱprovidesȱmechanicalȱprotection,ȱnutritionalȱsupport,ȱandȱwasteȱremovalȱforȱtheȱdeveloping embryo. Answer: uterus Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

54) Afterȱmenopause,ȱtheȱproductionȱofȱtwoȱpituitaryȱhormonesȱincreases.ȱTheyȱareȱ________ȱandȱ________. Answer: FSH;ȱLH Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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EssayȱQuestions 1) TheȱreleaseȱofȱFSHȱandȱLHȱfromȱgonadotropesȱinȱtheȱadenohypophysisȱisȱseparatelyȱcontrolledȱbyȱtheȱ same hypothalamicȱreleasingȱhormone,ȱGnRH.ȱHowȱisȱitȱpossibleȱtoȱorganizeȱtheirȱsecretionȱduringȱtheȱmenstrual cycle? Answer: Inȱfemales,ȱtheȱGnRHȱpulseȱfrequencyȱandȱamplitudeȱ(amountȱsecretedȱperȱpulse)ȱchangeȱthroughout theȱcourseȱofȱtheȱovarianȱcycle.ȱConsiderȱchangesȱinȱpulseȱfrequency,ȱasȱtheirȱeffectsȱareȱbothȱdramatic andȱreasonablyȱwellȱunderstood.ȱChangesȱinȱGnRHȱpulseȱfrequencyȱareȱcontrolledȱprimarilyȱby circulatingȱlevelsȱofȱestrogensȱandȱprogestins.ȱEstrogensȱincreaseȱtheȱGnRHȱpulseȱfrequency,ȱand progestinsȱdecreaseȱit.ȱTheȱendocrineȱcellsȱofȱtheȱadenohypophysisȱrespondȱasȱifȱeachȱgroupȱofȱendocrine cellsȱisȱmonitoringȱdifferentȱfrequencies.ȱAsȱaȱresult,ȱeachȱgroupȱofȱcellsȱisȱsensitiveȱtoȱsomeȱGnRHȱpulse frequenciesȱandȱinsensitiveȱtoȱothers.ȱForȱexample,ȱconsiderȱtheȱgonadotropes,ȱtheȱcellsȱresponsibleȱfor FSHȱandȱLHȱproduction.ȱAtȱoneȱpulseȱfrequency,ȱtheȱgonadotropesȱrespondȱpreferentiallyȱandȱsecrete FSH,ȱwhereasȱatȱanotherȱfrequency,ȱLHȱisȱtheȱprimaryȱhormoneȱreleased.ȱFSHȱandȱLHȱproductionȱalso occursȱinȱpulsesȱthatȱfollowȱtheȱrhythmȱofȱGnRHȱpulses.ȱIfȱGnRHȱisȱabsentȱorȱisȱsuppliedȱatȱaȱconstant rateȱ(withoutȱpulses),ȱFSHȱandȱLHȱsecretionȱwillȱstopȱinȱaȱmatterȱofȱhours. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Howȱareȱmaleȱandȱfemaleȱreproductiveȱsystemsȱfunctionallyȱdifferent? Answer: Inȱmales,ȱtheȱgonadsȱ(testes)ȱsecreteȱandrogensȱandȱproduceȱhundredsȱofȱmillionsȱofȱgametesȱ(sperm) eachȱday.ȱTheȱspermȱareȱmixedȱwithȱsecretions,ȱformingȱsemen,ȱandȱareȱexpelledȱfromȱtheȱbodyȱduring ejaculationȱintoȱtheȱfemale.ȱInȱfemales,ȱtheȱgonadsȱ(ovaries)ȱsecreteȱestrogenȱandȱprogesteroneȱand releaseȱaȱsingleȱovumȱ(gamete)ȱeveryȱmonth.ȱTheȱvaginaȱreceivesȱtheȱpenisȱduringȱsexualȱintercourse andȱtheȱejaculateȱisȱdepositedȱnearȱtheȱexternalȱosȱofȱtheȱuterus.ȱIfȱtheȱovumȱisȱfertilizedȱandȱimplantsȱin theȱendometrium,ȱtheȱfemaleȇsȱbodyȱnourishesȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱtheȱembryoȱandȱfetusȱuntilȱbirth. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Howȱdoesȱmitosisȱdifferȱfromȱmeiosis? Answer: Allȱbodyȱcellsȱthatȱdivide,ȱexceptȱthoseȱdestinedȱtoȱbeȱgametes,ȱuseȱmitosisȱtoȱreplicateȱtheȱsetȱof chromosomesȱandȱpassȱaȱcompleteȱdiploidȱsetȱofȱchromosomesȱ(23ȱpairs,ȱtotalȱofȱ46ȱforȱhumans)ȱtoȱeach daughterȱcell.ȱInȱmeiosis,ȱeachȱdaughterȱcellȱreceivesȱhalfȱthatȱmanyȱchromosomes,ȱonlyȱoneȱfromȱeach pairȱ(23ȱchromosomes),ȱtheȱhaploidȱcomplement.ȱMeiosisȱoccursȱinȱtwoȱstages,ȱmeiosisȱIȱandȱmeiosisȱII, whereasȱmitosisȱoccursȱinȱaȱsingleȱstage.ȱInȱmeiosisȱI,ȱtheȱhomologousȱpairsȱstickȱtoȱeachȱotherȱin synapsis,ȱgivingȱtheȱprocessȱofȱgeneȱexchangeȱtoȱscrambleȱtheȱgenomeȱasȱaȱtetrad.ȱInȱmeiosisȱII,ȱeachȱdyad isȱseparated,ȱleadingȱtoȱanotherȱpairȱofȱdaughterȱcellsȱwithȱaȱhaploidȱnumberȱofȱchromosomes. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Imagineȱthatȱaȱseven-year-oldȱgirlȱdevelopsȱaȱhormone-secretingȱovarianȱtumorȱderivedȱfromȱgranulosaȱcells. Whatȱsignsȱofȱtheȱdiseaseȱwouldȱyouȱexpect? Answer: Granulosaȱcellsȱproduceȱestrogen,ȱsoȱaȱtumorȱinvolvingȱtheseȱcellsȱwouldȱleadȱtoȱhighlyȱelevatedȱlevels ofȱestrogen.ȱEstrogenȱwouldȱsetȱinȱmotionȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱsecondaryȱsexȱcharacteristics,ȱsuchȱas breastȱenlargement,ȱdepositionȱofȱfatȱinȱcharacteristicȱplaces,ȱdevelopmentȱofȱaxillaryȱandȱpubicȱhairȱand apocrineȱsweatȱglands,ȱalongȱwithȱacceleratedȱskeletalȱgrowth. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Chapterȱ29 DevelopmentȱandȱInheritance MultipleȱChoiceȱQuestions 1) Afterȱfertilization,ȱtheȱfirstȱcellȱdivisionȱisȱcompleted A) withinȱaȱfewȱseconds. B) withinȱtheȱhour. C) aboutȱ6ȱhoursȱlater. D) inȱ12ȱhours. E) moreȱthanȱaȱdayȱlater. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Spermȱcannotȱfertilizeȱanȱoocyteȱuntilȱthey A) undergoȱcapacitation. B) undergoȱactivation. C) loseȱtheirȱacrosome. D) areȱinȱtheȱvaginaȱforȱ3ȱdays. E) areȱactivatedȱbyȱsustentacularȱcellsȱofȱtheȱvagina. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱpartȱofȱoocyteȱactivation? A) softeningȱofȱtheȱzonaȱpellucida B) influxȱofȱsodiumȱion C) membraneȱdepolarization D) releaseȱofȱcalciumȱionȱfromȱsmoothȱER E) dischargeȱofȱexocytoticȱvesicles Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Polyspermyȱresultsȱin A) twins. B) fetusesȱwithȱdifferentȱfathers. C) haploidȱindividuals. D) chimericȱadults. E) aȱnonfunctionalȱzygote. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

5) Duringȱamphimixis, A) spermȱbecomeȱcapacitated. B) theȱovumȱfinishesȱmeiosisȱII. C) theȱmaleȱandȱfemaleȱpronucleiȱfuse. D) meiosisȱoccurs. E) gametesȱareȱformed. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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6) Differentiationȱamongȱblastomeresȱisȱtheȱresultȱof A) enzymesȱintroducedȱbyȱtheȱsperm. B) hormonesȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱovum. C) anȱunequalȱdistributionȱofȱregulatoryȱmoleculesȱinȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱtheȱovum. D) regulatorȱmoleculesȱsuppliedȱbyȱcellsȱofȱtheȱuterus. E) enzymesȱactivatedȱbyȱtheȱsperm. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

7) Eachȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstatementsȱconcerningȱdevelopmentȱisȱtrue,ȱexcept that A) theȱtermȱinductionȱrefersȱtoȱtheȱchemicalȱinterplayȱbetweenȱdevelopingȱcells. B) theȱdevelopingȱoocyteȱreceivesȱmoleculesȱthatȱaffectȱdevelopmentȱfromȱtheȱsurroundingȱgranulosaȱcells. C) eachȱblastomereȱreceivesȱexactlyȱtheȱsameȱcytoplasmicȱcomposition. D) differencesȱinȱaȱcellȇsȱcytoplasmicȱmakeupȱaffectȱtheȱcellȇsȱgeneticȱactivity. E) cellsȱreleaseȱmoleculesȱthatȱaffectȱtheȱdevelopmentalȱprocessȱofȱneighboringȱcells. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱperiodȱofȱgestationȱthatȱisȱcharacterizedȱbyȱrapidȱfetalȱgrowthȱandȱfatȱdepositionȱisȱtheȱ________ȱtrimester. A) first B) second C) third Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱperiodȱofȱgestationȱwhenȱtheȱrudimentsȱofȱallȱmajorȱorganȱsystemsȱareȱestablishedȱisȱtheȱ________ trimester. A) first B) second C) third Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱperiodȱofȱgestationȱwhenȱorgansȱandȱorganȱsystemsȱcompleteȱmostȱofȱtheirȱdevelopmentȱandȱtheȱfetus looksȱdistinctlyȱhumanȱisȱtheȱ________ȱtrimester. A) first B) second C) third Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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11) Theȱprocessȱofȱcellȱdivisionȱthatȱdividesȱtheȱcytoplasmȱofȱtheȱzygoteȱamongȱblastomeresȱisȱcalled A) cleavage. B) implantation. C) placentation. D) embryogenesis. E) blastulation. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Theȱpenetrationȱofȱtheȱendometriumȱbyȱtheȱblastocystȱisȱreferredȱtoȱas A) cleavage. B) implantation. C) placentation. D) embryogenesis. E) fertilization. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) ________ȱareȱnearlyȱidenticalȱcellsȱthatȱareȱproducedȱbyȱearlyȱcleavages. A) Blastomeres B) Morulas C) Gastrulas D) Amnions E) Blastulas Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Theȱsolidȱballȱofȱcellsȱthatȱhasȱbeenȱlikenedȱtoȱaȱmulberryȱisȱcalledȱa A) chorion. B) blastula. C) gastrula. D) morula. E) blastocyst. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Aȱblastocystȱisȱa(n) A) extraembryonicȱmembrane. B) solidȱballȱofȱcells. C) hollowȱballȱofȱcells. D) portionȱofȱtheȱplacenta. E) originȱofȱtheȱurinaryȱbladder. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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16) Theȱinnerȱcellȱmassȱofȱtheȱblastocystȱwill A) formȱtheȱplacenta. B) formȱtheȱmorula. C) formȱtheȱembryo. D) formȱbloodȱvesselsȱofȱtheȱplacenta. E) provideȱnutrientsȱforȱearlyȱgrowth. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

17) Duringȱimplantation,ȱthe A) syncytialȱtrophoblastȱerodesȱaȱpathȱthroughȱtheȱendometrium. B) innerȱcellȱmassȱbeginsȱtoȱformȱtheȱplacenta. C) maternalȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱendometriumȱareȱwalledȱoffȱfromȱtheȱblastocyst. D) entireȱtrophoblastȱbecomesȱsyncytial. E) innerȱcellȱmassȱisȱtemporarilyȱdeprivedȱofȱnutrients. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Underȱtheȱinfluenceȱofȱtheȱtrophoblast,ȱmaternalȱbloodȱvesselsȱinȱtheȱendometrium A) disappear. B) attachȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱcellȱmass. C) breakȱdownȱandȱformȱlacunae. D) formȱaȱcapillaryȱnetworkȱinȱtheȱtrophoblast. E) increaseȱinȱsizeȱandȱpenetrateȱtheȱblastocyst. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Aȱspaceȱopensȱwithinȱtheȱinnerȱcellȱmassȱthatȱwillȱformȱthe A) blastocoele. B) lacunae. C) amnioticȱcavity. D) chorion. E) allantois. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Theȱplacentaȱisȱaȱsourceȱofȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱhormones? A) hCG B) relaxin C) placentalȱlactogen D) progesterone E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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21) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱoneȱofȱtheȱcriticalȱeventsȱofȱtheȱfirstȱtrimester? A) cleavage B) implantation C) placentation D) embryogenesis E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

22) Duringȱgastrulation, A) theȱblastomeresȱfuse. B) theȱplacentaȱpenetratesȱtheȱendometrium. C) threeȱgermȱlayersȱareȱformed. D) cellsȱfromȱtheȱhypoblastȱmoveȱtoȱtheȱepiblast. E) theȱneuralȱtubeȱcloses. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱregionȱknownȱasȱtheȱprimitiveȱstreakȱisȱtheȱsiteȱof A) migrationȱofȱmesodermalȱcellsȱtoȱformȱtheȱendoderm. B) endodermȱformation. C) ectodermȱformation. D) migrationȱofȱectodermalȱcellsȱtoȱformȱtheȱmesoderm. E) amnionȱformation. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) Theȱectodermȱforms A) muscle. B) blood. C) neuralȱtissues. D) theȱliningȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract. E) theȱurinaryȱsystem. Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) Theȱmesodermȱforms A) muscle. B) skin. C) theȱbrain. D) theȱliningȱofȱtheȱdigestiveȱtract. E) respiratoryȱepithelium. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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26) Theȱendodermȱforms A) muscle. B) blood. C) neuralȱtissue. D) skin. E) theȱurinaryȱbladder. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

27) Theȱextraembryonicȱmembraneȱthatȱformsȱbloodȱisȱthe A) yolkȱsac. B) amnion. C) allantois. D) chorion. E) decidua. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) Theȱextraembryonicȱmembraneȱthatȱformsȱaȱfluid-filledȱsacȱisȱthe A) yolkȱsac. B) amnion. C) allantois. D) chorion. E) decidua. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) Theȱextraembryonicȱmembraneȱthatȱgivesȱriseȱtoȱtheȱurinaryȱbladderȱisȱthe A) yolkȱsac. B) allantois. C) amnion. D) chorion. E) decidua. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) Theȱextraembryonicȱmembraneȱthatȱformsȱtheȱfetalȱportionȱofȱtheȱplacentaȱisȱthe A) yolkȱsac. B) amnion. C) allantois. D) chorion. E) decidua. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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31) Theȱhormoneȱthatȱincreasesȱtheȱflexibilityȱofȱtheȱpubicȱsymphysisȱduringȱpregnancyȱis A) luteinizingȱhormone. B) progesterone. C) humanȱchorionicȱgonadotropin. D) humanȱplacentalȱlactogen. E) relaxin. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Ifȱfertilizationȱoccurs,ȱtheȱ________ȱisȱmaintainedȱbecauseȱtheȱembryoȱsecretesȱ________. A) corpusȱalbicans;ȱhumanȱchorionicȱgonadotrophin B) corpusȱluteum;ȱluteinizingȱhormone C) corpusȱcavernosum;ȱhumanȱchorionicȱgonadotrophin D) corpusȱluteum;ȱhumanȱchorionicȱgonadotrophin E) corpusȱalbicans;ȱplacentalȱprolactin Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

33) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccurȱduringȱpregnancy,ȱexcept that A) aȱwomanȇsȱrespiratoryȱrateȱandȱtidalȱvolumeȱincrease. B) maternalȱbloodȱvolumeȱincreases. C) maternalȱnutrientȱrequirementsȱincrease. D) aȱwomanȇsȱglomerularȱfiltrationȱrateȱincreases. E) aȱwomanȇsȱbladderȱcapacityȱincreases. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Duringȱgestation,ȱcontractionȱofȱtheȱmyometriumȱisȱinhibitedȱbyȱ________,ȱproducedȱbyȱtheȱcorpusȱluteum. A) progesterone B) estrogen C) oxytocin D) prostaglandins E) inhibin Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱfirstȱstageȱofȱlaborȱisȱtheȱ________ȱstage. A) dilation B) expulsion C) placental D) decidual E) neonate Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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36) Theȱstageȱofȱlaborȱduringȱwhichȱtheȱfetusȱemergesȱfromȱtheȱvaginaȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ________ȱstage. A) emergence B) dilation C) placental D) expulsion E) fetal Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

37) Theȱplacentaȱisȱaȱsourceȱofȱwhichȱofȱtheseȱhormones? A) hCG B) relaxin C) placentalȱlactogen D) progesterone E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱoccurȱatȱpuberty,ȱexcept that A) FSHȱlevelsȱrise. B) GnRHȱlevelsȱdecline. C) levelsȱofȱsexȱhormonesȱrise. D) gametogenesisȱbegins. E) secondaryȱsexualȱcharacteristicsȱbeginȱdevelop. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Asȱaȱpersonȱages A) theȱskinȱbecomesȱmoreȱelastic. B) lungȱtissueȱbecomesȱmoreȱelastic. C) peristalsisȱandȱmuscleȱtoneȱdecrease. D) hormoneȱlevelsȱdecrease. E) bothȱCȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) Factorsȱinvolvedȱinȱsenescenceȱincludeȱallȱofȱtheȱfollowing,ȱexcept a(n) A) decreaseȱinȱtheȱsizeȱofȱsomeȱcellȱpopulations. B) accumulationȱofȱmutations. C) reductionȱinȱimmuneȱresponse. D) reducedȱmitosisȱinȱstemȱcells. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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41) Non-sexȱchromosomesȱareȱcalled A) homologous. B) homozygous. C) heterozygous. D) autosomal. E) chromatids. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Completionȱofȱcytokinesisȱleadsȱto A) aȱdoublingȱofȱblastomereȱnumber. B) aȱdivisionȱofȱtheȱcytoplasmȱintoȱtwoȱportions. C) interphase. D) bothȱAȱandȱB E) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

43) Theȱalternateȱformsȱofȱanyȱoneȱgeneȱareȱcalled A) homologous. B) homozygous. C) heterozygous. D) autosomes. E) alleles. Answer: E Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

44) Ifȱanȱindividualȱcarriesȱaȱpairȱofȱallelesȱthatȱareȱtheȱsame,ȱtheȱindividualȱisȱ________ȱforȱtheȱtrait. A) homologous B) homozygous C) heterozygous D) autosomous E) polygenic Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Ifȱanȱindividualȱcarriesȱtwoȱdifferentȱallelesȱforȱtheȱsameȱtrait,ȱtheȱindividualȱisȱ________ȱforȱtheȱtrait. A) homologous B) homozygous C) heterozygous D) autosomous E) polygenic Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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46) Inȱsimpleȱautosomalȱinheritance,ȱphenotypicȱcharactersȱareȱdetermined,ȱorȱcontrolled,ȱby A) aȱsingleȱpairȱofȱalleles. B) multipleȱalleles. C) theȱactionȱofȱaȱsingleȱgene. D) regulatorȱgenesȱonȱaȱdifferentȱchromosome. E) theȱgenesȱonȱtheȱYȱchromosome. Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

47) Inȱpolygenicȱinheritance,ȱphenotypicȱcharactersȱare A) determinedȱbyȱaȱdoubleȱpairȱofȱalleles. B) determinedȱbyȱinteractionsȱamongȱseveralȱgenes. C) determinedȱbyȱmultipleȱcopiesȱofȱaȱsingleȱgene. D) alwaysȱcontrolledȱbyȱgenesȱonȱtheȱsameȱchromosome. E) determinedȱbyȱtheȱgenesȱonȱtheȱYȱchromosome. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

48) Embryologicalȱandȱearlyȱfetalȱdevelopmentȱoccurȱinȱtheȱ________ȱtrimester. A) first B) second C) third D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

49) Inȱ________,ȱimplantationȱoccursȱsomewhereȱotherȱthanȱinȱtheȱuterus. A) ectopicȱpregnancy B) hydramnios C) placentaȱprevia D) abortion E) spontaneousȱabortion Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

50) Theȱtrophoblastȱhasȱmanyȱofȱtheȱcharacteristicsȱofȱ________ȱcells. A) cardiac B) cancer C) infectious D) rejuvenating E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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51) Byȱdayȱ12ȱofȱembryonicȱdevelopment,ȱmesodermȱbeginsȱtoȱformȱthrough A) embryolization. B) gastrulation. C) mitosis. D) meiosis. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

52) Shortlyȱafterȱgastrulation,ȱtheȱbodyȱandȱorgansȱofȱtheȱembryoȱbeginȱtoȱform.ȱThisȱprocessȱisȱcalled A) cleavage. B) implantation. C) placentation. D) embryogenesis. E) germination. Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

53) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱallantois,ȱexcept that A) itȱderivesȱpartlyȱfromȱendoderm. B) itȱprojectsȱintoȱtheȱumbilicalȱcord. C) itȱstoresȱnitrogenousȱwastes. D) partȱwillȱdevelopȱasȱtheȱurinaryȱbladder. E) itȱactsȱasȱtheȱfetalȱboneȱmarrow. Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

54) Ectodermȱisȱtoȱ________ȱasȱmesodermȱisȱtoȱ________. A) neuralȱtissue;ȱmuscleȱtissue B) cardiovascularȱsystem;ȱneuralȱtissue C) mesoderm;ȱendoderm D) neuralȱtissue;ȱconnectiveȱtissue E) bothȱAȱandȱD Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

55) Theȱmesodermȱandȱtheȱtrophoblastȱcombineȱtoȱformȱthe A) amnion. B) amnioticȱsac. C) chorion. D) allantois. E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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56) Initially,ȱtheȱnutrientsȱabsorbedȱbyȱtheȱtrophoblastȱeasilyȱreachȱtheȱinnerȱcellȱmassȱbyȱsimple A) osmosis. B) diffusion. C) peristalsis. D) ciliaryȱaction. E) convection. Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

57) Theȱneonatalȱperiodȱextends A) forȱtheȱfirstȱ24ȱhoursȱofȱlife. B) forȱtheȱfirstȱmonthȱofȱlife. C) untilȱtheȱfirstȱbirthday. D) fromȱdayȱ1ȱuntilȱdayȱ60. E) untilȱbreastȱfeedingȱstops. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

58) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱrecognizedȱclassesȱofȱabortion? A) spontaneous B) therapeutic C) induced D) allȱofȱtheȱabove E) AȱandȱCȱonly Answer: D Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

59) Byȱtheȱendȱofȱgestation,ȱmaternalȱbloodȱvolumeȱnormallyȱincreasesȱbyȱalmostȱ________ȱpercent. A) 20 B) 25 C) 50 D) 80 E) 100 Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

60) Theȱinfancyȱstageȱofȱlifeȱisȱconsideredȱtoȱbeȱoverȱat A) ageȱ1. B) ageȱ2. C) 6ȱmonths. D) 1ȱmonth. E) 18ȱmonths. Answer: B Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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61) Whichȱofȱtheseȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱextraembryonicȱmembranes? A) yolkȱsac B) amnion C) allantois D) chorion E) umbilicalȱcord Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

62) ________ȱisȱtheȱmedicalȱspecialtyȱthatȱfocusesȱonȱpostnatalȱdevelopmentȱfromȱinfancyȱtoȱadolescence. A) Geriatrics B) Orthopedics C) Pediatrics D) Psychiatrics E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: C Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

63) Theȱgradualȱmodificationȱofȱanatomicalȱstructuresȱduringȱtheȱperiodȱfromȱconceptionȱtoȱmaturityȱis A) development. B) differentiation. C) embryogenesis. D) capacitation. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: A Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

64) Proteolyticȱenzymesȱthatȱdigestȱaȱpathȱthroughȱtheȱzonaȱpellucidaȱinclude A) hyaluronidaseȱandȱhCG. B) hyaluronidaseȱandȱacrosin. C) acrosinȱandȱcollagenase. D) relaxinȱandȱhyalouronidase. E) bothȱAȱandȱC Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

65) Contactȱofȱaȱspermȱwithȱtheȱoocyteȱmembrane,ȱcauses A) oocyteȱactivation. B) completionȱofȱtheȱsecondȱmeiosis. C) extrusionȱofȱtheȱsecondȱpolarȱbody. D) membraneȱfusion. E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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66) Theȱdevelopmentalȱperiodȱwithȱtheȱhighestȱrelativeȱrateȱofȱgrowthȱis A) firstȱtrimester. B) secondȱtrimester. C) thirdȱtrimester. D) infancy. E) adolescence. Answer: A Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

67) Theȱprostaglandinsȱproducedȱinȱtheȱendometrium A) initiateȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱoxytocinȱforȱparturition. B) stimulateȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcontractions. C) initiateȱsecretoryȱactivityȱinȱtheȱmammaryȱglands. D) A,ȱB,ȱandȱC E) noneȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

68) Ifȱaȱcolor-blindȱ(X-linkedȱrecessiveȱtrait)ȱmanȱmarriesȱaȱwomanȱwhoȱisȱheterozygousȱforȱtheȱtrait,ȱwhat proportionȱofȱtheirȱmaleȱoffspringȱcanȱbeȱexpectedȱtoȱbeȱcolorȱblind? A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) all E) none Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

69) Stretchingȱofȱtheȱcervixȱcausesȱanȱincreaseȱinȱtheȱbloodȱlevelsȱof A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) oxytocin. D) relaxin. E) chorionicȱgonadotropin. Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

70) Duringȱearlyȱdevelopment,ȱtheȱYȱchromosomeȱproducesȱaȱsubstanceȱcalledȱȈtestisȱdeterminingȱfactorȈȱ(TDF) thatȱcausesȱtheȱindifferentȱgonadȱtoȱbecomeȱaȱtestis.ȱThisȱwouldȱbeȱanȱexampleȱof A) capacitation. B) activation. C) differentiation. D) induction. E) predilection. Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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71) Progesteroneȱcalmsȱtheȱmyometriumȱandȱpreventsȱcontraction.ȱWhatȱfactorsȱantagonizeȱprogesteroneȱand triggerȱlaborȱandȱdelivery? A) risingȱestrogenȱlevelsȱincreaseȱsensitivity B) risingȱoxytocinȱlevelsȱleadȱtoȱuterineȱcontractions C) distortionȱofȱtheȱmyometrium D) distortionȱofȱtheȱcervix E) allȱofȱtheȱabove Answer: E Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

72) Whichȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱaboutȱtheȱtrophoblastȱisȱfalse? A) secretesȱhyalouronidaseȱtoȱerodeȱendometrialȱcellȱadhesion. B) absorbsȱnutrientsȱreleasedȱbyȱdegeneratingȱendometrialȱglands C) hasȱbothȱanȱacellularȱandȱcellularȱcomponent D) isȱderivedȱfromȱtheȱinnerȱcellȱmass E) causesȱmaternalȱbloodȱvesselsȱtoȱbreakȱdown Answer: D Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

73) Whichȱofȱtheseȱstatementsȱaboutȱectopicȱpregnancyȱisȱfalse? A) Theȱembryoȱmayȱimplantȱinȱtheȱuterineȱtube. B) Theȱmotherȇsȱlifeȱmayȱbeȱendangered. C) Vaginalȱdeliveryȱisȱoftenȱpossible. D) Itȱoccursȱinȱlessȱthanȱ1ȱpercentȱofȱpregnancies. E) Itȱdoesȱnotȱyieldȱaȱviableȱembryo. Answer: C Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Figureȱ29- 1ȱEarlyȱHumanȱDevelopment UseȱFigureȱ29- 1ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 74) IdentifyȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) zygoticȱtwins B) morula C) blastomere D) trophoblast E) polarȱbodies Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

75) IdentifyȱtheȱstageȱlabeledȱȈ12.Ȉ A) zygote B) earlyȱmorula C) blastocyst D) trophoblast E) lateȱmorula Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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76) IdentifyȱtheȱstageȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) zygote B) earlyȱmorula C) blastomere D) trophoblast E) advancedȱȱmorula Answer: E Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

77) WhatȱisȱtheȱdevelopmentalȱfateȱofȱȈ9?Ȉ A) formsȱtheȱembryo B) formsȱtheȱtrophoblast C) formsȱtheȱchorion D) formsȱtheȱplacenta E) formsȱtheȱdeciduaȱparietalis Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

78) IdentifyȱwhatȱprocessȱisȱoccurringȱatȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ13.Ȉ A) fertilization B) ovulation C) implantation D) migration E) gastrulation Answer: C Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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Figureȱ29- 2ȱFetusȱatȱ10ȱWeeks UseȱFigureȱ29- 2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 79) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ4.Ȉ A) amnion B) chorion C) deciduaȱbasalis D) placenta E) endometrium Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

80) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ7.Ȉ A) amnion B) chorion C) deciduaȱbasalis D) placenta E) endometrium Answer: B Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

81) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) umbilicalȱcord B) placenta C) deciduaȱbasalis D) deciduaȱcapsularis E) yolkȱsac Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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82) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ6.Ȉ A) umbilicalȱcord B) placenta C) deciduaȱbasalis D) amnion E) deciduaȱparietalis Answer: D Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

83) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ2.Ȉ A) deciduaȱbasalis B) chorion C) amnion D) placenta E) endometrium Answer: A Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

ShortȱAnswerȱQuestions 1) ________ȱisȱtheȱtimeȱspentȱinȱprenatalȱdevelopment. Answer: Gestation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

2) Theȱouterȱlayerȱofȱtheȱblastocystȱthatȱcanȱpenetrateȱtheȱendometriumȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: trophoblast Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

3) Theȱhollowȱcavityȱwithinȱtheȱblastocystȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: blastocoele Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

4) Eventsȱinȱtheȱfirstȱ12ȱweeksȱofȱgestationȱestablishȱtheȱbasisȱforȱ________,ȱtheȱprocessȱofȱorganȱformation. Answer: organogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

5) Theȱalmostȱidenticalȱcellsȱproducedȱbyȱcleavageȱdivisionsȱareȱcalled________. Answer: blastomeres Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

6) Theȱprocessȱbyȱwhichȱaȱviableȱembryoȱisȱformedȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: embryogenesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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7) Placentalȱfunctionsȱareȱconcentratedȱinȱaȱdisc-shapedȱareaȱinȱtheȱendometriumȱcalledȱtheȱ________. Answer: deciduaȱbasalis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

8) Theȱ________ȱisȱtheȱportionȱofȱtheȱendometriumȱnotȱinȱcontactȱwithȱtheȱchorion. Answer: deciduaȱparietalis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

9) Theȱ________ȱisȱformedȱbyȱtheȱallantois,ȱbloodȱvessels,ȱandȱyolkȱsac. Answer: umbilicalȱcord Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

10) Theȱbloodȱvesselsȱthatȱcarryȱdeoxygenatedȱbloodȱtoȱtheȱplacentaȱareȱtheȱ________. Answer: umbilicalȱarteries Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

11) Theȱbloodȱvesselȱthatȱcarriesȱoxygenatedȱbloodȱawayȱfromȱtheȱplacentaȱisȱtheȱ________. Answer: umbilicalȱvein Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

12) Uterineȱcontractionsȱthatȱareȱirregularȱandȱbriefȱthatȱoccurȱtowardȱtheȱendȱofȱgestationȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: falseȱlabor Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

13) Aȱtrimesterȱisȱ________ȱmonthsȱlong. Answer: 3ȱorȱthree Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

14) Inȱa(n)ȱ________ȱanȱincisionȱisȱmadeȱinȱtheȱperinealȱmusculature. Answer: episiotomy Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

15) Polyspermiaȱisȱpreventedȱbyȱtheȱ________ȱreaction. Answer: cortical Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

16) Theȱ________ȱstageȱisȱtheȱstageȱofȱlaborȱduringȱwhichȱtheȱplacentaȱisȱexpelledȱfromȱtheȱuterus. Answer: placental Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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17) Theȱ________ȱperiodȱextendsȱfromȱbirthȱtoȱ1ȱmonth. Answer: neonatal Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

18) Theȱperiodȱfromȱ1ȱmonthȱtoȱ2ȱyearsȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: infancy Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

19) Theȱperiodȱfromȱ2ȱyearsȱtoȱpubertyȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: childhood Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

20) Howȱmanyȱchromosomesȱdoȱhumanȱgametesȱcontain? Answer: 23 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

21) Howȱmanyȱchromosomesȱdoȱhumanȱsomaticȱcellsȱcontain? Answer: 46 Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

22) Theȱoriginalȱ46ȱchromosomesȱandȱtheirȱcomponentȱgenesȱconstituteȱanȱindividualȇsȱ________. Answer: genotype Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

23) Theȱtraitsȱofȱanȱindividualȱcontrolledȱbyȱhisȱorȱherȱgenotypeȱareȱhisȱorȱherȱ________. Answer: phenotype Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

24) A(n)ȱ________ȱalleleȱwillȱalwaysȱbeȱexpressedȱregardlessȱofȱwhatȱtheȱotherȱalleleȱhappensȱtoȱbe. Answer: dominant Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

25) A(n)ȱ________ȱalleleȱisȱexpressedȱonlyȱwhenȱhomozygous. Answer: recessive Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

26) Theȱcellȱthatȱresultsȱfromȱtheȱfusionȱofȱaȱsecondaryȱoocyteȱandȱaȱspermatozoonȱisȱcalledȱaȱ________. Answer: zygote Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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27) Theȱ________ȱchromosomesȱdetermineȱgender. Answer: sex Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

28) GenesȱthatȱappearȱonȱtheȱXȱchromosomeȱareȱsaidȱtoȱbeȱ________. Answer: Xȱlinked Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

29) AȱzygoteȱwhoseȱgenotypeȱisȱXXȱwillȱdevelopȱasȱaȱ________. Answer: female Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

30) AȱzygoteȱwhoseȱgenotypeȱisȱXYȱwillȱdevelopȱasȱaȱ________. Answer: male Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

31) Twinsȱthatȱresultȱfromȱtwoȱdifferentȱovaȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: dizygoticȱorȱfraternalȱtwins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

32) Twinsȱthatȱoccurȱwhenȱblastomeresȱseparateȱareȱcalledȱ________. Answer: monozygoticȱorȱidenticalȱtwins Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

33) IdenticalȱtwinsȱthatȱshareȱbodyȱstructuresȱareȱcalledȱSiameseȱorȱ________ȱtwins. Answer: conjoined Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

34) Inȱ________,ȱaȱsampleȱofȱamnioticȱfluidȱisȱremovedȱandȱtheȱfetalȱcellsȱitȱcontainsȱareȱanalyzed. Answer: amniocentesis Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

35) Theȱdevelopmentalȱperiodȱheraldedȱbyȱtheȱonsetȱofȱpubertyȱisȱknownȱasȱ________. Answer: adolescence Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

36) ________,ȱtheȱformationȱofȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱcellsȱrequiredȱinȱdevelopment,ȱoccursȱthroughȱselectiveȱchangesȱin geneticȱactivity. Answer: Differentiation Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

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37) Aȱ5 —6-kgȱ(11 —13-lb)ȱinfantȱusuallyȱrequiresȱaboutȱ________ȱmLȱofȱmilkȱperȱday. Answer: 850 Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

38) Bloodȱflowsȱtoȱtheȱplacentaȱthroughȱ________ȱumbilicalȱarteries. Answer: 2ȱorȱtwo Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

39) Theȱclearȱliquidȱsecretedȱbyȱtheȱmammaryȱglandsȱbeforeȱmilkȱproductionȱbeginsȱisȱcalledȱ________. Answer: colostrum Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

40) ________ȱisȱtheȱpercentageȱofȱindividualsȱwithȱaȱparticularȱgenotypeȱthatȱactuallyȱshowȱtheȱȈexpectedȈ phenotype. Answer: Penetrance Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

41) Theȱgradualȱmodificationȱofȱanatomicalȱstructuresȱandȱphysiologicȱcharacteristicsȱfromȱfertilizationȱtoȱmaturity isȱtermedȱ________. Answer: development Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

42) Amphimixisȱmarksȱtheȱactualȱmomentȱofȱconception. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

43) Fertilizationȱnormallyȱoccursȱwithinȱtheȱuterineȱtube. Answer: TRUE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

44) Fetalȱhemoglobinȱhasȱaȱlowerȱaffinityȱforȱoxygenȱthanȱmaternalȱhemoglobin. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

45) Theȱumbilicalȱcordȱcontainsȱaȱpairȱofȱarteriesȱandȱaȱpairȱofȱveins. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

46) Bloodȱinȱumbilicalȱarteriesȱisȱoxygenated. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

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47) Ectopicȱpregnancyȱoccursȱinȱaboutȱoneȱpregnancyȱoutȱofȱthousand. Answer: FALSE Diff:ȱ1 Skill: Levelȱ1ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱFactsȱandȱTerms

EssayȱQuestions 1) Outlineȱtheȱeventsȱthatȱtakeȱplaceȱbetweenȱexposureȱofȱtheȱoocyteȱtoȱspermatozoaȱandȱformationȱofȱtheȱfirst blastomereȱpair. Answer: Powerfulȱacrosomalȱhydrolasesȱreleasedȱfromȱtheȱspermȱheadȱcreateȱopeningsȱbetweenȱadherent granulosaȱcellsȱ(theȱcoronaȱradiata)ȱandȱpenetrateȱtheȱzonaȱpellucida.ȱAȱsolitaryȱspermȱpenetratesȱtoȱthe oocyteȱmembraneȱtoȱwhichȱitȱfuses,ȱsendingȱitsȱnucleusȱintoȱtheȱoocyte.ȱThisȱisȱtheȱmomentȱofȱ fertilization. Thisȱtriggersȱmaturationȱofȱtheȱhaploidȱmaternalȱpronucleus,ȱfollowedȱbyȱdevelopmentȱofȱtheȱmale pronucleus.ȱTheseȱthenȱfuseȱinȱtheȱactȱofȱamphimixis,ȱtheȱtrueȱcombiningȱofȱmaternalȱandȱpaternal haploidȱchromosomeȱsetsȱtoȱformȱaȱuniqueȱdiploidȱsetȱofȱ46.ȱSpindleȱfibersȱorganizeȱtheȱchromosomesȱon theȱmetaphaseȱplateȱafterȱtheȱnuclearȱenvelopesȱbreakȱdown.ȱAfterȱmitosisȱisȱcomplete,ȱcytokinesisȱtakes place,ȱdividingȱtheȱoriginalȱzygoteȱintoȱtwoȱdaughterȱcellsȱorȱpairȱofȱblastomeres.ȱThisȱtakesȱmoreȱthan 30ȱhoursȱtoȱcomplete. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

2) Whatȱactivityȱduringȱoocyteȱactivationȱpreventsȱpenetrationȱbyȱadditionalȱsperm? Answer: Theȱfirstȱspermȱtoȱpenetrateȱtheȱoocyteȱtriggersȱaȱsequenceȱofȱchangesȱthatȱblockȱentryȱbyȱotherȱsperm,ȱor polyspermia.ȱPolyspermyȱisȱpreventedȱbyȱdepolarizationȱofȱtheȱeggȱmembraneȱbyȱopeningȱofȱsodium channelsȱandȱbyȱtheȱcorticalȱreactionȱtriggeredȱbyȱtheȱreleaseȱofȱcalciumȱionȱfromȱsmoothȱERȱwithinȱthe oocyte.ȱTheȱcalciumȱionȱstimulatesȱtheȱvesiclesȱtoȱundergoȱexocytosis.ȱTheirȱcontentsȱcauseȱtheȱzona pellucidaȱtoȱharden,ȱcreatingȱaȱbarrierȱagainstȱfurtherȱspermȱpenetration. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ2ȱQuestions:ȱReviewingȱConcepts

3) Aȱnewȱmotherȱtellsȱyouȱthatȱwhenȱsheȱnursesȱherȱbaby,ȱsheȱfeelsȱasȱifȱsheȱisȱhavingȱmenstrualȱcramps.ȱHow wouldȱyouȱexplainȱthisȱphenomenon? Answer: Duringȱnursing,ȱtheȱmechanicalȱstimulusȱofȱsucklingȱtriggersȱaȱneuralȱreflexȱthatȱleadsȱtoȱtheȱreleaseȱof oxytocinȱfromȱtheȱposteriorȱpituitary.ȱOxytocinȱentersȱtheȱbloodstreamȱandȱstimulatesȱcontractileȱcells thatȱsurroundȱtheȱsecretoryȱcellsȱinȱtheȱmammaryȱglandsȱtoȱcontractȱandȱmoveȱmilkȱintoȱtheȱlactiferous sinuses –theȱmilkȱlet-downȱreflex.ȱOxytocinȱalsoȱstimulatesȱsmoothȱmuscleȱcellsȱofȱtheȱmyometrium,ȱso theȱriseȱinȱoxytocinȱsometimesȱleadsȱtoȱuterineȱcontractionsȱasȱwell,ȱproducingȱaȱfeelingȱsimilarȱto menstrualȱcramping.ȱTheȱuterineȱcontractionsȱhelpȱstemȱuterineȱbleeding. Diff:ȱ2 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

4) Listȱandȱbrieflyȱcharacterizeȱtheȱthreeȱtrimestersȱofȱgestation. Answer: Forȱconvenience,ȱweȱthinkȱofȱtheȱgestationȱperiodȱasȱconsistingȱofȱthreeȱintegratedȱtrimesters,ȱeach lastingȱ3ȱmonthsȱinȱduration:ȱ(1)ȱTheȱfirstȱtrimesterȱisȱtheȱperiodȱofȱembryologicalȱandȱearlyȱfetal development.ȱDuringȱthisȱperiod,ȱtheȱrudimentsȱofȱallȱtheȱmajorȱorganȱsystemsȱappear.ȱ(2)ȱTheȱsecond trimesterȱisȱdominatedȱbyȱtheȱdevelopmentȱofȱorgansȱandȱorganȱsystems,ȱaȱprocessȱthatȱnears completionȱbyȱtheȱendȱofȱtheȱsixthȱmonth.ȱDuringȱthisȱperiod,ȱbodyȱshapeȱandȱproportionsȱchange;ȱby theȱendȱofȱthisȱtrimester,ȱtheȱfetusȱlooksȱdistinctivelyȱhuman.ȱ(3)ȱTheȱthirdȱtrimesterȱisȱcharacterizedȱby rapidȱfetalȱgrowthȱandȱdepositionȱofȱadiposeȱtissue.ȱEarlyȱinȱtheȱthirdȱtrimester,ȱmostȱofȱtheȱfetusȇsȱmajor organȱsystemsȱbecomeȱfullyȱfunctional. Diff:ȱ3 Skill: Levelȱ3ȱQuestions:ȱCriticalȱThinkingȱ&ȱClinicalȱApplications

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Bio130

Practice Quiz

Name____________________

Chapters 14 & 16 (part) (Brain & General Senses) 1) Which of the following links the cerebral hemispheres with the brain stem? A) medulla oblongata B) pons C) mesencephalon D) diencephalon E) cerebellum 2) The tracts that “bridge” the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus. 3) Major centers concerned with autonomic control of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and digestive activities are located in the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) mesencephalon. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum. 4) What structure is highly vascular and closely adheres to the surface of the brain? A) pia mater B) arachnoid C) dura mater D) cranial plexus E) choroid plexus 5) Cerebrospinal fluid A) is secreted by ependymal cells in the choroid plexus. B) is formed by a passive process. C) is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed. D) has exactly the same composition as blood plasma. E) both A and D

6) The area anterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) insula. 7) The term general senses refers to sensations of all of the following, except sensitivity to A) temperature. B) light. C) touch. D) vibration. E) pain. 8) Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called A) nociceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) baroreceptors. D) proprioceptors. E) thermoreceptors. 9) The general senses A) involve receptors that are relatively simple. B) are located in specialized structures called sense organs. C) are localized in specific areas of the body. D) do not conduct action potentials. E) both C and D 10) Pain receptors are to _____ as temperature receptors are to _____. A) nociceptors; thermoreceptors B) baroreceptors; chemoreceptors C) baroreceptors; nociceptors D) chemoreceptors; nociceptors E) baroreceptors; thermoreceptors Bonus Question - (Note: 100% is maximum quiz score): The diencephalon is made up of which two structures? Thalamus & Hypothalamus