Sociology in Modules 5th Edition by Richard T. Schaefer Test Bank by ACADEMIAMILL

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 01 Understanding Sociology 1) The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called A) the sociological imagination. B) anthropology. C) a theory. D) verstehen. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's A) cultural capital. B) conflict perspective. C) double consciousness. D) sociological imagination. Answer: D Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society A) from the perspective of personal experience. B) from the perspective of cultural biases. C) as an outsider. D) as an insider. Answer: C Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce A) is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women. B) is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern. C) may create emotional scars for divorcees. D) has been a serious problem throughout history. Answer: B Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as A) psychology. B) political science. C) anthropology. D) sociology. Answer: D Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(n) A) theory. B) verstehen. C) science. D) ideal type. Answer: C Topic: Social sciences Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Sociology is considered a science because sociologists A) teach at respected universities. B) engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding. C) receive government funding for research projects. D) construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior. Answer: B Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history are fields within the A) natural sciences. B) social sciences. C) medical sciences. D) humanities. Answer: B Topic: Social sciences Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behavior and the ways in which people shape society? A) Anthropology B) Economics C) Sociology D) Physics Answer: C Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Which social science would be interested in studying individual cases of emotional stress among workers, investors, and business owners? A) History B) Economics C) Sociology D) Psychology Answer: D Topic: Social sciences Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) A social scientist would be likely to study the A) composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia. B) reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S. C) newest procedure in heart transplant surgery. D) possibility of life on Mars. Answer: B Topic: Social sciences Learning Objective: Differentiate the natural sciences, social sciences, and sociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are not A) published. B) reliable. C) politically correct. D) easily disseminated. Answer: B Topic: Common sense Learning Objective: Distinguish sociology from common sense knowledge about society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner is called a(n) A) science. B) typology. C) theory. D) ideal type. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) In Émile Durkheim's study of suicide, he related suicide rates to A) personal depression. B) personal stress. C) the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society. D) climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he A) developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data. B) carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims. C) worked in a university setting. D) divided suicide into four distinctive categories. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of A) suicide. B) abortion. C) soccer. D) crowd control. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 17) The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist A) Émile Durkheim. B) Auguste Comte. C) Harriet Martineau. D) Marcel Marceau. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 18) Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems? A) Émile Durkheim B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Talcott Parsons Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

19) Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time? A) Émile Durkheim B) Charles Darwin C) Harriet Martineau D) Herbert Spencer Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 20) Anomie refers to a A) model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. B) loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. C) classification scheme containing two or more categories. D) type of suicide that is based on depression. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by A) Auguste Comte. B) Émile Durkheim. C) Max Weber. D) C. Wright Mills. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was A) verstehen. B) cultural capital. C) anomie. D) social capital. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing A) alienation. B) anomie. C) verstehen. D) globalization techniques. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) An ideal type is a(n) A) body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. B) construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. C) detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. D) initiator of people's attitudes or behavior. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, would form an example of a(n) A) typology. B) ideal type. C) verstehen. D) hypothesis. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must A) ally with capitalists to build a better world. B) try to work toward a return to feudalism. C) overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies. D) ignore all aspects of class divisions. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles…. The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" A) bourgeoisie B) proletarians C) Vulcans D) middle classes Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. A) environmental, economic, and cultural B) social, cultural, and political C) political, environmental, and social D) economic, social, and political Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between A) separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests. B) economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. C) different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests. D) the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? A) Robert Merton B) Jane Addams C) W. E. B. DuBois D) C. Wright Mills Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

31) For W. E. B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice? A) Mass protests B) Common sense C) Knowledge D) Surveys Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) W. E. B. DuBois saw the importance of religion to society, and he focused on religion at the A) personal level. B) community level. C) state level. D) national level. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as A) racial fetishism. B) double rejection. C) bipolar racism. D) double consciousness. Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

34) W. E. B. DuBois developed the concept of A) double consciousness. B) racial fetishism. C) double rejection. D) bipolar racism. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) In his study of society, Charles Horton Cooley focused on A) class issues. B) divorce. C) intimate, face-to-face groups. D) suicide. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 36) Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as A) settlement houses. B) communes. C) collective homes. D) utopian communities. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

37) Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the 20th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to A) theorizing and gathering information. B) a de-emphasis on the scientific method. C) applied sociology. D) advocacy of civil rights for minorities. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 38) Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? A) C. Wright Mills B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Robert Merton Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 39) Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital? A) the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks B) knowledge of great American authors C) a close network of extended relatives D) knowledge of Laotian cuisine Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

40) Networks, which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as A) cultural capital. B) latent functions. C) manifest functions. D) social capital. Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as A) microsociology. B) interactionism. C) macrosociology. D) dramaturgy. Answer: C Topic: Macrosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 42) ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. A) Microsociology B) Macrosociology C) Middle-range sociology D) Conflict theory Answer: A Topic: Microsociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

43) A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France, is an example of A) alienation. B) anomie. C) microsociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: D Topic: Macrosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 44) A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college. This would be an example of A) conflict theory. B) functionalism. C) macrosociology. D) microsociology. Answer: D Topic: Microsociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 45) ________ embraces the study of formal organizations and social movements. A) Global sociology B) Microsociology C) Macrosociology D) Mesosociology Answer: D Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) Studying the impact of the Dakota Access Pipeline on the environment is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: A Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 47) The study and comparison of the cultural norms of two nations is a component of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: D Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 48) The study of international crime rates is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: D Topic: Global sociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

49) Émile Durkheim's cross-cultural study of suicide falls under the category of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) global sociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: C Topic: Global sociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? A) Karl Marx B) Erving Goffman C) Max Weber D) Talcott Parsons Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 51) Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

52) An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution is referred to as A) manifest. B) conflict. C) dysfunction. D) latent. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 53) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 54) According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life would be passed on from one generation to the next if it A) can be used by one group to subjugate another group. B) enhances impression management. C) promotes value consensus among members of a society. D) is dysfunctional. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

55) Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? A) They are a place to meet future husbands or wives. B) They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively. C) They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S. D) They prepare students for post-college careers. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 56) In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) The state of Ohio has a dwindling population. In an effort to increase the birthrate in the state, it offers a $5,000 bonus to all families giving birth in the state for the next three years. Which of the following is the latent function? A) an increase in the birth rate for the state of Ohio B) an increase in the population in the state of Ohio C) an increase in the need for teachers as a result of more children in the Ohio educational system D) an increase in the state's budget deficit due to the number of bonuses distributed to families Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

58) Which sociological perspectives are most concerned with macro-level analysis? A) functionalist and interactionist perspectives B) global and interactionist perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) functionalist and conflict perspectives Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) A sociologist who studies the unequal economic reality between men and women would probably be following which of the following perspectives? A) functionalism B) interactionism C) conflict D) globalism Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 60) An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) dysfunction. D) conflict function. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

61) Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This could be considered an example of a A) dysfunction of families. B) latent function of families. C) manifest function of families. D) proactive function of families. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 62) Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 63) Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

64) How institutions, such as the government, may help to maintain the privileges of some groups is a topic of interest for A) globalization theorists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionist theorists. D) functionalist theorists. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 65) Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 66) Which sociologist explored what it meant to be female and Black living in the U.S.? A) Jane Addams B) Ida Wells-Barnett C) Harriet Martineau D) Sherry Turkle Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

67) Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 68) Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation. A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 69) Theorist Eve Sedgwick (1990) argues that any analysis of society is incomplete if it does not include A) both macro- and micro-level views of the subject of study. B) a consideration of the patriarchal nature of government and business management systems. C) the spectrum of sexual identities that people embrace. D) comprehensive data on the common symbology that the society has adopted. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

70) Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 71) Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 72) ________ is a sociological framework in which human beings are viewed as living in a world of meaningful objects. A) Functionalism B) Globalism C) Interactionalism D) Feminism Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

73) Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? A) C. Wright Mills B) George Herbert Mead C) Charles Horton Cooley D) Erving Goffman Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 74) Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 75) Which sociological perspective would view sports as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of athletes? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

76) Which sociological perspective would view sports as serving as a safety valve for both participants and spectators, allowing them to shed tension and aggressive energy in a socially acceptable way? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 77) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's physical well-being? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 78) The view that sports serve as an "opiate" for social injustices and distract people from focusing on the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by A) functionalists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionists. D) global sociologists. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

79) Which sociological perspective would suggest that sports participants may work together harmoniously and abandon previously held stereotypes and prejudices despite class, racial, and religious differences? A) functionalist perspective B) queer theory C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 80) Which sociological perspective would highlight the reluctance among professional athletes to display any sexual identity other than heterosexuality in public? A) interactionist perspective B) queer theory C) feminist perspective D) functionalist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 81) The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power is most consistent with the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

82) Medical sociology and environmental sociology fall under the discipline of A) basic sociology. B) applied sociology. C) clinical sociology. D) pure sociology. Answer: B Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 83) The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions is known as A) basic sociology. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: B Topic: Clinical sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 84) The use of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as A) pure science. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) basic sociology. Answer: C Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

85) George Herbert Mead served on committees dealing with Chicago's labor problems and public education. His activities fall under the field of A) social inequality. B) applied sociology. C) basic sociology. D) economic inequality. Answer: B Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 86) Which of the following statements is true? A) Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. B) There are no established methods for educating clinical sociologists. C) Applied and clinical sociology are the same. D) Clinical sociology has existed for only the last 20 years. Answer: A Topic: Clinical sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 87) Which statement about the international coffee trade is the most accurate? A) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor. B) The Starbucks success story only exists in the U.S. C) Most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. D) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor; and most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

88) What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today? A) social inequality B) individual inferiority C) genetic influences D) mental disturbance Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 89) A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as A) social inequality. B) pure sociology. C) applied sociology. D) social psychology. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 90) Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and the study of individual personality differences. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) A sociologist who develops theories based of their experiences and conversations is using common sense, rather than scientific analysis, to formulate those theories. Answer: TRUE Topic: Common sense Learning Objective: Distinguish sociology from common sense knowledge about society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

92) A key element of sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society from the perspective of personal experiences and cultural biases. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) The most effective sociological theories tend to have both explanatory and predictive power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Theories are attempts to explain events, forces, materials, ideas, or behavior in a comprehensive manner. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and the exploited masses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) In the middle of the 20th century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

97) Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 98) Knowledge of Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and the works of other celebrated painters would be an example of cultural capital. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) All sociologists view the world as a stable and ongoing entity. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

101) The conflict perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 102) The conflict perspective considers how laws reinforce the position of those in power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 103) Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104) The goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems, such as poverty and homelessness. Answer: TRUE Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 105) Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term sociological imagination. Provide an example of how you would apply the tool. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

106) Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly accepted views. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Common sense Learning Objective: Distinguish sociology from common sense knowledge about society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 107) Explain what W. E. B. DuBois meant by his term "double consciousness." Does a White person have this consciousness? What consequences would such a consciousness have on "the self"? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 108) Define the concepts social capital and cultural capital. Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does your social and cultural capital differ from that of your friends? How about your classmates? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 109) Identify a social change that has both manifest and latent functions. List and explain the manifest and latent functions that resulted. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

110) Summarize the contributions of Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, and W. E. B. DuBois to the field of sociology. Be sure to note any theoretical differences they may have with one another. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 111) Describe the similarities and differences between conflict theory and the feminist perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 112) Describe how queer theory has challenged some long-standing assumptions about the nature of sexual identity and the ways in which it is understood or referenced at the macro level of society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 113) Explain the similarities and differences among the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macro-level or a micro-level of analysis. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

114) Discuss why social inequality has become such a dominant theme in the field of sociology today. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 115) Define and discuss globalization. Use the examples in the text to discuss the negative and positive social consequences of globalization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 01 Understanding Sociology 1) The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called A) the sociological imagination. B) anthropology. C) a theory. D) verstehen. 2) Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's A) cultural capital. B) conflict perspective. C) double consciousness. D) sociological imagination. 3) A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society A) from the perspective of personal experience. B) from the perspective of cultural biases. C) as an outsider. D) as an insider. 4) C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce A) is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women. B) is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern. C) may create emotional scars for divorcees. D) has been a serious problem throughout history. 5) The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as A) psychology. B) political science. C) anthropology. D) sociology. 6) The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(n) A) theory. B) verstehen. C) science. D) ideal type.

7) Sociology is considered a science because sociologists A) teach at respected universities. B) engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding. C) receive government funding for research projects. D) construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior. 8) Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history are fields within the A) natural sciences. B) social sciences. C) medical sciences. D) humanities. 9) Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behavior and the ways in which people shape society? A) Anthropology B) Economics C) Sociology D) Physics 10) Which social science would be interested in studying individual cases of emotional stress among workers, investors, and business owners? A) History B) Economics C) Sociology D) Psychology 11) A social scientist would be likely to study the A) composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia. B) reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S. C) newest procedure in heart transplant surgery. D) possibility of life on Mars. 12) Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are not A) published. B) reliable. C) politically correct. D) easily disseminated. 13) An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner is called a(n) A) science. B) typology. C) theory. D) ideal type.

14) In Émile Durkheim's study of suicide, he related suicide rates to A) personal depression. B) personal stress. C) the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society. D) climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters. 15) Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he A) developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data. B) carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims. C) worked in a university setting. D) divided suicide into four distinctive categories. 16) Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of A) suicide. B) abortion. C) soccer. D) crowd control. 17) The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist A) Émile Durkheim. B) Auguste Comte. C) Harriet Martineau. D) Marcel Marceau. 18) Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems? A) Émile Durkheim B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Talcott Parsons 19) Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time? A) Émile Durkheim B) Charles Darwin C) Harriet Martineau D) Herbert Spencer 20) Anomie refers to a A) model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. B) loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. C) classification scheme containing two or more categories. D) type of suicide that is based on depression.

21) The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by A) Auguste Comte. B) Émile Durkheim. C) Max Weber. D) C. Wright Mills. 22) The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was A) verstehen. B) cultural capital. C) anomie. D) social capital. 23) A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing A) alienation. B) anomie. C) verstehen. D) globalization techniques. 24) An ideal type is a(n) A) body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. B) construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. C) detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. D) initiator of people's attitudes or behavior. 25) A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, would form an example of a(n) A) typology. B) ideal type. C) verstehen. D) hypothesis. 26) In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must A) ally with capitalists to build a better world. B) try to work toward a return to feudalism. C) overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies. D) ignore all aspects of class divisions.

27) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles…. The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" A) bourgeoisie B) proletarians C) Vulcans D) middle classes 28) Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. A) environmental, economic, and cultural B) social, cultural, and political C) political, environmental, and social D) economic, social, and political 29) In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between A) separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests. B) economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. C) different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests. D) the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests. 30) Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? A) Robert Merton B) Jane Addams C) W. E. B. DuBois D) C. Wright Mills 31) For W. E. B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice? A) Mass protests B) Common sense C) Knowledge D) Surveys 32) W. E. B. DuBois saw the importance of religion to society, and he focused on religion at the A) personal level. B) community level. C) state level. D) national level. 33) The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as A) racial fetishism. B) double rejection. C) bipolar racism. D) double consciousness. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

34) W. E. B. DuBois developed the concept of A) double consciousness. B) racial fetishism. C) double rejection. D) bipolar racism. 35) In his study of society, Charles Horton Cooley focused on A) class issues. B) divorce. C) intimate, face-to-face groups. D) suicide. 36) Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as A) settlement houses. B) communes. C) collective homes. D) utopian communities. 37) Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the 20th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to A) theorizing and gathering information. B) a de-emphasis on the scientific method. C) applied sociology. D) advocacy of civil rights for minorities. 38) Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? A) C. Wright Mills B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Robert Merton 39) Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital? A) the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks B) knowledge of great American authors C) a close network of extended relatives D) knowledge of Laotian cuisine 40) Networks, which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as A) cultural capital. B) latent functions. C) manifest functions. D) social capital.

41) Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as A) microsociology. B) interactionism. C) macrosociology. D) dramaturgy. 42) ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. A) Microsociology B) Macrosociology C) Middle-range sociology D) Conflict theory 43) A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France, is an example of A) alienation. B) anomie. C) microsociology. D) macrosociology. 44) A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college. This would be an example of A) conflict theory. B) functionalism. C) macrosociology. D) microsociology. 45) ________ embraces the study of formal organizations and social movements. A) Global sociology B) Microsociology C) Macrosociology D) Mesosociology 46) Studying the impact of the Dakota Access Pipeline on the environment is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. 47) The study and comparison of the cultural norms of two nations is a component of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology.

48) The study of international crime rates is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. 49) Émile Durkheim's cross-cultural study of suicide falls under the category of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) global sociology. D) macrosociology. 50) Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? A) Karl Marx B) Erving Goffman C) Max Weber D) Talcott Parsons 51) Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 52) An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution is referred to as A) manifest. B) conflict. C) dysfunction. D) latent. 53) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 54) According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life would be passed on from one generation to the next if it A) can be used by one group to subjugate another group. B) enhances impression management. C) promotes value consensus among members of a society. D) is dysfunctional. 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

55) Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? A) They are a place to meet future husbands or wives. B) They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively. C) They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S. D) They prepare students for post-college careers. 56) In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 57) The state of Ohio has a dwindling population. In an effort to increase the birthrate in the state, it offers a $5,000 bonus to all families giving birth in the state for the next three years. Which of the following is the latent function? A) an increase in the birth rate for the state of Ohio B) an increase in the population in the state of Ohio C) an increase in the need for teachers as a result of more children in the Ohio educational system D) an increase in the state's budget deficit due to the number of bonuses distributed to families 58) Which sociological perspectives are most concerned with macro-level analysis? A) functionalist and interactionist perspectives B) global and interactionist perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) functionalist and conflict perspectives 59) A sociologist who studies the unequal economic reality between men and women would probably be following which of the following perspectives? A) functionalism B) interactionism C) conflict D) globalism 60) An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) dysfunction. D) conflict function.

61) Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This could be considered an example of a A) dysfunction of families. B) latent function of families. C) manifest function of families. D) proactive function of families. 62) Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 63) Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 64) How institutions, such as the government, may help to maintain the privileges of some groups is a topic of interest for A) globalization theorists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionist theorists. D) functionalist theorists. 65) Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 66) Which sociologist explored what it meant to be female and Black living in the U.S.? A) Jane Addams B) Ida Wells-Barnett C) Harriet Martineau D) Sherry Turkle 67) Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

68) Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation. A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 69) Theorist Eve Sedgwick (1990) argues that any analysis of society is incomplete if it does not include A) both macro- and micro-level views of the subject of study. B) a consideration of the patriarchal nature of government and business management systems. C) the spectrum of sexual identities that people embrace. D) comprehensive data on the common symbology that the society has adopted. 70) Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 71) Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global 72) ________ is a sociological framework in which human beings are viewed as living in a world of meaningful objects. A) Functionalism B) Globalism C) Interactionalism D) Feminism 73) Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? A) C. Wright Mills B) George Herbert Mead C) Charles Horton Cooley D) Erving Goffman 74) Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

75) Which sociological perspective would view sports as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of athletes? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 76) Which sociological perspective would view sports as serving as a safety valve for both participants and spectators, allowing them to shed tension and aggressive energy in a socially acceptable way? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 77) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's physical well-being? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 78) The view that sports serve as an "opiate" for social injustices and distract people from focusing on the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by A) functionalists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionists. D) global sociologists. 79) Which sociological perspective would suggest that sports participants may work together harmoniously and abandon previously held stereotypes and prejudices despite class, racial, and religious differences? A) functionalist perspective B) queer theory C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 80) Which sociological perspective would highlight the reluctance among professional athletes to display any sexual identity other than heterosexuality in public? A) interactionist perspective B) queer theory C) feminist perspective D) functionalist perspective

81) The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power is most consistent with the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. 82) Medical sociology and environmental sociology fall under the discipline of A) basic sociology. B) applied sociology. C) clinical sociology. D) pure sociology. 83) The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions is known as A) basic sociology. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) macrosociology. 84) The use of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as A) pure science. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) basic sociology. 85) George Herbert Mead served on committees dealing with Chicago's labor problems and public education. His activities fall under the field of A) social inequality. B) applied sociology. C) basic sociology. D) economic inequality. 86) Which of the following statements is true? A) Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. B) There are no established methods for educating clinical sociologists. C) Applied and clinical sociology are the same. D) Clinical sociology has existed for only the last 20 years. 87) Which statement about the international coffee trade is the most accurate? A) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor. B) The Starbucks success story only exists in the U.S. C) Most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. D) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor; and most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

88) What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today? A) social inequality B) individual inferiority C) genetic influences D) mental disturbance 89) A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as A) social inequality. B) pure sociology. C) applied sociology. D) social psychology. 90) Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and the study of individual personality differences. 91) A sociologist who develops theories based of their experiences and conversations is using common sense, rather than scientific analysis, to formulate those theories. 92) A key element of sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society from the perspective of personal experiences and cultural biases. 93) The most effective sociological theories tend to have both explanatory and predictive power. 94) Theories are attempts to explain events, forces, materials, ideas, or behavior in a comprehensive manner. 95) Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and the exploited masses. 96) In the middle of the 20th century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. 97) Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. 98) Knowledge of Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and the works of other celebrated painters would be an example of cultural capital. 99) One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. 100) All sociologists view the world as a stable and ongoing entity. 101) The conflict perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

102) The conflict perspective considers how laws reinforce the position of those in power. 103) Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. 104) The goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems, such as poverty and homelessness. 105) Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term sociological imagination. Provide an example of how you would apply the tool. 106) Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly accepted views. 107) Explain what W. E. B. DuBois meant by his term "double consciousness." Does a White person have this consciousness? What consequences would such a consciousness have on "the self"? 108) Define the concepts social capital and cultural capital. Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does your social and cultural capital differ from that of your friends? How about your classmates? 109) Identify a social change that has both manifest and latent functions. List and explain the manifest and latent functions that resulted. 110) Summarize the contributions of Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, and W. E. B. DuBois to the field of sociology. Be sure to note any theoretical differences they may have with one another. 111) Describe the similarities and differences between conflict theory and the feminist perspective. 112) Describe how queer theory has challenged some long-standing assumptions about the nature of sexual identity and the ways in which it is understood or referenced at the macro level of society. 113) Explain the similarities and differences among the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macro-level or a micro-level of analysis. 114) Discuss why social inequality has become such a dominant theme in the field of sociology today. 115) Define and discuss globalization. Use the examples in the text to discuss the negative and positive social consequences of globalization.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 02 Sociological Research 1) Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches? A) global, functionalist, and interactionist perspectives B) conflict, interactionist, and global perspectives C) interactionist, global, and feminist perspectives D) functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives Answer: D Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which one of the following statements is true regarding the subjects of Adler and Adler's study of self-injurers? A) Most begin injuring in secret. B) They are a homogeneous group. C) Their behavior is carefully planned. D) Most were driven to it by major stresses in their lives. Answer: C Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem? A) scientific method B) social science C) experiment D) value neutrality Answer: A Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to A) review the literature on date and acquaintance rape. B) define the problem. C) create a hypothesis. D) choose a research design. Answer: B Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) Which of the following is the second step of the scientific method? A) defining the problem B) selecting the research design C) reviewing the literature D) collecting and analyzing data Answer: C Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? A) Define the problem. B) Generate ideas for future research. C) Formulate a hypothesis. D) Choose a research design. Answer: C Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Sociologists conduct reviews of literature to do which of the following? A) Refine the problem under study. B) Identify potential sources of funding. C) Determine whether a research study is in fact feasible. D) Analyze the data and formulate conclusions. Answer: A Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) An operational definition is A) a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. D) a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other. Answer: C Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) A sociologist who is interested in examining racism in sports might determine what percentage of team owners, general managers, coaches, and managers are members of each racial group. This would be an example of developing a(n) A) research design. B) operational definition. C) hypothesis. D) theory. Answer: B Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a A) correlation. B) hypothesis. C) sample. D) research design. Answer: B Topic: Hypothesis Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) The statement "Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies" is an example of A) an operational definition. B) a hypothesis. C) a research design. D) an independent variable. Answer: B Topic: Hypothesis Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) A variable is A) a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) the unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects. D) a speculative statement about the relationship between two traits. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of A) indexes. B) scales. C) variables. D) operational definitions. Answer: C Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n) A) independent variable. B) dependent variable. C) spurious variable. D) operational variable. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Researchers find that pet owners live longer, healthier lives. Within this study, pet ownership is the A) independent variable. B) dependent variable. C) spurious variable. D) operational variable. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced. In this example, marital status is a(n) A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. Answer: B Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced. In this example, suicide is a(n) A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. Answer: C Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) The race of a criminal offender is found to determine the frequency with which capital punishment is administered. In this example, the frequency with which capital punishment is administered would be considered the A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. Answer: C Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Which of the following relationships best shows causal logic? A) The time spent reviewing for a test may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of, getting a high score. B) Being less integrated into society may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, suicide. C) The time spent tending to one's vegetable garden may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of, overgrowth. D) Being more involved in extracurricular activities may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, college admission. Answer: A Topic: Hypothesis Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) A researcher finds that those who have children at a young age are significantly more likely to have lower levels of education as a result of early childbearing. This would be an example of A) a hypothesis. B) a correlation. C) causal logic. D) an effect. Answer: B Topic: Causation Learning Objective: Distinguish correlation from cause. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) The relationship between a condition or a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other, is known as A) observation. B) causal logic. C) a correlation. D) an index. Answer: B Topic: Causation Learning Objective: Distinguish correlation from cause. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) The statement "Eating fewer fats and carbohydrates will lead to weight loss" is an example of A) causal logic. B) a dependent variable. C) an independent variable. D) a cross-tabulation. Answer: A Topic: Causation Learning Objective: Distinguish correlation from cause. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 23) The relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(n) A) index. B) correlation. C) operational definition. D) scale. Answer: B Topic: Correlation Learning Objective: Distinguish correlation from cause. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) "Data indicate that people who prefer to watch televised news programs are less knowledgeable than those who read newspapers and newsmagazines." This statement is an example of a(n) A) causality. B) correlation. C) independent variable. D) law. Answer: B Topic: Correlation Learning Objective: Distinguish correlation from cause. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) In which type of sample does each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected? A) random sample B) quota sample C) index sample D) roper sample Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 26) If researchers wanted to examine the opinions of people listed in a city directory, they might call every tenth or fiftieth or hundredth name listed. This would constitute a A) scale. B) control variable. C) quota sample. D) random sample. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 27) A research measure that provides consistent results is considered A) valid. B) reliable. C) an index. D) a scale. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) Validity refers to A) the provision of consistent results. B) independent, rather than dependent, variables. C) the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. D) the ethical standards that are followed by sociologists. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) What type of sample is specifically used for gathering information about clandestine or difficult-to-identify groups? A) snowball sample B) random sample C) valid sample D) blind survey Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a A) control variable. B) dependent variable. C) correlation. D) cross-tabulation. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the A) experimental group. B) representative group. C) study group. D) control group. Answer: D Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) A research design is a(n) A) explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. B) speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. C) indicator of attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics of people or organizations. D) detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 33) A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as A) observation research. B) a survey. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

34) To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as A) a secondary analysis. B) participant observation. C) a survey. D) a content analysis. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 35) Which of the following statements is true of cell phone users? A) Cell phone users are more likely to answer all incoming calls. B) Cell phone users are more likely to complete surveys. C) There is a higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones. D) There is a higher proportion of females on cell phones. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 36) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of television violence on children. The set of children that are shown the violent cartoons are considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

37) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of energy drinks on sleep. The individuals who are given a placebo drink are considered to be the A) independent variable. B) control group. C) experimental group. D) dependent variable. Answer: B Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 38) A study is being done on the effects of a new antibiotic on cognitive ability. In this scenario, the antibiotic is considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. Answer: C Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 39) Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. A) quantitative B) qualitative C) observational D) experimental Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

40) When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as A) a survey. B) observation. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) A sociologist attends meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all facets of the community's social life. He then compiles a detailed description of the community. He is conducting A) a content analysis. B) a secondary analysis. C) a quantitative study. D) ethnographic research. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 42) Which of the following was identified as one of the initial challenges that a participant observer may face when conducting an ethnography? A) receiving adequate resources, such as funding B) gaining acceptance into the unfamiliar group C) identifying a group to observe D) acquiring the necessary approvals to conduct the research Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

43) When a sociologist actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates, the approach is called A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) When conducting ethnographic research as a participant observer, the investigator must A) develop friendships with key members of the study group. B) not be concerned about gaining acceptance by the study group. C) maintain some degree of detachment. D) use the same persona in the control group as he or she did with the study group. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables and to introduce control variables is known as a(n) A) survey. B) experiment. C) replication. D) research design. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

46) People may behave differently in artificial situations than they would in the "real world." This poses a particular problem for researchers using A) questionnaires. B) content analysis. C) replication. D) laboratory experiments. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 47) Regina wants to study the homeless in her hometown. In order to do so, she lives at a homeless shelter for a month. During this time, she does everything that the women she is studying do and tells no one of her true identity. This method is A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 48) ________ study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. A) Terry Mizrahi's B) William F. Whyte's C) Max Weber's D) Vilfredo Pareto's Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

49) The use of the discipline of sociology to yield practical applications for human behavior and organizations is known as A) applied sociology. B) ethnography. C) clinical sociology. D) qualitative research. Answer: A Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 50) The use of photographic and video documentation in sociological study is known as A) iconography. B) visual sociology. C) secondary sociology. D) image analysis. Answer: B Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 51) What term do sociologists use to describe the phenomenon whereby subjects deviate from their typical behavior because they realize they are under observation? A) the control group effect B) a spurious response C) the Hawthorne effect D) skewing Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

52) A sociologist decides to study the interaction among students in the college's computer center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy and reserved in their interactions. This is an example of A) replication. B) secondary analysis. C) the Hawthorne effect. D) value neutrality. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 53) Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use A) questionnaires and interviews. B) participant observation. C) publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. D) control groups. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 54) Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be A) more valid than other forms of research. B) more reliable than other forms of research. C) a nonreactive form of research. D) an outdated mode of research. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

55) Which of the following statements pertaining to secondary data analysis is true? A) It influences people's behavior. B) The data is generally difficult to acquire. C) It can provide researchers with everything they need. D) It does not require the collection of new data. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 56) An inherent problem in using secondary sources of data is that A) the researcher may not find the exact data needed for his or her own research. B) the data are plagued with statistical errors. C) the researcher may be more careless when using someone else's data. D) all of the analysis has been completed by an initial research team. Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) A researcher studies adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing depictions of the elderly in the lyrics of popular music and the content of teen magazines. This is an example of A) content analysis. B) replication. C) survey research. D) an experiment. Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

58) Which of the following existing data sources is used most frequently for sociological research? A) census data B) scientific records C) personal journals D) newspapers Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) Cost-efficiency is an advantage associated with which of the following research designs? A) survey B) ethnography C) experiment D) existing sources Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 60) Which of following principles is included in the American Sociological Association's (ASA) code of ethics? A) maintaining popularity B) ability to disregard transparency C) protection of research subjects from personal harm D) subjectivity in research Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

61) Most sociological research uses ________ as sources of information. A) people B) newspapers C) scientific data D) census data Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 62) Why was Rik Scarce, a doctoral student at Washington State University, placed in jail in 1993? A) for preserving the confidentiality of his research B) for raiding a university laboratory C) for "snitching" on university administrators D) for forging transcripts Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 63) Which of the following is true regarding actions by the Exxon Corporation after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon solicited anthropologists to do research on jury deliberations. B) Exxon offered research money for sociologists doing research on jury deliberations. C) Due to the controversy, none of the research funded by Exxon was published in peerreviewed journals. D) Ultimately, Exxon settled the case and awarded each plaintiff close to $100,000. Answer: B Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

64) Which of the following was a common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon did not pay sociologists well enough for the research they did on jury deliberations. B) Exxon agreed to fund only those sociologists who were known to be in favor of Exxon's policies and actions. C) No legal scholars were approached to do research on jury deliberations. D) Exxon did not volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs. Answer: D Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 65) Objectivity in the interpretation of data is referred to as A) external validity. B) reliability. C) value neutrality. D) internal validity. Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 66) Value neutrality focuses on which of the following challenges associated with sociological research and ethics? A) the influence of a person's personal values and biases on the interpretation of data B) the relationship between the interviewer and the participant C) conflicts of interest associated with the funding of the research D) protecting subjects from personal harm Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

67) Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? A) Jane Poulson B) Joyce Ladner C) Shulamit Reinharz D) Karen Barkey Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 68) When generalizing about both heterosexuals and homosexuals, researchers must be extremely careful with which of the following? A) operational definitions B) internal validity C) privacy of the respondent D) wording questions Answer: D Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 69) Which of the following is a common characteristic among feminist researchers? A) They tend to involve and consult subjects more. B) They are more oriented toward stability, rather than change. C) They are more inclined to conduct research that appeases the masses. D) They tend to focus more on quantitative versus qualitative data. Answer: A Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

70) What conclusion did the National Bureau of Economic Research reach about gays and lesbians as subjects of sociological research? A) Most research treats its gay and lesbian subjects with contempt. B) Most research ignores the possibility that its subjects might be gay or lesbian. C) Most research underreports the number of gays and lesbians in a population. D) Most research begins from a position that sexuality is fluid and that gays and lesbians are in a state of transition. Answer: C Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 71) Asking a respondent if they spent a lot of time playing video games as a child in order to determine heterosexuality is referred to as A) value neutrality. B) operationalization. C) causal logic. D) veiled reporting. Answer: D Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 72) We have little reliable data on human sexuality because A) it is difficult for researchers to even broach the subject. B) until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. C) government funding for studies of sexual behavior is easily accessible, but not many want to ask for it. D) there has been an increase in the use of inaccurate data over the last decade. Answer: B Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

73) Which of the following statements regarding Ogas and Gaddam's 2011 study on human sexual behavior is true? A) Ogas and Gaddam could not distinguish between online fantasies and rational desires. B) Ogas and Gaddam were unable to differentiate the data pertaining to the web searches and the websites. C) Ogas and Gaddam found that women and men do not differ in their preferences. D) Ogas and Gaddam were able to distinguish between a single and repeated search by the same person. Answer: A Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 74) Which of the following institutions has continuously perpetuated a highly sexualized society? A) mass media B) government C) health organizations D) public Answer: A Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 75) The third step in the scientific method is reviewing the literature. Answer: FALSE Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

76) In the statement, "The more a person exercises, the longer he or she will live," longevity is the independent variable. Answer: FALSE Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) A magazine asks its readers to complete a survey that questions them about their sexual practices. Based on the responses that it receives, the magazine publishes an article entitled "The Sexual Practices of Men and Women in the U.S." This magazine has conducted a valid random sample to support its article. Answer: FALSE Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. Answer: TRUE Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) Not disclosing all sources of financial support is an example of an ethical violation, per the code of ethics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

80) The anonymity and confidentially of a subject is of the utmost importance when conducting sociological research. Answer: TRUE Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Feminist theorists always see work and leisure and paid and unpaid domestic work as two separate spheres. Answer: FALSE Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Feminist researchers tend to involve and consult their subjects more than other researchers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Most research significantly underreports the proportion of gays and lesbians in the population. Answer: TRUE Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) The veiled reporting technique requires that researchers remain anonymous throughout the entire study. Answer: FALSE Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

85) Big data is only available to individuals with significant funding. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Having data before assuming a hypothesis is correct is not recommended for sociological research. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Define the term scientific method and the five basic steps used in the scientific method. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Discuss how a researcher might select a random sample of subjects for a research study. Which sample selection methods should researchers use, and which methods should be avoided? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Discuss the issue of ethics and social research. Why are ethics crucial to social research, and what can be done to prevent ethical issues from taking place? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

90) Describe the various types of research designs and discuss the strengths and weakness of each design. Which type of research design is most commonly used by researchers, and which type of research design is the least reliable? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) In the context of ethics and social research, how can research be harmful to human life? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Define value neutrality and discuss its significance in sociological research. What issues can arise if value neutrality is ignored? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) Discuss the various ways feminist scholars differ in their interests and methodology from other scholars. Would feminist scholarship be considered a functionalist, interactionist, or conflict perspective? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

94) Explain how "veiled reporting" may result in underreporting of gay and lesbian subjects in survey research. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Discuss the difficulties of studying human sexuality. What factors have contributed to the availability and quantity of data pertaining to the subject? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Describe how the Internet can be used to conduct social research. Is the Internet a good or bad place to conduct social research? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 02 Sociological Research 1) Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches? A) global, functionalist, and interactionist perspectives B) conflict, interactionist, and global perspectives C) interactionist, global, and feminist perspectives D) functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives 2) Which one of the following statements is true regarding the subjects of Adler and Adler's study of self-injurers? A) Most begin injuring in secret. B) They are a homogeneous group. C) Their behavior is carefully planned. D) Most were driven to it by major stresses in their lives. 3) Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem? A) scientific method B) social science C) experiment D) value neutrality 4) If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to A) review the literature on date and acquaintance rape. B) define the problem. C) create a hypothesis. D) choose a research design. 5) Which of the following is the second step of the scientific method? A) defining the problem B) selecting the research design C) reviewing the literature D) collecting and analyzing data 6) After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? A) Define the problem. B) Generate ideas for future research. C) Formulate a hypothesis. D) Choose a research design.

7) Sociologists conduct reviews of literature to do which of the following? A) Refine the problem under study. B) Identify potential sources of funding. C) Determine whether a research study is in fact feasible. D) Analyze the data and formulate conclusions. 8) An operational definition is A) a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. D) a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other. 9) A sociologist who is interested in examining racism in sports might determine what percentage of team owners, general managers, coaches, and managers are members of each racial group. This would be an example of developing a(n) A) research design. B) operational definition. C) hypothesis. D) theory. 10) A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a A) correlation. B) hypothesis. C) sample. D) research design. 11) The statement "Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies" is an example of A) an operational definition. B) a hypothesis. C) a research design. D) an independent variable. 12) A variable is A) a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) the unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects. D) a speculative statement about the relationship between two traits. 13) Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of A) indexes. B) scales. C) variables. D) operational definitions. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable is referred to by social scientists as a(n) A) independent variable. B) dependent variable. C) spurious variable. D) operational variable. 15) Researchers find that pet owners live longer, healthier lives. Within this study, pet ownership is the A) independent variable. B) dependent variable. C) spurious variable. D) operational variable. 16) Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced. In this example, marital status is a(n) A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. 17) Sociological studies have indicated that people who are married are less likely to commit suicide than people who are divorced. In this example, suicide is a(n) A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. 18) The race of a criminal offender is found to determine the frequency with which capital punishment is administered. In this example, the frequency with which capital punishment is administered would be considered the A) hypothesis. B) independent variable. C) dependent variable. D) index. 19) Which of the following relationships best shows causal logic? A) The time spent reviewing for a test may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of, getting a high score. B) Being less integrated into society may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, suicide. C) The time spent tending to one's vegetable garden may be directly related to, or produce a greater likelihood of, overgrowth. D) Being more involved in extracurricular activities may be directly related to, or produce a lower likelihood of, college admission.

20) A researcher finds that those who have children at a young age are significantly more likely to have lower levels of education as a result of early childbearing. This would be an example of A) a hypothesis. B) a correlation. C) causal logic. D) an effect. 21) The relationship between a condition or a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other, is known as A) observation. B) causal logic. C) a correlation. D) an index. 22) The statement "Eating fewer fats and carbohydrates will lead to weight loss" is an example of A) causal logic. B) a dependent variable. C) an independent variable. D) a cross-tabulation. 23) The relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other is known as a(n) A) index. B) correlation. C) operational definition. D) scale. 24) "Data indicate that people who prefer to watch televised news programs are less knowledgeable than those who read newspapers and newsmagazines." This statement is an example of a(n) A) causality. B) correlation. C) independent variable. D) law. 25) In which type of sample does each member of the entire population being studied have the same chance of being selected? A) random sample B) quota sample C) index sample D) roper sample

26) If researchers wanted to examine the opinions of people listed in a city directory, they might call every tenth or fiftieth or hundredth name listed. This would constitute a A) scale. B) control variable. C) quota sample. D) random sample. 27) A research measure that provides consistent results is considered A) valid. B) reliable. C) an index. D) a scale. 28) Validity refers to A) the provision of consistent results. B) independent, rather than dependent, variables. C) the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. D) the ethical standards that are followed by sociologists. 29) What type of sample is specifically used for gathering information about clandestine or difficult-to-identify groups? A) snowball sample B) random sample C) valid sample D) blind survey 30) A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a A) control variable. B) dependent variable. C) correlation. D) cross-tabulation. 31) In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the A) experimental group. B) representative group. C) study group. D) control group. 32) A research design is a(n) A) explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. B) speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. C) indicator of attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics of people or organizations. D) detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data.

33) A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as A) observation research. B) a survey. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. 34) To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as A) a secondary analysis. B) participant observation. C) a survey. D) a content analysis. 35) Which of the following statements is true of cell phone users? A) Cell phone users are more likely to answer all incoming calls. B) Cell phone users are more likely to complete surveys. C) There is a higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones. D) There is a higher proportion of females on cell phones. 36) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of television violence on children. The set of children that are shown the violent cartoons are considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. 37) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of energy drinks on sleep. The individuals who are given a placebo drink are considered to be the A) independent variable. B) control group. C) experimental group. D) dependent variable. 38) A study is being done on the effects of a new antibiotic on cognitive ability. In this scenario, the antibiotic is considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable.

39) Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. A) quantitative B) qualitative C) observational D) experimental 40) When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as A) a survey. B) observation. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. 41) A sociologist attends meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all facets of the community's social life. He then compiles a detailed description of the community. He is conducting A) a content analysis. B) a secondary analysis. C) a quantitative study. D) ethnographic research. 42) Which of the following was identified as one of the initial challenges that a participant observer may face when conducting an ethnography? A) receiving adequate resources, such as funding B) gaining acceptance into the unfamiliar group C) identifying a group to observe D) acquiring the necessary approvals to conduct the research 43) When a sociologist actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates, the approach is called A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. 44) When conducting ethnographic research as a participant observer, the investigator must A) develop friendships with key members of the study group. B) not be concerned about gaining acceptance by the study group. C) maintain some degree of detachment. D) use the same persona in the control group as he or she did with the study group.

45) An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables and to introduce control variables is known as a(n) A) survey. B) experiment. C) replication. D) research design. 46) People may behave differently in artificial situations than they would in the "real world." This poses a particular problem for researchers using A) questionnaires. B) content analysis. C) replication. D) laboratory experiments. 47) Regina wants to study the homeless in her hometown. In order to do so, she lives at a homeless shelter for a month. During this time, she does everything that the women she is studying do and tells no one of her true identity. This method is A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. 48) ________ study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. A) Terry Mizrahi's B) William F. Whyte's C) Max Weber's D) Vilfredo Pareto's 49) The use of the discipline of sociology to yield practical applications for human behavior and organizations is known as A) applied sociology. B) ethnography. C) clinical sociology. D) qualitative research. 50) The use of photographic and video documentation in sociological study is known as A) iconography. B) visual sociology. C) secondary sociology. D) image analysis. 51) What term do sociologists use to describe the phenomenon whereby subjects deviate from their typical behavior because they realize they are under observation? A) the control group effect B) a spurious response C) the Hawthorne effect D) skewing 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

52) A sociologist decides to study the interaction among students in the college's computer center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy and reserved in their interactions. This is an example of A) replication. B) secondary analysis. C) the Hawthorne effect. D) value neutrality. 53) Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use A) questionnaires and interviews. B) participant observation. C) publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. D) control groups. 54) Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be A) more valid than other forms of research. B) more reliable than other forms of research. C) a nonreactive form of research. D) an outdated mode of research. 55) Which of the following statements pertaining to secondary data analysis is true? A) It influences people's behavior. B) The data is generally difficult to acquire. C) It can provide researchers with everything they need. D) It does not require the collection of new data. 56) An inherent problem in using secondary sources of data is that A) the researcher may not find the exact data needed for his or her own research. B) the data are plagued with statistical errors. C) the researcher may be more careless when using someone else's data. D) all of the analysis has been completed by an initial research team. 57) A researcher studies adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing depictions of the elderly in the lyrics of popular music and the content of teen magazines. This is an example of A) content analysis. B) replication. C) survey research. D) an experiment. 58) Which of the following existing data sources is used most frequently for sociological research? A) census data B) scientific records C) personal journals D) newspapers 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

59) Cost-efficiency is an advantage associated with which of the following research designs? A) survey B) ethnography C) experiment D) existing sources 60) Which of following principles is included in the American Sociological Association's (ASA) code of ethics? A) maintaining popularity B) ability to disregard transparency C) protection of research subjects from personal harm D) subjectivity in research 61) Most sociological research uses ________ as sources of information. A) people B) newspapers C) scientific data D) census data 62) Why was Rik Scarce, a doctoral student at Washington State University, placed in jail in 1993? A) for preserving the confidentiality of his research B) for raiding a university laboratory C) for "snitching" on university administrators D) for forging transcripts 63) Which of the following is true regarding actions by the Exxon Corporation after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon solicited anthropologists to do research on jury deliberations. B) Exxon offered research money for sociologists doing research on jury deliberations. C) Due to the controversy, none of the research funded by Exxon was published in peerreviewed journals. D) Ultimately, Exxon settled the case and awarded each plaintiff close to $100,000. 64) Which of the following was a common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon did not pay sociologists well enough for the research they did on jury deliberations. B) Exxon agreed to fund only those sociologists who were known to be in favor of Exxon's policies and actions. C) No legal scholars were approached to do research on jury deliberations. D) Exxon did not volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs.

65) Objectivity in the interpretation of data is referred to as A) external validity. B) reliability. C) value neutrality. D) internal validity. 66) Value neutrality focuses on which of the following challenges associated with sociological research and ethics? A) the influence of a person's personal values and biases on the interpretation of data B) the relationship between the interviewer and the participant C) conflicts of interest associated with the funding of the research D) protecting subjects from personal harm 67) Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? A) Jane Poulson B) Joyce Ladner C) Shulamit Reinharz D) Karen Barkey 68) When generalizing about both heterosexuals and homosexuals, researchers must be extremely careful with which of the following? A) operational definitions B) internal validity C) privacy of the respondent D) wording questions 69) Which of the following is a common characteristic among feminist researchers? A) They tend to involve and consult subjects more. B) They are more oriented toward stability, rather than change. C) They are more inclined to conduct research that appeases the masses. D) They tend to focus more on quantitative versus qualitative data. 70) What conclusion did the National Bureau of Economic Research reach about gays and lesbians as subjects of sociological research? A) Most research treats its gay and lesbian subjects with contempt. B) Most research ignores the possibility that its subjects might be gay or lesbian. C) Most research underreports the number of gays and lesbians in a population. D) Most research begins from a position that sexuality is fluid and that gays and lesbians are in a state of transition. 71) Asking a respondent if they spent a lot of time playing video games as a child in order to determine heterosexuality is referred to as A) value neutrality. B) operationalization. C) causal logic. D) veiled reporting. 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

72) We have little reliable data on human sexuality because A) it is difficult for researchers to even broach the subject. B) until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. C) government funding for studies of sexual behavior is easily accessible, but not many want to ask for it. D) there has been an increase in the use of inaccurate data over the last decade. 73) Which of the following statements regarding Ogas and Gaddam's 2011 study on human sexual behavior is true? A) Ogas and Gaddam could not distinguish between online fantasies and rational desires. B) Ogas and Gaddam were unable to differentiate the data pertaining to the web searches and the websites. C) Ogas and Gaddam found that women and men do not differ in their preferences. D) Ogas and Gaddam were able to distinguish between a single and repeated search by the same person. 74) Which of the following institutions has continuously perpetuated a highly sexualized society? A) mass media B) government C) health organizations D) public 75) The third step in the scientific method is reviewing the literature. 76) In the statement, "The more a person exercises, the longer he or she will live," longevity is the independent variable. 77) A magazine asks its readers to complete a survey that questions them about their sexual practices. Based on the responses that it receives, the magazine publishes an article entitled "The Sexual Practices of Men and Women in the U.S." This magazine has conducted a valid random sample to support its article. 78) Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. 79) Not disclosing all sources of financial support is an example of an ethical violation, per the code of ethics. 80) The anonymity and confidentially of a subject is of the utmost importance when conducting sociological research. 81) Feminist theorists always see work and leisure and paid and unpaid domestic work as two separate spheres. 82) Feminist researchers tend to involve and consult their subjects more than other researchers. 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

83) Most research significantly underreports the proportion of gays and lesbians in the population. 84) The veiled reporting technique requires that researchers remain anonymous throughout the entire study. 85) Big data is only available to individuals with significant funding. 86) Having data before assuming a hypothesis is correct is not recommended for sociological research. 87) Define the term scientific method and the five basic steps used in the scientific method. 88) Discuss how a researcher might select a random sample of subjects for a research study. Which sample selection methods should researchers use, and which methods should be avoided? 89) Discuss the issue of ethics and social research. Why are ethics crucial to social research, and what can be done to prevent ethical issues from taking place? 90) Describe the various types of research designs and discuss the strengths and weakness of each design. Which type of research design is most commonly used by researchers, and which type of research design is the least reliable? 91) In the context of ethics and social research, how can research be harmful to human life? 92) Define value neutrality and discuss its significance in sociological research. What issues can arise if value neutrality is ignored? 93) Discuss the various ways feminist scholars differ in their interests and methodology from other scholars. Would feminist scholarship be considered a functionalist, interactionist, or conflict perspective? 94) Explain how "veiled reporting" may result in underreporting of gay and lesbian subjects in survey research. 95) Discuss the difficulties of studying human sexuality. What factors have contributed to the availability and quantity of data pertaining to the subject? 96) Describe how the Internet can be used to conduct social research. Is the Internet a good or bad place to conduct social research?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 03 Culture 1) Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show A) cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful." B) the effects of media on a person's body image. C) the ability to learn something new about society. D) how cultural sociology has evolved over the years. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 2) The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A) culture. B) society. C) socialization. D) social structure. Answer: A Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture are referred to as a A) culture. B) society. C) folkway. D) argot. Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) A society A) is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group. B) is the largest form of human group. C) contains several different cultures. D) contains one subculture and many cultures. Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) ________ consists of all objects and ideas within a society. A) Argot B) Culture C) Folkways D) Inventions Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called A) cultural integration. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural universals. D) cultural relativism. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? A) war B) astronomy C) funeral ceremonies D) mathematics Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? A) athletic sports B) war C) money restrictions D) education Answer: A Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called A) culture shock. B) cultural relativism. C) ethnocentrism. D) value stability. Answer: C Topic: Ethnocentrism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric belief? A) viewing Middle Eastern countries as developed and equal counterparts B) acknowledging that the child-rearing practice of African cultures are successful C) being repelled by the American practice of living in a household with dogs and cats D) appreciating the Hindu religion's belief that cows are sacred Answer: C Topic: Ethnocentrism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. Answer: B Topic: Ethnocentrism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. Answer: C Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Ethnocentrism; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 14) A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) cultural deconstruction. Answer: C Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? A) xenocentrism B) cultural integration C) cultural relativism D) ethnocentrism Answer: C Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Sociobiology is the systematic study of A) the social structure within the animal kingdom. B) the interactions between humans and higher animal forms. C) the social bases of biological behavior. D) how biology affects human social behavior. Answer: D Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) In its extreme form, sociobiology suggests that A) all behavior is the result of genetic or biological factors. B) social interactions play a role in shaping people's conduct. C) human nature is not affected by the genetic composition of a group of people. D) there is no biological basis for social behavior. Answer: A Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) Language is an important component of A) diffusion. B) cultural capital. C) cultural universals. D) material culture. Answer: B Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of A) nonverbal communication. B) mores. C) cultural capital. D) formal norms. Answer: A Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A) a material culture. B) sanctioning. C) language. D) an argot. Answer: C Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 23) Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) A) informal norm. B) formal norm. C) more. D) sanction. Answer: A Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) In American society, we often formalize norms into A) folkways. B) mores. C) laws. D) values. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) A law is A) a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) a form of governmental social control. D) a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 26) The established standards of behavior maintained by a society are referred to as A) symbols. B) sanctions. C) norms. D) argots. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27) Informal norms are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as A) mores. B) sanctions. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 29) While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A) mores. B) laws. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 30) Mores are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) norms that are made by a few individuals are often considered unnecessary. Answer: B Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as A) mores. B) cultural universals. C) folkways. D) laws. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as A) values. B) folkways. C) mores. D) sanctions. Answer: A Topic: Values Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 33) According to sociologist Robin Williams, which of the following is considered an American value? A) effectiveness B) equality C) frugality D) supremacy of faith Answer: B Topic: Values; Sociologists Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) According to research, the proportion of students who cheat is often higher among A) elementary school students. B) middle school students. C) high school students. D) college students. Answer: D Topic: Values Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) Which of the following is considered a negative, informal sanction? A) demotion B) jail sentence C) humiliation D) expulsion Answer: C Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 36) John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a A) more. B) sanction. C) norm. D) law. Answer: B Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

37) Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as A) folkways. B) mores. C) values. D) sanctions. Answer: D Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) Which of the following is an example of a positive, formal sanction? A) salary bonus B) demotion C) smile D) frown Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 39) A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) replication. C) a more. D) a typology. Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

40) A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) a law. C) cultural diffusion. D) replication. Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 41) What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? A) cultural shock B) culture war C) subcultures D) contracultures Answer: B Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 42) Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? A) benevolence B) holding grudges C) disloyalty D) power Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

43) Which sociological perspective argues that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) Which sociological perspective maintains that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) A dominant ideology is A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

46) Discovery is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which cultural items spread to different groups. Answer: C Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) Invention is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 48) Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of A) diffusion. B) innovation. C) invention. D) discovery. Answer: C Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

49) Diffusion is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Answer: D Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 50) English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A) nonmaterial culture. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural shock. D) cultural relativity. Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 51) Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

52) According to a May 2017 national survey, which of the following racial/ethnic groups considers health care to be one of the most important issues facing the nation? A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latino(a)s D) Native Americans Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 53) Which of the following is a criticism of globalization? A) It creates a notion of cultural domination of the developing nations by the more affluent nations. B) It helps nations take their place in the world of commerce and brings in income. C) It helps people stay connected via the communications revolution. D) It gives nations access to knowledge that can improve living standards and save lives. Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 54) George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the A) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. B) domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. C) existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. D) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants. Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

55) The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A) norms. B) material culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) values. Answer: B Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 56) A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of A) xenocentrism. B) nonmaterial culture. C) material culture. D) argot. Answer: C Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 57) A new Ford Explorer can be considered A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. Answer: A Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

58) The ways of using objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication is referred to as A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. Answer: B Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 59) Culture lag is A) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B) viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. C) the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. D) a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. Answer: D Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 60) Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are A) less likely to resist change to their material culture. B) less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture. C) more likely to modify cultural universals. D) less likely to change their folkways. Answer: A Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

61) Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now A) nomadic fisherman. B) living as equals in Brazilian society. C) confined to reservations. D) transitioning to the new Brazil. Answer: C Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 62) Nonmaterial culture A) is more resistant to change than material culture. B) is less resistant to change than material culture. C) changes at the same pace as material culture. D) does not change once it has been created. Answer: A Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 63) A subculture is A) a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. B) a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. D) a specialized language that is used by members of a group. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

64) The employees of Indian call centers can be considered A) a subculture. B) a counterculture. C) a dominant culture. D) a material culture. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 65) In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A) cultures. B) countercultures. C) subcultures. D) contracultures. Answer: C Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 66) The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York is an example of A) an argot. B) a taboo. C) linguistics. D) nonverbal language. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

67) Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 68) An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 69) An ultraconservative militia group, such as the Ohio Defense Force, is an example of A) dominant culture. B) counterculture. C) material culture. D) dominant ideology. Answer: B Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

70) Countercultures thrive amongst A) the young. B) the elderly. C) females only. D) the working class. Answer: A Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 71) Culture shock is A) the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. B) the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own. C) being unaware of the existence of other cultures. D) a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 72) Beth, who has lived all her life in an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she is experiencing A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

73) A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who moves to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 74) Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages A) in all sectors of public and private life. B) in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate. C) only in educational settings. D) only in workplaces. Answer: B Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 75) The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

76) "Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 77) The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 78) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric view of bilingualism? A) efforts to introduce a constitutional amendment declaring English as the nation's official language B) efforts to establish the proper form for bilingual programs C) efforts to mandate the instruction of children who are not fluent in English D) efforts to maintain English as a Second Language programs in schools with a majority of immigrant children Answer: A Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 26 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

79) Cultural universals are common beliefs or practices found in every society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. Answer: TRUE Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Nonverbal communication is the same in all cultures. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

84) Wearing two different-colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. Answer: FALSE Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Benevolence is a value that is widely shared around the world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) The polarization of society over controversial cultural elements is referred to as a culture war. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

89) From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) Interactionists maintain that social stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) The combination of turning existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before is referred to as innovation. Answer: FALSE Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Protestantism and democracy are examples of innovation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

93) Diffusion can work through a variety of means, such as exploration and the influence of mass media. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 94) Even within a single nation, certain segments of the populace develop cultural patterns that differ from the patterns of the dominant society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Countercultures thrive among the elderly, especially the baby boomer generation of the 1960s. Answer: FALSE Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) The use of two languages in a particular setting is referred to as multilingualism. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

97) Federal policy has always been supportive of bilingualism efforts in the United States, and thus, provides a significant portion of funding to support those efforts at the local level. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 98) Define the term ethnocentrism and discuss why functionalists and conflict theorists disagree over the utility of ethnocentrism. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethnocentrism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Define and discuss symbols. Identify one symbolic monument (e.g., the September 11, 2001, memorial). Explain what the monument symbolizes. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 101) Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

102) Discuss the McDonaldization of society. How does it relate to globalization? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 103) Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Culture; Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104) Social scientists claim that it is not easy to identify a core culture in the United States. Why is this so? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 105) Discuss countercultures. What are they and why do they happen? Provide one example of a counterculture. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 106) Define bilingualism. What are the policy implications of bilingualism in the United States? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

107) Discuss bilingualism in relation to the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 03 Culture 1) Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show A) cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful." B) the effects of media on a person's body image. C) the ability to learn something new about society. D) how cultural sociology has evolved over the years. 2) The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A) culture. B) society. C) socialization. D) social structure. 3) A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture are referred to as a A) culture. B) society. C) folkway. D) argot. 4) A society A) is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group. B) is the largest form of human group. C) contains several different cultures. D) contains one subculture and many cultures. 5) ________ consists of all objects and ideas within a society. A) Argot B) Culture C) Folkways D) Inventions 6) General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called A) cultural integration. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural universals. D) cultural relativism. 7) In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? A) war B) astronomy C) funeral ceremonies D) mathematics 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? A) athletic sports B) war C) money restrictions D) education 9) The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called A) culture shock. B) cultural relativism. C) ethnocentrism. D) value stability. 10) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric belief? A) viewing Middle Eastern countries as developed and equal counterparts B) acknowledging that the child-rearing practice of African cultures are successful C) being repelled by the American practice of living in a household with dogs and cats D) appreciating the Hindu religion's belief that cows are sacred 11) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. 12) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. 13) Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

14) A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) cultural deconstruction. 15) Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? A) xenocentrism B) cultural integration C) cultural relativism D) ethnocentrism 16) Sociobiology is the systematic study of A) the social structure within the animal kingdom. B) the interactions between humans and higher animal forms. C) the social bases of biological behavior. D) how biology affects human social behavior. 17) In its extreme form, sociobiology suggests that A) all behavior is the result of genetic or biological factors. B) social interactions play a role in shaping people's conduct. C) human nature is not affected by the genetic composition of a group of people. D) there is no biological basis for social behavior. 18) Language is an important component of A) diffusion. B) cultural capital. C) cultural universals. D) material culture. 19) Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of A) nonverbal communication. B) mores. C) cultural capital. D) formal norms. 20) In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A) a material culture. B) sanctioning. C) language. D) an argot. 22) Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 23) Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) A) informal norm. B) formal norm. C) more. D) sanction. 24) In American society, we often formalize norms into A) folkways. B) mores. C) laws. D) values. 25) A law is A) a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) a form of governmental social control. D) a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. 26) The established standards of behavior maintained by a society are referred to as A) symbols. B) sanctions. C) norms. D) argots. 27) Informal norms are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) None of these answers is correct. 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

28) Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as A) mores. B) sanctions. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. 29) While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A) mores. B) laws. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. 30) Mores are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) norms that are made by a few individuals are often considered unnecessary. 31) Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as A) mores. B) cultural universals. C) folkways. D) laws. 32) Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as A) values. B) folkways. C) mores. D) sanctions. 33) According to sociologist Robin Williams, which of the following is considered an American value? A) effectiveness B) equality C) frugality D) supremacy of faith 34) According to research, the proportion of students who cheat is often higher among A) elementary school students. B) middle school students. C) high school students. D) college students. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

35) Which of the following is considered a negative, informal sanction? A) demotion B) jail sentence C) humiliation D) expulsion 36) John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a A) more. B) sanction. C) norm. D) law. 37) Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as A) folkways. B) mores. C) values. D) sanctions. 38) Which of the following is an example of a positive, formal sanction? A) salary bonus B) demotion C) smile D) frown 39) A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) replication. C) a more. D) a typology. 40) A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) a law. C) cultural diffusion. D) replication. 41) What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? A) cultural shock B) culture war C) subcultures D) contracultures 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

42) Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? A) benevolence B) holding grudges C) disloyalty D) power 43) Which sociological perspective argues that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 44) Which sociological perspective maintains that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 45) A dominant ideology is A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. D) None of these answers is correct. 46) Discovery is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which cultural items spread to different groups. 47) Invention is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. 48) Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of A) diffusion. B) innovation. C) invention. D) discovery. 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

49) Diffusion is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. 50) English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A) nonmaterial culture. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural shock. D) cultural relativity. 51) Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 52) According to a May 2017 national survey, which of the following racial/ethnic groups considers health care to be one of the most important issues facing the nation? A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latino(a)s D) Native Americans 53) Which of the following is a criticism of globalization? A) It creates a notion of cultural domination of the developing nations by the more affluent nations. B) It helps nations take their place in the world of commerce and brings in income. C) It helps people stay connected via the communications revolution. D) It gives nations access to knowledge that can improve living standards and save lives. 54) George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the A) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. B) domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. C) existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. D) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants.

55) The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A) norms. B) material culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) values. 56) A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of A) xenocentrism. B) nonmaterial culture. C) material culture. D) argot. 57) A new Ford Explorer can be considered A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. 58) The ways of using objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication is referred to as A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. 59) Culture lag is A) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B) viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. C) the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. D) a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. 60) Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are A) less likely to resist change to their material culture. B) less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture. C) more likely to modify cultural universals. D) less likely to change their folkways. 61) Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now A) nomadic fisherman. B) living as equals in Brazilian society. C) confined to reservations. D) transitioning to the new Brazil.

62) Nonmaterial culture A) is more resistant to change than material culture. B) is less resistant to change than material culture. C) changes at the same pace as material culture. D) does not change once it has been created. 63) A subculture is A) a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. B) a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. D) a specialized language that is used by members of a group. 64) The employees of Indian call centers can be considered A) a subculture. B) a counterculture. C) a dominant culture. D) a material culture. 65) In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A) cultures. B) countercultures. C) subcultures. D) contracultures. 66) The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York is an example of A) an argot. B) a taboo. C) linguistics. D) nonverbal language. 67) Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

68) An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 69) An ultraconservative militia group, such as the Ohio Defense Force, is an example of A) dominant culture. B) counterculture. C) material culture. D) dominant ideology. 70) Countercultures thrive amongst A) the young. B) the elderly. C) females only. D) the working class. 71) Culture shock is A) the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. B) the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own. C) being unaware of the existence of other cultures. D) a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. 72) Beth, who has lived all her life in an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she is experiencing A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. 73) A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who moves to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration.

74) Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages A) in all sectors of public and private life. B) in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate. C) only in educational settings. D) only in workplaces. 75) The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 76) "Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 77) The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 78) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric view of bilingualism? A) efforts to introduce a constitutional amendment declaring English as the nation's official language B) efforts to establish the proper form for bilingual programs C) efforts to mandate the instruction of children who are not fluent in English D) efforts to maintain English as a Second Language programs in schools with a majority of immigrant children 79) Cultural universals are common beliefs or practices found in every society. 80) Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. 81) Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. 82) The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

83) Nonverbal communication is the same in all cultures. 84) Wearing two different-colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. 85) In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. 86) Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. 87) Benevolence is a value that is widely shared around the world. 88) The polarization of society over controversial cultural elements is referred to as a culture war. 89) From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. 90) Interactionists maintain that social stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. 91) The combination of turning existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before is referred to as innovation. 92) Protestantism and democracy are examples of innovation. 93) Diffusion can work through a variety of means, such as exploration and the influence of mass media. 94) Even within a single nation, certain segments of the populace develop cultural patterns that differ from the patterns of the dominant society. 95) Countercultures thrive among the elderly, especially the baby boomer generation of the 1960s. 96) The use of two languages in a particular setting is referred to as multilingualism. 97) Federal policy has always been supportive of bilingualism efforts in the United States, and thus, provides a significant portion of funding to support those efforts at the local level. 98) Define the term ethnocentrism and discuss why functionalists and conflict theorists disagree over the utility of ethnocentrism. 99) Define and discuss symbols. Identify one symbolic monument (e.g., the September 11, 2001, memorial). Explain what the monument symbolizes.

100) Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types. 101) Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer. 102) Discuss the McDonaldization of society. How does it relate to globalization? 103) Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences. 104) Social scientists claim that it is not easy to identify a core culture in the United States. Why is this so? 105) Discuss countercultures. What are they and why do they happen? Provide one example of a counterculture. 106) Define bilingualism. What are the policy implications of bilingualism in the United States? 107) Discuss bilingualism in relation to the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 04 Socialization and the Life Course 1) Socialization is the process A) of mentally assuming the perspective of another. B) of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. C) whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. D) whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. Answer: C Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of A) the dramaturgical approach. B) social promotion. C) socialization. D) role taking. Answer: C Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which term refers to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? A) personality B) social promotion C) socialization D) human nature Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) The relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process is referred to as the debate over A) nature versus nurture. B) role versus status. C) manifest versus latent functions. D) sociobiology versus biosociology. Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? A) Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development. B) Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development. C) It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. D) Biological factors are irrelevant in human development. Answer: C Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of A) nature versus nurture. B) socialization. C) personality. D) degradation. Answer: B Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

7) The analysis of Isabelle is important because it emphasizes the relevance of A) twin studies in sociology and psychology. B) the consistency of the developmental processes. C) the sensorimotor stage of development. D) social interaction in human development. Answer: D Topic: Isolation; Social interaction Learning Objective: Describe the effects of isolation on the social development of young children. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that A) early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization. B) social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys. C) there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development. D) midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation. Answer: B Topic: Isolation Learning Objective: Describe the effects of isolation on the social development of young children. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Studies of identical twins have A) proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. B) proved conclusively the importance of environmental factors in human development. C) proved conclusively that human development is a result of the interaction between environmental and biological factors. D) been based on extremely small samples and should be viewed as preliminary analyses at best. Answer: D Topic: Hereditary Learning Objective: Explain what twin studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on social development. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) The self is the A) distinct identity that sets us apart from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) The looking-glass self is the A) sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) In forming a sense of ourselves, we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us, and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions. This sociological approach to the development of self represents the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) the looking-glass self. D) the preparatory stage. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 14) According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to A) an increase in self-esteem. B) the sensorimotor stage of development. C) destruction of the looking-glass self. D) a negative self-identity. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when A) children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. B) children become able to pretend to be other people. C) children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. D) we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as A) folkways. B) norms. C) rites of passage. D) symbols. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as A) role strain. B) resocialization. C) face-work. D) role taking. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the A) preparatory stage. B) play stage. C) imitative stage. D) game stage. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the sensorimotor stage Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) Debbie attends her first day of school, and when she returns home, she "plays school" with her younger brother. As part of this play activity, Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day. According to George Herbert Mead, Debbie is in which stage of development? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively A) demonstrating role taking. B) playing the part of a significant other. C) playing the part of a generalized other. D) completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

22) Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? A) Erving Goffman B) George Herbert Mead C) Alvin Gouldner D) William F. Ogburn Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 23) Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? A) generalized other B) significant other C) impression management D) symbolic other Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) According to George Herbert Mead, during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the concrete operational stage Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

25) Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the A) preparatory stage. B) game stage. C) play stage. D) concrete operational stage. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika, who appears to have a scoring opportunity. Allison's pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development, according to George Herbert Mead? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

27) Significant others is A) Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. B) George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. C) George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. D) George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 28) Which of the following is the best example of a significant other? A) a casual acquaintance B) a clerk in a department store C) a parent D) someone you met at a party last night Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 29) Bob is on his first date with Mary, whom he really likes. He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too, and to want to go out with him again. This is an example of A) face-work. B) impression management. C) idealization of the other. D) role taking. Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

30) Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach, impression management, and face-work? A) Charles Horton Cooley B) George Herbert Mead C) Erving Goffman D) Wilbert Moore Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 31) Early in life, a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. This process is known as A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) face-work. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) The dramaturgical approach is A) a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. B) a framework developed by George Herbert Mead. C) a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others. D) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

33) Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of face-work? A) altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences B) people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public C) institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life D) the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 34) A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend, "There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) anticipatory socialization. C) impression management. D) face-work. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) Most adolescents seek jobs in order to A) identify a career choice. B) make spending money. C) assist with their parents' household expenses. D) pay for education. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

36) Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? A) Sigmund Freud B) Harry Harlow C) Charles Horton Cooley D) George Herbert Mead Answer: A Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 37) A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight. This child is probably in which stage of development, according to Jean Piaget? A) concrete operational B) sensorimotor C) formal operational D) preoperational Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 38) Susie is beginning to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas. According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, Susie is in the A) sensorimotor stage. B) preoperational stage. C) concrete operational stage. D) formal operational stage. Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

39) Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development? A) the preoperational stage B) the concrete operational stage C) the formal operational stage D) the sensorimotor stage Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 40) Gender roles are A) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. B) the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. C) universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females. D) the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body hair. Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) The Amish period of discovery in which young people attend barn dances and break social norms is referred to as A) Rumspringa. B) enlightenment. C) worldly activities. D) adolescence. Answer: A Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

42) Which conflict theorists suggest that schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments that can cause children to feel stupid and unsuccessful? A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels B) Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis C) Friedrich Engels and Thomas Mann D) Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 43) The statement "African American parents have learned that children as young as two years can absorb negative messages about Blacks in children's books, toys, and television shows" most likely supports the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 44) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

45) As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 46) Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent? A) Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class. B) Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status. C) Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society. D) A teacher's style may often influence classroom interaction. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 47) As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of A) the family. B) the state. C) religion. D) the mass media. Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

48) Which of the following is an example of a widely used agent of socialization amongst teenagers? A) Internet B) radio C) motion pictures D) television Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 49) Which of the following statements regarding the use of media and technology as an agent of socialization is true? A) Socialization tends not to occur online. B) Today, the question is no longer if young people are plugged it, but how they use the resources. C) The age at which people go online has been increasing. D) A large percentage of teenagers are using the radio for socialization. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) Which of the following statements regarding parental monitoring of the digital world is true? A) Parents profess that they have a large amount of knowledge pertaining to their children's online behavior. B) Mothers are more likely to monitor online activity than are fathers. C) Parents who have higher incomes tend to discuss online activity more than those with lower incomes. D) All parents know their children's passwords for e-mail and cell phones. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

51) Prior to the 20th century, the protective function belonged to A) hospitals. B) the family. C) child care centers. D) mental health clinics. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 52) Organized religion and government have impacted the life course by reinstituting some of the ________ once observed in agricultural communities and early industrial societies. A) beliefs B) folkways C) informal norms D) rites of passage Answer: D Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government; Life Course Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 53) Rites of passage are A) gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. B) stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age. C) rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. D) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. Answer: C Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

54) Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true? A) The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage. B) All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage. C) People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 55) A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of A) role taking. B) impression management. C) rites of passage. D) face-work. Answer: C Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 56) Life course theorists suggest socialization A) stops after a person experiences a rite of passage. B) continues through all stages of the life cycle. C) is attributable solely to biological influences. D) is attributable to both biological and physical influences. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

57) Anticipatory socialization refers to A) the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture. B) processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. C) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. D) the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 58) A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her school's swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college. This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) resocialization. C) desocialization. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: D Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 59) Which of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life? A) role divestment B) resocialization C) desocialization D) anticipatory socialization Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

60) Which of the following is an example of a total institution? A) a high school B) a mental hospital C) a Girl Scout troop D) the New York Mets Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 61) In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as A) degradation ceremonies. B) resocialization. C) anticipatory socialization. D) reverse socialization. Answer: A Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 62) An inmate enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by number. This is an example of A) anticipatory socialization. B) a rite of passage. C) a degradation ceremony. D) ascription. Answer: C Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

63) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: C Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 64) Jane has two young, active children. She is also the primary caregiver or her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. Answer: A Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 65) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

66) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of let-down as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. Answer: D Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 67) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 68) Which of the following is responsible for propelling mothers of young children into the working world? A) the need for additional family income B) the decrease in single-parent families C) increased job opportunities for men D) the decrease in the gender pay gap Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

69) Which of the following statements is true of child care in the United States? A) Children under the age of five are more likely to be cared for by their grandparents or other relatives. B) High-quality child care centers do adversely affect the socialization of children. C) The majority of infants in the United States are cared for by their parents. D) The federal government does not support child care. Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 70) In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Parents must concern themselves with an infant's physical needs, in addition to their children's social development. Answer: TRUE Topic: Isolation Learning Objective: Describe the effects of isolation on the social development of young children. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Twin studies are viewed with some skepticism because they are based on very small sample sizes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Hereditary Learning Objective: Explain what twin studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on social development. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

73) Studies of identical twins have proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. Answer: FALSE Topic: Hereditary Learning Objective: Explain what twin studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on social development. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, and your best friend are all significant others. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Individuals who learn to slant their presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences are participating in impression management. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) The family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

78) Gender roles are the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. Answer: FALSE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) Girls are socialized differently than boys within the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Within peer groups, individuals tend to associate with others who are close in age and enjoy a similar social status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Socialization does not take place online. Answer: FALSE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Religion and the state are examples of agents of socialization. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

83) The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) Socialization ends when you become an adult. Answer: FALSE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) Individuality is often lost within total institutions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person to another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Pre-schoolers typically are not cared for by their parents. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

88) Few people in the United States or elsewhere can afford the luxury of having a parent stay at home, or of paying for high-quality live-in child care. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Finding affordable child care is not a problem in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) Nearly all child care workers are women. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) Discuss the nature versus nurture debate with regard to the socialization of one's social self or personality. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Describe George Herbert Mead's various stages of the self. Define the terms generalized others and significant others. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

93) Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Agents of socialization Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Describe how the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives view the role of socialization in creating a social self in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Agents of socialization Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Discuss the importance of peer groups on children's social development. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) Identify and describe a rite of passage in your culture. Why are rites of passage important in one's culture? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

98) Explain the differences and similarities among socialization, resocialization, and anticipatory socialization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Discuss the various stages of retirement. What factors can complicate the retirement process? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) Discuss child care in the United States from the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 04 Socialization and the Life Course 1) Socialization is the process A) of mentally assuming the perspective of another. B) of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. C) whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. D) whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. 2) A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of A) the dramaturgical approach. B) social promotion. C) socialization. D) role taking. 3) Which term refers to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? A) personality B) social promotion C) socialization D) human nature 4) The relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process is referred to as the debate over A) nature versus nurture. B) role versus status. C) manifest versus latent functions. D) sociobiology versus biosociology. 5) In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? A) Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development. B) Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development. C) It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. D) Biological factors are irrelevant in human development. 6) Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of A) nature versus nurture. B) socialization. C) personality. D) degradation. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) The analysis of Isabelle is important because it emphasizes the relevance of A) twin studies in sociology and psychology. B) the consistency of the developmental processes. C) the sensorimotor stage of development. D) social interaction in human development. 8) Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that A) early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization. B) social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys. C) there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development. D) midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation. 9) Studies of identical twins have A) proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. B) proved conclusively the importance of environmental factors in human development. C) proved conclusively that human development is a result of the interaction between environmental and biological factors. D) been based on extremely small samples and should be viewed as preliminary analyses at best. 10) The self is the A) distinct identity that sets us apart from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. 11) The looking-glass self is the A) sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. 12) In forming a sense of ourselves, we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us, and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions. This sociological approach to the development of self represents the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

13) Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) the looking-glass self. D) the preparatory stage. 14) According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to A) an increase in self-esteem. B) the sensorimotor stage of development. C) destruction of the looking-glass self. D) a negative self-identity. 15) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when A) children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. B) children become able to pretend to be other people. C) children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. D) we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self. 16) Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as A) folkways. B) norms. C) rites of passage. D) symbols. 17) The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as A) role strain. B) resocialization. C) face-work. D) role taking. 18) The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the A) preparatory stage. B) play stage. C) imitative stage. D) game stage. 19) During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the sensorimotor stage 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) Debbie attends her first day of school, and when she returns home, she "plays school" with her younger brother. As part of this play activity, Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day. According to George Herbert Mead, Debbie is in which stage of development? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage 21) Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively A) demonstrating role taking. B) playing the part of a significant other. C) playing the part of a generalized other. D) completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory. 22) Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? A) Erving Goffman B) George Herbert Mead C) Alvin Gouldner D) William F. Ogburn 23) Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? A) generalized other B) significant other C) impression management D) symbolic other 24) According to George Herbert Mead, during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the concrete operational stage 25) Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the A) preparatory stage. B) game stage. C) play stage. D) concrete operational stage.

26) Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika, who appears to have a scoring opportunity. Allison's pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development, according to George Herbert Mead? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage 27) Significant others is A) Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. B) George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. C) George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. D) George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. 28) Which of the following is the best example of a significant other? A) a casual acquaintance B) a clerk in a department store C) a parent D) someone you met at a party last night 29) Bob is on his first date with Mary, whom he really likes. He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too, and to want to go out with him again. This is an example of A) face-work. B) impression management. C) idealization of the other. D) role taking. 30) Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach, impression management, and face-work? A) Charles Horton Cooley B) George Herbert Mead C) Erving Goffman D) Wilbert Moore 31) Early in life, a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. This process is known as A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) face-work. D) anticipatory socialization.

32) The dramaturgical approach is A) a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. B) a framework developed by George Herbert Mead. C) a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others. D) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. 33) Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of face-work? A) altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences B) people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public C) institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life D) the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts 34) A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend, "There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) anticipatory socialization. C) impression management. D) face-work. 35) Most adolescents seek jobs in order to A) identify a career choice. B) make spending money. C) assist with their parents' household expenses. D) pay for education. 36) Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? A) Sigmund Freud B) Harry Harlow C) Charles Horton Cooley D) George Herbert Mead 37) A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight. This child is probably in which stage of development, according to Jean Piaget? A) concrete operational B) sensorimotor C) formal operational D) preoperational 38) Susie is beginning to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas. According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, Susie is in the A) sensorimotor stage. B) preoperational stage. C) concrete operational stage. D) formal operational stage. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

39) Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development? A) the preoperational stage B) the concrete operational stage C) the formal operational stage D) the sensorimotor stage 40) Gender roles are A) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. B) the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. C) universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females. D) the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body hair. 41) The Amish period of discovery in which young people attend barn dances and break social norms is referred to as A) Rumspringa. B) enlightenment. C) worldly activities. D) adolescence. 42) Which conflict theorists suggest that schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments that can cause children to feel stupid and unsuccessful? A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels B) Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis C) Friedrich Engels and Thomas Mann D) Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas 43) The statement "African American parents have learned that children as young as two years can absorb negative messages about Blacks in children's books, toys, and television shows" most likely supports the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 44) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

45) As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 46) Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent? A) Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class. B) Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status. C) Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society. D) A teacher's style may often influence classroom interaction. 47) As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of A) the family. B) the state. C) religion. D) the mass media. 48) Which of the following is an example of a widely used agent of socialization amongst teenagers? A) Internet B) radio C) motion pictures D) television 49) Which of the following statements regarding the use of media and technology as an agent of socialization is true? A) Socialization tends not to occur online. B) Today, the question is no longer if young people are plugged it, but how they use the resources. C) The age at which people go online has been increasing. D) A large percentage of teenagers are using the radio for socialization. 50) Which of the following statements regarding parental monitoring of the digital world is true? A) Parents profess that they have a large amount of knowledge pertaining to their children's online behavior. B) Mothers are more likely to monitor online activity than are fathers. C) Parents who have higher incomes tend to discuss online activity more than those with lower incomes. D) All parents know their children's passwords for e-mail and cell phones.

51) Prior to the 20th century, the protective function belonged to A) hospitals. B) the family. C) child care centers. D) mental health clinics. 52) Organized religion and government have impacted the life course by reinstituting some of the ________ once observed in agricultural communities and early industrial societies. A) beliefs B) folkways C) informal norms D) rites of passage 53) Rites of passage are A) gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. B) stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age. C) rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. D) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. 54) Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true? A) The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage. B) All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage. C) People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17. D) All of these answers are correct. 55) A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of A) role taking. B) impression management. C) rites of passage. D) face-work. 56) Life course theorists suggest socialization A) stops after a person experiences a rite of passage. B) continues through all stages of the life cycle. C) is attributable solely to biological influences. D) is attributable to both biological and physical influences.

57) Anticipatory socialization refers to A) the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture. B) processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. C) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. D) the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. 58) A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her school's swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college. This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) resocialization. C) desocialization. D) anticipatory socialization. 59) Which of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life? A) role divestment B) resocialization C) desocialization D) anticipatory socialization 60) Which of the following is an example of a total institution? A) a high school B) a mental hospital C) a Girl Scout troop D) the New York Mets 61) In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as A) degradation ceremonies. B) resocialization. C) anticipatory socialization. D) reverse socialization. 62) An inmate enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by number. This is an example of A) anticipatory socialization. B) a rite of passage. C) a degradation ceremony. D) ascription.

63) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization. 64) Jane has two young, active children. She is also the primary caregiver or her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. 65) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase 66) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of let-down as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. 67) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. 68) Which of the following is responsible for propelling mothers of young children into the working world? A) the need for additional family income B) the decrease in single-parent families C) increased job opportunities for men D) the decrease in the gender pay gap

69) Which of the following statements is true of child care in the United States? A) Children under the age of five are more likely to be cared for by their grandparents or other relatives. B) High-quality child care centers do adversely affect the socialization of children. C) The majority of infants in the United States are cared for by their parents. D) The federal government does not support child care. 70) In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." 71) Parents must concern themselves with an infant's physical needs, in addition to their children's social development. 72) Twin studies are viewed with some skepticism because they are based on very small sample sizes. 73) Studies of identical twins have proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. 74) The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, and your best friend are all significant others. 75) Individuals who learn to slant their presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences are participating in impression management. 76) Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. 77) The family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States. 78) Gender roles are the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. 79) Girls are socialized differently than boys within the United States. 80) Within peer groups, individuals tend to associate with others who are close in age and enjoy a similar social status. 81) Socialization does not take place online. 82) Religion and the state are examples of agents of socialization. 83) The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. 84) Socialization ends when you become an adult. 85) Individuality is often lost within total institutions. 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

86) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person to another. 87) Pre-schoolers typically are not cared for by their parents. 88) Few people in the United States or elsewhere can afford the luxury of having a parent stay at home, or of paying for high-quality live-in child care. 89) Finding affordable child care is not a problem in the United States. 90) Nearly all child care workers are women. 91) Discuss the nature versus nurture debate with regard to the socialization of one's social self or personality. 92) Describe George Herbert Mead's various stages of the self. Define the terms generalized others and significant others. 93) Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self. 94) Describe how the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives view the role of socialization in creating a social self in society. 95) Discuss the importance of peer groups on children's social development. 96) Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S. 97) Identify and describe a rite of passage in your culture. Why are rites of passage important in one's culture? 98) Explain the differences and similarities among socialization, resocialization, and anticipatory socialization. 99) Discuss the various stages of retirement. What factors can complicate the retirement process? 100) Discuss child care in the United States from the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 05 Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure 1) Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards A) indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory. B) demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur. C) indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics. D) demonstrated that a social structure cannot influence the type of social interactions that occur. Answer: B Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Social interaction is A) the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups. B) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. C) the ways in which people respond to one another. D) a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that A) the reality of humans is shaped only by our perceptions. B) humans respond to behavior in a negative fashion. C) humans interpret or define each other's actions. D) humans will only react to each other's actions. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan? A) Most husbands do not call their wife by name. B) Husbands say "I love you" more often than those of other nationalities. C) Most married Japanese couples do not actually love one another. D) Marriage is considered more a relationship than a social status. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation, but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 6) Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? A) socialization B) social structure C) social interaction D) culture Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society? A) status B) culture C) social structure D) gemeinschaft Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Status Learning Objective: List the various types of statuses in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) Jan, Randy, and Terry are science majors, and when they graduate from college, they find jobs as a nurse, a midwife, and a hospital administrator, respectively. These new positions are examples of A) statuses. B) social roles. C) groups. D) social networks. Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Status Learning Objective: List the various types of statuses in society. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying social work. Which of the following is his achieved status? A) social worker B) male C) African American D) college student Answer: D Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. B) "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. C) that is earned. D) that is reached as a result of negotiation. Answer: B Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's A) race, gender, and age. B) age, educational achievements, and gender. C) employment status, age, and race. D) gender, race, and social class. Answer: A Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Which of the following is considered an achieved status? A) race B) gender C) occupation D) age Answer: C Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which sociological perspective is especially interested in ascribed statuses because they often confer privileges or reflect a person's membership in a subordinate group? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct? A) It is easy to change when an individual becomes older. B) It has the same social meaning in every society. C) It is based on an individual's skills. D) It is generally biological in origin, but it is significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it within a given culture. Answer: D Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) An achieved status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. B) "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. C) that is assigned to an individual at birth. D) that is given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender. Answer: A Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Penelope is a 20-year-old Hispanic female. She is currently enrolled at her local community college. The achieved status in this scenario is A) Penelope's education. B) Penelope's gender. C) Penelope's age. D) Penelope's race/ethnicity. Answer: A Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) You walk into your women's studies class, and you look at the person sitting to your left. He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? A) his age B) his marital status C) his gender D) his interest in tennis Answer: C Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) A master status is a A) category used by sociologists for any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society. B) social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. C) status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society. D) series of social relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. Answer: C Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) When Malcolm X's eighth grade teacher ignored Malcolm's academic and social successes and dismissed his desired career goal of lawyer and instead suggested he become a carpenter, the teacher was viewing Malcolm's race as a(n) A) achieved status. B) master status. C) ascribed status. D) assigned status. Answer: B Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social positions? A) role strain B) role conflict C) role ambiguity D) role exit Answer: B Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a college professor. One of her current students asks her if she can make an appointment for a therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer her to a colleague because she feels that holding therapy sessions with a student might create A) role strain. B) role conflict. C) role exit. D) status displacement. Answer: B Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

22) The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as A) role conflict. B) role strain. C) role exit. D) resocialization. Answer: B Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 23) Transitioning from high school to college is an example of A) role conflict. B) role exit. C) role acceptance. D) role strain. Answer: B Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status? A) social role B) structural role C) achieved role D) ascribed role Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Social roles Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Which of the following statements about social roles is correct? A) The roles that belong to a social status are always performed in the same manner. B) Social roles are always performed in the same manner by those holding ascribed, but not achieved, statuses. C) Actual performance of a role varies from individual to individual. D) Role expectations and actual role performances never vary. Answer: C Topic: Social structure; Social roles Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social structure; Social roles Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) Role exit is defined as A) the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity. B) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person. C) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual. D) a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position. Answer: A Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core element of the first stage? A) searching for alternatives B) identity creation C) doubt D) action Answer: C Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. A) group B) negotiation team C) organic solidarity D) aggregate Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) A primary group is a small group that is A) characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding. B) characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. C) used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior. D) characterized by impersonality and face-to-face associations. Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses? A) secondary groups B) primary groups C) aggregates D) formal organizations Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) Which of the following is likely to be a primary group? A) all of the players in the National Hockey League B) the American Civil Liberties Union C) the members of a neighborhood softball team D) all American citizens Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 33) Which type of group is most important for socialization? A) primary groups B) coalitions C) out-groups D) secondary groups Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group? A) the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity B) the members of a small commune in Idaho C) the members of the United Nations General Assembly D) the members of a family Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 36) Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary group? A) They are generally small. B) Relationships are generally superficial. C) The dynamic is cooperative and friendly. D) The interaction is intimate and usually a face-to-face association. Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n) A) dyad. B) triad. C) in-group. D) out-group. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n) A) social network. B) primary group. C) reference group. D) out-group. Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 39) Proper behavior for the in-group is often viewed as unacceptable behavior for the out-group. Sociologist Robert Merton describes this process as the conversion of "in-group virtues" into A) "in-group vices." B) "out-group virtues." C) "out-group vices." D) goal displacement. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered A) a reference group. B) a secondary group. C) a focus group. D) a status group. Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 42) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of reference groups in setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

43) Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 44) A college law enforcement major watches the behavior of television police detectives with great admiration. These detectives could be considered A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a triad. D) a reference group. Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 45) A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is referred to as A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a coalition. D) a reference group. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

46) A social network is A) a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. B) an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. C) a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. Answer: C Topic: Social structure; Mass Media Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs? A) social networks B) social institutions C) functional prerequisites D) communities Answer: B Topic: Social structure; Social institutions Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 48) Which of the following is an example of a social institution? A) the U.S. government B) a group of passengers on an inner-city bus C) the members of a stamp-collecting society D) a children's playgroup Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Social institutions Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

49) Which of the following statements pertaining to coalitions is true? A) Coalitions can be broad-based. B) Coalitions can usually only take on one objective. C) Coalitions are formed with groups that are small. D) Coalitions can only be narrow. Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) Sociological research that maps sexual relationships amongst high school students is an example of research on A) ascribed statuses. B) role exit. C) social networks. D) social institutions. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 51) A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of A) role connection. B) impression management. C) status assistance. D) social networking. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

52) Which of the following networks is more likely to become elitist or exclusionary? A) in-groups B) out-groups C) reference groups D) coalitions Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 53) According to the text, network research is beginning to focus on A) face-to-face encounters. B) social media. C) letter writing. D) phone calls. Answer: B Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 54) Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

55) Functional prerequisites are A) tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) attempts to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 56) Which of the following is true of the functional perspectives? A) Finding or producing new members is not sufficient. B) Groups should not replace personnel when they die. C) Patriotism does not generally help people develop and maintain a sense of purpose. D) Failure to preserve order is not dangerous. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 in coming to witness the Inauguration of President Barack Obama represents what kind of functionalist prerequisite? A) teaching new recruits B) preserving order C) replacing personnel D) providing and maintaining a sense of purpose Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

58) The conflict perspective holds that social institutions A) maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society. B) preserve order and equality. C) train personnel equitably. D) provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) The role of a social institution from a functionalist perspective is to A) meet basic social needs. B) foster everyday behavior. C) preserve autonomy. D) influence the masses. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 60) Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that our social behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses we accept, the groups to which we belong, and the institutions within which we function? A) conflict B) interactionist C) global D) functionalist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

61) Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities affects their social behavior? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 62) Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as A) informal organizations. B) formal organizations. C) coalitions. D) primary groups. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 63) Which of the following is an example of a formal organization? A) a community college basketball team B) the people in a New York City subway car C) the General Motors Corporation D) the local kids' swim team Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

64) A bureaucracy is a(n) A) two-member group. B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. D) component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency. Answer: D Topic: Social structure; Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 65) A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n) A) coalition. B) ideal type. C) metaphor. D) questionnaire. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 66) By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of A) employment based on technical qualifications. B) hierarchy of authority. C) division of labor. D) written rules and regulations. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

67) In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme A) motion sickness. B) alienation. C) anomie. D) goal displacement. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 68) Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks? A) job security B) family values C) economic positions D) hierarchy of control Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 69) The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as A) goal displacement. B) oligarchy. C) manifest destiny. D) trained incapacity. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

70) The failure of various government intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy? A) division of labor B) hierarchy of authority C) impersonality D) employment based on technical qualifications Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 71) A college is run by a board of trustees, which hires a president, who in turn selects vice presidents, deans, and other administrators. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of A) written rules and regulations. B) division of labor. C) impersonality. D) hierarchy of authority. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 72) Goal displacement is A) the tendency for workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. B) a principle of organizational life according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. C) overzealous conformity to official regulations within a bureaucracy. D) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

73) A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S. citizenship. This is an example of A) goal displacement. B) goal multiplication. C) trained incapacity. D) hierarchy of authority. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 74) Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct? A) The division of labor does not really produce any positive consequences. B) The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving employees a voice in decision making. C) An organization's written rules and regulations have the positive consequence of leading to goal displacement. D) Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 75) The untested hypothesis that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as A) goal displacement. B) the Peter principle. C) trained incapacity. D) bureaucracy. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

76) Bureaucratization is A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 77) ________ is used to describe the process by which the principles of bureaucratization have increasingly shaped organizations worldwide. A) Globalization B) Corporatization C) Privatization D) McDonaldization Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 78) The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle A) of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals. B) under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests. C) of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. D) under which organizations are created to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

79) Oligarchies emerge because A) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal. B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy, and they are respected by their followers, who permit them to rule unhindered. C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. D) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal; and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 80) Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by A) Parkinson's law. B) the Peter principle. C) the iron law of oligarchy. D) the scientific management approach. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 81) According to the classical theory of formal organizations, workers are motivated almost entirely by A) economic rewards. B) fear of their superiors. C) norms of conformity to the group. D) the need for job satisfaction. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

82) Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on A) the dangers of collective bargaining. B) the role of people, communication, and participation among the company executives. C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. D) workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 83) Émile Durkheim argued that social structure depends on which of the following? A) leadership B) laws C) division of labor D) hierarchy Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 84) Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of solidarity becomes more A) mechanical. B) organic. C) preservationist. D) institutionalized. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

85) Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. A) Gemeinschaft B) Gesellschaft C) mechanical solidarity D) organic solidarity Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 86) Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a A) Gemeinschaft. B) Gesellschaft. C) Gesundheit. D) Glockenspiel. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 87) In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies with the term A) Gesellschaft. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 29 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

88) Today, Steve went into a grocery store where a stranger checked out his purchases and another stranger bagged his groceries. Then he went to a fast-food restaurant and purchased a hamburger from another stranger, and on his way home he stopped at an intersection, where an unknown police officer raised her hand. These experiences are all characteristic of A) Gesellschaft relationships. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft relationships. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 89) In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of A) farming. B) education. C) technology. D) banking. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 90) Which of the following characteristics applies to Gemeinschaft? A) Social interactions are impersonal and task-specific. B) Rural life typifies this form. C) Self-interest dominates. D) People are more tolerant of deviance. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

91) Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection? A) postmodernism B) negotiated order C) industrialization D) sociocultural evolution Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 92) A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to live is called a(n) A) agrarian society. B) hunting-and-gathering society. C) horticultural society. D) slash-and-burn farming society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 93) The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone axe, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n) A) agrarian society. B) horticultural society. C) hunting-and-gathering society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

94) In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is called a(n) A) hunting-and-gathering society. B) agrarian society. C) horticultural society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 95) A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) postmodern society. D) preindustrial society. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 96) Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of postmodern societies? A) Workplaces moved from the family cottage to centralized locations. B) Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent. C) Formal educational institutions developed. D) Mass consumption of consumer goods and media images. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

97) A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of information is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postmodern society. C) postindustrial society. D) agrarian society. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 98) A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) industrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 99) Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view represents which sociological perspective? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 33 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

100) A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images is called a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 101) In the U.S., we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 102) The practice of buying more than we need or want, and often more than we can afford is referred to as A) capitalism. B) McDonaldization. C) hyper consumerism. D) consumerism. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

103) ________ consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. A) Political parties B) Labor unions C) Reference groups D) Coalitions Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 104) Reality is shaped by our definitions—but not by our perceptions and evaluations. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 105) Social reality is literally constructed from our social interactions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 106) Positive age-seniority language distinctions are uncommon in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 107) Gender is an ascribed status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

108) Ascribed, achieved, and master are all examples of social statuses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure; Status Learning Objective: List the various types of statuses in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 109) Twitter has functioned as an important social networking tool. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 110) Coalitions consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 111) The mass media are an example of a social institution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass Media; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 112) A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society is referred to as alienation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

113) Bureaucratization only takes place within large-group settings. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 114) Sociologists have linked the recent decline in private-sector union membership to a widening gap between hourly workers' wages and managerial and executive compensation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 115) Émile Durkheim argued that mechanical solidarity is characteristic of the interdependence of people in a complex society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 116) The sociocultural evolutionary approach emphasizes a developmental perspective and pictures different types of social structures coexisting within the same society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 117) Identify and discuss the elements of social structure. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

118) Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses, and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 119) Explain the difference between role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 120) Compare and contrast the different types of groups. Have you had any experiences with any of these groups? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 121) Explain the ways in which a social network can either help or hinder a person. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 122) Define and discuss social institutions. Why is the mass media considered a social institution? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

123) Discuss how the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism view the role of social institutions in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 124) Discuss Max Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy. Is it possible to have a perfect bureaucracy? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 125) Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 126) Describe sociologist Gerhard Lenski's stages of sociocultural evolution, and explain how his view differs from that of Émile Durkheim's mechanical and organic solidarity and Ferdinand Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 127) Define and discuss sociocultural evolution. How does this pattern help explain the changes in human societies? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

128) According to sociologist Herbert Blumer (1969), there is one distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people. Identify and discuss this characteristic. Provide an example from your own experience that illustrates this distinctive characteristic. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 129) Define and discuss labor unions. What are some of the reasons that are contributing to the decline in union membership? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 05 Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure 1) Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards A) indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory. B) demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur. C) indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics. D) demonstrated that a social structure cannot influence the type of social interactions that occur. 2) Social interaction is A) the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups. B) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. C) the ways in which people respond to one another. D) a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. 3) According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that A) the reality of humans is shaped only by our perceptions. B) humans respond to behavior in a negative fashion. C) humans interpret or define each other's actions. D) humans will only react to each other's actions. 4) Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan? A) Most husbands do not call their wife by name. B) Husbands say "I love you" more often than those of other nationalities. C) Most married Japanese couples do not actually love one another. D) Marriage is considered more a relationship than a social status. 5) William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation, but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 6) Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? A) socialization B) social structure C) social interaction D) culture

7) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society? A) status B) culture C) social structure D) gemeinschaft 8) Jan, Randy, and Terry are science majors, and when they graduate from college, they find jobs as a nurse, a midwife, and a hospital administrator, respectively. These new positions are examples of A) statuses. B) social roles. C) groups. D) social networks. 9) Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying social work. Which of the following is his achieved status? A) social worker B) male C) African American D) college student 10) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. B) "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. C) that is earned. D) that is reached as a result of negotiation. 11) Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's A) race, gender, and age. B) age, educational achievements, and gender. C) employment status, age, and race. D) gender, race, and social class. 12) Which of the following is considered an achieved status? A) race B) gender C) occupation D) age 13) Which sociological perspective is especially interested in ascribed statuses because they often confer privileges or reflect a person's membership in a subordinate group? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct? A) It is easy to change when an individual becomes older. B) It has the same social meaning in every society. C) It is based on an individual's skills. D) It is generally biological in origin, but it is significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it within a given culture. 15) An achieved status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. B) "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. C) that is assigned to an individual at birth. D) that is given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender. 16) Penelope is a 20-year-old Hispanic female. She is currently enrolled at her local community college. The achieved status in this scenario is A) Penelope's education. B) Penelope's gender. C) Penelope's age. D) Penelope's race/ethnicity. 17) You walk into your women's studies class, and you look at the person sitting to your left. He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? A) his age B) his marital status C) his gender D) his interest in tennis 18) A master status is a A) category used by sociologists for any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society. B) social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. C) status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society. D) series of social relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. 19) When Malcolm X's eighth grade teacher ignored Malcolm's academic and social successes and dismissed his desired career goal of lawyer and instead suggested he become a carpenter, the teacher was viewing Malcolm's race as a(n) A) achieved status. B) master status. C) ascribed status. D) assigned status. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social positions? A) role strain B) role conflict C) role ambiguity D) role exit 21) Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a college professor. One of her current students asks her if she can make an appointment for a therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer her to a colleague because she feels that holding therapy sessions with a student might create A) role strain. B) role conflict. C) role exit. D) status displacement. 22) The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as A) role conflict. B) role strain. C) role exit. D) resocialization. 23) Transitioning from high school to college is an example of A) role conflict. B) role exit. C) role acceptance. D) role strain. 24) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status? A) social role B) structural role C) achieved role D) ascribed role 25) Which of the following statements about social roles is correct? A) The roles that belong to a social status are always performed in the same manner. B) Social roles are always performed in the same manner by those holding ascribed, but not achieved, statuses. C) Actual performance of a role varies from individual to individual. D) Role expectations and actual role performances never vary.

26) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 27) Role exit is defined as A) the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity. B) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person. C) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual. D) a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position. 28) In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core element of the first stage? A) searching for alternatives B) identity creation C) doubt D) action 29) A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. A) group B) negotiation team C) organic solidarity D) aggregate 30) A primary group is a small group that is A) characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding. B) characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. C) used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior. D) characterized by impersonality and face-to-face associations. 31) Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses? A) secondary groups B) primary groups C) aggregates D) formal organizations

32) Which of the following is likely to be a primary group? A) all of the players in the National Hockey League B) the American Civil Liberties Union C) the members of a neighborhood softball team D) all American citizens 33) Which type of group is most important for socialization? A) primary groups B) coalitions C) out-groups D) secondary groups 34) Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group 35) Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group? A) the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity B) the members of a small commune in Idaho C) the members of the United Nations General Assembly D) the members of a family 36) Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary group? A) They are generally small. B) Relationships are generally superficial. C) The dynamic is cooperative and friendly. D) The interaction is intimate and usually a face-to-face association. 37) Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n) A) dyad. B) triad. C) in-group. D) out-group. 38) A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n) A) social network. B) primary group. C) reference group. D) out-group.

39) Proper behavior for the in-group is often viewed as unacceptable behavior for the out-group. Sociologist Robert Merton describes this process as the conversion of "in-group virtues" into A) "in-group vices." B) "out-group virtues." C) "out-group vices." D) goal displacement. 40) The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 41) A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered A) a reference group. B) a secondary group. C) a focus group. D) a status group. 42) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of reference groups in setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 43) Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group 44) A college law enforcement major watches the behavior of television police detectives with great admiration. These detectives could be considered A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a triad. D) a reference group.

45) A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is referred to as A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a coalition. D) a reference group. 46) A social network is A) a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. B) an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. C) a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. 47) Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs? A) social networks B) social institutions C) functional prerequisites D) communities 48) Which of the following is an example of a social institution? A) the U.S. government B) a group of passengers on an inner-city bus C) the members of a stamp-collecting society D) a children's playgroup 49) Which of the following statements pertaining to coalitions is true? A) Coalitions can be broad-based. B) Coalitions can usually only take on one objective. C) Coalitions are formed with groups that are small. D) Coalitions can only be narrow. 50) Sociological research that maps sexual relationships amongst high school students is an example of research on A) ascribed statuses. B) role exit. C) social networks. D) social institutions. 51) A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of A) role connection. B) impression management. C) status assistance. D) social networking. 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

52) Which of the following networks is more likely to become elitist or exclusionary? A) in-groups B) out-groups C) reference groups D) coalitions 53) According to the text, network research is beginning to focus on A) face-to-face encounters. B) social media. C) letter writing. D) phone calls. 54) Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 55) Functional prerequisites are A) tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) attempts to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. 56) Which of the following is true of the functional perspectives? A) Finding or producing new members is not sufficient. B) Groups should not replace personnel when they die. C) Patriotism does not generally help people develop and maintain a sense of purpose. D) Failure to preserve order is not dangerous. 57) The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 in coming to witness the Inauguration of President Barack Obama represents what kind of functionalist prerequisite? A) teaching new recruits B) preserving order C) replacing personnel D) providing and maintaining a sense of purpose 58) The conflict perspective holds that social institutions A) maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society. B) preserve order and equality. C) train personnel equitably. D) provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness.

59) The role of a social institution from a functionalist perspective is to A) meet basic social needs. B) foster everyday behavior. C) preserve autonomy. D) influence the masses. 60) Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that our social behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses we accept, the groups to which we belong, and the institutions within which we function? A) conflict B) interactionist C) global D) functionalist 61) Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities affects their social behavior? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 62) Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as A) informal organizations. B) formal organizations. C) coalitions. D) primary groups. 63) Which of the following is an example of a formal organization? A) a community college basketball team B) the people in a New York City subway car C) the General Motors Corporation D) the local kids' swim team 64) A bureaucracy is a(n) A) two-member group. B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. D) component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency.

65) A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n) A) coalition. B) ideal type. C) metaphor. D) questionnaire. 66) By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of A) employment based on technical qualifications. B) hierarchy of authority. C) division of labor. D) written rules and regulations. 67) In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme A) motion sickness. B) alienation. C) anomie. D) goal displacement. 68) Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks? A) job security B) family values C) economic positions D) hierarchy of control 69) The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as A) goal displacement. B) oligarchy. C) manifest destiny. D) trained incapacity. 70) The failure of various government intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy? A) division of labor B) hierarchy of authority C) impersonality D) employment based on technical qualifications

71) A college is run by a board of trustees, which hires a president, who in turn selects vice presidents, deans, and other administrators. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of A) written rules and regulations. B) division of labor. C) impersonality. D) hierarchy of authority. 72) Goal displacement is A) the tendency for workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. B) a principle of organizational life according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. C) overzealous conformity to official regulations within a bureaucracy. D) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. 73) A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S. citizenship. This is an example of A) goal displacement. B) goal multiplication. C) trained incapacity. D) hierarchy of authority. 74) Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct? A) The division of labor does not really produce any positive consequences. B) The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving employees a voice in decision making. C) An organization's written rules and regulations have the positive consequence of leading to goal displacement. D) Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism. 75) The untested hypothesis that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as A) goal displacement. B) the Peter principle. C) trained incapacity. D) bureaucracy. 76) Bureaucratization is A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

77) ________ is used to describe the process by which the principles of bureaucratization have increasingly shaped organizations worldwide. A) Globalization B) Corporatization C) Privatization D) McDonaldization 78) The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle A) of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals. B) under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests. C) of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. D) under which organizations are created to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. 79) Oligarchies emerge because A) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal. B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy, and they are respected by their followers, who permit them to rule unhindered. C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. D) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal; and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. 80) Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by A) Parkinson's law. B) the Peter principle. C) the iron law of oligarchy. D) the scientific management approach. 81) According to the classical theory of formal organizations, workers are motivated almost entirely by A) economic rewards. B) fear of their superiors. C) norms of conformity to the group. D) the need for job satisfaction.

82) Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on A) the dangers of collective bargaining. B) the role of people, communication, and participation among the company executives. C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. D) workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies. 83) Émile Durkheim argued that social structure depends on which of the following? A) leadership B) laws C) division of labor D) hierarchy 84) Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of solidarity becomes more A) mechanical. B) organic. C) preservationist. D) institutionalized. 85) Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. A) Gemeinschaft B) Gesellschaft C) mechanical solidarity D) organic solidarity 86) Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a A) Gemeinschaft. B) Gesellschaft. C) Gesundheit. D) Glockenspiel. 87) In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies with the term A) Gesellschaft. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft.

88) Today, Steve went into a grocery store where a stranger checked out his purchases and another stranger bagged his groceries. Then he went to a fast-food restaurant and purchased a hamburger from another stranger, and on his way home he stopped at an intersection, where an unknown police officer raised her hand. These experiences are all characteristic of A) Gesellschaft relationships. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft relationships. 89) In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of A) farming. B) education. C) technology. D) banking. 90) Which of the following characteristics applies to Gemeinschaft? A) Social interactions are impersonal and task-specific. B) Rural life typifies this form. C) Self-interest dominates. D) People are more tolerant of deviance. 91) Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection? A) postmodernism B) negotiated order C) industrialization D) sociocultural evolution 92) A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to live is called a(n) A) agrarian society. B) hunting-and-gathering society. C) horticultural society. D) slash-and-burn farming society. 93) The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone axe, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n) A) agrarian society. B) horticultural society. C) hunting-and-gathering society. D) postmodern society.

94) In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is called a(n) A) hunting-and-gathering society. B) agrarian society. C) horticultural society. D) postmodern society. 95) A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) postmodern society. D) preindustrial society. 96) Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of postmodern societies? A) Workplaces moved from the family cottage to centralized locations. B) Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent. C) Formal educational institutions developed. D) Mass consumption of consumer goods and media images. 97) A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of information is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postmodern society. C) postindustrial society. D) agrarian society. 98) A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) industrial society. D) postmodern society. 99) Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view represents which sociological perspective? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective

100) A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images is called a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. 101) In the U.S., we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. 102) The practice of buying more than we need or want, and often more than we can afford is referred to as A) capitalism. B) McDonaldization. C) hyper consumerism. D) consumerism. 103) ________ consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. A) Political parties B) Labor unions C) Reference groups D) Coalitions 104) Reality is shaped by our definitions—but not by our perceptions and evaluations. 105) Social reality is literally constructed from our social interactions. 106) Positive age-seniority language distinctions are uncommon in the United States. 107) Gender is an ascribed status. 108) Ascribed, achieved, and master are all examples of social statuses. 109) Twitter has functioned as an important social networking tool. 110) Coalitions consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. 111) The mass media are an example of a social institution. 112) A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society is referred to as alienation. 17 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

113) Bureaucratization only takes place within large-group settings. 114) Sociologists have linked the recent decline in private-sector union membership to a widening gap between hourly workers' wages and managerial and executive compensation. 115) Émile Durkheim argued that mechanical solidarity is characteristic of the interdependence of people in a complex society. 116) The sociocultural evolutionary approach emphasizes a developmental perspective and pictures different types of social structures coexisting within the same society. 117) Identify and discuss the elements of social structure. 118) Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses, and give examples to support your answer. 119) Explain the difference between role conflict, role strain, and role exit. 120) Compare and contrast the different types of groups. Have you had any experiences with any of these groups? 121) Explain the ways in which a social network can either help or hinder a person. 122) Define and discuss social institutions. Why is the mass media considered a social institution? 123) Discuss how the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism view the role of social institutions in society. 124) Discuss Max Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy. Is it possible to have a perfect bureaucracy? Why or why not? 125) Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization. 126) Describe sociologist Gerhard Lenski's stages of sociocultural evolution, and explain how his view differs from that of Émile Durkheim's mechanical and organic solidarity and Ferdinand Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. 127) Define and discuss sociocultural evolution. How does this pattern help explain the changes in human societies? 128) According to sociologist Herbert Blumer (1969), there is one distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people. Identify and discuss this characteristic. Provide an example from your own experience that illustrates this distinctive characteristic.

129) Define and discuss labor unions. What are some of the reasons that are contributing to the decline in union membership?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 06 Mass Media and Social Media 1) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? A) transmitters B) opinion leaders C) mass media D) narcotizers Answer: C Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Magazines would be considered A) transmitters. B) opinion leaders. C) mass media. D) narcotizers. Answer: C Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following is true of mass media in the United States? A) New technologies have changed people's viewing and listening habits. B) People do not spend a lot of time with the new forms of media. C) Media consumers continue to prefer television, as opposed to portable devices. D) New forms of media only provide information on celebrities. Answer: A Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 5) Sociologist Robert Park studied A) the history of radio broadcasting. B) how newspapers helped immigrants to the U.S. adjust to their environments and taught them the customs and opinions of people in their new home country. C) the role the Internet played in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, tragedy. D) rock music as a social problem. Answer: B Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 6) Which of the following would the functionalist perspective most likely view as creating the greatest collective experience? A) a college student studying quietly in the library B) a person exercising in a public park C) the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 D) police arresting a shoplifter Answer: C Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities. A) interactive niche B) tribalism C) online nest D) identity cell Answer: B Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following is considered one way the media reaffirm proper behavior in society? A) newscasters discussing narcotic desensitizing B) a daytime talk show discussion on homosexuality C) movie and TV scenes showing criminals getting caught by authorities D) movie and TV scenes depicting the rape of women Answer: C Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? A) watching a televised funeral procession B) watching and listening to a Celine Dion video C) watching and listening to a televised cable newscast D) watching a televised execution of a mass murderer Answer: D Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on the functions of the mass media in conferring status on people, organizations, and public issues? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 11) People, organizations, and public issues appearing regularly on the covers of prominent magazines is a method used to A) confer status. B) celebrate events. C) provide fortune. D) promote objectivity in reporting. Answer: A Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) The function of media advertising is to support the economy, provide information about products, and underwrite media costs associated with A) conferment of status. B) promotion of consumption. C) enforcement of social norms. D) surveillance of the social environment. Answer: B Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) The widespread dissemination of compromising images that were meant to be shared only among close friends is one aspect of the social phenomenon called A) cyberbullying. B) blackmail. C) bribery. D) cyberstalking. Answer: A Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Media advertising contributes to a A) consumer culture. B) counter culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) hierarchy culture. Answer: A Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which of the following terms refers to the phenomenon whereby massive amounts of coverage result in the audience becoming numb and failing to act on the information regardless of how compellingly the issue was presented? A) narcotizing dysfunction B) surveillance function C) gatekeeping D) hyper-consumerism Answer: A Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Which of the following have sociologists suggested is a dysfunction of the mass media? A) conferring status B) having a narcotizing effect C) integration of a common view D) providing a collective experience Answer: B Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) People ignoring credible warnings about terrorist attacks due to the massive amounts of coverage in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, is an example of A) gatekeeping. B) surveillance function. C) narcotizing dysfunction. D) dominant ideology. Answer: C Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) If someone failed to contribute money because massive amounts of media coverage made him or her less sensitive to the needs of victims of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, this would be an example of A) selfishness. B) the narcotizing effect. C) globalization. D) socialization. Answer: B Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Which sociologist(s) first identified the effects of viewer fatigue and created the term narcotizing dysfunction? A) Robert Park B) Deena Weinstein C) Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton D) David Demers Answer: C Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 20) Which of the following statements is true? A) The narcotizing dysfunction of the media was identified in the 1980s after the deluge of cable news programming. B) Massive amounts of information tend to excite audiences. C) The numbing effect of the narcotizing dysfunction may prevent people from taking action in response to compelling issues. D) The term narcotizing dysfunction was created by feminist scholars. Answer: C Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbate many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict and feminist perspectives C) interactionist perspective D) global and interactionist perspectives Answer: B Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

22) The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience is referred to as A) the dominant ideology. B) gatekeeping. C) the surveillance function. D) the narcotizing dysfunction. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) A major network news agency that discourages reporting of issues concerning homosexuality is most likely practicing A) a dominant ideology. B) a narcotizing dysfunction. C) a surveillance function. D) gatekeeping. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) George is the executive producer of a small recording company with an established label. He rejects a popular local band because it competes with a group already on their label. He functions as a A) gatekeeper. B) censor. C) comptroller. D) watchdog. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

25) Which medium experiences the least amount of gatekeeping? A) television B) radio C) the Internet D) publishing Answer: C Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on gatekeeping as a process that reflects a desire to maximize profits by those with power and authority? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 27) The term media monitoring is used most often to refer to A) parents checking what their child watches. B) the government censoring media. C) interest groups' monitoring of content. D) studios following what is a "hit." Answer: C Topic: Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Eli Pariser wrote The Filter Bubble, which discusses the A) competition between search engines. B) monopoly created by Google. C) way in which search engines filter our searches to what we are already familiar with. D) access or lack of access created by the digital divide in the United States. Answer: C Topic: Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) The U.S. government was heavily criticized for which of the following media monitoring behaviors after the September 11, 2001, attacks? A) censoring college newspaper Internet content B) editing Clear Channel Radio news program broadcasts C) censoring ABC Nightly News reports D) authorizing wiretaps of U.S. citizens' telephone conversations Answer: D Topic: Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) What is the term used for the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? A) gatekeeping B) surveillance function C) narcotizing dysfunction D) dominant ideology Answer: D Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 32) Realistic portrayals of minorities and working-class persons tend to be ignored by mass media decision-makers primarily because A) viewers only enjoy fantasizing about being rich and powerful. B) most decisions are driven by Nielsen ratings. C) most decisions are made overwhelmingly by wealthy White males. D) minorities and working-class people feel ashamed of their social position. Answer: C Topic: Mass media; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) The creation of unreliable generalizations that distort the reality of persons, groups, and cultures is indicative of A) posture enabling. B) the surveillance function. C) the narcotizing dysfunction. D) stereotyping. Answer: D Topic: Dominant ideology; Stereotypes Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

34) The inclusion of local news on 24-hour cable news channels contributed to the growth of ________ media. A) around-the-clock B) community-centered C) local-centric D) hyper-local Answer: D Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) Worldwide, low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries have far less access than others to the latest technologies. This gap is referred to as the A) digital enclosure. B) digital world. C) digital dam. D) digital divide. Answer: D Topic: Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) Conflict theorists typically emphasize A) the conferral of status. B) the promotion of consumption. C) the digital divide. D) the enforcement of social norms. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Which sociological perspective is most likely to be concerned with television distorting gender roles and stereotyping, often rooted in the media's willingness to promote more traditional views? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Gender Learning Objective: List and summarize the three problems that feminists believe arise from media coverage. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 38) Which of the following statements concerning media portrayal of gender roles would the feminist perspective most likely endorse? A) Women are overrepresented in most television roles. B) Women are often portrayed as being in need of rescue by males. C) Men are often portrayed as compliant, working-class persons. D) Women are portrayed as overweight and dull in most television roles. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Gender Learning Objective: List and summarize the three problems that feminists believe arise from media coverage. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 39) Which sociological perspective is more likely to study the media's influence on society from the micro level to determine how social behavior is shaped? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with manipulation of "photo ops" to create an image of self-serving reality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 41) Fans of the TV show Star Trek meet in costume at a convention celebrating the anniversary of the show's conception. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus attention on this event? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 42) According to sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, ________ is the collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust. A) constant connectivity B) group cohesion C) social capital D) communal stake Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

43) The personalized approach to news information gathering was referred to by Cass Sunstein (2002) as A) cultural lag. B) global torrent. C) ego casting. D) global village. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) According to the text, cell phones have been crucial in providing ________ to help aid global refugees. A) monetary transactions B) translation services C) migration statistics D) geotagging Answer: C Topic: Media Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) Even if the audience for a certain form of mass media is spread out over a wide geographic area and the members do not know one another, they will be somewhat distinctive in terms of A) general interest. B) age, gender, income, political party, formal schooling, and race and ethnicity. C) the size of the grouping. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: B Topic: Mass media; Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) A person who influences the opinions and decisions of others through day-to-day personal contact and communication is referred to as a(n) A) gatekeeper. B) opinion leader. C) specialist. D) concentrator. Answer: B Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld A) pioneered the study of opinion leaders in his research on voting behavior in the 1940s. B) described the depiction of women as reflecting "innumerable small murders of mind and spirit (that) take place daily." C) researched rock music and found no sociologically credible evidence that rock caused sexual promiscuity, rape, drug abuse, Satanism, or suicide. D) studied how newspapers helped immigrants to the U.S. adjust to their environments and taught them the customs and opinions of their new country. Answer: A Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 48) Who predicted nearly 60 years ago that the rise of electronic media would create a "global village," thereby reducing the barriers created by physical distance? A) Erving Goffman B) Vivian Gornick C) Darnell Hunt D) Marshall McLuhan Answer: D Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

49) Which metaphor for the media's reach does sociologist Todd Gitlin consider more apt than "global village"? A) global torrent B) global wave C) global city D) global quagmire Answer: A Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) In an effort to better understand and combat a malaria outbreak in Kenya, public health researchers monitored the content of ________ to map the spread of the disease. A) television reports B) text messages C) emails D) health surveys Answer: B Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 51) The complex issues of censorship can be considered to be an illustration of A) social capital. B) material culture. C) culture lag. D) nonmaterial culture. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

52) Which of the sociological perspectives would more than likely take a positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest ability to facilitate communication? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 53) Which of the sociological perspectives would express concern about those with power, whether media companies or governments, exercising control over what people can see and read? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 54) Which of the sociological perspectives would see the debate over media content as an extension of everyday life? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective

55) The media often reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate social expectations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Functionalists believe the media reflects and even exacerbates many of the divisions in our society and world, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class. Answer: FALSE Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) The narcotizing dysfunction can desensitize an audience to suffering and can influence the degree to which that audience might conclude that a solution to a crisis has already been found. Answer: TRUE Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 58) A producer who declines adding a gay character to a storyline because she feels it would "upset certain audience members" is performing a gatekeeping role. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

59) For developing nations, the consequences of the global disconnect are far more serious than an inability to surf the Net. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60) Among the major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, interactionism, and the feminist perspective, conflict theorists would be most likely to suggest that the mass media serve a useful function in society by bringing members together in a collective experience. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Feminists typically share the view of conflict theorists that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives; Stereotypes Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62) The media audience is always a secondary group of observers who are spread over a wide geographic area and can most accurately be analyzed from the functionalist perspective. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

63) Female and male athletes are treated equally by the media. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: List and summarize the three problems that feminists believe arise from media coverage. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) Not all countries are equally connected across the globe. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) The postmodernist media has created a global village, where physical distance is no longer a barrier. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) The increase in the use of mass media, specifically electronic media, has allowed for abuses of personal privacy. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) The issues of censorship in the United States lead immediately to the First Amendment of the Constitution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

68) In general, support for censorship in the United States is very strong. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) Discuss the role of the media from the functionalist perspective and give examples to illustrate the impact of the media on social life. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) Discuss how the recent war with Iraq may have a narcotizing effect for some viewers, and provide illustrations to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Discuss the role of the media from the conflict perspective. Define the term gatekeeping and give examples to illustrate its effects on society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Why does the lack of Internet connectivity impact developing nations in such a negative way? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

73) Discuss how the interactionist view is useful in analyzing the role of the audience when trying to understand the impact of the media on social life. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) Discuss the similarities between the conflict perspective and feminist perspective regarding the significance of the media in shaping social attitudes. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Discuss segmented audience. What drives this type of specialized audience? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Discuss censorship. Do you believe that the Internet should be a free and open exchange of ideas and information? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass media; Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 06 Mass Media and Social Media 1) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? A) transmitters B) opinion leaders C) mass media D) narcotizers 2) Magazines would be considered A) transmitters. B) opinion leaders. C) mass media. D) narcotizers. 3) Which of the following is true of mass media in the United States? A) New technologies have changed people's viewing and listening habits. B) People do not spend a lot of time with the new forms of media. C) Media consumers continue to prefer television, as opposed to portable devices. D) New forms of media only provide information on celebrities. 4) Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 5) Sociologist Robert Park studied A) the history of radio broadcasting. B) how newspapers helped immigrants to the U.S. adjust to their environments and taught them the customs and opinions of people in their new home country. C) the role the Internet played in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, tragedy. D) rock music as a social problem. 6) Which of the following would the functionalist perspective most likely view as creating the greatest collective experience? A) a college student studying quietly in the library B) a person exercising in a public park C) the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 D) police arresting a shoplifter

7) A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities. A) interactive niche B) tribalism C) online nest D) identity cell 8) Which of the following is considered one way the media reaffirm proper behavior in society? A) newscasters discussing narcotic desensitizing B) a daytime talk show discussion on homosexuality C) movie and TV scenes showing criminals getting caught by authorities D) movie and TV scenes depicting the rape of women 9) Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? A) watching a televised funeral procession B) watching and listening to a Celine Dion video C) watching and listening to a televised cable newscast D) watching a televised execution of a mass murderer 10) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on the functions of the mass media in conferring status on people, organizations, and public issues? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 11) People, organizations, and public issues appearing regularly on the covers of prominent magazines is a method used to A) confer status. B) celebrate events. C) provide fortune. D) promote objectivity in reporting. 12) The function of media advertising is to support the economy, provide information about products, and underwrite media costs associated with A) conferment of status. B) promotion of consumption. C) enforcement of social norms. D) surveillance of the social environment. 13) The widespread dissemination of compromising images that were meant to be shared only among close friends is one aspect of the social phenomenon called A) cyberbullying. B) blackmail. C) bribery. D) cyberstalking. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Media advertising contributes to a A) consumer culture. B) counter culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) hierarchy culture. 15) Which of the following terms refers to the phenomenon whereby massive amounts of coverage result in the audience becoming numb and failing to act on the information regardless of how compellingly the issue was presented? A) narcotizing dysfunction B) surveillance function C) gatekeeping D) hyper-consumerism 16) Which of the following have sociologists suggested is a dysfunction of the mass media? A) conferring status B) having a narcotizing effect C) integration of a common view D) providing a collective experience 17) People ignoring credible warnings about terrorist attacks due to the massive amounts of coverage in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, is an example of A) gatekeeping. B) surveillance function. C) narcotizing dysfunction. D) dominant ideology. 18) If someone failed to contribute money because massive amounts of media coverage made him or her less sensitive to the needs of victims of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, this would be an example of A) selfishness. B) the narcotizing effect. C) globalization. D) socialization. 19) Which sociologist(s) first identified the effects of viewer fatigue and created the term narcotizing dysfunction? A) Robert Park B) Deena Weinstein C) Paul Lazarsfeld and Robert Merton D) David Demers

20) Which of the following statements is true? A) The narcotizing dysfunction of the media was identified in the 1980s after the deluge of cable news programming. B) Massive amounts of information tend to excite audiences. C) The numbing effect of the narcotizing dysfunction may prevent people from taking action in response to compelling issues. D) The term narcotizing dysfunction was created by feminist scholars. 21) Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbate many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict and feminist perspectives C) interactionist perspective D) global and interactionist perspectives 22) The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience is referred to as A) the dominant ideology. B) gatekeeping. C) the surveillance function. D) the narcotizing dysfunction. 23) A major network news agency that discourages reporting of issues concerning homosexuality is most likely practicing A) a dominant ideology. B) a narcotizing dysfunction. C) a surveillance function. D) gatekeeping. 24) George is the executive producer of a small recording company with an established label. He rejects a popular local band because it competes with a group already on their label. He functions as a A) gatekeeper. B) censor. C) comptroller. D) watchdog. 25) Which medium experiences the least amount of gatekeeping? A) television B) radio C) the Internet D) publishing

26) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on gatekeeping as a process that reflects a desire to maximize profits by those with power and authority? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 27) The term media monitoring is used most often to refer to A) parents checking what their child watches. B) the government censoring media. C) interest groups' monitoring of content. D) studios following what is a "hit." 28) Eli Pariser wrote The Filter Bubble, which discusses the A) competition between search engines. B) monopoly created by Google. C) way in which search engines filter our searches to what we are already familiar with. D) access or lack of access created by the digital divide in the United States. 29) The U.S. government was heavily criticized for which of the following media monitoring behaviors after the September 11, 2001, attacks? A) censoring college newspaper Internet content B) editing Clear Channel Radio news program broadcasts C) censoring ABC Nightly News reports D) authorizing wiretaps of U.S. citizens' telephone conversations 30) What is the term used for the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? A) gatekeeping B) surveillance function C) narcotizing dysfunction D) dominant ideology 31) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 32) Realistic portrayals of minorities and working-class persons tend to be ignored by mass media decision-makers primarily because A) viewers only enjoy fantasizing about being rich and powerful. B) most decisions are driven by Nielsen ratings. C) most decisions are made overwhelmingly by wealthy White males. D) minorities and working-class people feel ashamed of their social position. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

33) The creation of unreliable generalizations that distort the reality of persons, groups, and cultures is indicative of A) posture enabling. B) the surveillance function. C) the narcotizing dysfunction. D) stereotyping. 34) The inclusion of local news on 24-hour cable news channels contributed to the growth of ________ media. A) around-the-clock B) community-centered C) local-centric D) hyper-local 35) Worldwide, low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries have far less access than others to the latest technologies. This gap is referred to as the A) digital enclosure. B) digital world. C) digital dam. D) digital divide. 36) Conflict theorists typically emphasize A) the conferral of status. B) the promotion of consumption. C) the digital divide. D) the enforcement of social norms. 37) Which sociological perspective is most likely to be concerned with television distorting gender roles and stereotyping, often rooted in the media's willingness to promote more traditional views? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 38) Which of the following statements concerning media portrayal of gender roles would the feminist perspective most likely endorse? A) Women are overrepresented in most television roles. B) Women are often portrayed as being in need of rescue by males. C) Men are often portrayed as compliant, working-class persons. D) Women are portrayed as overweight and dull in most television roles.

39) Which sociological perspective is more likely to study the media's influence on society from the micro level to determine how social behavior is shaped? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 40) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with manipulation of "photo ops" to create an image of self-serving reality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 41) Fans of the TV show Star Trek meet in costume at a convention celebrating the anniversary of the show's conception. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus attention on this event? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 42) According to sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, ________ is the collective benefit of social networks, which are built on reciprocal trust. A) constant connectivity B) group cohesion C) social capital D) communal stake 43) The personalized approach to news information gathering was referred to by Cass Sunstein (2002) as A) cultural lag. B) global torrent. C) ego casting. D) global village. 44) According to the text, cell phones have been crucial in providing ________ to help aid global refugees. A) monetary transactions B) translation services C) migration statistics D) geotagging

51) The complex issues of censorship can be considered to be an illustration of A) social capital. B) material culture. C) culture lag. D) nonmaterial culture. 52) Which of the sociological perspectives would more than likely take a positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest ability to facilitate communication? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective 53) Which of the sociological perspectives would express concern about those with power, whether media companies or governments, exercising control over what people can see and read? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective 54) Which of the sociological perspectives would see the debate over media content as an extension of everyday life? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective 55) The media often reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate social expectations. 56) Functionalists believe the media reflects and even exacerbates many of the divisions in our society and world, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class. 57) The narcotizing dysfunction can desensitize an audience to suffering and can influence the degree to which that audience might conclude that a solution to a crisis has already been found. 58) A producer who declines adding a gay character to a storyline because she feels it would "upset certain audience members" is performing a gatekeeping role. 59) For developing nations, the consequences of the global disconnect are far more serious than an inability to surf the Net. 60) Among the major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, interactionism, and the feminist perspective, conflict theorists would be most likely to suggest that the mass media serve a useful function in society by bringing members together in a collective experience. 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

61) Feminists typically share the view of conflict theorists that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality. 62) The media audience is always a secondary group of observers who are spread over a wide geographic area and can most accurately be analyzed from the functionalist perspective. 63) Female and male athletes are treated equally by the media. 64) Not all countries are equally connected across the globe. 65) The postmodernist media has created a global village, where physical distance is no longer a barrier. 66) The increase in the use of mass media, specifically electronic media, has allowed for abuses of personal privacy. 67) The issues of censorship in the United States lead immediately to the First Amendment of the Constitution. 68) In general, support for censorship in the United States is very strong. 69) Discuss the role of the media from the functionalist perspective and give examples to illustrate the impact of the media on social life. 70) Discuss how the recent war with Iraq may have a narcotizing effect for some viewers, and provide illustrations to support your answer. 71) Discuss the role of the media from the conflict perspective. Define the term gatekeeping and give examples to illustrate its effects on society. 72) Why does the lack of Internet connectivity impact developing nations in such a negative way? 73) Discuss how the interactionist view is useful in analyzing the role of the audience when trying to understand the impact of the media on social life. 74) Discuss the similarities between the conflict perspective and feminist perspective regarding the significance of the media in shaping social attitudes. 75) Discuss segmented audience. What drives this type of specialized audience? 76) Discuss censorship. Do you believe that the Internet should be a free and open exchange of ideas and information? Why or why not?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 07 Deviance, Crime, and Social Control 1) Deviance is behavior that A) always violates the laws of a society. B) is always illegal. C) violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. D) is always anomic. Answer: C Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following would be categorized as deviant in the United States? A) Individuals who are against democratic values. B) Individuals who dislike school. C) Individuals with mental illness. D) Individuals with type A personalities. Answer: C Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which of the following is true of deviance? A) Deviance is objective and set in stone. B) Deviance is subject to social definition within a particular society and time. C) Individuals with the lowest status and power define what is acceptable and what is deviant. D) The definition of acceptable behavior does not evolve. Answer: B Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) A label used to devalue members of certain social groups is referred to as A) deviance. B) obedience. C) sanction. D) stigma. Answer: D Topic: Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The term social control refers to A) justifications for deviant behavior. B) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. C) techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. D) behavior that violates the norms of a group. Answer: C Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Sanctions are defined as A) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. B) justifications for deviant behavior. C) rules made by a government. D) a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Answer: A Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective Answer: A Topic: Social control; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following terms refers to going along with one's peers, with peers defined as individuals of a person's own status who have no special right to direct that person's behavior? A) labeling B) conformity C) deviance D) obedience Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Obedience refers to A) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior. B) compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. C) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. D) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior, as well as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will A) conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are racist. B) obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual. C) disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, in most instances, if the behavior may harm another individual. D) not conform to the attitudes and behavior of their peers if racism is expected. Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule, is known as A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. Answer: C Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Stigma; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) What was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience? A) to better understand German involvement in the annihilation of Jews in World War II B) to better understand the deterrence power of the death penalty C) self-esteem issues D) a federal government grant Answer: A Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) A) norm. B) folkway. C) formal sanction. D) informal sanction. Answer: D Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) Clyde is imprisoned for "tagging," or "visual terrorism." The arrest is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) Social control carried out by authorized agents—such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers—is called A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. Answer: D Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of A) formal social control. B) informal social control. C) neutralization. D) enforcement of regulatory law. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Being late for class can be categorized as a(n) A) deviant act. B) accident. C) crime. D) infraction. Answer: A Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms? A) anomie theory of deviance B) labeling theory C) control theory D) theory of differential association Answer: C Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Control theory states that we A) are bonded to members of our subculture, and if they engage in deviant behavior, we use them as role models and act in the same manner. B) are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society. C) are "convinced" to act in a law-abiding manner because of the "control" that law enforcement agencies have over our lives. D) act in a conforming manner because of self-control. Answer: B Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists? A) environmental influences B) genetic roots C) social structure D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociologists Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) The contemporary study of possible genetic roots of criminality is but one aspect of the larger debate over A) biosociology. B) sociobiology. C) impression management. D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) "Deviance helps to define the limits of proper behavior." This statement represents the view of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) In Émile Durkheim's view, A) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability. B) labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person's becoming deviant. C) people accept or reject the goals of a society and/or the socially approved means to fulfill their aspirations. D) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior, and people accept or reject the goals of a society. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Punishment Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which term is used in the sociological literature to describe a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? A) anomie B) neutralization C) cultural transmission D) disobedience Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27) In which of the following would anomie be felt to its greatest effect? A) A man loses his job, his fortune, and his family during the Great Depression of the 1930s. B) An individual takes a shortcut to school and gets lost. C) A woman wins a lottery and gives a considerable amount of her winnings to several charities that are important to her. D) A teen leaves her job at the end of summer when school resumes. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

28) In his anomie theory of deviance, Robert Merton A) described five types of deviance. B) created a typology to explain the basic types of adaptations people make to culture. C) noted that people will always follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time. D) suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, and he steals one from a local store. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance? A) conflict theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) cultural transmission theory Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 30) In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as A) ritualists. B) rebels. C) innovators. D) retreatists. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the "class brain" who is sitting next to him. According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a(n) A) ritualist. B) retreatist. C) rebel. D) innovator. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 32) An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton's theory, this welfare worker would be a(n) A) ritualist. B) rebel. C) innovator. D) retreatist. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 33) According to Robert Merton, members of revolutionary political organizations such as the Irish Republican Army would typically be classified as A) rebels. B) ritualists. C) conformists. D) innovators. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Sociologists Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

34) Which sociological perspective's approach explains why rule violation continues to exist in societies despite pressures to conform and obey, but fails to indicate how a given person comes to commit a deviant act or why on some occasions crimes do or do not occur? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 35) Which theory was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others? A) labeling theory B) cultural transmission C) societal-reaction approach D) techniques of neutralization Answer: B Topic: Sociologists; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of A) differential association and anomie. B) conformity and labeling. C) labeling and social disorganization. D) differential association and conformity. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

37) Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket. His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom—which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register—on everyone's bill. Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items, so the items can continue to be sold. Eventually, Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices. This is an example of A) labeling. B) anomie. C) differential association. D) dramaturgy. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 38) Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions? A) cultural transmission theory B) labeling theory C) social disorganization theory D) conflict theory Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 39) Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory? A) too much focus on larger forces B) seems to "blame the victim" C) that there are no viable organizations D) that troubled areas are hopeless Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

40) The societal-reaction approach is also known as A) the human relations approach. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) labeling theory. D) the dramaturgical approach. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This illustrates which explanation of deviance? A) anomie theory B) labeling theory C) cultural transmission D) differential association Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 42) Which of the following individuals would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels? A) sexual predators and prostitutes B) gamblers and money launderers C) regulators of social control D) sexual predators and prostitutes, and gamblers and money launderers Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

43) The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation of deviance? A) differential association theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) social disorganization theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) A person convicted of a crime—even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account—is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is A) White and non-Hispanic. B) Black. C) Hispanic. D) Asian or Native American. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Punishment; Race Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

46) A bank president is found guilty of tax evasion. In addition to paying the government all the money he owes with substantial interest, he is sentenced to three years' probation and a $50,000 fine. At the same time, a female teller at the same bank is found guilty of stealing $500. The teller is sentenced to a prison term of no less than four years. This differential treatment would be of particular concern to sociologists using the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 47) Which perspective would look to the disproportionate economic and lobbying power wielded by groups such as the National Rifle Association in the debate over gun violence in U.S. society? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 48) Crime is a violation of A) criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority. B) societal standards and is punished with informal sanctions. C) informal norms that are sanctioned with stigmas. D) normative behaviors that are considered by society to be proper conduct. Answer: A Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

49) Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various A) organized crimes. B) victimless crimes. C) white-collar crimes. D) corporate crimes. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 50) Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African American offenders? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 51) A professional criminal is A) an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities. B) always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling. C) a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. D) an individual who commits one to two crimes within their lifespan. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

52) An important aspect of a professional criminal's work is A) studying crime statistics. B) boundary maintenance. C) developing skilled techniques. D) goal multiplication. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 53) The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities is called A) routine activities crime. B) victimless crime. C) organized crime. D) white-collar crime. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 54) The term ethnic succession, as used by Daniel Bell, refers to A) the migration of immigrant groups into communities previously occupied by other immigrant groups. B) the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. C) the process during which the membership of law enforcement agencies is passed from one ethnic group to another. D) the migration of immigrant groups to suburbia. Answer: B Topic: Race; Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

55) In a city on the East Coast, organized crime was dominated by an Italian "family," but they were eventually displaced by African Americans. This would be an example of A) assimilation. B) ethnic succession. C) labeling. D) differential association. Answer: B Topic: Race; Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 56) What term is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities? A) professional crime B) organized crime C) index crime D) white-collar crime Answer: D Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 57) A corporate vice president is convicted of attempting to bribe a presidential aide. This type of crime is called A) professional crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) an index crime. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

58) Which of the following is true of white-collar crime? A) The offender is more likely to receive a prison sentence than a fine. B) Conviction generally does not harm the person's reputation or career aspirations as much as conviction for a street crime would. C) The label "white-collar criminal" carries a greater stigma than "felon convicted of a violent crime." D) They are more likely to be treated unfairly in the prison system. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) Crime that occurs across multiple national borders is known as A) transnational crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) global crime. Answer: A Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 60) What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability? A) white-collar crime B) professional crime C) hate crime D) victimless crime Answer: C Topic: Race; Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar and street crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

61) According to crime statistics, hate crimes focus most frequently on which of the following? A) sexual orientation B) disability C) religion D) race Answer: D Topic: Race; Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 62) According to journalist Naomi Wolf, women in the U.S. who do not conform to the beauty myth are viewed as deviant. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) From a sociological perspective, deviance is hardly objective or set in stone. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) What is deviant in one culture may be celebrated in another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

65) Stigma refers to an exaggerated ideal of beauty, beyond reach of all but a few females, which has unfortunate consequences. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) Technological innovations such as smartphones cannot redefine social interactions and the standards of behavior related to them. Answer: FALSE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) Laws, dress codes, and games all express social norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure is referred to as conformity. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

69) Adults in the United States view corporal punishment of children as a proper and necessary means of informal social control. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control; Norms; Punishment Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) Binge drinking can be regarded as both a conformity and a deviant act. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Control theory reminds us that while the media may focus on crime and disorder, most members of most societies conform to and obey basic norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Control theory effectively explains the rationale for every conforming act. Answer: FALSE Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) The assumption of flight risk trumps the presumption of innocence. Answer: TRUE Topic: Law; Punishment Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

74) Individuals who feel justified in shoplifting goods so that their family can eat are considered innovators in Robert Merton's terms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theories; Crime; Poverty Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Female criminologists have suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were actually developed with both women and men in mind. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Supporters of the right to carry concealed weapons on campus argue that it's a constitutional right. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) Hate crimes are distinguished in large part by motivation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race; Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Martha Stewart's criminal activity was considered a professional crime, as she committed her crimes during the course of her regular business. Answer: FALSE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

79) Crime data reported in the United States are based on index crimes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Our society places greater emphasis on individual economic achievement than other societies do. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Provide examples in your discussion. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Discuss the various components of social control. Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance; Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

84) Describe the similarities in and differences between conformity and obedience, according to Stanley Milgram. Give examples to support both concepts. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) How is binge drinking both a deviance and a conformity? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Describe the debate surrounding capital punishment in the U.S. and elsewhere. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Discuss government social control and its criticisms. Do you agree or disagree with the criticisms? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Law; Sociologists Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

89) Discuss the relationship between cultural transmission and differential association in explaining deviance or criminal acts. Give an illustration of how a person would likely become criminal using the differential association process. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) Define and discuss white-collar crime. How does it compare to street crime? Provide examples. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) According to crime trends, there has been a significant decline in violent crime in the United States in recent years. Why is this so? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Discuss the differences between deviance and crime. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance; Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) Discuss gun control via the sociological perspectives: conflict, functionalist, and interactionist. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 07 Deviance, Crime, and Social Control 1) Deviance is behavior that A) always violates the laws of a society. B) is always illegal. C) violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. D) is always anomic. 2) Which of the following would be categorized as deviant in the United States? A) Individuals who are against democratic values. B) Individuals who dislike school. C) Individuals with mental illness. D) Individuals with type A personalities. 3) Which of the following is true of deviance? A) Deviance is objective and set in stone. B) Deviance is subject to social definition within a particular society and time. C) Individuals with the lowest status and power define what is acceptable and what is deviant. D) The definition of acceptable behavior does not evolve. 4) A label used to devalue members of certain social groups is referred to as A) deviance. B) obedience. C) sanction. D) stigma. 5) The term social control refers to A) justifications for deviant behavior. B) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. C) techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. D) behavior that violates the norms of a group. 6) Sanctions are defined as A) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. B) justifications for deviant behavior. C) rules made by a government. D) a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. 7) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective

8) Which of the following terms refers to going along with one's peers, with peers defined as individuals of a person's own status who have no special right to direct that person's behavior? A) labeling B) conformity C) deviance D) obedience 9) Obedience refers to A) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior. B) compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. C) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. D) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior, as well as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. 10) According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will A) conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are racist. B) obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual. C) disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, in most instances, if the behavior may harm another individual. D) not conform to the attitudes and behavior of their peers if racism is expected. 11) Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule, is known as A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. 12) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 13) What was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience? A) to better understand German involvement in the annihilation of Jews in World War II B) to better understand the deterrence power of the death penalty C) self-esteem issues D) a federal government grant

14) Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) A) norm. B) folkway. C) formal sanction. D) informal sanction. 15) An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. 16) Clyde is imprisoned for "tagging," or "visual terrorism." The arrest is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. 17) Social control carried out by authorized agents—such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers—is called A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. 18) A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of A) formal social control. B) informal social control. C) neutralization. D) enforcement of regulatory law. 19) Being late for class can be categorized as a(n) A) deviant act. B) accident. C) crime. D) infraction.

20) Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms? A) anomie theory of deviance B) labeling theory C) control theory D) theory of differential association 21) Control theory states that we A) are bonded to members of our subculture, and if they engage in deviant behavior, we use them as role models and act in the same manner. B) are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society. C) are "convinced" to act in a law-abiding manner because of the "control" that law enforcement agencies have over our lives. D) act in a conforming manner because of self-control. 22) Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists? A) environmental influences B) genetic roots C) social structure D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 23) The contemporary study of possible genetic roots of criminality is but one aspect of the larger debate over A) biosociology. B) sociobiology. C) impression management. D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. 24) "Deviance helps to define the limits of proper behavior." This statement represents the view of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 25) In Émile Durkheim's view, A) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability. B) labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person's becoming deviant. C) people accept or reject the goals of a society and/or the socially approved means to fulfill their aspirations. D) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior, and people accept or reject the goals of a society.

26) Which term is used in the sociological literature to describe a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? A) anomie B) neutralization C) cultural transmission D) disobedience 27) In which of the following would anomie be felt to its greatest effect? A) A man loses his job, his fortune, and his family during the Great Depression of the 1930s. B) An individual takes a shortcut to school and gets lost. C) A woman wins a lottery and gives a considerable amount of her winnings to several charities that are important to her. D) A teen leaves her job at the end of summer when school resumes. 28) In his anomie theory of deviance, Robert Merton A) described five types of deviance. B) created a typology to explain the basic types of adaptations people make to culture. C) noted that people will always follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time. D) suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals. 29) An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, and he steals one from a local store. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance? A) conflict theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) cultural transmission theory 30) In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as A) ritualists. B) rebels. C) innovators. D) retreatists. 31) Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the "class brain" who is sitting next to him. According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a(n) A) ritualist. B) retreatist. C) rebel. D) innovator.

32) An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton's theory, this welfare worker would be a(n) A) ritualist. B) rebel. C) innovator. D) retreatist. 33) According to Robert Merton, members of revolutionary political organizations such as the Irish Republican Army would typically be classified as A) rebels. B) ritualists. C) conformists. D) innovators. 34) Which sociological perspective's approach explains why rule violation continues to exist in societies despite pressures to conform and obey, but fails to indicate how a given person comes to commit a deviant act or why on some occasions crimes do or do not occur? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 35) Which theory was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others? A) labeling theory B) cultural transmission C) societal-reaction approach D) techniques of neutralization 36) Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of A) differential association and anomie. B) conformity and labeling. C) labeling and social disorganization. D) differential association and conformity.

37) Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket. His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom—which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register—on everyone's bill. Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items, so the items can continue to be sold. Eventually, Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices. This is an example of A) labeling. B) anomie. C) differential association. D) dramaturgy. 38) Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions? A) cultural transmission theory B) labeling theory C) social disorganization theory D) conflict theory 39) Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory? A) too much focus on larger forces B) seems to "blame the victim" C) that there are no viable organizations D) that troubled areas are hopeless 40) The societal-reaction approach is also known as A) the human relations approach. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) labeling theory. D) the dramaturgical approach. 41) A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This illustrates which explanation of deviance? A) anomie theory B) labeling theory C) cultural transmission D) differential association 42) Which of the following individuals would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels? A) sexual predators and prostitutes B) gamblers and money launderers C) regulators of social control D) sexual predators and prostitutes, and gamblers and money launderers

43) The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation of deviance? A) differential association theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) social disorganization theory 44) A person convicted of a crime—even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account—is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is A) White and non-Hispanic. B) Black. C) Hispanic. D) Asian or Native American. 45) An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 46) A bank president is found guilty of tax evasion. In addition to paying the government all the money he owes with substantial interest, he is sentenced to three years' probation and a $50,000 fine. At the same time, a female teller at the same bank is found guilty of stealing $500. The teller is sentenced to a prison term of no less than four years. This differential treatment would be of particular concern to sociologists using the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 47) Which perspective would look to the disproportionate economic and lobbying power wielded by groups such as the National Rifle Association in the debate over gun violence in U.S. society? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 48) Crime is a violation of A) criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority. B) societal standards and is punished with informal sanctions. C) informal norms that are sanctioned with stigmas. D) normative behaviors that are considered by society to be proper conduct.

49) Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various A) organized crimes. B) victimless crimes. C) white-collar crimes. D) corporate crimes. 50) Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African American offenders? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 51) A professional criminal is A) an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities. B) always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling. C) a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. D) an individual who commits one to two crimes within their lifespan. 52) An important aspect of a professional criminal's work is A) studying crime statistics. B) boundary maintenance. C) developing skilled techniques. D) goal multiplication. 53) The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities is called A) routine activities crime. B) victimless crime. C) organized crime. D) white-collar crime. 54) The term ethnic succession, as used by Daniel Bell, refers to A) the migration of immigrant groups into communities previously occupied by other immigrant groups. B) the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. C) the process during which the membership of law enforcement agencies is passed from one ethnic group to another. D) the migration of immigrant groups to suburbia.

55) In a city on the East Coast, organized crime was dominated by an Italian "family," but they were eventually displaced by African Americans. This would be an example of A) assimilation. B) ethnic succession. C) labeling. D) differential association. 56) What term is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities? A) professional crime B) organized crime C) index crime D) white-collar crime 57) A corporate vice president is convicted of attempting to bribe a presidential aide. This type of crime is called A) professional crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) an index crime. 58) Which of the following is true of white-collar crime? A) The offender is more likely to receive a prison sentence than a fine. B) Conviction generally does not harm the person's reputation or career aspirations as much as conviction for a street crime would. C) The label "white-collar criminal" carries a greater stigma than "felon convicted of a violent crime." D) They are more likely to be treated unfairly in the prison system. 59) Crime that occurs across multiple national borders is known as A) transnational crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) global crime. 60) What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability? A) white-collar crime B) professional crime C) hate crime D) victimless crime 61) According to crime statistics, hate crimes focus most frequently on which of the following? A) sexual orientation B) disability C) religion D) race 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

62) According to journalist Naomi Wolf, women in the U.S. who do not conform to the beauty myth are viewed as deviant. 63) From a sociological perspective, deviance is hardly objective or set in stone. 64) What is deviant in one culture may be celebrated in another. 65) Stigma refers to an exaggerated ideal of beauty, beyond reach of all but a few females, which has unfortunate consequences. 66) Technological innovations such as smartphones cannot redefine social interactions and the standards of behavior related to them. 67) Laws, dress codes, and games all express social norms. 68) Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure is referred to as conformity. 69) Adults in the United States view corporal punishment of children as a proper and necessary means of informal social control. 70) Binge drinking can be regarded as both a conformity and a deviant act. 71) Control theory reminds us that while the media may focus on crime and disorder, most members of most societies conform to and obey basic norms. 72) Control theory effectively explains the rationale for every conforming act. 73) The assumption of flight risk trumps the presumption of innocence. 74) Individuals who feel justified in shoplifting goods so that their family can eat are considered innovators in Robert Merton's terms. 75) Female criminologists have suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were actually developed with both women and men in mind. 76) Supporters of the right to carry concealed weapons on campus argue that it's a constitutional right. 77) Hate crimes are distinguished in large part by motivation. 78) Martha Stewart's criminal activity was considered a professional crime, as she committed her crimes during the course of her regular business. 79) Crime data reported in the United States are based on index crimes.

80) Our society places greater emphasis on individual economic achievement than other societies do. 81) Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Provide examples in your discussion. 82) Discuss the various components of social control. Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors. 83) Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in. 84) Describe the similarities in and differences between conformity and obedience, according to Stanley Milgram. Give examples to support both concepts. 85) How is binge drinking both a deviance and a conformity? 86) Describe the debate surrounding capital punishment in the U.S. and elsewhere. 87) Discuss government social control and its criticisms. Do you agree or disagree with the criticisms? 88) Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. 89) Discuss the relationship between cultural transmission and differential association in explaining deviance or criminal acts. Give an illustration of how a person would likely become criminal using the differential association process. 90) Define and discuss white-collar crime. How does it compare to street crime? Provide examples. 91) According to crime trends, there has been a significant decline in violent crime in the United States in recent years. Why is this so? 92) Discuss the differences between deviance and crime. 93) Discuss gun control via the sociological perspectives: conflict, functionalist, and interactionist.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 08 Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States 1) A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called A) socialization. B) status. C) social structure. D) social inequality. Answer: D Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? A) social mobility B) stratification C) hypergamy D) status Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. B) assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique characteristics or talents. C) based solely on income and wealth. D) based solely on lifestyle. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ________ status. A) ascribed B) achieved C) horizontal D) structural Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) A system of enforced servitude in which people are legally owned by others is known as A) feudalism. B) slavery. C) communism. D) a caste system. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Which of the following statements about slavery is true? A) It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality. B) The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the U.S. and in ancient Greece. C) Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece. D) Slavery in the U.S. was considered an achieved status. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following terms refers to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated? A) tenures B) slavery C) castes D) feudalism Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) Some sociologists have suggested that in the southern U.S. in the pre-civil rights era, an African American individual was born into a status that would always be subordinate to the status of all of the White members of the community. This is an example of a(n) A) estate system. B) class system. C) caste system. D) feudal system. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as a(n) A) estate system. B) slavery system. C) caste system. D) peonage system. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on A) age. B) caste. C) economic position. D) religious and ethnic background. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Which of the following types of stratification systems required peasants to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented, and as an adult she becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? A) lower class B) lower-middle class C) working class D) upper class Answer: D Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) A single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered A) upper class. B) middle class. C) lower-middle class. D) working class. Answer: D Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) Less affluent professionals, such as elementary school teachers, are included in which of the following social classes? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class Answer: C Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) Which of the following factors have contributed to the shrinking size of the middle class? A) increasing opportunities for those with little education B) independence of the temporary workforce C) global competition and rapid advances in technology D) the decline of new growth industries and nonunion workplaces Answer: C Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) Which of the following social classes is declining in size? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class Answer: D Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on A) class differentiation. B) achieved status. C) the Protestant work ethic. D) religious factors. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. B) all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit. D) the means of production are largely in public sector hands and are collectively owned. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) Susan owns and profits from her own business. She is a part of a capitalist class, which is also referred to as a A) bourgeoisie. B) proletariat. C) peasant. D) oligarch. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Karl Marx used the term proletariat to refer to the A) capitalist class. B) owners of the means of production. C) working class. D) middle class. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) In Karl Marx's view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the A) mass media. B) primary mode of economic production. C) legislature. D) most powerful religious organizations. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to A) an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position. B) the reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. C) a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. D) the respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect the class's objective position? A) false consciousness B) bourgeoisie consciousness C) class consciousness D) proletariat consciousness Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) In Karl Marx's view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed a A) bourgeoisie consciousness. B) class consciousness. C) false consciousness. D) caste consciousness. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) Max Weber uses the term class to refer to people who share a similar level of A) culture. B) wealth and income. C) power. D) esteem. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27) One shortcoming of Karl Marx's work is that he failed to anticipate the A) end of feudalism. B) extent to which political liberties and relative prosperity could contribute to a false consciousness. C) effects of alienated labor on the working class. D) conflict between various capitalist nations. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification? A) class, caste, and power B) class, status, and power C) class, caste, and age D) class, prestige, and esteem Answer: B Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Status group refers to A) people who share a similar level of wealth and income. B) people who share the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class position. C) members of a class who have a subjective awareness regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change. D) a feudal class. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) Max Weber defined ________ as the ability to exercise one's will over others. A) control B) status C) class D) power Answer: D Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Every evening at a neighborhood bar, the clientele—which consists of construction workers, police officers, plumbers, and factory workers—watches sports events on the big screen television set and play pool. The people who hang out in this bar are an example of a A) status group. B) power group. C) class. D) caste. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 32) The owner of a major league baseball team can fire employees for not winning a pennant, have the city build him a new ballpark, and prevent organizations that compete against his own team from airing advertisements during the team's televised games. In Max Weber's view, this owner would most likely be considered as having A) power. B) class. C) esteem. D) status. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

33) Thorstein Veblen suggested persons at the top of the social hierarchy convert wealth into conspicuous consumption, while the behavior of the lower classes is often subjected to ridicule. Veblen's views are from the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. Answer: C Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 34) In Max Weber's view, A) people hold three distinct ranks in society. B) our position in a stratification system reflects some combination of class, stigma, and power. C) our rank in society is determined by four separate variables. D) all people fall under the same social class. Answer: A Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner? A) consumption flow B) inconspicuous ridicule C) conspicuous leisure D) consumptive frivolity Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

36) Purchasing goods not to survive, but to flaunt one's superior wealth and social standing is known as A) presumptive consumption. B) inconspicuous ridicule. C) conspicuous consumption. D) consumptive frivolity. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 37) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that most talented people would not go to school for many years to become biochemists if they could make as much money and gain as much respect working as elevator operators? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 38) Which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in significant political, economic, and social inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

39) Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 40) The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of A) criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. B) self-assessment. C) assessments by friends and colleagues. D) the neighborhoods in which they reside. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Prestige refers to the A) reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. B) ability to exercise one's will over others. C) respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. D) people who have similar levels of wealth and income. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

42) Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation? A) power B) prestige C) esteem D) status Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 43) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as A) socioeconomic status. B) political status. C) demographic characteristics. D) socio status. Answer: A Topic: Social class; Gender; Education Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

45) ________ is often blamed for this growing inequality, because it has forced less skilled workers to complete with lower-paid foreign-born workers. A) Industrialization B) Vertical mobility C) Social mobility D) Globalization Answer: D Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 46) Which of these factors affects whether a person becomes poor? A) age B) education C) IQ D) mental health Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 47) The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that A) poverty is absolute. B) poverty is relative. C) being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries. D) Americans are ethnocentric. Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

48) Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty? A) A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the streets for money and food. B) A dual-career couple lives in a suburban community and struggles to pay their monthly bills. C) A family owns only two luxury automobiles, although their friends and neighbors own three such vehicles. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 49) The commonly used "poverty line" measure of poverty used by the federal government measures which type of poverty? A) relative poverty B) absolute poverty C) elementary poverty D) dramatic poverty Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole? A) absolute poverty B) elementary poverty C) relative poverty D) dramatic poverty Answer: C Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

51) Which sociological perspective suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single mothers are due to the difficulty women have finding affordable child care, to sexual harassment, and to sex discrimination in the labor market? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 52) Which of the following statements is true regarding women living in poverty? A) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are in transition. B) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time. C) The other half tend to be economically independent from friends or the welfare system. D) The death of a husband does not impact a women's poverty status. Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 53) A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter are an example of A) the underclass. B) structural mobility. C) an estate. D) false consciousness. Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

54) The long-term poor who lack training and skills are referred to as A) the unequal. B) the bourgeoise. C) the upper class. D) the underclass. Answer: D Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 55) Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as A) power. B) wealth. C) life chances. D) status. Answer: C Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 56) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

57) Higher loan balances are typically held by A) White and Asian students. B) Middle Eastern and Black students. C) Asian and Latino students. D) Black and Latino students. Answer: D Topic: Education; Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 58) Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position of society's stratification system to another? A) social mobility B) life chances C) relative poverty D) social distribution Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 59) A stratification system that implies that the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status is referred to as a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

60) Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 61) An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and engaging in every game that he can play. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association. This is an example of A) vertical mobility. B) ascribed status. C) horizontal mobility. D) structural mobility. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 62) A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced A) structural mobility. B) horizontal mobility. C) upward intergenerational mobility. D) institutional mobility. Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

63) Which sociologist first made the distinction between vertical and horizontal mobility? A) Ferdinand Tönnies B) Émile Durkheim C) Pitirim Sorokin D) Wilbert Moore Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 64) Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than it did in the past? A) A.A./A.A.S. B) B.A./B.S. C) M.A./M.S. D) Ph.D. Answer: B Topic: Education; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 65) Sociologists have documented that the class system is more rigid for A) Whites. B) African Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) Hispanics. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

66) Wealth is an inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is a caste system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Peasants being required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection are a part of a caste system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) The working class tends to identify with manual workers and their long history of involvement in the labor movement. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) The lower class disproportionately consists of minority groups. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

71) According to Karl Marx, a worker with class consciousness may feel that he or she is being treated fairly by the bourgeoisie, and a worker with false consciousness realizes that all workers are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and have a common stake in revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Max Weber argued that the actions of individuals and groups can be understood solely in economic terms. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) Stratification is universal in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality among members. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) Social scientists have found that inequality only exists in developed societies. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

75) The study of tax policy and its relationship to the stratification system is known as fiscal sociology. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Alice has established her reputation as the best banker in her town. This reputation is also known as prestige. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) The study of stratification is a study of inequality. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Income in the United States is distributed evenly. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) While the salaries of highly skilled workers and professionals have continued to rise, the wages of less skilled workers have increased when controlled for inflation. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

80) A common measure of absolute poverty is the federal government's poverty line, a money income figure that is adjusted annually to reflect the consumption requirements of families based on their size and composition. Answer: TRUE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Feminization of poverty is only evident in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Occupying a higher social class in a society improves your life chances and brings greater access to social rewards. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Wealth, status, and power ensure happiness. Answer: FALSE Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) The child of a laborer may become an artisan or a technician, but he or she is less likely to become a manager or a professional. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

85) Men are more likely than women to withdraw from the workforce when their skills far exceed the jobs offered them. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Interactionist theorists question not only the relatively high levels of executive compensation, but also the process through which executives' pay is determined. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Clauses that protect executives who bail of out of failing companies are referred to as "golden parachutes." Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Describe the differences between ascribed status and achieved status. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Explain the reasons why the working class is declining in size. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

90) Explain class warfare. Provide an example. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) Discuss Karl Marx's view on class differentiation. Define the terms bourgeoisie and proletariat. Describe what Marx termed a false consciousness, and give an example to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Describe how Lenski's view of stratification can represent a synthesis of the conflict and functionalist views of stratification and poverty. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict views of social stratification. Give examples of each view to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Explain how social class is measured. What measures are generally used? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

95) Explain income and wealth inequality in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Describe the various issues surrounding the definition of poverty. Define the difference between absolute and relative poverty. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) Explain poverty. Who are the poor? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 98) How are life chances linked to stratification? Explain your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Analyze the impact of ascriptive characteristics such as race, education, and gender in the occupational structure of our society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender; Education; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

100) Discuss compensation in the private sector via the sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 08 Stratification and Social Mobility in the United States 1) A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called A) socialization. B) status. C) social structure. D) social inequality. 2) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? A) social mobility B) stratification C) hypergamy D) status 3) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. B) assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique characteristics or talents. C) based solely on income and wealth. D) based solely on lifestyle. 4) An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ________ status. A) ascribed B) achieved C) horizontal D) structural 5) A system of enforced servitude in which people are legally owned by others is known as A) feudalism. B) slavery. C) communism. D) a caste system. 6) Which of the following statements about slavery is true? A) It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality. B) The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the U.S. and in ancient Greece. C) Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece. D) Slavery in the U.S. was considered an achieved status.

7) Which of the following terms refers to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated? A) tenures B) slavery C) castes D) feudalism 8) Some sociologists have suggested that in the southern U.S. in the pre-civil rights era, an African American individual was born into a status that would always be subordinate to the status of all of the White members of the community. This is an example of a(n) A) estate system. B) class system. C) caste system. D) feudal system. 9) A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as a(n) A) estate system. B) slavery system. C) caste system. D) peonage system. 10) A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on A) age. B) caste. C) economic position. D) religious and ethnic background. 11) Which of the following types of stratification systems required peasants to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery 12) A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented, and as an adult she becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery

13) In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? A) lower class B) lower-middle class C) working class D) upper class 14) A single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered A) upper class. B) middle class. C) lower-middle class. D) working class. 15) Less affluent professionals, such as elementary school teachers, are included in which of the following social classes? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class 16) Which of the following factors have contributed to the shrinking size of the middle class? A) increasing opportunities for those with little education B) independence of the temporary workforce C) global competition and rapid advances in technology D) the decline of new growth industries and nonunion workplaces 17) Which of the following social classes is declining in size? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class 18) Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on A) class differentiation. B) achieved status. C) the Protestant work ethic. D) religious factors. 19) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. B) all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit. D) the means of production are largely in public sector hands and are collectively owned.

20) Susan owns and profits from her own business. She is a part of a capitalist class, which is also referred to as a A) bourgeoisie. B) proletariat. C) peasant. D) oligarch. 21) Karl Marx used the term proletariat to refer to the A) capitalist class. B) owners of the means of production. C) working class. D) middle class. 22) In Karl Marx's view, social relations during any period of history depend on who controls the A) mass media. B) primary mode of economic production. C) legislature. D) most powerful religious organizations. 23) Karl Marx used the concept of class consciousness to refer to A) an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect its objective position. B) the reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. C) a subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change. D) the respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. 24) Which of the following terms did Karl Marx use to refer to an attitude held by members of a class that does not accurately reflect the class's objective position? A) false consciousness B) bourgeoisie consciousness C) class consciousness D) proletariat consciousness 25) In Karl Marx's view, a worker who identifies with the wealthy and believes that she can achieve great wealth through hard work is likely to have developed a A) bourgeoisie consciousness. B) class consciousness. C) false consciousness. D) caste consciousness. 26) Max Weber uses the term class to refer to people who share a similar level of A) culture. B) wealth and income. C) power. D) esteem.

27) One shortcoming of Karl Marx's work is that he failed to anticipate the A) end of feudalism. B) extent to which political liberties and relative prosperity could contribute to a false consciousness. C) effects of alienated labor on the working class. D) conflict between various capitalist nations. 28) Which of the following did Max Weber suggest were analytically distinct components of stratification? A) class, caste, and power B) class, status, and power C) class, caste, and age D) class, prestige, and esteem 29) Status group refers to A) people who share a similar level of wealth and income. B) people who share the same prestige or lifestyle, independent of their class position. C) members of a class who have a subjective awareness regarding their common vested interests and need for collective political action to bring about social change. D) a feudal class. 30) Max Weber defined ________ as the ability to exercise one's will over others. A) control B) status C) class D) power 31) Every evening at a neighborhood bar, the clientele—which consists of construction workers, police officers, plumbers, and factory workers—watches sports events on the big screen television set and play pool. The people who hang out in this bar are an example of a A) status group. B) power group. C) class. D) caste. 32) The owner of a major league baseball team can fire employees for not winning a pennant, have the city build him a new ballpark, and prevent organizations that compete against his own team from airing advertisements during the team's televised games. In Max Weber's view, this owner would most likely be considered as having A) power. B) class. C) esteem. D) status.

33) Thorstein Veblen suggested persons at the top of the social hierarchy convert wealth into conspicuous consumption, while the behavior of the lower classes is often subjected to ridicule. Veblen's views are from the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. 34) In Max Weber's view, A) people hold three distinct ranks in society. B) our position in a stratification system reflects some combination of class, stigma, and power. C) our rank in society is determined by four separate variables. D) all people fall under the same social class. 35) What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner? A) consumption flow B) inconspicuous ridicule C) conspicuous leisure D) consumptive frivolity 36) Purchasing goods not to survive, but to flaunt one's superior wealth and social standing is known as A) presumptive consumption. B) inconspicuous ridicule. C) conspicuous consumption. D) consumptive frivolity. 37) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that most talented people would not go to school for many years to become biochemists if they could make as much money and gain as much respect working as elevator operators? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 38) Which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in significant political, economic, and social inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

39) Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 40) The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of A) criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. B) self-assessment. C) assessments by friends and colleagues. D) the neighborhoods in which they reside. 41) Prestige refers to the A) reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. B) ability to exercise one's will over others. C) respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. D) people who have similar levels of wealth and income. 42) Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation? A) power B) prestige C) esteem D) status 43) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 44) A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as A) socioeconomic status. B) political status. C) demographic characteristics. D) socio status. 45) ________ is often blamed for this growing inequality, because it has forced less skilled workers to complete with lower-paid foreign-born workers. A) Industrialization B) Vertical mobility C) Social mobility D) Globalization 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

46) Which of these factors affects whether a person becomes poor? A) age B) education C) IQ D) mental health 47) The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that A) poverty is absolute. B) poverty is relative. C) being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries. D) Americans are ethnocentric. 48) Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty? A) A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the streets for money and food. B) A dual-career couple lives in a suburban community and struggles to pay their monthly bills. C) A family owns only two luxury automobiles, although their friends and neighbors own three such vehicles. D) None of these answers is correct. 49) The commonly used "poverty line" measure of poverty used by the federal government measures which type of poverty? A) relative poverty B) absolute poverty C) elementary poverty D) dramatic poverty 50) Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole? A) absolute poverty B) elementary poverty C) relative poverty D) dramatic poverty 51) Which sociological perspective suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single mothers are due to the difficulty women have finding affordable child care, to sexual harassment, and to sex discrimination in the labor market? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

52) Which of the following statements is true regarding women living in poverty? A) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are in transition. B) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time. C) The other half tend to be economically independent from friends or the welfare system. D) The death of a husband does not impact a women's poverty status. 53) A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter are an example of A) the underclass. B) structural mobility. C) an estate. D) false consciousness. 54) The long-term poor who lack training and skills are referred to as A) the unequal. B) the bourgeoise. C) the upper class. D) the underclass. 55) Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as A) power. B) wealth. C) life chances. D) status. 56) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 57) Higher loan balances are typically held by A) White and Asian students. B) Middle Eastern and Black students. C) Asian and Latino students. D) Black and Latino students.

58) Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position of society's stratification system to another? A) social mobility B) life chances C) relative poverty D) social distribution 59) A stratification system that implies that the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status is referred to as a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. 60) Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. 61) An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and engaging in every game that he can play. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association. This is an example of A) vertical mobility. B) ascribed status. C) horizontal mobility. D) structural mobility. 62) A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced A) structural mobility. B) horizontal mobility. C) upward intergenerational mobility. D) institutional mobility. 63) Which sociologist first made the distinction between vertical and horizontal mobility? A) Ferdinand Tönnies B) Émile Durkheim C) Pitirim Sorokin D) Wilbert Moore

64) Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than it did in the past? A) A.A./A.A.S. B) B.A./B.S. C) M.A./M.S. D) Ph.D. 65) Sociologists have documented that the class system is more rigid for A) Whites. B) African Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) Hispanics. 66) Wealth is an inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets. 67) The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is a caste system. 68) Peasants being required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection are a part of a caste system. 69) The working class tends to identify with manual workers and their long history of involvement in the labor movement. 70) The lower class disproportionately consists of minority groups. 71) According to Karl Marx, a worker with class consciousness may feel that he or she is being treated fairly by the bourgeoisie, and a worker with false consciousness realizes that all workers are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and have a common stake in revolution. 72) Max Weber argued that the actions of individuals and groups can be understood solely in economic terms. 73) Stratification is universal in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality among members. 74) Social scientists have found that inequality only exists in developed societies. 75) The study of tax policy and its relationship to the stratification system is known as fiscal sociology. 76) Alice has established her reputation as the best banker in her town. This reputation is also known as prestige. 77) The study of stratification is a study of inequality. 78) Income in the United States is distributed evenly. 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

79) While the salaries of highly skilled workers and professionals have continued to rise, the wages of less skilled workers have increased when controlled for inflation. 80) A common measure of absolute poverty is the federal government's poverty line, a money income figure that is adjusted annually to reflect the consumption requirements of families based on their size and composition. 81) Feminization of poverty is only evident in the United States. 82) Occupying a higher social class in a society improves your life chances and brings greater access to social rewards. 83) Wealth, status, and power ensure happiness. 84) The child of a laborer may become an artisan or a technician, but he or she is less likely to become a manager or a professional. 85) Men are more likely than women to withdraw from the workforce when their skills far exceed the jobs offered them. 86) Interactionist theorists question not only the relatively high levels of executive compensation, but also the process through which executives' pay is determined. 87) Clauses that protect executives who bail of out of failing companies are referred to as "golden parachutes." 88) Describe the differences between ascribed status and achieved status. Give examples to support your answer. 89) Explain the reasons why the working class is declining in size. 90) Explain class warfare. Provide an example. 91) Discuss Karl Marx's view on class differentiation. Define the terms bourgeoisie and proletariat. Describe what Marx termed a false consciousness, and give an example to support your answer. 92) Describe how Lenski's view of stratification can represent a synthesis of the conflict and functionalist views of stratification and poverty. 93) Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict views of social stratification. Give examples of each view to support your answer. 94) Explain how social class is measured. What measures are generally used? 95) Explain income and wealth inequality in the United States. 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

96) Describe the various issues surrounding the definition of poverty. Define the difference between absolute and relative poverty. 97) Explain poverty. Who are the poor? 98) How are life chances linked to stratification? Explain your answer. 99) Analyze the impact of ascriptive characteristics such as race, education, and gender in the occupational structure of our society. 100) Discuss compensation in the private sector via the sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 09 Global Inequality 1) The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as A) coping mechanisms. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) therapy. Answer: A Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by A) the Spanish-American War. B) the Great Depression. C) World War II. D) the Industrial Revolution. Answer: D Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? A) the advent of multinational corporations B) global inequality C) the legacy of capitalism D) industrialization Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) Colonialism is defined as A) the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period. B) an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. C) the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. D) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. Answer: A Topic: Colonialism Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Neocolonialism is defined as the A) maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time, such as French control over major parts of northern Africa. B) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. C) invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the U.S. or Russia since 1965. D) approach by which industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. Answer: B Topic: Colonialism Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

6) World systems analysis is A) Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India. B) Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another. C) Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability. D) Immanuel Wallerstein's view that nations exist in an interdependent global economy resting on unequal economic and political relationships. Answer: D Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 7) In Immanuel Wallerstein's view, the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken. This view is referred to as A) neocolonialism. B) colonialism. C) world systems analysis. D) the world exploitation model. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that A) controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations. B) has a marginal economic status. C) is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) is considered a third-world nation. Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

9) Which of the following is an example of a core nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Egypt D) Ireland Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 10) According to world systems analysis, a nation that has a marginal economic status would be referred to as a nation at the A) periphery. B) core. C) semiperiphery. D) superperiphery. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Which of the following is an example of a semiperiphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Bolivia D) the United States Answer: B Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

12) According to world systems analysis, poor and developing nations are A) at the core. B) on the periphery. C) on the semiperiphery. D) on the marginality. Answer: B Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 13) According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that A) along with its multinational corporations dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically, such as the U.S. and Germany. B) has a marginal economic status, such as Israel and South Korea. C) is a poor, developing nation, such as Haiti or Chad, that is exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) does not quite exert control, but is considered of marginal economic status. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Which of the following is an example of a periphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Egypt D) the United States Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

15) According to world systems analysis, which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control? A) core B) periphery C) semiperiphery D) marginality Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 16) Dependency theory is defined as A) a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations. B) a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. C) an approach contending that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations. D) applying to the interactionist perspective. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) According to Immanuel Wallerstein's analysis, the United States is considered at the ________, whereas neighboring Mexico remains on the semiperiphery of the world economic system. A) core B) periphery C) semiperiphery D) multiperiphery Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

18) The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as A) globalization. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) neo-colonialism. Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 19) In what terms does the developing country of Zambia define poverty? A) whether or not the breadwinner of a family holds consistent work B) the inability to afford specific foods on a subsistence diet C) the ability to pay for schooling for at least one child D) whether or not the breadwinner of a family is unemployed Answer: B Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) According to the text, the global poor can be found in A) sub-Sahara Africa and the West Bank. B) Eastern Europe. C) Japan and the Philippines. D) Latin America and South America. Answer: A Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

21) Developing nations define poverty as A) the total number of people on welfare. B) the average salary wage. C) the number of people in the nation divided by the total income earned. D) the minimum income a person needs to survive. Answer: D Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 22) The Millennium development goals targeted which of the following areas? A) minority crime B) education C) global dominance D) paternal health Answer: B Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as A) international companies. B) multinational corporations. C) megacorps. D) world system enterprises. Answer: B Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

24) Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation? A) a Swiss bank with many international customers but without foreign branches B) a hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland, as well as many products made in the U.S. C) coca-cola, which has bottling plants throughout the world D) a bank that has locations in only the Pacific Northwest Answer: C Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 25) Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true? A) The 10 largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the U.S. B) Foreign sales represent an important source of profit for multinational corporations. C) They are all state-owned—or public as opposed to private—businesses. D) Corporate giants do not play a key role in neocolonialism. Answer: B Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Global inequality; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

27) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Global inequality; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 28) Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries A) have a small pool of cheap labor. B) encourage strong trade unions. C) often create a favorable "climate for investment." D) they protect local workers, rather than exploit them. Answer: C Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Global inequality; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

30) Which of the following sociological perspectives points out that multinationals invest in limited economic sectors and restricted regions of a nation? A) global perspective B) interactionist perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective Answer: C Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 31) Modernization refers to the A) elimination of old housing and its replacement with modern skyscrapers. B) process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. C) colonial domination of Third World nations by Western powers. D) process of development that, at this time, has occurred only in core nations such as England, France, Japan, and the U.S. Answer: B Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) The process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies is called A) world systems analysis. B) developmental theory. C) reconstructionism. D) modernization. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

33) Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban, literate, and industrial, with sophisticated transportation and media systems, and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model? A) Wendell Bell B) Immanuel Wallerstein C) Karl Marx D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 34) Members of societies that undergo modernization must shift their allegiance from traditional authorities to newer authorities, such as A) government officials. B) parents. C) priests. D) peers. Answer: A Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n) ________ bias. A) economic B) class C) ethnocentric D) scientific Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

36) The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as A) dependency. B) regional analysis. C) modernization. D) colonialism. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 37) Current modernization studies generally take a(n) ________ perspective, which focuses on how societies are moving closer together. A) conflict B) interactionist C) dramaturgical D) convergence Answer: D Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 38) Modernization theory—as an explanation of global inequality—falls under which sociological perspective? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

39) Stratification in developing nations is closely related to their weak and dependent position in A) ensuring the health of their citizens. B) providing adequate education. C) the global economy. D) the military size. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 40) Which of the following is considered a pattern revealed by studies of intergenerational mobility in industrialized nations? A) There is a common pattern toward agriculture-based occupations. B) Parental positions tend to have little effect on the social mobility of children. C) Mobility opportunities are strongly influenced by structural factors. D) Intergenerational mobility has been decreasing in most countries. Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility in industrial nations is true? A) Structural factors influence opportunities for social mobility. B) Immigration does not play a significant part in mobility patterns. C) There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas. D) Most women resist mobility. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

42) Cross-cultural studies have suggested which of the following about industrialized and developing nations? A) Spain has an informal economy. B) Intergenerational mobility is increasing in most countries. C) Modernization has benefited Kenya. D) Mobility exists only in nonindustrialized societies. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility; Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 43) In large developing nations, the most socially significant mobility is A) the movement out of poverty. B) the employment of women. C) property ownership. D) proof of a confirmed dowry. Answer: A Topic: Poverty; Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) In Kenya and Tanzania, it is illegal for women to A) own a house. B) walk alone in public. C) socialize with men. D) go to school. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

45) Many aspects of modernization in developing countries, such as migration to urban centers, A) have not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women. B) have increased the vital role of women in food production. C) have strengthened women's ties to relatives. D) have decreased the role of women in all industries. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 46) Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in mobility? A) Women are usually fed more than males. B) Women are denied educational opportunities. C) Women and men are hospitalized for the same types of injuries. D) Women and men have equal employment opportunities. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 47) Through the establishment of the Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for Peace and Development in the Philippines, which of the following have the women volunteers accomplished? A) negotiated thousands of peace pacts among community members B) reduced incidences of infanticide by half C) provided microfinancing for the majority of small farmers D) largely ended incidences of extreme poverty Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy

48) The tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations are referred to as A) corporate welfare. B) business welfare. C) welfare reform. D) reverse welfare. Answer: A Topic: Global inequality; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy 49) The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of A) unemployment. B) corporate welfare. C) welfare reform. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: B Topic: Global inequality; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy 50) Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: C Topic: Poverty; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy

51) Inequality exists only within the United States and other developed countries. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Around the world, inequality is a significant determinant of human behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) According to world systems analysis, the United States, Japan, and Germany are all examples of core nations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Developing nations define poverty based on the minimum income a person needs to survive. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) The purpose of the Millennium Project was to halve extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

56) Many of the Millennium development goals were achieved. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) Living Goods agents walk what poverty workers refer to as the "last mile" to reach remote areas that are inaccessible to conventional aid organizations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 58) Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 59) Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

60) Conflict theorists conclude that, on the whole, multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general, the developing world discourages strong trade unions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62) Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) The term modernization suggests positive change. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

64) According to modernization theory, even though nations develop at uneven rates, the development of peripheral nations will be assisted by innovations transferred from the industrialized world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) The richest 2 percent of adults own more than 50 percent of the world's household wealth. Answer: TRUE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) Immigration continues to be a significant factor in shaping a society's level of intergenerational mobility. Answer: TRUE Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) Women in Kenya and Tanzania are prohibited from driving, walking alone in public, and socializing with men outside their families. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

68) The challenges to girls and women are not limited to any one continent. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) Generally, the poorer the country, the more optimistic people are that their children will grow up to be financially better off than they are themselves. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) Corporate welfare is limited to federal actions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Explain the global divide. What led to global inequality in the world? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) What does it mean to be well off and to be poor? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

73) Discuss the forces that are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism, and describe their impact on social stratification. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Colonialism Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global stratification; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Explain the view of multinational corporations from a functionalist and conflict perspective. How do they differ? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

77) Define and explain modernization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) Discuss how stratification within the United States compares with stratification in other nations. What factors appear to be consistent within all nations? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Explain mobility in developing nations. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Explain why the processes of modernization in developing countries have often had a negative impact on the well-being of women and their levels of social mobility. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 09 Global Inequality 1) The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as A) coping mechanisms. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) therapy. 2) Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by A) the Spanish-American War. B) the Great Depression. C) World War II. D) the Industrial Revolution. 3) Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? A) the advent of multinational corporations B) global inequality C) the legacy of capitalism D) industrialization 4) Colonialism is defined as A) the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period. B) an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. C) the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. D) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. 5) Neocolonialism is defined as the A) maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time, such as French control over major parts of northern Africa. B) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. C) invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the U.S. or Russia since 1965. D) approach by which industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.

6) World systems analysis is A) Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India. B) Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another. C) Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability. D) Immanuel Wallerstein's view that nations exist in an interdependent global economy resting on unequal economic and political relationships. 7) In Immanuel Wallerstein's view, the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken. This view is referred to as A) neocolonialism. B) colonialism. C) world systems analysis. D) the world exploitation model. 8) According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that A) controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations. B) has a marginal economic status. C) is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) is considered a third-world nation. 9) Which of the following is an example of a core nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Egypt D) Ireland 10) According to world systems analysis, a nation that has a marginal economic status would be referred to as a nation at the A) periphery. B) core. C) semiperiphery. D) superperiphery. 11) Which of the following is an example of a semiperiphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Bolivia D) the United States 12) According to world systems analysis, poor and developing nations are A) at the core. B) on the periphery. C) on the semiperiphery. D) on the marginality. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that A) along with its multinational corporations dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically, such as the U.S. and Germany. B) has a marginal economic status, such as Israel and South Korea. C) is a poor, developing nation, such as Haiti or Chad, that is exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) does not quite exert control, but is considered of marginal economic status. 14) Which of the following is an example of a periphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Egypt D) the United States 15) According to world systems analysis, which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control? A) core B) periphery C) semiperiphery D) marginality 16) Dependency theory is defined as A) a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations. B) a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. C) an approach contending that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations. D) applying to the interactionist perspective. 17) According to Immanuel Wallerstein's analysis, the United States is considered at the ________, whereas neighboring Mexico remains on the semiperiphery of the world economic system. A) core B) periphery C) semiperiphery D) multiperiphery 18) The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as A) globalization. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) neo-colonialism.

19) In what terms does the developing country of Zambia define poverty? A) whether or not the breadwinner of a family holds consistent work B) the inability to afford specific foods on a subsistence diet C) the ability to pay for schooling for at least one child D) whether or not the breadwinner of a family is unemployed 20) According to the text, the global poor can be found in A) sub-Sahara Africa and the West Bank. B) Eastern Europe. C) Japan and the Philippines. D) Latin America and South America. 21) Developing nations define poverty as A) the total number of people on welfare. B) the average salary wage. C) the number of people in the nation divided by the total income earned. D) the minimum income a person needs to survive. 22) The Millennium development goals targeted which of the following areas? A) minority crime B) education C) global dominance D) paternal health 23) Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as A) international companies. B) multinational corporations. C) megacorps. D) world system enterprises. 24) Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation? A) a Swiss bank with many international customers but without foreign branches B) a hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland, as well as many products made in the U.S. C) coca-cola, which has bottling plants throughout the world D) a bank that has locations in only the Pacific Northwest 25) Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true? A) The 10 largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the U.S. B) Foreign sales represent an important source of profit for multinational corporations. C) They are all state-owned—or public as opposed to private—businesses. D) Corporate giants do not play a key role in neocolonialism.

26) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 27) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 28) Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries A) have a small pool of cheap labor. B) encourage strong trade unions. C) often create a favorable "climate for investment." D) they protect local workers, rather than exploit them. 29) Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 30) Which of the following sociological perspectives points out that multinationals invest in limited economic sectors and restricted regions of a nation? A) global perspective B) interactionist perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective 31) Modernization refers to the A) elimination of old housing and its replacement with modern skyscrapers. B) process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. C) colonial domination of Third World nations by Western powers. D) process of development that, at this time, has occurred only in core nations such as England, France, Japan, and the U.S.

32) The process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies is called A) world systems analysis. B) developmental theory. C) reconstructionism. D) modernization. 33) Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban, literate, and industrial, with sophisticated transportation and media systems, and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model? A) Wendell Bell B) Immanuel Wallerstein C) Karl Marx D) None of these answers is correct. 34) Members of societies that undergo modernization must shift their allegiance from traditional authorities to newer authorities, such as A) government officials. B) parents. C) priests. D) peers. 35) Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n) ________ bias. A) economic B) class C) ethnocentric D) scientific 36) The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as A) dependency. B) regional analysis. C) modernization. D) colonialism. 37) Current modernization studies generally take a(n) ________ perspective, which focuses on how societies are moving closer together. A) conflict B) interactionist C) dramaturgical D) convergence

38) Modernization theory—as an explanation of global inequality—falls under which sociological perspective? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 39) Stratification in developing nations is closely related to their weak and dependent position in A) ensuring the health of their citizens. B) providing adequate education. C) the global economy. D) the military size. 40) Which of the following is considered a pattern revealed by studies of intergenerational mobility in industrialized nations? A) There is a common pattern toward agriculture-based occupations. B) Parental positions tend to have little effect on the social mobility of children. C) Mobility opportunities are strongly influenced by structural factors. D) Intergenerational mobility has been decreasing in most countries. 41) Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility in industrial nations is true? A) Structural factors influence opportunities for social mobility. B) Immigration does not play a significant part in mobility patterns. C) There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas. D) Most women resist mobility. 42) Cross-cultural studies have suggested which of the following about industrialized and developing nations? A) Spain has an informal economy. B) Intergenerational mobility is increasing in most countries. C) Modernization has benefited Kenya. D) Mobility exists only in nonindustrialized societies. 43) In large developing nations, the most socially significant mobility is A) the movement out of poverty. B) the employment of women. C) property ownership. D) proof of a confirmed dowry. 44) In Kenya and Tanzania, it is illegal for women to A) own a house. B) walk alone in public. C) socialize with men. D) go to school.

45) Many aspects of modernization in developing countries, such as migration to urban centers, A) have not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women. B) have increased the vital role of women in food production. C) have strengthened women's ties to relatives. D) have decreased the role of women in all industries. 46) Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in mobility? A) Women are usually fed more than males. B) Women are denied educational opportunities. C) Women and men are hospitalized for the same types of injuries. D) Women and men have equal employment opportunities. 47) Through the establishment of the Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for Peace and Development in the Philippines, which of the following have the women volunteers accomplished? A) negotiated thousands of peace pacts among community members B) reduced incidences of infanticide by half C) provided microfinancing for the majority of small farmers D) largely ended incidences of extreme poverty 48) The tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations are referred to as A) corporate welfare. B) business welfare. C) welfare reform. D) reverse welfare. 49) The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of A) unemployment. B) corporate welfare. C) welfare reform. D) None of these answers is correct. 50) Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 51) Inequality exists only within the United States and other developed countries. 52) Around the world, inequality is a significant determinant of human behavior. 53) According to world systems analysis, the United States, Japan, and Germany are all examples of core nations. 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

54) Developing nations define poverty based on the minimum income a person needs to survive. 55) The purpose of the Millennium Project was to halve extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015. 56) Many of the Millennium development goals were achieved. 57) Living Goods agents walk what poverty workers refer to as the "last mile" to reach remote areas that are inaccessible to conventional aid organizations. 58) Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world. 59) Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations. 60) Conflict theorists conclude that, on the whole, multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations. 61) A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general, the developing world discourages strong trade unions. 62) Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences. 63) The term modernization suggests positive change. 64) According to modernization theory, even though nations develop at uneven rates, the development of peripheral nations will be assisted by innovations transferred from the industrialized world. 65) The richest 2 percent of adults own more than 50 percent of the world's household wealth. 66) Immigration continues to be a significant factor in shaping a society's level of intergenerational mobility. 67) Women in Kenya and Tanzania are prohibited from driving, walking alone in public, and socializing with men outside their families. 68) The challenges to girls and women are not limited to any one continent. 69) Generally, the poorer the country, the more optimistic people are that their children will grow up to be financially better off than they are themselves. 70) Corporate welfare is limited to federal actions. 71) Explain the global divide. What led to global inequality in the world? 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

72) What does it mean to be well off and to be poor? 73) Discuss the forces that are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations. 74) Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism, and describe their impact on social stratification. Give examples to support your answer. 75) Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views. Give examples to support your answer. 76) Explain the view of multinational corporations from a functionalist and conflict perspective. How do they differ? 77) Define and explain modernization. 78) Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias. 79) Discuss how stratification within the United States compares with stratification in other nations. What factors appear to be consistent within all nations? 80) Explain mobility in developing nations. 81) Explain why the processes of modernization in developing countries have often had a negative impact on the well-being of women and their levels of social mobility.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 10 Racial and Ethnic Inequality 1) What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? A) ethnic group B) racial group C) social group D) reference group Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Asian Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) African Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) An ethnic group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. Answer: B Topic: Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart A) minority groups. B) ethnic groups. C) racial groups. D) polarization groups. Answer: B Topic: Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of A) racial groups. B) ethnic groups. C) polarization groups. D) minority groups. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

7) A minority group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. Answer: C Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) In sociological terms, which of the following is a minority group in the United States? A) women B) Protestants C) whites D) Catholics Answer: A Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) In sociological terms, members of a minority group A) experience unequal treatment. B) are outnumbered by the dominant group. C) speak a different language than the dominant group. D) observe a different religion than the dominant group. Answer: A Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Sociologists have identified five basic properties—unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage—to describe A) minority groups. B) racial groups. C) ethnic groups. D) polarization. Answer: A Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) A process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed,and destroyed is referred to as A) racial selection. B) racial profiling. C) racial bias. D) racial formation. Answer: D Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) In the ________ process, those who have power define groups of people according to a racist social structure. A) racial formation B) racial bias C) racial profiling D) racial selection Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) The one-drop rule was an example of A) racial profiling. B) the issues concerning white privilege. C) the social construction of race. D) redlining. Answer: C Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) William I. Thomas observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them. This observation reflects which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Prejudice; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) A stereotype is a(n) A) factually induced belief about another person. B) unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. C) person or group that one blames irrationally for one's own problems or difficulties. D) belief that one race is superior and that all others are innately inferior. Answer: B Topic: Prejudice Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as A) differential association. B) exploitation. C) a stereotype. D) institutional discrimination. Answer: C Topic: Prejudice; Stereotypes Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) A person proclaims loudly that "all Black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare." This is an example of A) discrimination. B) a stereotype. C) pluralism. D) exploitation theory. Answer: B Topic: Prejudice; Stereotypes Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) Which of the following terms refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people? A) exploitation B) prejudice C) discrimination D) pluralism Answer: B Topic: Prejudice Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________. A) belief; action B) action; belief C) action; action D) belief; belief Answer: A Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Ethnocentrism refers to A) a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. B) the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice. C) the process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. D) the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others. Answer: D Topic: Prejudice Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey. He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter, which includes a large number of family members and mountains of food consumed during a long dinner, is the best way to celebrate this holiday. Joe is illustrating A) prejudice. B) ethnocentrism. C) discrimination. D) pluralism. Answer: B Topic: Prejudice Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

22) Racism is defined as A) a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior. B) the tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes. C) the systematic killing of an entire people or nation. D) the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice. Answer: A Topic: Prejudice; Racism Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Prejudice is to discrimination as A) norm is to value. B) attitude is to behavior. C) behavior is to attitude. D) "good" is to "bad." Answer: B Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons is known as A) stereotyping. B) ethnocentrism. C) discrimination. D) segregation. Answer: C Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo is referred to as A) color-blind racism. B) prejudice. C) discriminatory racism. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Proponents of color-blind racism oppose A) equal treatment for all. B) merit-based college admissions. C) employer-provided health insurance. D) public welfare assistance. Answer: D Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as A) pluralism. B) a glass ceiling. C) institutional discrimination. D) exploitation theory. Answer: B Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) Rights or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit or factor simply because they are White is also known as A) White success. B) White dominance. C) White bias. D) White privilege. Answer: D Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 29) Institutional discrimination is the A) denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society. B) belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities. C) stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions. D) establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups. Answer: A Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet the height requirement.This was an example of A) prejudice. B) scapegoating. C) institutional discrimination. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy. Answer: C Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

31) Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination? A) Your neighbor blames "the Jews" for the financial crisis. B) A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut to receive services in the facility. C) To save money, a city fires all employees hired during the past three years, the same period as an aggressive minority-hiring program. As a result, the majority of those fired are members of various minority groups. D) A prejudiced personnel officer secretly refuses to hire women. Answer: C Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 32) The pattern of discrimination against people who try to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods is known as A) remittance. B) profiling. C) formation. D) redlining. Answer: D Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 33) Law and medical school preferences that are shown to children of wealthy and influential alumni is an example of A) the glass ceiling. B) stereotypes. C) White privilege. D) institutional discrimination. Answer: D Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

34) Restrictive employment-leave policies are an example of A) institutional discrimination. B) White privilege. C) racism. D) prejudice. Answer: A Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) The positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and education opportunities is known as A) remittances. B) pluralism. C) sharing economy. D) affirmative action. Answer: D Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Minorities; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Exploitation theory is a A) Weberian theory that views racial subordination as benefiting society because it creates a supply of cheap labor. B) Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. C) Spencerian theory that views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control. D) Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. Answer: D Topic: Race; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool. This sociologist is most likely drawing upon A) the contact hypothesis. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) exploitation theory. D) labeling theory. Answer: C Topic: Race; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 39) The police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as A) explanative prejudice. B) racial profiling. C) institutionalized stereotyping. D) the contact hypothesis. Answer: B Topic: Race; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

40) Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S. often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate A) the contact hypothesis. B) exploitation theory. C) labeling theory. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy. Answer: B Topic: Race; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 41) Acts of racial profiling are A) always illegal. B) often initiated by law enforcement officers. C) generally opposed by the American public. D) generally opposed by law enforcement officials. Answer: B Topic: Race; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

42) The contact hypothesis A) is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B) states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. C) was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa. D) is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 43) A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would A) be likely to increase stereotypes rather than reduce them. B) be likely to cause both lawyers to become less prejudiced. C) encourage the White lawyer to engage in color-blind racism. D) involve the operation of sexism as well as racism. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 44) A Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. This is an example of A) the self-fulfilling prophecy. B) the contact hypothesis. C) exploitation theory. D) amalgamation. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

45) A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town. The farmer is stationed between two correctional-center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts. As a result of this experience, the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates. This example would be consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 46) John was pulled over by police officers in his hometown without provocation and cause. John determined that it was because he was African American and thus, the officers were racially profiling. This example illustrates which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) functionalist C) conflict D) interactionist Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Racial Profiling Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

47) John and Susan, both of different ethnicities, have been tasked with running a seminar on how to address harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Their cooperative efforts help illustrate which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) conflict C) functionalist D) interactionist Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 48) Expulsion refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 49) Expulsion is illustrated by A) France pushing out over 10,000 ethnic Roma. B) the killing of large numbers of Native Americans by the U.S. government. C) marriages between Whites and Native Americans, producing multiracial children. D) the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

50) The drawing of formal boundaries between groups who are unable to resolve an ethnic or racial conflict is known as A) amalgamation. B) expulsion. C) secession. D) genocide. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 51) Genocide refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 52) Amalgamation refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

53) The belief that the U.S. was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the 20th century, suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce A) pluralism. B) amalgamation. C) segregation. D) assimilation. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 54) In Australia, when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their grandparents' traditional tribal ways, they are practicing the process of A) amalgamation. B) labeling. C) assimilation. D) exploitation. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 55) The ethnicity shared by the majority of Mexicans is the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and indigenous peoples. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) segregation. D) assimilation. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

56) Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the U.S., insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian even when in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) the contact hypothesis. D) assimilation. Answer: D Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 57) Segregation refers to the act of A) deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group. B) physically separating two groups, an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. C) combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage. D) denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 58) Which of the following is an example of segregation? A) Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children B) Interracial marriage C) Confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II D) Drawing formal boundaries in order to separate two different groups of people Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

59) The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as A) institutional discrimination. B) apartheid. C) afrocentricity. D) White power. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 60) Pluralism in the U.S. is considered a(n) A) social norm. B) ideal more than a reality. C) reality more than an ideal. D) common socialized practice. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 61) Jim Crow laws were passed in the Southern states in order to A) enforce official segregation. B) force legal integration. C) allow enslavement of Blacks. D) end segregation. Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

62) Which of the following terms refers to a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions? A) Rainbow Coalition B) Black Power C) civil rights D) Manifest Destiny Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 63) One in ________ Native American teenagers has attempted suicide, a rate four times higher than the rate for other teenagers. A) two B) four C) six D) eight Answer: C Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 64) Which of the following groups makes up the largest percentage of Asian Americans? A) Japanese B) Chinese C) Korean D) Asian Indians Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

65) The largest influx of Vietnamese immigration occurred A) during and after the Spanish-American War. B) during and after World War I. C) during and after World War II. D) during and after the Vietnam War. Answer: D Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 66) June is a Filipino American who has saved up thousands of dollars. She will be sending the funds to her extended family in her home country. This is referred to as A) remittances. B) redlining. C) sharing economy. D) amalgamation. Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 67) Which of the following terms refers to first-generation Japanese immigrants? A) Issei B) Sansei C) Nisei D) Cantonese Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

68) In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II. A) Japanese Americans B) Jewish Americans C) African Americans D) Vietnamese Americans Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 69) Which of the following is considered to be the most unifying force among Arabs? A) culture B) language C) religion D) wealth Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 70) Relative to other Latin American immigrants, Cuban immigrants during the Castro regime A) had higher rates of poverty. B) had higher rates of illiteracy. C) had higher rates of education. D) were more likely to be White. Answer: C Topic: Racial and ethnic populations Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

71) Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.? A) African Americans B) Latinos C) Asian Americans D) Jews Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 72) Anti-Semitism is a form of A) discrimination. B) racial profiling. C) prejudice. D) stereotype. Answer: C Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 73) An emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage is referred to as A) White privilege. B) symbolic ethnicity. C) assimilation. D) ethnocentrism. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

74) Since the change in U.S. immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immigration of relatives of U.S. residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from? A) Asia and Eastern Europe B) Europe and Latin America C) Latin America and South America D) Asia and Latin America Answer: D Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 75) In the future, a growing proportion of the United States will be A) Asian or Hispanic. B) White or Hispanic. C) Arab or Asian. D) White or Asian. Answer: A Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 76) The social definitions of race and ethnicity affect a person's place and status in a stratification system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) The term racial group is used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious cultural distinctions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

78) Membership in a minority (or dominant) group is not voluntary; people are born into the group. Answer: TRUE Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) In the view of sociologists, the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race; Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Race is a social construction. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) The "one-drop rule" referred to Native Americans and stipulated that if a person had even a single drop of "Indian blood,"that person was viewed as Indian. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Color-blind racism ignores White privilege. Answer: TRUE Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

83) Proponents of race neutrality claim they believe that everyone should be treated equally. Answer: TRUE Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) Prejudiced attitudes should always be equated with discriminatory behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) Discriminatory practices continue in part because various individuals and groups actually benefit from racial and ethnic discrimination in terms of money, status, and influence. Answer: TRUE Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) The dominant majority benefits from the subordination of racial minorities. This is considered the emphasis of the conflict perspective. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Racial profiling is an arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

88) The partitioning of India into two separate countries in an attempt to end violent conflict between Hindus and Muslims was considered an expulsion. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) There has been a slight decrease in interracial marriages in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) The culture practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia are quite diverse. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) It is easy to generalize about Asian Indian Americans because they are not as diverse as other Asian population. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Puerto Ricans are considered the largest Latino/a population. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

93) Immigrants from Central and South America are a diverse population that has not been closely studied. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Immigration can be dysfunctional. Answer: TRUE Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Describe the differences in and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups. Give some examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race; Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Explain the five basic properties of minority groups, and provide at least one example of a minority group. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) Explain race as a social construct. What does it mean? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

98) Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination, and give examples to illustrate your definitions. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Explain the principle of race neutrality. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) Define and discuss redlining. How is this process detrimental to minorities? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 101) Explain affirmative action. Do you believe that it is a fair policy, or does it shift the discrimination to another group? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 102) Briefly differentiate the views on racial discrimination from the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

103) Discuss the contact hypothesis. How does it help reduce prejudices amongst individuals? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104) Compare and contrast the concepts of amalgamation, assimilation, segregation, and pluralism, and give examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 105) Discuss the various barriers that can impede the assimilation process for Latinos in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 106) Define refugees and asylees. How have they impacted immigration in the United States? You may provide examples to illustrate your point. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 10 Racial and Ethnic Inequality 1) What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? A) ethnic group B) racial group C) social group D) reference group 2) Asian Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. 3) African Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. 4) An ethnic group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. 5) Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart A) minority groups. B) ethnic groups. C) racial groups. D) polarization groups. 6) German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of A) racial groups. B) ethnic groups. C) polarization groups. D) minority groups.

7) A minority group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. 8) In sociological terms, which of the following is a minority group in the United States? A) women B) Protestants C) whites D) Catholics 9) In sociological terms, members of a minority group A) experience unequal treatment. B) are outnumbered by the dominant group. C) speak a different language than the dominant group. D) observe a different religion than the dominant group. 10) Sociologists have identified five basic properties—unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage—to describe A) minority groups. B) racial groups. C) ethnic groups. D) polarization. 11) A process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed,and destroyed is referred to as A) racial selection. B) racial profiling. C) racial bias. D) racial formation. 12) In the ________ process, those who have power define groups of people according to a racist social structure. A) racial formation B) racial bias C) racial profiling D) racial selection 13) The one-drop rule was an example of A) racial profiling. B) the issues concerning white privilege. C) the social construction of race. D) redlining.

14) William I. Thomas observed that people respond not only to the objective features of a situation or person but also to the social meaning that situation or person has for them. This observation reflects which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 15) A stereotype is a(n) A) factually induced belief about another person. B) unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group. C) person or group that one blames irrationally for one's own problems or difficulties. D) belief that one race is superior and that all others are innately inferior. 16) An unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group is referred to as A) differential association. B) exploitation. C) a stereotype. D) institutional discrimination. 17) A person proclaims loudly that "all Black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare." This is an example of A) discrimination. B) a stereotype. C) pluralism. D) exploitation theory. 18) Which of the following terms refers to a negative attitude toward an entire category of people? A) exploitation B) prejudice C) discrimination D) pluralism 19) Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________. A) belief; action B) action; belief C) action; action D) belief; belief

20) Ethnocentrism refers to A) a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority. B) the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice. C) the process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. D) the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life are superior to all others. 21) Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey. He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter, which includes a large number of family members and mountains of food consumed during a long dinner, is the best way to celebrate this holiday. Joe is illustrating A) prejudice. B) ethnocentrism. C) discrimination. D) pluralism. 22) Racism is defined as A) a belief that one race is supreme and that all others are innately inferior. B) the tendency of people to respond to and act on the basis of stereotypes. C) the systematic killing of an entire people or nation. D) the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice. 23) Prejudice is to discrimination as A) norm is to value. B) attitude is to behavior. C) behavior is to attitude. D) "good" is to "bad." 24) The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons is known as A) stereotyping. B) ethnocentrism. C) discrimination. D) segregation. 25) The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo is referred to as A) color-blind racism. B) prejudice. C) discriminatory racism. D) None of these answers is correct. 26) Proponents of color-blind racism oppose A) equal treatment for all. B) merit-based college admissions. C) employer-provided health insurance. D) public welfare assistance. 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as A) pluralism. B) a glass ceiling. C) institutional discrimination. D) exploitation theory. 28) Rights or immunities granted to people as a particular benefit or factor simply because they are White is also known as A) White success. B) White dominance. C) White bias. D) White privilege. 29) Institutional discrimination is the A) denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society. B) belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities. C) stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions. D) establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups. 30) At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet the height requirement.This was an example of A) prejudice. B) scapegoating. C) institutional discrimination. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy. 31) Which of the following illustrates institutional discrimination? A) Your neighbor blames "the Jews" for the financial crisis. B) A mental institution in New York will not allow residents of Connecticut to receive services in the facility. C) To save money, a city fires all employees hired during the past three years, the same period as an aggressive minority-hiring program. As a result, the majority of those fired are members of various minority groups. D) A prejudiced personnel officer secretly refuses to hire women. 32) The pattern of discrimination against people who try to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods is known as A) remittance. B) profiling. C) formation. D) redlining.

33) Law and medical school preferences that are shown to children of wealthy and influential alumni is an example of A) the glass ceiling. B) stereotypes. C) White privilege. D) institutional discrimination. 34) Restrictive employment-leave policies are an example of A) institutional discrimination. B) White privilege. C) racism. D) prejudice. 35) The positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and education opportunities is known as A) remittances. B) pluralism. C) sharing economy. D) affirmative action. 36) Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 37) Exploitation theory is a A) Weberian theory that views racial subordination as benefiting society because it creates a supply of cheap labor. B) Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. C) Spencerian theory that views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control. D) Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. 38) A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool. This sociologist is most likely drawing upon A) the contact hypothesis. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) exploitation theory. D) labeling theory.

39) The police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as A) explanative prejudice. B) racial profiling. C) institutionalized stereotyping. D) the contact hypothesis. 40) Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S. often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate A) the contact hypothesis. B) exploitation theory. C) labeling theory. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy. 41) Acts of racial profiling are A) always illegal. B) often initiated by law enforcement officers. C) generally opposed by the American public. D) generally opposed by law enforcement officials. 42) The contact hypothesis A) is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B) states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. C) was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa. D) is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. 43) A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would A) be likely to increase stereotypes rather than reduce them. B) be likely to cause both lawyers to become less prejudiced. C) encourage the White lawyer to engage in color-blind racism. D) involve the operation of sexism as well as racism. 44) A Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. This is an example of A) the self-fulfilling prophecy. B) the contact hypothesis. C) exploitation theory. D) amalgamation.

45) A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town. The farmer is stationed between two correctional-center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts. As a result of this experience, the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates. This example would be consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 46) John was pulled over by police officers in his hometown without provocation and cause. John determined that it was because he was African American and thus, the officers were racially profiling. This example illustrates which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) functionalist C) conflict D) interactionist 47) John and Susan, both of different ethnicities, have been tasked with running a seminar on how to address harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Their cooperative efforts help illustrate which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) conflict C) functionalist D) interactionist 48) Expulsion refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 49) Expulsion is illustrated by A) France pushing out over 10,000 ethnic Roma. B) the killing of large numbers of Native Americans by the U.S. government. C) marriages between Whites and Native Americans, producing multiracial children. D) the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans. 50) The drawing of formal boundaries between groups who are unable to resolve an ethnic or racial conflict is known as A) amalgamation. B) expulsion. C) secession. D) genocide.

51) Genocide refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 52) Amalgamation refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 53) The belief that the U.S. was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the 20th century, suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce A) pluralism. B) amalgamation. C) segregation. D) assimilation. 54) In Australia, when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their grandparents' traditional tribal ways, they are practicing the process of A) amalgamation. B) labeling. C) assimilation. D) exploitation. 55) The ethnicity shared by the majority of Mexicans is the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and indigenous peoples. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) segregation. D) assimilation. 56) Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the U.S., insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian even when in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) the contact hypothesis. D) assimilation.

57) Segregation refers to the act of A) deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group. B) physically separating two groups, an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. C) combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage. D) denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. 58) Which of the following is an example of segregation? A) Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children B) Interracial marriage C) Confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II D) Drawing formal boundaries in order to separate two different groups of people 59) The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as A) institutional discrimination. B) apartheid. C) afrocentricity. D) White power. 60) Pluralism in the U.S. is considered a(n) A) social norm. B) ideal more than a reality. C) reality more than an ideal. D) common socialized practice. 61) Jim Crow laws were passed in the Southern states in order to A) enforce official segregation. B) force legal integration. C) allow enslavement of Blacks. D) end segregation. 62) Which of the following terms refers to a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions? A) Rainbow Coalition B) Black Power C) civil rights D) Manifest Destiny 63) One in ________ Native American teenagers has attempted suicide, a rate four times higher than the rate for other teenagers. A) two B) four C) six D) eight 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

64) Which of the following groups makes up the largest percentage of Asian Americans? A) Japanese B) Chinese C) Korean D) Asian Indians 65) The largest influx of Vietnamese immigration occurred A) during and after the Spanish-American War. B) during and after World War I. C) during and after World War II. D) during and after the Vietnam War. 66) June is a Filipino American who has saved up thousands of dollars. She will be sending the funds to her extended family in her home country. This is referred to as A) remittances. B) redlining. C) sharing economy. D) amalgamation. 67) Which of the following terms refers to first-generation Japanese immigrants? A) Issei B) Sansei C) Nisei D) Cantonese 68) In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II. A) Japanese Americans B) Jewish Americans C) African Americans D) Vietnamese Americans 69) Which of the following is considered to be the most unifying force among Arabs? A) culture B) language C) religion D) wealth 70) Relative to other Latin American immigrants, Cuban immigrants during the Castro regime A) had higher rates of poverty. B) had higher rates of illiteracy. C) had higher rates of education. D) were more likely to be White.

71) Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.? A) African Americans B) Latinos C) Asian Americans D) Jews 72) Anti-Semitism is a form of A) discrimination. B) racial profiling. C) prejudice. D) stereotype. 73) An emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage is referred to as A) White privilege. B) symbolic ethnicity. C) assimilation. D) ethnocentrism. 74) Since the change in U.S. immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immigration of relatives of U.S. residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from? A) Asia and Eastern Europe B) Europe and Latin America C) Latin America and South America D) Asia and Latin America 75) In the future, a growing proportion of the United States will be A) Asian or Hispanic. B) White or Hispanic. C) Arab or Asian. D) White or Asian. 76) The social definitions of race and ethnicity affect a person's place and status in a stratification system. 77) The term racial group is used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious cultural distinctions. 78) Membership in a minority (or dominant) group is not voluntary; people are born into the group. 79) In the view of sociologists, the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut. 80) Race is a social construction.

81) The "one-drop rule" referred to Native Americans and stipulated that if a person had even a single drop of "Indian blood,"that person was viewed as Indian. 82) Color-blind racism ignores White privilege. 83) Proponents of race neutrality claim they believe that everyone should be treated equally. 84) Prejudiced attitudes should always be equated with discriminatory behavior. 85) Discriminatory practices continue in part because various individuals and groups actually benefit from racial and ethnic discrimination in terms of money, status, and influence. 86) The dominant majority benefits from the subordination of racial minorities. This is considered the emphasis of the conflict perspective. 87) Racial profiling is an arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. 88) The partitioning of India into two separate countries in an attempt to end violent conflict between Hindus and Muslims was considered an expulsion. 89) There has been a slight decrease in interracial marriages in the United States. 90) The culture practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia are quite diverse. 91) It is easy to generalize about Asian Indian Americans because they are not as diverse as other Asian population. 92) Puerto Ricans are considered the largest Latino/a population. 93) Immigrants from Central and South America are a diverse population that has not been closely studied. 94) Immigration can be dysfunctional. 95) Describe the differences in and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups. Give some examples to illustrate your answer. 96) Explain the five basic properties of minority groups, and provide at least one example of a minority group. 97) Explain race as a social construct. What does it mean? 98) Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination, and give examples to illustrate your definitions. 99) Explain the principle of race neutrality. 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

100) Define and discuss redlining. How is this process detrimental to minorities? 101) Explain affirmative action. Do you believe that it is a fair policy, or does it shift the discrimination to another group? 102) Briefly differentiate the views on racial discrimination from the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. 103) Discuss the contact hypothesis. How does it help reduce prejudices amongst individuals? 104) Compare and contrast the concepts of amalgamation, assimilation, segregation, and pluralism, and give examples to illustrate your answer. 105) Discuss the various barriers that can impede the assimilation process for Latinos in the United States. 106) Define refugees and asylees. How have they impacted immigration in the United States? You may provide examples to illustrate your point.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 11 Stratification by Gender and Sexuality 1) Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? A) expressiveness B) gender roles C) gender schema D) instrumentality Answer: B Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Assuming that flying a commercial place is a man's job and that parental duties are a woman's job is an example of the A) social construction of gender. B) social construction of sexuality. C) social construction of expressiveness. D) social construction of genetic traits. Answer: A Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called A) homophobia. B) gay fright. C) Ebonics. D) heterophobia. Answer: A Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) A man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role? A) playing football B) getting into a fight C) joining a knitting circle D) spitting Answer: C Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) A woman doing which of the following would be a violation of the female gender role? A) wearing acrylic nails B) crying in public C) talking knowledgeably about cars D) babysitting Answer: C Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Research on children's books published in the U.S. in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s found that A) females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations. B) female characters were portrayed as passive and in need of strong males. C) females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males. D) female characters were portrayed as aggressive and on the same level as strong males. Answer: B Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following sociological perspectives refers to the obstacles to women's advancement in the Army as a brass ceiling? A) interactionist B) conflict C) global D) functionalist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Government Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 8) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a woman in the military because of her official exclusion from combat is known as a A) glass ceiling. B) brass ceiling. C) gold ceiling. D) camouflage ceiling. Answer: B Topic: Government Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which of the following sociological perspectives finds that women feel empowered by the experience of combat? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Government Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

10) The expectation that women will be emotionally supportive is an example of A) a genetic trait. B) a gender role. C) homophobia. D) sexuality. Answer: B Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Functionalists view gender roles in which of the following ways? A) Gender roles assist in keeping women oppressed within the family structure. B) Gender roles have a bias toward male power. C) Gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance. D) Gender roles are not necessary. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 12) Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to an emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and other social institutions? A) identification B) instrumentality C) expressiveness D) identity Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to concern for the maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family? A) expressiveness B) identification C) instrumentality D) identity Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) According to Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales, the expressive role is performed by A) men. B) women. C) children. D) whichever adult has a career. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Although it does not explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

16) Which perspective suggests that men may originally have become powerful in preindustrial times because their size, physical strength, and freedom from childbearing duties allowed them to dominate women physically, but in contemporary societies these considerations are not so important? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 17) Although male dominance in cross-sex conversations is an example of a micro-level analysis, it is also a reflection of macro-level relationships. Which sociological perspective(s) would focus on the macro-level forces that influence these male-female conversations? A) functionalist and conflict perspectives B) conflict and global perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) global and functionalist perspectives Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) Conflict theorists view gender differences as A) a reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group, such as men. B) necessary for the effective accomplishment of family and societal tasks. C) unrelated to the overall exploitation and injustice found in capitalist societies. D) unnecessary in order to accomplish what needs to get done. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) Using an analogy to Marx's analysis of class conflict, conflict theorists would argue that women are in a position comparable to that of the A) bourgeoisie. B) proletariat. C) capitalist. D) upper class. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Some radical feminist theorists view the oppression of women in male-dominated societies as A) retribution. B) inevitable. C) hyperreactive. D) merely a falsity. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Which sociological perspective has influenced the creation of the feminist perspective the most? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Which term refers to the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women? A) web of power B) kitchen prison C) matrix of domination D) gender trap Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Which sociologist coined the term matrix of domination? A) Patricia Hill Collins B) Karl Marx C) bell hooks D) Ida Wells-Barnett Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patterns of male dominance in cross-sex conversations that express themselves in day-to-day exchanges represent one more battleground in the struggle for gender equality as women try to get a word in edgewise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

25) Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity"? A) opening a door for a female B) styling hair C) feeding a baby D) crying in public Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? A) fist fighting in public B) organizing a birthday lunch at work C) not crying when hurt D) carrying lots of heavy items Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 27) How people see themselves, as either male, female, or something else is referred to as A) sexual orientation. B) sexuality. C) gender identity. D) sexual identity. Answer: C Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) The self-awareness of being romantically or sexually attracted to a defined group of people is referred to as A) sexual identity. B) gender identity. C) sexuality. D) gender. Answer: A Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Jaime's current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth. Jaime is considered A) transsexual. B) transgender. C) transvestites. D) bisexual. Answer: B Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as A) sexual harassment. B) sexism. C) sex stratification. D) gender identity. Answer: B Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Which of the following terms refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of a society? A) institutional discrimination B) innovation C) indoctrination D) instrumentality Answer: A Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) A scientific company lays off employees by seniority, retaining those that have been employed the longest. The majority of the female employees had been hired only in the past 10 years and were educated as part of the push to get more females into math and sciences. This situation is an example of A) instrumentality. B) expressiveness. C) institutional discrimination. D) pluralism. Answer: C Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 33) Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is true? A) Women grow half the world's food, but they rarely own land. B) Women constitute one-half of the world's paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs. C) Single-parent households headed by women are typically found only in industrialized countries because such arrangements cannot survive in developing countries. D) According to a detailed overview of the status of the world's women, issued by the World Bank in 2015, existing gender strategy does not need to be changed. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) According to Muslim traditions, A) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families. B) a woman's feet must always be covered. C) there are no restrictions on men's clothing. D) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families, but a woman's feet must always be covered. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) The hijab is a A) type of head scarf worn by some Muslim women. B) form of prayer among Muslims. C) type of pants worn by some Muslim men. D) traditional Muslim food preparation. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 36) The veil may be seen as a rejection of ________ prevalent in Western societies. A) strict standards of modesty B) the beauty myth C) human rights standards D) the respect for women Answer: B Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is called A) expressiveness. B) a gender role. C) the glass ceiling. D) instrumentality. Answer: C Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns. A) 95 cents B) 90 cents C) 85 cents D) 83 cents Answer: D Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 39) Male nurses, male grade school teachers, and male librarians may experience some scorn in the larger society. Within the workplace itself, they A) are often similarly scorned. B) typically earn the same as women. C) are typically perceived as token representatives. D) often rise to become supervisors. Answer: D Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations? A) glass ceiling B) glass escalator C) crystal stairs D) transparent ascension Answer: B Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) The double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—is referred to as A) second employment. B) double duty. C) the second shift. D) working double time. Answer: C Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain second shift in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 42) Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"? A) A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner. B) A man has a career as an accountant; and when he gets home, he cleans his apartment and makes dinner for himself. C) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her family. D) A women who has a career, but also hires help for the home. Answer: C Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain second shift in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

43) Which of the following is an occupation where women are overrepresented? A) chefs B) dentists C) event planners D) police officers Answer: C Topic: Labor force; Work Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 44) Which of the following is an occupation where women are underrepresented? A) tellers B) dental assistants C) librarians D) postal service mail carriers Answer: C Topic: Labor force; Work Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 45) Which of the following statements about the feminist movement is true? A) there was no feminist movement in the U.S. until the 1980s. B) the second wave of feminism in the U.S. was inspired in part by Millett's Sexual Politics. C) modern feminist theory is based on the interactionist perspective. D) friedrich Engels argued that the rise of industrialization benefited women. Answer: B Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as A) social equality. B) glass escalator. C) feminism. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: C Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Remember 47) Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections? A) Tenth Amendment B) Fourteenth Amendment C) Nineteenth Amendment D) Twenty-Second Amendment Answer: C Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 48) Which of the following sociological perspectives would acknowledge that the persistence of gender roles in a given culture may make it more likely for men to take advantage of women sexually? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Work Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

49) Which of the following sociological perspectives notes that sexual harassment remains a vicious behavior and its commonplace use in conversation should not ignore that fact? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Work Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) Which of the following sociological perspectives see sexual harassment as a product of unequal power—men wielding their authority over women, and bosses over employees? A) conflict B) global C) interactionist D) functionalist Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Work Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 51) The overwhelming majority of people begin with a definite sex and quickly receive societal messages about how to behave. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Most people do not display strictly "masculine" or "feminine" qualities all the time. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) We socially construct our behavior so that male-female differences are either created or exaggerated. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Children's books published since the 1970s have shown significant improvement in the representation of females, nearly as many as male characters shown in central roles. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) Homophobia has almost no bearing on gender-role socialization. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Recent research suggests that men who shave their body hair, cry in public, and have pedicures are violating gender norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) Stay-at-home fathers are still considered an unusual phenomenon. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

58) Gender stratification requires not only individual socialization into traditional gender roles within the family, but also the promotion and support of those traditional roles by other social institutions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 59) Terms such as "her" are an example of gender neutral pronouns. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60) A conflict theorist would argue that men's work is uniformly valued, while women's work (whether unpaid labor in the home or wage labor) is devalued. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Gender, race, and social class are the only sources of oppression in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

62) Audit studies are a type of experiment used in the social sciences to create matched cases and test for discrimination. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) Women in the United States remain noticeably underrepresented in politics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) The major institutions in our society are run equally by both males and females. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) Women everywhere suffer from second-class status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) Unemployed women do double the amount of extra housework as unemployed men. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

67) Women are often more advantaged when working in male occupations because of the existence of the glass ceiling. Answer: FALSE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Taking into account age, education, marital status, children, occupational specialization, work experience, and hours worked in a year reduces the pay gap between men and women by only 3 cents. Answer: TRUE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) Worldwide, women hold about 10 percent of corporate managerial positions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) There is a clear gender gap in the performance of housework, although it has been narrowing. Answer: TRUE Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain the "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) A woman's workday is a lot shorter than a man's. Answer: FALSE Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain the "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

72) Feminism is an ideology that favors equal rights for women. Answer: TRUE Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) White women are more likely than others to call themselves feminists. Answer: FALSE Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) The federal government does not consider sexual harassment a form of discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) The majority of individuals who experience sexual harassment do not report it. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Describe the process involved in the social construction of gender roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

77) Explain how homophobia contributes to gender-role socialization in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Compare and contrast women and men's gender roles and the obstacles that either face if they start adhering to roles that are considered inappropriate. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) Compare and contrast the sociological perspective views on gender. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) Explain the gender spectrum. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

81) Choose two different occupations and write a detailed support for why you wouldn't want either a man or woman performing the related tasks. Remember to be honest with both yourself and your audience. When finished, trade your piece with a classmate and start a dialogue about why you both chose the occupations you did and whether the conversation might get you to reconsider your original statement. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Explain institutional discrimination toward women in politics. You may provide an example to help illustrate the concept. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government; Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Discuss the status of women worldwide. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) Define the concept of a glass ceiling and discuss how it might apply differently to corporations and less-corporate work structures, like that of public education. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

85) Define the term glass escalator, and discuss its significance regarding gender stratification. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Define and explain the second shift. Provide an example to illustrate the concept. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Explain feminism as a collective consciousness. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Discuss sexual harassment and stratification via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 11 Stratification by Gender and Sexuality 1) Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? A) expressiveness B) gender roles C) gender schema D) instrumentality 2) Assuming that flying a commercial place is a man's job and that parental duties are a woman's job is an example of the A) social construction of gender. B) social construction of sexuality. C) social construction of expressiveness. D) social construction of genetic traits. 3) Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called A) homophobia. B) gay fright. C) Ebonics. D) heterophobia. 4) A man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role? A) playing football B) getting into a fight C) joining a knitting circle D) spitting 5) A woman doing which of the following would be a violation of the female gender role? A) wearing acrylic nails B) crying in public C) talking knowledgeably about cars D) babysitting 6) Research on children's books published in the U.S. in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s found that A) females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations. B) female characters were portrayed as passive and in need of strong males. C) females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males. D) female characters were portrayed as aggressive and on the same level as strong males. 7) Which of the following sociological perspectives refers to the obstacles to women's advancement in the Army as a brass ceiling? A) interactionist B) conflict C) global D) functionalist 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a woman in the military because of her official exclusion from combat is known as a A) glass ceiling. B) brass ceiling. C) gold ceiling. D) camouflage ceiling. 9) Which of the following sociological perspectives finds that women feel empowered by the experience of combat? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global 10) The expectation that women will be emotionally supportive is an example of A) a genetic trait. B) a gender role. C) homophobia. D) sexuality. 11) Functionalists view gender roles in which of the following ways? A) Gender roles assist in keeping women oppressed within the family structure. B) Gender roles have a bias toward male power. C) Gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance. D) Gender roles are not necessary. 12) Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to an emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and other social institutions? A) identification B) instrumentality C) expressiveness D) identity 13) Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to concern for the maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family? A) expressiveness B) identification C) instrumentality D) identity 14) According to Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales, the expressive role is performed by A) men. B) women. C) children. D) whichever adult has a career. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) Although it does not explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 16) Which perspective suggests that men may originally have become powerful in preindustrial times because their size, physical strength, and freedom from childbearing duties allowed them to dominate women physically, but in contemporary societies these considerations are not so important? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 17) Although male dominance in cross-sex conversations is an example of a micro-level analysis, it is also a reflection of macro-level relationships. Which sociological perspective(s) would focus on the macro-level forces that influence these male-female conversations? A) functionalist and conflict perspectives B) conflict and global perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) global and functionalist perspectives 18) Conflict theorists view gender differences as A) a reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group, such as men. B) necessary for the effective accomplishment of family and societal tasks. C) unrelated to the overall exploitation and injustice found in capitalist societies. D) unnecessary in order to accomplish what needs to get done. 19) Using an analogy to Marx's analysis of class conflict, conflict theorists would argue that women are in a position comparable to that of the A) bourgeoisie. B) proletariat. C) capitalist. D) upper class. 20) Some radical feminist theorists view the oppression of women in male-dominated societies as A) retribution. B) inevitable. C) hyperreactive. D) merely a falsity.

21) Which sociological perspective has influenced the creation of the feminist perspective the most? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 22) Which term refers to the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women? A) web of power B) kitchen prison C) matrix of domination D) gender trap 23) Which sociologist coined the term matrix of domination? A) Patricia Hill Collins B) Karl Marx C) bell hooks D) Ida Wells-Barnett 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patterns of male dominance in cross-sex conversations that express themselves in day-to-day exchanges represent one more battleground in the struggle for gender equality as women try to get a word in edgewise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 25) Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity"? A) opening a door for a female B) styling hair C) feeding a baby D) crying in public 26) Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? A) fist fighting in public B) organizing a birthday lunch at work C) not crying when hurt D) carrying lots of heavy items 27) How people see themselves, as either male, female, or something else is referred to as A) sexual orientation. B) sexuality. C) gender identity. D) sexual identity.

28) The self-awareness of being romantically or sexually attracted to a defined group of people is referred to as A) sexual identity. B) gender identity. C) sexuality. D) gender. 29) Jaime's current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth. Jaime is considered A) transsexual. B) transgender. C) transvestites. D) bisexual. 30) The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as A) sexual harassment. B) sexism. C) sex stratification. D) gender identity. 31) Which of the following terms refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of a society? A) institutional discrimination B) innovation C) indoctrination D) instrumentality 32) A scientific company lays off employees by seniority, retaining those that have been employed the longest. The majority of the female employees had been hired only in the past 10 years and were educated as part of the push to get more females into math and sciences. This situation is an example of A) instrumentality. B) expressiveness. C) institutional discrimination. D) pluralism. 33) Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is true? A) Women grow half the world's food, but they rarely own land. B) Women constitute one-half of the world's paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs. C) Single-parent households headed by women are typically found only in industrialized countries because such arrangements cannot survive in developing countries. D) According to a detailed overview of the status of the world's women, issued by the World Bank in 2015, existing gender strategy does not need to be changed.

34) According to Muslim traditions, A) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families. B) a woman's feet must always be covered. C) there are no restrictions on men's clothing. D) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families, but a woman's feet must always be covered. 35) The hijab is a A) type of head scarf worn by some Muslim women. B) form of prayer among Muslims. C) type of pants worn by some Muslim men. D) traditional Muslim food preparation. 36) The veil may be seen as a rejection of ________ prevalent in Western societies. A) strict standards of modesty B) the beauty myth C) human rights standards D) the respect for women 37) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is called A) expressiveness. B) a gender role. C) the glass ceiling. D) instrumentality. 38) Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns. A) 95 cents B) 90 cents C) 85 cents D) 83 cents 39) Male nurses, male grade school teachers, and male librarians may experience some scorn in the larger society. Within the workplace itself, they A) are often similarly scorned. B) typically earn the same as women. C) are typically perceived as token representatives. D) often rise to become supervisors. 40) Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations? A) glass ceiling B) glass escalator C) crystal stairs D) transparent ascension

41) The double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—is referred to as A) second employment. B) double duty. C) the second shift. D) working double time. 42) Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"? A) A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner. B) A man has a career as an accountant; and when he gets home, he cleans his apartment and makes dinner for himself. C) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her family. D) A women who has a career, but also hires help for the home. 43) Which of the following is an occupation where women are overrepresented? A) chefs B) dentists C) event planners D) police officers 44) Which of the following is an occupation where women are underrepresented? A) tellers B) dental assistants C) librarians D) postal service mail carriers 45) Which of the following statements about the feminist movement is true? A) there was no feminist movement in the U.S. until the 1980s. B) the second wave of feminism in the U.S. was inspired in part by Millett's Sexual Politics. C) modern feminist theory is based on the interactionist perspective. D) friedrich Engels argued that the rise of industrialization benefited women. 46) The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as A) social equality. B) glass escalator. C) feminism. D) None of these answers is correct. 47) Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections? A) Tenth Amendment B) Fourteenth Amendment C) Nineteenth Amendment D) Twenty-Second Amendment

48) Which of the following sociological perspectives would acknowledge that the persistence of gender roles in a given culture may make it more likely for men to take advantage of women sexually? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global 49) Which of the following sociological perspectives notes that sexual harassment remains a vicious behavior and its commonplace use in conversation should not ignore that fact? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global 50) Which of the following sociological perspectives see sexual harassment as a product of unequal power—men wielding their authority over women, and bosses over employees? A) conflict B) global C) interactionist D) functionalist 51) The overwhelming majority of people begin with a definite sex and quickly receive societal messages about how to behave. 52) Most people do not display strictly "masculine" or "feminine" qualities all the time. 53) We socially construct our behavior so that male-female differences are either created or exaggerated. 54) Children's books published since the 1970s have shown significant improvement in the representation of females, nearly as many as male characters shown in central roles. 55) Homophobia has almost no bearing on gender-role socialization. 56) Recent research suggests that men who shave their body hair, cry in public, and have pedicures are violating gender norms. 57) Stay-at-home fathers are still considered an unusual phenomenon. 58) Gender stratification requires not only individual socialization into traditional gender roles within the family, but also the promotion and support of those traditional roles by other social institutions. 59) Terms such as "her" are an example of gender neutral pronouns.

60) A conflict theorist would argue that men's work is uniformly valued, while women's work (whether unpaid labor in the home or wage labor) is devalued. 61) Gender, race, and social class are the only sources of oppression in the United States. 62) Audit studies are a type of experiment used in the social sciences to create matched cases and test for discrimination. 63) Women in the United States remain noticeably underrepresented in politics. 64) The major institutions in our society are run equally by both males and females. 65) Women everywhere suffer from second-class status. 66) Unemployed women do double the amount of extra housework as unemployed men. 67) Women are often more advantaged when working in male occupations because of the existence of the glass ceiling. 68) Taking into account age, education, marital status, children, occupational specialization, work experience, and hours worked in a year reduces the pay gap between men and women by only 3 cents. 69) Worldwide, women hold about 10 percent of corporate managerial positions. 70) There is a clear gender gap in the performance of housework, although it has been narrowing. 71) A woman's workday is a lot shorter than a man's. 72) Feminism is an ideology that favors equal rights for women. 73) White women are more likely than others to call themselves feminists. 74) The federal government does not consider sexual harassment a form of discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 75) The majority of individuals who experience sexual harassment do not report it. 76) Describe the process involved in the social construction of gender roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. 77) Explain how homophobia contributes to gender-role socialization in the United States. 78) Compare and contrast women and men's gender roles and the obstacles that either face if they start adhering to roles that are considered inappropriate. 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

79) Compare and contrast the sociological perspective views on gender. 80) Explain the gender spectrum. 81) Choose two different occupations and write a detailed support for why you wouldn't want either a man or woman performing the related tasks. Remember to be honest with both yourself and your audience. When finished, trade your piece with a classmate and start a dialogue about why you both chose the occupations you did and whether the conversation might get you to reconsider your original statement. 82) Explain institutional discrimination toward women in politics. You may provide an example to help illustrate the concept. 83) Discuss the status of women worldwide. 84) Define the concept of a glass ceiling and discuss how it might apply differently to corporations and less-corporate work structures, like that of public education. 85) Define the term glass escalator, and discuss its significance regarding gender stratification. 86) Define and explain the second shift. Provide an example to illustrate the concept. 87) Explain feminism as a collective consciousness. 88) Discuss sexual harassment and stratification via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 12 Stratification by Age 1) Which of the following is correct regarding age? A) Age is a socially constructed ascribed status. B) Age is considered an achieved status. C) The status of age is not socially constructed like race or gender. D) Age is neither an achieved nor an ascribed status. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which sociological approach would most likely view old age as a "master status" that has consequences for how the elderly are treated in the United States? A) disengagement theory B) activity theory C) labeling theory D) functionalist perspective Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The elderly exhibit traits of a minority group, including the fact that A) they are indistinguishable from the rest of the population. B) they are unlikely to be married to others of comparable age. C) membership in the group is involuntary. D) there is little solidarity among them as a group. Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) The elderly are categorized as a subordinate or minority group because A) membership in the group is involuntary. B) older U.S. citizens have a strong sense of group solidarity. C) older people experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) In analyzing the elderly as a minority, one crucial difference between older people and other subordinate groups is that A) older people are not the objects of prejudice and discrimination. B) membership is not involuntary. C) if we live long enough, we will all become members of this minority. D) older people do not marry members of their own group. Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Writers commonly refer to people as "young old" when those people are in their A) 50s. B) 60s. C) 70s. D) 80s. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Gerontology is A) rule by the elderly. B) the scientific study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged. C) a religious cult that worships the aged. D) a religion formed in Florida that is practiced exclusively by the aged. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) The functionalist perspective maintains that A) once people are labeled as "old" in the United States, the designation will have a major impact on how they are perceived and how they view themselves. B) elderly people are unfairly regulated by the powerful elements in society. C) elderly people passing social roles on from one generation to another ensure social stability. D) old people have the same need for social interaction as any other group. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 9) Which sociologists were responsible for developing the disengagement theory? A) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross and Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming and William Henry C) Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton D) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

10) Disengagement theory is a A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) theory of the United States' withdrawal from international involvement typically supported by older, more conservative citizens. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) A salesperson in his mid sixties is told by his peers, his family, and his boss that it is about time to retire and reap the fruits of his longtime career and his well-endowed pension fund. He eventually gives in to their persistent pressure. This is consistent with A) conflict theory. B) disengagement theory. C) activity theory. D) labeling theory. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

12) Activity theory is a(an) A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) interactionist theory of aging, arguing that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 13) Marilyn, who has worked as a research scientist for 40 years, voluntarily retires at 64 years of age; however, she is in good health and spends most of her time hiking, doing volunteer work at a local hospital, and dating many of the eligible men in her community. Marilyn's behavior reflects which sociological theory? A) activity theory B) family systems theory C) conflict theory D) disengagement theory Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

14) Activity theory is associated with which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 15) Which sociological perspective notes that among those elderly who decline in their mental capacities, deterioration is most rapid in people who withdraw from social relationships and activities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) disengagement perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 16) Which sociological perspective criticizes both disengagement theory and activity theory for failing to consider the impact of social structure on patterns of aging? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

17) According to which theoretical perspective do social roles remain relatively unchanged as people age? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) According to which theoretical perspective is old age a time when people are victimized and their social roles devalued? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 19) In many developing countries, the traditionally high status of the elderly has been undercut by A) world systems theory. B) gerontology. C) modernization. D) pay equity. Answer: C Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

20) From available statistics, which country is considered "the oldest" compared to the U.S.? A) Sweden B) Japan C) Germany D) Greece Answer: B Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Which psychologist developed a model of adult socialization that includes stages of early adult, midlife, and later adult transitions? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Daniel Levinson D) Robert Atchley Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 22) A midlife crisis is best defined as a period A) of transition experienced by men and women that begins around 50 years of age. B) of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so. C) in which adult children must simultaneously meet the competing needs of their parents and their children. D) of disenchantment that retirees feel as they begin to cope with their new lives. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

23) The sandwich generation occurs when A) people opt for early retirement and are caught between their working and nonworking peers. B) adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children. C) adults realize that their parents have died and that they are now the oldest generation. D) those who are age 65 are not financially able to retire and must continue working or find paid employment. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 25) Jane has two young, active children. She also is the primary caregiver of her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. Answer: A Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

26) Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 27) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "near phase" refers to the A) development of a more realistic view of the retirement process. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 28) Rudy, who has just retired from his longtime job as a corporate executive, is enjoying the freedom that his post-working years afford him, and he is spending a lot of time doing the traveling that he never had the time to do before. According to Robert Atchley, he is in which phase of retirement? A) preretirement B) near C) honeymoon D) termination Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

29) Martha tells the company for which she has been working for the last 25 years that she plans to retire on March 15. According to Robert Atchley's analysis of retirement, Martha is in which phase? A) preretirement B) near C) reorientation D) stability Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 30) Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement? A) disenchantment B) reorientation C) stability D) termination Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 31) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "termination phase" refers to the A) day that the individual leaves his or her occupational position. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

32) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of letdown as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 34) A NORC is a(n) A) police officer who serves the aging population. B) type of nursing home. C) area that has become an informal center for senior citizens. D) planned retirement community for those over age 65. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

35) Which of the following would best fit the definition of a NORC? A) a nursing home set up to resemble an apartment living situation B) a planned retirement village in Florida where only those 65+ can live C) an assisted living facility that offers various stages of assistance D) a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 36) Which sociologist noted that dying people pass through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance on their journey to death? A) Richard Kalish B) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 37) Tom is dying at home, where a home hospice-care worker has visited him frequently, and he has been able to spend meaningful time with his various family members and tell them how important they have been to him. Based on the norms of Western cultures such as those of the United States, Tom is A) in the disenchantment phase of dying. B) in the depression stage of dying. C) having an "appropriate death." D) experiencing denial. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

38) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 39) An "appropriate death" in Western societies entails A) making the experience as positive as possible. B) controlling the quality of a dying person's last days. C) the ideal of a "good death." D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 40) What practice, first introduced in London, England, in the 1960s, was founded on the concept of "death with dignity"? A) hospice care B) euthanasia C) senilicide D) naturally occurring retirement communities Answer: A Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

41) The term oldest old refers to A) people aged 65 and older. B) people aged 65 and older who are in poor health. C) people aged 85 and older. D) people aged 85 and older who are in poor health. Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 42) In old age, by what ratio do women outnumber men? A) 2:1 B) 3:2 C) 5:2 D) They don't; men outnumber women. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 43) About 80 percent of the elderly in the United States are comprised of which of the following groups? A) non-Hispanic Whites B) African Americans C) Asian Americans D) Latinos Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

44) Which of these racial and ethnic groups in the United States has a lower death rate? A) Whites B) Asian Americans C) Hispanics D) African Americans Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) The minority aged population is expected to A) decline in the next 40 years. B) increase in the next 40 years. C) remain constant over the next 40 years. D) increase with baby boomers and then sharply decline. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 46) Which of the following states is the most populated by the elderly? A) California B) Florida C) Arizona D) Texas Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

47) Which of the following statements about wealth and income among elderly persons is accurate? A) There is significant variation in wealth and poverty among the nation's older people. B) Older people as a group are homogeneous and poor. C) When compared to lower-class workers, middle-class workers appear generally to be no better-off as they retire. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 48) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that elderly women experience a double burden regarding income levels, similar to that experienced by elderly members of racial and ethnic minorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Age stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 49) Ageism is defined as A) prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly. B) the reflection of a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. C) domination and control by the elderly. D) the scientific study of aging and the problems of the aged. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

50) Susan, 56 years of age, and her daughter Beverly, 28 years of age, are both secretaries. They both apply for the same job, and although Susan has much more experience, the company hires Beverly because, as one of the company's owners says, "Who wants a wrinkled old lady to work in our office?" This attitude reflects A) senilicide. B) gerontocracy. C) gerontology. D) ageism. Answer: D Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 51) Paid employment after age 65 is A) typical. B) increasingly common. C) becoming less common. D) atypical. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 52) Social Security provides what proportion of income for people in the United States? A) 81 percent B) 59 percent C) 39 percent D) 21 percent Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

53) The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) does which of the following? A) Protects those over 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. B) Protects those over 40 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. C) Protects those under 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with older, cheaper employees. D) Protects those under 18 from being fired due to age. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 54) The emergence of a collective consciousness among the elderly is illustrated by the establishment of the A) United States Congress. B) Roman Catholic church. C) AARP. D) AAA. Answer: C Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 55) The AARP has endorsed A) pension reforms. B) voter registration campaigns. C) nursing home reforms. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

56) SAGE was established in 1977 to address the concerns of A) elderly workers with regard to their workplace rights. B) elderly homosexuals. C) elderly residents with regard to nursing home violations. D) elderly victims of bank fraud. Answer: B Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) Which of the following individuals has led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicides? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross D) Dr. Jack Kevorkian Answer: D Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 58) The "act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy" is called A) active euthanasia. B) euthanasia. C) activity theory. D) gerontology. Answer: B Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

59) Unlike race or gender, age is not socially constructed. Answer: FALSE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60) All societies have some system of age stratification and associate certain social roles with distinct periods in life. Answer: TRUE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Activity theory would imply that older married people have a higher risk of dying than those who live alone. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62) Conflict theorists have suggested that the transition from agricultural economies to industrialization and capitalism has always been beneficial for the elderly. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

64) Anticipatory socialization for retirement is most systematic for White men, since they have most likely participated in a formal retirement preparation program. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) Florida currently has the highest proportion of elderly people in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) The acronym SAGE stands for Seniors Against Gerontological Environments. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) The term euthanasia refers to the killing of children within a society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Conflict theorists are interested in asking questions about the values raised by decisions involving physician-assisted suicides. Answer: TRUE Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

69) Describe the process for the social construction of aged roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) Define disengagement theory and discuss the controversy surrounding its implications. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Identify some of the stages of the life course. How are these stages affected by social factors like class, race, and gender? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Explain the phenomena of the "graying of America." Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) Discuss the lengthening of life expectancy in the United States set against the backdrop of retirement and healthcare. What perspective as a society should we take, and what policies should be drafted in order to accommodate this growing older population? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

74) Describe the effects of ageism in the United States with regard to wealth, competition in the labor force, and the emergence of a collective conscience. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Discuss the controversial topic of physician-assisted suicide and attempt to present the issue from the various sociological perspectives (functionalist, conflict, etc.). Do you think an individual should be given a choice "to die" within a society? Give your reasons. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 12 Stratification by Age 1) Which of the following is correct regarding age? A) Age is a socially constructed ascribed status. B) Age is considered an achieved status. C) The status of age is not socially constructed like race or gender. D) Age is neither an achieved nor an ascribed status. 2) Which sociological approach would most likely view old age as a "master status" that has consequences for how the elderly are treated in the United States? A) disengagement theory B) activity theory C) labeling theory D) functionalist perspective 3) The elderly exhibit traits of a minority group, including the fact that A) they are indistinguishable from the rest of the population. B) they are unlikely to be married to others of comparable age. C) membership in the group is involuntary. D) there is little solidarity among them as a group. 4) The elderly are categorized as a subordinate or minority group because A) membership in the group is involuntary. B) older U.S. citizens have a strong sense of group solidarity. C) older people experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. D) All of these answers are correct. 5) In analyzing the elderly as a minority, one crucial difference between older people and other subordinate groups is that A) older people are not the objects of prejudice and discrimination. B) membership is not involuntary. C) if we live long enough, we will all become members of this minority. D) older people do not marry members of their own group. 6) Writers commonly refer to people as "young old" when those people are in their A) 50s. B) 60s. C) 70s. D) 80s.

7) Gerontology is A) rule by the elderly. B) the scientific study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged. C) a religious cult that worships the aged. D) a religion formed in Florida that is practiced exclusively by the aged. 8) The functionalist perspective maintains that A) once people are labeled as "old" in the United States, the designation will have a major impact on how they are perceived and how they view themselves. B) elderly people are unfairly regulated by the powerful elements in society. C) elderly people passing social roles on from one generation to another ensure social stability. D) old people have the same need for social interaction as any other group. 9) Which sociologists were responsible for developing the disengagement theory? A) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross and Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming and William Henry C) Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton D) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 10) Disengagement theory is a A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) theory of the United States' withdrawal from international involvement typically supported by older, more conservative citizens. 11) A salesperson in his mid sixties is told by his peers, his family, and his boss that it is about time to retire and reap the fruits of his longtime career and his well-endowed pension fund. He eventually gives in to their persistent pressure. This is consistent with A) conflict theory. B) disengagement theory. C) activity theory. D) labeling theory. 12) Activity theory is a(an) A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) interactionist theory of aging, arguing that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) Marilyn, who has worked as a research scientist for 40 years, voluntarily retires at 64 years of age; however, she is in good health and spends most of her time hiking, doing volunteer work at a local hospital, and dating many of the eligible men in her community. Marilyn's behavior reflects which sociological theory? A) activity theory B) family systems theory C) conflict theory D) disengagement theory 14) Activity theory is associated with which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 15) Which sociological perspective notes that among those elderly who decline in their mental capacities, deterioration is most rapid in people who withdraw from social relationships and activities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) disengagement perspective 16) Which sociological perspective criticizes both disengagement theory and activity theory for failing to consider the impact of social structure on patterns of aging? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 17) According to which theoretical perspective do social roles remain relatively unchanged as people age? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 18) According to which theoretical perspective is old age a time when people are victimized and their social roles devalued? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist

19) In many developing countries, the traditionally high status of the elderly has been undercut by A) world systems theory. B) gerontology. C) modernization. D) pay equity. 20) From available statistics, which country is considered "the oldest" compared to the U.S.? A) Sweden B) Japan C) Germany D) Greece 21) Which psychologist developed a model of adult socialization that includes stages of early adult, midlife, and later adult transitions? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Daniel Levinson D) Robert Atchley 22) A midlife crisis is best defined as a period A) of transition experienced by men and women that begins around 50 years of age. B) of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so. C) in which adult children must simultaneously meet the competing needs of their parents and their children. D) of disenchantment that retirees feel as they begin to cope with their new lives. 23) The sandwich generation occurs when A) people opt for early retirement and are caught between their working and nonworking peers. B) adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children. C) adults realize that their parents have died and that they are now the oldest generation. D) those who are age 65 are not financially able to retire and must continue working or find paid employment. 24) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization.

25) Jane has two young, active children. She also is the primary caregiver of her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. 26) Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley 27) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "near phase" refers to the A) development of a more realistic view of the retirement process. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. 28) Rudy, who has just retired from his longtime job as a corporate executive, is enjoying the freedom that his post-working years afford him, and he is spending a lot of time doing the traveling that he never had the time to do before. According to Robert Atchley, he is in which phase of retirement? A) preretirement B) near C) honeymoon D) termination 29) Martha tells the company for which she has been working for the last 25 years that she plans to retire on March 15. According to Robert Atchley's analysis of retirement, Martha is in which phase? A) preretirement B) near C) reorientation D) stability 30) Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement? A) disenchantment B) reorientation C) stability D) termination 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

31) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "termination phase" refers to the A) day that the individual leaves his or her occupational position. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. 32) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase 33) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of letdown as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. 34) A NORC is a(n) A) police officer who serves the aging population. B) type of nursing home. C) area that has become an informal center for senior citizens. D) planned retirement community for those over age 65. 35) Which of the following would best fit the definition of a NORC? A) a nursing home set up to resemble an apartment living situation B) a planned retirement village in Florida where only those 65+ can live C) an assisted living facility that offers various stages of assistance D) a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs 36) Which sociologist noted that dying people pass through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance on their journey to death? A) Richard Kalish B) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley

37) Tom is dying at home, where a home hospice-care worker has visited him frequently, and he has been able to spend meaningful time with his various family members and tell them how important they have been to him. Based on the norms of Western cultures such as those of the United States, Tom is A) in the disenchantment phase of dying. B) in the depression stage of dying. C) having an "appropriate death." D) experiencing denial. 38) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. 39) An "appropriate death" in Western societies entails A) making the experience as positive as possible. B) controlling the quality of a dying person's last days. C) the ideal of a "good death." D) All of these answers are correct. 40) What practice, first introduced in London, England, in the 1960s, was founded on the concept of "death with dignity"? A) hospice care B) euthanasia C) senilicide D) naturally occurring retirement communities 41) The term oldest old refers to A) people aged 65 and older. B) people aged 65 and older who are in poor health. C) people aged 85 and older. D) people aged 85 and older who are in poor health. 42) In old age, by what ratio do women outnumber men? A) 2:1 B) 3:2 C) 5:2 D) They don't; men outnumber women. 43) About 80 percent of the elderly in the United States are comprised of which of the following groups? A) non-Hispanic Whites B) African Americans C) Asian Americans D) Latinos 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

44) Which of these racial and ethnic groups in the United States has a lower death rate? A) Whites B) Asian Americans C) Hispanics D) African Americans 45) The minority aged population is expected to A) decline in the next 40 years. B) increase in the next 40 years. C) remain constant over the next 40 years. D) increase with baby boomers and then sharply decline. 46) Which of the following states is the most populated by the elderly? A) California B) Florida C) Arizona D) Texas 47) Which of the following statements about wealth and income among elderly persons is accurate? A) There is significant variation in wealth and poverty among the nation's older people. B) Older people as a group are homogeneous and poor. C) When compared to lower-class workers, middle-class workers appear generally to be no better-off as they retire. D) All of these answers are correct. 48) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that elderly women experience a double burden regarding income levels, similar to that experienced by elderly members of racial and ethnic minorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 49) Ageism is defined as A) prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly. B) the reflection of a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. C) domination and control by the elderly. D) the scientific study of aging and the problems of the aged.

50) Susan, 56 years of age, and her daughter Beverly, 28 years of age, are both secretaries. They both apply for the same job, and although Susan has much more experience, the company hires Beverly because, as one of the company's owners says, "Who wants a wrinkled old lady to work in our office?" This attitude reflects A) senilicide. B) gerontocracy. C) gerontology. D) ageism. 51) Paid employment after age 65 is A) typical. B) increasingly common. C) becoming less common. D) atypical. 52) Social Security provides what proportion of income for people in the United States? A) 81 percent B) 59 percent C) 39 percent D) 21 percent 53) The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) does which of the following? A) Protects those over 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. B) Protects those over 40 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. C) Protects those under 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with older, cheaper employees. D) Protects those under 18 from being fired due to age. 54) The emergence of a collective consciousness among the elderly is illustrated by the establishment of the A) United States Congress. B) Roman Catholic church. C) AARP. D) AAA. 55) The AARP has endorsed A) pension reforms. B) voter registration campaigns. C) nursing home reforms. D) All of these answers are correct.

56) SAGE was established in 1977 to address the concerns of A) elderly workers with regard to their workplace rights. B) elderly homosexuals. C) elderly residents with regard to nursing home violations. D) elderly victims of bank fraud. 57) Which of the following individuals has led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicides? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross D) Dr. Jack Kevorkian 58) The "act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy" is called A) active euthanasia. B) euthanasia. C) activity theory. D) gerontology. 59) Unlike race or gender, age is not socially constructed. 60) All societies have some system of age stratification and associate certain social roles with distinct periods in life. 61) Activity theory would imply that older married people have a higher risk of dying than those who live alone. 62) Conflict theorists have suggested that the transition from agricultural economies to industrialization and capitalism has always been beneficial for the elderly. 63) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person another. 64) Anticipatory socialization for retirement is most systematic for White men, since they have most likely participated in a formal retirement preparation program. 65) Florida currently has the highest proportion of elderly people in the United States. 66) The acronym SAGE stands for Seniors Against Gerontological Environments. 67) The term euthanasia refers to the killing of children within a society. 68) Conflict theorists are interested in asking questions about the values raised by decisions involving physician-assisted suicides. 69) Describe the process for the social construction of aged roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

70) Define disengagement theory and discuss the controversy surrounding its implications. 71) Identify some of the stages of the life course. How are these stages affected by social factors like class, race, and gender? 72) Explain the phenomena of the "graying of America." 73) Discuss the lengthening of life expectancy in the United States set against the backdrop of retirement and healthcare. What perspective as a society should we take, and what policies should be drafted in order to accommodate this growing older population? 74) Describe the effects of ageism in the United States with regard to wealth, competition in the labor force, and the emergence of a collective conscience. Give examples to support your answer. 75) Discuss the controversial topic of physician-assisted suicide and attempt to present the issue from the various sociological perspectives (functionalist, conflict, etc.). Do you think an individual should be given a choice "to die" within a society? Give your reasons.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 13 The Family and Household Diversity 1) Which of the following best defines a family? A) a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together C) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring D) a group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) A) extended family. B) nuclear family. C) clan. D) polygynous family. Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles— living together in the same household constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Which of the following is considered an extended family? A) a college sorority B) the Arapesh tribe of New Guinea C) Beverly, her husband Bob, and their two children, Barry and Bonnie D) a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home Answer: D Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which A) an individual has only one partner. B) a woman may have several husbands at the same time. C) a man may have several wives at the same time. D) an individual has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one at a time. Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which of the following is an example of monogamy? A) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 months. B) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years. C) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) When a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time, it is called A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) serial polygamy. Answer: C Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) polyandry. Answer: C Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time? A) monogamy B) plurality C) polygyny D) polyandry Answer: C Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is a form of A) monogamy. B) polygyny. C) polyandry. D) group marriage. Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry Answer: D Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) What is the difference between a family and a kin group? A) The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together. B) Kin is a household unit, but a family does not always live together. C) Family units include aunts and uncles, but a kin group does not. D) Kin groups and families are identical. Answer: A Topic: Families; Kinship patterns Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.? A) matrilineal B) patrilineal C) bilateral D) bilineal Answer: C Topic: Kinship patterns Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Patrilineal descent refers to a A) kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important. B) kinship system that favors the relatives of the father. C) pattern of residence in which a married couple lives with the husband's parents. D) society in which men are expected to dominate family decision making. Answer: B Topic: Kinship patterns Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) A kinship system that favors the relatives of the mother is based on A) bilineal descent. B) matrilineal descent. C) trilineal descent. D) patrilineal descent. Answer: B Topic: Kinship patterns Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) In the Oneida community that existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, the community members were all married to one another—that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This is an example of A) serial monogamy. B) polygamy. C) matrilineal descent. D) egalitarianism. Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(n) A) matriarchy. B) patriarchy. C) neolocal society. D) egalitarian society. Answer: B Topic: Authority patterns Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) A matriarchy is a society in which A) women hold greater authority than men. B) women hold no authority at all. C) men hold greater authority than women. D) women and men hold equal amounts of authority. Answer: A Topic: Authority patterns Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) In which type of society do women hold greater authority than men? A) a matriarchy B) a patrilineal society C) a neolocal society D) an egalitarian society Answer: A Topic: Authority patterns Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) In some hunting-and-gathering societies, men are away from home for long periods of time. As a result, it is not unusual to find that the women are fully responsible for the household and for making most of the major family decisions. In these societies, which pattern of authority is evident? A) egalitarian B) matriarchal C) matrilineal D) matricentric Answer: B Topic: Authority patterns Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals? A) neolocal B) bilateral C) egalitarian D) homogamous Answer: C Topic: Authority patterns Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx, noted that A) the family is the ultimate source of social inequality. B) there are six paramount functions of the family. C) 80 percent of the 565 societies he studied had some type of polygamy. D) there are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

25) Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 26) Which sociological perspective supports the view of marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 27) In all cultures, which of the following assumes the ultimate responsibility for the protection and upbringing of children? A) tribes B) communities C) families D) kinships Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) anomie perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 29) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Families; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 30) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

31) Which sociological perspective would argue that the U.S. family contributes to social injustice and denies women opportunities that are commonly extended to men? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 32) Feminists have argued that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 33) Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict and feminist perspectives C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

34) Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 35) The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: C Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of A) hypergamy. B) endogamy. C) homogamy. D) exogamy. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

37) In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group. B) one's own family group. C) one's own sexual group. D) one's own peer group. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 38) Which of the following factors has contributed to the delay in marriage? A) financial security B) educational pursuits C) lack of single individuals D) high standards Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 39) The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

40) The term incest taboo refers to A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors. C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) The incest taboo is an example of A) exogamy. B) homogamy. C) endogamy. D) heterogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 42) In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on A) the incest taboo. B) endogamy. C) exogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

43) The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own is known as A) exogamy. B) incest taboo. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: D Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of A) women in the workforce. B) female-headed households among the poor. C) male-headed households among the poor. D) females in professional-level jobs. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 45) In societies with economic considerations at play, arranged marriages are engineered by A) parents. B) politicians. C) community leaders. D) peers. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) Machismo refers to A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang. B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate. D) pride in the extended family, expressed through close ties. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) Which of the following is an example of machismo? A) Mary drives a pickup truck. B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team. D) Susana opens doors for both men and women. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 48) The term familism refers to pride in the A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence. B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk. C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children. D) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

49) Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of A) machismo. B) familism. C) a domestic partnership. D) homogamy. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 50) As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics. B) take on the positive aspects often associated with White households. C) take on the negative aspects often associated with White households. D) take on both the positive and negative aspects often associated with White households. Answer: D Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 51) The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as A) functions of the family. B) fostering. C) adoption. D) cohabitation. Answer: C Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

52) A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if the aunt and uncle take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) adoption. C) heterogamy. D) endogamy. Answer: B Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 53) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 54) After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) single-parent family. D) co-parental family. Answer: C Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

55) Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true? A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers. B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in singleparent households. C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 56) What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years? A) more liberal laws B) increased stigma of divorce C) economic opportunities for men D) increase in the social acceptance of divorce Answer: D Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) Why is divorce for many same-sex couples currently more complicated than for opposite-sex couples? A) Although same-sex marriage has been legalized, same-sex divorce has not been legalized. B) Most courts refuse to take on same-sex divorce cases. C) Before same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, many same-sex couples traveled outside their home jurisdictions in order to be legally married. D) According to Obergefell v. Jones (2015), same-sex "marriages" legally only qualify as civil unions. Answer: C Topic: Divorce; Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

58) Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) an extended family. C) heterogamy. D) both cohabitation and an extended family. Answer: A Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 59) Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct? A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness. B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically. C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence. D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness. Answer: A Topic: Marriage Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 60) The family as an institution exists in all cultures. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

62) Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example—albeit a rare one—of a social order in which women are more powerful than men. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) Kinship is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological or marital ties. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) The family and kin groups are one and the same. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) In patriarchal societies, the eldest male often wields the greatest power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

67) Matriarchies are very common, especially among Native American societies. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Standards of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) Interactionist theorists emphasize the relationships among family members. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) The most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S. Answer: FALSE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

72) The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) The transition to parenthood is gradual. Answer: FALSE Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 74) Heritage camps immerse children in cultural experiences reflective of their cultural background. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws in the past decades. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

77) Custodial arrangements are always followed by divorced parents. Answer: FALSE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) It will be many years before it is possible to identify the divorce and remarriage patterns of same-sex couples. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 79) Couples who seek divorce usually must either return to the place where they were married and re-establish legal residence or try to work through the still-undefined process in their home state. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S. Answer: FALSE Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) The trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period is related to the growing economic independence of young people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

82) Paid parental leave for mothers and fathers with newborns or newly adopted children is common in all countries, developed or not. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) In the United States, family leave is left to the employee and employer's discretion. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) Compare and contrast the different types of families across cultures. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) Compare and contrast the family from a kinship. Provide examples to help illustrate. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Do you believe that the Oneida community is a family or a kinship? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

87) Discuss the social institution of family from the various sociological perspectives. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Identify and contrast the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) Discuss and contrast the variations of contemporary family styles found within the U.S. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families; Intimate relationships; Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) Explain the increasing trend in dual-income couples. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

92) Identify the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance throughout the twentieth century. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) How common is divorce? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Discuss the issues that gay couples who are looking to divorce may face. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) Discuss why those who remain childless by choice might need the assistance of support networks like those listed in your text. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Discuss family leave policies via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 13 The Family and Household Diversity 1) Which of the following best defines a family? A) a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together C) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring D) a group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together 2) A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. 3) A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) A) extended family. B) nuclear family. C) clan. D) polygynous family. 4) A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles— living together in the same household constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. 5) Which of the following is considered an extended family? A) a college sorority B) the Arapesh tribe of New Guinea C) Beverly, her husband Bob, and their two children, Barry and Bonnie D) a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home 6) Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which A) an individual has only one partner. B) a woman may have several husbands at the same time. C) a man may have several wives at the same time. D) an individual has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one at a time.

7) Which of the following is an example of monogamy? A) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 months. B) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years. C) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment. D) All of these answers are correct. 8) When a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time, it is called A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) serial polygamy. 9) Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) polyandry. 10) What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry 11) Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time? A) monogamy B) plurality C) polygyny D) polyandry 12) In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is a form of A) monogamy. B) polygyny. C) polyandry. D) group marriage. 13) Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) What is the difference between a family and a kin group? A) The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together. B) Kin is a household unit, but a family does not always live together. C) Family units include aunts and uncles, but a kin group does not. D) Kin groups and families are identical. 15) Which pattern of descent is most typical in the U.S.? A) matrilineal B) patrilineal C) bilateral D) bilineal 16) Patrilineal descent refers to a A) kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important. B) kinship system that favors the relatives of the father. C) pattern of residence in which a married couple lives with the husband's parents. D) society in which men are expected to dominate family decision making. 17) A kinship system that favors the relatives of the mother is based on A) bilineal descent. B) matrilineal descent. C) trilineal descent. D) patrilineal descent. 18) In the Oneida community that existed in New York State from 1840 to 1880, the community members were all married to one another—that is, all the men in the community were married to all the women, and all the women were married to all the men. This is an example of A) serial monogamy. B) polygamy. C) matrilineal descent. D) egalitarianism. 19) Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a(n) A) matriarchy. B) patriarchy. C) neolocal society. D) egalitarian society. 20) A matriarchy is a society in which A) women hold greater authority than men. B) women hold no authority at all. C) men hold greater authority than women. D) women and men hold equal amounts of authority.

21) In which type of society do women hold greater authority than men? A) a matriarchy B) a patrilineal society C) a neolocal society D) an egalitarian society 22) In some hunting-and-gathering societies, men are away from home for long periods of time. As a result, it is not unusual to find that the women are fully responsible for the household and for making most of the major family decisions. In these societies, which pattern of authority is evident? A) egalitarian B) matriarchal C) matrilineal D) matricentric 23) In which type of authority pattern are the adult members of the family regarded as equals? A) neolocal B) bilateral C) egalitarian D) homogamous 24) Friedrich Engels, a colleague of Karl Marx, noted that A) the family is the ultimate source of social inequality. B) there are six paramount functions of the family. C) 80 percent of the 565 societies he studied had some type of polygamy. D) there are six stations of divorce, but the most important is the economic station. 25) Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs of its members and contributes to the stability of society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 26) Which sociological perspective supports the view of marriage as a social institution closely tied to human reproduction? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 27) In all cultures, which of the following assumes the ultimate responsibility for the protection and upbringing of children? A) tribes B) communities C) families D) kinships 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

28) Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) anomie perspective 29) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 30) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective 31) Which sociological perspective would argue that the U.S. family contributes to social injustice and denies women opportunities that are commonly extended to men? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 32) Feminists have argued that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 33) Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict and feminist perspectives C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

34) Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 35) The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 36) Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of A) hypergamy. B) endogamy. C) homogamy. D) exogamy. 37) In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group. B) one's own family group. C) one's own sexual group. D) one's own peer group. 38) Which of the following factors has contributed to the delay in marriage? A) financial security B) educational pursuits C) lack of single individuals D) high standards 39) The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 40) The term incest taboo refers to A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors. C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates.

41) The incest taboo is an example of A) exogamy. B) homogamy. C) endogamy. D) heterogamy. 42) In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on A) the incest taboo. B) endogamy. C) exogamy. D) homogamy. 43) The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own is known as A) exogamy. B) incest taboo. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 44) The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of A) women in the workforce. B) female-headed households among the poor. C) male-headed households among the poor. D) females in professional-level jobs. 45) In societies with economic considerations at play, arranged marriages are engineered by A) parents. B) politicians. C) community leaders. D) peers. 46) Machismo refers to A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang. B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate. D) pride in the extended family, expressed through close ties. 47) Which of the following is an example of machismo? A) Mary drives a pickup truck. B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team. D) Susana opens doors for both men and women.

48) The term familism refers to pride in the A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence. B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk. C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children. D) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family. 49) Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of A) machismo. B) familism. C) a domestic partnership. D) homogamy. 50) As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics. B) take on the positive aspects often associated with White households. C) take on the negative aspects often associated with White households. D) take on both the positive and negative aspects often associated with White households. 51) The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as A) functions of the family. B) fostering. C) adoption. D) cohabitation. 52) A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if the aunt and uncle take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) adoption. C) heterogamy. D) endogamy. 53) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

54) After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) single-parent family. D) co-parental family. 55) Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true? A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers. B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in singleparent households. C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent. D) All of these answers are correct. 56) What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years? A) more liberal laws B) increased stigma of divorce C) economic opportunities for men D) increase in the social acceptance of divorce 57) Why is divorce for many same-sex couples currently more complicated than for opposite-sex couples? A) Although same-sex marriage has been legalized, same-sex divorce has not been legalized. B) Most courts refuse to take on same-sex divorce cases. C) Before same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, many same-sex couples traveled outside their home jurisdictions in order to be legally married. D) According to Obergefell v. Jones (2015), same-sex "marriages" legally only qualify as civil unions. 58) Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) an extended family. C) heterogamy. D) both cohabitation and an extended family. 59) Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct? A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness. B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically. C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence. D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness. 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

60) The family as an institution exists in all cultures. 61) Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy. 62) Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men. 63) Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example—albeit a rare one—of a social order in which women are more powerful than men. 64) Kinship is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological or marital ties. 65) The family and kin groups are one and the same. 66) In patriarchal societies, the eldest male often wields the greatest power. 67) Matriarchies are very common, especially among Native American societies. 68) Standards of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle. 69) Interactionist theorists emphasize the relationships among family members. 70) The most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage. 71) Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S. 72) The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy. 73) The transition to parenthood is gradual. 74) Heritage camps immerse children in cultural experiences reflective of their cultural background. 75) Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws in the past decades. 76) More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage. 77) Custodial arrangements are always followed by divorced parents. 78) It will be many years before it is possible to identify the divorce and remarriage patterns of same-sex couples. 79) Couples who seek divorce usually must either return to the place where they were married and re-establish legal residence or try to work through the still-undefined process in their home state. 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

80) According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S. 81) The trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period is related to the growing economic independence of young people. 82) Paid parental leave for mothers and fathers with newborns or newly adopted children is common in all countries, developed or not. 83) In the United States, family leave is left to the employee and employer's discretion. 84) Compare and contrast the different types of families across cultures. 85) Compare and contrast the family from a kinship. Provide examples to help illustrate. 86) Do you believe that the Oneida community is a family or a kinship? Explain. 87) Discuss the social institution of family from the various sociological perspectives. Give examples to support your answer. 88) Identify and contrast the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world. 89) Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship. 90) Discuss and contrast the variations of contemporary family styles found within the U.S. 91) Explain the increasing trend in dual-income couples. 92) Identify the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance throughout the twentieth century. 93) How common is divorce? Explain. 94) Discuss the issues that gay couples who are looking to divorce may face. 95) Discuss why those who remain childless by choice might need the assistance of support networks like those listed in your text. 96) Discuss family leave policies via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 14 Education 1) The lifelong process of learning the attitudes, values, and behavior considered appropriate to members of a particular culture is referred to as A) secularization. B) subculture. C) education. D) socialization. Answer: D Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(n) A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) example of the correspondence principle. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of A) latent functions of education. B) manifest functions of education. C) manifest dysfunctions of education. D) latent dysfunctions of education. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) A particular college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This A) is illegal in most states. B) serves a latent function of education. C) serves a manifest function of education. D) is an attempt to re-socialize improper behavior. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) The main criticism put forward by opponents of bilingual education is that A) these programs cost too much. B) earlier groups of immigrants learned English without these programs. C) it undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted. D) these programs are not effective. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Teachers and guidance counselors may encourage male students to pursue careers in the sciences, but then steer equally talented female students into careers as early childhood teachers. Such socialization into traditional gender roles is considered a form of A) social integration. B) political integration. C) social control. D) political control. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Which of the following statements pertaining to education as an agent of change is true? A) Education programs can transform and have transformed people's lives. B) Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in income are not as significant as previously thought. C) Additional years of formal schooling are associated with a more conservative viewpoints. D) The best indicator of a person's lifetime earnings is a person's familial background. Answer: C Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which sociologist pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information? A) Max Weber B) Arlie Hochschild C) Robin Williams D) Robert Merton Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 14) Which of the following is stressed by formal education? A) the liberal use of broad generalizations B) the importance of qualifying statements C) the acceptance of established truths D) the acceptance of established practices Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benign—for example, it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions, thereby meeting society's need for talented and expert personnel? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling theory Answer: A Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The term hidden curriculum refers to A) the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. B) the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria. C) the teaching of art, music, industrial arts, acting, and other nonessential courses in high schools. D) the lesson plans that instructors prepare, and that students and parents never see. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) In the United States, schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience illustrates A) credentialism. B) the correspondence principle. C) the hidden curriculum. D) the teacher-expectancy effect. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Critics of the hidden curriculum are concerned that A) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior. B) discipline takes precedence over the learning process. C) it places too much emphasis on creative thought. D) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior, and also, it gives discipline precedence over the learning process. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) Students in Japan are offered guidance sessions that seek to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world. These sessions are an example of A) a hidden curriculum. B) the correspondence principle. C) the teacher-expectancy effect. D) the Protestant ethic. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) The marginalization in sex and relationship education in schools of anything other than heterosexual relationships is an example of A) a hidden curriculum. B) the correspondence principle. C) the teacher-expectancy effect. D) the Protestant ethic. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

22) An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as A) the hidden curriculum. B) escalation. C) credentialism. D) the worker-expectancy effect. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) What is tracking? A) the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools B) the process of following a student's academic progress from first through twelfth grades C) the practice of integrating handicapped children into "regular" classrooms D) the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria Answer: D Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Studies of tracking show that children placed in nonacademic tracks tend to come from A) high-income households. B) two-parent families. C) minority groups. D) affluent neighborhoods. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education? A) White participation in higher education fell from 44 percent to 28 percent between 1978 and 2008. B) More women than men are receiving college degrees. C) Equal gains are being made by Latino and African American groups in educational attainment. D) Men are more likely to receive degrees than women. Answer: B Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) Which sociologist studied both poor and affluent Chicago schools and found that administrators expected less of children from poorer neighborhoods? A) Talcott Parsons B) Howard Becker C) Robert Rosenthal D) Max Weber Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociologists Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

28) Which researcher's work yielded the concept referred to as the teacher-expectancy effect? A) Talcott Parsons B) Howard Becker C) Robert Rosenthal D) Max Weber Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociologists Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 29) Which of the following approaches suggests that if we treat people in particular ways, they may fulfill our expectations? A) credentialism B) labeling C) secularization D) teacher-expectancy effect Answer: D Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) The correspondence principle refers to the tendency of A) students to develop values and attitudes that are similar to those of their elementary school teachers. B) schools to place physically handicapped children in classes with peers who are at a similar academic level, regardless of physical condition. C) schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to perpetuate social class divisions from one generation to the next. D) parents to place their children in private schools that teach social values similar to their own. Answer: C Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 required federally funded schools to do all of the following except for A) eliminating sex-segregated classes. B) prohibiting sex discrimination in admissions and for financial aid. C) giving female students more opportunities, in proportion to their enrollment and interest, to play sports. D) permitting federal funding without conditions. Answer: D Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) Which sociologist's analysis of bureaucracies has been applied to schools in the United States because of the growing number of students enrolled in schools and the greater degree of specialization required within a technologically complex society? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Max Weber D) Samuel Bowles Answer: C Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

34) A particular school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: C Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 35) In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: D Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 36) A particular teacher spends 80 percent of her time filling out proper forms required by the school district and the rest of her time actually teaching. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: A Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

37) You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students, with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: B Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 38) Your professor receives a promotion when she publishes a journal article within her body of expertise, instead of the promotion going to the department chair's brother-in-law who used to be a cashier but could really use the money. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) employment based on technical qualifications B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: A Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 39) Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

40) Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Researchers have identified distinctive student subcultures on college campuses. The students who focus on having fun and socializing are referred to as the ________ subculture. A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist Answer: B Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 42) Which of the college subcultures identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake? A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist Answer: A Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

43) Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are A) less academically prepared for college. B) isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills. C) negatively affected if they have an attention deficit disorder. D) are unable to properly communicate with others. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) Which of the following is considered a problem with homeschooling? A) quality control B) the number of teachers C) the quality of the time children spend with parents D) the rate of learning Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children? A) Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests. B) Most homeschooled students belong to single-parent families. C) Most homeschooled students belong to middle-income families. D) Most homeschooled students come from affluent neighborhoods. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools meet society's need for education while serving a diverse student body? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools do not represent teachers' interests well and are contributing to the decline of labor unions? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 48) As a social institution, education performs a rather conservative function—transmitting the dominant culture. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

49) All governments shape culture through education. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) In effect, schools serve as a transitional agent of social control, bridging the gap between parents and employers in the life cycle of most individuals. Answer: TRUE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) The correspondence principle refers to schools that perpetuate social-class integration within a community setting. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Students who are placed in low-ability groups are able to easily be promoted to high-ability groups in the future. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) In many respects, today's schools, when viewed as an example of formal organizations, are similar to factories, hospitals, and business firms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Schools operate autonomously and are typically not influenced by the market of potential students. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) Conflicts arise for teachers when they must serve as employee of the school, disciplinarian, and instructor all at the same time. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Burnout is a common stressor for teachers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) The overall prestige of the teaching profession has increased over the last decade. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

58) The college subculture that focuses on socializing and having fun instead of attending classes is the nonconformist subculture. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 59) Experimental schools that are developed and managed by individuals, groups of parents, or an educational management organization are referred to as charter schools. Answer: TRUE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60) Charter schools are privately financed. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist sociological perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

62) In what ways has research shown that education can serve as an agent of change? How does this latent function of education differ from other latent functions as described by the functionalist perspective? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) Discuss the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) Discuss tracking and the criticisms of its use. How can it impede a student's ability to succeed? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) Discuss the interactionist perspective on education. Define the teacher-expectancy effect and give examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

66) Discuss the great strides that women have made in education. What has contributed to these successes? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) Discuss Max Weber's five characteristics of a bureaucracy and how they apply to educational settings. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Discuss the concept of homeschooling in contemporary America. Provide multiple reasons different individual families may choose schooling at home versus private and public choices. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 69) Discuss charter schools via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 14 Education 1) The lifelong process of learning the attitudes, values, and behavior considered appropriate to members of a particular culture is referred to as A) secularization. B) subculture. C) education. D) socialization. 2) Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(n) A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) example of the correspondence principle. 3) Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of A) latent functions of education. B) manifest functions of education. C) manifest dysfunctions of education. D) latent dysfunctions of education. 4) Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. 5) Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. 6) A particular college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This A) is illegal in most states. B) serves a latent function of education. C) serves a manifest function of education. D) is an attempt to re-socialize improper behavior.

7) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how the common identity and social integration fostered by education contributes to overall societal stability and consensus? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 8) In schools in the United States, bilingual education has been defended on the grounds that it A) is a means to encourage cultural diversity. B) assists in the cultural integration of immigrant groups. C) assists in the political integration of immigrant groups. D) encourages tolerance amongst children and their parents. 9) In the past, the integrative function of education in the United States was most obvious in its emphasis on A) teaching diversity in the classroom. B) promotion of a common language. C) teaching strict discipline. D) teaching students that they share a common history. 10) The main criticism put forward by opponents of bilingual education is that A) these programs cost too much. B) earlier groups of immigrants learned English without these programs. C) it undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted. D) these programs are not effective. 11) Teachers and guidance counselors may encourage male students to pursue careers in the sciences, but then steer equally talented female students into careers as early childhood teachers. Such socialization into traditional gender roles is considered a form of A) social integration. B) political integration. C) social control. D) political control. 12) Which of the following statements pertaining to education as an agent of change is true? A) Education programs can transform and have transformed people's lives. B) Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in income are not as significant as previously thought. C) Additional years of formal schooling are associated with a more conservative viewpoints. D) The best indicator of a person's lifetime earnings is a person's familial background. 13) Which sociologist pointed out that better-educated people tend to have greater access to factual information? A) Max Weber B) Arlie Hochschild C) Robin Williams D) Robert Merton 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Which of the following is stressed by formal education? A) the liberal use of broad generalizations B) the importance of qualifying statements C) the acceptance of established truths D) the acceptance of established practices 15) Which sociological perspective portrays contemporary education as basically benign—for example, it argues that schools rationally sort and select students for future high-status positions, thereby meeting society's need for talented and expert personnel? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling theory 16) Which sociological perspective views education as an instrument of elite domination? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 17) The term hidden curriculum refers to A) the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools. B) the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria. C) the teaching of art, music, industrial arts, acting, and other nonessential courses in high schools. D) the lesson plans that instructors prepare, and that students and parents never see. 18) In the United States, schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience illustrates A) credentialism. B) the correspondence principle. C) the hidden curriculum. D) the teacher-expectancy effect. 19) Critics of the hidden curriculum are concerned that A) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior. B) discipline takes precedence over the learning process. C) it places too much emphasis on creative thought. D) it may lead to a type of interpretive behavior, and also, it gives discipline precedence over the learning process.

20) Students in Japan are offered guidance sessions that seek to improve the classroom experience and instill values useful in the Japanese business world. These sessions are an example of A) a hidden curriculum. B) the correspondence principle. C) the teacher-expectancy effect. D) the Protestant ethic. 21) The marginalization in sex and relationship education in schools of anything other than heterosexual relationships is an example of A) a hidden curriculum. B) the correspondence principle. C) the teacher-expectancy effect. D) the Protestant ethic. 22) An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as A) the hidden curriculum. B) escalation. C) credentialism. D) the worker-expectancy effect. 23) Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 24) What is tracking? A) the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools B) the process of following a student's academic progress from first through twelfth grades C) the practice of integrating handicapped children into "regular" classrooms D) the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria 25) Studies of tracking show that children placed in nonacademic tracks tend to come from A) high-income households. B) two-parent families. C) minority groups. D) affluent neighborhoods.

26) Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education? A) White participation in higher education fell from 44 percent to 28 percent between 1978 and 2008. B) More women than men are receiving college degrees. C) Equal gains are being made by Latino and African American groups in educational attainment. D) Men are more likely to receive degrees than women. 27) Which sociologist studied both poor and affluent Chicago schools and found that administrators expected less of children from poorer neighborhoods? A) Talcott Parsons B) Howard Becker C) Robert Rosenthal D) Max Weber 28) Which researcher's work yielded the concept referred to as the teacher-expectancy effect? A) Talcott Parsons B) Howard Becker C) Robert Rosenthal D) Max Weber 29) Which of the following approaches suggests that if we treat people in particular ways, they may fulfill our expectations? A) credentialism B) labeling C) secularization D) teacher-expectancy effect 30) The correspondence principle refers to the tendency of A) students to develop values and attitudes that are similar to those of their elementary school teachers. B) schools to place physically handicapped children in classes with peers who are at a similar academic level, regardless of physical condition. C) schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and to perpetuate social class divisions from one generation to the next. D) parents to place their children in private schools that teach social values similar to their own. 31) Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 required federally funded schools to do all of the following except for A) eliminating sex-segregated classes. B) prohibiting sex discrimination in admissions and for financial aid. C) giving female students more opportunities, in proportion to their enrollment and interest, to play sports. D) permitting federal funding without conditions.

32) The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 33) Which sociologist's analysis of bureaucracies has been applied to schools in the United States because of the growing number of students enrolled in schools and the greater degree of specialization required within a technologically complex society? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Max Weber D) Samuel Bowles 34) A particular school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 35) In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 36) A particular teacher spends 80 percent of her time filling out proper forms required by the school district and the rest of her time actually teaching. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 37) You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students, with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority

38) Your professor receives a promotion when she publishes a journal article within her body of expertise, instead of the promotion going to the department chair's brother-in-law who used to be a cashier but could really use the money. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) employment based on technical qualifications B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 39) Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 40) Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 41) Researchers have identified distinctive student subcultures on college campuses. The students who focus on having fun and socializing are referred to as the ________ subculture. A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist 42) Which of the college subcultures identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake? A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist 43) Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are A) less academically prepared for college. B) isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills. C) negatively affected if they have an attention deficit disorder. D) are unable to properly communicate with others. 44) Which of the following is considered a problem with homeschooling? A) quality control B) the number of teachers C) the quality of the time children spend with parents D) the rate of learning 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

45) Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children? A) Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests. B) Most homeschooled students belong to single-parent families. C) Most homeschooled students belong to middle-income families. D) Most homeschooled students come from affluent neighborhoods. 46) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools meet society's need for education while serving a diverse student body? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 47) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools do not represent teachers' interests well and are contributing to the decline of labor unions? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 48) As a social institution, education performs a rather conservative function—transmitting the dominant culture. 49) All governments shape culture through education. 50) In effect, schools serve as a transitional agent of social control, bridging the gap between parents and employers in the life cycle of most individuals. 51) The correspondence principle refers to schools that perpetuate social-class integration within a community setting. 52) Students who are placed in low-ability groups are able to easily be promoted to high-ability groups in the future. 53) In many respects, today's schools, when viewed as an example of formal organizations, are similar to factories, hospitals, and business firms. 54) Schools operate autonomously and are typically not influenced by the market of potential students. 55) Conflicts arise for teachers when they must serve as employee of the school, disciplinarian, and instructor all at the same time. 56) Burnout is a common stressor for teachers. 57) The overall prestige of the teaching profession has increased over the last decade. 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

58) The college subculture that focuses on socializing and having fun instead of attending classes is the nonconformist subculture. 59) Experimental schools that are developed and managed by individuals, groups of parents, or an educational management organization are referred to as charter schools. 60) Charter schools are privately financed. 61) Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist sociological perspective. 62) In what ways has research shown that education can serve as an agent of change? How does this latent function of education differ from other latent functions as described by the functionalist perspective? 63) Discuss the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. 64) Discuss tracking and the criticisms of its use. How can it impede a student's ability to succeed? 65) Discuss the interactionist perspective on education. Define the teacher-expectancy effect and give examples to illustrate your answer. 66) Discuss the great strides that women have made in education. What has contributed to these successes? 67) Discuss Max Weber's five characteristics of a bureaucracy and how they apply to educational settings. 68) Discuss the concept of homeschooling in contemporary America. Provide multiple reasons different individual families may choose schooling at home versus private and public choices. 69) Discuss charter schools via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 15 Religion 1) Secularization is the A) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C) ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D) element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." This relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates A) creationism. B) fundamentalism. C) secularization. D) the Protestant ethic. Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Karl Marx D) Robert Merton Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

4) According to Émile Durkheim, religion is A) a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things. B) the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being. C) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) The concept of the sacred encompasses A) the ordinary and commonplace elements of life. B) the practices required or expected of members of a faith. C) elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things. Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of A) the sacred. B) the profane. C) creationism. D) both the sacred and creationism. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

7) The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as A) sacred. B) profane. C) cult-like. D) ritualistic. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) A table, an incense stick, and a candelabra can all be considered A) profane items. B) sacred items. C) neither sacred nor profane items. D) both sacred and profane items. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which is the important text for followers of Islam? A) Bible B) Torah C) Qur'an D) Triptaka Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religion's A) latent functions. B) manifest functions. C) manifest dysfunctions. D) latent dysfunctions. Answer: B Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) manifest dysfunction. D) latent dysfunction. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations can be considered A) manifest functions of religion. B) latent functions of religion. C) dysfunctions of religion. D) interactionist approaches to religion. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Max Weber A) examined the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development. B) called religion the "opiate of the masses." C) examined the influence of religion on suicide. D) studied cult behavior in Germany. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives; Sociologists Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Emphasis on a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life is known as A) the opiate of the masses. B) liberation theology. C) the Protestant ethic. D) the Catholic ethic. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers? A) the sanctuary movement B) the Protestant ethic C) predestination D) liberation theology Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) Liberation theology refers to A) the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. B) the use of a church, primarily the Muslim temple, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. C) people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis. D) a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) Which of the following is an example of liberation theology? A) a Catholic church in South America that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women B) the role of Martin Luther King Jr. and other religious leaders in the civil rights movement in the U.S. in the 1960s C) the leadership of Pope John Paul II among Catholic clergy adhering to traditional pastoral duties D) the overall leadership of religious institutions Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) The stained glass ceiling refers to the A) ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions. B) difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions. C) difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S. religious system. D) ability of women to fill any position with any organization. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Which is the single largest faith in the world? A) Islam B) Hinduism C) Christianity D) Judaism Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Which sociological perspective emphasizes individual religious expression through belief, ritual, and experience? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a potential source of structural social change, through liberation theology? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: C Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social integration and unification? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social support for individuals? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 26) In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? A) Both are polytheistic. B) Both include the belief in prophets. C) Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah. D) Both require confession and communion. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) Which of the following is true regarding Islam? A) Followers of Islam vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions. B) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God. C) Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity. D) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Which of the following is true regarding Judaism? A) For Jews, God's true nature is revealed in the Torah. B) Judaism has a relatively large world following. C) It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam. D) For Jews, the Messiah has yet to return. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways? A) They all use the same religious text. B) They are all monotheistic. C) They are all polytheistic. D) They share the same ritualistic traditions. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) In which way does Hinduism differ from other major religions? A) It embraces a number of major and minor gods. B) It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation. C) It is preserved mostly through a single written text. D) It embraces only one god. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

31) Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism? A) It is identical to Hinduism. B) It emerged in India. C) It strives for material pleasures while on earth. D) It developed in the 1800s. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) The statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 33) Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious A) belief. B) experience. C) value. D) ritual. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

34) Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as A) religious ritual. B) fanaticism. C) fundamentalism. D) secularization. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious A) experiences. B) rituals. C) values. D) beliefs. Answer: B Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

37) Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) totem. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 38) The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) custom. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 39) The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious A) value. B) belief. C) experience. D) ritual. Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n) A) cult. B) denomination. C) sect. D) ecclesia. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 41) A denomination is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 42) Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States? A) an Amish church B) the Episcopalian religion C) a storefront church in an inner-city community D) Jehovah's Witnesses Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

43) Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States? A) Roman Catholic B) Protestant C) Judaism D) Muslim Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) A sect is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 45) An established sect is a A) religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society. B) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. C) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. D) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

46) Which of the following is an example of an established sect? A) Catholicism B) Conservative Judaism C) the Hutterites D) Confucianism Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 47) A new religious movement (NRM) or cult is A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) the concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, of a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 48) Durkheim was not so much interested in the personalities of religious believers as he was in understanding religious behavior within a social context. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) The profane includes the ordinary and commonplace. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) Religion is a cultural universal. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) Latent functions of religion include unintended actions that are considered covert or hidden. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) A by-product of the Protestant ethic is the drive to accumulate savings that can be used for future investment. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) Islam is the largest single faith in the world. Answer: FALSE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Both Christianity and Islam impose a moral code on believers. Answer: FALSE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

55) Rituals usually honor the divine power (or powers) worshipped by believers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Communion with the Holy Spirit is an example of an experience. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) An ecclesia does not exist in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 58) One major sign of the fluidity of individual religion and spirituality is the rise of the electronic church. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 59) Discuss the concepts of sacred and profane in the context of the distinctions religious faiths make between transcending events and the everyday world. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

60) What is the integrative function of religion? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 61) Compare and contrast the world religions discussed in the text. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 62) Discuss the primary differences between the functionalist and conflict views on religion. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 63) Write a summary of Islam as presented in your textbook. Be sure to include both similarities and differences between Islam and other religions, as well as the divisions within Islam itself. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 64) Discuss the three components of religion—belief, ritual, and experience—and describe how they depend on each other. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

65) Explain the characteristics of a new religious movement (NRM), or cult. How is a cult similar to and different from a sect? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 15 Religion 1) Secularization is the A) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C) ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D) element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear. 2) The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." This relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates A) creationism. B) fundamentalism. C) secularization. D) the Protestant ethic. 3) Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Karl Marx D) Robert Merton 4) According to Émile Durkheim, religion is A) a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things. B) the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being. C) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things. 5) The concept of the sacred encompasses A) the ordinary and commonplace elements of life. B) the practices required or expected of members of a faith. C) elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things. 6) Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of A) the sacred. B) the profane. C) creationism. D) both the sacred and creationism.

7) The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as A) sacred. B) profane. C) cult-like. D) ritualistic. 8) A table, an incense stick, and a candelabra can all be considered A) profane items. B) sacred items. C) neither sacred nor profane items. D) both sacred and profane items. 9) Which is the important text for followers of Islam? A) Bible B) Torah C) Qur'an D) Triptaka 10) Giving meaning to the divine and defining the spiritual world are among religion's A) latent functions. B) manifest functions. C) manifest dysfunctions. D) latent dysfunctions. 11) Churches that serve as training grounds for community leaders and allow members to refine their organizational skills are performing a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) manifest dysfunction. D) latent dysfunction. 12) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 13) Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations can be considered A) manifest functions of religion. B) latent functions of religion. C) dysfunctions of religion. D) interactionist approaches to religion.

14) Max Weber A) examined the connection between religious allegiance and capitalist development. B) called religion the "opiate of the masses." C) examined the influence of religion on suicide. D) studied cult behavior in Germany. 15) Emphasis on a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life is known as A) the opiate of the masses. B) liberation theology. C) the Protestant ethic. D) the Catholic ethic. 16) What term did Max Weber use to refer to a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life emphasized by John Calvin and his followers? A) the sanctuary movement B) the Protestant ethic C) predestination D) liberation theology 17) Liberation theology refers to A) the use of a church, primarily the Roman Catholic Church, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. B) the use of a church, primarily the Muslim temple, in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice. C) people who support a literal interpretation of the book of Genesis. D) a religious organization that claims to include most of the members of a society. 18) Which of the following is an example of liberation theology? A) a Catholic church in South America that leads a movement to earn equal rights for poor women B) the role of Martin Luther King Jr. and other religious leaders in the civil rights movement in the U.S. in the 1960s C) the leadership of Pope John Paul II among Catholic clergy adhering to traditional pastoral duties D) the overall leadership of religious institutions 19) Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

20) The stained glass ceiling refers to the A) ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions. B) difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions. C) difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S. religious system. D) ability of women to fill any position with any organization. 21) Which is the single largest faith in the world? A) Islam B) Hinduism C) Christianity D) Judaism 22) Which sociological perspective emphasizes individual religious expression through belief, ritual, and experience? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 23) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a potential source of structural social change, through liberation theology? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social integration and unification? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 25) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social support for individuals? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 26) In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? A) Both are polytheistic. B) Both include the belief in prophets. C) Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah. D) Both require confession and communion.

27) Which of the following is true regarding Islam? A) Followers of Islam vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions. B) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God. C) Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity. D) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws. 28) Which of the following is true regarding Judaism? A) For Jews, God's true nature is revealed in the Torah. B) Judaism has a relatively large world following. C) It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam. D) For Jews, the Messiah has yet to return. 29) Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways? A) They all use the same religious text. B) They are all monotheistic. C) They are all polytheistic. D) They share the same ritualistic traditions. 30) In which way does Hinduism differ from other major religions? A) It embraces a number of major and minor gods. B) It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation. C) It is preserved mostly through a single written text. D) It embraces only one god. 31) Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism? A) It is identical to Hinduism. B) It emerged in India. C) It strives for material pleasures while on earth. D) It developed in the 1800s. 32) The statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. 33) Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious A) belief. B) experience. C) value. D) ritual.

34) Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. 35) Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as A) religious ritual. B) fanaticism. C) fundamentalism. D) secularization. 36) On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious A) experiences. B) rituals. C) values. D) beliefs. 37) Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) totem. 38) The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) custom. 39) The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious A) value. B) belief. C) experience. D) ritual. 40) A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n) A) cult. B) denomination. C) sect. D) ecclesia. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

41) A denomination is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 42) Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States? A) an Amish church B) the Episcopalian religion C) a storefront church in an inner-city community D) Jehovah's Witnesses 43) Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States? A) Roman Catholic B) Protestant C) Judaism D) Muslim 44) A sect is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 45) An established sect is a A) religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society. B) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. C) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. D) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. 46) Which of the following is an example of an established sect? A) Catholicism B) Conservative Judaism C) the Hutterites D) Confucianism

47) A new religious movement (NRM) or cult is A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) the concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, of a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 48) Durkheim was not so much interested in the personalities of religious believers as he was in understanding religious behavior within a social context. 49) The profane includes the ordinary and commonplace. 50) Religion is a cultural universal. 51) Latent functions of religion include unintended actions that are considered covert or hidden. 52) A by-product of the Protestant ethic is the drive to accumulate savings that can be used for future investment. 53) Islam is the largest single faith in the world. 54) Both Christianity and Islam impose a moral code on believers. 55) Rituals usually honor the divine power (or powers) worshipped by believers. 56) Communion with the Holy Spirit is an example of an experience. 57) An ecclesia does not exist in the United States. 58) One major sign of the fluidity of individual religion and spirituality is the rise of the electronic church. 59) Discuss the concepts of sacred and profane in the context of the distinctions religious faiths make between transcending events and the everyday world. 60) What is the integrative function of religion? 61) Compare and contrast the world religions discussed in the text. 62) Discuss the primary differences between the functionalist and conflict views on religion. 63) Write a summary of Islam as presented in your textbook. Be sure to include both similarities and differences between Islam and other religions, as well as the divisions within Islam itself.

64) Discuss the three components of religion—belief, ritual, and experience—and describe how they depend on each other. Give examples to support your answer. 65) Explain the characteristics of a new religious movement (NRM), or cult. How is a cult similar to and different from a sect?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 16 Government and the Economy 1) What term do we use to refer to "who gets what, when, and how"? A) power B) interests C) politics D) economic Answer: C Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A) legitimacy B) politics C) influence D) power Answer: D Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets. The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of A) charisma. B) power. C) politics. D) force. Answer: B Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) Max Weber defined force as A) the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others. B) the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. C) the ability to exercise one's will over others. D) power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. Answer: A Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying A) influence. B) force. C) authority. D) legitimacy. Answer: B Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which of the following is a social institution founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals? A) political action committee B) interest group C) elite group D) political system Answer: D Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as A) force. B) influence. C) pressure. D) charisma. Answer: B Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) After a dinner-table argument with his grown children, a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S. His children have exercised what kind of power? A) force B) authority C) legitimacy D) influence Answer: D Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised? A) influence B) authority C) legitimacy D) political efficacy Answer: B Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Which of the following would most likely be an example of authority? A) terrorism B) political dissidents who seize an embassy and assassinate a political leader C) a newspaper editorial that convinces members of the population to vote for a particular candidate for mayor D) a person who leads a group because of his or her charming and magnetic personality Answer: D Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Power made legitimate by law is known as A) rational-legal authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) influence authority. Answer: A Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Traditional authority refers to A) legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice. B) power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers. C) power made legitimate by law. D) the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. Answer: A Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) The perception that the orders of superiors are legitimate because "this is how things have always been done" is characteristic of a political system based on A) egalitarian authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) rational-legal authority. Answer: C Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) In a society with leadership based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from A) custom and accepted practice. B) their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C) the written rules and regulations of the political system. D) threats to use coercion to impose their will on others. Answer: C Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) In the United States, there is a presidential election every four years. After the election, nearly half the population readily accepts the leadership of the person for whom they did not vote. This is an example of A) egalitarian authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) rational-legal authority. Answer: D Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) In a society with leadership based on charismatic authority, leaders derive their authority from A) custom and accepted practice. B) their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C) the written rules and regulations of the political system. D) threats to use coercion to impose their will on others. Answer: B Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) ________ authority is derived more from the beliefs of followers than from the actual qualities of leaders. A) Traditional B) Rational-legal C) Charismatic D) Democratic Answer: C Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Adolf Hitler, and Joan of Arc were all leaders who used their respective power to press for changes in accepted social behavior. Their power came from what kind of authority? A) egalitarian authority B) charismatic authority C) traditional authority D) rational-legal authority Answer: B Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) In pointing out that the growth of the electronic media has facilitated the development of charismatic authority, sociologist Carl Couch draws on the A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) Which form of government is led by a single member of a royal family? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy Answer: D Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Which form of government governed on the basis of traditional forms of authority? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy Answer: D Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) Which form of government now often takes the form of military rule? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy Answer: C Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy Answer: C Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) In which type of government does a single person have nearly total power to make and enforce laws, and rules primarily by coercion? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy Answer: B Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Totalitarianism is a form of A) oligarchy. B) dictatorship. C) monarchy. D) representative democracy. Answer: B Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) The United States utilizes which type of government? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy Answer: D Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) Sociologists Theodore Caplow and Louis Hicks have defined ________ as conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons. A) terrorism B) war C) pluralism D) strife Answer: B Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) According to the Global Peace Index, which nations are at the top or are otherwise considered "very peaceful"? A) Iran and Somalia B) Denmark and Sweden C) Jamaica and Mexico D) Iceland and New Zealand Answer: D Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) What term do we use to refer to the use of or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims? A) politics B) terrorism C) hard negotiation D) war Answer: B Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, Alfred McClung Lee has suggested that terrorism A) always pits the powerful against the have-nots. B) always has a religious basis. C) is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. D) always pits the powerful against the have-nots and is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. Answer: C Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

31) Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack? A) Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack. B) Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack. C) Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy. D) Terrorists neither deny or admit that they had any say in the attack. Answer: A Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) Which of the following statements about political apathy in the U.S. is correct? A) The demographic with the most voter apathy is the young; however, the young do vote more often as they grow older. B) Half the people in the U.S. have contacted a national, state, or local official about a political issue or problem. C) Only a small minority of all citizens are familiar with the political process in the U.S., and very few tend to identify with a political party. D) Young people are not alienated from the political system, contrary to popular belief. Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) Because many young, minority, or poor citizens are not engaged politically, political power brokers A) have made efforts to reach this portion of the electorate through increased use of social media. B) will probably continue to ignore their interests. C) are creating programs to help get these potential voters registered. D) feel alienated from the political system. Answer: B Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) A decline in political participation allows governments to A) become dictatorships. B) be held to higher standards. C) operate with less accountability. D) become more efficient. Answer: C Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) Historically, voter turnout has been particularly low among which group? A) young adults B) the middle class C) senior citizens D) the wealthy Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 36) A recent analysis of newspaper coverage of female gubernatorial candidates indicated that A) coverage focused more often on the personal life, appearance, or personality of a female candidate than it did on that of a male candidate. B) articles are more likely to illustrate political issues with statements made by female candidates. C) newspapers often fail to cover the political rallies of female candidates. D) male and female candidates have received equal treatment by the news media in recent elections. Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A) pluralist model B) elite model C) functionalist model D) interactionist model Answer: B Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) Which of the following terms did C. Wright Mills use to refer to the military leaders of the power elite at the top of his pyramid structure? A) warlords B) opinion leaders C) exploited masses D) rulers Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 39) According to C. Wright Mill's model, which of the following groups is located at the bottom of the pyramid? A) exploited masses B) legislators C) military leaders D) social upper class Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) According to G. William Domhoff, today's power elite in the U.S. is composed of which of the following? A) White males B) African American males C) White females D) African American females Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) According to G. William Domhoff's model of the political power structure, to which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong? A) corporate-conservative coalition B) liberal-labor coalition C) environmental-elite coalition D) policy-formation coalition Answer: B Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 42) The pluralist model of power relations in the United States suggests that A) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B) power is held by many competing groups that have access to government, so no single group is dominant. C) power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders along with a group of highly charismatic leaders. Answer: B Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

43) The pluralist model is criticized most significantly for A) its failure to weigh the impact of new communications technologies. B) constituting a kind of "reverse discrimination" against White males. C) an almost total exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from the political process. D) only recognizing minority racial and ethnic groups at election time. Answer: C Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) Studies of the pluralist model within distinct communities, such as Dahl's work in New Haven, have which important limitation? A) They are not scientific because they lack effective controls. B) Racial and ethnic minorities are largely absent from such studies. C) Observation is necessarily limited to local elites who belong to a larger national ruling class. D) They fail to address the potential of elites keeping certain matters out of government debate. Answer: D Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) The sociocultural evolution approach developed by Gerhard Lenski categorizes preindustrial societies according to the way in which the ________ is organized. A) political system B) economy C) religious system D) polity Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services? A) agrarian society B) horticultural society C) industrial society D) postmodern society Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 47) A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a(n) ________ society. A) agrarian B) industrial C) postindustrial D) horticultural Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 48) What are the two types of economic systems that are seen in contemporary societies? A) democracy and communism B) capitalism and socialism C) communism and informalism D) capitalism and democracy Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

49) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is owned individually, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 50) Laissez-faire refers to a form of ________ under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. A) socialism B) communism C) totalitarianism D) capitalism Answer: D Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 51) Monopoly is A) a market with relatively few sellers. B) a form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention. C) the control of a market by a single business firm. D) a social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. Answer: C Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

52) For many years, there was only one long-distance telephone company in the United States— the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. This company was an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) veto group. D) pressure group. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 53) A particular computer software manufacturer creates a product that all computers are required to use. The exclusive product allows the manufacturer to dictate prices, standards of quality, and product availability. This would be an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) oligarchy. D) conglomerate. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 54) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the U.S. economy, competition is still far more restricted than is ideal? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy; Capitalism Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

55) Which of the following is true of a government of a capitalist nation? A) They monitor prices. B) Values business over consumer. C) Takes ownership of entire industries. D) Disregards safety and environmental standards. Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 56) Which of the following theorists point out that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy, competition is still much more restricted than one might expect? A) conflict B) interactionists C) functionalists D) globalists Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 57) Socialism is defined as A) an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. B) an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. C) an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) an economic system in which the people compete freely, within minimal government intervention. Answer: C Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

58) In which type of economic system is the laissez-faire philosophy rejected and the central government, acting as a representative of the people, makes basic economic decisions? A) informal economy B) capitalism C) socialism D) agrarianism Answer: C Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) Socialist societies differ from capitalist societies in their commitment to A) free elections. B) support of the mass media. C) the provision of social service programs. D) overseeing all aspects of public life. Answer: C Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 60) The United States has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical care to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: B Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

61) Which term do we use to refer to an economic system under which all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 62) Communism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is individually owned, and social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. Answer: B Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 63) Moses is working on a kibbutz in Israel where all the members have the same standard of living and they equally divide the profits from the citrus crop that is the primary source of income for the community. This kibbutz is an example of which type of economic system? A) communism B) informal economy C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

64) Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government are indicative of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 65) Trading a haircut for a computer lesson is an example of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 66) An unlicensed street vendor sells watches, which may have been stolen, at a makeshift stand in New York City's Times Square. Another person repairs cars for "private" clients in a garage attached to his home. Neither reports their activities to the government. Both of these people are part of A) a multinational corporation. B) the informal economy. C) the private economy. D) the underground economy. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

67) Which of the following theorists contend that bureaucratic regulations sometimes contribute to the rise of an informal, or underground, economy? A) conflict B) functionalists C) interactionists D) globalists Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 68) Affirmative action is defined as A) the act of admitting minorities to colleges, regardless of their credentials. B) the act of hiring minorities for open positions, regardless of their qualifications. C) positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. D) efforts to further segregate minority groups from employment and educational opportunities. Answer: C Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 69) Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities are known as A) reverse discrimination. B) quotas. C) pluralism. D) affirmative action. Answer: D Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

70) Which sociological perspective would likely view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 71) Which sociological perspective would be interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 72) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing face of the workforce, workers will find themselves supervising and being supervised by people very different from themselves? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

73) The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is known as A) downsizing. B) shrink wrapping. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 74) A particular dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia, where labor costs are lower. This is an example of A) gentrification. B) deindustrialization. C) downsizing. D) modernization. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 75) When a corporation in the U.S. relocates its plants to a country where prevailing wages are lower than in the U.S., this is the final stage of A) modernization. B) post modernization. C) deindustrialization. D) downsizing. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

76) Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A) deindustrialization. B) downsizing. C) anomie. D) alienation. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 77) Downsizing refers to reductions in A) the size of urban communities through advanced planning techniques. B) a company's workforce. C) the size of unions as a result of satisfied worker apathy. D) factory pollutants output. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 78) A particular restaurant experiences a decrease in business, and this leads to a budget deficit. To balance the budget, the management initially pares down the menu so that there is less spoilage. Management then dismisses the busboys and buys an inferior quality of meat and fish. Finally, management fires several waiters and waitresses and increases the workload of those who remain. These actions illustrate A) deregulation. B) downsizing. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

79) Which perspective would suggest that downsizing in the mid-1990s reflects the continuing importance of social class in the United States? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) ethnocentric perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 80) Offshoring refers to A) doing work on an offshore ship. B) sending jobs overseas. C) managing offshore oil rigs. D) agreeing to move if one's position is relocated. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 81) Which of the following employment areas is most vulnerable to offshoring? A) computer programming B) medicine C) road construction D) sociological research Answer: A Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

82) Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty is referred to as A) outsourcing. B) microfinancing. C) offshoring. D) reshoring. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 83) The term microfinancing refers to A) lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B) welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C) welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D) pyramid schemes. Answer: A Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 84) The majority of microloan recipients are A) men. B) entrepreneurs. C) women. D) urban business owners. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

85) Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because the majority of these loans A) go to men. B) go to women. C) have a high interest rate. D) go to sex traffickers. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 86) Power lies at the heart of a political system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) Power relations can involve large organizations, small groups, or even people in an intimate association. Answer: TRUE Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) According to the classification system developed by Max Weber, the power of the president and Congress in the United States is based on traditional authority. Answer: FALSE Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Traditional authority is absolute when the ruler has the ability to determine laws and policies. Answer: TRUE Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

90) Most monarchs now have little practical power; they serve primarily ceremonial purposes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) Germany during Hitler's reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and North Korea today are classified as dictatorships. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Sociologists who take a global view of war study how and why two or more nations become engaged in military conflict. Answer: TRUE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) Public opinion plays a significant role in the execution of war. Answer: TRUE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Nations can maintain their security by threatening violence. Answer: FALSE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

95) The segment of the voting population that has shown the most voter apathy is the young; however, they do vote more often as they grow older. Answer: TRUE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) If political participation declines, government operates with less of a sense of accountability to society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) Political participation makes government accountable to the voters. Answer: TRUE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 98) Low voter turnout is essentially nonexistent in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) The media tend to cover the personal lives of male politicians more than those of female politicians, since males are more likely to be elected to political offices. Answer: FALSE Topic: Politics; Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

100) Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process. Answer: TRUE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 101) Karl Marx believed that democracy was a sham. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 102) Mills' power elite is not a conspiracy, but rather a community of interest and sentiment among a small number of influential people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 103) A fundamental element in Mills' power structure model is that the power elite are relatively few in number and also operate as a self-conscious and cohesive unit. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104) Today's corporate elite are overwhelmingly White and male. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

105) The United States is an example of an elite system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 106) Robert Dahl's model of political power in the United States suggests there are three levels: corporate, executive, and military elites; local opinion leaders; and the unorganized, exploited masses at the bottom of the pile. Answer: FALSE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 107) One common point between the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective is that power is unequally distributed within the U.S. political system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 108) Today, social media is the major force in political and civic engagement. Answer: TRUE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 109) Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism; Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

110) The majority of the total economic activity in the United States comes from an informal economy. Answer: FALSE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 111) Capitalist systems vary in the degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 112) The People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and Cuba are the remaining societies that serve as ideal types of communist systems. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 113) Countries such as Russia and Sweden overhauled their socialist economies in the early 1980s, transforming them to laissez-faire capitalism. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 114) Participants in the informal economy are less likely than others to save and invest their income. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

115) Informal economies exist only in developing countries. Answer: FALSE Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 116) Affirmative action is now illegal. Answer: FALSE Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 117) Conflict theorists note that job loss has long been a feature of deindustrialization among blue-collar workers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 118) United States employers have been relying more and more on the part-time workforce. Answer: TRUE Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 119) Explain how power operates in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

120) Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber. Give examples to illustrate each type. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 121) Compare and contrast the various types of government. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 122) Do you believe that the United States is genuinely a representative democracy? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 123) Discuss the importance of political participation in representative democracy. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 124) Discuss the three ways sociologists are interested in the concept of war. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

125) Define the concept of terrorism and discuss the role media play in its contemporary forms. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 126) Explain the importance of the Latino/a political voice in American politics. Has their growing presence translated to more votes? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Politics; Government; Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 127) Discuss the representation of women and minorities within the U.S. governmental structure. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Politics; Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 128) Describe the various models of the power structure in the United States and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 129) Who do you believe holds the power in the United States? Explain your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

130) Do you agree with the claim that the United States is a pluralist model? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 131) Discuss the emergence of capitalism within an industrialized society. Include definitions of laissez-faire and monopoly in your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 132) Discuss the similarities and differences among socialism, communism, and capitalism. Give examples to illustrate each type of economic system. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Capitalism; Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 133) Discuss how deindustrialization and downsizing have changed the face of the workforce in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 134) Explain how temporary and part-time positions are reshaping the workforce in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

135) Discuss the arguments posed by both critics and proponents of the sharing economy. Do you agree with the critics or proponents? Why? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 16 Government and the Economy 1) What term do we use to refer to "who gets what, when, and how"? A) power B) interests C) politics D) economic 2) Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A) legitimacy B) politics C) influence D) power 3) A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets. The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of A) charisma. B) power. C) politics. D) force. 4) Max Weber defined force as A) the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others. B) the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. C) the ability to exercise one's will over others. D) power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. 5) When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying A) influence. B) force. C) authority. D) legitimacy. 6) Which of the following is a social institution founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals? A) political action committee B) interest group C) elite group D) political system

7) The exercise of power through a process of persuasion is known as A) force. B) influence. C) pressure. D) charisma. 8) After a dinner-table argument with his grown children, a man changes his position on the issue of immigrant refugees being granted asylum in the U.S. His children have exercised what kind of power? A) force B) authority C) legitimacy D) influence 9) Which of the following terms refers to power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised? A) influence B) authority C) legitimacy D) political efficacy 10) Which of the following would most likely be an example of authority? A) terrorism B) political dissidents who seize an embassy and assassinate a political leader C) a newspaper editorial that convinces members of the population to vote for a particular candidate for mayor D) a person who leads a group because of his or her charming and magnetic personality 11) Power made legitimate by law is known as A) rational-legal authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) influence authority. 12) Traditional authority refers to A) legitimate power conferred by custom and accepted practice. B) power made legitimate by a leader's exceptional personal or emotional appeal to his or her followers. C) power made legitimate by law. D) the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. 13) The perception that the orders of superiors are legitimate because "this is how things have always been done" is characteristic of a political system based on A) egalitarian authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) rational-legal authority. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) In a society with leadership based on rational-legal authority, leaders derive their authority from A) custom and accepted practice. B) their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C) the written rules and regulations of the political system. D) threats to use coercion to impose their will on others. 15) In the United States, there is a presidential election every four years. After the election, nearly half the population readily accepts the leadership of the person for whom they did not vote. This is an example of A) egalitarian authority. B) charismatic authority. C) traditional authority. D) rational-legal authority. 16) In a society with leadership based on charismatic authority, leaders derive their authority from A) custom and accepted practice. B) their exceptional personal or emotional appeal. C) the written rules and regulations of the political system. D) threats to use coercion to impose their will on others. 17) ________ authority is derived more from the beliefs of followers than from the actual qualities of leaders. A) Traditional B) Rational-legal C) Charismatic D) Democratic 18) Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Adolf Hitler, and Joan of Arc were all leaders who used their respective power to press for changes in accepted social behavior. Their power came from what kind of authority? A) egalitarian authority B) charismatic authority C) traditional authority D) rational-legal authority 19) In pointing out that the growth of the electronic media has facilitated the development of charismatic authority, sociologist Carl Couch draws on the A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

20) Which form of government is led by a single member of a royal family? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy 21) Which form of government governed on the basis of traditional forms of authority? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy 22) Which form of government now often takes the form of military rule? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) monarchy 23) What term for government do we use to refer to a small group of individuals who rule? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy 24) In which type of government does a single person have nearly total power to make and enforce laws, and rules primarily by coercion? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy 25) Totalitarianism is a form of A) oligarchy. B) dictatorship. C) monarchy. D) representative democracy. 26) The United States utilizes which type of government? A) democracy B) dictatorship C) oligarchy D) representative democracy

27) Sociologists Theodore Caplow and Louis Hicks have defined ________ as conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons. A) terrorism B) war C) pluralism D) strife 28) According to the Global Peace Index, which nations are at the top or are otherwise considered "very peaceful"? A) Iran and Somalia B) Denmark and Sweden C) Jamaica and Mexico D) Iceland and New Zealand 29) What term do we use to refer to the use of or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims? A) politics B) terrorism C) hard negotiation D) war 30) Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, Alfred McClung Lee has suggested that terrorism A) always pits the powerful against the have-nots. B) always has a religious basis. C) is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. D) always pits the powerful against the have-nots and is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. 31) Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack? A) Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack. B) Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack. C) Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy. D) Terrorists neither deny or admit that they had any say in the attack. 32) Which of the following statements about political apathy in the U.S. is correct? A) The demographic with the most voter apathy is the young; however, the young do vote more often as they grow older. B) Half the people in the U.S. have contacted a national, state, or local official about a political issue or problem. C) Only a small minority of all citizens are familiar with the political process in the U.S., and very few tend to identify with a political party. D) Young people are not alienated from the political system, contrary to popular belief.

33) Because many young, minority, or poor citizens are not engaged politically, political power brokers A) have made efforts to reach this portion of the electorate through increased use of social media. B) will probably continue to ignore their interests. C) are creating programs to help get these potential voters registered. D) feel alienated from the political system. 34) A decline in political participation allows governments to A) become dictatorships. B) be held to higher standards. C) operate with less accountability. D) become more efficient. 35) Historically, voter turnout has been particularly low among which group? A) young adults B) the middle class C) senior citizens D) the wealthy 36) A recent analysis of newspaper coverage of female gubernatorial candidates indicated that A) coverage focused more often on the personal life, appearance, or personality of a female candidate than it did on that of a male candidate. B) articles are more likely to illustrate political issues with statements made by female candidates. C) newspapers often fail to cover the political rallies of female candidates. D) male and female candidates have received equal treatment by the news media in recent elections. 37) Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A) pluralist model B) elite model C) functionalist model D) interactionist model 38) Which of the following terms did C. Wright Mills use to refer to the military leaders of the power elite at the top of his pyramid structure? A) warlords B) opinion leaders C) exploited masses D) rulers

39) According to C. Wright Mill's model, which of the following groups is located at the bottom of the pyramid? A) exploited masses B) legislators C) military leaders D) social upper class 40) According to G. William Domhoff, today's power elite in the U.S. is composed of which of the following? A) White males B) African American males C) White females D) African American females 41) According to G. William Domhoff's model of the political power structure, to which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong? A) corporate-conservative coalition B) liberal-labor coalition C) environmental-elite coalition D) policy-formation coalition 42) The pluralist model of power relations in the United States suggests that A) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B) power is held by many competing groups that have access to government, so no single group is dominant. C) power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders along with a group of highly charismatic leaders. 43) The pluralist model is criticized most significantly for A) its failure to weigh the impact of new communications technologies. B) constituting a kind of "reverse discrimination" against White males. C) an almost total exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from the political process. D) only recognizing minority racial and ethnic groups at election time. 44) Studies of the pluralist model within distinct communities, such as Dahl's work in New Haven, have which important limitation? A) They are not scientific because they lack effective controls. B) Racial and ethnic minorities are largely absent from such studies. C) Observation is necessarily limited to local elites who belong to a larger national ruling class. D) They fail to address the potential of elites keeping certain matters out of government debate.

45) The sociocultural evolution approach developed by Gerhard Lenski categorizes preindustrial societies according to the way in which the ________ is organized. A) political system B) economy C) religious system D) polity 46) Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services? A) agrarian society B) horticultural society C) industrial society D) postmodern society 47) A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a(n) ________ society. A) agrarian B) industrial C) postindustrial D) horticultural 48) What are the two types of economic systems that are seen in contemporary societies? A) democracy and communism B) capitalism and socialism C) communism and informalism D) capitalism and democracy 49) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is owned individually, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. 50) Laissez-faire refers to a form of ________ under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. A) socialism B) communism C) totalitarianism D) capitalism

51) Monopoly is A) a market with relatively few sellers. B) a form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention. C) the control of a market by a single business firm. D) a social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. 52) For many years, there was only one long-distance telephone company in the United States— the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. This company was an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) veto group. D) pressure group. 53) A particular computer software manufacturer creates a product that all computers are required to use. The exclusive product allows the manufacturer to dictate prices, standards of quality, and product availability. This would be an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) oligarchy. D) conglomerate. 54) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the U.S. economy, competition is still far more restricted than is ideal? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 55) Which of the following is true of a government of a capitalist nation? A) They monitor prices. B) Values business over consumer. C) Takes ownership of entire industries. D) Disregards safety and environmental standards. 56) Which of the following theorists point out that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy, competition is still much more restricted than one might expect? A) conflict B) interactionists C) functionalists D) globalists

57) Socialism is defined as A) an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. B) an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. C) an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) an economic system in which the people compete freely, within minimal government intervention. 58) In which type of economic system is the laissez-faire philosophy rejected and the central government, acting as a representative of the people, makes basic economic decisions? A) informal economy B) capitalism C) socialism D) agrarianism 59) Socialist societies differ from capitalist societies in their commitment to A) free elections. B) support of the mass media. C) the provision of social service programs. D) overseeing all aspects of public life. 60) The United States has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical care to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 61) Which term do we use to refer to an economic system under which all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 62) Communism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is individually owned, and social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

63) Moses is working on a kibbutz in Israel where all the members have the same standard of living and they equally divide the profits from the citrus crop that is the primary source of income for the community. This kibbutz is an example of which type of economic system? A) communism B) informal economy C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 64) Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government are indicative of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. 65) Trading a haircut for a computer lesson is an example of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. 66) An unlicensed street vendor sells watches, which may have been stolen, at a makeshift stand in New York City's Times Square. Another person repairs cars for "private" clients in a garage attached to his home. Neither reports their activities to the government. Both of these people are part of A) a multinational corporation. B) the informal economy. C) the private economy. D) the underground economy. 67) Which of the following theorists contend that bureaucratic regulations sometimes contribute to the rise of an informal, or underground, economy? A) conflict B) functionalists C) interactionists D) globalists 68) Affirmative action is defined as A) the act of admitting minorities to colleges, regardless of their credentials. B) the act of hiring minorities for open positions, regardless of their qualifications. C) positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. D) efforts to further segregate minority groups from employment and educational opportunities.

69) Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities are known as A) reverse discrimination. B) quotas. C) pluralism. D) affirmative action. 70) Which sociological perspective would likely view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 71) Which sociological perspective would be interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 72) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing face of the workforce, workers will find themselves supervising and being supervised by people very different from themselves? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 73) The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is known as A) downsizing. B) shrink wrapping. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. 74) A particular dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia, where labor costs are lower. This is an example of A) gentrification. B) deindustrialization. C) downsizing. D) modernization.

75) When a corporation in the U.S. relocates its plants to a country where prevailing wages are lower than in the U.S., this is the final stage of A) modernization. B) post modernization. C) deindustrialization. D) downsizing. 76) Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A) deindustrialization. B) downsizing. C) anomie. D) alienation. 77) Downsizing refers to reductions in A) the size of urban communities through advanced planning techniques. B) a company's workforce. C) the size of unions as a result of satisfied worker apathy. D) factory pollutants output. 78) A particular restaurant experiences a decrease in business, and this leads to a budget deficit. To balance the budget, the management initially pares down the menu so that there is less spoilage. Management then dismisses the busboys and buys an inferior quality of meat and fish. Finally, management fires several waiters and waitresses and increases the workload of those who remain. These actions illustrate A) deregulation. B) downsizing. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. 79) Which perspective would suggest that downsizing in the mid-1990s reflects the continuing importance of social class in the United States? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) ethnocentric perspective 80) Offshoring refers to A) doing work on an offshore ship. B) sending jobs overseas. C) managing offshore oil rigs. D) agreeing to move if one's position is relocated. 81) Which of the following employment areas is most vulnerable to offshoring? A) computer programming B) medicine C) road construction D) sociological research 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

82) Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty is referred to as A) outsourcing. B) microfinancing. C) offshoring. D) reshoring. 83) The term microfinancing refers to A) lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B) welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C) welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D) pyramid schemes. 84) The majority of microloan recipients are A) men. B) entrepreneurs. C) women. D) urban business owners. 85) Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because the majority of these loans A) go to men. B) go to women. C) have a high interest rate. D) go to sex traffickers. 86) Power lies at the heart of a political system. 87) Power relations can involve large organizations, small groups, or even people in an intimate association. 88) According to the classification system developed by Max Weber, the power of the president and Congress in the United States is based on traditional authority. 89) Traditional authority is absolute when the ruler has the ability to determine laws and policies. 90) Most monarchs now have little practical power; they serve primarily ceremonial purposes. 91) Germany during Hitler's reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and North Korea today are classified as dictatorships. 92) Sociologists who take a global view of war study how and why two or more nations become engaged in military conflict. 93) Public opinion plays a significant role in the execution of war. 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

94) Nations can maintain their security by threatening violence. 95) The segment of the voting population that has shown the most voter apathy is the young; however, they do vote more often as they grow older. 96) If political participation declines, government operates with less of a sense of accountability to society. 97) Political participation makes government accountable to the voters. 98) Low voter turnout is essentially nonexistent in the United States. 99) The media tend to cover the personal lives of male politicians more than those of female politicians, since males are more likely to be elected to political offices. 100) Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process. 101) Karl Marx believed that democracy was a sham. 102) Mills' power elite is not a conspiracy, but rather a community of interest and sentiment among a small number of influential people. 103) A fundamental element in Mills' power structure model is that the power elite are relatively few in number and also operate as a self-conscious and cohesive unit. 104) Today's corporate elite are overwhelmingly White and male. 105) The United States is an example of an elite system. 106) Robert Dahl's model of political power in the United States suggests there are three levels: corporate, executive, and military elites; local opinion leaders; and the unorganized, exploited masses at the bottom of the pile. 107) One common point between the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective is that power is unequally distributed within the U.S. political system. 108) Today, social media is the major force in political and civic engagement. 109) Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems. 110) The majority of the total economic activity in the United States comes from an informal economy. 111) Capitalist systems vary in the degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity. 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

112) The People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and Cuba are the remaining societies that serve as ideal types of communist systems. 113) Countries such as Russia and Sweden overhauled their socialist economies in the early 1980s, transforming them to laissez-faire capitalism. 114) Participants in the informal economy are less likely than others to save and invest their income. 115) Informal economies exist only in developing countries. 116) Affirmative action is now illegal. 117) Conflict theorists note that job loss has long been a feature of deindustrialization among blue-collar workers. 118) United States employers have been relying more and more on the part-time workforce. 119) Explain how power operates in society. 120) Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber. Give examples to illustrate each type. 121) Compare and contrast the various types of government. 122) Do you believe that the United States is genuinely a representative democracy? Why or why not? 123) Discuss the importance of political participation in representative democracy. 124) Discuss the three ways sociologists are interested in the concept of war. 125) Define the concept of terrorism and discuss the role media play in its contemporary forms. 126) Explain the importance of the Latino/a political voice in American politics. Has their growing presence translated to more votes? Why or why not? 127) Discuss the representation of women and minorities within the U.S. governmental structure. 128) Describe the various models of the power structure in the United States and give examples to support your answer. 129) Who do you believe holds the power in the United States? Explain your answer. 130) Do you agree with the claim that the United States is a pluralist model? Why or why not?

131) Discuss the emergence of capitalism within an industrialized society. Include definitions of laissez-faire and monopoly in your answer. 132) Discuss the similarities and differences among socialism, communism, and capitalism. Give examples to illustrate each type of economic system. 133) Discuss how deindustrialization and downsizing have changed the face of the workforce in the United States. 134) Explain how temporary and part-time positions are reshaping the workforce in the United States. 135) Discuss the arguments posed by both critics and proponents of the sharing economy. Do you agree with the critics or proponents? Why?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 17 Health, Population, and the Environment 1) The World Health Organization refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A) euphoria. B) health. C) happiness. D) well-being. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on A) objective and agreed-upon criteria established by the medical community. B) criteria established by themselves; their relatives, friends, and coworkers; and medical practitioners. C) criteria established by the World Health Organization. D) body temperature. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Which of the following statements regarding the medicalization of society is true? A) Medicine has slightly expanded its domain of expertise in recent decades. B) As an agent of social control, medicine has incorporated chiropractors and nurse-midwives into the realm of acceptable medicine. C) Nurse-midwives do not need special licensing to achieve professional respectability. D) Physicians continue to exert power to ensure midwifery remains a subordinate occupation. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 5) Talcott Parsons believed physicians function as ________ for the sick role by verifying a patient's condition as illness or designating the patient as recovered. A) functionalists B) gatekeepers C) negotiators D) ambassadors Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggests that the doctor-patient relationship is somewhat like that between A) parent and child. B) peers. C) teacher and students. D) nurse and patient. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which sociological perspective suggests that the term medicalization of society refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 8) The medicalization of society refers to the A) growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control. B) dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds. C) election of medical specialists to high offices in government. D) approach in which medical experts define all of the illnesses or diseases in our society. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Which of the following is a way in which medicine manifests as social control? A) through a greatly expanded domain of expertise B) by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures C) by spending more, comparably, on advertising D) both through a greatly expanded domain of expertise and by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Which theoretical perspective views medicine as a form of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 11) What term refers to the process of medical experts becoming influential in proposing and assessing relevant public policies? A) medical matrix B) medical model C) medical maze D) medical monolith Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) Which of the following sociological perspectives observes that the nature of provider-patient can reduce the quality of care? A) functionalist perspective B) interactionist perspective C) global perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

13) The immigration to the U.S. of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries is referred to as A) medicalization. B) techno-flow. C) brain drain. D) golden opportunity. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health care Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) The infant mortality rate reflects which of the following? A) infant screening measures B) dental visits C) immunizations D) postnatal procedures Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which sociological perspective would emphasize how inequalities in health care have clear life-and-death consequences for some due to the unequal distribution of resources? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

16) In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on micro-level study of the roles played by health care professionals and patients? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 17) Which of the following perspectives suggests that behaviors viewed today as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses? A) labeling perspective B) feminist perspective C) global perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Mental illness Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." This power is described by A) the sick role. B) medicalization. C) the labeling theory. D) the brain drain. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) The controlling factor for the functionalist perspective is A) the medical profession. B) the physician as a gatekeeper. C) social inequities. D) medicalization. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) Which of the following sociological perspectives emphasizes the doctor-patient relationship and the interaction of medical staff? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) functionalist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 21) Social epidemiology is defined as the A) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B) total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C) study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D) total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) Which of the following statements regarding social epidemiology is true? A) Epidemiologists only concentrate on the scientific study of epidemics. B) Epidemiology is very narrow. C) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. D) Epidemiology is the study of the rate of mortality. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) Morbidity rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. Answer: A Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Mortality rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are comparatively powerless? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 26) In the United States, the fear of contracting AIDS has likely led to changes in sexual behavior among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 27) Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have A) lower mortality rates. B) higher rates of mortality and disability. C) lower rates of cancer and heart disease. D) both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease. Answer: B Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to A) satanic worship. B) euthanasia. C) holistic health care. D) traditional medicine. Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 29) Sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggested that racial tensions helped explain which of the following? A) breast cancer B) diabetes C) hypertension D) lung disease Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) Which of the following has been a barrier for research on women's health? A) Women do not want to be researched. B) Women have often been excluded from clinical studies. C) Medical research is difficult to do on women. D) Women are not compensated for their time in health research. Answer: B Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

31) According to Mexican American curanderismo, susto refers to A) fright sickness. B) fighting attack. C) mental illness. D) fake illness. Answer: A Topic: Health; Population; Culture Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive? A) Health care is poor due to cultural differences. B) Latinos receive more preventive care from primary physicians. C) Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms. D) It is a myth that Latinos' cultural beliefs affect their use of the health care system. Answer: C Topic: Health; Population; Culture Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) Which of the following perspectives points out that historically LGBT people and their families have encountered intolerance similar to that faced by racial and ethnic minorities? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

34) Which of the following statements regarding gender identity is true? A) Today, the number of studies dealing with wellness issues is vast. B) Many medical professionals and service providers have received training on gender identities. C) Same sex couples have always had access to their partners' health insurance benefits. D) Research in mental health illness is limited and should be addressed. Answer: D Topic: Health care; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in the cost of health care in the United States? A) The system is highly efficient. B) Health care is profit-driven. C) The young population is consuming less health care that previously thought. D) Pharmaceutical companies are developing generic, low-cost prescription drugs. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) Which sociological perspective supports the notion that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge, skills, and values to the passive learner—the medical student? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

37) Which of the following perspectives suggests that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge to the passive learner? A) conflict perspective B) functionalist perspective C) global perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 38) Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A) traditional B) ayurveda C) holistic D) homeopathy Answer: C Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 39) If a nonmainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine, it's considered A) complementary. B) alternative. C) holistic. D) traditional. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) If a nonmainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine, it's considered A) traditional. B) holistic. C) complementary. D) alternative. Answer: C Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Massages, respiratory experiences, and the use of herbs as remedies are considered A) traditional medicine practices. B) holistic medicine practices. C) useless medicine practices. D) leisure practices. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 42) Which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the U.S. since 1950? A) People have become much more likely to associate "violence" with "mental illness." B) The general public has become less sophisticated about mental illness. C) People have turned more often to holistic remedies for mental illnesses. D) The general public has become less open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems. Answer: A Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

43) The labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups are known as A) biases. B) slurs. C) stereotypes. D) stigmas. Answer: D Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) The scientific study of population is known as A) geology. B) geography. C) demography. D) anthropology. Answer: C Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 45) The level of reproduction in a society is referred to as A) the birth rate. B) fertility. C) mortality. D) morbidity. Answer: B Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) Once a decade, the U.S. Constitution requires that all residents in the nation be counted. To that end, each household completes a survey with the number of individuals who live there. This enumeration is more commonly known as a A) poll. B) sampling. C) census. D) canvass. Answer: C Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 47) The measure that consists of the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year is known as the A) fertility rate. B) total fertility rate. C) growth rate. D) birthrate. Answer: D Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 48) Which of the following is a component of the pretransition stage of demographic transition? A) high birth rates and death rates with little population growth B) declining death rates, along with low to medium fertility, resulting in significant population growth C) low birth rates and death rates with little population growth D) high death rates, with low fertility Answer: A Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

49) The state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants is known as the A) zero population growth. B) growth rate. C) birth rate. D) mortality rate. Answer: A Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 50) The movement of 1.6 million African Americans from the rural South to northern cities between 1916 and 1930 is a historic American example of A) diaspora. B) immigration. C) emigration. D) migration. Answer: D Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 51) The term ________ refers to the relatively permanent movement of people, with the purpose of changing their place of residence, usually over a distance greater than from one side of a city to another. A) migration B) immigration C) emigration D) deindustrialization Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

52) Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships between people and their physical environment? A) human relations approach B) human ecology C) activity theory D) humanism Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Human ecology Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 53) A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards is referred to as A) environmental prejudice. B) treadmill production. C) principled injustice. D) environmental justice. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 54) Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true-life event that revolved around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A) environmental racism B) environmental justice C) demographic transition D) demographic intransigence Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

55) What reason do skeptics of conflict-based explanations give for why 43 percent of the people who live within 1 mile of hazardous waste treatment facilities in the U.S. do so? A) Racial and ethnic minorities possess less power than others. B) Economics and discriminatory forces push them to live in these places. C) They like to live there due to the low housing prices. D) They choose to live in these ecological oases. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 56) The Exxon Valdez incident in 1989 illustrates the nature of A) air pollution. B) water pollution. C) nuclear contamination. D) land pollution. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 57) Urban air pollution is causes primarily by emissions from A) electric power plants. B) automobiles. C) nuclear plants. D) heavy industries. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

58) As part of which international agreement did representatives of 195 nations meet outside Paris in late 2015 to discuss lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions? A) NAFTA B) IMF Relief Fund C) Kyoto Protocol D) Warsaw Pact Answer: C Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) The observable alteration of the global atmosphere that affects natural weather patterns over several decades or longer is referred to as A) climate change. B) global warming. C) environmental refugee. D) environmental justice. Answer: A Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 60) Which of the following perspectives sees the despoliation of the environment through the lens of world systems analysis? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

61) Which of the following sociological perspectives stresses efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint? A) functionalists B) feminists C) interactionists D) globalists Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 62) Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 63) In what way has the global economic downturn that began in 2008 been a blessing for environmentalists? A) It brought environmental issues to the forefront of the national consciousness. B) It had the side effect of reducing consumption and, as a result, energy use. C) It led close to 200 nations to forge the environmental agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol. D) It pushed large numbers of low-income people out of their homes near toxic waste sites. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

64) Culture contributes to differences in medical care and even how health is defined. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Culture Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 65) Patients' judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender, age, social class, race, and ethnicity. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 66) Medicine serves as an agent of social control by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 67) The irony of midwives is that they first brought professionalism to child delivery, yet today they are portrayed as invading the legitimate field of obstetrics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68) Contemporary social epidemiology is narrow in scope. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

69) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 70) Younger people are more likely to be hospitalized than elderly people, due to the lifestyles and risks they take more often. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 71) A large body of research indicates that compared with men, women experience a higher occurrence of many illnesses, although they tend to live longer. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 72) Women have shorter life spans due to their lifestyle choices. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 73) Patients are turning to the media for health care information. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

74) Having a regular physician is becoming less and less common in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 75) Massage therapy is an example of traditional medicine. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 76) Medicare has a huge impact on the health care system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 77) Labeling theory suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 78) Those who suffer from mental disorders will always be the responsibility of their families. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

79) The medical model of mental illness suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. Answer: FALSE Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) For Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, one appropriate way to control population was to postpone marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) China's strict one-child policy actually produced a negative growth rate in some urban areas. Answer: TRUE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 82) Stable population growth is the state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants. Answer: FALSE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) Generally, the residents of a country are legally free to move from one locality to another. A historic exception was in the Republic of South Africa during apartheid. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

84) Human ecologists focus on how the physical environment shapes people's lives and on how people influence the surrounding environment. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Human ecology Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) Ecological modernization can occur on both the macro and micro levels. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Environmental justice is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 87) One additional degree of warmth in the globe's average surface temperature can increase the likelihood of natural disasters. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Feminists stress efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

89) Contributing to our environmental problems is the fact that we as consumers want inexpensive clothes and toys; yet we as citizens condemn developing countries for depending on coal-fired power plants. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) The ecofeminist movement focuses on the typically male-dominated decision-making processes that have endangered our environment and the need to empower women to make these decisions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 91) Viewed from a conflict perspective, the disproportionate exposure of the poor and minorities to environmental pollutants can act as a disincentive for others to take action. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Differentiate the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views on the issue of health. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

93) Explain social epidemiology. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Discuss the significance of gender identify for health care. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) How has health care in the United States evolved? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 96) Discuss holistic medicine and how it compares and contrasts with traditional Western medicine. Describe the future you envision for "alternative" medicine in the West. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) Identify and discuss the theoretical models of mental disorders. Which model do you believe is the most persuasive? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

98) Describe a population pyramid and explain how it illustrates the population structure of a society. How can a population pyramid aid in forecasting population trends for the future? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Discuss fertility patterns in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) Explain why individuals or groups of people would migrate to another region of their homeland or even to another country, listing at least three motivating factors. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 101) Explain the criticisms of the human ecological and conflict models. What do they argue and what do they support? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 102) What role do you feel globalization plays in our current environmental problems? Discuss the positive and negative attributes globalization brings to the issue of pollution. Finally, construct a contemporary plan for addressing environmental pollution that includes economic, cultural, and ecological concerns. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

103) Discuss the impact of economic stress on environmental issues. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 17 Health, Population, and the Environment 1) The World Health Organization refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A) euphoria. B) health. C) happiness. D) well-being. 2) An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on A) objective and agreed-upon criteria established by the medical community. B) criteria established by themselves; their relatives, friends, and coworkers; and medical practitioners. C) criteria established by the World Health Organization. D) body temperature. 3) The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 4) Which of the following statements regarding the medicalization of society is true? A) Medicine has slightly expanded its domain of expertise in recent decades. B) As an agent of social control, medicine has incorporated chiropractors and nurse-midwives into the realm of acceptable medicine. C) Nurse-midwives do not need special licensing to achieve professional respectability. D) Physicians continue to exert power to ensure midwifery remains a subordinate occupation. 5) Talcott Parsons believed physicians function as ________ for the sick role by verifying a patient's condition as illness or designating the patient as recovered. A) functionalists B) gatekeepers C) negotiators D) ambassadors 6) Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggests that the doctor-patient relationship is somewhat like that between A) parent and child. B) peers. C) teacher and students. D) nurse and patient.

7) Which sociological perspective suggests that the term medicalization of society refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective 8) The medicalization of society refers to the A) growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control. B) dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds. C) election of medical specialists to high offices in government. D) approach in which medical experts define all of the illnesses or diseases in our society. 9) Which of the following is a way in which medicine manifests as social control? A) through a greatly expanded domain of expertise B) by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures C) by spending more, comparably, on advertising D) both through a greatly expanded domain of expertise and by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures 10) Which theoretical perspective views medicine as a form of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 11) What term refers to the process of medical experts becoming influential in proposing and assessing relevant public policies? A) medical matrix B) medical model C) medical maze D) medical monolith 12) Which of the following sociological perspectives observes that the nature of provider-patient can reduce the quality of care? A) functionalist perspective B) interactionist perspective C) global perspective D) conflict perspective 13) The immigration to the U.S. of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries is referred to as A) medicalization. B) techno-flow. C) brain drain. D) golden opportunity. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) The infant mortality rate reflects which of the following? A) infant screening measures B) dental visits C) immunizations D) postnatal procedures 15) Which sociological perspective would emphasize how inequalities in health care have clear life-and-death consequences for some due to the unequal distribution of resources? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 16) In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on micro-level study of the roles played by health care professionals and patients? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 17) Which of the following perspectives suggests that behaviors viewed today as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses? A) labeling perspective B) feminist perspective C) global perspective D) conflict perspective 18) Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." This power is described by A) the sick role. B) medicalization. C) the labeling theory. D) the brain drain. 19) The controlling factor for the functionalist perspective is A) the medical profession. B) the physician as a gatekeeper. C) social inequities. D) medicalization. 20) Which of the following sociological perspectives emphasizes the doctor-patient relationship and the interaction of medical staff? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) functionalist perspective D) conflict perspective 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Social epidemiology is defined as the A) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B) total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C) study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D) total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time. 22) Which of the following statements regarding social epidemiology is true? A) Epidemiologists only concentrate on the scientific study of epidemics. B) Epidemiology is very narrow. C) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. D) Epidemiology is the study of the rate of mortality. 23) Morbidity rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. 24) Mortality rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. 25) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are comparatively powerless? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 26) In the United States, the fear of contracting AIDS has likely led to changes in sexual behavior among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

27) Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have A) lower mortality rates. B) higher rates of mortality and disability. C) lower rates of cancer and heart disease. D) both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease. 28) Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to A) satanic worship. B) euthanasia. C) holistic health care. D) traditional medicine. 29) Sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggested that racial tensions helped explain which of the following? A) breast cancer B) diabetes C) hypertension D) lung disease 30) Which of the following has been a barrier for research on women's health? A) Women do not want to be researched. B) Women have often been excluded from clinical studies. C) Medical research is difficult to do on women. D) Women are not compensated for their time in health research. 31) According to Mexican American curanderismo, susto refers to A) fright sickness. B) fighting attack. C) mental illness. D) fake illness. 32) Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive? A) Health care is poor due to cultural differences. B) Latinos receive more preventive care from primary physicians. C) Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms. D) It is a myth that Latinos' cultural beliefs affect their use of the health care system. 33) Which of the following perspectives points out that historically LGBT people and their families have encountered intolerance similar to that faced by racial and ethnic minorities? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective

34) Which of the following statements regarding gender identity is true? A) Today, the number of studies dealing with wellness issues is vast. B) Many medical professionals and service providers have received training on gender identities. C) Same sex couples have always had access to their partners' health insurance benefits. D) Research in mental health illness is limited and should be addressed. 35) Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in the cost of health care in the United States? A) The system is highly efficient. B) Health care is profit-driven. C) The young population is consuming less health care that previously thought. D) Pharmaceutical companies are developing generic, low-cost prescription drugs. 36) Which sociological perspective supports the notion that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge, skills, and values to the passive learner—the medical student? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 37) Which of the following perspectives suggests that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge to the passive learner? A) conflict perspective B) functionalist perspective C) global perspective D) feminist perspective 38) Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A) traditional B) ayurveda C) holistic D) homeopathy 39) If a nonmainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine, it's considered A) complementary. B) alternative. C) holistic. D) traditional. 40) If a nonmainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine, it's considered A) traditional. B) holistic. C) complementary. D) alternative. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

41) Massages, respiratory experiences, and the use of herbs as remedies are considered A) traditional medicine practices. B) holistic medicine practices. C) useless medicine practices. D) leisure practices. 42) Which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the U.S. since 1950? A) People have become much more likely to associate "violence" with "mental illness." B) The general public has become less sophisticated about mental illness. C) People have turned more often to holistic remedies for mental illnesses. D) The general public has become less open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems. 43) The labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups are known as A) biases. B) slurs. C) stereotypes. D) stigmas. 44) The scientific study of population is known as A) geology. B) geography. C) demography. D) anthropology. 45) The level of reproduction in a society is referred to as A) the birth rate. B) fertility. C) mortality. D) morbidity. 46) Once a decade, the U.S. Constitution requires that all residents in the nation be counted. To that end, each household completes a survey with the number of individuals who live there. This enumeration is more commonly known as a A) poll. B) sampling. C) census. D) canvass. 47) The measure that consists of the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year is known as the A) fertility rate. B) total fertility rate. C) growth rate. D) birthrate. 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

48) Which of the following is a component of the pretransition stage of demographic transition? A) high birth rates and death rates with little population growth B) declining death rates, along with low to medium fertility, resulting in significant population growth C) low birth rates and death rates with little population growth D) high death rates, with low fertility 49) The state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants is known as the A) zero population growth. B) growth rate. C) birth rate. D) mortality rate. 50) The movement of 1.6 million African Americans from the rural South to northern cities between 1916 and 1930 is a historic American example of A) diaspora. B) immigration. C) emigration. D) migration. 51) The term ________ refers to the relatively permanent movement of people, with the purpose of changing their place of residence, usually over a distance greater than from one side of a city to another. A) migration B) immigration C) emigration D) deindustrialization 52) Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships between people and their physical environment? A) human relations approach B) human ecology C) activity theory D) humanism 53) A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards is referred to as A) environmental prejudice. B) treadmill production. C) principled injustice. D) environmental justice.

54) Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true-life event that revolved around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A) environmental racism B) environmental justice C) demographic transition D) demographic intransigence 55) What reason do skeptics of conflict-based explanations give for why 43 percent of the people who live within 1 mile of hazardous waste treatment facilities in the U.S. do so? A) Racial and ethnic minorities possess less power than others. B) Economics and discriminatory forces push them to live in these places. C) They like to live there due to the low housing prices. D) They choose to live in these ecological oases. 56) The Exxon Valdez incident in 1989 illustrates the nature of A) air pollution. B) water pollution. C) nuclear contamination. D) land pollution. 57) Urban air pollution is causes primarily by emissions from A) electric power plants. B) automobiles. C) nuclear plants. D) heavy industries. 58) As part of which international agreement did representatives of 195 nations meet outside Paris in late 2015 to discuss lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions? A) NAFTA B) IMF Relief Fund C) Kyoto Protocol D) Warsaw Pact 59) The observable alteration of the global atmosphere that affects natural weather patterns over several decades or longer is referred to as A) climate change. B) global warming. C) environmental refugee. D) environmental justice.

60) Which of the following perspectives sees the despoliation of the environment through the lens of world systems analysis? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 61) Which of the following sociological perspectives stresses efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint? A) functionalists B) feminists C) interactionists D) globalists 62) Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 63) In what way has the global economic downturn that began in 2008 been a blessing for environmentalists? A) It brought environmental issues to the forefront of the national consciousness. B) It had the side effect of reducing consumption and, as a result, energy use. C) It led close to 200 nations to forge the environmental agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol. D) It pushed large numbers of low-income people out of their homes near toxic waste sites. 64) Culture contributes to differences in medical care and even how health is defined. 65) Patients' judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender, age, social class, race, and ethnicity. 66) Medicine serves as an agent of social control by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures. 67) The irony of midwives is that they first brought professionalism to child delivery, yet today they are portrayed as invading the legitimate field of obstetrics. 68) Contemporary social epidemiology is narrow in scope. 69) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. 70) Younger people are more likely to be hospitalized than elderly people, due to the lifestyles and risks they take more often. 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

71) A large body of research indicates that compared with men, women experience a higher occurrence of many illnesses, although they tend to live longer. 72) Women have shorter life spans due to their lifestyle choices. 73) Patients are turning to the media for health care information. 74) Having a regular physician is becoming less and less common in the United States. 75) Massage therapy is an example of traditional medicine. 76) Medicare has a huge impact on the health care system. 77) Labeling theory suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. 78) Those who suffer from mental disorders will always be the responsibility of their families. 79) The medical model of mental illness suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. 80) For Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, one appropriate way to control population was to postpone marriage. 81) China's strict one-child policy actually produced a negative growth rate in some urban areas. 82) Stable population growth is the state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants. 83) Generally, the residents of a country are legally free to move from one locality to another. A historic exception was in the Republic of South Africa during apartheid. 84) Human ecologists focus on how the physical environment shapes people's lives and on how people influence the surrounding environment. 85) Ecological modernization can occur on both the macro and micro levels. 86) Environmental justice is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards. 87) One additional degree of warmth in the globe's average surface temperature can increase the likelihood of natural disasters. 88) Feminists stress efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint.

89) Contributing to our environmental problems is the fact that we as consumers want inexpensive clothes and toys; yet we as citizens condemn developing countries for depending on coal-fired power plants. 90) The ecofeminist movement focuses on the typically male-dominated decision-making processes that have endangered our environment and the need to empower women to make these decisions. 91) Viewed from a conflict perspective, the disproportionate exposure of the poor and minorities to environmental pollutants can act as a disincentive for others to take action. 92) Differentiate the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views on the issue of health. Give examples to support your answer. 93) Explain social epidemiology. 94) Discuss the significance of gender identify for health care. 95) How has health care in the United States evolved? 96) Discuss holistic medicine and how it compares and contrasts with traditional Western medicine. Describe the future you envision for "alternative" medicine in the West. 97) Identify and discuss the theoretical models of mental disorders. Which model do you believe is the most persuasive? 98) Describe a population pyramid and explain how it illustrates the population structure of a society. How can a population pyramid aid in forecasting population trends for the future? 99) Discuss fertility patterns in the United States. 100) Explain why individuals or groups of people would migrate to another region of their homeland or even to another country, listing at least three motivating factors. 101) Explain the criticisms of the human ecological and conflict models. What do they argue and what do they support? 102) What role do you feel globalization plays in our current environmental problems? Discuss the positive and negative attributes globalization brings to the issue of pollution. Finally, construct a contemporary plan for addressing environmental pollution that includes economic, cultural, and ecological concerns. 103) Discuss the impact of economic stress on environmental issues.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 18 Social Change in the Global Community 1) Which of the following is a theory of collective behavior? A) world systems theory B) value-added perspective C) evolutionary theory D) relative deprivation Answer: B Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) According the emergent-norm perspective, the definition of which behaviors are appropriate comes from A) the leadership. B) general societal norms. C) pre-established rules and regulations. D) the crowd. Answer: D Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) According to sociologist Neil Smelser's value-added model, what actually triggers collective behavior? A) structural conduciveness B) mobilization for action C) a precipitating factor D) structural strain Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) What sociologist outlined six important determinants of collective behavior in his valuedadded model? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim Answer: A Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 5) What perspective of collective behavior seeks to examine how people come together to undertake collective action? A) emergent-norm perspective B) value-added perspective C) assembling perspective D) evolutionary perspective Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which individual, likely the most prolific researcher of collective behavior in the last four decades, introduced the concept of the assembling process? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

7) Which of the following is an example of a crowd? A) spectators at a football game B) rioters C) viewers of a symphony orchestra D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) While walking through the mall, Joe witnessed a large group of what seemed like regular shoppers simultaneously drop their bags and perform a synchronized dance, after which each person picked up his or her belongings and walked off like nothing had happened. Joe witnessed A) a flash mob. B) crowdsourcing. C) a craze. D) a social movement. Answer: A Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) As opposed to fads, fashions A) are generally short-lived. B) tend to be viewed with amusement. C) may reflect status and wealth. D) spring up independently of preceding trends. Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Elementary school students across the country making bracelets with small rubber loops is an example of a A) fashion. B) craze. C) fad. D) panic. Answer: D Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) A ________ is an exciting mass involvement that lasts for a relatively long period. A) fad B) craze C) fashion D) panic Answer: B Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) The key distinction between panics and crazes is that crazes are ________ something and panics are ________ something. A) flights from; movements toward B) movements into; movements out of C) movements out of; movements into D) movements toward; flights from Answer: D Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which of the following statements about rumors is accurate? A) Workplace rumors about what is or may be happening are usually highly accurate. B) Rumors are detrimental because they cause people to doubt a shared belief. C) Rumors make it difficult for people to cope with change. D) Rumors often reinforce people's faith in the mass media. Answer: A Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) What do you need in order to have public opinion? A) the public B) a decision maker C) both the public and a decision maker D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society? A) social movements B) social groups C) power movements D) pressure groups Answer: A Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Which term refers to the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization Answer: A Topic: Social movements; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) Which of the following illustrates relative deprivation? A) a group of sweatshop workers who are incapable of buying adequate food for their families B) residents of a squatter settlement in Nigeria who are incapable of affording adequate housing and plumbing C) middle-management workers in a corporation who are discontented because they cannot afford the luxury cars or expensive homes that their bosses have D) wealthy, upper-class individuals, who are content with what they have Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization Answer: D Topic: Social movements; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) False consciousness is A) Marx's concept for actions that do not reflect the objective position of workers. B) Parsons's concept for a state of euphoria when stability is achieved. C) Marx's term for attitudes that do not reflect the objective position of workers. D) Leary's term for a false sense of self that is drug-induced. Answer: C Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) The minimum wage cooks of a successful restaurant refuse to join the wait staff in a strike to improve wages. The cooks feel they are being paid well enough, even though the restaurant owner made $2 million in profit last year. This situation would exemplify which of Karl Marx's concepts? A) class consciousness B) false consciousness C) dialectical change D) proletariat Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Which sociological perspective would likely stress how social movements should require leaders to sharpen the awareness of the oppressed, who may suffer from false consciousness? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: B Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

22) Which sociological perspective would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 23) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to study the bestowal of status that activists assume in their new social roles created through social movements? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 24) Which of the following is true regarding women, social movements, and our society? A) Women and men have held equal status within social movements. B) Women tend to hold more positions of leadership in social movements. C) Women tend to find it more difficult to assume a leadership role than men. D) Women typically do not wish to participate in most social movements. Answer: C Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) Which sociological perspective would likely be interested in the labels attached to activists associated with social movements, such as a feminist student referred to as a "bra burner"? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 26) Organized collective activities that address values and social identities as well as improvements in quality of life are called A) social movements. B) new social movements. C) false consciousness. D) resource mobilization. Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27) New social movements A) emphasize resource mobilization on a local level. B) generally do not view government as their ally. C) tend to emphasize economic issues. D) have their roots in social class, usually working-class, activism. Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Which sociological perspective would likely suggest that members of new social movements tend to mobilize as they reject statements made by established authority figures, including scientists and technical authorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: B Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 29) Electronic communication can aid new social movements A) by strengthening a group's solidarity. B) through conveyance of leadership. C) by reducing rumors. D) by mobilizing the masses. Answer: A Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) Which of the following statements pertaining to computer-mediated communication is true? A) The term applies to a variety of text-based or video interactions. B) It weakens a group's solidarity. C) Face-to-face contact is still crucial to social movements. D) They impeded the growth of social movements. Answer: A Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

31) Social change has been defined as A) a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B) a view of society as tending toward instability. C) significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture. D) society moving in several different directions at the same time. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) Which theory of social change holds that society is moving in a definite direction? A) multilinear evolutionary theory B) evolutionary theory C) biosocial change theory D) dichotomous change theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 33) Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A) mythology to scientific method. B) scientific method to mythology. C) religion to mythology. D) monarchy to democracy. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A) simple to sophisticated. B) non-cultured to cultured. C) simple to complex. D) nonliterate to literate. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 35) The expectation that African and Latin countries will change by moving in the same direction as Western societies is consistent with A) disengagement theory. B) evolutionary theory. C) world systems theory. D) resource mobilization theory. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 36) Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A) anarchy. B) goal displacement. C) equilibrium. D) relative deprivation. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending toward a state of stability or balance is known as A) the emergent-norm perspective. B) resource mobilization theory. C) stagnancy theory. D) the equilibrium model. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 38) Which sociological perspective argues that when changes occur in one part of a society, there must be adjustments in other parts, and if these adjustments do not occur, the society's equilibrium may be threatened? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

39) The role of women in the family has changed dramatically within the United States during the past 50 years. Women have furthered their education and developed careers. This change in the family has necessitated adaptive changes in school systems, corporations, churches, and other facets of society to provide childcare services. This situation reflects which view of social change? A) the emergent-norm perspective B) the equilibrium model C) stagnancy theory D) resource mobilization theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 40) Which concept does Talcott Parsons use to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) Which term does Talcott Parsons use to characterize the feature of social change that involves social institutions becoming more specialized in their purposes? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

42) A person needing to have his or her car repaired can go to a muffler store, a transmission shop, a tire retailer, or a gas station for a tune-up. Talcott Parsons refers to this type of specialization as A) inclusion. B) exclusion. C) differentiation. D) adaptive upgrading. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 43) The practice of colleges admitting more ethnic minorities and women, under Talcott Parsons's model, is called A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 44) In Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model, the incorporation of groups that were previously excluded because of their race, ethnicity, and social class is known as A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

45) Talcott Parsons contends that societies experience value ________, the development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities. A) differentiation B) adaptation C) inclusion D) generalization Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 46) Which sociological perspective is likely to criticize the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dialectical perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 47) The Marxist view of social change is appealing to some because it A) permits people to take a passive role in responding to inevitable cycles or changes in material culture. B) permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice. C) always leads to a reduction in social inequality. D) both permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice and always leads to a reduction in social inequality. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

48) Which of these statements about social change is true? A) Social change is always good. B) People who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as whole. C) Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change. D) Social change is not often frightening. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 49) A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights. This group would be an illustration of A) Gemeinschaft. B) technocrats. C) vested interests. D) bear liberals. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 50) If the U.S. Congress passed strict anti-cigarette laws that banned their sale anywhere in the country, it would create serious problems for cigarette manufacturers, retailers, tobacco growers, tobacco farm workers, truckers, and many other employees in the cigarette industry. Each of these groups would probably oppose this legislation because they are examples of A) culture lag. B) nonmaterial culture. C) luddite. D) vested interests. Answer: D Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

51) Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called A) vested interests. B) apartheids. C) luddites. D) technocrats. Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 52) Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique, and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture? A) William Ogburn B) Talcott Parsons C) Sherry Turkle D) Thorstein Veblen Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 53) Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? A) cultural relativism B) culture lag C) culture shock D) cultural integration Answer: B Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

54) Large families are no longer economically necessary, nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms, but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size. This illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) cultural relativity. D) culture lag. Answer: D Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 55) Which of the following is an example of material culture? A) technology B) ideas C) norms D) communications Answer: A Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 56) Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture? A) inventions B) artifacts C) ideas D) technology Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

57) Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) culture lag. D) cultural adaptation. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 58) Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true? A) Some people were resistant to the technological and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. B) The Luddites were very successful in their efforts to sabotage the Industrial Revolution. C) There is no contemporary equivalent to the Luddites. D) Wages rose uniformly during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: A Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 59) Which of these historical events or phenomena led to the emergence of the Luddites? A) the Industrial Revolution B) the computer revolution C) socialism D) the civil rights movement Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

60) Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as A) Shakers. B) Luddites. C) Amish. D) Rappites. Answer: B Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 61) Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred A) during the Industrial Revolution. B) in postindustrial society. C) during the postmodern revolution. D) after the American revolution. Answer: B Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 62) Neo-Luddites A) destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution, when they raided factories at night. B) have questioned the incessant expansion of industrialization. C) were early supporters of Marxism. D) both destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution and were supporters of Marxism. Answer: B Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

63) Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life? A) Luddite B) Neo-Luddite C) Urban Amish D) Neo-Amish Answer: C Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 64) Which term refers to cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires? A) invention B) society C) technology D) government Answer: C Topic: Technology; Resistance to social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 65) Maureen Hallinan, former president of the American Sociological Association, has been critical of the ________ of social change. A) evolutionary theory B) equilibrium model C) chaos theory D) evolutionary theory and equilibrium model Answer: D Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

66) One key feature of current consumer technologies is that they A) are increasingly manufactured in Canada. B) last a lot longer. C) require more frequent upgrading. D) are less accessible to the middle class. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 67) The diffusion of digital technologies into nearly every workplace, remaking the economy and the world of work is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. Answer: D Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 68) The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

69) Consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis, peripheral nations connecting to the Internet are required to depend on industrial giants such as North America and Europe to provide A) cellular connections. B) Internet hosts. C) masters. D) biomechanics. Answer: B Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 70) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, passed in 1986, requires the authorization of both the U.S. attorney general and a federal judge before surveillance of A) email. B) faxes. C) telephone calls. D) telegrams. Answer: C Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 71) The Patriot Act allows federal officials more latitude in A) gathering electronic data, like banking records. B) photographing suspects. C) monitoring the voting patterns of criminal suspects. D) videotaping suspects who are being interrogated. Answer: A Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

72) Which sociological perspective would suggest that the Internet serves the manifest function of facilitating communication? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 73) Which sociological perspective suggests that censorship is an ever-present danger that society's most powerful groups will use to invade the privacy of the less powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 74) A new technology meant to increase food production and to make agriculture more economical is called A) genetically modified food. B) cloned food. C) techno produce. D) biotech dietary supplements. Answer: A Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

75) Genetically modified food is referred to as ________ by its critics. A) Frankenfood B) Frankenstein's crops C) techno-friendly food D) Frankoglop Answer: A Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 76) Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with their societies of settlement are known as A) transnationals. B) transglobals. C) international citizens. D) global citizens. Answer: A Topic: Transnationals Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 77) Which sociological perspective views transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) world systems theory Answer: A Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

78) Which sociological perspective views transnational migration as having increased the economic gulf between developed and developing nations? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) modernization theory Answer: B Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 79) The value-added model suggests that new forms of behavior may emerge during an episode of collective behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 80) A sociologist who is concerned with how and why people move from different points in space to a common location takes the emergent-norm perspective of collective behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 81) Fads are temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

82) Publics are the most individualized and least organized form of collective behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 83) The success of a movement for change will depend in good part on what resources it has and how effectively it mobilizes them. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social movements; Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 84) Educated, middle-class people are underrepresented in some of these new social movements. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 85) The macro-level approach has proved useful in studying the women's movement in South Korea. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 86) Computer-mediated communication is difficult to monitor. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

87) The significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture is referred to as social change. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 88) Websites are not autonomous and independent; they are interconnected. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 89) Social theorists seeking an analogy to Darwin's biological model originated evolutionary theory, which views society as moving in a definite direction. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 90) Explaining social change is clearly a challenge in the diverse and complex world we inhabit today. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

91) The transition from medicine man to physician, nurse, and pharmacist is an illustration of adaptive upgrading in the field of health. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 92) Karl Marx suggested human society will move toward the final stage of a classless society through a socialist revolution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 93) The term vested interests refers to those people or groups who will profit in the event of social change. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 94) Many sociologists believe that we are living in a postindustrial society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 95) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

96) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 97) The treatment of immigrant laborers in Dubai is a significant social problem. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social change; Immigration Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 98) Dubai is considered a democratic utopia. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change; Immigration Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 99) Core nations like the United States and Europe have a virtual monopoly on information technology. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 100) The affluent have a greater chance of using the Internet than those who are not affluent. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

101) Most of the Internet users in the world live in Latin America. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 102) Young people who have grown up browsing the Internet seem to accept the existence of "cookies" and "spyware" they may pick up while surfing. Answer: TRUE Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 103) Interactionists take a generally positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest function of facilitating communication. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology; Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 104) Genetically modified food is referred to as Frankenfood by critics of technologically engineered food products. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 105) One notable success of biotechnology has been progress in the treatment of traumatic injuries. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

106) Functionalists see the free flow of immigrants, even when it is legally restricted, as one way for economies to maximize their use of human labor. Answer: TRUE Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 107) Transnationals do not participate in social movements. Answer: FALSE Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 108) What are the sociological theories of collective behavior? How do these approaches to collective behavior help us understand relatively spontaneous and unstructured situations? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 109) Describe the various forms of collective behavior and give an example of each. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 110) Identify the differences and similarities between fads and fashions and panics and crazes. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

111) Compare and contrast the relative deprivation approach and the resource mobilization approach. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 112) Discuss new social movements. Provide one to two examples of what is considered a new social movement today. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 113) Discuss the impact of computer-mediated communication on social movements. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 114) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the functionalist view of social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 115) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the conflict view of social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary, functionalist, and conflict theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

116) Apply the term vested interests to contemporary society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 117) Discuss the various factors that influence resistance to social change and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 118) Discuss the complex issue of "NIMBY." How do we balance the desires of individuals with the needs of our larger society? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 119) Discuss social change in Dubai. Could the social problems have been anticipated? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 120) Describe the influence technology has on social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

121) Explain artificial intelligence and the impact that it could have on social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 122) Discuss the concerns surrounding one's right to privacy on the Internet. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 123) Discuss the pros and cons of genetically modified foods and whether you feel we can ever "cross the line" regarding genetic manipulation and our food supply. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 124) Discuss the issues involved with transnationals. Explain the different sociological perspectives on the matter. Also, explain whether you would become a transnational if you were in the same position. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Chapter 18 Social Change in the Global Community 1) Which of the following is a theory of collective behavior? A) world systems theory B) value-added perspective C) evolutionary theory D) relative deprivation 2) According the emergent-norm perspective, the definition of which behaviors are appropriate comes from A) the leadership. B) general societal norms. C) pre-established rules and regulations. D) the crowd. 3) According to sociologist Neil Smelser's value-added model, what actually triggers collective behavior? A) structural conduciveness B) mobilization for action C) a precipitating factor D) structural strain 4) What sociologist outlined six important determinants of collective behavior in his valuedadded model? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim 5) What perspective of collective behavior seeks to examine how people come together to undertake collective action? A) emergent-norm perspective B) value-added perspective C) assembling perspective D) evolutionary perspective 6) Which individual, likely the most prolific researcher of collective behavior in the last four decades, introduced the concept of the assembling process? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim

7) Which of the following is an example of a crowd? A) spectators at a football game B) rioters C) viewers of a symphony orchestra D) All of these answers are correct. 8) While walking through the mall, Joe witnessed a large group of what seemed like regular shoppers simultaneously drop their bags and perform a synchronized dance, after which each person picked up his or her belongings and walked off like nothing had happened. Joe witnessed A) a flash mob. B) crowdsourcing. C) a craze. D) a social movement. 9) As opposed to fads, fashions A) are generally short-lived. B) tend to be viewed with amusement. C) may reflect status and wealth. D) spring up independently of preceding trends. 10) Elementary school students across the country making bracelets with small rubber loops is an example of a A) fashion. B) craze. C) fad. D) panic. 11) A ________ is an exciting mass involvement that lasts for a relatively long period. A) fad B) craze C) fashion D) panic 12) The key distinction between panics and crazes is that crazes are ________ something and panics are ________ something. A) flights from; movements toward B) movements into; movements out of C) movements out of; movements into D) movements toward; flights from 13) Which of the following statements about rumors is accurate? A) Workplace rumors about what is or may be happening are usually highly accurate. B) Rumors are detrimental because they cause people to doubt a shared belief. C) Rumors make it difficult for people to cope with change. D) Rumors often reinforce people's faith in the mass media.

14) What do you need in order to have public opinion? A) the public B) a decision maker C) both the public and a decision maker D) None of these answers is correct. 15) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society? A) social movements B) social groups C) power movements D) pressure groups 16) Which term refers to the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization 17) Which of the following illustrates relative deprivation? A) a group of sweatshop workers who are incapable of buying adequate food for their families B) residents of a squatter settlement in Nigeria who are incapable of affording adequate housing and plumbing C) middle-management workers in a corporation who are discontented because they cannot afford the luxury cars or expensive homes that their bosses have D) wealthy, upper-class individuals, who are content with what they have 18) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization 19) False consciousness is A) Marx's concept for actions that do not reflect the objective position of workers. B) Parsons's concept for a state of euphoria when stability is achieved. C) Marx's term for attitudes that do not reflect the objective position of workers. D) Leary's term for a false sense of self that is drug-induced.

20) The minimum wage cooks of a successful restaurant refuse to join the wait staff in a strike to improve wages. The cooks feel they are being paid well enough, even though the restaurant owner made $2 million in profit last year. This situation would exemplify which of Karl Marx's concepts? A) class consciousness B) false consciousness C) dialectical change D) proletariat 21) Which sociological perspective would likely stress how social movements should require leaders to sharpen the awareness of the oppressed, who may suffer from false consciousness? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 22) Which sociological perspective would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 23) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to study the bestowal of status that activists assume in their new social roles created through social movements? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 24) Which of the following is true regarding women, social movements, and our society? A) Women and men have held equal status within social movements. B) Women tend to hold more positions of leadership in social movements. C) Women tend to find it more difficult to assume a leadership role than men. D) Women typically do not wish to participate in most social movements. 25) Which sociological perspective would likely be interested in the labels attached to activists associated with social movements, such as a feminist student referred to as a "bra burner"? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective

26) Organized collective activities that address values and social identities as well as improvements in quality of life are called A) social movements. B) new social movements. C) false consciousness. D) resource mobilization. 27) New social movements A) emphasize resource mobilization on a local level. B) generally do not view government as their ally. C) tend to emphasize economic issues. D) have their roots in social class, usually working-class, activism. 28) Which sociological perspective would likely suggest that members of new social movements tend to mobilize as they reject statements made by established authority figures, including scientists and technical authorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 29) Electronic communication can aid new social movements A) by strengthening a group's solidarity. B) through conveyance of leadership. C) by reducing rumors. D) by mobilizing the masses. 30) Which of the following statements pertaining to computer-mediated communication is true? A) The term applies to a variety of text-based or video interactions. B) It weakens a group's solidarity. C) Face-to-face contact is still crucial to social movements. D) They impeded the growth of social movements. 31) Social change has been defined as A) a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B) a view of society as tending toward instability. C) significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture. D) society moving in several different directions at the same time. 32) Which theory of social change holds that society is moving in a definite direction? A) multilinear evolutionary theory B) evolutionary theory C) biosocial change theory D) dichotomous change theory

33) Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A) mythology to scientific method. B) scientific method to mythology. C) religion to mythology. D) monarchy to democracy. 34) Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A) simple to sophisticated. B) non-cultured to cultured. C) simple to complex. D) nonliterate to literate. 35) The expectation that African and Latin countries will change by moving in the same direction as Western societies is consistent with A) disengagement theory. B) evolutionary theory. C) world systems theory. D) resource mobilization theory. 36) Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A) anarchy. B) goal displacement. C) equilibrium. D) relative deprivation. 37) Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending toward a state of stability or balance is known as A) the emergent-norm perspective. B) resource mobilization theory. C) stagnancy theory. D) the equilibrium model. 38) Which sociological perspective argues that when changes occur in one part of a society, there must be adjustments in other parts, and if these adjustments do not occur, the society's equilibrium may be threatened? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

39) The role of women in the family has changed dramatically within the United States during the past 50 years. Women have furthered their education and developed careers. This change in the family has necessitated adaptive changes in school systems, corporations, churches, and other facets of society to provide childcare services. This situation reflects which view of social change? A) the emergent-norm perspective B) the equilibrium model C) stagnancy theory D) resource mobilization theory 40) Which concept does Talcott Parsons use to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization 41) Which term does Talcott Parsons use to characterize the feature of social change that involves social institutions becoming more specialized in their purposes? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization 42) A person needing to have his or her car repaired can go to a muffler store, a transmission shop, a tire retailer, or a gas station for a tune-up. Talcott Parsons refers to this type of specialization as A) inclusion. B) exclusion. C) differentiation. D) adaptive upgrading. 43) The practice of colleges admitting more ethnic minorities and women, under Talcott Parsons's model, is called A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. 44) In Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model, the incorporation of groups that were previously excluded because of their race, ethnicity, and social class is known as A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization.

45) Talcott Parsons contends that societies experience value ________, the development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities. A) differentiation B) adaptation C) inclusion D) generalization 46) Which sociological perspective is likely to criticize the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dialectical perspective 47) The Marxist view of social change is appealing to some because it A) permits people to take a passive role in responding to inevitable cycles or changes in material culture. B) permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice. C) always leads to a reduction in social inequality. D) both permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice and always leads to a reduction in social inequality. 48) Which of these statements about social change is true? A) Social change is always good. B) People who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as whole. C) Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change. D) Social change is not often frightening. 49) A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights. This group would be an illustration of A) Gemeinschaft. B) technocrats. C) vested interests. D) bear liberals. 50) If the U.S. Congress passed strict anti-cigarette laws that banned their sale anywhere in the country, it would create serious problems for cigarette manufacturers, retailers, tobacco growers, tobacco farm workers, truckers, and many other employees in the cigarette industry. Each of these groups would probably oppose this legislation because they are examples of A) culture lag. B) nonmaterial culture. C) luddite. D) vested interests.

51) Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called A) vested interests. B) apartheids. C) luddites. D) technocrats. 52) Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique, and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture? A) William Ogburn B) Talcott Parsons C) Sherry Turkle D) Thorstein Veblen 53) Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? A) cultural relativism B) culture lag C) culture shock D) cultural integration 54) Large families are no longer economically necessary, nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms, but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size. This illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) cultural relativity. D) culture lag. 55) Which of the following is an example of material culture? A) technology B) ideas C) norms D) communications 56) Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture? A) inventions B) artifacts C) ideas D) technology

57) Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) culture lag. D) cultural adaptation. 58) Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true? A) Some people were resistant to the technological and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. B) The Luddites were very successful in their efforts to sabotage the Industrial Revolution. C) There is no contemporary equivalent to the Luddites. D) Wages rose uniformly during the Industrial Revolution. 59) Which of these historical events or phenomena led to the emergence of the Luddites? A) the Industrial Revolution B) the computer revolution C) socialism D) the civil rights movement 60) Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as A) Shakers. B) Luddites. C) Amish. D) Rappites. 61) Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred A) during the Industrial Revolution. B) in postindustrial society. C) during the postmodern revolution. D) after the American revolution. 62) Neo-Luddites A) destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution, when they raided factories at night. B) have questioned the incessant expansion of industrialization. C) were early supporters of Marxism. D) both destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution and were supporters of Marxism.

63) Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life? A) Luddite B) Neo-Luddite C) Urban Amish D) Neo-Amish 64) Which term refers to cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires? A) invention B) society C) technology D) government 65) Maureen Hallinan, former president of the American Sociological Association, has been critical of the ________ of social change. A) evolutionary theory B) equilibrium model C) chaos theory D) evolutionary theory and equilibrium model 66) One key feature of current consumer technologies is that they A) are increasingly manufactured in Canada. B) last a lot longer. C) require more frequent upgrading. D) are less accessible to the middle class. 67) The diffusion of digital technologies into nearly every workplace, remaking the economy and the world of work is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. 68) The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization.

69) Consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis, peripheral nations connecting to the Internet are required to depend on industrial giants such as North America and Europe to provide A) cellular connections. B) Internet hosts. C) masters. D) biomechanics. 70) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, passed in 1986, requires the authorization of both the U.S. attorney general and a federal judge before surveillance of A) email. B) faxes. C) telephone calls. D) telegrams. 71) The Patriot Act allows federal officials more latitude in A) gathering electronic data, like banking records. B) photographing suspects. C) monitoring the voting patterns of criminal suspects. D) videotaping suspects who are being interrogated. 72) Which sociological perspective would suggest that the Internet serves the manifest function of facilitating communication? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective 73) Which sociological perspective suggests that censorship is an ever-present danger that society's most powerful groups will use to invade the privacy of the less powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective 74) A new technology meant to increase food production and to make agriculture more economical is called A) genetically modified food. B) cloned food. C) techno produce. D) biotech dietary supplements. 75) Genetically modified food is referred to as ________ by its critics. A) Frankenfood B) Frankenstein's crops C) techno-friendly food D) Frankoglop 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

76) Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with their societies of settlement are known as A) transnationals. B) transglobals. C) international citizens. D) global citizens. 77) Which sociological perspective views transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) world systems theory 78) Which sociological perspective views transnational migration as having increased the economic gulf between developed and developing nations? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) modernization theory 79) The value-added model suggests that new forms of behavior may emerge during an episode of collective behavior. 80) A sociologist who is concerned with how and why people move from different points in space to a common location takes the emergent-norm perspective of collective behavior. 81) Fads are temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people. 82) Publics are the most individualized and least organized form of collective behavior. 83) The success of a movement for change will depend in good part on what resources it has and how effectively it mobilizes them. 84) Educated, middle-class people are underrepresented in some of these new social movements. 85) The macro-level approach has proved useful in studying the women's movement in South Korea. 86) Computer-mediated communication is difficult to monitor. 87) The significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture is referred to as social change. 88) Websites are not autonomous and independent; they are interconnected. 13 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

89) Social theorists seeking an analogy to Darwin's biological model originated evolutionary theory, which views society as moving in a definite direction. 90) Explaining social change is clearly a challenge in the diverse and complex world we inhabit today. 91) The transition from medicine man to physician, nurse, and pharmacist is an illustration of adaptive upgrading in the field of health. 92) Karl Marx suggested human society will move toward the final stage of a classless society through a socialist revolution. 93) The term vested interests refers to those people or groups who will profit in the event of social change. 94) Many sociologists believe that we are living in a postindustrial society. 95) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. 96) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. 97) The treatment of immigrant laborers in Dubai is a significant social problem. 98) Dubai is considered a democratic utopia. 99) Core nations like the United States and Europe have a virtual monopoly on information technology. 100) The affluent have a greater chance of using the Internet than those who are not affluent. 101) Most of the Internet users in the world live in Latin America. 102) Young people who have grown up browsing the Internet seem to accept the existence of "cookies" and "spyware" they may pick up while surfing. 103) Interactionists take a generally positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest function of facilitating communication. 104) Genetically modified food is referred to as Frankenfood by critics of technologically engineered food products. 105) One notable success of biotechnology has been progress in the treatment of traumatic injuries.

106) Functionalists see the free flow of immigrants, even when it is legally restricted, as one way for economies to maximize their use of human labor. 107) Transnationals do not participate in social movements. 108) What are the sociological theories of collective behavior? How do these approaches to collective behavior help us understand relatively spontaneous and unstructured situations? 109) Describe the various forms of collective behavior and give an example of each. 110) Identify the differences and similarities between fads and fashions and panics and crazes. 111) Compare and contrast the relative deprivation approach and the resource mobilization approach. 112) Discuss new social movements. Provide one to two examples of what is considered a new social movement today. 113) Discuss the impact of computer-mediated communication on social movements. 114) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the functionalist view of social change. 115) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the conflict view of social change. 116) Apply the term vested interests to contemporary society. 117) Discuss the various factors that influence resistance to social change and give examples to support your answer. 118) Discuss the complex issue of "NIMBY." How do we balance the desires of individuals with the needs of our larger society? 119) Discuss social change in Dubai. Could the social problems have been anticipated? 120) Describe the influence technology has on social change. 121) Explain artificial intelligence and the impact that it could have on social change. 122) Discuss the concerns surrounding one's right to privacy on the Internet. 123) Discuss the pros and cons of genetically modified foods and whether you feel we can ever "cross the line" regarding genetic manipulation and our food supply. 124) Discuss the issues involved with transnationals. Explain the different sociological perspectives on the matter. Also, explain whether you would become a transnational if you were in the same position. 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 01 What Is Sociology? 1) The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called A) the sociological imagination. B) anthropology. C) a theory. D) verstehen. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's A) cultural capital. B) conflict perspective. C) double consciousness. D) sociological imagination. Answer: D Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society A) from the perspective of personal experience. B) from the perspective of cultural biases. C) as an outsider. D) as an insider. Answer: C Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

16) Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of A) suicide. B) abortion. C) soccer. D) crowd control. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 17) Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and the study of individual personality differences. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) A sociologist who develops theories based of their experiences and conversations is using common sense, rather than scientific analysis, to formulate those theories. Answer: TRUE Topic: Common sense Learning Objective: Distinguish sociology from common sense knowledge about society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) A key element of sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society from the perspective of personal experiences and cultural biases. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) The most effective sociological theories tend to have both explanatory and predictive power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Theories are attempts to explain events, forces, materials, ideas, or behavior in a comprehensive manner. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain the characteristics of sociological theory. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term sociological imagination. Provide an example of how you would apply the tool. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Explain the sociological imagination and the characteristics of sociology as a discipline. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly accepted views. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Common sense Learning Objective: Distinguish sociology from common sense knowledge about society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 01 What Is Sociology? 1) The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called A) the sociological imagination. B) anthropology. C) a theory. D) verstehen. 2) Trying to understand why your roommate prefers a certain genre of music, over others, is an example of using one's A) cultural capital. B) conflict perspective. C) double consciousness. D) sociological imagination. 3) A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society A) from the perspective of personal experience. B) from the perspective of cultural biases. C) as an outsider. D) as an insider. 4) C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce A) is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women. B) is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern. C) may create emotional scars for divorcees. D) has been a serious problem throughout history. 5) The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as A) psychology. B) political science. C) anthropology. D) sociology. 6) The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(n) A) theory. B) verstehen. C) science. D) ideal type.

7) Sociology is considered a science because sociologists A) teach at respected universities. B) engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding. C) receive government funding for research projects. D) construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior. 8) Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history are fields within the A) natural sciences. B) social sciences. C) medical sciences. D) humanities. 9) Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behavior and the ways in which people shape society? A) Anthropology B) Economics C) Sociology D) Physics 10) Which social science would be interested in studying individual cases of emotional stress among workers, investors, and business owners? A) History B) Economics C) Sociology D) Psychology 11) A social scientist would be likely to study the A) composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia. B) reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S. C) newest procedure in heart transplant surgery. D) possibility of life on Mars. 12) Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are not A) published. B) reliable. C) politically correct. D) easily disseminated. 13) An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behavior in a comprehensive manner is called a(n) A) science. B) typology. C) theory. D) ideal type.

14) In Émile Durkheim's study of suicide, he related suicide rates to A) personal depression. B) personal stress. C) the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society. D) climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters. 15) Émile Durkheim's explanation of suicide was scientific because he A) developed conclusions based on a systematic examination of data. B) carefully studied the personalities of hundreds of suicide victims. C) worked in a university setting. D) divided suicide into four distinctive categories. 16) Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of A) suicide. B) abortion. C) soccer. D) crowd control. 17) Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and the study of individual personality differences. 18) A sociologist who develops theories based of their experiences and conversations is using common sense, rather than scientific analysis, to formulate those theories. 19) A key element of sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society from the perspective of personal experiences and cultural biases. 20) The most effective sociological theories tend to have both explanatory and predictive power. 21) Theories are attempts to explain events, forces, materials, ideas, or behavior in a comprehensive manner. 22) Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term sociological imagination. Provide an example of how you would apply the tool. 23) Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly accepted views.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 02 The Development of Sociology 1) The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist A) Émile Durkheim. B) Auguste Comte. C) Harriet Martineau. D) Marcel Marceau. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 2) Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems? A) Émile Durkheim B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Talcott Parsons Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 3) Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time? A) Émile Durkheim B) Charles Darwin C) Harriet Martineau D) Herbert Spencer Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Anomie refers to a A) model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. B) loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. C) classification scheme containing two or more categories. D) type of suicide that is based on depression. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by A) Auguste Comte. B) Émile Durkheim. C) Max Weber. D) C. Wright Mills. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was A) verstehen. B) cultural capital. C) anomie. D) social capital. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing A) alienation. B) anomie. C) verstehen. D) globalization techniques. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) An ideal type is a(n) A) body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. B) construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. C) detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. D) initiator of people's attitudes or behavior. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, would form an example of a(n) A) typology. B) ideal type. C) verstehen. D) hypothesis. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must A) ally with capitalists to build a better world. B) try to work toward a return to feudalism. C) overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies. D) ignore all aspects of class divisions. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles…. The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" A) bourgeoisie B) proletarians C) Vulcans D) middle classes Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. A) environmental, economic, and cultural B) social, cultural, and political C) political, environmental, and social D) economic, social, and political Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between A) separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests. B) economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. C) different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests. D) the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? A) Robert Merton B) Jane Addams C) W. E. B. DuBois D) C. Wright Mills Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 15) For W. E. B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice? A) mass protests B) common sense C) knowledge D) surveys Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) W. E. B. DuBois saw the importance of religion to society, and he focused on religion at the A) personal level. B) community level. C) state level. D) national level. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as A) racial fetishism. B) double rejection. C) bipolar racism. D) double consciousness. Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) W. E. B. DuBois developed the concept of A) double consciousness. B) racial fetishism. C) double rejection. D) bipolar racism. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) In his study of society, Charles Horton Cooley focused on A) class issues. B) divorce. C) intimate, face-to-face groups. D) suicide. Answer: C Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 20) Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as A) settlement houses. B) communes. C) collective homes. D) utopian communities. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the 20th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to A) theorizing and gathering information. B) a de-emphasis on the scientific method. C) applied sociology. D) advocacy of civil rights for minorities. Answer: A Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? A) C. Wright Mills B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Robert Merton Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 23) Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital? A) the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks B) knowledge of great American authors C) a close network of extended relatives D) knowledge of Laotian cuisine Answer: B Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) Networks, which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as A) cultural capital. B) latent functions. C) manifest functions. D) social capital. Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as A) microsociology. B) interactionism. C) macrosociology. D) dramaturgy. Answer: C Topic: Macrosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 26) ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. A) Microsociology B) Macrosociology C) Middle-range sociology D) Conflict theory Answer: A Topic: Microsociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 27) A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France, is an example of A) alienation. B) anomie. C) microsociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: D Topic: Macrosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

28) A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college. This would be an example of A) conflict theory. B) functionalism. C) macrosociology. D) microsociology. Answer: D Topic: Microsociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 29) ________ embraces the study of formal organizations and social movements. A) Global sociology B) Microsociology C) Macrosociology D) Mesosociology Answer: D Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 30) Studying the impact of the Dakota Access Pipeline on the environment is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: A Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

31) The study and comparison of the cultural norms of two nations is a component of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: D Topic: Mesosociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) The study of international crime rates is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. Answer: D Topic: Global sociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 33) Émile Durkheim's cross-cultural study of suicide falls under the category of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) global sociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: C Topic: Global sociology Learning Objective: Distinguish macrosociology and microsociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

34) Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and the exploited masses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) In the middle of the 20th century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Knowledge of Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and the works of other celebrated painters would be an example of cultural capital. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Explain what W. E. B. DuBois meant by his term "double consciousness." Does a White person have this consciousness? What consequences would such a consciousness have on "the self"? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Define the concepts social capital and cultural capital. Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does your social and cultural capital differ from that of your friends? How about your classmates? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 02 The Development of Sociology 1) The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist A) Émile Durkheim. B) Auguste Comte. C) Harriet Martineau. D) Marcel Marceau. 2) Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact the economy, laws, trade, and population could have on contemporary social problems? A) Émile Durkheim B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Talcott Parsons 3) Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time? A) Émile Durkheim B) Charles Darwin C) Harriet Martineau D) Herbert Spencer 4) Anomie refers to a A) model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. B) loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. C) classification scheme containing two or more categories. D) type of suicide that is based on depression. 5) The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by A) Auguste Comte. B) Émile Durkheim. C) Max Weber. D) C. Wright Mills. 6) The word(s) that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was A) verstehen. B) cultural capital. C) anomie. D) social capital.

7) A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing A) alienation. B) anomie. C) verstehen. D) globalization techniques. 8) An ideal type is a(n) A) body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation. B) construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated. C) detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically. D) initiator of people's attitudes or behavior. 9) A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, would form an example of a(n) A) typology. B) ideal type. C) verstehen. D) hypothesis. 10) In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must A) ally with capitalists to build a better world. B) try to work toward a return to feudalism. C) overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies. D) ignore all aspects of class divisions. 11) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles…. The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!" A) bourgeoisie B) proletarians C) Vulcans D) middle classes 12) Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. A) environmental, economic, and cultural B) social, cultural, and political C) political, environmental, and social D) economic, social, and political

13) In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between A) separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests. B) economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests. C) different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests. D) the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests. 14) Which of the following sociologists advocated basic research on the lives of Blacks? A) Robert Merton B) Jane Addams C) W. E. B. DuBois D) C. Wright Mills 15) For W. E. B. DuBois, which of the following was considered essential in combating prejudice and achieving tolerance and justice? A) mass protests B) common sense C) knowledge D) surveys 16) W. E. B. DuBois saw the importance of religion to society, and he focused on religion at the A) personal level. B) community level. C) state level. D) national level. 17) The division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities is referred to as A) racial fetishism. B) double rejection. C) bipolar racism. D) double consciousness. 18) W. E. B. DuBois developed the concept of A) double consciousness. B) racial fetishism. C) double rejection. D) bipolar racism. 19) In his study of society, Charles Horton Cooley focused on A) class issues. B) divorce. C) intimate, face-to-face groups. D) suicide.

20) Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as A) settlement houses. B) communes. C) collective homes. D) utopian communities. 21) Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the 20th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to A) theorizing and gathering information. B) a de-emphasis on the scientific method. C) applied sociology. D) advocacy of civil rights for minorities. 22) Which sociologist is especially known for making an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? A) C. Wright Mills B) Jane Addams C) Harriet Martineau D) Robert Merton 23) Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital? A) the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks B) knowledge of great American authors C) a close network of extended relatives D) knowledge of Laotian cuisine 24) Networks, which are built on reciprocal trust are referred to as A) cultural capital. B) latent functions. C) manifest functions. D) social capital. 25) Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as A) microsociology. B) interactionism. C) macrosociology. D) dramaturgy. 26) ________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. A) Microsociology B) Macrosociology C) Middle-range sociology D) Conflict theory

27) A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France, is an example of A) alienation. B) anomie. C) microsociology. D) macrosociology. 28) A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college. This would be an example of A) conflict theory. B) functionalism. C) macrosociology. D) microsociology. 29) ________ embraces the study of formal organizations and social movements. A) Global sociology B) Microsociology C) Macrosociology D) Mesosociology 30) Studying the impact of the Dakota Access Pipeline on the environment is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. 31) The study and comparison of the cultural norms of two nations is a component of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. 32) The study of international crime rates is an example of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) macrosociology. D) global sociology. 33) Émile Durkheim's cross-cultural study of suicide falls under the category of A) mesosociology. B) microsociology. C) global sociology. D) macrosociology.

34) Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and the exploited masses. 35) In the middle of the 20th century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. 36) Having a grandmother who sits on the board of trustees for your college and helps you gain entrance is an example of social capital. 37) Knowledge of Van Gogh, Rembrandt, and the works of other celebrated painters would be an example of cultural capital. 38) One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. 39) Explain what W. E. B. DuBois meant by his term "double consciousness." Does a White person have this consciousness? What consequences would such a consciousness have on "the self"? 40) Define the concepts social capital and cultural capital. Then, perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far. How does your social and cultural capital differ from that of your friends? How about your classmates?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 03 Major Theoretical Perspectives 1) Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? A) Karl Marx B) Erving Goffman C) Max Weber D) Talcott Parsons Answer: D Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 2) Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 3) An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution is referred to as A) manifest. B) conflict. C) dysfunction. D) latent. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 5) According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life would be passed on from one generation to the next if it A) can be used by one group to subjugate another group. B) enhances impression management. C) promotes value consensus among members of a society. D) is dysfunctional. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? A) They are a place to meet future husbands or wives. B) They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively. C) They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S. D) They prepare students for post-college careers. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

7) In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) The state of Ohio has a dwindling population. In an effort to increase the birthrate in the state, it offers a $5,000 bonus to all families giving birth in the state for the next three years. Which of the following is the latent function? A) an increase in the birth rate for the state of Ohio B) an increase in the population in the state of Ohio C) an increase in the need for teachers as a result of more children in the Ohio educational system D) an increase in the state's budget deficit due to the number of bonuses distributed to families Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) Which sociological perspectives are most concerned with macro-level analysis? A) functionalist and interactionist perspectives B) global and interactionist perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) functionalist and conflict perspectives Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) A sociologist who studies the unequal economic reality between men and women would probably be following which of the following perspectives? A) functionalism B) interactionism C) conflict D) globalism Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 11) An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) dysfunction. D) conflict function. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This could be considered an example of a A) dysfunction of families. B) latent function of families. C) manifest function of families. D) proactive function of families. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 15) How institutions, such as the government, may help to maintain the privileges of some groups is a topic of interest for A) globalization theorists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionist theorists. D) functionalist theorists. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) Which sociologist explored what it meant to be female and Black living in the U.S.? A) Jane Addams B) Ida Wells-Barnett C) Harriet Martineau D) Sherry Turkle Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 18) Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation. A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 20) Theorist Eve Sedgwick (1990) argues that any analysis of society is incomplete if it does not include A) both macro- and micro-level views of the subject of study. B) a consideration of the patriarchal nature of government and business management systems. C) the spectrum of sexual identities that people embrace. D) comprehensive data on the common symbology that the society has adopted. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) ________ is a sociological framework in which human beings are viewed as living in a world of meaningful objects. A) Functionalism B) Globalism C) Interactionalism D) Feminism Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 24) Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? A) C. Wright Mills B) George Herbert Mead C) Charles Horton Cooley D) Erving Goffman Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

25) Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 26) Which sociological perspective would view sports as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of athletes? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 27) Which sociological perspective would view sports as serving as a safety valve for both participants and spectators, allowing them to shed tension and aggressive energy in a socially acceptable way? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

28) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's physical well-being? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 29) The view that sports serve as an "opiate" for social injustices and distract people from focusing on the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by A) functionalists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionists. D) global sociologists. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 30) Which sociological perspective would suggest that sports participants may work together harmoniously and abandon previously held stereotypes and prejudices despite class, racial, and religious differences? A) functionalist perspective B) queer theory C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

31) Which sociological perspective would highlight the reluctance among professional athletes to display any sexual identity other than heterosexuality in public? A) interactionist perspective B) queer theory C) feminist perspective D) functionalist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 32) The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power is most consistent with the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) All sociologists view the world as a stable and ongoing entity. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) The conflict perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) The conflict perspective considers how laws reinforce the position of those in power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Identify a social change that has both manifest and latent functions. List and explain the manifest and latent functions that resulted. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Summarize the contributions of Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, and W. E. B. DuBois to the field of sociology. Be sure to note any theoretical differences they may have with one another. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociologists Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of the major figures in the history of sociology from Auguste Comte onward. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Describe the similarities and differences between conflict theory and the feminist perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Describe how queer theory has challenged some long-standing assumptions about the nature of sexual identity and the ways in which it is understood or referenced at the macro level of society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Explain the similarities and differences among the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macro-level or a micro-level of analysis. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics of each of the three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 03 Major Theoretical Perspectives 1) Which sociologist saw society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole? A) Karl Marx B) Erving Goffman C) Max Weber D) Talcott Parsons 2) Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 3) An unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution is referred to as A) manifest. B) conflict. C) dysfunction. D) latent. 4) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of big-city political machines suggests that these political organizations satisfy certain basic social needs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 5) According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life would be passed on from one generation to the next if it A) can be used by one group to subjugate another group. B) enhances impression management. C) promotes value consensus among members of a society. D) is dysfunctional. 6) Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? A) They are a place to meet future husbands or wives. B) They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively. C) They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S. D) They prepare students for post-college careers.

7) In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 8) The state of Ohio has a dwindling population. In an effort to increase the birthrate in the state, it offers a $5,000 bonus to all families giving birth in the state for the next three years. Which of the following is the latent function? A) an increase in the birth rate for the state of Ohio B) an increase in the population in the state of Ohio C) an increase in the need for teachers as a result of more children in the Ohio educational system D) an increase in the state's budget deficit due to the number of bonuses distributed to families 9) Which sociological perspectives are most concerned with macro-level analysis? A) functionalist and interactionist perspectives B) global and interactionist perspectives C) interactionist and conflict perspectives D) functionalist and conflict perspectives 10) A sociologist who studies the unequal economic reality between men and women would probably be following which of the following perspectives? A) functionalism B) interactionism C) conflict D) globalism 11) An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a A) latent function. B) manifest function. C) dysfunction. D) conflict function. 12) Children who experience divorce in their family are more likely to experience divorce themselves when they are adults. This could be considered an example of a A) dysfunction of families. B) latent function of families. C) manifest function of families. D) proactive function of families.

13) Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 14) Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 15) How institutions, such as the government, may help to maintain the privileges of some groups is a topic of interest for A) globalization theorists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionist theorists. D) functionalist theorists. 16) Which sociological approach focuses on the macro level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behavior and organization? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 17) Which sociologist explored what it meant to be female and Black living in the U.S.? A) Jane Addams B) Ida Wells-Barnett C) Harriet Martineau D) Sherry Turkle 18) Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 19) Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation. A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) Theorist Eve Sedgwick (1990) argues that any analysis of society is incomplete if it does not include A) both macro- and micro-level views of the subject of study. B) a consideration of the patriarchal nature of government and business management systems. C) the spectrum of sexual identities that people embrace. D) comprehensive data on the common symbology that the society has adopted. 21) Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 22) Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) global 23) ________ is a sociological framework in which human beings are viewed as living in a world of meaningful objects. A) Functionalism B) Globalism C) Interactionalism D) Feminism 24) Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? A) C. Wright Mills B) George Herbert Mead C) Charles Horton Cooley D) Erving Goffman 25) Which sociological approach would view sports as an agent for defining people's social positions as players, coaches, and referees as a result of their performances and reputations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 26) Which sociological perspective would view sports as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of athletes? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) Which sociological perspective would view sports as serving as a safety valve for both participants and spectators, allowing them to shed tension and aggressive energy in a socially acceptable way? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 28) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that sports help to maintain people's physical well-being? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 29) The view that sports serve as an "opiate" for social injustices and distract people from focusing on the reality of personal problems and social issues would most likely be held by A) functionalists. B) conflict theorists. C) interactionists. D) global sociologists. 30) Which sociological perspective would suggest that sports participants may work together harmoniously and abandon previously held stereotypes and prejudices despite class, racial, and religious differences? A) functionalist perspective B) queer theory C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 31) Which sociological perspective would highlight the reluctance among professional athletes to display any sexual identity other than heterosexuality in public? A) interactionist perspective B) queer theory C) feminist perspective D) functionalist perspective 32) The view that laws are set up to assist those who are in positions of power is most consistent with the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. 33) All sociologists view the world as a stable and ongoing entity. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

34) The conflict perspective emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability. 35) The conflict perspective considers how laws reinforce the position of those in power. 36) Identify a social change that has both manifest and latent functions. List and explain the manifest and latent functions that resulted. 37) Summarize the contributions of Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, and W. E. B. DuBois to the field of sociology. Be sure to note any theoretical differences they may have with one another. 38) Describe the similarities and differences between conflict theory and the feminist perspective. 39) Describe how queer theory has challenged some long-standing assumptions about the nature of sexual identity and the ways in which it is understood or referenced at the macro level of society. 40) Explain the similarities and differences among the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macro-level or a micro-level of analysis.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 04 Taking Sociology with You 1) Medical sociology and environmental sociology fall under the discipline of A) basic sociology. B) applied sociology. C) clinical sociology. D) pure sociology. Answer: B Topic: Sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions is known as A) basic sociology. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) macrosociology. Answer: B Topic: Clinical sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) The use of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as A) pure science. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) basic sociology. Answer: C Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) George Herbert Mead served on committees dealing with Chicago's labor problems and public education. His activities fall under the field of A) social inequality. B) applied sociology. C) basic sociology. D) economic inequality. Answer: B Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Which of the following statements is true? A) Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. B) There are no established methods for educating clinical sociologists. C) Applied and clinical sociology are the same. D) Clinical sociology has existed for only the last 20 years. Answer: A Topic: Clinical sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which statement about the international coffee trade is the most accurate? A) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor. B) The Starbucks success story only exists in the U.S. C) Most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. D) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor; and most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today? A) social inequality B) individual inferiority C) genetic influences D) mental disturbance Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as A) social inequality. B) pure sociology. C) applied sociology. D) social psychology. Answer: A Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) The goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems, such as poverty and homelessness. Answer: TRUE Topic: Applied sociology Learning Objective: Describe the objectives of applied sociology and clinical sociology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

11) Discuss why social inequality has become such a dominant theme in the field of sociology today. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) Define and discuss globalization. Use the examples in the text to discuss the negative and positive social consequences of globalization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological imagination Learning Objective: Employ the sociological imagination to address issues such as globalization, social inequality, race, gender, and religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 04 Taking Sociology with You 1) Medical sociology and environmental sociology fall under the discipline of A) basic sociology. B) applied sociology. C) clinical sociology. D) pure sociology. 2) The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions is known as A) basic sociology. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) macrosociology. 3) The use of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations is referred to as A) pure science. B) clinical sociology. C) applied sociology. D) basic sociology. 4) George Herbert Mead served on committees dealing with Chicago's labor problems and public education. His activities fall under the field of A) social inequality. B) applied sociology. C) basic sociology. D) economic inequality. 5) Which of the following statements is true? A) Clinical sociologists take direct responsibility for implementing their ideas. B) There are no established methods for educating clinical sociologists. C) Applied and clinical sociology are the same. D) Clinical sociology has existed for only the last 20 years. 6) Which statement about the international coffee trade is the most accurate? A) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor. B) The Starbucks success story only exists in the U.S. C) Most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid. D) The coffee trade relies upon the exploitation of cheap labor; and most coffee pickers are unionized and well paid.

7) What is considered to be the major theme of analysis in sociology today? A) social inequality B) individual inferiority C) genetic influences D) mental disturbance 8) A condition in which members of society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is referred to as A) social inequality. B) pure sociology. C) applied sociology. D) social psychology. 9) Applied sociology is dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions. 10) The goal of applied sociology is to assist in resolving social problems, such as poverty and homelessness. 11) Discuss why social inequality has become such a dominant theme in the field of sociology today. 12) Define and discuss globalization. Use the examples in the text to discuss the negative and positive social consequences of globalization.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 05 What Is the Scientific Method? 1) Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches? A) global, functionalist, and interactionist perspectives B) conflict, interactionist, and global perspectives C) interactionist, global, and feminist perspectives D) functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives Answer: D Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which one of the following statements is true regarding the subjects of Adler and Adler's study of self-injurers? A) Most begin injuring in secret. B) They are a homogeneous group. C) Their behavior is carefully planned. D) Most were driven to it by major stresses in their lives. Answer: C Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem? A) scientific method B) social science C) experiment D) value neutrality Answer: A Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the A) experimental group. B) representative group. C) study group. D) control group. Answer: D Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 32) The third step in the scientific method is reviewing the literature. Answer: FALSE Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) In the statement, "The more a person exercises, the longer he or she will live," longevity is the independent variable. Answer: FALSE Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34) A magazine asks its readers to complete a survey that questions them about their sexual practices. Based on the responses that it receives, the magazine publishes an article entitled "The Sexual Practices of Men and Women in the U.S." This magazine has conducted a valid random sample to support its article. Answer: FALSE Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35) Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. Answer: TRUE Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Define the term scientific method and the five basic steps used in the scientific method. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Scientific method Learning Objective: Outline and describe the steps in the scientific method. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Discuss how a researcher might select a random sample of subjects for a research study. Which sample selection methods should researchers use, and which methods should be avoided? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 05 What Is the Scientific Method? 1) Adler and Adler's work on self-injury reflects which of the three major sociological approaches? A) global, functionalist, and interactionist perspectives B) conflict, interactionist, and global perspectives C) interactionist, global, and feminist perspectives D) functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives 2) Which one of the following statements is true regarding the subjects of Adler and Adler's study of self-injurers? A) Most begin injuring in secret. B) They are a homogeneous group. C) Their behavior is carefully planned. D) Most were driven to it by major stresses in their lives. 3) Which of the following terms is used to describe a systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem? A) scientific method B) social science C) experiment D) value neutrality 4) If you were interested in studying the relationship between date and acquaintance rape victims and the characteristics of the rapist, your first step would be to A) review the literature on date and acquaintance rape. B) define the problem. C) create a hypothesis. D) choose a research design. 5) Which of the following is the second step of the scientific method? A) defining the problem B) selecting the research design C) reviewing the literature D) collecting and analyzing data 6) After a sociologist reviews the literature, what is the next step in the process? A) Define the problem. B) Generate ideas for future research. C) Formulate a hypothesis. D) Choose a research design.

7) Sociologists conduct reviews of literature to do which of the following? A) Refine the problem under study. B) Identify potential sources of funding. C) Determine whether a research study is in fact feasible. D) Analyze the data and formulate conclusions. 8) An operational definition is A) a speculative statement about the relationship between two variables. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) an explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. D) a relationship between two variables whereby a change in one coincides with a change in the other. 9) A sociologist who is interested in examining racism in sports might determine what percentage of team owners, general managers, coaches, and managers are members of each racial group. This would be an example of developing a(n) A) research design. B) operational definition. C) hypothesis. D) theory. 10) A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables is known as a A) correlation. B) hypothesis. C) sample. D) research design. 11) The statement "Women who receive welfare are less likely than other women to have babies" is an example of A) an operational definition. B) a hypothesis. C) a research design. D) an independent variable. 12) A variable is A) a measurable trait or characteristic that is subject to change under different conditions. B) the extent to which a measure provides consistent results. C) the unintended influence that observers or experiments can have on their subjects. D) a speculative statement about the relationship between two traits. 13) Income, religion, race, gender, and marital status can all be examples of A) indexes. B) scales. C) variables. D) operational definitions. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) If researchers wanted to examine the opinions of people listed in a city directory, they might call every tenth or fiftieth or hundredth name listed. This would constitute a A) scale. B) control variable. C) quota sample. D) random sample. 27) A research measure that provides consistent results is considered A) valid. B) reliable. C) an index. D) a scale. 28) Validity refers to A) the provision of consistent results. B) independent, rather than dependent, variables. C) the accurate measurement of the phenomenon under study. D) the ethical standards that are followed by sociologists. 29) What type of sample is specifically used for gathering information about clandestine or difficult-to-identify groups? A) snowball sample B) random sample C) valid sample D) blind survey 30) A factor held constant to test the relative impact of the independent variable is known as a A) control variable. B) dependent variable. C) correlation. D) cross-tabulation. 31) In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the independent variable is called the A) experimental group. B) representative group. C) study group. D) control group. 32) The third step in the scientific method is reviewing the literature. 33) In the statement, "The more a person exercises, the longer he or she will live," longevity is the independent variable. 34) A magazine asks its readers to complete a survey that questions them about their sexual practices. Based on the responses that it receives, the magazine publishes an article entitled "The Sexual Practices of Men and Women in the U.S." This magazine has conducted a valid random sample to support its article. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

35) Validity refers to the degree to which a measure or scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. 36) Define the term scientific method and the five basic steps used in the scientific method. 37) Discuss how a researcher might select a random sample of subjects for a research study. Which sample selection methods should researchers use, and which methods should be avoided?

3) To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as A) a secondary analysis. B) participant observation. C) a survey. D) a content analysis. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) Which of the following statements is true of cell phone users? A) Cell phone users are more likely to answer all incoming calls. B) Cell phone users are more likely to complete surveys. C) There is a higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones. D) There is a higher proportion of females on cell phones. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of television violence on children. The set of children that are shown the violent cartoons are considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. Answer: A Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

6) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of energy drinks on sleep. The individuals who are given a placebo drink are considered to be the A) independent variable. B) control group. C) experimental group. D) dependent variable. Answer: B Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7) A study is being done on the effects of a new antibiotic on cognitive ability. In this scenario, the antibiotic is considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. Answer: C Topic: Variables Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between hypotheses and variables. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. A) quantitative B) qualitative C) observational D) experimental Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

9) When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as A) a survey. B) observation. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 10) A sociologist attends meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all facets of the community's social life. He then compiles a detailed description of the community. He is conducting A) a content analysis. B) a secondary analysis. C) a quantitative study. D) ethnographic research. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Which of the following was identified as one of the initial challenges that a participant observer may face when conducting an ethnography? A) receiving adequate resources, such as funding B) gaining acceptance into the unfamiliar group C) identifying a group to observe D) acquiring the necessary approvals to conduct the research Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

12) When a sociologist actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates, the approach is called A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 13) When conducting ethnographic research as a participant observer, the investigator must A) develop friendships with key members of the study group. B) not be concerned about gaining acceptance by the study group. C) maintain some degree of detachment. D) use the same persona in the control group as he or she did with the study group. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables and to introduce control variables is known as a(n) A) survey. B) experiment. C) replication. D) research design. Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

15) People may behave differently in artificial situations than they would in the "real world." This poses a particular problem for researchers using A) questionnaires. B) content analysis. C) replication. D) laboratory experiments. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16) Regina wants to study the homeless in her hometown. In order to do so, she lives at a homeless shelter for a month. During this time, she does everything that the women she is studying do and tells no one of her true identity. This method is A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) ________ study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. A) Terry Mizrahi's B) William F. Whyte's C) Max Weber's D) Vilfredo Pareto's Answer: B Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

18) The use of the discipline of sociology to yield practical applications for human behavior and organizations is known as A) applied sociology. B) ethnography. C) clinical sociology. D) qualitative research. Answer: A Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 19) The use of photographic and video documentation in sociological study is known as A) iconography. B) visual sociology. C) secondary sociology. D) image analysis. Answer: B Topic: Operational definition Learning Objective: Give an example of an operational definition. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) What term do sociologists use to describe the phenomenon whereby subjects deviate from their typical behavior because they realize they are under observation? A) the control group effect B) a spurious response C) the Hawthorne effect D) skewing Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

21) A sociologist decides to study the interaction among students in the college's computer center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy and reserved in their interactions. This is an example of A) replication. B) secondary analysis. C) the Hawthorne effect. D) value neutrality. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 22) Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use A) questionnaires and interviews. B) participant observation. C) publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. D) control groups. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be A) more valid than other forms of research. B) more reliable than other forms of research. C) a nonreactive form of research. D) an outdated mode of research. Answer: C Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

24) Which of the following statements pertaining to secondary data analysis is true? A) It influences people's behavior. B) The data is generally difficult to acquire. C) It can provide researchers with everything they need. D) It does not require the collection of new data. Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 25) An inherent problem in using secondary sources of data is that A) the researcher may not find the exact data needed for his or her own research. B) the data are plagued with statistical errors. C) the researcher may be more careless when using someone else's data. D) all of the analysis has been completed by an initial research team. Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) A researcher studies adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing depictions of the elderly in the lyrics of popular music and the content of teen magazines. This is an example of A) content analysis. B) replication. C) survey research. D) an experiment. Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

27) Which of the following existing data sources is used most frequently for sociological research? A) census data B) scientific records C) personal journals D) newspapers Answer: A Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 28) Cost-efficiency is an advantage associated with which of the following research designs? A) survey B) ethnography C) experiment D) existing sources Answer: D Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Discuss the issue of ethics and social research. Why are ethics crucial to social research, and what can be done to prevent ethical issues from taking place? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) Describe the various types of research designs and discuss the strengths and weakness of each design. Which type of research design is most commonly used by researchers, and which type of research design is the least reliable? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Research methods Learning Objective: Summarize the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the major research designs. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 06 Major Research Designs 1) A research design is a(n) A) explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to measure the concept. B) speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. C) indicator of attitudes, behaviors, or characteristics of people or organizations. D) detailed plan or method for scientifically obtaining data. 2) A study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, that provides sociologists with information concerning how people think or act is known as A) observation research. B) a survey. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. 3) To conduct a cross-cultural study of job discrimination against women, a sociologist interviews 75 women between the ages of 20 and 40 in an American city, and 75 women in the same age group in a Canadian city. This study would be classified as A) a secondary analysis. B) participant observation. C) a survey. D) a content analysis. 4) Which of the following statements is true of cell phone users? A) Cell phone users are more likely to answer all incoming calls. B) Cell phone users are more likely to complete surveys. C) There is a higher proportion of non-adults on cell phones. D) There is a higher proportion of females on cell phones. 5) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of television violence on children. The set of children that are shown the violent cartoons are considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. 6) A sociologist sets up an experiment on the effects of energy drinks on sleep. The individuals who are given a placebo drink are considered to be the A) independent variable. B) control group. C) experimental group. D) dependent variable.

7) A study is being done on the effects of a new antibiotic on cognitive ability. In this scenario, the antibiotic is considered to be the A) experimental group. B) control group. C) independent variable. D) dependent variable. 8) Ethnography is the most common form of ________ research, which relies on what is seen in the field and in naturalistic settings more than it does on statistical data. A) quantitative B) qualitative C) observational D) experimental 9) When a researcher collects information about a group through direct involvement and inspection, this is known as A) a survey. B) observation. C) secondary analysis. D) an experiment. 10) A sociologist attends meetings at all the schools and churches in his community over several years, and meets as many residents as he can for the purpose of exploring all facets of the community's social life. He then compiles a detailed description of the community. He is conducting A) a content analysis. B) a secondary analysis. C) a quantitative study. D) ethnographic research. 11) Which of the following was identified as one of the initial challenges that a participant observer may face when conducting an ethnography? A) receiving adequate resources, such as funding B) gaining acceptance into the unfamiliar group C) identifying a group to observe D) acquiring the necessary approvals to conduct the research 12) When a sociologist actually joins a group for a period to get an accurate sense of how it operates, the approach is called A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation.

13) When conducting ethnographic research as a participant observer, the investigator must A) develop friendships with key members of the study group. B) not be concerned about gaining acceptance by the study group. C) maintain some degree of detachment. D) use the same persona in the control group as he or she did with the study group. 14) An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to manipulate variables and to introduce control variables is known as a(n) A) survey. B) experiment. C) replication. D) research design. 15) People may behave differently in artificial situations than they would in the "real world." This poses a particular problem for researchers using A) questionnaires. B) content analysis. C) replication. D) laboratory experiments. 16) Regina wants to study the homeless in her hometown. In order to do so, she lives at a homeless shelter for a month. During this time, she does everything that the women she is studying do and tells no one of her true identity. This method is A) an experiment. B) ethnography. C) face-to-face interview. D) participant observation. 17) ________ study of Italian street-corner men used participant observation. A) Terry Mizrahi's B) William F. Whyte's C) Max Weber's D) Vilfredo Pareto's 18) The use of the discipline of sociology to yield practical applications for human behavior and organizations is known as A) applied sociology. B) ethnography. C) clinical sociology. D) qualitative research. 19) The use of photographic and video documentation in sociological study is known as A) iconography. B) visual sociology. C) secondary sociology. D) image analysis. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) What term do sociologists use to describe the phenomenon whereby subjects deviate from their typical behavior because they realize they are under observation? A) the control group effect B) a spurious response C) the Hawthorne effect D) skewing 21) A sociologist decides to study the interaction among students in the college's computer center. When the students realize they are under observation, they become shy and reserved in their interactions. This is an example of A) replication. B) secondary analysis. C) the Hawthorne effect. D) value neutrality. 22) Secondary analysis includes a variety of research techniques that use A) questionnaires and interviews. B) participant observation. C) publicly accessible information and data, or data collected by another. D) control groups. 23) Sociologists consider secondary analysis to be A) more valid than other forms of research. B) more reliable than other forms of research. C) a nonreactive form of research. D) an outdated mode of research. 24) Which of the following statements pertaining to secondary data analysis is true? A) It influences people's behavior. B) The data is generally difficult to acquire. C) It can provide researchers with everything they need. D) It does not require the collection of new data. 25) An inherent problem in using secondary sources of data is that A) the researcher may not find the exact data needed for his or her own research. B) the data are plagued with statistical errors. C) the researcher may be more careless when using someone else's data. D) all of the analysis has been completed by an initial research team. 26) A researcher studies adolescent attitudes about senior citizens by analyzing depictions of the elderly in the lyrics of popular music and the content of teen magazines. This is an example of A) content analysis. B) replication. C) survey research. D) an experiment.

27) Which of the following existing data sources is used most frequently for sociological research? A) census data B) scientific records C) personal journals D) newspapers 28) Cost-efficiency is an advantage associated with which of the following research designs? A) survey B) ethnography C) experiment D) existing sources 29) Discuss the issue of ethics and social research. Why are ethics crucial to social research, and what can be done to prevent ethical issues from taking place? 30) Describe the various types of research designs and discuss the strengths and weakness of each design. Which type of research design is most commonly used by researchers, and which type of research design is the least reliable?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 07 Ethics of Research 1) Which of following principles is included in the American Sociological Association's (ASA) code of ethics? A) maintaining popularity B) ability to disregard transparency C) protection of research subjects from personal harm D) subjectivity in research Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Most sociological research uses ________ as sources of information. A) people B) newspapers C) scientific data D) census data Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Why was Rik Scarce, a doctoral student at Washington State University, placed in jail in 1993? A) for preserving the confidentiality of his research B) for raiding a university laboratory C) for "snitching" on university administrators D) for forging transcripts Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Which of the following is true regarding actions by the Exxon Corporation after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon solicited anthropologists to do research on jury deliberations. B) Exxon offered research money for sociologists doing research on jury deliberations. C) Due to the controversy, none of the research funded by Exxon was published in peerreviewed journals. D) Ultimately, Exxon settled the case and awarded each plaintiff close to $100,000. Answer: B Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Which of the following was a common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon did not pay sociologists well enough for the research they did on jury deliberations. B) Exxon agreed to fund only those sociologists who were known to be in favor of Exxon's policies and actions. C) No legal scholars were approached to do research on jury deliberations. D) Exxon did not volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs. Answer: D Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Objectivity in the interpretation of data is referred to as A) external validity. B) reliability. C) value neutrality. D) internal validity. Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Value neutrality focuses on which of the following challenges associated with sociological research and ethics? A) the influence of a person's personal values and biases on the interpretation of data B) the relationship between the interviewer and the participant C) conflicts of interest associated with the funding of the research D) protecting subjects from personal harm Answer: A Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? A) Jane Poulson B) Joyce Ladner C) Shulamit Reinharz D) Karen Barkey Answer: C Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 9) Not disclosing all sources of financial support is an example of an ethical violation, per the code of ethics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: List the basic principles of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) The anonymity and confidentially of a subject is of the utmost importance when conducting sociological research. Answer: TRUE Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) Feminist theorists always see work and leisure and paid and unpaid domestic work as two separate spheres. Answer: FALSE Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) Feminist researchers tend to involve and consult their subjects more than other researchers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) In the context of ethics and social research, how can research be harmful to human life? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Define value neutrality and discuss its significance in sociological research. What issues can arise if value neutrality is ignored? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Ethics Learning Objective: Apply ethical principles to the challenges researchers encounter in conducting research. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

15) Discuss the various ways feminist scholars differ in their interests and methodology from other scholars. Would feminist scholarship be considered a functionalist, interactionist, or conflict perspective? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 07 Ethics of Research 1) Which of following principles is included in the American Sociological Association's (ASA) code of ethics? A) maintaining popularity B) ability to disregard transparency C) protection of research subjects from personal harm D) subjectivity in research 2) Most sociological research uses ________ as sources of information. A) people B) newspapers C) scientific data D) census data 3) Why was Rik Scarce, a doctoral student at Washington State University, placed in jail in 1993? A) for preserving the confidentiality of his research B) for raiding a university laboratory C) for "snitching" on university administrators D) for forging transcripts 4) Which of the following is true regarding actions by the Exxon Corporation after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon solicited anthropologists to do research on jury deliberations. B) Exxon offered research money for sociologists doing research on jury deliberations. C) Due to the controversy, none of the research funded by Exxon was published in peerreviewed journals. D) Ultimately, Exxon settled the case and awarded each plaintiff close to $100,000. 5) Which of the following was a common criticism of Exxon's actions after the 1989 Valdez disaster? A) Exxon did not pay sociologists well enough for the research they did on jury deliberations. B) Exxon agreed to fund only those sociologists who were known to be in favor of Exxon's policies and actions. C) No legal scholars were approached to do research on jury deliberations. D) Exxon did not volunteer to fund research on clean-up technologies or long-term environmental costs. 6) Objectivity in the interpretation of data is referred to as A) external validity. B) reliability. C) value neutrality. D) internal validity.

7) Value neutrality focuses on which of the following challenges associated with sociological research and ethics? A) the influence of a person's personal values and biases on the interpretation of data B) the relationship between the interviewer and the participant C) conflicts of interest associated with the funding of the research D) protecting subjects from personal harm 8) Which sociologist argued that sociological research should be open to bringing about social change and to drawing on relevant research by nonsociologists? A) Jane Poulson B) Joyce Ladner C) Shulamit Reinharz D) Karen Barkey 9) Not disclosing all sources of financial support is an example of an ethical violation, per the code of ethics. 10) The anonymity and confidentially of a subject is of the utmost importance when conducting sociological research. 11) Feminist theorists always see work and leisure and paid and unpaid domestic work as two separate spheres. 12) Feminist researchers tend to involve and consult their subjects more than other researchers. 13) In the context of ethics and social research, how can research be harmful to human life? 14) Define value neutrality and discuss its significance in sociological research. What issues can arise if value neutrality is ignored? 15) Discuss the various ways feminist scholars differ in their interests and methodology from other scholars. Would feminist scholarship be considered a functionalist, interactionist, or conflict perspective?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 08 Developments of Methodology 1) When generalizing about both heterosexuals and homosexuals, researchers must be extremely careful with which of the following? A) operational definitions B) internal validity C) privacy of the respondent D) wording questions Answer: D Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which of the following is a common characteristic among feminist researchers? A) They tend to involve and consult subjects more. B) They are more oriented toward stability, rather than change. C) They are more inclined to conduct research that appeases the masses. D) They tend to focus more on quantitative versus qualitative data. Answer: A Topic: Feminist theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) What conclusion did the National Bureau of Economic Research reach about gays and lesbians as subjects of sociological research? A) Most research treats its gay and lesbian subjects with contempt. B) Most research ignores the possibility that its subjects might be gay or lesbian. C) Most research underreports the number of gays and lesbians in a population. D) Most research begins from a position that sexuality is fluid and that gays and lesbians are in a state of transition. Answer: C Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Asking a respondent if they spent a lot of time playing video games as a child in order to determine heterosexuality is referred to as A) value neutrality. B) operationalization. C) causal logic. D) veiled reporting. Answer: D Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) We have little reliable data on human sexuality because A) it is difficult for researchers to even broach the subject. B) until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. C) government funding for studies of sexual behavior is easily accessible, but not many want to ask for it. D) there has been an increase in the use of inaccurate data over the last decade. Answer: B Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 6) Which of the following statements regarding Ogas and Gaddam's 2011 study on human sexual behavior is true? A) Ogas and Gaddam could not distinguish between online fantasies and rational desires. B) Ogas and Gaddam were unable to differentiate the data pertaining to the web searches and the websites. C) Ogas and Gaddam found that women and men do not differ in their preferences. D) Ogas and Gaddam were able to distinguish between a single and repeated search by the same person. Answer: A Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

7) Which of the following institutions has continuously perpetuated a highly sexualized society? A) mass media B) government C) health organizations D) public Answer: A Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the challenges in conducting research on human sexual behavior and the potential impact of such research on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 8) Most research significantly underreports the proportion of gays and lesbians in the population. Answer: TRUE Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) The veiled reporting technique requires that researchers remain anonymous throughout the entire study. Answer: FALSE Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) Big data is only available to individuals with significant funding. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) Having data before assuming a hypothesis is correct is not recommended for sociological research. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

12) Explain how "veiled reporting" may result in underreporting of gay and lesbian subjects in survey research. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Queer theory Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) Discuss the difficulties of studying human sexuality. What factors have contributed to the availability and quantity of data pertaining to the subject? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe the impact of feminist theory on sociological research practices. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Describe how the Internet can be used to conduct social research. Is the Internet a good or bad place to conduct social research? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological research Learning Objective: Summarize the benefits and challenges of conducting research online. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 08 Developments of Methodology 1) When generalizing about both heterosexuals and homosexuals, researchers must be extremely careful with which of the following? A) operational definitions B) internal validity C) privacy of the respondent D) wording questions 2) Which of the following is a common characteristic among feminist researchers? A) They tend to involve and consult subjects more. B) They are more oriented toward stability, rather than change. C) They are more inclined to conduct research that appeases the masses. D) They tend to focus more on quantitative versus qualitative data. 3) What conclusion did the National Bureau of Economic Research reach about gays and lesbians as subjects of sociological research? A) Most research treats its gay and lesbian subjects with contempt. B) Most research ignores the possibility that its subjects might be gay or lesbian. C) Most research underreports the number of gays and lesbians in a population. D) Most research begins from a position that sexuality is fluid and that gays and lesbians are in a state of transition. 4) Asking a respondent if they spent a lot of time playing video games as a child in order to determine heterosexuality is referred to as A) value neutrality. B) operationalization. C) causal logic. D) veiled reporting. 5) We have little reliable data on human sexuality because A) it is difficult for researchers to even broach the subject. B) until the AIDS crisis, there was little scientific demand for data on sexual behavior. C) government funding for studies of sexual behavior is easily accessible, but not many want to ask for it. D) there has been an increase in the use of inaccurate data over the last decade. 6) Which of the following statements regarding Ogas and Gaddam's 2011 study on human sexual behavior is true? A) Ogas and Gaddam could not distinguish between online fantasies and rational desires. B) Ogas and Gaddam were unable to differentiate the data pertaining to the web searches and the websites. C) Ogas and Gaddam found that women and men do not differ in their preferences. D) Ogas and Gaddam were able to distinguish between a single and repeated search by the same person. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which of the following institutions has continuously perpetuated a highly sexualized society? A) mass media B) government C) health organizations D) public 8) Most research significantly underreports the proportion of gays and lesbians in the population. 9) The veiled reporting technique requires that researchers remain anonymous throughout the entire study. 10) Big data is only available to individuals with significant funding. 11) Having data before assuming a hypothesis is correct is not recommended for sociological research. 12) Explain how "veiled reporting" may result in underreporting of gay and lesbian subjects in survey research. 13) Discuss the difficulties of studying human sexuality. What factors have contributed to the availability and quantity of data pertaining to the subject? 14) Describe how the Internet can be used to conduct social research. Is the Internet a good or bad place to conduct social research?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 09 What Is Culture? 1) Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show A) cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful." B) the effects of media on a person's body image. C) the ability to learn something new about society. D) how cultural sociology has evolved over the years. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 2) The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A) culture. B) society. C) socialization. D) social structure. Answer: A Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture are referred to as a A) culture. B) society. C) folkway. D) argot. Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Ethnocentrism; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 14) The U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) cultural deconstruction. Answer: C Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? A) xenocentrism B) cultural integration C) cultural relativism D) ethnocentrism Answer: C Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Sociobiology is the systematic study of A) the social structure within the animal kingdom. B) the interactions between humans and higher animal forms. C) the social bases of biological behavior. D) how biology affects human social behavior. Answer: D Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) In its extreme form, sociobiology suggests that A) all behavior is the result of genetic or biological factors. B) social interactions play a role in shaping people's conduct. C) human nature is not affected by the genetic composition of a group of people. D) there is no biological basis for social behavior. Answer: A Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) Cultural universals are common beliefs or practices found in every society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. Answer: TRUE Topic: Cultural relativism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociobiology Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 09 What Is Culture? 1) Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show A) cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful." B) the effects of media on a person's body image. C) the ability to learn something new about society. D) how cultural sociology has evolved over the years. 2) The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A) culture. B) society. C) socialization. D) social structure. 3) A fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture are referred to as a A) culture. B) society. C) folkway. D) argot. 4) A society A) is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group. B) is the largest form of human group. C) contains several different cultures. D) contains one subculture and many cultures. 5) ________ consists of all objects and ideas within a society. A) Argot B) Culture C) Folkways D) Inventions 6) General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called A) cultural integration. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural universals. D) cultural relativism.

7) In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? A) war B) astronomy C) funeral ceremonies D) mathematics 8) Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? A) athletic sports B) war C) money restrictions D) education 9) The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called A) culture shock. B) cultural relativism. C) ethnocentrism. D) value stability. 10) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric belief? A) viewing Middle Eastern countries as developed and equal counterparts B) acknowledging that the child-rearing practice of African cultures are successful C) being repelled by the American practice of living in a household with dogs and cats D) appreciating the Hindu religion's belief that cows are sacred 11) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. 12) An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) monophobicism. 13) Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) The U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of A) xenocentrism. B) ethnocentrism. C) cultural relativism. D) cultural deconstruction. 15) Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? A) xenocentrism B) cultural integration C) cultural relativism D) ethnocentrism 16) Sociobiology is the systematic study of A) the social structure within the animal kingdom. B) the interactions between humans and higher animal forms. C) the social bases of biological behavior. D) how biology affects human social behavior. 17) In its extreme form, sociobiology suggests that A) all behavior is the result of genetic or biological factors. B) social interactions play a role in shaping people's conduct. C) human nature is not affected by the genetic composition of a group of people. D) there is no biological basis for social behavior. 18) Cultural universals are common beliefs or practices found in every society. 19) Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. 20) Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 10 Elements of Culture 1) Language is an important component of A) diffusion. B) cultural capital. C) cultural universals. D) material culture. Answer: B Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of A) nonverbal communication. B) mores. C) cultural capital. D) formal norms. Answer: A Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Language; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A) a material culture. B) sanctioning. C) language. D) an argot. Answer: C Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) A) informal norm. B) formal norm. C) more. D) sanction. Answer: A Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) In American society, we often formalize norms into A) folkways. B) mores. C) laws. D) values. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) A law is A) a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) a form of governmental social control. D) a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) The established standards of behavior maintained by a society are referred to as A) symbols. B) sanctions. C) norms. D) argots. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Informal norms are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as A) mores. B) sanctions. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A) mores. B) laws. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Mores are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) norms that are made by a few individuals are often considered unnecessary. Answer: B Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as A) mores. B) cultural universals. C) folkways. D) laws. Answer: C Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) Which of the following is considered a negative, informal sanction? A) demotion B) jail sentence C) humiliation D) expulsion Answer: C Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a A) more. B) sanction. C) norm. D) law. Answer: B Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as A) folkways. B) mores. C) values. D) sanctions. Answer: D Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) Which of the following is an example of a positive, formal sanction? A) salary bonus B) demotion C) smile D) frown Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) replication. C) a more. D) a typology. Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) a law. C) cultural diffusion. D) replication. Answer: A Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as A) values. B) folkways. C) mores. D) sanctions. Answer: A Topic: Values Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) According to sociologist Robin Williams, which of the following is considered an American value? A) effectiveness B) equality C) frugality D) supremacy of faith Answer: B Topic: Values; Sociologists Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) According to research, the proportion of students who cheat is often higher among A) elementary school students. B) middle school students. C) high school students. D) college students. Answer: D Topic: Values Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? A) cultural shock B) culture war C) subcultures D) contracultures Answer: B Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? A) benevolence B) holding grudges C) disloyalty D) power Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

25) Which sociological perspective argues that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which sociological perspective maintains that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) A dominant ideology is A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

28) The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Language; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Nonverbal communication is the same in all cultures. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Wearing two different-colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. Answer: FALSE Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sanctions Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

33) Benevolence is a value that is widely shared around the world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34) The polarization of society over controversial cultural elements is referred to as a culture war. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Interactionists maintain that social stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Define and discuss symbols. Identify one symbolic monument (e.g., the September 11, 2001, memorial). Explain what the monument symbolizes. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

38) Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 10 Elements of Culture 1) Language is an important component of A) diffusion. B) cultural capital. C) cultural universals. D) material culture. 2) Gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images all fall within the category of A) nonverbal communication. B) mores. C) cultural capital. D) formal norms. 3) In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 4) An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A) a material culture. B) sanctioning. C) language. D) an argot. 5) Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) A) informal norm. B) formal norm. C) more. D) sanction. 6) In American society, we often formalize norms into A) folkways. B) mores. C) laws. D) values. 7) A law is A) a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) a form of governmental social control. D) a penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) The established standards of behavior maintained by a society are referred to as A) symbols. B) sanctions. C) norms. D) argots. 9) Informal norms are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) None of these answers is correct. 10) Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as A) mores. B) sanctions. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. 11) While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A) mores. B) laws. C) informal norms. D) formal norms. 12) Mores are A) norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B) norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C) norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D) norms that are made by a few individuals are often considered unnecessary. 13) Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as A) mores. B) cultural universals. C) folkways. D) laws. 14) Which of the following is considered a negative, informal sanction? A) demotion B) jail sentence C) humiliation D) expulsion 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a A) more. B) sanction. C) norm. D) law. 16) Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as A) folkways. B) mores. C) values. D) sanctions. 17) Which of the following is an example of a positive, formal sanction? A) salary bonus B) demotion C) smile D) frown 18) A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) replication. C) a more. D) a typology. 19) A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of A) a sanction. B) a law. C) cultural diffusion. D) replication. 20) Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as A) values. B) folkways. C) mores. D) sanctions.

21) According to sociologist Robin Williams, which of the following is considered an American value? A) effectiveness B) equality C) frugality D) supremacy of faith 22) According to research, the proportion of students who cheat is often higher among A) elementary school students. B) middle school students. C) high school students. D) college students. 23) What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? A) cultural shock B) culture war C) subcultures D) contracultures 24) Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? A) benevolence B) holding grudges C) disloyalty D) power 25) Which sociological perspective argues that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 26) Which sociological perspective maintains that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

27) A dominant ideology is A) a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. B) a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. C) a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. D) None of these answers is correct. 28) The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. 29) Nonverbal communication is the same in all cultures. 30) Wearing two different-colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. 31) In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. 32) Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. 33) Benevolence is a value that is widely shared around the world. 34) The polarization of society over controversial cultural elements is referred to as a culture war. 35) From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. 36) Interactionists maintain that social stability requires a consensus and the support of a society's members. 37) Define and discuss symbols. Identify one symbolic monument (e.g., the September 11, 2001, memorial). Explain what the monument symbolizes. 38) Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 11 Development of Culture around the World 1) Discovery is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which cultural items spread to different groups. Answer: C Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Invention is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of A) diffusion. B) innovation. C) invention. D) discovery. Answer: C Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) Diffusion is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Answer: D Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A) nonmaterial culture. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural shock. D) cultural relativity. Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Cultural Diffusion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

7) According to a May 2017 national survey, which of the following racial/ethnic groups considers health care to be one of the most important issues facing the nation? A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latino(a)s D) Native Americans Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following is a criticism of globalization? A) It creates a notion of cultural domination of the developing nations by the more affluent nations. B) It helps nations take their place in the world of commerce and brings in income. C) It helps people stay connected via the communications revolution. D) It gives nations access to knowledge that can improve living standards and save lives. Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the A) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. B) domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. C) existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. D) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants. Answer: B Topic: Cultural Diffusion Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A) norms. B) material culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) values. Answer: B Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of A) xenocentrism. B) nonmaterial culture. C) material culture. D) argot. Answer: C Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) A new Ford Explorer can be considered A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. Answer: A Topic: Material culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) The ways of using objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication is referred to as A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. Answer: B Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) Culture lag is A) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B) viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. C) the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. D) a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. Answer: D Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are A) less likely to resist change to their material culture. B) less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture. C) more likely to modify cultural universals. D) less likely to change their folkways. Answer: A Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now A) nomadic fisherman. B) living as equals in Brazilian society. C) confined to reservations. D) transitioning to the new Brazil. Answer: C Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) Nonmaterial culture A) is more resistant to change than material culture. B) is less resistant to change than material culture. C) changes at the same pace as material culture. D) does not change once it has been created. Answer: A Topic: Nonmaterial culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) The combination of turning existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before is referred to as innovation. Answer: FALSE Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Protestantism and democracy are examples of innovation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

20) Diffusion can work through a variety of means, such as exploration and the influence of mass media. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Discuss the McDonaldization of society. How does it relate to globalization? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Cultural Diffusion; Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 11 Development of Culture around the World 1) Discovery is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which cultural items spread to different groups. 2) Invention is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. 3) Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of A) diffusion. B) innovation. C) invention. D) discovery. 4) Diffusion is the A) combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B) process of introducing new elements into a culture. C) process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D) process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. 5) English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A) nonmaterial culture. B) cultural diffusion. C) cultural shock. D) cultural relativity. 6) Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

7) According to a May 2017 national survey, which of the following racial/ethnic groups considers health care to be one of the most important issues facing the nation? A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latino(a)s D) Native Americans 8) Which of the following is a criticism of globalization? A) It creates a notion of cultural domination of the developing nations by the more affluent nations. B) It helps nations take their place in the world of commerce and brings in income. C) It helps people stay connected via the communications revolution. D) It gives nations access to knowledge that can improve living standards and save lives. 9) George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the A) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. B) domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. C) existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. D) placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants. 10) The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A) norms. B) material culture. C) nonmaterial culture. D) values. 11) A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of A) xenocentrism. B) nonmaterial culture. C) material culture. D) argot. 12) A new Ford Explorer can be considered A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture.

13) The ways of using objects, as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication is referred to as A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) an argot. D) substance culture. 14) Culture lag is A) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B) viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. C) the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. D) a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. 15) Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are A) less likely to resist change to their material culture. B) less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture. C) more likely to modify cultural universals. D) less likely to change their folkways. 16) Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now A) nomadic fisherman. B) living as equals in Brazilian society. C) confined to reservations. D) transitioning to the new Brazil. 17) Nonmaterial culture A) is more resistant to change than material culture. B) is less resistant to change than material culture. C) changes at the same pace as material culture. D) does not change once it has been created. 18) The combination of turning existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before is referred to as innovation. 19) Protestantism and democracy are examples of innovation. 20) Diffusion can work through a variety of means, such as exploration and the influence of mass media. 21) Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer. 22) Discuss the McDonaldization of society. How does it relate to globalization? 23) Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 12 Cultural Variation 1) Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Norms Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 2) A subculture is A) a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. B) a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. D) a specialized language that is used by members of a group. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) The employees of Indian call centers can be considered A) a subculture. B) a counterculture. C) a dominant culture. D) a material culture. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A) cultures. B) countercultures. C) subcultures. D) contracultures. Answer: C Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York is an example of A) an argot. B) a taboo. C) linguistics. D) nonverbal language. Answer: A Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 8) An ultraconservative militia group, such as the Ohio Defense Force, is an example of A) dominant culture. B) counterculture. C) material culture. D) dominant ideology. Answer: B Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Countercultures thrive amongst A) the young. B) the elderly. C) females only. D) the working class. Answer: A Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Culture shock is A) the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. B) the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own. C) being unaware of the existence of other cultures. D) a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. Answer: B Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Beth, who has lived all her life in an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she is experiencing A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who moves to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. Answer: C Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 17) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric view of bilingualism? A) efforts to introduce a constitutional amendment declaring English as the nation's official language B) efforts to establish the proper form for bilingual programs C) efforts to mandate the instruction of children who are not fluent in English D) efforts to maintain English as a Second Language programs in schools with a majority of immigrant children Answer: A Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 18) Even within a single nation, certain segments of the populace develop cultural patterns that differ from the patterns of the dominant society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Subcultures Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) Countercultures thrive among the elderly, especially the baby boomer generation of the 1960s. Answer: FALSE Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) The use of two languages in a particular setting is referred to as multilingualism. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 21) Federal policy has always been supportive of bilingualism efforts in the United States, and thus, provides a significant portion of funding to support those efforts at the local level. Answer: FALSE Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 22) Social scientists claim that it is not easy to identify a core culture in the United States. Why is this so? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

23) Discuss countercultures. What are they and why do they happen? Provide one example of a counterculture. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Counterculture Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Define bilingualism. What are the policy implications of bilingualism in the United States? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Discuss bilingualism in relation to the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Language Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 12 Cultural Variation 1) Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 2) A subculture is A) a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. B) a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C) the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. D) a specialized language that is used by members of a group. 3) The employees of Indian call centers can be considered A) a subculture. B) a counterculture. C) a dominant culture. D) a material culture. 4) In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A) cultures. B) countercultures. C) subcultures. D) contracultures. 5) The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York is an example of A) an argot. B) a taboo. C) linguistics. D) nonverbal language. 6) Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

7) An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 8) An ultraconservative militia group, such as the Ohio Defense Force, is an example of A) dominant culture. B) counterculture. C) material culture. D) dominant ideology. 9) Countercultures thrive amongst A) the young. B) the elderly. C) females only. D) the working class. 10) Culture shock is A) the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. B) the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own. C) being unaware of the existence of other cultures. D) a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. 11) Beth, who has lived all her life in an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she is experiencing A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration. 12) A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who moves to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A) cultural relativity. B) cultural diffusion. C) culture shock. D) cultural integration.

13) Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages A) in all sectors of public and private life. B) in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate. C) only in educational settings. D) only in workplaces. 14) The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 15) "Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 16) The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 17) Which of the following is an example of an ethnocentric view of bilingualism? A) efforts to introduce a constitutional amendment declaring English as the nation's official language B) efforts to establish the proper form for bilingual programs C) efforts to mandate the instruction of children who are not fluent in English D) efforts to maintain English as a Second Language programs in schools with a majority of immigrant children 18) Even within a single nation, certain segments of the populace develop cultural patterns that differ from the patterns of the dominant society. 19) Countercultures thrive among the elderly, especially the baby boomer generation of the 1960s. 20) The use of two languages in a particular setting is referred to as multilingualism. 21) Federal policy has always been supportive of bilingualism efforts in the United States, and thus, provides a significant portion of funding to support those efforts at the local level. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

22) Social scientists claim that it is not easy to identify a core culture in the United States. Why is this so? 23) Discuss countercultures. What are they and why do they happen? Provide one example of a counterculture. 24) Define bilingualism. What are the policy implications of bilingualism in the United States? 25) Discuss bilingualism in relation to the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 13 The Role of Socialization 1) Socialization is the process A) of mentally assuming the perspective of another. B) of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. C) whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. D) whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. Answer: C Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of A) the dramaturgical approach. B) social promotion. C) socialization. D) role taking. Answer: C Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which term refers to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? A) personality B) social promotion C) socialization D) human nature Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

10) In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) Parents must concern themselves with an infant's physical needs, in addition to their children's social development. Answer: TRUE Topic: Isolation Learning Objective: Describe the effects of isolation on the social development of young children. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) Twin studies are viewed with some skepticism because they are based on very small sample sizes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Hereditary Learning Objective: Explain what twin studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on social development. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) Studies of identical twins have proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. Answer: FALSE Topic: Hereditary Learning Objective: Explain what twin studies suggest about the effects of heredity and environment on social development. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Discuss the nature versus nurture debate with regard to the socialization of one's social self or personality. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization in shaping human behavior and attitudes. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 13 The Role of Socialization 1) Socialization is the process A) of mentally assuming the perspective of another. B) of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. C) whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. D) whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. 2) A teacher plans a trip to the theater for a junior high school class. As part of the preparation, the teacher tells students how they should dress and how they will be expected to act inside the theater. This is an example of A) the dramaturgical approach. B) social promotion. C) socialization. D) role taking. 3) Which term refers to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? A) personality B) social promotion C) socialization D) human nature 4) The relative importance of cultural and biological factors in the socialization process is referred to as the debate over A) nature versus nurture. B) role versus status. C) manifest versus latent functions. D) sociobiology versus biosociology. 5) In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? A) Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development. B) Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development. C) It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development. D) Biological factors are irrelevant in human development. 6) Sara takes her four-year-old brother Matt to a carnival for the first time. They decide to ride the merry-go-round. Matt runs to the front of the line. His sister pulls him back and explains they have to stand in line. This is an example of A) nature versus nurture. B) socialization. C) personality. D) degradation. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) The analysis of Isabelle is important because it emphasizes the relevance of A) twin studies in sociology and psychology. B) the consistency of the developmental processes. C) the sensorimotor stage of development. D) social interaction in human development. 8) Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that A) early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization. B) social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys. C) there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human development. D) midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation. 9) Studies of identical twins have A) proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. B) proved conclusively the importance of environmental factors in human development. C) proved conclusively that human development is a result of the interaction between environmental and biological factors. D) been based on extremely small samples and should be viewed as preliminary analyses at best. 10) In the nature versus nurture debate, most social scientists maintain that "nurture" is considerably more important than "nature." 11) Parents must concern themselves with an infant's physical needs, in addition to their children's social development. 12) Twin studies are viewed with some skepticism because they are based on very small sample sizes. 13) Studies of identical twins have proved conclusively the importance of biological factors in human development. 14) Discuss the nature versus nurture debate with regard to the socialization of one's social self or personality.

3) In forming a sense of ourselves, we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us, and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions. This sociological approach to the development of self represents the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 4) Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) the looking-glass self. D) the preparatory stage. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 5) According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to A) an increase in self-esteem. B) the sensorimotor stage of development. C) destruction of the looking-glass self. D) a negative self-identity. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

6) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when A) children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. B) children become able to pretend to be other people. C) children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. D) we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 7) Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as A) folkways. B) norms. C) rites of passage. D) symbols. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as A) role strain. B) resocialization. C) face-work. D) role taking. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

9) The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the A) preparatory stage. B) play stage. C) imitative stage. D) game stage. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 10) During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the sensorimotor stage Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Debbie attends her first day of school, and when she returns home, she "plays school" with her younger brother. As part of this play activity, Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day. According to George Herbert Mead, Debbie is in which stage of development? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

12) Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively A) demonstrating role taking. B) playing the part of a significant other. C) playing the part of a generalized other. D) completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 13) Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? A) Erving Goffman B) George Herbert Mead C) Alvin Gouldner D) William F. Ogburn Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 14) Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? A) generalized other B) significant other C) impression management D) symbolic other Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) According to George Herbert Mead, during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the concrete operational stage Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16) Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the A) preparatory stage. B) game stage. C) play stage. D) concrete operational stage. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika, who appears to have a scoring opportunity. Allison's pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development, according to George Herbert Mead? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

18) Significant others is A) Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. B) George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. C) George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. D) George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 19) Which of the following is the best example of a significant other? A) a casual acquaintance B) a clerk in a department store C) a parent D) someone you met at a party last night Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Bob is on his first date with Mary, whom he really likes. He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too, and to want to go out with him again. This is an example of A) face-work. B) impression management. C) idealization of the other. D) role taking. Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach, impression management, and face-work? A) Charles Horton Cooley B) George Herbert Mead C) Erving Goffman D) Wilbert Moore Answer: C Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 22) Early in life, a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. This process is known as A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) face-work. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) The dramaturgical approach is A) a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. B) a framework developed by George Herbert Mead. C) a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others. D) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. Answer: A Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

24) Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of face-work? A) altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences B) people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public C) institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life D) the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts Answer: B Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 25) A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend, "There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) anticipatory socialization. C) impression management. D) face-work. Answer: D Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Most adolescents seek jobs in order to A) identify a career choice. B) make spending money. C) assist with their parents' household expenses. D) pay for education. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

27) Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? A) Sigmund Freud B) Harry Harlow C) Charles Horton Cooley D) George Herbert Mead Answer: A Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 28) A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight. This child is probably in which stage of development, according to Jean Piaget? A) concrete operational B) sensorimotor C) formal operational D) preoperational Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 29) Susie is beginning to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas. According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, Susie is in the A) sensorimotor stage. B) preoperational stage. C) concrete operational stage. D) formal operational stage. Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

30) Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development? A) the preoperational stage B) the concrete operational stage C) the formal operational stage D) the sensorimotor stage Answer: B Topic: The self Learning Objective: Describe the psychological approaches to self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 31) The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, and your best friend are all significant others. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Individuals who learn to slant their presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences are participating in impression management. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Describe George Herbert Mead's various stages of the self. Define the terms generalized others and significant others. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 14 The Self and Socialization through the Life Course 1) The self is the A) distinct identity that sets us apart from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. 2) The looking-glass self is the A) sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. B) child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. C) phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others. D) person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior. 3) In forming a sense of ourselves, we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us, and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions. This sociological approach to the development of self represents the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 4) Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) the looking-glass self. D) the preparatory stage. 5) According to the concept of the looking-glass self, development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to A) an increase in self-esteem. B) the sensorimotor stage of development. C) destruction of the looking-glass self. D) a negative self-identity. 6) According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs when A) children imitate the people around them, particularly family members. B) children become able to pretend to be other people. C) children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. D) we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self.

7) Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as A) folkways. B) norms. C) rites of passage. D) symbols. 8) The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint, is known as A) role strain. B) resocialization. C) face-work. D) role taking. 9) The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously. At this point in development, children grasp not only their own social positions, but also those of others around them. Mead calls this stage the A) preparatory stage. B) play stage. C) imitative stage. D) game stage. 10) During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor, a parent, a superhero, or a ship captain? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the sensorimotor stage 11) Debbie attends her first day of school, and when she returns home, she "plays school" with her younger brother. As part of this play activity, Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day. According to George Herbert Mead, Debbie is in which stage of development? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage 12) Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism. Consequently, you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion. In this instance, you are effectively A) demonstrating role taking. B) playing the part of a significant other. C) playing the part of a generalized other. D) completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory.

13) Which sociologist suggested that during the second stage of development, children become capable of assuming the perspective of another and are thereby able to respond from that imagined viewpoint? A) Erving Goffman B) George Herbert Mead C) Alvin Gouldner D) William F. Ogburn 14) Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? A) generalized other B) significant other C) impression management D) symbolic other 15) According to George Herbert Mead, during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position? A) the preparatory stage B) the game stage C) the play stage D) the concrete operational stage 16) Becky has a toy vacuum. She often pushes it around the living room. Becky is in the A) preparatory stage. B) game stage. C) play stage. D) concrete operational stage. 17) Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika, who appears to have a scoring opportunity. Allison's pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development, according to George Herbert Mead? A) the preparatory stage B) the imitative stage C) the play stage D) the game stage 18) Significant others is A) Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole. B) George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. C) George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self. D) George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) Which of the following is the best example of a significant other? A) a casual acquaintance B) a clerk in a department store C) a parent D) someone you met at a party last night 20) Bob is on his first date with Mary, whom he really likes. He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too, and to want to go out with him again. This is an example of A) face-work. B) impression management. C) idealization of the other. D) role taking. 21) Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach, impression management, and face-work? A) Charles Horton Cooley B) George Herbert Mead C) Erving Goffman D) Wilbert Moore 22) Early in life, a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences. This process is known as A) impression management. B) reverse socialization. C) face-work. D) anticipatory socialization. 23) The dramaturgical approach is A) a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers. B) a framework developed by George Herbert Mead. C) a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others. D) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. 24) Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of face-work? A) altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences B) people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public C) institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life D) the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts 25) A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend, "There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) anticipatory socialization. C) impression management. D) face-work. 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Most adolescents seek jobs in order to A) identify a career choice. B) make spending money. C) assist with their parents' household expenses. D) pay for education. 27) Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? A) Sigmund Freud B) Harry Harlow C) Charles Horton Cooley D) George Herbert Mead 28) A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight. This child is probably in which stage of development, according to Jean Piaget? A) concrete operational B) sensorimotor C) formal operational D) preoperational 29) Susie is beginning to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas. According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development, Susie is in the A) sensorimotor stage. B) preoperational stage. C) concrete operational stage. D) formal operational stage. 30) Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development? A) the preoperational stage B) the concrete operational stage C) the formal operational stage D) the sensorimotor stage 31) The members of your nuclear family, your athletic coach, a teacher in a large lecture hall, and your best friend are all significant others. 32) Individuals who learn to slant their presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences are participating in impression management. 33) Describe George Herbert Mead's various stages of the self. Define the terms generalized others and significant others.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 15 Agents of Socialization 1) Gender roles are A) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. B) the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. C) universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females. D) the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body hair. Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) The Amish period of discovery in which young people attend barn dances and break social norms is referred to as A) Rumspringa. B) enlightenment. C) worldly activities. D) adolescence. Answer: A Topic: Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which conflict theorists suggest that schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments that can cause children to feel stupid and unsuccessful? A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels B) Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis C) Friedrich Engels and Thomas Mann D) Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) The statement "African American parents have learned that children as young as two years can absorb negative messages about Blacks in children's books, toys, and television shows" most likely supports the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 5) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent? A) Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class. B) Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status. C) Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society. D) A teacher's style may often influence classroom interaction. Answer: C Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the conflict and functionalist explanations of the role of schools as socializing agents. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 8) As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of A) the family. B) the state. C) religion. D) the mass media. Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which of the following is an example of a widely used agent of socialization amongst teenagers? A) Internet B) radio C) motion pictures D) television Answer: A Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) Which of the following statements regarding the use of media and technology as an agent of socialization is true? A) Socialization tends not to occur online. B) Today, the question is no longer if young people are plugged it, but how they use the resources. C) The age at which people go online has been increasing. D) A large percentage of teenagers are using the radio for socialization. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Which of the following statements regarding parental monitoring of the digital world is true? A) Parents profess that they have a large amount of knowledge pertaining to their children's online behavior. B) Mothers are more likely to monitor online activity than are fathers. C) Parents who have higher incomes tend to discuss online activity more than those with lower incomes. D) All parents know their children's passwords for e-mail and cell phones. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology; Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Prior to the 20th century, the protective function belonged to A) hospitals. B) the family. C) child care centers. D) mental health clinics. Answer: B Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Organized religion and government have impacted the life course by reinstituting some of the ________ once observed in agricultural communities and early industrial societies. A) beliefs B) folkways C) informal norms D) rites of passage Answer: D Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government; Life Course Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Rites of passage are A) gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. B) stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age. C) rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. D) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. Answer: C Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true? A) The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage. B) All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage. C) People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of A) role taking. B) impression management. C) rites of passage. D) face-work. Answer: C Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) Life course theorists suggest socialization A) stops after a person experiences a rite of passage. B) continues through all stages of the life cycle. C) is attributable solely to biological influences. D) is attributable to both biological and physical influences. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 18) Anticipatory socialization refers to A) the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture. B) processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. C) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. D) the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her school's swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college. This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) resocialization. C) desocialization. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: D Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Which of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life? A) role divestment B) resocialization C) desocialization D) anticipatory socialization Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Which of the following is an example of a total institution? A) a high school B) a mental hospital C) a Girl Scout troop D) the New York Mets Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

22) In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as A) degradation ceremonies. B) resocialization. C) anticipatory socialization. D) reverse socialization. Answer: A Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) An inmate enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by number. This is an example of A) anticipatory socialization. B) a rite of passage. C) a degradation ceremony. D) ascription. Answer: C Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: C Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Jane has two young, active children. She is also the primary caregiver or her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. Answer: A Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 27) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of let-down as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. Answer: D Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. Answer: B Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 29) Which of the following is responsible for propelling mothers of young children into the working world? A) the need for additional family income B) the decrease in single-parent families C) increased job opportunities for men D) the decrease in the gender pay gap Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) Which of the following statements is true of child care in the United States? A) Children under the age of five are more likely to be cared for by their grandparents or other relatives. B) High-quality child care centers do adversely affect the socialization of children. C) The majority of infants in the United States are cared for by their parents. D) The federal government does not support child care. Answer: A Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) The family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Gender roles are the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. Answer: FALSE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Explain how culture, race, and gender can influence the way families socialize their children. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34) Girls are socialized differently than boys within the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction; The self Learning Objective: Summarize the contributions of Cooley, Mead, and Goffman regarding the role of social interaction in the development of the sense of self. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) Within peer groups, individuals tend to associate with others who are close in age and enjoy a similar social status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

36) Socialization does not take place online. Answer: FALSE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Religion and the state are examples of agents of socialization. Answer: TRUE Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture; Government Learning Objective: Summarize the socializing roles of religion and the state. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38) The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Socialization ends when you become an adult. Answer: FALSE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Individuality is often lost within total institutions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person to another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Pre-schoolers typically are not cared for by their parents. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43) Few people in the United States or elsewhere can afford the luxury of having a parent stay at home, or of paying for high-quality live-in child care. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) Finding affordable child care is not a problem in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Nearly all child care workers are women. Answer: TRUE Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Agents of socialization Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Describe how the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives view the role of socialization in creating a social self in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Agents of socialization; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: List and summarize seven major agents of socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 48) Discuss the importance of peer groups on children's social development. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Agents of socialization; Culture Learning Objective: Summarize the influence of peer groups on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Media Learning Objective: Describe the increasing impact of media and technology on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) Identify and describe a rite of passage in your culture. Why are rites of passage important in one's culture? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Culture; Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

51) Explain the differences and similarities among socialization, resocialization, and anticipatory socialization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Discuss the various stages of retirement. What factors can complicate the retirement process? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Life Course Learning Objective: Explain the role of socialization through the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) Discuss child care in the United States from the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Socialization Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the impact of child care on socialization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 15 Agents of Socialization 1) Gender roles are A) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. B) the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. C) universally consistent learned behaviors of males and females. D) the biological characteristics of males and females, such as genital organs, hormones, and body hair. 2) The Amish period of discovery in which young people attend barn dances and break social norms is referred to as A) Rumspringa. B) enlightenment. C) worldly activities. D) adolescence. 3) Which conflict theorists suggest that schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments that can cause children to feel stupid and unsuccessful? A) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels B) Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis C) Friedrich Engels and Thomas Mann D) Daniel Albas and Cheryl Albas 4) The statement "African American parents have learned that children as young as two years can absorb negative messages about Blacks in children's books, toys, and television shows" most likely supports the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 5) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how schools in the U.S. foster competition through built-in systems of rewards and punishments? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 6) As primary agents of childhood socialization, schools play a critical role in teaching children the values and customs of the larger society. This view of the socialization process is most likely of particular interest to which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent? A) Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class. B) Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status. C) Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society. D) A teacher's style may often influence classroom interaction. 8) As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of A) the family. B) the state. C) religion. D) the mass media. 9) Which of the following is an example of a widely used agent of socialization amongst teenagers? A) Internet B) radio C) motion pictures D) television 10) Which of the following statements regarding the use of media and technology as an agent of socialization is true? A) Socialization tends not to occur online. B) Today, the question is no longer if young people are plugged it, but how they use the resources. C) The age at which people go online has been increasing. D) A large percentage of teenagers are using the radio for socialization. 11) Which of the following statements regarding parental monitoring of the digital world is true? A) Parents profess that they have a large amount of knowledge pertaining to their children's online behavior. B) Mothers are more likely to monitor online activity than are fathers. C) Parents who have higher incomes tend to discuss online activity more than those with lower incomes. D) All parents know their children's passwords for e-mail and cell phones. 12) Prior to the 20th century, the protective function belonged to A) hospitals. B) the family. C) child care centers. D) mental health clinics.

13) Organized religion and government have impacted the life course by reinstituting some of the ________ once observed in agricultural communities and early industrial societies. A) beliefs B) folkways C) informal norms D) rites of passage 14) Rites of passage are A) gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication. B) stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age. C) rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another. D) expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females. 15) Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true? A) The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage. B) All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage. C) People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17. D) All of these answers are correct. 16) A retirement party, a high-school graduation party, and a confirmation party are all examples of A) role taking. B) impression management. C) rites of passage. D) face-work. 17) Life course theorists suggest socialization A) stops after a person experiences a rite of passage. B) continues through all stages of the life cycle. C) is attributable solely to biological influences. D) is attributable to both biological and physical influences. 18) Anticipatory socialization refers to A) the process whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture. B) processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. C) the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. D) the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers.

19) A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her school's swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college. This is an example of A) reverse socialization. B) resocialization. C) desocialization. D) anticipatory socialization. 20) Which of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life? A) role divestment B) resocialization C) desocialization D) anticipatory socialization 21) Which of the following is an example of a total institution? A) a high school B) a mental hospital C) a Girl Scout troop D) the New York Mets 22) In total institutions, people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as A) degradation ceremonies. B) resocialization. C) anticipatory socialization. D) reverse socialization. 23) An inmate enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by number. This is an example of A) anticipatory socialization. B) a rite of passage. C) a degradation ceremony. D) ascription. 24) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization.

25) Jane has two young, active children. She is also the primary caregiver or her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. 26) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase 27) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of let-down as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. 28) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. 29) Which of the following is responsible for propelling mothers of young children into the working world? A) the need for additional family income B) the decrease in single-parent families C) increased job opportunities for men D) the decrease in the gender pay gap 30) Which of the following statements is true of child care in the United States? A) Children under the age of five are more likely to be cared for by their grandparents or other relatives. B) High-quality child care centers do adversely affect the socialization of children. C) The majority of infants in the United States are cared for by their parents. D) The federal government does not support child care. 31) Education, religion, and the government all impact an individual's socialization. 32) The family is the most important agent of socialization in the United States. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

33) Gender roles are the biologically determined patterns of behavior that are appropriate for males and females. 34) Girls are socialized differently than boys within the United States. 35) Within peer groups, individuals tend to associate with others who are close in age and enjoy a similar social status. 36) Socialization does not take place online. 37) Religion and the state are examples of agents of socialization. 38) The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status. 39) Socialization ends when you become an adult. 40) Individuality is often lost within total institutions. 41) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person to another. 42) Pre-schoolers typically are not cared for by their parents. 43) Few people in the United States or elsewhere can afford the luxury of having a parent stay at home, or of paying for high-quality live-in child care. 44) Finding affordable child care is not a problem in the United States. 45) Nearly all child care workers are women. 46) Identify the various agents of socialization and discuss the importance of each in the formation of a social self. 47) Describe how the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives view the role of socialization in creating a social self in society. 48) Discuss the importance of peer groups on children's social development. 49) Describe the ways in which the media impacts youth in the U.S. 50) Identify and describe a rite of passage in your culture. Why are rites of passage important in one's culture? 51) Explain the differences and similarities among socialization, resocialization, and anticipatory socialization. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

52) Discuss the various stages of retirement. What factors can complicate the retirement process? 53) Discuss child care in the United States from the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 16 Social Interaction and Social Structure 1) Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards A) indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory. B) demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur. C) indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics. D) demonstrated that a social structure cannot influence the type of social interactions that occur. Answer: B Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Social interaction is A) the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups. B) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. C) the ways in which people respond to one another. D) a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that A) the reality of humans is shaped only by our perceptions. B) humans respond to behavior in a negative fashion. C) humans interpret or define each other's actions. D) humans will only react to each other's actions. Answer: C Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

28) In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core element of the first stage? A) searching for alternatives B) identity creation C) doubt D) action Answer: C Topic: Social roles Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) A social network is A) a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. B) an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. C) a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. Answer: C Topic: Social structure; Mass Media Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 30) Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs? A) social networks B) social institutions C) functional prerequisites D) communities Answer: B Topic: Social structure; Social institutions Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

31) Which of the following is an example of a social institution? A) the U.S. government B) a group of passengers on an inner-city bus C) the members of a stamp-collecting society D) a children's playgroup Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Social institutions Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 32) Which of the following statements pertaining to coalitions is true? A) Coalitions can be broad-based. B) Coalitions can usually only take on one objective. C) Coalitions are formed with groups that are small. D) Coalitions can only be narrow. Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) Sociological research that maps sexual relationships amongst high school students is an example of research on A) ascribed statuses. B) role exit. C) social networks. D) social institutions. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

34) A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of A) role connection. B) impression management. C) status assistance. D) social networking. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 35) Which of the following networks is more likely to become elitist or exclusionary? A) in-groups B) out-groups C) reference groups D) coalitions Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 36) According to the text, network research is beginning to focus on A) face-to-face encounters. B) social media. C) letter writing. D) phone calls. Answer: B Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

37) Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 38) Functional prerequisites are A) tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) attempts to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 39) Which of the following is true of the functional perspectives? A) Finding or producing new members is not sufficient. B) Groups should not replace personnel when they die. C) Patriotism does not generally help people develop and maintain a sense of purpose. D) Failure to preserve order is not dangerous. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

40) The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 in coming to witness the Inauguration of President Barack Obama represents what kind of functionalist prerequisite? A) teaching new recruits B) preserving order C) replacing personnel D) providing and maintaining a sense of purpose Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 41) The conflict perspective holds that social institutions A) maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society. B) preserve order and equality. C) train personnel equitably. D) provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 42) The role of a social institution from a functionalist perspective is to A) meet basic social needs. B) foster everyday behavior. C) preserve autonomy. D) influence the masses. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

43) Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that our social behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses we accept, the groups to which we belong, and the institutions within which we function? A) conflict B) interactionist C) global D) functionalist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 44) Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities affects their social behavior? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 45) Reality is shaped by our definitions—but not by our perceptions and evaluations. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) Social reality is literally constructed from our social interactions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

47) Positive age-seniority language distinctions are uncommon in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 48) Gender is an ascribed status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) Ascribed, achieved, and master are all examples of social statuses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure; Status Learning Objective: List the various types of statuses in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) Twitter has functioned as an important social networking tool. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) The mass media are an example of a social institution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass Media; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) Identify and discuss the elements of social structure. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses, and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Explain the difference between role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) Explain the ways in which a social network can either help or hinder a person. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Define and discuss social institutions. Why is the mass media considered a social institution? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass Media Learning Objective: Describe the pitfalls and benefits of social networks and virtual worlds. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 16 Social Interaction and Social Structure 1) Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards A) indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory. B) demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur. C) indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics. D) demonstrated that a social structure cannot influence the type of social interactions that occur. 2) Social interaction is A) the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups. B) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. C) the ways in which people respond to one another. D) a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. 3) According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that A) the reality of humans is shaped only by our perceptions. B) humans respond to behavior in a negative fashion. C) humans interpret or define each other's actions. D) humans will only react to each other's actions. 4) Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan? A) Most husbands do not call their wife by name. B) Husbands say "I love you" more often than those of other nationalities. C) Most married Japanese couples do not actually love one another. D) Marriage is considered more a relationship than a social status. 5) William I. Thomas wrote from which perspective when observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation, but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 6) Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? A) socialization B) social structure C) social interaction D) culture

7) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society? A) status B) culture C) social structure D) gemeinschaft 8) Jan, Randy, and Terry are science majors, and when they graduate from college, they find jobs as a nurse, a midwife, and a hospital administrator, respectively. These new positions are examples of A) statuses. B) social roles. C) groups. D) social networks. 9) Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying social work. Which of the following is his achieved status? A) social worker B) male C) African American D) college student 10) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. B) "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. C) that is earned. D) that is reached as a result of negotiation. 11) Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's A) race, gender, and age. B) age, educational achievements, and gender. C) employment status, age, and race. D) gender, race, and social class. 12) Which of the following is considered an achieved status? A) race B) gender C) occupation D) age 13) Which sociological perspective is especially interested in ascribed statuses because they often confer privileges or reflect a person's membership in a subordinate group? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 27) Role exit is defined as A) the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity. B) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person. C) a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual. D) a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position. 28) In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core element of the first stage? A) searching for alternatives B) identity creation C) doubt D) action 29) A social network is A) a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character. B) an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. C) a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships. 30) Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs? A) social networks B) social institutions C) functional prerequisites D) communities 31) Which of the following is an example of a social institution? A) the U.S. government B) a group of passengers on an inner-city bus C) the members of a stamp-collecting society D) a children's playgroup

32) Which of the following statements pertaining to coalitions is true? A) Coalitions can be broad-based. B) Coalitions can usually only take on one objective. C) Coalitions are formed with groups that are small. D) Coalitions can only be narrow. 33) Sociological research that maps sexual relationships amongst high school students is an example of research on A) ascribed statuses. B) role exit. C) social networks. D) social institutions. 34) A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of A) role connection. B) impression management. C) status assistance. D) social networking. 35) Which of the following networks is more likely to become elitist or exclusionary? A) in-groups B) out-groups C) reference groups D) coalitions 36) According to the text, network research is beginning to focus on A) face-to-face encounters. B) social media. C) letter writing. D) phone calls. 37) Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 38) Functional prerequisites are A) tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people. D) attempts to reach agreement with others concerning some objective. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

39) Which of the following is true of the functional perspectives? A) Finding or producing new members is not sufficient. B) Groups should not replace personnel when they die. C) Patriotism does not generally help people develop and maintain a sense of purpose. D) Failure to preserve order is not dangerous. 40) The patriotic behavior of U.S. citizens on January 20, 2009 in coming to witness the Inauguration of President Barack Obama represents what kind of functionalist prerequisite? A) teaching new recruits B) preserving order C) replacing personnel D) providing and maintaining a sense of purpose 41) The conflict perspective holds that social institutions A) maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society. B) preserve order and equality. C) train personnel equitably. D) provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness. 42) The role of a social institution from a functionalist perspective is to A) meet basic social needs. B) foster everyday behavior. C) preserve autonomy. D) influence the masses. 43) Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that our social behavior is conditioned by the roles and statuses we accept, the groups to which we belong, and the institutions within which we function? A) conflict B) interactionist C) global D) functionalist 44) Which sociological perspective might observe the division of labor among the staff members in a hospital emergency room and focus on how the allocation of responsibilities affects their social behavior? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 45) Reality is shaped by our definitions—but not by our perceptions and evaluations. 46) Social reality is literally constructed from our social interactions. 47) Positive age-seniority language distinctions are uncommon in the United States. 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

48) Gender is an ascribed status. 49) Ascribed, achieved, and master are all examples of social statuses. 50) Twitter has functioned as an important social networking tool. 51) The mass media are an example of a social institution. 52) Identify and discuss the elements of social structure. 53) Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved statuses, and give examples to support your answer. 54) Explain the difference between role conflict, role strain, and role exit. 55) Explain the ways in which a social network can either help or hinder a person. 56) Define and discuss social institutions. Why is the mass media considered a social institution?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 17 Social Structure in Global Perspective 1) Émile Durkheim argued that social structure depends on which of the following? A) leadership B) laws C) division of labor D) hierarchy Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of solidarity becomes more A) mechanical. B) organic. C) preservationist. D) institutionalized. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. A) Gemeinschaft B) Gesellschaft C) mechanical solidarity D) organic solidarity Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a A) Gemeinschaft. B) Gesellschaft. C) Gesundheit. D) Glockenspiel. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies with the term A) Gesellschaft. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Today, Steve went into a grocery store where a stranger checked out his purchases and another stranger bagged his groceries. Then he went to a fast-food restaurant and purchased a hamburger from another stranger, and on his way home he stopped at an intersection, where an unknown police officer raised her hand. These experiences are all characteristic of A) Gesellschaft relationships. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft relationships. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of A) farming. B) education. C) technology. D) banking. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following characteristics applies to Gemeinschaft? A) Social interactions are impersonal and task-specific. B) Rural life typifies this form. C) Self-interest dominates. D) People are more tolerant of deviance. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 9) Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection? A) postmodernism B) negotiated order C) industrialization D) sociocultural evolution Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to live is called a(n) A) agrarian society. B) hunting-and-gathering society. C) horticultural society. D) slash-and-burn farming society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone axe, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n) A) agrarian society. B) horticultural society. C) hunting-and-gathering society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is called a(n) A) hunting-and-gathering society. B) agrarian society. C) horticultural society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) postmodern society. D) preindustrial society. Answer: A Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of postmodern societies? A) Workplaces moved from the family cottage to centralized locations. B) Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent. C) Formal educational institutions developed. D) Mass consumption of consumer goods and media images. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of information is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postmodern society. C) postindustrial society. D) agrarian society. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) industrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view represents which sociological perspective? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Social structure; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images is called a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) In the U.S., we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. Answer: D Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) The practice of buying more than we need or want, and often more than we can afford is referred to as A) capitalism. B) McDonaldization. C) hyper consumerism. D) consumerism. Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Sociologists have linked the recent decline in private-sector union membership to a widening gap between hourly workers' wages and managerial and executive compensation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) Émile Durkheim argued that mechanical solidarity is characteristic of the interdependence of people in a complex society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) The sociocultural evolutionary approach emphasizes a developmental perspective and pictures different types of social structures coexisting within the same society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Discuss how the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism view the role of social institutions in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Social institutions Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Describe sociologist Gerhard Lenski's stages of sociocultural evolution, and explain how his view differs from that of Émile Durkheim's mechanical and organic solidarity and Ferdinand Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) Define and discuss sociocultural evolution. How does this pattern help explain the changes in human societies? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Describe Durkheim's, Tönnies's, and Lenski's approaches to classifying forms of social structure. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) According to sociologist Herbert Blumer (1969), there is one distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people. Identify and discuss this characteristic. Provide an example from your own experience that illustrates this distinctive characteristic. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social interaction Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 17 Social Structure in Global Perspective 1) Émile Durkheim argued that social structure depends on which of the following? A) leadership B) laws C) division of labor D) hierarchy 2) Émile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of solidarity becomes more A) mechanical. B) organic. C) preservationist. D) institutionalized. 3) Ferdinand Tönnies used the term ________ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group. A) Gemeinschaft B) Gesellschaft C) mechanical solidarity D) organic solidarity 4) Ferdinand Tönnies would view hunting-and-gathering societies as examples of a A) Gemeinschaft. B) Gesellschaft. C) Gesundheit. D) Glockenspiel. 5) In a small town in the Midwest, all of the children attend the same school and most of the community members attend the same church. Everyone in this community knows everyone else, and they have shared numerous experiences with one another. This community would be characterized by Ferdinand Tönnies with the term A) Gesellschaft. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft. 6) Today, Steve went into a grocery store where a stranger checked out his purchases and another stranger bagged his groceries. Then he went to a fast-food restaurant and purchased a hamburger from another stranger, and on his way home he stopped at an intersection, where an unknown police officer raised her hand. These experiences are all characteristic of A) Gesellschaft relationships. B) organic solidarity. C) mechanical solidarity. D) Gemeinschaft relationships. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of A) farming. B) education. C) technology. D) banking. 8) Which of the following characteristics applies to Gemeinschaft? A) Social interactions are impersonal and task-specific. B) Rural life typifies this form. C) Self-interest dominates. D) People are more tolerant of deviance. 9) Which of the following can be defined as the long-term trends in societies resulting from the interplay of continuity, innovation, and selection? A) postmodernism B) negotiated order C) industrialization D) sociocultural evolution 10) A preindustrial society in which people rely on whatever foods and fibers are readily available in order to live is called a(n) A) agrarian society. B) hunting-and-gathering society. C) horticultural society. D) slash-and-burn farming society. 11) The Yanomamö, a South American culture, live in a village and spend most of their time searching for food and tending small gardens. Their primary tool is a stone axe, which they use for cutting down trees to expand their gardens. The Yanomamö are an example of a(n) A) agrarian society. B) horticultural society. C) hunting-and-gathering society. D) postmodern society. 12) In the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society, members are engaged primarily in food production. They increase their crop yields through such innovations as the plow. This type of society is called a(n) A) hunting-and-gathering society. B) agrarian society. C) horticultural society. D) postmodern society. 13) A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) postmodern society. D) preindustrial society. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Which of the following was characteristic of the emergence of postmodern societies? A) Workplaces moved from the family cottage to centralized locations. B) Individuals, villages, and regions began to exchange goods and services and become interdependent. C) Formal educational institutions developed. D) Mass consumption of consumer goods and media images. 15) A society whose economic system is engaged in the processing and control of information is called a(n) A) industrial society. B) postmodern society. C) postindustrial society. D) agrarian society. 16) A society that is primarily concerned with providing services rather than manufacturing goods is a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) postindustrial society. C) industrial society. D) postmodern society. 17) Daniel Bell views postindustrial societies as consensual, because he believes that postindustrial societies are characterized by interest groups concerned with such national issues as health, education, and the environment working for the common good. Bell's view represents which sociological perspective? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective 18) A technologically sophisticated society that is preoccupied with consumer goods and media images is called a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society. 19) In the U.S., we listen to music imported from Jamaica, eat sushi and other Japanese foods, and watch movies produced in Italy. These are all features of a(n) A) preindustrial society. B) industrial society. C) postindustrial society. D) postmodern society.

20) The practice of buying more than we need or want, and often more than we can afford is referred to as A) capitalism. B) McDonaldization. C) hyper consumerism. D) consumerism. 21) Sociologists have linked the recent decline in private-sector union membership to a widening gap between hourly workers' wages and managerial and executive compensation. 22) Émile Durkheim argued that mechanical solidarity is characteristic of the interdependence of people in a complex society. 23) The sociocultural evolutionary approach emphasizes a developmental perspective and pictures different types of social structures coexisting within the same society. 24) Discuss how the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and interactionism view the role of social institutions in society. 25) Describe sociologist Gerhard Lenski's stages of sociocultural evolution, and explain how his view differs from that of Émile Durkheim's mechanical and organic solidarity and Ferdinand Tönnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. 26) Define and discuss sociocultural evolution. How does this pattern help explain the changes in human societies? 27) According to sociologist Herbert Blumer (1969), there is one distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people. Identify and discuss this characteristic. Provide an example from your own experience that illustrates this distinctive characteristic.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 18 Understanding Groups 1) A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. A) group B) negotiation team C) organic solidarity D) aggregate Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A primary group is a small group that is A) characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding. B) characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. C) used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior. D) characterized by impersonality and face-to-face associations. Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses? A) secondary groups B) primary groups C) aggregates D) formal organizations Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following is likely to be a primary group? A) all of the players in the National Hockey League B) the American Civil Liberties Union C) the members of a neighborhood softball team D) all American citizens Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 5) Which type of group is most important for socialization? A) primary groups B) coalitions C) out-groups D) secondary groups Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group? A) the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity B) the members of a small commune in Idaho C) the members of the United Nations General Assembly D) the members of a family Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary group? A) They are generally small. B) Relationships are generally superficial. C) The dynamic is cooperative and friendly. D) The interaction is intimate and usually a face-to-face association. Answer: B Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n) A) dyad. B) triad. C) in-group. D) out-group. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n) A) social network. B) primary group. C) reference group. D) out-group. Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Proper behavior for the in-group is often viewed as unacceptable behavior for the out-group. Sociologist Robert Merton describes this process as the conversion of "in-group virtues" into A) "in-group vices." B) "out-group virtues." C) "out-group vices." D) goal displacement. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Groups; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered A) a reference group. B) a secondary group. C) a focus group. D) a status group. Answer: A Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of reference groups in setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Groups; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) A college law enforcement major watches the behavior of television police detectives with great admiration. These detectives could be considered A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a triad. D) a reference group. Answer: D Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is referred to as A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a coalition. D) a reference group. Answer: C Topic: Groups Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) Coalitions consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Compare and contrast the different types of groups. Have you had any experiences with any of these groups? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status Learning Objective: Differentiate among the five different types of groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 18 Understanding Groups 1) A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. A) group B) negotiation team C) organic solidarity D) aggregate 2) A primary group is a small group that is A) characterized by impersonality, with little intimacy or mutual understanding. B) characterized by intimate, face-to-face association and cooperation. C) used as a standard for evaluating oneself and one's behavior. D) characterized by impersonality and face-to-face associations. 3) Which type of group plays a pivotal role in the socialization process and the development of roles and statuses? A) secondary groups B) primary groups C) aggregates D) formal organizations 4) Which of the following is likely to be a primary group? A) all of the players in the National Hockey League B) the American Civil Liberties Union C) the members of a neighborhood softball team D) all American citizens 5) Which type of group is most important for socialization? A) primary groups B) coalitions C) out-groups D) secondary groups 6) Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group 7) Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group? A) the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity B) the members of a small commune in Idaho C) the members of the United Nations General Assembly D) the members of a family 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary group? A) They are generally small. B) Relationships are generally superficial. C) The dynamic is cooperative and friendly. D) The interaction is intimate and usually a face-to-face association. 9) Any group or category to which people feel they belong is called a(n) A) dyad. B) triad. C) in-group. D) out-group. 10) A group to which people feel they do not belong is called a(n) A) social network. B) primary group. C) reference group. D) out-group. 11) Proper behavior for the in-group is often viewed as unacceptable behavior for the out-group. Sociologist Robert Merton describes this process as the conversion of "in-group virtues" into A) "in-group vices." B) "out-group virtues." C) "out-group vices." D) goal displacement. 12) The destructive consequences of tensions between in-groups and out-groups would probably be stressed by which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 13) A woman who has not attended school in 13 years enrolls for classes at the local community college. She is afraid that her younger classmates might not accept her. On the first day of class, she observes the clothing styles of her classmates, and after school she goes shopping and purchases similar clothes. Her classmates could be considered A) a reference group. B) a secondary group. C) a focus group. D) a status group.

14) Which sociological perspective emphasizes the role of reference groups in setting and enforcing standards of conduct and belief? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 15) Which term is used by sociologists when speaking of any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior? A) primary group B) secondary group C) tertiary group D) reference group 16) A college law enforcement major watches the behavior of television police detectives with great admiration. These detectives could be considered A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a triad. D) a reference group. 17) A temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal is referred to as A) an out-group. B) a focus group. C) a coalition. D) a reference group. 18) Coalitions consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. 19) Compare and contrast the different types of groups. Have you had any experiences with any of these groups?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 19 Understanding Organizations 1) Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as A) informal organizations. B) formal organizations. C) coalitions. D) primary groups. Answer: B Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following is an example of a formal organization? A) a community college basketball team B) the people in a New York City subway car C) the General Motors Corporation D) the local kids' swim team Answer: C Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) A bureaucracy is a(n) A) two-member group. B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. D) component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency. Answer: D Topic: Social structure; Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n) A) coalition. B) ideal type. C) metaphor. D) questionnaire. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of A) employment based on technical qualifications. B) hierarchy of authority. C) division of labor. D) written rules and regulations. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme A) motion sickness. B) alienation. C) anomie. D) goal displacement. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks? A) job security B) family values C) economic positions D) hierarchy of control Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as A) goal displacement. B) oligarchy. C) manifest destiny. D) trained incapacity. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) The failure of various government intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy? A) division of labor B) hierarchy of authority C) impersonality D) employment based on technical qualifications Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) A college is run by a board of trustees, which hires a president, who in turn selects vice presidents, deans, and other administrators. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of A) written rules and regulations. B) division of labor. C) impersonality. D) hierarchy of authority. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Goal displacement is A) the tendency for workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. B) a principle of organizational life according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. C) overzealous conformity to official regulations within a bureaucracy. D) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S. citizenship. This is an example of A) goal displacement. B) goal multiplication. C) trained incapacity. D) hierarchy of authority. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct? A) The division of labor does not really produce any positive consequences. B) The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving employees a voice in decision making. C) An organization's written rules and regulations have the positive consequence of leading to goal displacement. D) Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) The untested hypothesis that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as A) goal displacement. B) the Peter principle. C) trained incapacity. D) bureaucracy. Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Bureaucratization is A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) ________ is used to describe the process by which the principles of bureaucratization have increasingly shaped organizations worldwide. A) Globalization B) Corporatization C) Privatization D) McDonaldization Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle A) of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals. B) under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests. C) of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. D) under which organizations are created to maximize efficiency and effectiveness. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) Oligarchies emerge because A) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal. B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy, and they are respected by their followers, who permit them to rule unhindered. C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. D) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal; and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by A) Parkinson's law. B) the Peter principle. C) the iron law of oligarchy. D) the scientific management approach. Answer: C Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) According to the classical theory of formal organizations, workers are motivated almost entirely by A) economic rewards. B) fear of their superiors. C) norms of conformity to the group. D) the need for job satisfaction. Answer: A Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on A) the dangers of collective bargaining. B) the role of people, communication, and participation among the company executives. C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. D) workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies. Answer: D Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) ________ consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. A) Political parties B) Labor unions C) Reference groups D) Coalitions Answer: B Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society is referred to as alienation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Bureaucratization only takes place within large-group settings. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social structure Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Discuss Max Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy. Is it possible to have a perfect bureaucracy? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) Define and discuss labor unions. What are some of the reasons that are contributing to the decline in union membership? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Bureaucracies Learning Objective: Analyze the structure of organizations and bureaucracies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 19 Understanding Organizations 1) Special-purpose groups designed and structured in the interests of maximum efficiency are known as A) informal organizations. B) formal organizations. C) coalitions. D) primary groups. 2) Which of the following is an example of a formal organization? A) a community college basketball team B) the people in a New York City subway car C) the General Motors Corporation D) the local kids' swim team 3) A bureaucracy is a(n) A) two-member group. B) small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal. C) organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate. D) component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency. 4) A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which specific cases can be evaluated is called a(n) A) coalition. B) ideal type. C) metaphor. D) questionnaire. 5) By working at a specific task, people are more likely to become highly skilled and carry out a job with maximum efficiency. This is the rationale for the bureaucratic characteristic of A) employment based on technical qualifications. B) hierarchy of authority. C) division of labor. D) written rules and regulations. 6) In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels charged that the capitalist system reduces workers to a mere "appendage of the machine," which leads to extreme A) motion sickness. B) alienation. C) anomie. D) goal displacement.

7) Which of the following does Marx and conflict theorists believe is weakened by restricting workers to very small tasks? A) job security B) family values C) economic positions D) hierarchy of control 8) The tendency of workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems is known as A) goal displacement. B) oligarchy. C) manifest destiny. D) trained incapacity. 9) The failure of various government intelligence-gathering organizations to detect the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, illustrates which poorly functioning aspect of government bureaucracy? A) division of labor B) hierarchy of authority C) impersonality D) employment based on technical qualifications 10) A college is run by a board of trustees, which hires a president, who in turn selects vice presidents, deans, and other administrators. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of A) written rules and regulations. B) division of labor. C) impersonality. D) hierarchy of authority. 11) Goal displacement is A) the tendency for workers in a bureaucracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems. B) a principle of organizational life according to which each individual within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. C) overzealous conformity to official regulations within a bureaucracy. D) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. 12) A domestic abuse counselor fails to listen to an injured woman because the woman has no valid proof of U.S. citizenship. This is an example of A) goal displacement. B) goal multiplication. C) trained incapacity. D) hierarchy of authority.

13) Which of these comments about a bureaucracy is correct? A) The division of labor does not really produce any positive consequences. B) The hierarchy of authority has the negative consequence for the individual of depriving employees a voice in decision making. C) An organization's written rules and regulations have the positive consequence of leading to goal displacement. D) Hiring is based on technical qualifications rather than on favoritism. 14) The untested hypothesis that every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence is referred to as A) goal displacement. B) the Peter principle. C) trained incapacity. D) bureaucracy. 15) Bureaucratization is A) an element or process of society that may disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability. B) organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs. C) the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic. D) the process through which an organization identifies an entirely new objective because its traditional goals have been either realized or denied. 16) ________ is used to describe the process by which the principles of bureaucratization have increasingly shaped organizations worldwide. A) Globalization B) Corporatization C) Privatization D) McDonaldization 17) The "iron law of oligarchy" is a principle A) of organizational life according to which even democratic organizations will become bureaucracies ruled by a few individuals. B) under which organizations are established on the basis of common interests. C) of organizational life according to which each individual in a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence. D) under which organizations are created to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.

18) Oligarchies emerge because A) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal. B) the most capable people always rise to the top of a bureaucracy, and they are respected by their followers, who permit them to rule unhindered. C) the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. D) people in leadership roles have skills, knowledge, or charismatic appeal; and the rank and file of a movement or organization look to leaders for direction and thereby reinforce the process of rule by a few. 19) Activists in a large city join forces to create a new organization with the goal of preserving landmark buildings that have historical importance. At first, the organization functions democratically, but over time it is taken over by three people. These leaders establish a bureaucratic structure that helps them to maintain control of the organization. These developments can be best explained by A) Parkinson's law. B) the Peter principle. C) the iron law of oligarchy. D) the scientific management approach. 20) According to the classical theory of formal organizations, workers are motivated almost entirely by A) economic rewards. B) fear of their superiors. C) norms of conformity to the group. D) the need for job satisfaction. 21) Planning based on the human relations approach focuses on A) the dangers of collective bargaining. B) the role of people, communication, and participation among the company executives. C) the conflict perspective's critique of capitalism. D) workers' feelings, frustrations, and emotional needs for job satisfaction in bureaucracies. 22) ________ consist of organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer. A) Political parties B) Labor unions C) Reference groups D) Coalitions 23) A condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surrounding society is referred to as alienation. 24) Bureaucratization only takes place within large-group settings. 25) Discuss Max Weber's ideal type of bureaucracy. Is it possible to have a perfect bureaucracy? Why or why not? 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Describe some of the potential negative consequences of the process of bureaucratization. 27) Define and discuss labor unions. What are some of the reasons that are contributing to the decline in union membership?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 20 Sociological Perspectives on the Media 1) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? A) transmitters B) opinion leaders C) mass media D) narcotizers Answer: C Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Magazines would be considered A) transmitters. B) opinion leaders. C) mass media. D) narcotizers. Answer: C Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following is true of mass media in the United States? A) New technologies have changed people's viewing and listening habits. B) People do not spend a lot of time with the new forms of media. C) Media consumers continue to prefer television, as opposed to portable devices. D) New forms of media only provide information on celebrities. Answer: A Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe what mass media is and the various forms it takes. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

46) The media often reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate social expectations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass media Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Functionalists believe the media reflects and even exacerbates many of the divisions in our society and world, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class. Answer: FALSE Topic: Dominant ideology Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 48) The narcotizing dysfunction can desensitize an audience to suffering and can influence the degree to which that audience might conclude that a solution to a crisis has already been found. Answer: TRUE Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) A producer who declines adding a gay character to a storyline because she feels it would "upset certain audience members" is performing a gatekeeping role. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

50) For developing nations, the consequences of the global disconnect are far more serious than an inability to surf the Net. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) Among the major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, interactionism, and the feminist perspective, conflict theorists would be most likely to suggest that the mass media serve a useful function in society by bringing members together in a collective experience. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Feminists typically share the view of conflict theorists that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality. Answer: TRUE Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives; Stereotypes Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) Discuss the role of the media from the functionalist perspective and give examples to illustrate the impact of the media on social life. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Mass media; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the functions of the mass media, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

54) Discuss how the recent war with Iraq may have a narcotizing effect for some viewers, and provide illustrations to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Narcotizing dysfunction Learning Objective: Explain narcotizing dysfunction, according to the functionalist view of the mass media. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) Discuss the role of the media from the conflict perspective. Define the term gatekeeping and give examples to illustrate its effects on society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Media Learning Objective: Summarize how conflict theorists view the mass media as reflecting and exacerbating divisions in our society and world. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Why does the lack of Internet connectivity impact developing nations in such a negative way? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 57) Discuss how the interactionist view is useful in analyzing the role of the audience when trying to understand the impact of the media on social life. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Identify examples of ways in which the media shape our day-to-day social behavior, according to the interactionist theory. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

58) Discuss the similarities between the conflict perspective and feminist perspective regarding the significance of the media in shaping social attitudes. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functional, conflict, interactionist, and feminist views of the mass media. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 20 Sociological Perspectives on the Media 1) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? A) transmitters B) opinion leaders C) mass media D) narcotizers 2) Magazines would be considered A) transmitters. B) opinion leaders. C) mass media. D) narcotizers. 3) Which of the following is true of mass media in the United States? A) New technologies have changed people's viewing and listening habits. B) People do not spend a lot of time with the new forms of media. C) Media consumers continue to prefer television, as opposed to portable devices. D) New forms of media only provide information on celebrities. 4) Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 5) Sociologist Robert Park studied A) the history of radio broadcasting. B) how newspapers helped immigrants to the U.S. adjust to their environments and taught them the customs and opinions of people in their new home country. C) the role the Internet played in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, tragedy. D) rock music as a social problem. 6) Which of the following would the functionalist perspective most likely view as creating the greatest collective experience? A) a college student studying quietly in the library B) a person exercising in a public park C) the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 D) police arresting a shoplifter

7) A new sort of ________ is emerging online: communities developing around common interests or shared identities. A) interactive niche B) tribalism C) online nest D) identity cell 8) Which of the following is considered one way the media reaffirm proper behavior in society? A) newscasters discussing narcotic desensitizing B) a daytime talk show discussion on homosexuality C) movie and TV scenes showing criminals getting caught by authorities D) movie and TV scenes depicting the rape of women 9) Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? A) watching a televised funeral procession B) watching and listening to a Celine Dion video C) watching and listening to a televised cable newscast D) watching a televised execution of a mass murderer 10) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to focus on the functions of the mass media in conferring status on people, organizations, and public issues? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 11) People, organizations, and public issues appearing regularly on the covers of prominent magazines is a method used to A) confer status. B) celebrate events. C) provide fortune. D) promote objectivity in reporting. 12) The function of media advertising is to support the economy, provide information about products, and underwrite media costs associated with A) conferment of status. B) promotion of consumption. C) enforcement of social norms. D) surveillance of the social environment. 13) The widespread dissemination of compromising images that were meant to be shared only among close friends is one aspect of the social phenomenon called A) cyberbullying. B) blackmail. C) bribery. D) cyberstalking. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

45) Even if the audience for a certain form of mass media is spread out over a wide geographic area and the members do not know one another, they will be somewhat distinctive in terms of A) general interest. B) age, gender, income, political party, formal schooling, and race and ethnicity. C) the size of the grouping. D) None of these answers is correct. 46) The media often reaffirm proper behavior by showing what happens to people who violate social expectations. 47) Functionalists believe the media reflects and even exacerbates many of the divisions in our society and world, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class. 48) The narcotizing dysfunction can desensitize an audience to suffering and can influence the degree to which that audience might conclude that a solution to a crisis has already been found. 49) A producer who declines adding a gay character to a storyline because she feels it would "upset certain audience members" is performing a gatekeeping role. 50) For developing nations, the consequences of the global disconnect are far more serious than an inability to surf the Net. 51) Among the major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, interactionism, and the feminist perspective, conflict theorists would be most likely to suggest that the mass media serve a useful function in society by bringing members together in a collective experience. 52) Feminists typically share the view of conflict theorists that the mass media stereotype and misrepresent social reality. 53) Discuss the role of the media from the functionalist perspective and give examples to illustrate the impact of the media on social life. 54) Discuss how the recent war with Iraq may have a narcotizing effect for some viewers, and provide illustrations to support your answer. 55) Discuss the role of the media from the conflict perspective. Define the term gatekeeping and give examples to illustrate its effects on society. 56) Why does the lack of Internet connectivity impact developing nations in such a negative way? 57) Discuss how the interactionist view is useful in analyzing the role of the audience when trying to understand the impact of the media on social life. 58) Discuss the similarities between the conflict perspective and feminist perspective regarding the significance of the media in shaping social attitudes. 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 21 The Audience 1) A person who influences the opinions and decisions of others through day-to-day personal contact and communication is referred to as a(n) A) gatekeeper. B) opinion leader. C) specialist. D) concentrator. Answer: B Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld A) pioneered the study of opinion leaders in his research on voting behavior in the 1940s. B) described the depiction of women as reflecting "innumerable small murders of mind and spirit (that) take place daily." C) researched rock music and found no sociologically credible evidence that rock caused sexual promiscuity, rape, drug abuse, Satanism, or suicide. D) studied how newspapers helped immigrants to the U.S. adjust to their environments and taught them the customs and opinions of their new country. Answer: A Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 3) The media audience is always a secondary group of observers who are spread over a wide geographic area and can most accurately be analyzed from the functionalist perspective. Answer: FALSE Topic: Audience; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) Discuss segmented audience. What drives this type of specialized audience? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Audience Learning Objective: Summarize the various aspects of an audience from both micro-level and macro-level views. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 22 The Media's Global Reach 1) Who predicted nearly 60 years ago that the rise of electronic media would create a "global village," thereby reducing the barriers created by physical distance? A) Erving Goffman B) Vivian Gornick C) Darnell Hunt D) Marshall McLuhan Answer: D Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which metaphor for the media's reach does sociologist Todd Gitlin consider more apt than "global village"? A) global torrent B) global wave C) global city D) global quagmire Answer: A Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) In an effort to better understand and combat a malaria outbreak in Kenya, public health researchers monitored the content of ________ to map the spread of the disease. A) television reports B) text messages C) emails D) health surveys Answer: B Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) The complex issues of censorship can be considered to be an illustration of A) social capital. B) material culture. C) culture lag. D) nonmaterial culture. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 5) Which of the sociological perspectives would more than likely take a positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest ability to facilitate communication? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: A Topic: Technology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 6) Which of the sociological perspectives would express concern about those with power, whether media companies or governments, exercising control over what people can see and read? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: D Topic: Technology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective

7) Which of the sociological perspectives would see the debate over media content as an extension of everyday life? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: C Topic: Technology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 8) Female and male athletes are treated equally by the media. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: List and summarize the three problems that feminists believe arise from media coverage. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) Not all countries are equally connected across the globe. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) The postmodernist media has created a global village, where physical distance is no longer a barrier. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global media Learning Objective: Describe the global nature of the media and their effects on society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) The increase in the use of mass media, specifically electronic media, has allowed for abuses of personal privacy. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) The issues of censorship in the United States lead immediately to the First Amendment of the Constitution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) In general, support for censorship in the United States is very strong. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Discuss censorship. Do you believe that the Internet should be a free and open exchange of ideas and information? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Mass media Learning Objective: Analyze the pros and cons of creating social policy that regulates media concentration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 22 The Media's Global Reach 1) Who predicted nearly 60 years ago that the rise of electronic media would create a "global village," thereby reducing the barriers created by physical distance? A) Erving Goffman B) Vivian Gornick C) Darnell Hunt D) Marshall McLuhan 2) Which metaphor for the media's reach does sociologist Todd Gitlin consider more apt than "global village"? A) global torrent B) global wave C) global city D) global quagmire 3) In an effort to better understand and combat a malaria outbreak in Kenya, public health researchers monitored the content of ________ to map the spread of the disease. A) television reports B) text messages C) emails D) health surveys 4) The complex issues of censorship can be considered to be an illustration of A) social capital. B) material culture. C) culture lag. D) nonmaterial culture. 5) Which of the sociological perspectives would more than likely take a positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest ability to facilitate communication? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective 6) Which of the sociological perspectives would express concern about those with power, whether media companies or governments, exercising control over what people can see and read? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective

7) Which of the sociological perspectives would see the debate over media content as an extension of everyday life? A) functionalist perspective B) global perspective C) interactionist perspective D) conflict perspective 8) Female and male athletes are treated equally by the media. 9) Not all countries are equally connected across the globe. 10) The postmodernist media has created a global village, where physical distance is no longer a barrier. 11) The increase in the use of mass media, specifically electronic media, has allowed for abuses of personal privacy. 12) The issues of censorship in the United States lead immediately to the First Amendment of the Constitution. 13) In general, support for censorship in the United States is very strong. 14) Discuss censorship. Do you believe that the Internet should be a free and open exchange of ideas and information? Why or why not?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 23 Social Control 1) The term social control refers to A) justifications for deviant behavior. B) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. C) techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. D) behavior that violates the norms of a group. Answer: C Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Sanctions are defined as A) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. B) justifications for deviant behavior. C) rules made by a government. D) a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Answer: A Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective Answer: A Topic: Social control; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following terms refers to going along with one's peers, with peers defined as individuals of a person's own status who have no special right to direct that person's behavior? A) labeling B) conformity C) deviance D) obedience Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Obedience refers to A) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior. B) compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. C) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. D) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior, as well as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will A) conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are racist. B) obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual. C) disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, in most instances, if the behavior may harm another individual. D) not conform to the attitudes and behavior of their peers if racism is expected. Answer: B Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule, is known as A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. Answer: C Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 9) What was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience? A) to better understand German involvement in the annihilation of Jews in World War II B) to better understand the deterrence power of the death penalty C) self-esteem issues D) a federal government grant Answer: A Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) A) norm. B) folkway. C) formal sanction. D) informal sanction. Answer: D Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Clyde is imprisoned for "tagging," or "visual terrorism." The arrest is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) Social control carried out by authorized agents—such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers—is called A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. Answer: D Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of A) formal social control. B) informal social control. C) neutralization. D) enforcement of regulatory law. Answer: A Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) Laws, dress codes, and games all express social norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure is referred to as conformity. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) Adults in the United States view corporal punishment of children as a proper and necessary means of informal social control. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control; Norms; Punishment Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Binge drinking can be regarded as both a conformity and a deviant act. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Discuss the various components of social control. Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Describe the similarities in and differences between conformity and obedience, according to Stanley Milgram. Give examples to support both concepts. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Define and explain the elements of social control: obedience, sanctions, and conformity. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) How is binge drinking both a deviance and a conformity? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) Describe the debate surrounding capital punishment in the U.S. and elsewhere. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Discuss government social control and its criticisms. Do you agree or disagree with the criticisms? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social control; Norms Learning Objective: Compare and contrast formal and informal social control. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 23 Social Control 1) The term social control refers to A) justifications for deviant behavior. B) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. C) techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. D) behavior that violates the norms of a group. 2) Sanctions are defined as A) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. B) justifications for deviant behavior. C) rules made by a government. D) a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. 3) Which sociological perspective emphasizes how societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective 4) Which of the following terms refers to going along with one's peers, with peers defined as individuals of a person's own status who have no special right to direct that person's behavior? A) labeling B) conformity C) deviance D) obedience 5) Obedience refers to A) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior. B) compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. C) penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm. D) going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct one's behavior, as well as compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure. 6) According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will A) conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are racist. B) obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual. C) disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, in most instances, if the behavior may harm another individual. D) not conform to the attitudes and behavior of their peers if racism is expected.

7) Social control carried out casually by people through such means as laughter, smiles, and ridicule, is known as A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. 8) Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 9) What was the motivation behind Stanley Milgram's experimental study of obedience? A) to better understand German involvement in the annihilation of Jews in World War II B) to better understand the deterrence power of the death penalty C) self-esteem issues D) a federal government grant 10) Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) A) norm. B) folkway. C) formal sanction. D) informal sanction. 11) An individual being imprisoned for murder is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm. 12) Clyde is imprisoned for "tagging," or "visual terrorism." The arrest is an example of a(n) A) formal sanction. B) value. C) informal sanction. D) norm.

13) Social control carried out by authorized agents—such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers—is called A) neutralization. B) conformity. C) informal social control. D) formal social control. 14) A college student is caught cheating on an exam and is brought before a college-wide disciplinary committee, which decides to expel the student from the school. The committee's action is an example of A) formal social control. B) informal social control. C) neutralization. D) enforcement of regulatory law. 15) Laws, dress codes, and games all express social norms. 16) Compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure is referred to as conformity. 17) Adults in the United States view corporal punishment of children as a proper and necessary means of informal social control. 18) Binge drinking can be regarded as both a conformity and a deviant act. 19) Discuss the various components of social control. Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors. 20) Describe the similarities in and differences between conformity and obedience, according to Stanley Milgram. Give examples to support both concepts. 21) How is binge drinking both a deviance and a conformity? 22) Describe the debate surrounding capital punishment in the U.S. and elsewhere. 23) Discuss government social control and its criticisms. Do you agree or disagree with the criticisms?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 24 What Is Deviance? 1) Deviance is behavior that A) always violates the laws of a society. B) is always illegal. C) violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. D) is always anomic. Answer: C Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following would be categorized as deviant in the United States? A) Individuals who are against democratic values. B) Individuals who dislike school. C) Individuals with mental illness. D) Individuals with type A personalities. Answer: C Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which of the following is true of deviance? A) Deviance is objective and set in stone. B) Deviance is subject to social definition within a particular society and time. C) Individuals with the lowest status and power define what is acceptable and what is deviant. D) The definition of acceptable behavior does not evolve. Answer: B Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) A label used to devalue members of certain social groups is referred to as A) deviance. B) obedience. C) sanction. D) stigma. Answer: D Topic: Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Being late for class can be categorized as a(n) A) deviant act. B) accident. C) crime. D) infraction. Answer: A Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms? A) anomie theory of deviance B) labeling theory C) control theory D) theory of differential association Answer: C Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Control theory states that we A) are bonded to members of our subculture, and if they engage in deviant behavior, we use them as role models and act in the same manner. B) are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society. C) are "convinced" to act in a law-abiding manner because of the "control" that law enforcement agencies have over our lives. D) act in a conforming manner because of self-control. Answer: B Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists? A) environmental influences B) genetic roots C) social structure D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociologists Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) The contemporary study of possible genetic roots of criminality is but one aspect of the larger debate over A) biosociology. B) sociobiology. C) impression management. D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) "Deviance helps to define the limits of proper behavior." This statement represents the view of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) In Émile Durkheim's view, A) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability. B) labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person's becoming deviant. C) people accept or reject the goals of a society and/or the socially approved means to fulfill their aspirations. D) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior, and people accept or reject the goals of a society. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Punishment Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Which term is used in the sociological literature to describe a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? A) anomie B) neutralization C) cultural transmission D) disobedience Answer: A Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) In which of the following would anomie be felt to its greatest effect? A) A man loses his job, his fortune, and his family during the Great Depression of the 1930s. B) An individual takes a shortcut to school and gets lost. C) A woman wins a lottery and gives a considerable amount of her winnings to several charities that are important to her. D) A teen leaves her job at the end of summer when school resumes. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) In his anomie theory of deviance, Robert Merton A) described five types of deviance. B) created a typology to explain the basic types of adaptations people make to culture. C) noted that people will always follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time. D) suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals. Answer: B Topic: Sociologists; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, and he steals one from a local store. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance? A) conflict theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) cultural transmission theory Answer: C Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as A) ritualists. B) rebels. C) innovators. D) retreatists. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the "class brain" who is sitting next to him. According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a(n) A) ritualist. B) retreatist. C) rebel. D) innovator. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton's theory, this welfare worker would be a(n) A) ritualist. B) rebel. C) innovator. D) retreatist. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) According to Robert Merton, members of revolutionary political organizations such as the Irish Republican Army would typically be classified as A) rebels. B) ritualists. C) conformists. D) innovators. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Sociologists Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Which sociological perspective's approach explains why rule violation continues to exist in societies despite pressures to conform and obey, but fails to indicate how a given person comes to commit a deviant act or why on some occasions crimes do or do not occur? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspective 21) Which theory was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others? A) labeling theory B) cultural transmission C) societal-reaction approach D) techniques of neutralization Answer: B Topic: Sociologists; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of A) differential association and anomie. B) conformity and labeling. C) labeling and social disorganization. D) differential association and conformity. Answer: D Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 23) Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket. His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom—which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register—on everyone's bill. Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items, so the items can continue to be sold. Eventually, Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices. This is an example of A) labeling. B) anomie. C) differential association. D) dramaturgy. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

24) Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions? A) cultural transmission theory B) labeling theory C) social disorganization theory D) conflict theory Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 25) Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory? A) too much focus on larger forces B) seems to "blame the victim" C) that there are no viable organizations D) that troubled areas are hopeless Answer: B Topic: Sociological theory Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) The societal-reaction approach is also known as A) the human relations approach. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) labeling theory. D) the dramaturgical approach. Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

27) A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This illustrates which explanation of deviance? A) anomie theory B) labeling theory C) cultural transmission D) differential association Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 28) Which of the following individuals would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels? A) sexual predators and prostitutes B) gamblers and money launderers C) regulators of social control D) sexual predators and prostitutes, and gamblers and money launderers Answer: C Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 29) The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation of deviance? A) differential association theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) social disorganization theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

30) A person convicted of a crime—even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account—`is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is A) White and non-Hispanic. B) Black. C) Hispanic. D) Asian or Native American. Answer: A Topic: Sociological theories; Punishment; Race Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 31) An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

32) A bank president is found guilty of tax evasion. In addition to paying the government all the money he owes with substantial interest, he is sentenced to three years' probation and a $50,000 fine. At the same time, a female teller at the same bank is found guilty of stealing $500. The teller is sentenced to a prison term of no less than four years. This differential treatment would be of particular concern to sociologists using the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 33) Which perspective would look to the disproportionate economic and lobbying power wielded by groups such as the National Rifle Association in the debate over gun violence in U.S. society? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 34) Crime is a violation of A) criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority. B) societal standards and is punished with informal sanctions. C) informal norms that are sanctioned with stigmas. D) normative behaviors that are considered by society to be proper conduct. Answer: A Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

35) Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various A) organized crimes. B) victimless crimes. C) white-collar crimes. D) corporate crimes. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 36) Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African American offenders? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological theories; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 37) According to journalist Naomi Wolf, women in the U.S. who do not conform to the beauty myth are viewed as deviant. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) From a sociological perspective, deviance is hardly objective or set in stone. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) What is deviant in one culture may be celebrated in another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Stigma refers to an exaggerated ideal of beauty, beyond reach of all but a few females, which has unfortunate consequences. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) Technological innovations such as smartphones cannot redefine social interactions and the standards of behavior related to them. Answer: FALSE Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Provide examples in your discussion. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance Learning Objective: Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Deviance; Stigma Learning Objective: Explain the ways in which deviance challenges and reinforces social norms. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) Control theory reminds us that while the media may focus on crime and disorder, most members of most societies conform to and obey basic norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Control theory effectively explains the rationale for every conforming act. Answer: FALSE Topic: Law Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) The assumption of flight risk trumps the presumption of innocence. Answer: TRUE Topic: Law; Punishment Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Individuals who feel justified in shoplifting goods so that their family can eat are considered innovators in Robert Merton's terms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological theories; Crime; Poverty Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Female criminologists have suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were actually developed with both women and men in mind. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 24 What Is Deviance? 1) Deviance is behavior that A) always violates the laws of a society. B) is always illegal. C) violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society. D) is always anomic. 2) Which of the following would be categorized as deviant in the United States? A) Individuals who are against democratic values. B) Individuals who dislike school. C) Individuals with mental illness. D) Individuals with type A personalities. 3) Which of the following is true of deviance? A) Deviance is objective and set in stone. B) Deviance is subject to social definition within a particular society and time. C) Individuals with the lowest status and power define what is acceptable and what is deviant. D) The definition of acceptable behavior does not evolve. 4) A label used to devalue members of certain social groups is referred to as A) deviance. B) obedience. C) sanction. D) stigma. 5) Being late for class can be categorized as a(n) A) deviant act. B) accident. C) crime. D) infraction. 6) Which of the following theories offers a view of conformity and deviance that suggests that our connection to members of society leads us to conform systematically to society's norms? A) anomie theory of deviance B) labeling theory C) control theory D) theory of differential association

7) Control theory states that we A) are bonded to members of our subculture, and if they engage in deviant behavior, we use them as role models and act in the same manner. B) are bonded to our family members, friends, and peers in a way that leads us to follow the mores and folkways of our society. C) are "convinced" to act in a law-abiding manner because of the "control" that law enforcement agencies have over our lives. D) act in a conforming manner because of self-control. 8) Which of the following connections to criminality is commonly rejected by sociologists? A) environmental influences B) genetic roots C) social structure D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft 9) The contemporary study of possible genetic roots of criminality is but one aspect of the larger debate over A) biosociology. B) sociobiology. C) impression management. D) Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. 10) "Deviance helps to define the limits of proper behavior." This statement represents the view of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 11) In Émile Durkheim's view, A) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social stability. B) labeling an individual is the most crucial stage in that person's becoming deviant. C) people accept or reject the goals of a society and/or the socially approved means to fulfill their aspirations. D) the punishments established within a culture help to define acceptable behavior, and people accept or reject the goals of a society. 12) Which term is used in the sociological literature to describe a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective? A) anomie B) neutralization C) cultural transmission D) disobedience

13) In which of the following would anomie be felt to its greatest effect? A) A man loses his job, his fortune, and his family during the Great Depression of the 1930s. B) An individual takes a shortcut to school and gets lost. C) A woman wins a lottery and gives a considerable amount of her winnings to several charities that are important to her. D) A teen leaves her job at the end of summer when school resumes. 14) In his anomie theory of deviance, Robert Merton A) described five types of deviance. B) created a typology to explain the basic types of adaptations people make to culture. C) noted that people will always follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time. D) suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals. 15) An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn't have the money or the means of earning the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, and he steals one from a local store. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance? A) conflict theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) cultural transmission theory 16) In Robert Merton's terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as A) ritualists. B) rebels. C) innovators. D) retreatists. 17) Arnold gets an "A" on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the "class brain" who is sitting next to him. According to Merton's anomie theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a(n) A) ritualist. B) retreatist. C) rebel. D) innovator. 18) An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn't have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton's theory, this welfare worker would be a(n) A) ritualist. B) rebel. C) innovator. D) retreatist.

19) According to Robert Merton, members of revolutionary political organizations such as the Irish Republican Army would typically be classified as A) rebels. B) ritualists. C) conformists. D) innovators. 20) Which sociological perspective's approach explains why rule violation continues to exist in societies despite pressures to conform and obey, but fails to indicate how a given person comes to commit a deviant act or why on some occasions crimes do or do not occur? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 21) Which theory was used by Edwin Sutherland to emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions with others? A) labeling theory B) cultural transmission C) societal-reaction approach D) techniques of neutralization 22) Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the national anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of A) differential association and anomie. B) conformity and labeling. C) labeling and social disorganization. D) differential association and conformity. 23) Bob works as a cashier in a supermarket. His boss instructs him to include the price of a new broom—which Bob's boss has deceptively placed near the register—on everyone's bill. Bob's boss also encourages him to change the dates on expired food items, so the items can continue to be sold. Eventually, Bob begins to develop his own deceptive sales practices. This is an example of A) labeling. B) anomie. C) differential association. D) dramaturgy. 24) Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions? A) cultural transmission theory B) labeling theory C) social disorganization theory D) conflict theory 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

25) Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory? A) too much focus on larger forces B) seems to "blame the victim" C) that there are no viable organizations D) that troubled areas are hopeless 26) The societal-reaction approach is also known as A) the human relations approach. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) labeling theory. D) the dramaturgical approach. 27) A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affect students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This illustrates which explanation of deviance? A) anomie theory B) labeling theory C) cultural transmission D) differential association 28) Which of the following individuals would most likely be the focus of labeling theorists who are researching the power of some individuals or groups to define labels? A) sexual predators and prostitutes B) gamblers and money launderers C) regulators of social control D) sexual predators and prostitutes, and gamblers and money launderers 29) The social constructionist perspective is most closely affiliated with which other sociological explanation of deviance? A) differential association theory B) labeling theory C) anomie theory of deviance D) social disorganization theory 30) A person convicted of a crime—even when prior arrest record and severity of the crime are taken into account—`is more likely to receive a shorter prison sentence if he or she is A) White and non-Hispanic. B) Black. C) Hispanic. D) Asian or Native American.

31) An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power maintained by the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 32) A bank president is found guilty of tax evasion. In addition to paying the government all the money he owes with substantial interest, he is sentenced to three years' probation and a $50,000 fine. At the same time, a female teller at the same bank is found guilty of stealing $500. The teller is sentenced to a prison term of no less than four years. This differential treatment would be of particular concern to sociologists using the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) global perspective. 33) Which perspective would look to the disproportionate economic and lobbying power wielded by groups such as the National Rifle Association in the debate over gun violence in U.S. society? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 34) Crime is a violation of A) criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority. B) societal standards and is punished with informal sanctions. C) informal norms that are sanctioned with stigmas. D) normative behaviors that are considered by society to be proper conduct. 35) Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various A) organized crimes. B) victimless crimes. C) white-collar crimes. D) corporate crimes. 36) Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African American offenders? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

37) According to journalist Naomi Wolf, women in the U.S. who do not conform to the beauty myth are viewed as deviant. 38) From a sociological perspective, deviance is hardly objective or set in stone. 39) What is deviant in one culture may be celebrated in another. 40) Stigma refers to an exaggerated ideal of beauty, beyond reach of all but a few females, which has unfortunate consequences. 41) Technological innovations such as smartphones cannot redefine social interactions and the standards of behavior related to them. 42) Explain why deviant behavior is not always negative. Provide examples in your discussion. 43) Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in. 44) Control theory reminds us that while the media may focus on crime and disorder, most members of most societies conform to and obey basic norms. 45) Control theory effectively explains the rationale for every conforming act. 46) The assumption of flight risk trumps the presumption of innocence. 47) Individuals who feel justified in shoplifting goods so that their family can eat are considered innovators in Robert Merton's terms. 48) Female criminologists have suggested that many of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were actually developed with both women and men in mind.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 25 Crime 1) A professional criminal is A) an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities. B) always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling. C) a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. D) an individual who commits one to two crimes within their lifespan. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) An important aspect of a professional criminal's work is A) studying crime statistics. B) boundary maintenance. C) developing skilled techniques. D) goal multiplication. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities is called A) routine activities crime. B) victimless crime. C) organized crime. D) white-collar crime. Answer: C Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) The term ethnic succession, as used by Daniel Bell, refers to A) the migration of immigrant groups into communities previously occupied by other immigrant groups. B) the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. C) the process during which the membership of law enforcement agencies is passed from one ethnic group to another. D) the migration of immigrant groups to suburbia. Answer: B Topic: Crime; Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) In a city on the East Coast, organized crime was dominated by an Italian "family," but they were eventually displaced by African Americans. This would be an example of A) assimilation. B) ethnic succession. C) labeling. D) differential association. Answer: B Topic: Crime; Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) What term is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities? A) professional crime B) organized crime C) index crime D) white-collar crime Answer: D Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) A corporate vice president is convicted of attempting to bribe a presidential aide. This type of crime is called A) professional crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) an index crime. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) Which of the following is true of white-collar crime? A) The offender is more likely to receive a prison sentence than a fine. B) Conviction generally does not harm the person's reputation or career aspirations as much as conviction for a street crime would. C) The label "white-collar criminal" carries a greater stigma than "felon convicted of a violent crime." D) They are more likely to be treated unfairly in the prison system. Answer: B Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Crime that occurs across multiple national borders is known as A) transnational crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) global crime. Answer: A Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability? A) white-collar crime B) professional crime C) hate crime D) victimless crime Answer: C Topic: Crime; Race Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar and street crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) According to crime statistics, hate crimes focus most frequently on which of the following? A) sexual orientation B) disability C) religion D) race Answer: D Topic: Crime; Race Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Supporters of the right to carry concealed weapons on campus argue that it's a constitutional right. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) Hate crimes are distinguished in large part by motivation. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime; Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

14) Martha Stewart's criminal activity was considered a professional crime, as she committed her crimes during the course of her regular business. Answer: FALSE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) Crime data reported in the United States are based on index crimes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) Our society places greater emphasis on individual economic achievement than other societies do. Answer: TRUE Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Law; Sociologists Learning Objective: Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Discuss the relationship between cultural transmission and differential association in explaining deviance or criminal acts. Give an illustration of how a person would likely become criminal using the differential association process. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the understanding of deviance offered by the three major perspectives and by labeling theory and the feminist perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

19) Define and discuss white-collar crime. How does it compare to street crime? Provide examples. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) According to crime trends, there has been a significant decline in violent crime in the United States in recent years. Why is this so? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Discuss the differences between deviance and crime. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime; Deviance Learning Objective: Differentiate between deviance and crime. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Discuss gun control via the sociological perspectives: conflict, functionalist, and interactionist. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Crime Learning Objective: Compare and contrast white-collar crime and street crime. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 25 Crime 1) A professional criminal is A) an affluent individual who commits crimes in the course of daily business activities. B) always a member of a highly structured criminal organization that is involved in smuggling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and gambling. C) a person who pursues crime as a daily occupation, developing skilled techniques and enjoying a degree of status among other criminals. D) an individual who commits one to two crimes within their lifespan. 2) An important aspect of a professional criminal's work is A) studying crime statistics. B) boundary maintenance. C) developing skilled techniques. D) goal multiplication. 3) The work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in the smuggling and sale of drugs, prostitution, gambling, and other illegal activities is called A) routine activities crime. B) victimless crime. C) organized crime. D) white-collar crime. 4) The term ethnic succession, as used by Daniel Bell, refers to A) the migration of immigrant groups into communities previously occupied by other immigrant groups. B) the process during which the leadership of organized crime is passed from one ethnic group to another. C) the process during which the membership of law enforcement agencies is passed from one ethnic group to another. D) the migration of immigrant groups to suburbia. 5) In a city on the East Coast, organized crime was dominated by an Italian "family," but they were eventually displaced by African Americans. This would be an example of A) assimilation. B) ethnic succession. C) labeling. D) differential association. 6) What term is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities? A) professional crime B) organized crime C) index crime D) white-collar crime 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) A corporate vice president is convicted of attempting to bribe a presidential aide. This type of crime is called A) professional crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) an index crime. 8) Which of the following is true of white-collar crime? A) The offender is more likely to receive a prison sentence than a fine. B) Conviction generally does not harm the person's reputation or career aspirations as much as conviction for a street crime would. C) The label "white-collar criminal" carries a greater stigma than "felon convicted of a violent crime." D) They are more likely to be treated unfairly in the prison system. 9) Crime that occurs across multiple national borders is known as A) transnational crime. B) white-collar crime. C) organized crime. D) global crime. 10) What type of crime is motivated by characteristics such as race, religion, sexual orientation or disability? A) white-collar crime B) professional crime C) hate crime D) victimless crime 11) According to crime statistics, hate crimes focus most frequently on which of the following? A) sexual orientation B) disability C) religion D) race 12) Supporters of the right to carry concealed weapons on campus argue that it's a constitutional right. 13) Hate crimes are distinguished in large part by motivation. 14) Martha Stewart's criminal activity was considered a professional crime, as she committed her crimes during the course of her regular business. 15) Crime data reported in the United States are based on index crimes. 16) Our society places greater emphasis on individual economic achievement than other societies do. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) Explain why sociologists see the creation of laws as a social process. 18) Discuss the relationship between cultural transmission and differential association in explaining deviance or criminal acts. Give an illustration of how a person would likely become criminal using the differential association process. 19) Define and discuss white-collar crime. How does it compare to street crime? Provide examples. 20) According to crime trends, there has been a significant decline in violent crime in the United States in recent years. Why is this so? 21) Discuss the differences between deviance and crime. 22) Discuss gun control via the sociological perspectives: conflict, functionalist, and interactionist.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 26 Systems of Stratification 1) A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called A) socialization. B) status. C) social structure. D) social inequality. Answer: D Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? A) social mobility B) stratification C) hypergamy D) status Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. B) assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique characteristics or talents. C) based solely on income and wealth. D) based solely on lifestyle. Answer: B Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? A) lower class B) lower-middle class C) working class D) upper class Answer: D Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) A single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered A) upper class. B) middle class. C) lower-middle class. D) working class. Answer: D Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) Less affluent professionals, such as elementary school teachers, are included in which of the following social classes? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class Answer: C Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

39) Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 40) Wealth is an inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is a caste system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Peasants being required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection are a part of a caste system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) The working class tends to identify with manual workers and their long history of involvement in the labor movement. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) The lower class disproportionately consists of minority groups. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) According to Karl Marx, a worker with class consciousness may feel that he or she is being treated fairly by the bourgeoisie, and a worker with false consciousness realizes that all workers are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and have a common stake in revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) Max Weber argued that the actions of individuals and groups can be understood solely in economic terms. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Stratification is universal in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality among members. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

48) Social scientists have found that inequality only exists in developed societies. Answer: FALSE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) The study of tax policy and its relationship to the stratification system is known as fiscal sociology. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) Describe the differences between ascribed status and achieved status. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Describe the four general systems of stratification: slavery, castes, the estate system, and the class system. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) Explain the reasons why the working class is declining in size. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Explain class warfare. Provide an example. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Social class Learning Objective: Describe the class model in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

53) Discuss Karl Marx's view on class differentiation. Define the terms bourgeoisie and proletariat. Describe what Marx termed a false consciousness, and give an example to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) Describe how Lenski's view of stratification can represent a synthesis of the conflict and functionalist views of stratification and poverty. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on the existence and necessity of social stratification. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 26 Systems of Stratification 1) A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called A) socialization. B) status. C) social structure. D) social inequality. 2) Which of the following terms is used by sociologists for a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? A) social mobility B) stratification C) hypergamy D) status 3) An ascribed status is a social position A) attained by a person largely through his or her own effort. B) assigned to a person without regard to the person's unique characteristics or talents. C) based solely on income and wealth. D) based solely on lifestyle. 4) An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ________ status. A) ascribed B) achieved C) horizontal D) structural 5) A system of enforced servitude in which people are legally owned by others is known as A) feudalism. B) slavery. C) communism. D) a caste system. 6) Which of the following statements about slavery is true? A) It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality. B) The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the U.S. and in ancient Greece. C) Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece. D) Slavery in the U.S. was considered an achieved status.

7) Which of the following terms refers to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated? A) tenures B) slavery C) castes D) feudalism 8) Some sociologists have suggested that in the southern U.S. in the pre-civil rights era, an African American individual was born into a status that would always be subordinate to the status of all of the White members of the community. This is an example of a(n) A) estate system. B) class system. C) caste system. D) feudal system. 9) A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection is known as a(n) A) estate system. B) slavery system. C) caste system. D) peonage system. 10) A class system employs a social ranking based primarily on A) age. B) caste. C) economic position. D) religious and ethnic background. 11) Which of the following types of stratification systems required peasants to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection and other services? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery 12) A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented, and as an adult she becomes a wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system? A) caste B) class C) estate D) slavery

13) In sociologist Daniel Rossides's model of the class system of the U.S., which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? A) lower class B) lower-middle class C) working class D) upper class 14) A single mother who works in a factory sewing large sheets of canvas would be considered A) upper class. B) middle class. C) lower-middle class. D) working class. 15) Less affluent professionals, such as elementary school teachers, are included in which of the following social classes? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class 16) Which of the following factors have contributed to the shrinking size of the middle class? A) increasing opportunities for those with little education B) independence of the temporary workforce C) global competition and rapid advances in technology D) the decline of new growth industries and nonunion workplaces 17) Which of the following social classes is declining in size? A) upper class B) middle class C) lower-middle class D) working class 18) Karl Marx argued that social, economic, and political inequalities are dependent on A) class differentiation. B) achieved status. C) the Protestant work ethic. D) religious factors. 19) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. B) all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit. D) the means of production are largely in public sector hands and are collectively owned.

33) Thorstein Veblen suggested persons at the top of the social hierarchy convert wealth into conspicuous consumption, while the behavior of the lower classes is often subjected to ridicule. Veblen's views are from the A) functionalist perspective. B) conflict perspective. C) interactionist perspective. D) feminist perspective. 34) In Max Weber's view, A) people hold three distinct ranks in society. B) our position in a stratification system reflects some combination of class, stigma, and power. C) our rank in society is determined by four separate variables. D) all people fall under the same social class. 35) What term did Thorstein Veblen use to refer to the behavior of those at the top of the social hierarchy when they engage in such activities as jetting off to a remote destination for dinner? A) consumption flow B) inconspicuous ridicule C) conspicuous leisure D) consumptive frivolity 36) Purchasing goods not to survive, but to flaunt one's superior wealth and social standing is known as A) presumptive consumption. B) inconspicuous ridicule. C) conspicuous consumption. D) consumptive frivolity. 37) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that most talented people would not go to school for many years to become biochemists if they could make as much money and gain as much respect working as elevator operators? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 38) Which sociological perspective argues that competition for scarce resources results in significant political, economic, and social inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

39) Gerhard Lenski argues that social inequality may have once served the overall purposes of society, but the degree of social and economic inequality that now exists far exceeds the need to provide for goods and services. This facet of Lenski's analysis is consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 40) Wealth is an inclusive term encompassing all a person's material assets. 41) The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals or groups is a caste system. 42) Peasants being required to work on land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection are a part of a caste system. 43) The working class tends to identify with manual workers and their long history of involvement in the labor movement. 44) The lower class disproportionately consists of minority groups. 45) According to Karl Marx, a worker with class consciousness may feel that he or she is being treated fairly by the bourgeoisie, and a worker with false consciousness realizes that all workers are being exploited by the bourgeoisie and have a common stake in revolution. 46) Max Weber argued that the actions of individuals and groups can be understood solely in economic terms. 47) Stratification is universal in that all societies maintain some form of social inequality among members. 48) Social scientists have found that inequality only exists in developed societies. 49) The study of tax policy and its relationship to the stratification system is known as fiscal sociology. 50) Describe the differences between ascribed status and achieved status. Give examples to support your answer. 51) Explain the reasons why the working class is declining in size. 52) Explain class warfare. Provide an example. 53) Discuss Karl Marx's view on class differentiation. Define the terms bourgeoisie and proletariat. Describe what Marx termed a false consciousness, and give an example to support your answer. 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

54) Describe how Lenski's view of stratification can represent a synthesis of the conflict and functionalist views of stratification and poverty.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 27 Stratification by Social Class 1) The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of A) criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. B) self-assessment. C) assessments by friends and colleagues. D) the neighborhoods in which they reside. Answer: A Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Prestige refers to the A) reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. B) ability to exercise one's will over others. C) respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. D) people who have similar levels of wealth and income. Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation? A) power B) prestige C) esteem D) status Answer: C Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as A) socioeconomic status. B) political status. C) demographic characteristics. D) socio status. Answer: A Topic: Social class; Gender; Education Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) ________ is often blamed for this growing inequality, because it has forced less skilled workers to complete with lower-paid foreign-born workers. A) Industrialization B) Vertical mobility C) Social mobility D) Globalization Answer: D Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Alice has established her reputation as the best banker in her town. This reputation is also known as prestige. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8) The study of stratification is a study of inequality. Answer: TRUE Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) Income in the United States is distributed evenly. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) While the salaries of highly skilled workers and professionals have continued to rise, the wages of less skilled workers have increased when controlled for inflation. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict views of social stratification. Give examples of each view to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Analyze stratification using the three major sociological perspectives, including the views of Karl Marx and Max Weber. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) Explain how social class is measured. What measures are generally used? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Stratification Learning Objective: Summarize the factors used to measure stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) Explain income and wealth inequality in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Describe the distribution of income and wealth in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 27 Stratification by Social Class 1) The objective method of assessing social class assigns individuals to classes on the basis of A) criteria such as occupation, education, income, and place of residence. B) self-assessment. C) assessments by friends and colleagues. D) the neighborhoods in which they reside. 2) Prestige refers to the A) reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation. B) ability to exercise one's will over others. C) respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society. D) people who have similar levels of wealth and income. 3) Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation? A) power B) prestige C) esteem D) status 4) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that studies of social class have tended to neglect the occupations and incomes of women as determinants of social rank, thereby elevating the status of males? A) Functionalist perspective B) Conflict perspective C) Interactionist perspective D) Feminist perspective 5) A measure of social class that is based on income, education, and occupation is known as A) socioeconomic status. B) political status. C) demographic characteristics. D) socio status. 6) ________ is often blamed for this growing inequality, because it has forced less skilled workers to complete with lower-paid foreign-born workers. A) Industrialization B) Vertical mobility C) Social mobility D) Globalization 7) Alice has established her reputation as the best banker in her town. This reputation is also known as prestige. 8) The study of stratification is a study of inequality. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

9) Income in the United States is distributed evenly. 10) While the salaries of highly skilled workers and professionals have continued to rise, the wages of less skilled workers have increased when controlled for inflation. 11) Compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict views of social stratification. Give examples of each view to support your answer. 12) Explain how social class is measured. What measures are generally used? 13) Explain income and wealth inequality in the United States.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 28 Poverty and Social Mobility 1) Which of these factors affects whether a person becomes poor? A) age B) education C) IQ D) mental health Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that A) poverty is absolute. B) poverty is relative. C) being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries. D) Americans are ethnocentric. Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty? A) A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the streets for money and food. B) A dual-career couple lives in a suburban community and struggles to pay their monthly bills. C) A family owns only two luxury automobiles, although their friends and neighbors own three such vehicles. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) The commonly used "poverty line" measure of poverty used by the federal government measures which type of poverty? A) relative poverty B) absolute poverty C) elementary poverty D) dramatic poverty Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole? A) absolute poverty B) elementary poverty C) relative poverty D) dramatic poverty Answer: C Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Which sociological perspective suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single mothers are due to the difficulty women have finding affordable child care, to sexual harassment, and to sex discrimination in the labor market? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Poverty; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following statements is true regarding women living in poverty? A) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are in transition. B) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time. C) The other half tend to be economically independent from friends or the welfare system. D) The death of a husband does not impact a women's poverty status. Answer: B Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter are an example of A) the underclass. B) structural mobility. C) an estate. D) false consciousness. Answer: A Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) The long-term poor who lack training and skills are referred to as A) the unequal. B) the bourgeoise. C) the upper class. D) the underclass. Answer: D Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as A) power. B) wealth. C) life chances. D) status. Answer: C Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Higher loan balances are typically held by A) White and Asian students. B) Middle Eastern and Black students. C) Asian and Latino students. D) Black and Latino students. Answer: D Topic: Life chances; Education Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position of society's stratification system to another? A) social mobility B) life chances C) relative poverty D) social distribution Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) A stratification system that implies that the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status is referred to as a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and engaging in every game that he can play. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association. This is an example of A) vertical mobility. B) ascribed status. C) horizontal mobility. D) structural mobility. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced A) structural mobility. B) horizontal mobility. C) upward intergenerational mobility. D) institutional mobility. Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) Which sociologist first made the distinction between vertical and horizontal mobility? A) Ferdinand Tönnies B) Émile Durkheim C) Pitirim Sorokin D) Wilbert Moore Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Describe social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

19) Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than it did in the past? A) A.A./A.A.S. B) B.A./B.S. C) M.A./M.S. D) Ph.D. Answer: B Topic: Education; Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) Sociologists have documented that the class system is more rigid for A) Whites. B) African Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) Hispanics. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) A common measure of absolute poverty is the federal government's poverty line, a money income figure that is adjusted annually to reflect the consumption requirements of families based on their size and composition. Answer: TRUE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) Feminization of poverty is only evident in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Occupying a higher social class in a society improves your life chances and brings greater access to social rewards. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Wealth, status, and power ensure happiness. Answer: FALSE Topic: Life chances Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) The child of a laborer may become an artisan or a technician, but he or she is less likely to become a manager or a professional. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Men are more likely than women to withdraw from the workforce when their skills far exceed the jobs offered them. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility; Gender Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) Interactionist theorists question not only the relatively high levels of executive compensation, but also the process through which executives' pay is determined. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility; Stratification Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Clauses that protect executives who bail of out of failing companies are referred to as "golden parachutes." Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility; Stratification Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Describe the various issues surrounding the definition of poverty. Define the difference between absolute and relative poverty. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Explain poverty. Who are the poor? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain poverty in the United States using the conflict and functionalist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) How are life chances linked to stratification? Explain your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain how life chances are linked to stratification. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

32) Analyze the impact of ascriptive characteristics such as race, education, and gender in the occupational structure of our society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education; Social mobility; Gender Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Discuss compensation in the private sector via the sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social mobility; Stratification Learning Objective: Explain the relationship of various social factors to social mobility in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 28 Poverty and Social Mobility 1) Which of these factors affects whether a person becomes poor? A) age B) education C) IQ D) mental health 2) The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo illustrates the idea that A) poverty is absolute. B) poverty is relative. C) being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries. D) Americans are ethnocentric. 3) Which of the following is an example of absolute poverty? A) A homeless man in tattered clothes begs in the streets for money and food. B) A dual-career couple lives in a suburban community and struggles to pay their monthly bills. C) A family owns only two luxury automobiles, although their friends and neighbors own three such vehicles. D) None of these answers is correct. 4) The commonly used "poverty line" measure of poverty used by the federal government measures which type of poverty? A) relative poverty B) absolute poverty C) elementary poverty D) dramatic poverty 5) Which of the following refers to a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole? A) absolute poverty B) elementary poverty C) relative poverty D) dramatic poverty 6) Which sociological perspective suggests that the higher rates of poverty among single mothers are due to the difficulty women have finding affordable child care, to sexual harassment, and to sex discrimination in the labor market? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

7) Which of the following statements is true regarding women living in poverty? A) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are in transition. B) About half of all women living in poverty in the United States are employed at least part-time. C) The other half tend to be economically independent from friends or the welfare system. D) The death of a husband does not impact a women's poverty status. 8) A family lives in a remote area of Appalachia, where coal mines that once employed many workers have been idle for years. There are no jobs in the area, the distant schools are poorly funded, and because of the remote location, there are no churches or medical facilities nearby. These poor, chronically unemployed people who barely survive from winter to winter are an example of A) the underclass. B) structural mobility. C) an estate. D) false consciousness. 9) The long-term poor who lack training and skills are referred to as A) the unequal. B) the bourgeoise. C) the upper class. D) the underclass. 10) Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as A) power. B) wealth. C) life chances. D) status. 11) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to emphasize that a person's health and educational opportunities are affected by his or her class position in important ways? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 12) Higher loan balances are typically held by A) White and Asian students. B) Middle Eastern and Black students. C) Asian and Latino students. D) Black and Latino students.

13) Which of the following refers to the movement of individuals or groups from one position of society's stratification system to another? A) social mobility B) life chances C) relative poverty D) social distribution 14) A stratification system that implies that the position of each individual is influenced by the person's achieved status is referred to as a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. 15) Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n) A) open stratification system. B) closed stratification system. C) egalitarian class system. D) fractured class system. 16) An inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and engaging in every game that he can play. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association. This is an example of A) vertical mobility. B) ascribed status. C) horizontal mobility. D) structural mobility. 17) A woman who was born and raised in a poor family becomes a regional supervisor for the U.S. Postal Service. She has experienced A) structural mobility. B) horizontal mobility. C) upward intergenerational mobility. D) institutional mobility. 18) Which sociologist first made the distinction between vertical and horizontal mobility? A) Ferdinand Tönnies B) Émile Durkheim C) Pitirim Sorokin D) Wilbert Moore

19) Which level of college degree serves as less of a guarantee of upward mobility today than it did in the past? A) A.A./A.A.S. B) B.A./B.S. C) M.A./M.S. D) Ph.D. 20) Sociologists have documented that the class system is more rigid for A) Whites. B) African Americans. C) Asian Americans. D) Hispanics. 21) A common measure of absolute poverty is the federal government's poverty line, a money income figure that is adjusted annually to reflect the consumption requirements of families based on their size and composition. 22) Feminization of poverty is only evident in the United States. 23) Occupying a higher social class in a society improves your life chances and brings greater access to social rewards. 24) Wealth, status, and power ensure happiness. 25) The child of a laborer may become an artisan or a technician, but he or she is less likely to become a manager or a professional. 26) Men are more likely than women to withdraw from the workforce when their skills far exceed the jobs offered them. 27) Interactionist theorists question not only the relatively high levels of executive compensation, but also the process through which executives' pay is determined. 28) Clauses that protect executives who bail of out of failing companies are referred to as "golden parachutes." 29) Describe the various issues surrounding the definition of poverty. Define the difference between absolute and relative poverty. 30) Explain poverty. Who are the poor? 31) How are life chances linked to stratification? Explain your answer. 32) Analyze the impact of ascriptive characteristics such as race, education, and gender in the occupational structure of our society.

33) Discuss compensation in the private sector via the sociological perspectives: functionalist, conflict, and interactionist.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 29 Stratification in the World System 1) The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as A) coping mechanisms. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) therapy. Answer: A Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by A) the Spanish-American War. B) the Great Depression. C) World War II. D) the Industrial Revolution. Answer: D Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? A) the advent of multinational corporations B) global inequality C) the legacy of capitalism D) industrialization Answer: A Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

39) Inequality exists only within the United States and other developed countries. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Around the world, inequality is a significant determinant of human behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) According to world systems analysis, the United States, Japan, and Germany are all examples of core nations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Developing nations define poverty based on the minimum income a person needs to survive. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43) The purpose of the Millennium Project was to halve extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

44) Many of the Millennium development goals were achieved. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Living Goods agents walk what poverty workers refer to as the "last mile" to reach remote areas that are inaccessible to conventional aid organizations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global stratification; Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Conflict theorists conclude that, on the whole, multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations. Answer: FALSE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general, the developing world discourages strong trade unions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) The term modernization suggests positive change. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

52) According to modernization theory, even though nations develop at uneven rates, the development of peripheral nations will be assisted by innovations transferred from the industrialized world. Answer: TRUE Topic: Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 53) Explain the global divide. What led to global inequality in the world? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 54) What does it mean to be well off and to be poor? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality Learning Objective: Summarize the global divide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 55) Discuss the forces that are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 56) Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism, and describe their impact on social stratification. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Colonialism Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

57) Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global stratification; Sociological theory Learning Objective: Explain stratification in the world system especially with respect to the legacy of colonialism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 58) Explain the view of multinational corporations from a functionalist and conflict perspective. How do they differ? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Global inequality; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives on global inequality. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 59) Define and explain modernization. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 60) Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theory; Modernization Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between worldwide poverty and modernization in regard to stratification in the world. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 29 Stratification in the World System 1) The ways in which the desperately poor attempt to control their hunger is referred to as A) coping mechanisms. B) dependency. C) colonialism. D) therapy. 2) Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by A) the Spanish-American War. B) the Great Depression. C) World War II. D) the Industrial Revolution. 3) Which of the following forces are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? A) the advent of multinational corporations B) global inequality C) the legacy of capitalism D) industrialization 4) Colonialism is defined as A) the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period. B) an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain. C) the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies. D) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. 5) Neocolonialism is defined as the A) maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time, such as French control over major parts of northern Africa. B) continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries. C) invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the U.S. or Russia since 1965. D) approach by which industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.

6) World systems analysis is A) Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India. B) Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another. C) Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability. D) Immanuel Wallerstein's view that nations exist in an interdependent global economy resting on unequal economic and political relationships. 7) In Immanuel Wallerstein's view, the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken. This view is referred to as A) neocolonialism. B) colonialism. C) world systems analysis. D) the world exploitation model. 8) According to world systems analysis, a core nation is a nation that A) controls and exploits, along with its multinational corporations, noncore nations. B) has a marginal economic status. C) is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations. D) is considered a third-world nation. 9) Which of the following is an example of a core nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Egypt D) Ireland 10) According to world systems analysis, a nation that has a marginal economic status would be referred to as a nation at the A) periphery. B) core. C) semiperiphery. D) superperiphery. 11) Which of the following is an example of a semiperiphery nation? A) Germany B) South Korea C) Bolivia D) the United States 12) According to world systems analysis, poor and developing nations are A) at the core. B) on the periphery. C) on the semiperiphery. D) on the marginality. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

38) Modernization theory—as an explanation of global inequality—falls under which sociological perspective? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 39) Inequality exists only within the United States and other developed countries. 40) Around the world, inequality is a significant determinant of human behavior. 41) According to world systems analysis, the United States, Japan, and Germany are all examples of core nations. 42) Developing nations define poverty based on the minimum income a person needs to survive. 43) The purpose of the Millennium Project was to halve extreme poverty worldwide by the year 2015. 44) Many of the Millennium development goals were achieved. 45) Living Goods agents walk what poverty workers refer to as the "last mile" to reach remote areas that are inaccessible to conventional aid organizations. 46) Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world. 47) Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations. 48) Conflict theorists conclude that, on the whole, multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations. 49) A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general, the developing world discourages strong trade unions. 50) Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences. 51) The term modernization suggests positive change. 52) According to modernization theory, even though nations develop at uneven rates, the development of peripheral nations will be assisted by innovations transferred from the industrialized world. 53) Explain the global divide. What led to global inequality in the world? 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

54) What does it mean to be well off and to be poor? 55) Discuss the forces that are particularly responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations. 56) Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism, and describe their impact on social stratification. Give examples to support your answer. 57) Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis. Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views. Give examples to support your answer. 58) Explain the view of multinational corporations from a functionalist and conflict perspective. How do they differ? 59) Define and explain modernization. 60) Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 30 Stratification within Nations: A Comparative Perspective 1) Stratification in developing nations is closely related to their weak and dependent position in A) ensuring the health of their citizens. B) providing adequate education. C) the global economy. D) the military size. Answer: C Topic: Global stratification Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which of the following is considered a pattern revealed by studies of intergenerational mobility in industrialized nations? A) There is a common pattern toward agriculture-based occupations. B) Parental positions tend to have little effect on the social mobility of children. C) Mobility opportunities are strongly influenced by structural factors. D) Intergenerational mobility has been decreasing in most countries. Answer: C Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility in industrial nations is true? A) Structural factors influence opportunities for social mobility. B) Immigration does not play a significant part in mobility patterns. C) There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas. D) Most women resist mobility. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Cross-cultural studies have suggested which of the following about industrialized and developing nations? A) Spain has an informal economy. B) Intergenerational mobility is increasing in most countries. C) Modernization has benefited Kenya. D) Mobility exists only in nonindustrialized societies. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility; Stratification Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 5) In large developing nations, the most socially significant mobility is A) the movement out of poverty. B) the employment of women. C) property ownership. D) proof of a confirmed dowry. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Poverty Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) In Kenya and Tanzania, it is illegal for women to A) own a house. B) walk alone in public. C) socialize with men. D) go to school. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Many aspects of modernization in developing countries, such as migration to urban centers, A) have not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women. B) have increased the vital role of women in food production. C) have strengthened women's ties to relatives. D) have decreased the role of women in all industries. Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in mobility? A) Women are usually fed more than males. B) Women are denied educational opportunities. C) Women and men are hospitalized for the same types of injuries. D) Women and men have equal employment opportunities. Answer: B Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Through the establishment of the Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for Peace and Development in the Philippines, which of the following have the women volunteers accomplished? A) negotiated thousands of peace pacts among community members B) reduced incidences of infanticide by half C) provided microfinancing for the majority of small farmers D) largely ended incidences of extreme poverty Answer: A Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy

10) The tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations are referred to as A) corporate welfare. B) business welfare. C) welfare reform. D) reverse welfare. Answer: A Topic: Poverty; Global inequality Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy 11) The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of A) unemployment. B) corporate welfare. C) welfare reform. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: B Topic: Poverty; Global inequality Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy 12) Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: C Topic: Poverty; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social policy

13) The richest 2 percent of adults own more than 50 percent of the world's household wealth. Answer: TRUE Topic: Poverty Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Immigration continues to be a significant factor in shaping a society's level of intergenerational mobility. Answer: TRUE Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) Women in Kenya and Tanzania are prohibited from driving, walking alone in public, and socializing with men outside their families. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) The challenges to girls and women are not limited to any one continent. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) Generally, the poorer the country, the more optimistic people are that their children will grow up to be financially better off than they are themselves. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

18) Corporate welfare is limited to federal actions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Discuss how stratification within the United States compares with stratification in other nations. What factors appear to be consistent within all nations? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social class Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Explain mobility in developing nations. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social mobility Learning Objective: Explain stratification within nations, especially the significance of wealth and income distribution and social mobility. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Explain why the processes of modernization in developing countries have often had a negative impact on the well-being of women and their levels of social mobility. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social mobility; Human rights Learning Objective: Compare and contrast social mobility in industrial versus developing nations for both men and women. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 30 Stratification within Nations: A Comparative Perspective 1) Stratification in developing nations is closely related to their weak and dependent position in A) ensuring the health of their citizens. B) providing adequate education. C) the global economy. D) the military size. 2) Which of the following is considered a pattern revealed by studies of intergenerational mobility in industrialized nations? A) There is a common pattern toward agriculture-based occupations. B) Parental positions tend to have little effect on the social mobility of children. C) Mobility opportunities are strongly influenced by structural factors. D) Intergenerational mobility has been decreasing in most countries. 3) Which of the following statements about the patterns of intergenerational mobility in industrial nations is true? A) Structural factors influence opportunities for social mobility. B) Immigration does not play a significant part in mobility patterns. C) There is consistent migration from urban to rural areas. D) Most women resist mobility. 4) Cross-cultural studies have suggested which of the following about industrialized and developing nations? A) Spain has an informal economy. B) Intergenerational mobility is increasing in most countries. C) Modernization has benefited Kenya. D) Mobility exists only in nonindustrialized societies. 5) In large developing nations, the most socially significant mobility is A) the movement out of poverty. B) the employment of women. C) property ownership. D) proof of a confirmed dowry. 6) In Kenya and Tanzania, it is illegal for women to A) own a house. B) walk alone in public. C) socialize with men. D) go to school. 7) Many aspects of modernization in developing countries, such as migration to urban centers, A) have not had a necessarily positive effect on the social standing of women. B) have increased the vital role of women in food production. C) have strengthened women's ties to relatives. D) have decreased the role of women in all industries. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in mobility? A) Women are usually fed more than males. B) Women are denied educational opportunities. C) Women and men are hospitalized for the same types of injuries. D) Women and men have equal employment opportunities. 9) Through the establishment of the Pan-Cordillera Women's Network for Peace and Development in the Philippines, which of the following have the women volunteers accomplished? A) negotiated thousands of peace pacts among community members B) reduced incidences of infanticide by half C) provided microfinancing for the majority of small farmers D) largely ended incidences of extreme poverty 10) The tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations are referred to as A) corporate welfare. B) business welfare. C) welfare reform. D) reverse welfare. 11) The federal bailouts of the banking and auto industries are an example of A) unemployment. B) corporate welfare. C) welfare reform. D) None of these answers is correct. 12) Which perspective would study how "welfare scapegoating" ignored federal handouts to individuals and families? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 13) The richest 2 percent of adults own more than 50 percent of the world's household wealth. 14) Immigration continues to be a significant factor in shaping a society's level of intergenerational mobility. 15) Women in Kenya and Tanzania are prohibited from driving, walking alone in public, and socializing with men outside their families. 16) The challenges to girls and women are not limited to any one continent. 17) Generally, the poorer the country, the more optimistic people are that their children will grow up to be financially better off than they are themselves. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

18) Corporate welfare is limited to federal actions. 19) Discuss how stratification within the United States compares with stratification in other nations. What factors appear to be consistent within all nations? 20) Explain mobility in developing nations. 21) Explain why the processes of modernization in developing countries have often had a negative impact on the well-being of women and their levels of social mobility.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 31 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups 1) What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? A) ethnic group B) racial group C) social group D) reference group Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Asian Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) African Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

34) Restrictive employment-leave policies are an example of A) institutional discrimination. B) White privilege. C) racism. D) prejudice. Answer: A Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) The positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and education opportunities is known as A) remittances. B) pluralism. C) sharing economy. D) affirmative action. Answer: D Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 36) The social definitions of race and ethnicity affect a person's place and status in a stratification system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) The term racial group is used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious cultural distinctions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Membership in a minority (or dominant) group is not voluntary; people are born into the group. Answer: TRUE Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) In the view of sociologists, the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race; Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Race is a social construction. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) The "one-drop rule" referred to Native Americans and stipulated that if a person had even a single drop of "Indian blood,"that person was viewed as Indian. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Color-blind racism ignores White privilege. Answer: TRUE Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) Proponents of race neutrality claim they believe that everyone should be treated equally. Answer: TRUE Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) Prejudiced attitudes should always be equated with discriminatory behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Discriminatory practices continue in part because various individuals and groups actually benefit from racial and ethnic discrimination in terms of money, status, and influence. Answer: TRUE Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) Describe the differences in and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups. Give some examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race; Ethnicity Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Explain the five basic properties of minority groups, and provide at least one example of a minority group. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Minorities Learning Objective: Differentiate between racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Explain race as a social construct. What does it mean? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race Learning Objective: Summarize the social construction of race. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination, and give examples to illustrate your definitions. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Prejudice; Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 50) Explain the principle of race neutrality. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Racism Learning Objective: Identify ways in which color-blind racism amounts to covert racism. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51) Define and discuss redlining. How is this process detrimental to minorities? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 52) Explain affirmative action. Do you believe that it is a fair policy, or does it shift the discrimination to another group? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Discrimination Learning Objective: Explain the impact of prejudice and discrimination on social relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 31 Minority, Racial, and Ethnic Groups 1) What term is used by sociologists to describe a group that is set apart from others because of physical differences that have taken on social significance? A) ethnic group B) racial group C) social group D) reference group 2) Asian Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. 3) African Americans are identified in the textbook as an example of a(n) A) ethnic group. B) racial group. C) reference group. D) status group. 4) An ethnic group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. 5) Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart A) minority groups. B) ethnic groups. C) racial groups. D) polarization groups. 6) German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of A) racial groups. B) ethnic groups. C) polarization groups. D) minority groups.

7) A minority group is a group A) that is set apart from others because of physical differences. B) that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns. C) whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group. D) that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life. 8) In sociological terms, which of the following is a minority group in the United States? A) women B) Protestants C) whites D) Catholics 9) In sociological terms, members of a minority group A) experience unequal treatment. B) are outnumbered by the dominant group. C) speak a different language than the dominant group. D) observe a different religion than the dominant group. 10) Sociologists have identified five basic properties—unequal treatment, physical or cultural traits, ascribed status, solidarity, and in-group marriage—to describe A) minority groups. B) racial groups. C) ethnic groups. D) polarization. 11) A process in which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed,and destroyed is referred to as A) racial selection. B) racial profiling. C) racial bias. D) racial formation. 12) In the ________ process, those who have power define groups of people according to a racist social structure. A) racial formation B) racial bias C) racial profiling D) racial selection 13) The one-drop rule was an example of A) racial profiling. B) the issues concerning white privilege. C) the social construction of race. D) redlining.

33) Law and medical school preferences that are shown to children of wealthy and influential alumni is an example of A) the glass ceiling. B) stereotypes. C) White privilege. D) institutional discrimination. 34) Restrictive employment-leave policies are an example of A) institutional discrimination. B) White privilege. C) racism. D) prejudice. 35) The positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and education opportunities is known as A) remittances. B) pluralism. C) sharing economy. D) affirmative action. 36) The social definitions of race and ethnicity affect a person's place and status in a stratification system. 37) The term racial group is used to describe a group that is set apart from others because of obvious cultural distinctions. 38) Membership in a minority (or dominant) group is not voluntary; people are born into the group. 39) In the view of sociologists, the distinction between racial and ethnic minorities is clear-cut. 40) Race is a social construction. 41) The "one-drop rule" referred to Native Americans and stipulated that if a person had even a single drop of "Indian blood,"that person was viewed as Indian. 42) Color-blind racism ignores White privilege. 43) Proponents of race neutrality claim they believe that everyone should be treated equally. 44) Prejudiced attitudes should always be equated with discriminatory behavior. 45) Discriminatory practices continue in part because various individuals and groups actually benefit from racial and ethnic discrimination in terms of money, status, and influence. 46) Describe the differences in and similarities between racial groups and ethnic groups. Give some examples to illustrate your answer. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

47) Explain the five basic properties of minority groups, and provide at least one example of a minority group. 48) Explain race as a social construct. What does it mean? 49) Compare and contrast prejudice and discrimination, and give examples to illustrate your definitions. 50) Explain the principle of race neutrality. 51) Define and discuss redlining. How is this process detrimental to minorities? 52) Explain affirmative action. Do you believe that it is a fair policy, or does it shift the discrimination to another group?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 32 Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity 1) Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Minorities; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Exploitation theory is a A) Weberian theory that views racial subordination as benefiting society because it creates a supply of cheap labor. B) Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. C) Spencerian theory that views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control. D) Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Race Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

3) A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool. This sociologist is most likely drawing upon A) the contact hypothesis. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) exploitation theory. D) labeling theory. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Race Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) The police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as A) explanative prejudice. B) racial profiling. C) institutionalized stereotyping. D) the contact hypothesis. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Race Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S. often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate A) the contact hypothesis. B) exploitation theory. C) labeling theory. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Race Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

6) Acts of racial profiling are A) always illegal. B) often initiated by law enforcement officers. C) generally opposed by the American public. D) generally opposed by law enforcement officials. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Race Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 7) The contact hypothesis A) is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B) states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. C) was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa. D) is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would A) be likely to increase stereotypes rather than reduce them. B) be likely to cause both lawyers to become less prejudiced. C) encourage the White lawyer to engage in color-blind racism. D) involve the operation of sexism as well as racism. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

9) A Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. This is an example of A) the self-fulfilling prophecy. B) the contact hypothesis. C) exploitation theory. D) amalgamation. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 10) A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town. The farmer is stationed between two correctional-center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts. As a result of this experience, the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates. This example would be consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

11) John was pulled over by police officers in his hometown without provocation and cause. John determined that it was because he was African American and thus, the officers were racially profiling. This example illustrates which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) functionalist C) conflict D) interactionist Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Racial Profiling Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 12) John and Susan, both of different ethnicities, have been tasked with running a seminar on how to address harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Their cooperative efforts help illustrate which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) conflict C) functionalist D) interactionist Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 13) Expulsion refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

14) Expulsion is illustrated by A) France pushing out over 10,000 ethnic Roma. B) the killing of large numbers of Native Americans by the U.S. government. C) marriages between Whites and Native Americans, producing multiracial children. D) the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 15) The drawing of formal boundaries between groups who are unable to resolve an ethnic or racial conflict is known as A) amalgamation. B) expulsion. C) secession. D) genocide. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16) Genocide refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

17) Amalgamation refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) The belief that the U.S. was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the 20th century, suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce A) pluralism. B) amalgamation. C) segregation. D) assimilation. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 19) In Australia, when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their grandparents' traditional tribal ways, they are practicing the process of A) amalgamation. B) labeling. C) assimilation. D) exploitation. Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

20) The ethnicity shared by the majority of Mexicans is the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and indigenous peoples. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) segregation. D) assimilation. Answer: A Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the U.S., insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian even when in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) the contact hypothesis. D) assimilation. Answer: D Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 22) Segregation refers to the act of A) deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group. B) physically separating two groups, an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. C) combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage. D) denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

23) Which of the following is an example of segregation? A) Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children B) Interracial marriage C) Confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II D) Drawing formal boundaries in order to separate two different groups of people Answer: C Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as A) institutional discrimination. B) apartheid. C) afrocentricity. D) White power. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 25) Pluralism in the U.S. is considered a(n) A) social norm. B) ideal more than a reality. C) reality more than an ideal. D) common socialized practice. Answer: B Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

26) The dominant majority benefits from the subordination of racial minorities. This is considered the emphasis of the conflict perspective. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) Racial profiling is an arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) The partitioning of India into two separate countries in an attempt to end violent conflict between Hindus and Muslims was considered an expulsion. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) There has been a slight decrease in interracial marriages in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Briefly differentiate the views on racial discrimination from the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

31) Discuss the contact hypothesis. How does it help reduce prejudices amongst individuals? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze racial and ethnic inequality using the functionalist, conflict, labeling, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Discuss the various barriers that can impede the assimilation process for Latinos in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Compare and contrast the concepts of amalgamation, assimilation, segregation, and pluralism, and give examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intergroup patterns Learning Objective: Describe the various patterns of intergroup relations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 32 Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity 1) Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 2) Exploitation theory is a A) Weberian theory that views racial subordination as benefiting society because it creates a supply of cheap labor. B) Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. C) Spencerian theory that views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control. D) Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. 3) A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool. This sociologist is most likely drawing upon A) the contact hypothesis. B) the anomie theory of deviance. C) exploitation theory. D) labeling theory. 4) The police practice of assuming that people of a certain race, ethnicity, or national origin are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as A) explanative prejudice. B) racial profiling. C) institutionalized stereotyping. D) the contact hypothesis. 5) Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S. often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate A) the contact hypothesis. B) exploitation theory. C) labeling theory. D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.

6) Acts of racial profiling are A) always illegal. B) often initiated by law enforcement officers. C) generally opposed by the American public. D) generally opposed by law enforcement officials. 7) The contact hypothesis A) is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S. as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B) states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes. C) was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa. D) is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups. 8) A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would A) be likely to increase stereotypes rather than reduce them. B) be likely to cause both lawyers to become less prejudiced. C) encourage the White lawyer to engage in color-blind racism. D) involve the operation of sexism as well as racism. 9) A Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. This is an example of A) the self-fulfilling prophecy. B) the contact hypothesis. C) exploitation theory. D) amalgamation. 10) A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town. The farmer is stationed between two correctional-center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts. As a result of this experience, the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates. This example would be consistent with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 11) John was pulled over by police officers in his hometown without provocation and cause. John determined that it was because he was African American and thus, the officers were racially profiling. This example illustrates which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) functionalist C) conflict D) interactionist 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

12) John and Susan, both of different ethnicities, have been tasked with running a seminar on how to address harassment and discrimination in the workplace. Their cooperative efforts help illustrate which of the following perspectives? A) labeling B) conflict C) functionalist D) interactionist 13) Expulsion refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 14) Expulsion is illustrated by A) France pushing out over 10,000 ethnic Roma. B) the killing of large numbers of Native Americans by the U.S. government. C) marriages between Whites and Native Americans, producing multiracial children. D) the internment of thousands of Japanese Americans. 15) The drawing of formal boundaries between groups who are unable to resolve an ethnic or racial conflict is known as A) amalgamation. B) expulsion. C) secession. D) genocide. 16) Genocide refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 17) Amalgamation refers to the process of A) combining a majority group and a minority group to form a new group. B) expelling a group of people from a territory. C) deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation. D) forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture. 18) The belief that the U.S. was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the 20th century, suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce A) pluralism. B) amalgamation. C) segregation. D) assimilation.

19) In Australia, when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their grandparents' traditional tribal ways, they are practicing the process of A) amalgamation. B) labeling. C) assimilation. D) exploitation. 20) The ethnicity shared by the majority of Mexicans is the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and indigenous peoples. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) segregation. D) assimilation. 21) Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the U.S., insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian even when in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of A) amalgamation. B) pluralism. C) the contact hypothesis. D) assimilation. 22) Segregation refers to the act of A) deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group. B) physically separating two groups, an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group. C) combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage. D) denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. 23) Which of the following is an example of segregation? A) Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children B) Interracial marriage C) Confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II D) Drawing formal boundaries in order to separate two different groups of people 24) The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as A) institutional discrimination. B) apartheid. C) afrocentricity. D) White power.

25) Pluralism in the U.S. is considered a(n) A) social norm. B) ideal more than a reality. C) reality more than an ideal. D) common socialized practice. 26) The dominant majority benefits from the subordination of racial minorities. This is considered the emphasis of the conflict perspective. 27) Racial profiling is an arbitrary action initiated by an authority based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than on a person's behavior. 28) The partitioning of India into two separate countries in an attempt to end violent conflict between Hindus and Muslims was considered an expulsion. 29) There has been a slight decrease in interracial marriages in the United States. 30) Briefly differentiate the views on racial discrimination from the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. 31) Discuss the contact hypothesis. How does it help reduce prejudices amongst individuals? 32) Discuss the various barriers that can impede the assimilation process for Latinos in the United States. 33) Compare and contrast the concepts of amalgamation, assimilation, segregation, and pluralism, and give examples to illustrate your answer.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 33 Race and Ethnicity in the United States 1) Jim Crow laws were passed in the Southern states in order to A) enforce official segregation. B) force legal integration. C) allow enslavement of Blacks. D) end segregation. Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which of the following terms refers to a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions? A) Rainbow Coalition B) Black Power C) civil rights D) Manifest Destiny Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) One in ________ Native American teenagers has attempted suicide, a rate four times higher than the rate for other teenagers. A) two B) four C) six D) eight Answer: C Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following groups makes up the largest percentage of Asian Americans? A) Japanese B) Chinese C) Korean D) Asian Indians Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The largest influx of Vietnamese immigration occurred A) during and after the Spanish-American War. B) during and after World War I. C) during and after World War II. D) during and after the Vietnam War. Answer: D Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) June is a Filipino American who has saved up thousands of dollars. She will be sending the funds to her extended family in her home country. This is referred to as A) remittances. B) redlining. C) sharing economy. D) amalgamation. Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following terms refers to first-generation Japanese immigrants? A) Issei B) Sansei C) Nisei D) Cantonese Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II. A) Japanese Americans B) Jewish Americans C) African Americans D) Vietnamese Americans Answer: A Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Which of the following is considered to be the most unifying force among Arabs? A) culture B) language C) religion D) wealth Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Relative to other Latin American immigrants, Cuban immigrants during the Castro regime A) had higher rates of poverty. B) had higher rates of illiteracy. C) had higher rates of education. D) were more likely to be White. Answer: C Topic: Racial and ethnic populations Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.? A) African Americans B) Latinos C) Asian Americans D) Jews Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Anti-Semitism is a form of A) discrimination. B) racial profiling. C) prejudice. D) stereotype. Answer: C Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) An emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage is referred to as A) White privilege. B) symbolic ethnicity. C) assimilation. D) ethnocentrism. Answer: B Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Since the change in U.S. immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immigration of relatives of U.S. residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from? A) Asia and Eastern Europe B) Europe and Latin America C) Latin America and South America D) Asia and Latin America Answer: D Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) In the future, a growing proportion of the United States will be A) Asian or Hispanic. B) White or Hispanic. C) Arab or Asian. D) White or Asian. Answer: A Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) The culture practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia are quite diverse. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) It is easy to generalize about Asian Indian Americans because they are not as diverse as other Asian population. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Puerto Ricans are considered the largest Latino/a population. Answer: FALSE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Immigrants from Central and South America are a diverse population that has not been closely studied. Answer: TRUE Topic: Race Learning Objective: Describe the various racial and ethnic populations in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Immigration can be dysfunctional. Answer: TRUE Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) Define refugees and asylees. How have they impacted immigration in the United States? You may provide examples to illustrate your point. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Immigration Learning Objective: Analyze the functions and dysfunctions of current United States policy regarding immigration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 33 Race and Ethnicity in the United States 1) Jim Crow laws were passed in the Southern states in order to A) enforce official segregation. B) force legal integration. C) allow enslavement of Blacks. D) end segregation. 2) Which of the following terms refers to a political philosophy, promoted by many younger Blacks in the 1960s, that supported the creation of Black-controlled political and economic institutions? A) Rainbow Coalition B) Black Power C) civil rights D) Manifest Destiny 3) One in ________ Native American teenagers has attempted suicide, a rate four times higher than the rate for other teenagers. A) two B) four C) six D) eight 4) Which of the following groups makes up the largest percentage of Asian Americans? A) Japanese B) Chinese C) Korean D) Asian Indians 5) The largest influx of Vietnamese immigration occurred A) during and after the Spanish-American War. B) during and after World War I. C) during and after World War II. D) during and after the Vietnam War. 6) June is a Filipino American who has saved up thousands of dollars. She will be sending the funds to her extended family in her home country. This is referred to as A) remittances. B) redlining. C) sharing economy. D) amalgamation.

7) Which of the following terms refers to first-generation Japanese immigrants? A) Issei B) Sansei C) Nisei D) Cantonese 8) In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed unprecedented legislation called the Civil Liberties Act, requiring the federal government to apologize for the forced relocation of ________ to "evacuation camps" during World War II. A) Japanese Americans B) Jewish Americans C) African Americans D) Vietnamese Americans 9) Which of the following is considered to be the most unifying force among Arabs? A) culture B) language C) religion D) wealth 10) Relative to other Latin American immigrants, Cuban immigrants during the Castro regime A) had higher rates of poverty. B) had higher rates of illiteracy. C) had higher rates of education. D) were more likely to be White. 11) Which population group represents the largest minority in the U.S.? A) African Americans B) Latinos C) Asian Americans D) Jews 12) Anti-Semitism is a form of A) discrimination. B) racial profiling. C) prejudice. D) stereotype. 13) An emphasis on concerns such as ethnic food or political issues rather than on deeper ties to one's ethnic heritage is referred to as A) White privilege. B) symbolic ethnicity. C) assimilation. D) ethnocentrism.

14) Since the change in U.S. immigration policy during the 1960s to encourage immigration of relatives of U.S. residents and people with desirable skills, where have a majority of immigrants originated from? A) Asia and Eastern Europe B) Europe and Latin America C) Latin America and South America D) Asia and Latin America 15) In the future, a growing proportion of the United States will be A) Asian or Hispanic. B) White or Hispanic. C) Arab or Asian. D) White or Asian. 16) The culture practices of the Aboriginal people of Australia are quite diverse. 17) It is easy to generalize about Asian Indian Americans because they are not as diverse as other Asian population. 18) Puerto Ricans are considered the largest Latino/a population. 19) Immigrants from Central and South America are a diverse population that has not been closely studied. 20) Immigration can be dysfunctional. 21) Define refugees and asylees. How have they impacted immigration in the United States? You may provide examples to illustrate your point.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 34 Social Construction of Gender 1) Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? A) expressiveness B) gender roles C) gender schema D) instrumentality Answer: B Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Assuming that flying a commercial place is a man's job and that parental duties are a woman's job is an example of the A) social construction of gender. B) social construction of sexuality. C) social construction of expressiveness. D) social construction of genetic traits. Answer: A Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called A) homophobia. B) gay fright. C) Ebonics. D) heterophobia. Answer: A Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity"? A) opening a door for a female B) styling hair C) feeding a baby D) crying in public Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 26) Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? A) fist fighting in public B) organizing a birthday lunch at work C) not crying when hurt D) carrying lots of heavy items Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 27) The overwhelming majority of people begin with a definite sex and quickly receive societal messages about how to behave. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Most people do not display strictly "masculine" or "feminine" qualities all the time. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29) We socially construct our behavior so that male-female differences are either created or exaggerated. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Children's books published since the 1970s have shown significant improvement in the representation of females, nearly as many as male characters shown in central roles. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) Homophobia has almost no bearing on gender-role socialization. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Recent research suggests that men who shave their body hair, cry in public, and have pedicures are violating gender norms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Stay-at-home fathers are still considered an unusual phenomenon. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

34) Gender stratification requires not only individual socialization into traditional gender roles within the family, but also the promotion and support of those traditional roles by other social institutions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) Terms such as "her" are an example of gender neutral pronouns. Answer: FALSE Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) A conflict theorist would argue that men's work is uniformly valued, while women's work (whether unpaid labor in the home or wage labor) is devalued. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Gender, race, and social class are the only sources of oppression in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38) Describe the process involved in the social construction of gender roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the phrase the social construction of gender. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

39) Explain how homophobia contributes to gender-role socialization in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Compare and contrast women and men's gender roles and the obstacles that either face if they start adhering to roles that are considered inappropriate. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) Compare and contrast the sociological perspective views on gender. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist explanations of gender stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 34 Social Construction of Gender 1) Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? A) expressiveness B) gender roles C) gender schema D) instrumentality 2) Assuming that flying a commercial place is a man's job and that parental duties are a woman's job is an example of the A) social construction of gender. B) social construction of sexuality. C) social construction of expressiveness. D) social construction of genetic traits. 3) Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called A) homophobia. B) gay fright. C) Ebonics. D) heterophobia. 4) A man doing which of the following would be a violation of the male gender role? A) playing football B) getting into a fight C) joining a knitting circle D) spitting 5) A woman doing which of the following would be a violation of the female gender role? A) wearing acrylic nails B) crying in public C) talking knowledgeably about cars D) babysitting 6) Research on children's books published in the U.S. in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s found that A) females were significantly overrepresented in central roles and illustrations. B) female characters were portrayed as passive and in need of strong males. C) females were portrayed as competent and generally equal to males. D) female characters were portrayed as aggressive and on the same level as strong males. 7) Which of the following sociological perspectives refers to the obstacles to women's advancement in the Army as a brass ceiling? A) interactionist B) conflict C) global D) functionalist 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Which sociological perspective has influenced the creation of the feminist perspective the most? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 22) Which term refers to the convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women? A) web of power B) kitchen prison C) matrix of domination D) gender trap 23) Which sociologist coined the term matrix of domination? A) Patricia Hill Collins B) Karl Marx C) bell hooks D) Ida Wells-Barnett 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patterns of male dominance in cross-sex conversations that express themselves in day-to-day exchanges represent one more battleground in the struggle for gender equality as women try to get a word in edgewise? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 25) Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity"? A) opening a door for a female B) styling hair C) feeding a baby D) crying in public 26) Which of the following would be an example of a man "redoing" traditional gender? A) fist fighting in public B) organizing a birthday lunch at work C) not crying when hurt D) carrying lots of heavy items 27) The overwhelming majority of people begin with a definite sex and quickly receive societal messages about how to behave. 28) Most people do not display strictly "masculine" or "feminine" qualities all the time. 29) We socially construct our behavior so that male-female differences are either created or exaggerated. 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

30) Children's books published since the 1970s have shown significant improvement in the representation of females, nearly as many as male characters shown in central roles. 31) Homophobia has almost no bearing on gender-role socialization. 32) Recent research suggests that men who shave their body hair, cry in public, and have pedicures are violating gender norms. 33) Stay-at-home fathers are still considered an unusual phenomenon. 34) Gender stratification requires not only individual socialization into traditional gender roles within the family, but also the promotion and support of those traditional roles by other social institutions. 35) Terms such as "her" are an example of gender neutral pronouns. 36) A conflict theorist would argue that men's work is uniformly valued, while women's work (whether unpaid labor in the home or wage labor) is devalued. 37) Gender, race, and social class are the only sources of oppression in the United States. 38) Describe the process involved in the social construction of gender roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. 39) Explain how homophobia contributes to gender-role socialization in the United States. 40) Compare and contrast women and men's gender roles and the obstacles that either face if they start adhering to roles that are considered inappropriate. 41) Compare and contrast the sociological perspective views on gender.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 35 Labeling and Human Sexuality 1) How people see themselves, as either male, female, or something else is referred to as A) sexual orientation. B) sexuality. C) gender identity. D) sexual identity. Answer: C Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) The self-awareness of being romantically or sexually attracted to a defined group of people is referred to as A) sexual identity. B) gender identity. C) sexuality. D) gender. Answer: A Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Jaime's current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth. Jaime is considered A) transsexual. B) transgender. C) transvestites. D) bisexual. Answer: B Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Audit studies are a type of experiment used in the social sciences to create matched cases and test for discrimination. Answer: TRUE Topic: Gender Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5) Explain the gender spectrum. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender; Sexuality Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) Choose two different occupations and write a detailed support for why you wouldn't want either a man or woman performing the related tasks. Remember to be honest with both yourself and your audience. When finished, trade your piece with a classmate and start a dialogue about why you both chose the occupations you did and whether the conversation might get you to reconsider your original statement. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Gender roles Learning Objective: Describe women's and men's gender roles and the process of gender-role socialization in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 35 Labeling and Human Sexuality 1) How people see themselves, as either male, female, or something else is referred to as A) sexual orientation. B) sexuality. C) gender identity. D) sexual identity. 2) The self-awareness of being romantically or sexually attracted to a defined group of people is referred to as A) sexual identity. B) gender identity. C) sexuality. D) gender. 3) Jaime's current gender identity does not match their physical identity at birth. Jaime is considered A) transsexual. B) transgender. C) transvestites. D) bisexual. 4) Audit studies are a type of experiment used in the social sciences to create matched cases and test for discrimination. 5) Explain the gender spectrum. 6) Choose two different occupations and write a detailed support for why you wouldn't want either a man or woman performing the related tasks. Remember to be honest with both yourself and your audience. When finished, trade your piece with a classmate and start a dialogue about why you both chose the occupations you did and whether the conversation might get you to reconsider your original statement.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 36 Women: The Oppressed Majority 1) The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as A) sexual harassment. B) sexism. C) sex stratification. D) gender identity. Answer: B Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following terms refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of a society? A) institutional discrimination B) innovation C) indoctrination D) instrumentality Answer: A Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A scientific company lays off employees by seniority, retaining those that have been employed the longest. The majority of the female employees had been hired only in the past 10 years and were educated as part of the push to get more females into math and sciences. This situation is an example of A) instrumentality. B) expressiveness. C) institutional discrimination. D) pluralism. Answer: C Topic: Sex discrimination Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is true? A) Women grow half the world's food, but they rarely own land. B) Women constitute one-half of the world's paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs. C) Single-parent households headed by women are typically found only in industrialized countries because such arrangements cannot survive in developing countries. D) According to a detailed overview of the status of the world's women, issued by the World Bank in 2015, existing gender strategy does not need to be changed. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) According to Muslim traditions, A) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families. B) a woman's feet must always be covered. C) there are no restrictions on men's clothing. D) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families, but a woman's feet must always be covered. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) The hijab is a A) type of head scarf worn by some Muslim women. B) form of prayer among Muslims. C) type of pants worn by some Muslim men. D) traditional Muslim food preparation. Answer: A Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) The veil may be seen as a rejection of ________ prevalent in Western societies. A) strict standards of modesty B) the beauty myth C) human rights standards D) the respect for women Answer: B Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is called A) expressiveness. B) a gender role. C) the glass ceiling. D) instrumentality. Answer: C Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns. A) 95 cents B) 90 cents C) 85 cents D) 83 cents Answer: D Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Male nurses, male grade school teachers, and male librarians may experience some scorn in the larger society. Within the workplace itself, they A) are often similarly scorned. B) typically earn the same as women. C) are typically perceived as token representatives. D) often rise to become supervisors. Answer: D Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations? A) glass ceiling B) glass escalator C) crystal stairs D) transparent ascension Answer: B Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) The double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—is referred to as A) second employment. B) double duty. C) the second shift. D) working double time. Answer: C Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain second shift in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"? A) A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner. B) A man has a career as an accountant; and when he gets home, he cleans his apartment and makes dinner for himself. C) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her family. D) A women who has a career, but also hires help for the home. Answer: C Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain second shift in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) Which of the following is an occupation where women are overrepresented? A) chefs B) dentists C) event planners D) police officers Answer: C Topic: Labor force; Work Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Which of the following is an occupation where women are underrepresented? A) tellers B) dental assistants C) librarians D) postal service mail carriers Answer: C Topic: Labor force; Work Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Which of the following statements about the feminist movement is true? A) There was no feminist movement in the U.S. until the 1980s. B) The second wave of feminism in the U.S. was inspired in part by Millett's Sexual Politics. C) Modern feminist theory is based on the interactionist perspective. D) Friedrich Engels argued that the rise of industrialization benefited women. Answer: B Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as A) social equality. B) glass escalator. C) feminism. D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: C Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Remember 18) Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections? A) Tenth Amendment B) Fourteenth Amendment C) Nineteenth Amendment D) Twenty-Second Amendment Answer: C Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

19) Which of the following sociological perspectives would acknowledge that the persistence of gender roles in a given culture may make it more likely for men to take advantage of women sexually? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global Answer: B Topic: Work; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) Which of the following sociological perspectives notes that sexual harassment remains a vicious behavior and its commonplace use in conversation should not ignore that fact? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global Answer: A Topic: Work; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Which of the following sociological perspectives see sexual harassment as a product of unequal power—men wielding their authority over women, and bosses over employees? A) conflict B) global C) interactionist D) functionalist Answer: A Topic: Work; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Women in the United States remain noticeably underrepresented in politics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) The major institutions in our society are run equally by both males and females. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Women everywhere suffer from second-class status. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Unemployed women do double the amount of extra housework as unemployed men. Answer: TRUE Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Women are often more advantaged when working in male occupations because of the existence of the glass ceiling. Answer: FALSE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) Taking into account age, education, marital status, children, occupational specialization, work experience, and hours worked in a year reduces the pay gap between men and women by only 3 cents. Answer: TRUE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Worldwide, women hold about 10 percent of corporate managerial positions. Answer: FALSE Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) There is a clear gender gap in the performance of housework, although it has been narrowing. Answer: TRUE Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain the "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) A woman's workday is a lot shorter than a man's. Answer: FALSE Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain the "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) Feminism is an ideology that favors equal rights for women. Answer: TRUE Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) White women are more likely than others to call themselves feminists. Answer: FALSE Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) The federal government does not consider sexual harassment a form of discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34) The majority of individuals who experience sexual harassment do not report it. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) Explain institutional discrimination toward women in politics. You may provide an example to help illustrate the concept. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sex discrimination; Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Discuss the status of women worldwide. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Status of women Learning Objective: Summarize the status of women in the U.S. and worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

37) Define the concept of a glass ceiling and discuss how it might apply differently to corporations and less-corporate work structures, like that of public education. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38) Define the term glass escalator, and discuss its significance regarding gender stratification. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Labor force Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the labor force participation and compensation of U.S. men and women in various occupations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Define and explain the second shift. Provide an example to illustrate the concept. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Second shift Learning Objective: Explain "second shift" in terms of women's employment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Explain feminism as a collective consciousness. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Feminism Learning Objective: Summarize the concept of collective consciousness within the context of the development of feminism in the U.S. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) Discuss sexual harassment and stratification via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Describe the effects of sex discrimination. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 36 Women: The Oppressed Majority 1) The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as A) sexual harassment. B) sexism. C) sex stratification. D) gender identity. 2) Which of the following terms refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of a society? A) institutional discrimination B) innovation C) indoctrination D) instrumentality 3) A scientific company lays off employees by seniority, retaining those that have been employed the longest. The majority of the female employees had been hired only in the past 10 years and were educated as part of the push to get more females into math and sciences. This situation is an example of A) instrumentality. B) expressiveness. C) institutional discrimination. D) pluralism. 4) Which of the following statements about the status of women throughout the world is true? A) Women grow half the world's food, but they rarely own land. B) Women constitute one-half of the world's paid labor force but are generally found in the lowest paying jobs. C) Single-parent households headed by women are typically found only in industrialized countries because such arrangements cannot survive in developing countries. D) According to a detailed overview of the status of the world's women, issued by the World Bank in 2015, existing gender strategy does not need to be changed. 5) According to Muslim traditions, A) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families. B) a woman's feet must always be covered. C) there are no restrictions on men's clothing. D) women are permitted to wear revealing garments when they are with their families, but a woman's feet must always be covered. 6) The hijab is a A) type of head scarf worn by some Muslim women. B) form of prayer among Muslims. C) type of pants worn by some Muslim men. D) traditional Muslim food preparation. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) The veil may be seen as a rejection of ________ prevalent in Western societies. A) strict standards of modesty B) the beauty myth C) human rights standards D) the respect for women 8) An invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is called A) expressiveness. B) a gender role. C) the glass ceiling. D) instrumentality. 9) Women earn about ________ for every dollar a man earns. A) 95 cents B) 90 cents C) 85 cents D) 83 cents 10) Male nurses, male grade school teachers, and male librarians may experience some scorn in the larger society. Within the workplace itself, they A) are often similarly scorned. B) typically earn the same as women. C) are typically perceived as token representatives. D) often rise to become supervisors. 11) Which of the following terms refers to an advantage that men have when employed in female-dominated occupations? A) glass ceiling B) glass escalator C) crystal stairs D) transparent ascension 12) The double burden borne by many women—work outside the home followed by child care and housework—is referred to as A) second employment. B) double duty. C) the second shift. D) working double time.

13) Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"? A) A woman works from 9 to 5 as a nurse and then has a second job as a waitress at a local diner. B) A man has a career as an accountant; and when he gets home, he cleans his apartment and makes dinner for himself. C) A woman has a career as a stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her family. D) A women who has a career, but also hires help for the home. 14) Which of the following is an occupation where women are overrepresented? A) chefs B) dentists C) event planners D) police officers 15) Which of the following is an occupation where women are underrepresented? A) tellers B) dental assistants C) librarians D) postal service mail carriers 16) Which of the following statements about the feminist movement is true? A) There was no feminist movement in the U.S. until the 1980s. B) The second wave of feminism in the U.S. was inspired in part by Millett's Sexual Politics. C) Modern feminist theory is based on the interactionist perspective. D) Friedrich Engels argued that the rise of industrialization benefited women. 17) The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as A) social equality. B) glass escalator. C) feminism. D) None of these answers is correct. 18) Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections? A) Tenth Amendment B) Fourteenth Amendment C) Nineteenth Amendment D) Twenty-Second Amendment 19) Which of the following sociological perspectives would acknowledge that the persistence of gender roles in a given culture may make it more likely for men to take advantage of women sexually? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) Which of the following sociological perspectives notes that sexual harassment remains a vicious behavior and its commonplace use in conversation should not ignore that fact? A) interactionist B) functionalist C) conflict D) global 21) Which of the following sociological perspectives see sexual harassment as a product of unequal power—men wielding their authority over women, and bosses over employees? A) conflict B) global C) interactionist D) functionalist 22) Women in the United States remain noticeably underrepresented in politics. 23) The major institutions in our society are run equally by both males and females. 24) Women everywhere suffer from second-class status. 25) Unemployed women do double the amount of extra housework as unemployed men. 26) Women are often more advantaged when working in male occupations because of the existence of the glass ceiling. 27) Taking into account age, education, marital status, children, occupational specialization, work experience, and hours worked in a year reduces the pay gap between men and women by only 3 cents. 28) Worldwide, women hold about 10 percent of corporate managerial positions. 29) There is a clear gender gap in the performance of housework, although it has been narrowing. 30) A woman's workday is a lot shorter than a man's. 31) Feminism is an ideology that favors equal rights for women. 32) White women are more likely than others to call themselves feminists. 33) The federal government does not consider sexual harassment a form of discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 34) The majority of individuals who experience sexual harassment do not report it. 35) Explain institutional discrimination toward women in politics. You may provide an example to help illustrate the concept. 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

36) Discuss the status of women worldwide. 37) Define the concept of a glass ceiling and discuss how it might apply differently to corporations and less-corporate work structures, like that of public education. 38) Define the term glass escalator, and discuss its significance regarding gender stratification. 39) Define and explain the second shift. Provide an example to illustrate the concept. 40) Explain feminism as a collective consciousness. 41) Discuss sexual harassment and stratification via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 37 Aging and Society 1) Which of the following is correct regarding age? A) Age is a socially constructed ascribed status. B) Age is considered an achieved status. C) The status of age is not socially constructed like race or gender. D) Age is neither an achieved nor an ascribed status. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which sociological approach would most likely view old age as a "master status" that has consequences for how the elderly are treated in the United States? A) disengagement theory B) activity theory C) labeling theory D) functionalist perspective Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The elderly exhibit traits of a minority group, including the fact that A) they are indistinguishable from the rest of the population. B) they are unlikely to be married to others of comparable age. C) membership in the group is involuntary. D) there is little solidarity among them as a group. Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

17) According to which theoretical perspective do social roles remain relatively unchanged as people age? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) According to which theoretical perspective is old age a time when people are victimized and their social roles devalued? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 19) Unlike race or gender, age is not socially constructed. Answer: FALSE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) All societies have some system of age stratification and associate certain social roles with distinct periods in life. Answer: TRUE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Activity theory would imply that older married people have a higher risk of dying than those who live alone. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Conflict theorists have suggested that the transition from agricultural economies to industrialization and capitalism has always been beneficial for the elderly. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Describe the process for the social construction of aged roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Define disengagement theory and discuss the controversy surrounding its implications. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the views of the functionalist approach, interactionist approach, labeling theory, and conflict approach on age stratification. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 37 Aging and Society 1) Which of the following is correct regarding age? A) Age is a socially constructed ascribed status. B) Age is considered an achieved status. C) The status of age is not socially constructed like race or gender. D) Age is neither an achieved nor an ascribed status. 2) Which sociological approach would most likely view old age as a "master status" that has consequences for how the elderly are treated in the United States? A) disengagement theory B) activity theory C) labeling theory D) functionalist perspective 3) The elderly exhibit traits of a minority group, including the fact that A) they are indistinguishable from the rest of the population. B) they are unlikely to be married to others of comparable age. C) membership in the group is involuntary. D) there is little solidarity among them as a group. 4) The elderly are categorized as a subordinate or minority group because A) membership in the group is involuntary. B) older U.S. citizens have a strong sense of group solidarity. C) older people experience unequal treatment in employment and may face prejudice and discrimination. D) All of these answers are correct. 5) In analyzing the elderly as a minority, one crucial difference between older people and other subordinate groups is that A) older people are not the objects of prejudice and discrimination. B) membership is not involuntary. C) if we live long enough, we will all become members of this minority. D) older people do not marry members of their own group. 6) Writers commonly refer to people as "young old" when those people are in their A) 50s. B) 60s. C) 70s. D) 80s.

7) Gerontology is A) rule by the elderly. B) the scientific study of the sociological and psychological aspects of aging and the problems of the aged. C) a religious cult that worships the aged. D) a religion formed in Florida that is practiced exclusively by the aged. 8) The functionalist perspective maintains that A) once people are labeled as "old" in the United States, the designation will have a major impact on how they are perceived and how they view themselves. B) elderly people are unfairly regulated by the powerful elements in society. C) elderly people passing social roles on from one generation to another ensure social stability. D) old people have the same need for social interaction as any other group. 9) Which sociologists were responsible for developing the disengagement theory? A) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross and Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming and William Henry C) Talcott Parsons and Robert Merton D) Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels 10) Disengagement theory is a A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) theory of the United States' withdrawal from international involvement typically supported by older, more conservative citizens. 11) A salesperson in his mid sixties is told by his peers, his family, and his boss that it is about time to retire and reap the fruits of his longtime career and his well-endowed pension fund. He eventually gives in to their persistent pressure. This is consistent with A) conflict theory. B) disengagement theory. C) activity theory. D) labeling theory. 12) Activity theory is a(an) A) functionalist theory of aging, contending that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. B) conflict theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. C) functionalist theory of aging, arguing that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of their relationships. D) interactionist theory of aging, arguing that elderly people who remain active will be bestadjusted. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) All societies have some system of age stratification and associate certain social roles with distinct periods in life. 21) Activity theory would imply that older married people have a higher risk of dying than those who live alone. 22) Conflict theorists have suggested that the transition from agricultural economies to industrialization and capitalism has always been beneficial for the elderly. 23) Describe the process for the social construction of aged roles in a society. Give some examples to support your answer. 24) Define disengagement theory and discuss the controversy surrounding its implications.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 38 Aging Worldwide 1) In many developing countries, the traditionally high status of the elderly has been undercut by A) world systems theory. B) gerontology. C) modernization. D) pay equity. Answer: C Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) From available statistics, which country is considered "the oldest" compared to the U.S.? A) Sweden B) Japan C) Germany D) Greece Answer: B Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which psychologist developed a model of adult socialization that includes stages of early adult, midlife, and later adult transitions? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Daniel Levinson D) Robert Atchley Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

4) A midlife crisis is best defined as a period A) of transition experienced by men and women that begins around 50 years of age. B) of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so. C) in which adult children must simultaneously meet the competing needs of their parents and their children. D) of disenchantment that retirees feel as they begin to cope with their new lives. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) The sandwich generation occurs when A) people opt for early retirement and are caught between their working and nonworking peers. B) adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children. C) adults realize that their parents have died and that they are now the oldest generation. D) those who are age 65 are not financially able to retire and must continue working or find paid employment. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Jane has two young, active children. She also is the primary caregiver of her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. Answer: A Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 9) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "near phase" refers to the A) development of a more realistic view of the retirement process. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Rudy, who has just retired from his longtime job as a corporate executive, is enjoying the freedom that his post-working years afford him, and he is spending a lot of time doing the traveling that he never had the time to do before. According to Robert Atchley, he is in which phase of retirement? A) preretirement B) near C) honeymoon D) termination Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Martha tells the company for which she has been working for the last 25 years that she plans to retire on March 15. According to Robert Atchley's analysis of retirement, Martha is in which phase? A) preretirement B) near C) reorientation D) stability Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement? A) disenchantment B) reorientation C) stability D) termination Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "termination phase" refers to the A) day that the individual leaves his or her occupational position. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of letdown as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) A NORC is a(n) A) police officer who serves the aging population. B) type of nursing home. C) area that has become an informal center for senior citizens. D) planned retirement community for those over age 65. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 17) Which of the following would best fit the definition of a NORC? A) a nursing home set up to resemble an apartment living situation B) a planned retirement village in Florida where only those 65+ can live C) an assisted living facility that offers various stages of assistance D) a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 18) Which sociologist noted that dying people pass through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance on their journey to death? A) Richard Kalish B) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

19) Tom is dying at home, where a home hospice-care worker has visited him frequently, and he has been able to spend meaningful time with his various family members and tell them how important they have been to him. Based on the norms of Western cultures such as those of the United States, Tom is A) in the disenchantment phase of dying. B) in the depression stage of dying. C) having an "appropriate death." D) experiencing denial. Answer: C Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. Answer: B Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) An "appropriate death" in Western societies entails A) making the experience as positive as possible. B) controlling the quality of a dying person's last days. C) the ideal of a "good death." D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) What practice, first introduced in London, England, in the 1960s, was founded on the concept of "death with dignity"? A) hospice care B) euthanasia C) senilicide D) naturally occurring retirement communities Answer: A Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 23) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person another. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Anticipatory socialization for retirement is most systematic for White men, since they have most likely participated in a formal retirement preparation program. Answer: TRUE Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Identify some of the stages of the life course. How are these stages affected by social factors like class, race, and gender? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Life course Learning Objective: Describe the various role transitions throughout the life course. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 38 Aging Worldwide 1) In many developing countries, the traditionally high status of the elderly has been undercut by A) world systems theory. B) gerontology. C) modernization. D) pay equity. 2) From available statistics, which country is considered "the oldest" compared to the U.S.? A) Sweden B) Japan C) Germany D) Greece 3) Which psychologist developed a model of adult socialization that includes stages of early adult, midlife, and later adult transitions? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Daniel Levinson D) Robert Atchley 4) A midlife crisis is best defined as a period A) of transition experienced by men and women that begins around 50 years of age. B) of self-evaluation in which people realize that they have not achieved basic goals and have little time to do so. C) in which adult children must simultaneously meet the competing needs of their parents and their children. D) of disenchantment that retirees feel as they begin to cope with their new lives. 5) The sandwich generation occurs when A) people opt for early retirement and are caught between their working and nonworking peers. B) adults try to meet the competing demands of their parents and their own children. C) adults realize that their parents have died and that they are now the oldest generation. D) those who are age 65 are not financially able to retire and must continue working or find paid employment. 6) Starting around age 40, adults often experience a stressful period of self-evaluation, commonly known as A) resocialization. B) a degradation ceremony. C) a midlife crisis. D) anticipatory socialization.

7) Jane has two young, active children. She also is the primary caregiver of her aging father, who still lives alone but needs help around the house and assistance in getting to doctors' appointments. Which of the following best describes Jane's situation? A) Jane is a member of the sandwich generation. B) Jane is a member of Generation X. C) Jane is experiencing a rite of passage. D) Jane is experiencing a midlife crisis. 8) Which sociologist created a model of the retirement experience that incorporates several distinct phases? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley 9) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "near phase" refers to the A) development of a more realistic view of the retirement process. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. 10) Rudy, who has just retired from his longtime job as a corporate executive, is enjoying the freedom that his post-working years afford him, and he is spending a lot of time doing the traveling that he never had the time to do before. According to Robert Atchley, he is in which phase of retirement? A) preretirement B) near C) honeymoon D) termination 11) Martha tells the company for which she has been working for the last 25 years that she plans to retire on March 15. According to Robert Atchley's analysis of retirement, Martha is in which phase? A) preretirement B) near C) reorientation D) stability 12) Jane, a former corporate executive, retires and eventually spends her time happily landscaping her home and working for a volunteer agency serving the local homeless population. According to Robert Atchley, Jane is in which phase of retirement? A) disenchantment B) reorientation C) stability D) termination 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) In Robert Atchley's conceptualization of the retirement process, the "termination phase" refers to the A) day that the individual leaves his or her occupational position. B) point in time when the individual establishes a specific departure date from his or her job. C) time when the person can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. D) development of a realistic view of retirement alternatives. 14) According to gerontologist Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, in what phase of the retirement experience do retirees learn to deal with life after retirement in a reasonable and comfortable fashion? A) near phase B) stability phase C) reorientation phase D) honeymoon phase 15) In the near phase of Robert Atchley's phases of retirement, retirees A) feel a sense of letdown as they deal with their new lives. B) can no longer engage in basic, day-to-day activities such as self-care and housework. C) develop a more realistic view of their retirement options. D) establish a specific departure date from their jobs. 16) A NORC is a(n) A) police officer who serves the aging population. B) type of nursing home. C) area that has become an informal center for senior citizens. D) planned retirement community for those over age 65. 17) Which of the following would best fit the definition of a NORC? A) a nursing home set up to resemble an apartment living situation B) a planned retirement village in Florida where only those 65+ can live C) an assisted living facility that offers various stages of assistance D) a community in Arizona where many 65+ people have relocated to due to the nice weather and multiple facilities that cater to their needs 18) Which sociologist noted that dying people pass through stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance on their journey to death? A) Richard Kalish B) Elisabeth Kubler-Ross C) Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh D) Robert Atchley

19) Tom is dying at home, where a home hospice-care worker has visited him frequently, and he has been able to spend meaningful time with his various family members and tell them how important they have been to him. Based on the norms of Western cultures such as those of the United States, Tom is A) in the disenchantment phase of dying. B) in the depression stage of dying. C) having an "appropriate death." D) experiencing denial. 20) Areas where older Americans congregate and that gradually become informal centers for senior citizens are known as A) retirement communities. B) naturally occurring retirement communities. C) nursing homes. D) assisted living communities. 21) An "appropriate death" in Western societies entails A) making the experience as positive as possible. B) controlling the quality of a dying person's last days. C) the ideal of a "good death." D) All of these answers are correct. 22) What practice, first introduced in London, England, in the 1960s, was founded on the concept of "death with dignity"? A) hospice care B) euthanasia C) senilicide D) naturally occurring retirement communities 23) Retirement is not a single transition, but rather a series of adjustments that varies from one person another. 24) Anticipatory socialization for retirement is most systematic for White men, since they have most likely participated in a formal retirement preparation program. 25) Identify some of the stages of the life course. How are these stages affected by social factors like class, race, and gender?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 39 Age Stratification in the United States 1) The term oldest old refers to A) people aged 65 and older. B) people aged 65 and older who are in poor health. C) people aged 85 and older. D) people aged 85 and older who are in poor health. Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) In old age, by what ratio do women outnumber men? A) 2:1 B) 3:2 C) 5:2 D) They don't; men outnumber women. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) About 80 percent of the elderly in the United States are comprised of which of the following groups? A) non-Hispanic Whites B) African Americans C) Asian Americans D) Latinos Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of these racial and ethnic groups in the United States has a lower death rate? A) Whites B) Asian Americans C) Hispanics D) African Americans Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The minority aged population is expected to A) decline in the next 40 years. B) increase in the next 40 years. C) remain constant over the next 40 years. D) increase with baby boomers and then sharply decline. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which of the following states is the most populated by the elderly? A) California B) Florida C) Arizona D) Texas Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following statements about wealth and income among elderly persons is accurate? A) There is significant variation in wealth and poverty among the nation's older people. B) Older people as a group are homogeneous and poor. C) When compared to lower-class workers, middle-class workers appear generally to be no better-off as they retire. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that elderly women experience a double burden regarding income levels, similar to that experienced by elderly members of racial and ethnic minorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Age stratification; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Ageism is defined as A) prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly. B) the reflection of a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. C) domination and control by the elderly. D) the scientific study of aging and the problems of the aged. Answer: A Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Susan, 56 years of age, and her daughter Beverly, 28 years of age, are both secretaries. They both apply for the same job, and although Susan has much more experience, the company hires Beverly because, as one of the company's owners says, "Who wants a wrinkled old lady to work in our office?" This attitude reflects A) senilicide. B) gerontocracy. C) gerontology. D) ageism. Answer: D Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) Paid employment after age 65 is A) typical. B) increasingly common. C) becoming less common. D) atypical. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Social Security provides what proportion of income for people in the United States? A) 81 percent B) 59 percent C) 39 percent D) 21 percent Answer: C Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) does which of the following? A) Protects those over 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. B) Protects those over 40 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. C) Protects those under 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with older, cheaper employees. D) Protects those under 18 from being fired due to age. Answer: B Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) The emergence of a collective consciousness among the elderly is illustrated by the establishment of the A) United States Congress. B) Roman Catholic church. C) AARP. D) AAA. Answer: C Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) The AARP has endorsed A) pension reforms. B) voter registration campaigns. C) nursing home reforms. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) SAGE was established in 1977 to address the concerns of A) elderly workers with regard to their workplace rights. B) elderly homosexuals. C) elderly residents with regard to nursing home violations. D) elderly victims of bank fraud. Answer: B Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) Which of the following individuals has led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicides? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross D) Dr. Jack Kevorkian Answer: D Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 18) The "act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy" is called A) active euthanasia. B) euthanasia. C) activity theory. D) gerontology. Answer: B Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

19) Florida currently has the highest proportion of elderly people in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) The acronym SAGE stands for Seniors Against Gerontological Environments. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective consciousness Learning Objective: Describe the emerging collective consciousness of the elderly. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) The term euthanasia refers to the killing of children within a society. Answer: FALSE Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Conflict theorists are interested in asking questions about the values raised by decisions involving physician-assisted suicides. Answer: TRUE Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Explain the phenomena of the "graying of America." Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

24) Discuss the lengthening of life expectancy in the United States set against the backdrop of retirement and healthcare. What perspective as a society should we take, and what policies should be drafted in order to accommodate this growing older population? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Aging Learning Objective: Summarize the trends and challenges of aging worldwide. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Describe the effects of ageism in the United States with regard to wealth, competition in the labor force, and the emergence of a collective conscience. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Age stratification Learning Objective: Explain the meaning of the term "graying of America" and explain the social consequences of this trend. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Discuss the controversial topic of physician-assisted suicide and attempt to present the issue from the various sociological perspectives (functionalist, conflict, etc.). Do you think an individual should be given a choice "to die" within a society? Give your reasons. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Right to die Learning Objective: Analyze the issues surrounding the right to die from a sociological perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 39 Age Stratification in the United States 1) The term oldest old refers to A) people aged 65 and older. B) people aged 65 and older who are in poor health. C) people aged 85 and older. D) people aged 85 and older who are in poor health. 2) In old age, by what ratio do women outnumber men? A) 2:1 B) 3:2 C) 5:2 D) They don't; men outnumber women. 3) About 80 percent of the elderly in the United States are comprised of which of the following groups? A) non-Hispanic Whites B) African Americans C) Asian Americans D) Latinos 4) Which of these racial and ethnic groups in the United States has a lower death rate? A) Whites B) Asian Americans C) Hispanics D) African Americans 5) The minority aged population is expected to A) decline in the next 40 years. B) increase in the next 40 years. C) remain constant over the next 40 years. D) increase with baby boomers and then sharply decline. 6) Which of the following states is the most populated by the elderly? A) California B) Florida C) Arizona D) Texas 7) Which of the following statements about wealth and income among elderly persons is accurate? A) There is significant variation in wealth and poverty among the nation's older people. B) Older people as a group are homogeneous and poor. C) When compared to lower-class workers, middle-class workers appear generally to be no better-off as they retire. D) All of these answers are correct. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that elderly women experience a double burden regarding income levels, similar to that experienced by elderly members of racial and ethnic minorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 9) Ageism is defined as A) prejudicial and discriminatory behavior directed against the elderly. B) the reflection of a deep uneasiness among young and middle-aged people about growing old. C) domination and control by the elderly. D) the scientific study of aging and the problems of the aged. 10) Susan, 56 years of age, and her daughter Beverly, 28 years of age, are both secretaries. They both apply for the same job, and although Susan has much more experience, the company hires Beverly because, as one of the company's owners says, "Who wants a wrinkled old lady to work in our office?" This attitude reflects A) senilicide. B) gerontocracy. C) gerontology. D) ageism. 11) Paid employment after age 65 is A) typical. B) increasingly common. C) becoming less common. D) atypical. 12) Social Security provides what proportion of income for people in the United States? A) 81 percent B) 59 percent C) 39 percent D) 21 percent 13) The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) does which of the following? A) Protects those over 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. B) Protects those over 40 from being fired due to age and replaced with younger, cheaper employees. C) Protects those under 30 from being fired due to age and replaced with older, cheaper employees. D) Protects those under 18 from being fired due to age.

14) The emergence of a collective consciousness among the elderly is illustrated by the establishment of the A) United States Congress. B) Roman Catholic church. C) AARP. D) AAA. 15) The AARP has endorsed A) pension reforms. B) voter registration campaigns. C) nursing home reforms. D) All of these answers are correct. 16) SAGE was established in 1977 to address the concerns of A) elderly workers with regard to their workplace rights. B) elderly homosexuals. C) elderly residents with regard to nursing home violations. D) elderly victims of bank fraud. 17) Which of the following individuals has led a crusade to legalize physician-assisted suicides? A) Richard Kalish B) Elaine Cumming C) Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross D) Dr. Jack Kevorkian 18) The "act of bringing about the death of a hopelessly ill and suffering person in a relatively quick and painless way for reasons of mercy" is called A) active euthanasia. B) euthanasia. C) activity theory. D) gerontology. 19) Florida currently has the highest proportion of elderly people in the United States. 20) The acronym SAGE stands for Seniors Against Gerontological Environments. 21) The term euthanasia refers to the killing of children within a society. 22) Conflict theorists are interested in asking questions about the values raised by decisions involving physician-assisted suicides. 23) Explain the phenomena of the "graying of America." 24) Discuss the lengthening of life expectancy in the United States set against the backdrop of retirement and healthcare. What perspective as a society should we take, and what policies should be drafted in order to accommodate this growing older population? 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

25) Describe the effects of ageism in the United States with regard to wealth, competition in the labor force, and the emergence of a collective conscience. Give examples to support your answer. 26) Discuss the controversial topic of physician-assisted suicide and attempt to present the issue from the various sociological perspectives (functionalist, conflict, etc.). Do you think an individual should be given a choice "to die" within a society? Give your reasons.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 40 Global View of the Family 1) Which of the following best defines a family? A) a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together C) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring D) a group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. Answer: A Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) A) extended family. B) nuclear family. C) clan. D) polygynous family. Answer: B Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

34) Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 35) The family as an institution exists in all cultures. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example—albeit a rare one—of a social order in which women are more powerful than men. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Kinship is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological or marital ties. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) The family and kin groups are one and the same. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) In patriarchal societies, the eldest male often wields the greatest power. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Matriarchies are very common, especially among Native American societies. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain the three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

43) Standards of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) Interactionist theorists emphasize the relationships among family members. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Compare and contrast the different types of families across cultures. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the different family types across cultures. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 46) Compare and contrast the family from a kinship. Provide examples to help illustrate. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families Learning Objective: Describe the significance of kinship patterns. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Do you believe that the Oneida community is a family or a kinship? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families Learning Objective: Explain three ways in which power is distributed within families. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

48) Discuss the social institution of family from the various sociological perspectives. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the family using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and feminist perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 40 Global View of the Family 1) Which of the following best defines a family? A) a set of people related by blood, marriage or some other agreed-upon relationship, or adoption, who share the responsibility for reproducing and caring for members of society B) a married couple and their unmarried children living together C) two unrelated adults who have chosen to share each other's lives in a relationship of mutual caring D) a group of individuals, relation not necessary, living together 2) A married couple and their unmarried children living together constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. 3) A man and his wife and their biological children live on a pretty piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n) A) extended family. B) nuclear family. C) clan. D) polygynous family. 4) A married couple, their children, and other relatives—such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles— living together in the same household constitute a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) matrilocal family. D) patrilocal family. 5) Which of the following is considered an extended family? A) a college sorority B) the Arapesh tribe of New Guinea C) Beverly, her husband Bob, and their two children, Barry and Bonnie D) a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home 6) Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which A) an individual has only one partner. B) a woman may have several husbands at the same time. C) a man may have several wives at the same time. D) an individual has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one at a time.

7) Which of the following is an example of monogamy? A) Ted and Tonya have been married to each other for 3 months. B) Tori, Tito, and Tabitha have been living with each other for 14 years. C) Troy and his sister Tracy live together in an apartment. D) All of these answers are correct. 8) When a person has several spouses in a lifetime, but only one spouse at a time, it is called A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) serial polygamy. 9) Steve and Mary are married and then get a divorce. Steve then marries Rachel, and they get a divorce, too. Steve remarries Mary and lives with her until she dies. After Mary's death, Steve marries Beth and lives with her until his death. These relationships of Steve's life are an example of A) polygamy. B) polygyny. C) serial monogamy. D) polyandry. 10) What is the general term for a marriage in which an individual can have several husbands or wives at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry 11) Which of the following terms refers to the marriage of a man to more than one woman at the same time? A) monogamy B) plurality C) polygyny D) polyandry 12) In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. This is a form of A) monogamy. B) polygyny. C) polyandry. D) group marriage. 13) Under which marital form can a woman have several husbands at the same time? A) monogamy B) polygamy C) polygyny D) polyandry 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

28) Which sociological perspective would suggest that social change has influenced the family, in that many traditional family activities, such as education, have been assumed by other social institutions? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) anomie perspective 29) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that polyandrous cultures devalue the social worth of women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 30) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that family decision making reflects the inequality of traditional gender stratification, in which men have held a dominant position over women? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective 31) Which sociological perspective would argue that the U.S. family contributes to social injustice and denies women opportunities that are commonly extended to men? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 32) Feminists have argued that laws in the U.S. traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 33) Which sociological perspective(s) would most likely focus attention on the personal relationships between stepparents and their stepchildren and the family dynamics involved in such relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict and feminist perspectives C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

34) Which sociological perspective would contend that social scientists need to rethink the notion that families without an adult male present are automatically a cause for concern? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 35) The family as an institution exists in all cultures. 36) Polygamy, polygyny, and polyandry are all forms of serial monogamy. 37) Polygyny is a social system in which women may have several husbands and in which women are more powerful than men. 38) Polyandry, a system in which women may have several husbands, is an example—albeit a rare one—of a social order in which women are more powerful than men. 39) Kinship is culturally learned and is not totally determined by biological or marital ties. 40) The family and kin groups are one and the same. 41) In patriarchal societies, the eldest male often wields the greatest power. 42) Matriarchies are very common, especially among Native American societies. 43) Standards of sexual behavior are most clearly defined within the family circle. 44) Interactionist theorists emphasize the relationships among family members. 45) Compare and contrast the different types of families across cultures. 46) Compare and contrast the family from a kinship. Provide examples to help illustrate. 47) Do you believe that the Oneida community is a family or a kinship? Explain. 48) Discuss the social institution of family from the various sociological perspectives. Give examples to support your answer.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 41 Marriage and Family 1) The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: C Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of A) hypergamy. B) endogamy. C) homogamy. D) exogamy. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group. B) one's own family group. C) one's own sexual group. D) one's own peer group. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following factors has contributed to the delay in marriage? A) financial security B) educational pursuits C) lack of single individuals D) high standards Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) The term incest taboo refers to A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors. C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) The incest taboo is an example of A) exogamy. B) homogamy. C) endogamy. D) heterogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on A) the incest taboo. B) endogamy. C) exogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage; Culture Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own is known as A) exogamy. B) incest taboo. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. Answer: D Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of A) women in the workforce. B) female-headed households among the poor. C) male-headed households among the poor. D) females in professional-level jobs. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) In societies with economic considerations at play, arranged marriages are engineered by A) parents. B) politicians. C) community leaders. D) peers. Answer: A Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Machismo refers to A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang. B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate. D) pride in the extended family, expressed through close ties. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

13) Which of the following is an example of machismo? A) Mary drives a pickup truck. B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team. D) Susana opens doors for both men and women. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) The term familism refers to pride in the A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence. B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk. C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children. D) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of A) machismo. B) familism. C) a domestic partnership. D) homogamy. Answer: B Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

16) As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics. B) take on the positive aspects often associated with White households. C) take on the negative aspects often associated with White households. D) take on both the positive and negative aspects often associated with White households. Answer: D Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as A) functions of the family. B) fostering. C) adoption. D) cohabitation. Answer: C Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if the aunt and uncle take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) adoption. C) heterogamy. D) endogamy. Answer: B Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

19) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Child-rearing patterns; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) single-parent family. D) co-parental family. Answer: C Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true? A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers. B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in singleparent households. C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent. D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: A Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) The most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships; Marriage Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S. Answer: FALSE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) The transition to parenthood is gradual. Answer: FALSE Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Heritage camps immerse children in cultural experiences reflective of their cultural background. Answer: TRUE Topic: Culture; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) Identify and contrast the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Discuss and contrast the variations of contemporary family styles found within the U.S. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Intimate relationships; Families; Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Explain the increasing trend in dual-income couples. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Describe various child-rearing patterns in family life. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 41 Marriage and Family 1) The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 2) Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far as they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of A) hypergamy. B) endogamy. C) homogamy. D) exogamy. 3) In the U.S., endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within A) one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group. B) one's own family group. C) one's own sexual group. D) one's own peer group. 4) Which of the following factors has contributed to the delay in marriage? A) financial security B) educational pursuits C) lack of single individuals D) high standards 5) The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as A) exogamy. B) hypergamy. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 6) The term incest taboo refers to A) the prohibition of sexual relationships between certain culturally specified relatives. B) the prohibition of marriage between close relatives and neighbors. C) the requirement, in some cultures, of having one's sexual initiation occur within the safe confines of a family relationship. D) not having sex with neighbors or business associates. 7) The incest taboo is an example of A) exogamy. B) homogamy. C) endogamy. D) heterogamy. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) In most states in the U.S., an individual is not permitted to marry a parent, a sibling, an aunt or an uncle, a grandparent, or a first or second cousin. These rules reflect our societal emphasis on A) the incest taboo. B) endogamy. C) exogamy. D) homogamy. 9) The conscious or unconscious tendency to select a mate with personal characteristics similar to one's own is known as A) exogamy. B) incest taboo. C) endogamy. D) homogamy. 10) The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of A) women in the workforce. B) female-headed households among the poor. C) male-headed households among the poor. D) females in professional-level jobs. 11) In societies with economic considerations at play, arranged marriages are engineered by A) parents. B) politicians. C) community leaders. D) peers. 12) Machismo refers to A) bonding between members of a Hispanic street gang. B) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's maleness. C) the "brotherhood" that exists between members of an Italian crime syndicate. D) pride in the extended family, expressed through close ties. 13) Which of the following is an example of machismo? A) Mary drives a pickup truck. B) José, a Mexican American, drives a flashy sports car, works out in a gym, and believes that he can "get any woman that he wants." C) Reggie, an African American, is the captain of his college football team. D) Susana opens doors for both men and women.

14) The term familism refers to pride in the A) nuclear family, expressed through the maintenance of a strong system of rituals and permanence. B) extended family, expressed through the maintenance of close ties and strong obligations to kinfolk. C) single-parent family, expressed through the maintenance of close bonds and attention to the needs of children. D) a sense of virility, personal worth, and pride in one's own family. 15) Although Maria and Juan, a young Mexican American couple, have formed a nuclear family, they enjoy their relationships with parents and relatives and interact with them on a daily basis. This is an example of A) machismo. B) familism. C) a domestic partnership. D) homogamy. 16) As Mexican Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the U.S., their family lives A) typically lose most of their distinctive ethnic characteristics. B) take on the positive aspects often associated with White households. C) take on the negative aspects often associated with White households. D) take on both the positive and negative aspects often associated with White households. 17) The process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as A) functions of the family. B) fostering. C) adoption. D) cohabitation. 18) A teenage couple produces a baby, and they agree that they are too young to raise it on their own. The girl's aunt and uncle cannot produce a child of their own, and they all agree that it would be a good idea if the aunt and uncle take legal custody of the baby. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) adoption. C) heterogamy. D) endogamy. 19) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to point out that policymakers have both a humanitarian and a financial stake in promoting adoption? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective

20) After his divorce from Wanda, Willy has custody of his two young children. Fortunately, his job allows him to work from home on his computer, and he is able to earn a living to support his family and to spend as much time as necessary supervising and caring for his children. This is an example of a(n) A) nuclear family. B) extended family. C) single-parent family. D) co-parental family. 21) Which of the following statements concerning stepfamilies is true? A) Children raised by stepmothers are likely to have less health care, education, and money spent on their food than children raised by biological mothers. B) The well-being of children in stepfamilies is better, on average, than that of children in singleparent households. C) Children would be better off living with a couple in conflict than going through divorce and living with a new stepparent. D) All of these answers are correct. 22) The most consistent aspect of family life in this country has been the high rate of marriage. 23) Two examples of endogamy are the incest taboo and former laws that prohibited the marriage of Blacks and Whites in some parts of the U.S. 24) The term we use for the "like marries like" rule is homogamy. 25) The transition to parenthood is gradual. 26) Heritage camps immerse children in cultural experiences reflective of their cultural background. 27) Identify and contrast the various forms of marriage found throughout most societies of the world. 28) Describe the various norms of mate selection and explain how they may or may not be related to a love relationship. 29) Discuss and contrast the variations of contemporary family styles found within the U.S. 30) Explain the increasing trend in dual-income couples.

3) Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) an extended family. C) heterogamy. D) both cohabitation and an extended family. Answer: A Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct? A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness. B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically. C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence. D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness. Answer: A Topic: Marriage Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws in the past decades. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Intimate relationships Learning Objective: Describe the variations in marital patterns and family life. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) Custodial arrangements are always followed by divorced parents. Answer: FALSE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8) It will be many years before it is possible to identify the divorce and remarriage patterns of same-sex couples. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) Couples who seek divorce usually must either return to the place where they were married and re-establish legal residence or try to work through the still-undefined process in their home state. Answer: TRUE Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S. Answer: FALSE Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) The trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period is related to the growing economic independence of young people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

12) Paid parental leave for mothers and fathers with newborns or newly adopted children is common in all countries, developed or not. Answer: TRUE Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) In the United States, family leave is left to the employee and employer's discretion. Answer: FALSE Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Identify the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance throughout the twentieth century. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) How common is divorce? Explain. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze the trends and factors associated with divorce. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) Discuss the issues that gay couples who are looking to divorce may face. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Divorce Learning Objective: Analyze policy concerning gay marriage through a sociological lens. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) Discuss why those who remain childless by choice might need the assistance of support networks like those listed in your text. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Diverse lifestyles Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Discuss family leave policies via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Families; Child-rearing patterns Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of diverse lifestyles on the social institution of the family. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 42 Alternatives to Traditional Families 1) What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years? A) more liberal laws B) increased stigma of divorce C) economic opportunities for men D) increase in the social acceptance of divorce 2) Why is divorce for many same-sex couples currently more complicated than for opposite-sex couples? A) Although same-sex marriage has been legalized, same-sex divorce has not been legalized. B) Most courts refuse to take on same-sex divorce cases. C) Before same-sex marriage was legalized nationwide, many same-sex couples traveled outside their home jurisdictions in order to be legally married. D) According to Obergefell v. Jones (2015), same-sex "marriages" legally only qualify as civil unions. 3) Donna, a 33-year-old divorcee with two sons, and Mark, a 50-year-old divorcee with two daughters, become engaged and live together. Although they are strongly committed to one another, they never actually go ahead with the marriage. This is an example of A) cohabitation. B) an extended family. C) heterogamy. D) both cohabitation and an extended family. 4) Which of the following statements about childlessness in the U.S. is correct? A) There has been a modest increase in childlessness. B) Childlessness has decreased dramatically. C) Childlessness is directly correlated to views on abstinence. D) There has been a modest decrease in childlessness. 5) Most states have adopted more liberal divorce laws in the past decades. 6) More and more people in the U.S. are postponing entry into their first marriage. 7) Custodial arrangements are always followed by divorced parents. 8) It will be many years before it is possible to identify the divorce and remarriage patterns of same-sex couples. 9) Couples who seek divorce usually must either return to the place where they were married and re-establish legal residence or try to work through the still-undefined process in their home state. 10) According to data from the Census Bureau, there has been a modest decrease in the number of childless married couples in the U.S. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

11) The trend toward maintaining a single lifestyle for a longer period is related to the growing economic independence of young people. 12) Paid parental leave for mothers and fathers with newborns or newly adopted children is common in all countries, developed or not. 13) In the United States, family leave is left to the employee and employer's discretion. 14) Identify the various factors associated with divorce that increased its acceptance throughout the twentieth century. 15) How common is divorce? Explain. 16) Discuss the issues that gay couples who are looking to divorce may face. 17) Discuss why those who remain childless by choice might need the assistance of support networks like those listed in your text. 18) Discuss family leave policies via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 43 Sociological Perspectives on Education 1) The lifelong process of learning the attitudes, values, and behavior considered appropriate to members of a particular culture is referred to as A) secularization. B) subculture. C) education. D) socialization. Answer: D Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(n) A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) example of the correspondence principle. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of A) latent functions of education. B) manifest functions of education. C) manifest dysfunctions of education. D) latent dysfunctions of education. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

31) Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 required federally funded schools to do all of the following except for A) eliminating sex-segregated classes. B) prohibiting sex discrimination in admissions and for financial aid. C) giving female students more opportunities, in proportion to their enrollment and interest, to play sports. D) permitting federal funding without conditions. Answer: D Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 33) As a social institution, education performs a rather conservative function—transmitting the dominant culture. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34) All governments shape culture through education. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) In effect, schools serve as a transitional agent of social control, bridging the gap between parents and employers in the life cycle of most individuals. Answer: TRUE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) The correspondence principle refers to schools that perpetuate social-class integration within a community setting. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Students who are placed in low-ability groups are able to easily be promoted to high-ability groups in the future. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

38) Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist sociological perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) In what ways has research shown that education can serve as an agent of change? How does this latent function of education differ from other latent functions as described by the functionalist perspective? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Discuss the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41) Discuss tracking and the criticisms of its use. How can it impede a student's ability to succeed? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Summarize the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

42) Discuss the interactionist perspective on education. Define the teacher-expectancy effect and give examples to illustrate your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43) Discuss the great strides that women have made in education. What has contributed to these successes? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 43 Sociological Perspectives on Education 1) The lifelong process of learning the attitudes, values, and behavior considered appropriate to members of a particular culture is referred to as A) secularization. B) subculture. C) education. D) socialization. 2) Teaching students about the physical and political geography of their state, their country, and the world is a(n) A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) example of the correspondence principle. 3) Teaching students to read and write, to calculate numbers, and to master the facts of their society's history are all examples of A) latent functions of education. B) manifest functions of education. C) manifest dysfunctions of education. D) latent dysfunctions of education. 4) Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. 5) Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a A) manifest function of education. B) latent function of education. C) dysfunction of education. D) goal of the interactionist approach to education. 6) A particular college requires students to live on campus during their first two years to help foster a sense of community among diverse groups. This A) is illegal in most states. B) serves a latent function of education. C) serves a manifest function of education. D) is an attempt to re-socialize improper behavior.

32) The teacher-expectancy effect reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 33) As a social institution, education performs a rather conservative function—transmitting the dominant culture. 34) All governments shape culture through education. 35) In effect, schools serve as a transitional agent of social control, bridging the gap between parents and employers in the life cycle of most individuals. 36) The correspondence principle refers to schools that perpetuate social-class integration within a community setting. 37) Students who are placed in low-ability groups are able to easily be promoted to high-ability groups in the future. 38) Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist sociological perspective. 39) In what ways has research shown that education can serve as an agent of change? How does this latent function of education differ from other latent functions as described by the functionalist perspective? 40) Discuss the inhibiting effects of education, according to the conflict perspective. 41) Discuss tracking and the criticisms of its use. How can it impede a student's ability to succeed? 42) Discuss the interactionist perspective on education. Define the teacher-expectancy effect and give examples to illustrate your answer. 43) Discuss the great strides that women have made in education. What has contributed to these successes?

3) In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: D Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) A particular teacher spends 80 percent of her time filling out proper forms required by the school district and the rest of her time actually teaching. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: A Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

5) You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students, with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: B Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Your professor receives a promotion when she publishes a journal article within her body of expertise, instead of the promotion going to the department chair's brother-in-law who used to be a cashier but could really use the money. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) employment based on technical qualifications B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority Answer: A Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7) Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Bureaucratization; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

8) Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Bureaucratization; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Researchers have identified distinctive student subcultures on college campuses. The students who focus on having fun and socializing are referred to as the ________ subculture. A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist Answer: B Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 10) Which of the college subcultures identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake? A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist Answer: A Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

11) Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are A) less academically prepared for college. B) isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills. C) negatively affected if they have an attention deficit disorder. D) are unable to properly communicate with others. Answer: B Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Which of the following is considered a problem with homeschooling? A) quality control B) the number of teachers C) the quality of the time children spend with parents D) the rate of learning Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 13) Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children? A) Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests. B) Most homeschooled students belong to single-parent families. C) Most homeschooled students belong to middle-income families. D) Most homeschooled students come from affluent neighborhoods. Answer: A Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

14) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools meet society's need for education while serving a diverse student body? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Education Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools do not represent teachers' interests well and are contributing to the decline of labor unions? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Education Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 16) In many respects, today's schools, when viewed as an example of formal organizations, are similar to factories, hospitals, and business firms. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) Schools operate autonomously and are typically not influenced by the market of potential students. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Conflicts arise for teachers when they must serve as employee of the school, disciplinarian, and instructor all at the same time. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Burnout is a common stressor for teachers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) The overall prestige of the teaching profession has increased over the last decade. Answer: FALSE Topic: Bureaucratization Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) The college subculture that focuses on socializing and having fun instead of attending classes is the nonconformist subculture. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education; Subcultures Learning Objective: Describe the manifest and latent functions of schools, according to the functionalist view. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

22) Experimental schools that are developed and managed by individuals, groups of parents, or an educational management organization are referred to as charter schools. Answer: TRUE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Charter schools are privately financed. Answer: FALSE Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Discuss Max Weber's five characteristics of a bureaucracy and how they apply to educational settings. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Discuss the concept of homeschooling in contemporary America. Provide multiple reasons different individual families may choose schooling at home versus private and public choices. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Describe the bureaucratization of schools and its impact on the teaching profession. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) Discuss charter schools via the sociological perspectives. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Education Learning Objective: Analyze education using the functionalist, conflict, feminist, and interactionist sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 44 Schools as Formal Organizations 1) Which sociologist's analysis of bureaucracies has been applied to schools in the United States because of the growing number of students enrolled in schools and the greater degree of specialization required within a technologically complex society? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Max Weber D) Samuel Bowles 2) A particular school district hires a staff member who only works with students who have specific reading difficulties. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 3) In a particular school system, a teacher's aide must report to her teacher, and the teacher must report to his assistant principal, who then must report to her principal, who then must report to the superintendent, who ultimately is responsible to the board of education. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 4) A particular teacher spends 80 percent of her time filling out proper forms required by the school district and the rest of her time actually teaching. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 5) You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students, with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) written rules and regulations B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority

6) Your professor receives a promotion when she publishes a journal article within her body of expertise, instead of the promotion going to the department chair's brother-in-law who used to be a cashier but could really use the money. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy? A) employment based on technical qualifications B) impersonality C) division of labor D) hierarchy of authority 7) Which perspective generally takes a positive view of the bureaucratization of education? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 8) Which perspective views the bureaucratization of education as simply a reflection of the values of powerful groups in society? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 9) Researchers have identified distinctive student subcultures on college campuses. The students who focus on having fun and socializing are referred to as the ________ subculture. A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist 10) Which of the college subcultures identifies with the intellectual concerns of the faculty and values knowledge for its own sake? A) academic B) collegiate C) fraternity D) nonconformist 11) Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are A) less academically prepared for college. B) isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills. C) negatively affected if they have an attention deficit disorder. D) are unable to properly communicate with others. 12) Which of the following is considered a problem with homeschooling? A) quality control B) the number of teachers C) the quality of the time children spend with parents D) the rate of learning 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children? A) Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests. B) Most homeschooled students belong to single-parent families. C) Most homeschooled students belong to middle-income families. D) Most homeschooled students come from affluent neighborhoods. 14) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools meet society's need for education while serving a diverse student body? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 15) Which sociological perspectives would likely argue that charter schools do not represent teachers' interests well and are contributing to the decline of labor unions? A) functionalist B) conflict C) interactionist D) feminist 16) In many respects, today's schools, when viewed as an example of formal organizations, are similar to factories, hospitals, and business firms. 17) Schools operate autonomously and are typically not influenced by the market of potential students. 18) Conflicts arise for teachers when they must serve as employee of the school, disciplinarian, and instructor all at the same time. 19) Burnout is a common stressor for teachers. 20) The overall prestige of the teaching profession has increased over the last decade. 21) The college subculture that focuses on socializing and having fun instead of attending classes is the nonconformist subculture. 22) Experimental schools that are developed and managed by individuals, groups of parents, or an educational management organization are referred to as charter schools. 23) Charter schools are privately financed. 24) Discuss Max Weber's five characteristics of a bureaucracy and how they apply to educational settings. 25) Discuss the concept of homeschooling in contemporary America. Provide multiple reasons different individual families may choose schooling at home versus private and public choices. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Discuss charter schools via the sociological perspectives.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 45 The Sociological Approach to Religion 1) Secularization is the A) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C) ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D) element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." This relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates A) creationism. B) fundamentalism. C) secularization. D) the Protestant ethic. Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 3) Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Karl Marx D) Robert Merton Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists

19) Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) The stained glass ceiling refers to the A) ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions. B) difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions. C) difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S. religious system. D) ability of women to fill any position with any organization. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 21) Which sociological perspective emphasizes individual religious expression through belief, ritual, and experience? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: B Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

22) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a potential source of structural social change, through liberation theology? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: C Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 23) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social integration and unification? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social support for individuals? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist Answer: A Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

25) Durkheim was not so much interested in the personalities of religious believers as he was in understanding religious behavior within a social context. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) The profane includes the ordinary and commonplace. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) Religion is a cultural universal. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Latent functions of religion include unintended actions that are considered covert or hidden. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) A by-product of the Protestant ethic is the drive to accumulate savings that can be used for future investment. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

30) Discuss the concepts of sacred and profane in the context of the distinctions religious faiths make between transcending events and the everyday world. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the sociological approach to religion. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) What is the integrative function of religion? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Compare and contrast the world religions discussed in the text. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Discuss the primary differences between the functionalist and conflict views on religion. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the role of religion using the major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 45 The Sociological Approach to Religion 1) Secularization is the A) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes. B) process through which religion's influence on other social institutions increases. C) ordinary and commonplace element of life, as distinguished from the sacred. D) element beyond everyday life that inspires awe, respect, and even fear. 2) The U.S. government maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." This relationship between the church and the government in the U.S. illustrates A) creationism. B) fundamentalism. C) secularization. D) the Protestant ethic. 3) Which sociologist was perhaps the first to recognize the critical importance of religion in human societies? A) Émile Durkheim B) Talcott Parsons C) Karl Marx D) Robert Merton 4) According to Émile Durkheim, religion is A) a unified system of beliefs and practices related to profane things. B) the feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being. C) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to worldly things. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things. 5) The concept of the sacred encompasses A) the ordinary and commonplace elements of life. B) the practices required or expected of members of a faith. C) elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear. D) a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to profane things. 6) Many cultures have shamans, or spiritual guides, who assist individuals on spiritual journeys to the "underworld" or some other non-earthly realm. These shamanic journeys would likely be considered part of A) the sacred. B) the profane. C) creationism. D) both the sacred and creationism.

20) The stained glass ceiling refers to the A) ability of women to fill leadership positions within religious institutions. B) difficulty women face obtaining leadership positions within religious institutions. C) difficulty women have in practicing their beliefs within the U.S. religious system. D) ability of women to fill any position with any organization. 21) Which sociological perspective emphasizes individual religious expression through belief, ritual, and experience? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 22) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a potential source of structural social change, through liberation theology? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 23) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social integration and unification? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 24) Which sociological perspective emphasizes religion as a source of social support for individuals? A) functionalist B) interactionist C) conflict D) feminist 25) Durkheim was not so much interested in the personalities of religious believers as he was in understanding religious behavior within a social context. 26) The profane includes the ordinary and commonplace. 27) Religion is a cultural universal. 28) Latent functions of religion include unintended actions that are considered covert or hidden. 29) A by-product of the Protestant ethic is the drive to accumulate savings that can be used for future investment.

30) Discuss the concepts of sacred and profane in the context of the distinctions religious faiths make between transcending events and the everyday world. 31) What is the integrative function of religion? 32) Compare and contrast the world religions discussed in the text. 33) Discuss the primary differences between the functionalist and conflict views on religion.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 46 World Religions 1) Which is the single largest faith in the world? A) Islam B) Hinduism C) Christianity D) Judaism Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? A) Both are polytheistic. B) Both include the belief in prophets. C) Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah. D) Both require confession and communion. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Which of the following is true regarding Islam? A) Followers of Islam vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions. B) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God. C) Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity. D) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Which of the following is true regarding Judaism? A) For Jews, God's true nature is revealed in the Torah. B) Judaism has a relatively large world following. C) It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam. D) For Jews, the Messiah has yet to return. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways? A) They all use the same religious text. B) They are all monotheistic. C) They are all polytheistic. D) They share the same ritualistic traditions. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) In which way does Hinduism differ from other major religions? A) It embraces a number of major and minor gods. B) It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation. C) It is preserved mostly through a single written text. D) It embraces only one god. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism? A) It is identical to Hinduism. B) It emerged in India. C) It strives for material pleasures while on earth. D) It developed in the 1800s. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) The statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious A) belief. B) experience. C) value. D) ritual. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as A) religious ritual. B) fanaticism. C) fundamentalism. D) secularization. Answer: C Topic: Religion; Beliefs Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious A) experiences. B) rituals. C) values. D) beliefs. Answer: B Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

13) Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) totem. Answer: A Topic: Religion; Rituals Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) custom. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 15) The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious A) value. B) belief. C) experience. D) ritual. Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

16) Islam is the largest single faith in the world. Answer: FALSE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) Both Christianity and Islam impose a moral code on believers. Answer: FALSE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Rituals usually honor the divine power (or powers) worshipped by believers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Communion with the Holy Spirit is an example of an experience. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Write a summary of Islam as presented in your textbook. Be sure to include both similarities and differences between Islam and other religions, as well as the divisions within Islam itself. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Summarize the diverse nature of world religions. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

21) Discuss the three components of religion—belief, ritual, and experience—and describe how they depend on each other. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Describe the components of religious behavior. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 46 World Religions 1) Which is the single largest faith in the world? A) Islam B) Hinduism C) Christianity D) Judaism 2) In which of the following ways are Christianity and Islam similar? A) Both are polytheistic. B) Both include the belief in prophets. C) Both consider God's true nature to be revealed through the Torah. D) Both require confession and communion. 3) Which of the following is true regarding Islam? A) Followers of Islam vary sharply in their interpretations of traditions. B) Islam recognizes Jesus as the son of God. C) Islam is more individualistic in its expression than Christianity. D) Muslim governments do not reinforce Islamic practices through laws. 4) Which of the following is true regarding Judaism? A) For Jews, God's true nature is revealed in the Torah. B) Judaism has a relatively large world following. C) It does not have much in common with Christianity or Islam. D) For Jews, the Messiah has yet to return. 5) Judaism is like Christianity and Islam in which of the following ways? A) They all use the same religious text. B) They are all monotheistic. C) They are all polytheistic. D) They share the same ritualistic traditions. 6) In which way does Hinduism differ from other major religions? A) It embraces a number of major and minor gods. B) It emphasizes enlightenment through meditation. C) It is preserved mostly through a single written text. D) It embraces only one god. 7) Which of the following attributes is true regarding Buddhism? A) It is identical to Hinduism. B) It emerged in India. C) It strives for material pleasures while on earth. D) It developed in the 1800s.

8) The statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. 9) Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people "to be fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious A) belief. B) experience. C) value. D) ritual. 10) Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as A) religious beliefs. B) religious experiences. C) religious rituals. D) religious norms. 11) Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as A) religious ritual. B) fanaticism. C) fundamentalism. D) secularization. 12) On the Jewish holiday of Passover, Jews are expected to eat matzo, or unleavened bread, during their Seder, or holiday dinner, rather than the bread they eat during the rest of the year. Eating the matzo and having a Seder are examples of religious A) experiences. B) rituals. C) values. D) beliefs. 13) Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) totem. 14) The feeling or perception of being in direct contact with the ultimate reality, such as a divine being, or of being overcome with religious emotion is called a religious A) ritual. B) experience. C) belief. D) custom. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing a choir sing is characterized as a religious A) value. B) belief. C) experience. D) ritual. 16) Islam is the largest single faith in the world. 17) Both Christianity and Islam impose a moral code on believers. 18) Rituals usually honor the divine power (or powers) worshipped by believers. 19) Communion with the Holy Spirit is an example of an experience. 20) Write a summary of Islam as presented in your textbook. Be sure to include both similarities and differences between Islam and other religions, as well as the divisions within Islam itself. 21) Discuss the three components of religion—belief, ritual, and experience—and describe how they depend on each other. Give examples to support your answer.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 47 Religious Organization 1) A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n) A) cult. B) denomination. C) sect. D) ecclesia. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) A denomination is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States? A) an Amish church B) the Episcopalian religion C) a storefront church in an inner-city community D) Jehovah's Witnesses Answer: B Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States? A) Roman Catholic B) Protestant C) Judaism D) Muslim Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) A sect is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: D Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) An established sect is a A) religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society. B) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. C) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. D) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which of the following is an example of an established sect? A) Catholicism B) Conservative Judaism C) the Hutterites D) Confucianism Answer: C Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) A new religious movement (NRM) or cult is A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) the concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, of a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. Answer: A Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) An ecclesia does not exist in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) One major sign of the fluidity of individual religion and spirituality is the rise of the electronic church. Answer: TRUE Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) Explain the characteristics of a new religious movement (NRM), or cult. How is a cult similar to and different from a sect? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Religion Learning Objective: Contrast the four basic forms of religious organization. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 47 Religious Organization 1) A religious organization that is recognized as the national or official religion is known as a(n) A) cult. B) denomination. C) sect. D) ecclesia. 2) A denomination is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 3) Which of the following is an example of a denomination in the United States? A) an Amish church B) the Episcopalian religion C) a storefront church in an inner-city community D) Jehovah's Witnesses 4) Which of the following is the largest single denomination in the United States? A) Roman Catholic B) Protestant C) Judaism D) Muslim 5) A sect is a A) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. D) relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 6) An established sect is a A) religious group that is considered an outgrowth of a sect yet remains isolated from society. B) religious organization that claims to include most or all of the members of a society and that is recognized as the national or official religion. C) large organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. D) generally small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which of the following is an example of an established sect? A) Catholicism B) Conservative Judaism C) the Hutterites D) Confucianism 8) A new religious movement (NRM) or cult is A) generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. B) a large, organized religion that is not officially linked with the state or government. C) the concept, developed by J. Milton Yinger, of a religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains isolated from society. D) a relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith. 9) An ecclesia does not exist in the United States. 10) One major sign of the fluidity of individual religion and spirituality is the rise of the electronic church. 11) Explain the characteristics of a new religious movement (NRM), or cult. How is a cult similar to and different from a sect?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 48 Government, Power, and Authority 1) What term do we use to refer to "who gets what, when, and how"? A) power B) interests C) politics D) economic Answer: C Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A) legitimacy B) politics C) influence D) power Answer: D Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets. The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of A) charisma. B) power. C) politics. D) force. Answer: B Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

31) Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack? A) Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack. B) Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack. C) Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy. D) Terrorists neither deny or admit that they had any say in the attack. Answer: A Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) Power lies at the heart of a political system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Power relations can involve large organizations, small groups, or even people in an intimate association. Answer: TRUE Topic: Politics; Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34) According to the classification system developed by Max Weber, the power of the president and Congress in the United States is based on traditional authority. Answer: FALSE Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35) Traditional authority is absolute when the ruler has the ability to determine laws and policies. Answer: TRUE Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

36) Most monarchs now have little practical power; they serve primarily ceremonial purposes. Answer: TRUE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37) Germany during Hitler's reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and North Korea today are classified as dictatorships. Answer: FALSE Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38) Sociologists who take a global view of war study how and why two or more nations become engaged in military conflict. Answer: TRUE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) Public opinion plays a significant role in the execution of war. Answer: TRUE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Nations can maintain their security by threatening violence. Answer: FALSE Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) Explain how power operates in society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power Learning Objective: Explain how power operates in society. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber. Give examples to illustrate each type. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Authority Learning Objective: Compare the three types of authority. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43) Compare and contrast the various types of government. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) Do you believe that the United States is genuinely a representative democracy? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Contrast the various types of government. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Discuss the importance of political participation in representative democracy. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Government Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) Discuss the three ways sociologists are interested in the concept of war. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Define the concept of terrorism and discuss the role media play in its contemporary forms. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Terrorism Learning Objective: Summarize the various sociological approaches to war and peace. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 48 Government, Power, and Authority 1) What term do we use to refer to "who gets what, when, and how"? A) power B) interests C) politics D) economic 2) Which term was used by Max Weber to refer to the ability to exercise one's will over others? A) legitimacy B) politics C) influence D) power 3) A particular sociology instructor decides what subject matter will be covered each time her class meets. The fact that the instructor can make these decisions and that the students must follow her lead is an example of A) charisma. B) power. C) politics. D) force. 4) Max Weber defined force as A) the actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others. B) the exercise of power through a process of persuasion. C) the ability to exercise one's will over others. D) power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. 5) When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying A) influence. B) force. C) authority. D) legitimacy. 6) Which of the following is a social institution founded on a recognized set of procedures for implementing and achieving society's goals? A) political action committee B) interest group C) elite group D) political system

27) Sociologists Theodore Caplow and Louis Hicks have defined ________ as conflict between organizations that possess trained combat forces equipped with deadly weapons. A) terrorism B) war C) pluralism D) strife 28) According to the Global Peace Index, which nations are at the top or are otherwise considered "very peaceful"? A) Iran and Somalia B) Denmark and Sweden C) Jamaica and Mexico D) Iceland and New Zealand 29) What term do we use to refer to the use of or threat of violence against random or symbolic targets in pursuit of political aims? A) politics B) terrorism C) hard negotiation D) war 30) Utilizing Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach, Alfred McClung Lee has suggested that terrorism A) always pits the powerful against the have-nots. B) always has a religious basis. C) is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. D) always pits the powerful against the have-nots and is similar to the theater, in that certain scenes are played out in a predictable fashion. 31) Which of the following is predictable in the aftermath of a terrorist attack? A) Terrorists admit responsibility for the attack. B) Terrorists deny having any knowledge of the attack. C) Terrorists give public interviews to denounce the enemy. D) Terrorists neither deny or admit that they had any say in the attack. 32) Power lies at the heart of a political system. 33) Power relations can involve large organizations, small groups, or even people in an intimate association. 34) According to the classification system developed by Max Weber, the power of the president and Congress in the United States is based on traditional authority. 35) Traditional authority is absolute when the ruler has the ability to determine laws and policies. 36) Most monarchs now have little practical power; they serve primarily ceremonial purposes. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

37) Germany during Hitler's reign, the Soviet Union in the 1930s, and North Korea today are classified as dictatorships. 38) Sociologists who take a global view of war study how and why two or more nations become engaged in military conflict. 39) Public opinion plays a significant role in the execution of war. 40) Nations can maintain their security by threatening violence. 41) Explain how power operates in society. 42) Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber. Give examples to illustrate each type. 43) Compare and contrast the various types of government. 44) Do you believe that the United States is genuinely a representative democracy? Why or why not? 45) Discuss the importance of political participation in representative democracy. 46) Discuss the three ways sociologists are interested in the concept of war. 47) Define the concept of terrorism and discuss the role media play in its contemporary forms.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 49 Political Behavior and Power in the United States 1) Which of the following statements about political apathy in the U.S. is correct? A) The demographic with the most voter apathy is the young; however, the young do vote more often as they grow older. B) Half the people in the U.S. have contacted a national, state, or local official about a political issue or problem. C) Only a small minority of all citizens are familiar with the political process in the U.S., and very few tend to identify with a political party. D) Young people are not alienated from the political system, contrary to popular belief. Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Because many young, minority, or poor citizens are not engaged politically, political power brokers A) have made efforts to reach this portion of the electorate through increased use of social media. B) will probably continue to ignore their interests. C) are creating programs to help get these potential voters registered. D) feel alienated from the political system. Answer: B Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) A decline in political participation allows governments to A) become dictatorships. B) be held to higher standards. C) operate with less accountability. D) become more efficient. Answer: C Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

4) Historically, voter turnout has been particularly low among which group? A) young adults B) the middle class C) senior citizens D) the wealthy Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) A recent analysis of newspaper coverage of female gubernatorial candidates indicated that A) coverage focused more often on the personal life, appearance, or personality of a female candidate than it did on that of a male candidate. B) articles are more likely to illustrate political issues with statements made by female candidates. C) newspapers often fail to cover the political rallies of female candidates. D) male and female candidates have received equal treatment by the news media in recent elections. Answer: A Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A) pluralist model B) elite model C) functionalist model D) interactionist model Answer: B Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Which of the following terms did C. Wright Mills use to refer to the military leaders of the power elite at the top of his pyramid structure? A) warlords B) opinion leaders C) exploited masses D) rulers Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) According to C. Wright Mill's model, which of the following groups is located at the bottom of the pyramid? A) exploited masses B) legislators C) military leaders D) social upper class Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) According to G. William Domhoff, today's power elite in the U.S. is composed of which of the following? A) White males B) African American males C) White females D) African American females Answer: A Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) According to G. William Domhoff's model of the political power structure, to which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong? A) corporate-conservative coalition B) liberal-labor coalition C) environmental-elite coalition D) policy-formation coalition Answer: B Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 11) The pluralist model of power relations in the United States suggests that A) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B) power is held by many competing groups that have access to government, so no single group is dominant. C) power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders along with a group of highly charismatic leaders. Answer: B Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) The pluralist model is criticized most significantly for A) its failure to weigh the impact of new communications technologies. B) constituting a kind of "reverse discrimination" against White males. C) an almost total exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from the political process. D) only recognizing minority racial and ethnic groups at election time. Answer: C Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

17) Low voter turnout is essentially nonexistent in the United States. Answer: FALSE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) The media tend to cover the personal lives of male politicians more than those of female politicians, since males are more likely to be elected to political offices. Answer: FALSE Topic: Political participation; Politics Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process. Answer: TRUE Topic: Political participation Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Karl Marx believed that democracy was a sham. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Mills' power elite is not a conspiracy, but rather a community of interest and sentiment among a small number of influential people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) A fundamental element in Mills' power structure model is that the power elite are relatively few in number and also operate as a self-conscious and cohesive unit. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Today's corporate elite are overwhelmingly White and male. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) The United States is an example of an elite system. Answer: FALSE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Robert Dahl's model of political power in the United States suggests there are three levels: corporate, executive, and military elites; local opinion leaders; and the unorganized, exploited masses at the bottom of the pile. Answer: FALSE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26) One common point between the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective is that power is unequally distributed within the U.S. political system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) Today, social media is the major force in political and civic engagement. Answer: TRUE Topic: Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Explain the importance of the Latino/a political voice in American politics. Has their growing presence translated to more votes? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Political participation; Politics; Government Learning Objective: Summarize political participation and apathy in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Discuss the representation of women and minorities within the U.S. governmental structure. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Political participation; Politics Learning Objective: Describe the influence of race and gender on politics in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Describe the various models of the power structure in the United States and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) Who do you believe holds the power in the United States? Explain your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Do you agree with the claim that the United States is a pluralist model? Why or why not? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Power elite model; Pluralism Learning Objective: Compare and contrast the various models of power structure in the United States. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 49 Political Behavior and Power in the United States 1) Which of the following statements about political apathy in the U.S. is correct? A) The demographic with the most voter apathy is the young; however, the young do vote more often as they grow older. B) Half the people in the U.S. have contacted a national, state, or local official about a political issue or problem. C) Only a small minority of all citizens are familiar with the political process in the U.S., and very few tend to identify with a political party. D) Young people are not alienated from the political system, contrary to popular belief. 2) Because many young, minority, or poor citizens are not engaged politically, political power brokers A) have made efforts to reach this portion of the electorate through increased use of social media. B) will probably continue to ignore their interests. C) are creating programs to help get these potential voters registered. D) feel alienated from the political system. 3) A decline in political participation allows governments to A) become dictatorships. B) be held to higher standards. C) operate with less accountability. D) become more efficient. 4) Historically, voter turnout has been particularly low among which group? A) young adults B) the middle class C) senior citizens D) the wealthy 5) A recent analysis of newspaper coverage of female gubernatorial candidates indicated that A) coverage focused more often on the personal life, appearance, or personality of a female candidate than it did on that of a male candidate. B) articles are more likely to illustrate political issues with statements made by female candidates. C) newspapers often fail to cover the political rallies of female candidates. D) male and female candidates have received equal treatment by the news media in recent elections. 6) Which model of power relations suggests that society is ruled by a small group of individuals who share a common set of political and economic interests? A) pluralist model B) elite model C) functionalist model D) interactionist model 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which of the following terms did C. Wright Mills use to refer to the military leaders of the power elite at the top of his pyramid structure? A) warlords B) opinion leaders C) exploited masses D) rulers 8) According to C. Wright Mill's model, which of the following groups is located at the bottom of the pyramid? A) exploited masses B) legislators C) military leaders D) social upper class 9) According to G. William Domhoff, today's power elite in the U.S. is composed of which of the following? A) White males B) African American males C) White females D) African American females 10) According to G. William Domhoff's model of the political power structure, to which coalition would colleges and universities likely belong? A) corporate-conservative coalition B) liberal-labor coalition C) environmental-elite coalition D) policy-formation coalition 11) The pluralist model of power relations in the United States suggests that A) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders. B) power is held by many competing groups that have access to government, so no single group is dominant. C) power is held by a group of charismatic leaders. D) power is concentrated in the hands of a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders along with a group of highly charismatic leaders. 12) The pluralist model is criticized most significantly for A) its failure to weigh the impact of new communications technologies. B) constituting a kind of "reverse discrimination" against White males. C) an almost total exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from the political process. D) only recognizing minority racial and ethnic groups at election time.

13) Studies of the pluralist model within distinct communities, such as Dahl's work in New Haven, have which important limitation? A) They are not scientific because they lack effective controls. B) Racial and ethnic minorities are largely absent from such studies. C) Observation is necessarily limited to local elites who belong to a larger national ruling class. D) They fail to address the potential of elites keeping certain matters out of government debate. 14) The segment of the voting population that has shown the most voter apathy is the young; however, they do vote more often as they grow older. 15) If political participation declines, government operates with less of a sense of accountability to society. 16) Political participation makes government accountable to the voters. 17) Low voter turnout is essentially nonexistent in the United States. 18) The media tend to cover the personal lives of male politicians more than those of female politicians, since males are more likely to be elected to political offices. 19) Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process. 20) Karl Marx believed that democracy was a sham. 21) Mills' power elite is not a conspiracy, but rather a community of interest and sentiment among a small number of influential people. 22) A fundamental element in Mills' power structure model is that the power elite are relatively few in number and also operate as a self-conscious and cohesive unit. 23) Today's corporate elite are overwhelmingly White and male. 24) The United States is an example of an elite system. 25) Robert Dahl's model of political power in the United States suggests there are three levels: corporate, executive, and military elites; local opinion leaders; and the unorganized, exploited masses at the bottom of the pile. 26) One common point between the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective is that power is unequally distributed within the U.S. political system. 27) Today, social media is the major force in political and civic engagement. 28) Explain the importance of the Latino/a political voice in American politics. Has their growing presence translated to more votes? Why or why not? 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

29) Discuss the representation of women and minorities within the U.S. governmental structure. 30) Describe the various models of the power structure in the United States and give examples to support your answer. 31) Who do you believe holds the power in the United States? Explain your answer. 32) Do you agree with the claim that the United States is a pluralist model? Why or why not?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 50 Economic Systems 1) The sociocultural evolution approach developed by Gerhard Lenski categorizes preindustrial societies according to the way in which the ________ is organized. A) political system B) economy C) religious system D) polity Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services? A) agrarian society B) horticultural society C) industrial society D) postmodern society Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a(n) ________ society. A) agrarian B) industrial C) postindustrial D) horticultural Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

4) What are the two types of economic systems that are seen in contemporary societies? A) democracy and communism B) capitalism and socialism C) communism and informalism D) capitalism and democracy Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is owned individually, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 6) Laissez-faire refers to a form of ________ under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. A) socialism B) communism C) totalitarianism D) capitalism Answer: D Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) Monopoly is A) a market with relatively few sellers. B) a form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention. C) the control of a market by a single business firm. D) a social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. Answer: C Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) For many years, there was only one long-distance telephone company in the United States— the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. This company was an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) veto group. D) pressure group. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 9) A particular computer software manufacturer creates a product that all computers are required to use. The exclusive product allows the manufacturer to dictate prices, standards of quality, and product availability. This would be an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) oligarchy. D) conglomerate. Answer: A Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

10) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the U.S. economy, competition is still far more restricted than is ideal? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy; Capitalism Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 11) Which of the following is true of a government of a capitalist nation? A) They monitor prices. B) Values business over consumer. C) Takes ownership of entire industries. D) Disregards safety and environmental standards. Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 12) Which of the following theorists point out that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy, competition is still much more restricted than one might expect? A) conflict B) interactionists C) functionalists D) globalists Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

16) The United States has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical care to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: B Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 17) Which term do we use to refer to an economic system under which all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 18) Communism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is individually owned, and social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. Answer: B Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) Moses is working on a kibbutz in Israel where all the members have the same standard of living and they equally divide the profits from the citrus crop that is the primary source of income for the community. This kibbutz is an example of which type of economic system? A) communism B) informal economy C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism Answer: A Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government are indicative of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 21) Trading a haircut for a computer lesson is an example of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

22) An unlicensed street vendor sells watches, which may have been stolen, at a makeshift stand in New York City's Times Square. Another person repairs cars for "private" clients in a garage attached to his home. Neither reports their activities to the government. Both of these people are part of A) a multinational corporation. B) the informal economy. C) the private economy. D) the underground economy. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 23) Which of the following theorists contend that bureaucratic regulations sometimes contribute to the rise of an informal, or underground, economy? A) conflict B) functionalists C) interactionists D) globalists Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 24) Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism; Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) The majority of the total economic activity in the United States comes from an informal economy. Answer: FALSE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Capitalist systems vary in the degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) The People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and Cuba are the remaining societies that serve as ideal types of communist systems. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Countries such as Russia and Sweden overhauled their socialist economies in the early 1980s, transforming them to laissez-faire capitalism. Answer: FALSE Topic: Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Participants in the informal economy are less likely than others to save and invest their income. Answer: TRUE Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Informal economies exist only in developing countries. Answer: FALSE Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

31) Discuss the emergence of capitalism within an industrialized society. Include definitions of laissez-faire and monopoly in your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Capitalism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32) Discuss the similarities and differences among socialism, communism, and capitalism. Give examples to illustrate each type of economic system. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Capitalism; Socialism Learning Objective: Describe capitalism, socialism, and the informal economy. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 50 Economic Systems 1) The sociocultural evolution approach developed by Gerhard Lenski categorizes preindustrial societies according to the way in which the ________ is organized. A) political system B) economy C) religious system D) polity 2) Which type of society relies chiefly on mechanization for the production of its economic goods and services? A) agrarian society B) horticultural society C) industrial society D) postmodern society 3) A society such as France or Italy that has an economy based on the production of goods in factories through mechanization would be an example of a(n) ________ society. A) agrarian B) industrial C) postindustrial D) horticultural 4) What are the two types of economic systems that are seen in contemporary societies? A) democracy and communism B) capitalism and socialism C) communism and informalism D) capitalism and democracy 5) Capitalism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is owned individually, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. 6) Laissez-faire refers to a form of ________ under which people compete freely with minimal government intervention in the economy. A) socialism B) communism C) totalitarianism D) capitalism

7) Monopoly is A) a market with relatively few sellers. B) a form of capitalism under which people compete freely, with minimal government intervention. C) the control of a market by a single business firm. D) a social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. 8) For many years, there was only one long-distance telephone company in the United States— the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. This company was an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) veto group. D) pressure group. 9) A particular computer software manufacturer creates a product that all computers are required to use. The exclusive product allows the manufacturer to dictate prices, standards of quality, and product availability. This would be an example of a(n) A) monopoly. B) oligopoly. C) oligarchy. D) conglomerate. 10) Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the U.S. economy, competition is still far more restricted than is ideal? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 11) Which of the following is true of a government of a capitalist nation? A) They monitor prices. B) Values business over consumer. C) Takes ownership of entire industries. D) Disregards safety and environmental standards. 12) Which of the following theorists point out that although pure monopolies are not a basic element of the economy, competition is still much more restricted than one might expect? A) conflict B) interactionists C) functionalists D) globalists

13) Socialism is defined as A) an economic system under which all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. B) an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. C) an economic system under which the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) an economic system in which the people compete freely, within minimal government intervention. 14) In which type of economic system is the laissez-faire philosophy rejected and the central government, acting as a representative of the people, makes basic economic decisions? A) informal economy B) capitalism C) socialism D) agrarianism 15) Socialist societies differ from capitalist societies in their commitment to A) free elections. B) support of the mass media. C) the provision of social service programs. D) overseeing all aspects of public life. 16) The United States has considered a national health care system that would guarantee medical care to all citizens as a basic human right. The government's involvement in providing health care for all citizens is characteristic of which type of economic system? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 17) Which term do we use to refer to an economic system under which all property is communally owned, and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce? A) communism B) socialism C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 18) Communism is an economic system in which A) the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. B) all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. C) the means of production and distribution are collectively owned. D) all property is individually owned, and social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) Moses is working on a kibbutz in Israel where all the members have the same standard of living and they equally divide the profits from the citrus crop that is the primary source of income for the community. This kibbutz is an example of which type of economic system? A) communism B) informal economy C) laissez-faire capitalism D) contemporary capitalism 20) Transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government are indicative of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. 21) Trading a haircut for a computer lesson is an example of A) socialist sanctions. B) communism. C) an informal economy. D) capitalistic profits. 22) An unlicensed street vendor sells watches, which may have been stolen, at a makeshift stand in New York City's Times Square. Another person repairs cars for "private" clients in a garage attached to his home. Neither reports their activities to the government. Both of these people are part of A) a multinational corporation. B) the informal economy. C) the private economy. D) the underground economy. 23) Which of the following theorists contend that bureaucratic regulations sometimes contribute to the rise of an informal, or underground, economy? A) conflict B) functionalists C) interactionists D) globalists 24) Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems. 25) The majority of the total economic activity in the United States comes from an informal economy. 26) Capitalist systems vary in the degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity.

27) The People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and Cuba are the remaining societies that serve as ideal types of communist systems. 28) Countries such as Russia and Sweden overhauled their socialist economies in the early 1980s, transforming them to laissez-faire capitalism. 29) Participants in the informal economy are less likely than others to save and invest their income. 30) Informal economies exist only in developing countries. 31) Discuss the emergence of capitalism within an industrialized society. Include definitions of laissez-faire and monopoly in your answer. 32) Discuss the similarities and differences among socialism, communism, and capitalism. Give examples to illustrate each type of economic system.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 51 Changing Economies 1) Affirmative action is defined as A) the act of admitting minorities to colleges, regardless of their credentials. B) the act of hiring minorities for open positions, regardless of their qualifications. C) positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. D) efforts to further segregate minority groups from employment and educational opportunities. Answer: C Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities are known as A) reverse discrimination. B) quotas. C) pluralism. D) affirmative action. Answer: D Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Which sociological perspective would likely view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

4) Which sociological perspective would be interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 5) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing face of the workforce, workers will find themselves supervising and being supervised by people very different from themselves? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 6) The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is known as A) downsizing. B) shrink wrapping. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

7) A particular dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia, where labor costs are lower. This is an example of A) gentrification. B) deindustrialization. C) downsizing. D) modernization. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) When a corporation in the U.S. relocates its plants to a country where prevailing wages are lower than in the U.S., this is the final stage of A) modernization. B) post modernization. C) deindustrialization. D) downsizing. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 9) Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A) deindustrialization. B) downsizing. C) anomie. D) alienation. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

10) Downsizing refers to reductions in A) the size of urban communities through advanced planning techniques. B) a company's workforce. C) the size of unions as a result of satisfied worker apathy. D) factory pollutants output. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 11) A particular restaurant experiences a decrease in business, and this leads to a budget deficit. To balance the budget, the management initially pares down the menu so that there is less spoilage. Management then dismisses the busboys and buys an inferior quality of meat and fish. Finally, management fires several waiters and waitresses and increases the workload of those who remain. These actions illustrate A) deregulation. B) downsizing. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 12) Which perspective would suggest that downsizing in the mid-1990s reflects the continuing importance of social class in the United States? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) ethnocentric perspective Answer: B Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

13) Offshoring refers to A) doing work on an offshore ship. B) sending jobs overseas. C) managing offshore oil rigs. D) agreeing to move if one's position is relocated. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 14) Which of the following employment areas is most vulnerable to offshoring? A) computer programming B) medicine C) road construction D) sociological research Answer: A Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty is referred to as A) outsourcing. B) microfinancing. C) offshoring. D) reshoring. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

16) The term microfinancing refers to A) lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B) welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C) welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D) pyramid schemes. Answer: A Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 17) The majority of microloan recipients are A) men. B) entrepreneurs. C) women. D) urban business owners. Answer: C Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 18) Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because the majority of these loans A) go to men. B) go to women. C) have a high interest rate. D) go to sex traffickers. Answer: B Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 19) Affirmative action is now illegal. Answer: FALSE Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

20) Conflict theorists note that job loss has long been a feature of deindustrialization among blue-collar workers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) United States employers have been relying more and more on the part-time workforce. Answer: TRUE Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Analyze economic issues using the three major sociological perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Discuss how deindustrialization and downsizing have changed the face of the workforce in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Explain how temporary and part-time positions are reshaping the workforce in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy; Workforce trends Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Discuss the arguments posed by both critics and proponents of the sharing economy. Do you agree with the critics or proponents? Why? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Economy Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of changing economies. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 51 Changing Economies 1) Affirmative action is defined as A) the act of admitting minorities to colleges, regardless of their credentials. B) the act of hiring minorities for open positions, regardless of their qualifications. C) positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. D) efforts to further segregate minority groups from employment and educational opportunities. 2) Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities are known as A) reverse discrimination. B) quotas. C) pluralism. D) affirmative action. 3) Which sociological perspective would likely view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to reduce inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing the opportunities of groups that have been deprived in the past? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 4) Which sociological perspective would be interested in studying how the introduction of an affirmative action program in a factory creates labels and stereotypes within a workplace and affects the relationships among employees? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 5) Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that in the changing face of the workforce, workers will find themselves supervising and being supervised by people very different from themselves? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 6) The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants is known as A) downsizing. B) shrink wrapping. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) A particular dress manufacturer closes a factory in South Carolina and moves the factory to Malaysia, where labor costs are lower. This is an example of A) gentrification. B) deindustrialization. C) downsizing. D) modernization. 8) When a corporation in the U.S. relocates its plants to a country where prevailing wages are lower than in the U.S., this is the final stage of A) modernization. B) post modernization. C) deindustrialization. D) downsizing. 9) Reductions in a company's workforce as part of deindustrialization are called A) deindustrialization. B) downsizing. C) anomie. D) alienation. 10) Downsizing refers to reductions in A) the size of urban communities through advanced planning techniques. B) a company's workforce. C) the size of unions as a result of satisfied worker apathy. D) factory pollutants output. 11) A particular restaurant experiences a decrease in business, and this leads to a budget deficit. To balance the budget, the management initially pares down the menu so that there is less spoilage. Management then dismisses the busboys and buys an inferior quality of meat and fish. Finally, management fires several waiters and waitresses and increases the workload of those who remain. These actions illustrate A) deregulation. B) downsizing. C) deindustrialization. D) modernization. 12) Which perspective would suggest that downsizing in the mid-1990s reflects the continuing importance of social class in the United States? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) ethnocentric perspective

13) Offshoring refers to A) doing work on an offshore ship. B) sending jobs overseas. C) managing offshore oil rigs. D) agreeing to move if one's position is relocated. 14) Which of the following employment areas is most vulnerable to offshoring? A) computer programming B) medicine C) road construction D) sociological research 15) Lending small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty is referred to as A) outsourcing. B) microfinancing. C) offshoring. D) reshoring. 16) The term microfinancing refers to A) lending small sums of money to the poor so that they can work their way out of poverty. B) welfare handouts for poor people in developing countries. C) welfare handouts for poor people in industrial countries. D) pyramid schemes. 17) The majority of microloan recipients are A) men. B) entrepreneurs. C) women. D) urban business owners. 18) Feminist theorists are particularly interested in microfinancing because the majority of these loans A) go to men. B) go to women. C) have a high interest rate. D) go to sex traffickers. 19) Affirmative action is now illegal. 20) Conflict theorists note that job loss has long been a feature of deindustrialization among blue-collar workers. 21) United States employers have been relying more and more on the part-time workforce. 22) Discuss how deindustrialization and downsizing have changed the face of the workforce in the United States. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

23) Explain how temporary and part-time positions are reshaping the workforce in the United States. 24) Discuss the arguments posed by both critics and proponents of the sharing economy. Do you agree with the critics or proponents? Why?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 52 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness 1) The World Health Organization refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A) euphoria. B) health. C) happiness. D) well-being. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on A) objective and agreed-upon criteria established by the medical community. B) criteria established by themselves; their relatives, friends, and coworkers; and medical practitioners. C) criteria established by the World Health Organization. D) body temperature. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) The controlling factor for the functionalist perspective is A) the medical profession. B) the physician as a gatekeeper. C) social inequities. D) medicalization. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 20) Which of the following sociological perspectives emphasizes the doctor-patient relationship and the interaction of medical staff? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) functionalist perspective D) conflict perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 21) Culture contributes to differences in medical care and even how health is defined. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Culture Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Patients' judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender, age, social class, race, and ethnicity. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

23) Medicine serves as an agent of social control by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) The irony of midwives is that they first brought professionalism to child delivery, yet today they are portrayed as invading the legitimate field of obstetrics. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Differentiate the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views on the issue of health. Give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze health and illness using the functionalist, conflict, interactionist, and labeling approaches. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Explain social epidemiology. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 52 Sociological Perspectives on Health and Illness 1) The World Health Organization refers to "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity" as A) euphoria. B) health. C) happiness. D) well-being. 2) An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on A) objective and agreed-upon criteria established by the medical community. B) criteria established by themselves; their relatives, friends, and coworkers; and medical practitioners. C) criteria established by the World Health Organization. D) body temperature. 3) The concept of the sick role is associated with which perspective? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 4) Which of the following statements regarding the medicalization of society is true? A) Medicine has slightly expanded its domain of expertise in recent decades. B) As an agent of social control, medicine has incorporated chiropractors and nurse-midwives into the realm of acceptable medicine. C) Nurse-midwives do not need special licensing to achieve professional respectability. D) Physicians continue to exert power to ensure midwifery remains a subordinate occupation. 5) Talcott Parsons believed physicians function as ________ for the sick role by verifying a patient's condition as illness or designating the patient as recovered. A) functionalists B) gatekeepers C) negotiators D) ambassadors 6) Sociologist Talcott Parsons suggests that the doctor-patient relationship is somewhat like that between A) parent and child. B) peers. C) teacher and students. D) nurse and patient.

7) Which sociological perspective suggests that the term medicalization of society refers to the growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) labeling perspective 8) The medicalization of society refers to the A) growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control. B) dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds. C) election of medical specialists to high offices in government. D) approach in which medical experts define all of the illnesses or diseases in our society. 9) Which of the following is a way in which medicine manifests as social control? A) through a greatly expanded domain of expertise B) by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures C) by spending more, comparably, on advertising D) both through a greatly expanded domain of expertise and by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures 10) Which theoretical perspective views medicine as a form of social control? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 11) What term refers to the process of medical experts becoming influential in proposing and assessing relevant public policies? A) medical matrix B) medical model C) medical maze D) medical monolith 12) Which of the following sociological perspectives observes that the nature of provider-patient can reduce the quality of care? A) functionalist perspective B) interactionist perspective C) global perspective D) conflict perspective 13) The immigration to the U.S. of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries is referred to as A) medicalization. B) techno-flow. C) brain drain. D) golden opportunity. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Culture contributes to differences in medical care and even how health is defined. 22) Patients' judgments regarding their own state of health may be related to their gender, age, social class, race, and ethnicity. 23) Medicine serves as an agent of social control by retaining absolute jurisdiction over many health care procedures. 24) The irony of midwives is that they first brought professionalism to child delivery, yet today they are portrayed as invading the legitimate field of obstetrics. 25) Differentiate the functionalist, conflict, and interactionist views on the issue of health. Give examples to support your answer. 26) Explain social epidemiology.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 53 Social Epidemiology and Health Care in the United States 1) Social epidemiology is defined as the A) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B) total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C) study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D) total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which of the following statements regarding social epidemiology is true? A) Epidemiologists only concentrate on the scientific study of epidemics. B) Epidemiology is very narrow. C) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. D) Epidemiology is the study of the rate of mortality. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Morbidity rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. Answer: A Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

4) Mortality rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are comparatively powerless? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Social epidemiology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 6) In the United States, the fear of contracting AIDS has likely led to changes in sexual behavior among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: C Topic: Social epidemiology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

7) Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have A) lower mortality rates. B) higher rates of mortality and disability. C) lower rates of cancer and heart disease. D) both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease. Answer: B Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to A) satanic worship. B) euthanasia. C) holistic health care. D) traditional medicine. Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) Sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggested that racial tensions helped explain which of the following? A) breast cancer B) diabetes C) hypertension D) lung disease Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) Which of the following has been a barrier for research on women's health? A) Women do not want to be researched. B) Women have often been excluded from clinical studies. C) Medical research is difficult to do on women. D) Women are not compensated for their time in health research. Answer: B Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) According to Mexican American curanderismo, susto refers to A) fright sickness. B) fighting attack. C) mental illness. D) fake illness. Answer: A Topic: Health; Population; Culture Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive? A) Health care is poor due to cultural differences. B) Latinos receive more preventive care from primary physicians. C) Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms. D) It is a myth that Latinos' cultural beliefs affect their use of the health care system. Answer: C Topic: Health; Population; Culture Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

13) Which of the following perspectives points out that historically LGBT people and their families have encountered intolerance similar to that faced by racial and ethnic minorities? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective Answer: C Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 14) Which of the following statements regarding gender identity is true? A) Today, the number of studies dealing with wellness issues is vast. B) Many medical professionals and service providers have received training on gender identities. C) Same sex couples have always had access to their partners' health insurance benefits. D) Research in mental health illness is limited and should be addressed. Answer: D Topic: Population; Health care Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in the cost of health care in the United States? A) The system is highly efficient. B) Health care is profit-driven. C) The young population is consuming less health care that previously thought. D) Pharmaceutical companies are developing generic, low-cost prescription drugs. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

16) Which sociological perspective supports the notion that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge, skills, and values to the passive learner—the medical student? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 17) Which of the following perspectives suggests that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge to the passive learner? A) conflict perspective B) functionalist perspective C) global perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 18) Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A) traditional B) ayurveda C) holistic D) homeopathy Answer: C Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

19) If a nonmainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine, it's considered A) complementary. B) alternative. C) holistic. D) traditional. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 20) If a nonmainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine, it's considered A) traditional. B) holistic. C) complementary. D) alternative. Answer: C Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 21) Massages, respiratory experiences, and the use of herbs as remedies are considered A) traditional medicine practices. B) holistic medicine practices. C) useless medicine practices. D) leisure practices. Answer: B Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

22) Contemporary social epidemiology is narrow in scope. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Explain social epidemiology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Younger people are more likely to be hospitalized than elderly people, due to the lifestyles and risks they take more often. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) A large body of research indicates that compared with men, women experience a higher occurrence of many illnesses, although they tend to live longer. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Women have shorter life spans due to their lifestyle choices. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health; Population Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27) Patients are turning to the media for health care information. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Having a regular physician is becoming less and less common in the United States. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Massage therapy is an example of traditional medicine. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Medicare has a huge impact on the health care system. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) Discuss the significance of gender identify for health care. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social epidemiology Learning Objective: Describe how social class, race, ethnicity, gender, and age can affect the overall health of populations. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

32) How has health care in the United States evolved? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Describe the development and current system of health care in the United States. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33) Discuss holistic medicine and how it compares and contrasts with traditional Western medicine. Describe the future you envision for "alternative" medicine in the West. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Summarize alternatives to traditional health care and explain the role of government in health care. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 53 Social Epidemiology and Health Care in the United States 1) Social epidemiology is defined as the A) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. B) total number of communicable diseases that exist at a given time. C) study of the distribution of disease, impairment, and general health status across a population. D) total number of cases of infant deaths for a given population during a specific period of time. 2) Which of the following statements regarding social epidemiology is true? A) Epidemiologists only concentrate on the scientific study of epidemics. B) Epidemiology is very narrow. C) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. D) Epidemiology is the study of the rate of mortality. 3) Morbidity rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. 4) Mortality rates are the A) incidence of diseases in a given population. B) number of new cases of a specific disorder occurring within a given population during a stated period of time. C) incidence of death in a given population. D) total number of cases of a specific disorder that exist at a given time. 5) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that policymakers have been slow to respond to the AIDS crisis because those in high-risk groups, such as gay men and intravenous drug users, are comparatively powerless? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 6) In the United States, the fear of contracting AIDS has likely led to changes in sexual behavior among both homosexuals and heterosexuals. Which sociological perspective would focus on these changes in sexual relationships? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective

7) Research in the United States and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have A) lower mortality rates. B) higher rates of mortality and disability. C) lower rates of cancer and heart disease. D) both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease. 8) Mexican Americans may interpret their illnesses according to traditional practices and seek treatment in the form of curanderismo, which refers to A) satanic worship. B) euthanasia. C) holistic health care. D) traditional medicine. 9) Sociologist Howard Waitzkin suggested that racial tensions helped explain which of the following? A) breast cancer B) diabetes C) hypertension D) lung disease 10) Which of the following has been a barrier for research on women's health? A) Women do not want to be researched. B) Women have often been excluded from clinical studies. C) Medical research is difficult to do on women. D) Women are not compensated for their time in health research. 11) According to Mexican American curanderismo, susto refers to A) fright sickness. B) fighting attack. C) mental illness. D) fake illness. 12) Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos receive? A) Health care is poor due to cultural differences. B) Latinos receive more preventive care from primary physicians. C) Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and emergency rooms. D) It is a myth that Latinos' cultural beliefs affect their use of the health care system. 13) Which of the following perspectives points out that historically LGBT people and their families have encountered intolerance similar to that faced by racial and ethnic minorities? A) interactionist perspective B) global perspective C) conflict perspective D) functionalist perspective

14) Which of the following statements regarding gender identity is true? A) Today, the number of studies dealing with wellness issues is vast. B) Many medical professionals and service providers have received training on gender identities. C) Same sex couples have always had access to their partners' health insurance benefits. D) Research in mental health illness is limited and should be addressed. 15) Which of the following factors has contributed to the rise in the cost of health care in the United States? A) The system is highly efficient. B) Health care is profit-driven. C) The young population is consuming less health care that previously thought. D) Pharmaceutical companies are developing generic, low-cost prescription drugs. 16) Which sociological perspective supports the notion that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge, skills, and values to the passive learner—the medical student? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 17) Which of the following perspectives suggests that established physicians and medical school professors serve as mentors or role models who transmit knowledge to the passive learner? A) conflict perspective B) functionalist perspective C) global perspective D) feminist perspective 18) Which type of medicine refers to therapies in which the health care practitioner considers the person's physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual characteristics? A) traditional B) ayurveda C) holistic D) homeopathy 19) If a nonmainstream practice is used in place of conventional medicine, it's considered A) complementary. B) alternative. C) holistic. D) traditional. 20) If a nonmainstream practice is used together with conventional medicine, it's considered A) traditional. B) holistic. C) complementary. D) alternative. 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

21) Massages, respiratory experiences, and the use of herbs as remedies are considered A) traditional medicine practices. B) holistic medicine practices. C) useless medicine practices. D) leisure practices. 22) Contemporary social epidemiology is narrow in scope. 23) Epidemiologists draw on the work of a wide variety of scientists and researchers. 24) Younger people are more likely to be hospitalized than elderly people, due to the lifestyles and risks they take more often. 25) A large body of research indicates that compared with men, women experience a higher occurrence of many illnesses, although they tend to live longer. 26) Women have shorter life spans due to their lifestyle choices. 27) Patients are turning to the media for health care information. 28) Having a regular physician is becoming less and less common in the United States. 29) Massage therapy is an example of traditional medicine. 30) Medicare has a huge impact on the health care system. 31) Discuss the significance of gender identify for health care. 32) How has health care in the United States evolved? 33) Discuss holistic medicine and how it compares and contrasts with traditional Western medicine. Describe the future you envision for "alternative" medicine in the West.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 54 What Is Mental Illness? 1) Which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the U.S. since 1950? A) People have become much more likely to associate "violence" with "mental illness." B) The general public has become less sophisticated about mental illness. C) People have turned more often to holistic remedies for mental illnesses. D) The general public has become less open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems. Answer: A Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) The labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups are known as A) biases. B) slurs. C) stereotypes. D) stigmas. Answer: D Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Labeling theory suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. Answer: TRUE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) Those who suffer from mental disorders will always be the responsibility of their families. Answer: FALSE Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5) The medical model of mental illness suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. Answer: FALSE Topic: Mental illness Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) Identify and discuss the theoretical models of mental disorders. Which model do you believe is the most persuasive? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Health care Learning Objective: Define mental illness and summarize the medical model and sociological approaches to understanding and treating mental illness. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 54 What Is Mental Illness? 1) Which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the U.S. since 1950? A) People have become much more likely to associate "violence" with "mental illness." B) The general public has become less sophisticated about mental illness. C) People have turned more often to holistic remedies for mental illnesses. D) The general public has become less open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems. 2) The labels society uses to devalue members of certain social groups are known as A) biases. B) slurs. C) stereotypes. D) stigmas. 3) Labeling theory suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. 4) Those who suffer from mental disorders will always be the responsibility of their families. 5) The medical model of mental illness suggests that some behaviors that are viewed as mental illnesses may not really be illnesses. 6) Identify and discuss the theoretical models of mental disorders. Which model do you believe is the most persuasive?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 55 Population 1) The scientific study of population is known as A) geology. B) geography. C) demography. D) anthropology. Answer: C Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) The level of reproduction in a society is referred to as A) the birth rate. B) fertility. C) mortality. D) morbidity. Answer: B Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) Once a decade, the U.S. Constitution requires that all residents in the nation be counted. To that end, each household completes a survey with the number of individuals who live there. This enumeration is more commonly known as a A) poll. B) sampling. C) census. D) canvass. Answer: C Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) The measure that consists of the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year is known as the A) fertility rate. B) total fertility rate. C) growth rate. D) birthrate. Answer: D Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) Which of the following is a component of the pretransition stage of demographic transition? A) high birth rates and death rates with little population growth B) declining death rates, along with low to medium fertility, resulting in significant population growth C) low birth rates and death rates with little population growth D) high death rates, with low fertility Answer: A Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) The state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants is known as the A) zero population growth. B) growth rate. C) birth rate. D) mortality rate. Answer: A Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) The movement of 1.6 million African Americans from the rural South to northern cities between 1916 and 1930 is a historic American example of A) diaspora. B) immigration. C) emigration. D) migration. Answer: D Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 8) The term ________ refers to the relatively permanent movement of people, with the purpose of changing their place of residence, usually over a distance greater than from one side of a city to another. A) migration B) immigration C) emigration D) deindustrialization Answer: A Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 9) For Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, one appropriate way to control population was to postpone marriage. Answer: TRUE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) China's strict one-child policy actually produced a negative growth rate in some urban areas. Answer: TRUE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

11) Stable population growth is the state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants. Answer: FALSE Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) Generally, the residents of a country are legally free to move from one locality to another. A historic exception was in the Republic of South Africa during apartheid. Answer: TRUE Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) Describe a population pyramid and explain how it illustrates the population structure of a society. How can a population pyramid aid in forecasting population trends for the future? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Discuss fertility patterns in the United States. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) Explain why individuals or groups of people would migrate to another region of their homeland or even to another country, listing at least three motivating factors. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 55 Population 1) The scientific study of population is known as A) geology. B) geography. C) demography. D) anthropology. 2) The level of reproduction in a society is referred to as A) the birth rate. B) fertility. C) mortality. D) morbidity. 3) Once a decade, the U.S. Constitution requires that all residents in the nation be counted. To that end, each household completes a survey with the number of individuals who live there. This enumeration is more commonly known as a A) poll. B) sampling. C) census. D) canvass. 4) The measure that consists of the number of live births per 1,000 population in a given year is known as the A) fertility rate. B) total fertility rate. C) growth rate. D) birthrate. 5) Which of the following is a component of the pretransition stage of demographic transition? A) high birth rates and death rates with little population growth B) declining death rates, along with low to medium fertility, resulting in significant population growth C) low birth rates and death rates with little population growth D) high death rates, with low fertility 6) The state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants is known as the A) zero population growth. B) growth rate. C) birth rate. D) mortality rate.

7) The movement of 1.6 million African Americans from the rural South to northern cities between 1916 and 1930 is a historic American example of A) diaspora. B) immigration. C) emigration. D) migration. 8) The term ________ refers to the relatively permanent movement of people, with the purpose of changing their place of residence, usually over a distance greater than from one side of a city to another. A) migration B) immigration C) emigration D) deindustrialization 9) For Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, one appropriate way to control population was to postpone marriage. 10) China's strict one-child policy actually produced a negative growth rate in some urban areas. 11) Stable population growth is the state of a population in which the number of births plus immigrants equals the number of deaths plus emigrants. 12) Generally, the residents of a country are legally free to move from one locality to another. A historic exception was in the Republic of South Africa during apartheid. 13) Describe a population pyramid and explain how it illustrates the population structure of a society. How can a population pyramid aid in forecasting population trends for the future? 14) Discuss fertility patterns in the United States. 15) Explain why individuals or groups of people would migrate to another region of their homeland or even to another country, listing at least three motivating factors.

3) Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true-life event that revolved around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A) environmental racism B) environmental justice C) demographic transition D) demographic intransigence Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) What reason do skeptics of conflict-based explanations give for why 43 percent of the people who live within 1 mile of hazardous waste treatment facilities in the U.S. do so? A) Racial and ethnic minorities possess less power than others. B) Economics and discriminatory forces push them to live in these places. C) They like to live there due to the low housing prices. D) They choose to live in these ecological oases. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The Exxon Valdez incident in 1989 illustrates the nature of A) air pollution. B) water pollution. C) nuclear contamination. D) land pollution. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

6) Urban air pollution is causes primarily by emissions from A) electric power plants. B) automobiles. C) nuclear plants. D) heavy industries. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 7) As part of which international agreement did representatives of 195 nations meet outside Paris in late 2015 to discuss lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions? A) NAFTA B) IMF Relief Fund C) Kyoto Protocol D) Warsaw Pact Answer: C Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) The observable alteration of the global atmosphere that affects natural weather patterns over several decades or longer is referred to as A) climate change. B) global warming. C) environmental refugee. D) environmental justice. Answer: A Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

9) Which of the following perspectives sees the despoliation of the environment through the lens of world systems analysis? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 10) Which of the following sociological perspectives stresses efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint? A) functionalists B) feminists C) interactionists D) globalists Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 11) Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

12) In what way has the global economic downturn that began in 2008 been a blessing for environmentalists? A) It brought environmental issues to the forefront of the national consciousness. B) It had the side effect of reducing consumption and, as a result, energy use. C) It led close to 200 nations to forge the environmental agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol. D) It pushed large numbers of low-income people out of their homes near toxic waste sites. Answer: B Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 13) Human ecologists focus on how the physical environment shapes people's lives and on how people influence the surrounding environment. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Human ecology Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Ecological modernization can occur on both the macro and micro levels. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) Environmental justice is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze the environment using the human ecology, conflict, and environmental justice perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

16) One additional degree of warmth in the globe's average surface temperature can increase the likelihood of natural disasters. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) Feminists stress efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze environmental issues using functionalist, conflict, and interactionist perspectives. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Contributing to our environmental problems is the fact that we as consumers want inexpensive clothes and toys; yet we as citizens condemn developing countries for depending on coal-fired power plants. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) The ecofeminist movement focuses on the typically male-dominated decision-making processes that have endangered our environment and the need to empower women to make these decisions. Answer: TRUE Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

20) Viewed from a conflict perspective, the disproportionate exposure of the poor and minorities to environmental pollutants can act as a disincentive for others to take action. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives; Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of environmentalism on social policy. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Explain the criticisms of the human ecological and conflict models. What do they argue and what do they support? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Population Learning Objective: Explain the significance of major demographic trends in the world today. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) What role do you feel globalization plays in our current environmental problems? Discuss the positive and negative attributes globalization brings to the issue of pollution. Finally, construct a contemporary plan for addressing environmental pollution that includes economic, cultural, and ecological concerns. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Environmentalism Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Discuss the impact of economic stress on environmental issues. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Environmentalism; The environment Learning Objective: Describe the nature and extent of environmental problems, including how globalization and technology affect the environment. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 56 Sociological Perspectives on the Environment 1) Which area of study is concerned with the interrelationships between people and their physical environment? A) human relations approach B) human ecology C) activity theory D) humanism 2) A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards is referred to as A) environmental prejudice. B) treadmill production. C) principled injustice. D) environmental justice. 3) Erin Brockovich, a movie that features Julia Roberts, examines a true-life event that revolved around environmental pollution in a working-class community by a major utility corporation that was apparently unconcerned about the long-term effects of the pollution on community residents. This movie illustrates which sociological concept? A) environmental racism B) environmental justice C) demographic transition D) demographic intransigence 4) What reason do skeptics of conflict-based explanations give for why 43 percent of the people who live within 1 mile of hazardous waste treatment facilities in the U.S. do so? A) Racial and ethnic minorities possess less power than others. B) Economics and discriminatory forces push them to live in these places. C) They like to live there due to the low housing prices. D) They choose to live in these ecological oases. 5) The Exxon Valdez incident in 1989 illustrates the nature of A) air pollution. B) water pollution. C) nuclear contamination. D) land pollution. 6) Urban air pollution is causes primarily by emissions from A) electric power plants. B) automobiles. C) nuclear plants. D) heavy industries.

7) As part of which international agreement did representatives of 195 nations meet outside Paris in late 2015 to discuss lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions? A) NAFTA B) IMF Relief Fund C) Kyoto Protocol D) Warsaw Pact 8) The observable alteration of the global atmosphere that affects natural weather patterns over several decades or longer is referred to as A) climate change. B) global warming. C) environmental refugee. D) environmental justice. 9) Which of the following perspectives sees the despoliation of the environment through the lens of world systems analysis? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) global perspective 10) Which of the following sociological perspectives stresses efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint? A) functionalists B) feminists C) interactionists D) globalists 11) Which perspective would place a priority on the fact that many major environmental organizations accept funding from oil companies and chemical giants and as a result emphasize limited reform rather than profound structural change? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 12) In what way has the global economic downturn that began in 2008 been a blessing for environmentalists? A) It brought environmental issues to the forefront of the national consciousness. B) It had the side effect of reducing consumption and, as a result, energy use. C) It led close to 200 nations to forge the environmental agreement known as the Kyoto Protocol. D) It pushed large numbers of low-income people out of their homes near toxic waste sites. 13) Human ecologists focus on how the physical environment shapes people's lives and on how people influence the surrounding environment. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Ecological modernization can occur on both the macro and micro levels. 15) Environmental justice is a legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards. 16) One additional degree of warmth in the globe's average surface temperature can increase the likelihood of natural disasters. 17) Feminists stress efforts by informed individuals and groups to reduce their carbon footprint. 18) Contributing to our environmental problems is the fact that we as consumers want inexpensive clothes and toys; yet we as citizens condemn developing countries for depending on coal-fired power plants. 19) The ecofeminist movement focuses on the typically male-dominated decision-making processes that have endangered our environment and the need to empower women to make these decisions. 20) Viewed from a conflict perspective, the disproportionate exposure of the poor and minorities to environmental pollutants can act as a disincentive for others to take action. 21) Explain the criticisms of the human ecological and conflict models. What do they argue and what do they support? 22) What role do you feel globalization plays in our current environmental problems? Discuss the positive and negative attributes globalization brings to the issue of pollution. Finally, construct a contemporary plan for addressing environmental pollution that includes economic, cultural, and ecological concerns. 23) Discuss the impact of economic stress on environmental issues.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 57 Collective Behavior 1) Which of the following is a theory of collective behavior? A) world systems theory B) value-added perspective C) evolutionary theory D) relative deprivation Answer: B Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) According the emergent-norm perspective, the definition of which behaviors are appropriate comes from A) the leadership. B) general societal norms. C) pre-established rules and regulations. D) the crowd. Answer: D Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) According to sociologist Neil Smelser's value-added model, what actually triggers collective behavior? A) structural conduciveness B) mobilization for action C) a precipitating factor D) structural strain Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

13) Which of the following statements about rumors is accurate? A) Workplace rumors about what is or may be happening are usually highly accurate. B) Rumors are detrimental because they cause people to doubt a shared belief. C) Rumors make it difficult for people to cope with change. D) Rumors often reinforce people's faith in the mass media. Answer: A Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) What do you need in order to have public opinion? A) the public B) a decision maker C) both the public and a decision maker D) None of these answers is correct. Answer: C Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 15) The value-added model suggests that new forms of behavior may emerge during an episode of collective behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) A sociologist who is concerned with how and why people move from different points in space to a common location takes the emergent-norm perspective of collective behavior. Answer: FALSE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) Fads are temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people. Answer: TRUE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Publics are the most individualized and least organized form of collective behavior. Answer: TRUE Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) What are the sociological theories of collective behavior? How do these approaches to collective behavior help us understand relatively spontaneous and unstructured situations? Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Describe the various forms of collective behavior and give an example of each. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Identify the differences and similarities between fads and fashions and panics and crazes. Answer: Answer may vary. Topic: Collective behavior Learning Objective: Explain the various forms of collective behavior and summarize the sociological approaches to understanding it. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 57 Collective Behavior 1) Which of the following is a theory of collective behavior? A) world systems theory B) value-added perspective C) evolutionary theory D) relative deprivation 2) According the emergent-norm perspective, the definition of which behaviors are appropriate comes from A) the leadership. B) general societal norms. C) pre-established rules and regulations. D) the crowd. 3) According to sociologist Neil Smelser's value-added model, what actually triggers collective behavior? A) structural conduciveness B) mobilization for action C) a precipitating factor D) structural strain 4) What sociologist outlined six important determinants of collective behavior in his valuedadded model? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim 5) What perspective of collective behavior seeks to examine how people come together to undertake collective action? A) emergent-norm perspective B) value-added perspective C) assembling perspective D) evolutionary perspective 6) Which individual, likely the most prolific researcher of collective behavior in the last four decades, introduced the concept of the assembling process? A) Neil Smelser B) Ralph Turner C) Clark McPhail D) Émile Durkheim

14) What do you need in order to have public opinion? A) the public B) a decision maker C) both the public and a decision maker D) None of these answers is correct. 15) The value-added model suggests that new forms of behavior may emerge during an episode of collective behavior. 16) A sociologist who is concerned with how and why people move from different points in space to a common location takes the emergent-norm perspective of collective behavior. 17) Fads are temporary patterns of behavior involving large numbers of people. 18) Publics are the most individualized and least organized form of collective behavior. 19) What are the sociological theories of collective behavior? How do these approaches to collective behavior help us understand relatively spontaneous and unstructured situations? 20) Describe the various forms of collective behavior and give an example of each. 21) Identify the differences and similarities between fads and fashions and panics and crazes.

3) Which of the following illustrates relative deprivation? A) a group of sweatshop workers who are incapable of buying adequate food for their families B) residents of a squatter settlement in Nigeria who are incapable of affording adequate housing and plumbing C) middle-management workers in a corporation who are discontented because they cannot afford the luxury cars or expensive homes that their bosses have D) wealthy, upper-class individuals, who are content with what they have Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 4) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization Answer: D Topic: Social movements; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 5) False consciousness is A) Marx's concept for actions that do not reflect the objective position of workers. B) Parsons's concept for a state of euphoria when stability is achieved. C) Marx's term for attitudes that do not reflect the objective position of workers. D) Leary's term for a false sense of self that is drug-induced. Answer: C Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

6) The minimum wage cooks of a successful restaurant refuse to join the wait staff in a strike to improve wages. The cooks feel they are being paid well enough, even though the restaurant owner made $2 million in profit last year. This situation would exemplify which of Karl Marx's concepts? A) class consciousness B) false consciousness C) dialectical change D) proletariat Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 7) Which sociological perspective would likely stress how social movements should require leaders to sharpen the awareness of the oppressed, who may suffer from false consciousness? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: B Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 8) Which sociological perspective would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 3 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

9) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to study the bestowal of status that activists assume in their new social roles created through social movements? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 10) Which of the following is true regarding women, social movements, and our society? A) Women and men have held equal status within social movements. B) Women tend to hold more positions of leadership in social movements. C) Women tend to find it more difficult to assume a leadership role than men. D) Women typically do not wish to participate in most social movements. Answer: C Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Which sociological perspective would likely be interested in the labels attached to activists associated with social movements, such as a feminist student referred to as a "bra burner"? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: C Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

12) Organized collective activities that address values and social identities as well as improvements in quality of life are called A) social movements. B) new social movements. C) false consciousness. D) resource mobilization. Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 13) New social movements A) emphasize resource mobilization on a local level. B) generally do not view government as their ally. C) tend to emphasize economic issues. D) have their roots in social class, usually working-class, activism. Answer: B Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 14) Which sociological perspective would likely suggest that members of new social movements tend to mobilize as they reject statements made by established authority figures, including scientists and technical authorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective Answer: B Topic: Social movements; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

15) Electronic communication can aid new social movements A) by strengthening a group's solidarity. B) through conveyance of leadership. C) by reducing rumors. D) by mobilizing the masses. Answer: A Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16) Which of the following statements pertaining to computer-mediated communication is true? A) The term applies to a variety of text-based or video interactions. B) It weakens a group's solidarity. C) Face-to-face contact is still crucial to social movements. D) They impeded the growth of social movements. Answer: A Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 17) The success of a movement for change will depend in good part on what resources it has and how effectively it mobilizes them. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social movements; Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) Educated, middle-class people are underrepresented in some of these new social movements. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) The macro-level approach has proved useful in studying the women's movement in South Korea. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social movements Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Computer-mediated communication is difficult to monitor. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Compare and contrast the relative deprivation approach and the resource mobilization approach. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) Discuss new social movements. Provide one to two examples of what is considered a new social movement today. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Describe and summarize examples of new social movements. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) Discuss the impact of computer-mediated communication on social movements. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological theories; Social change Learning Objective: Analyze the impact of new communications technology on social movements. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 58 Social Movements 1) Which term is used by sociologists to refer to organized collective activities aimed at bringing about fundamental changes in existing society? A) social movements B) social groups C) power movements D) pressure groups 2) Which term refers to the conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization 3) Which of the following illustrates relative deprivation? A) a group of sweatshop workers who are incapable of buying adequate food for their families B) residents of a squatter settlement in Nigeria who are incapable of affording adequate housing and plumbing C) middle-management workers in a corporation who are discontented because they cannot afford the luxury cars or expensive homes that their bosses have D) wealthy, upper-class individuals, who are content with what they have 4) Which term is used to refer to the ways in which a social movement utilizes such resources as money, political influence, access to the media, and personnel? A) relative deprivation B) relative mobilization C) resource deprivation D) resource mobilization 5) False consciousness is A) Marx's concept for actions that do not reflect the objective position of workers. B) Parsons's concept for a state of euphoria when stability is achieved. C) Marx's term for attitudes that do not reflect the objective position of workers. D) Leary's term for a false sense of self that is drug-induced. 6) The minimum wage cooks of a successful restaurant refuse to join the wait staff in a strike to improve wages. The cooks feel they are being paid well enough, even though the restaurant owner made $2 million in profit last year. This situation would exemplify which of Karl Marx's concepts? A) class consciousness B) false consciousness C) dialectical change D) proletariat 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7) Which sociological perspective would likely stress how social movements should require leaders to sharpen the awareness of the oppressed, who may suffer from false consciousness? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 8) Which sociological perspective would most likely study the new social roles assumed by activists within a social movement? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 9) Which sociological perspective would be most likely to study the bestowal of status that activists assume in their new social roles created through social movements? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 10) Which of the following is true regarding women, social movements, and our society? A) Women and men have held equal status within social movements. B) Women tend to hold more positions of leadership in social movements. C) Women tend to find it more difficult to assume a leadership role than men. D) Women typically do not wish to participate in most social movements. 11) Which sociological perspective would likely be interested in the labels attached to activists associated with social movements, such as a feminist student referred to as a "bra burner"? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 12) Organized collective activities that address values and social identities as well as improvements in quality of life are called A) social movements. B) new social movements. C) false consciousness. D) resource mobilization. 13) New social movements A) emphasize resource mobilization on a local level. B) generally do not view government as their ally. C) tend to emphasize economic issues. D) have their roots in social class, usually working-class, activism. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Which sociological perspective would likely suggest that members of new social movements tend to mobilize as they reject statements made by established authority figures, including scientists and technical authorities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) epidemiological perspective 15) Electronic communication can aid new social movements A) by strengthening a group's solidarity. B) through conveyance of leadership. C) by reducing rumors. D) by mobilizing the masses. 16) Which of the following statements pertaining to computer-mediated communication is true? A) The term applies to a variety of text-based or video interactions. B) It weakens a group's solidarity. C) Face-to-face contact is still crucial to social movements. D) They impeded the growth of social movements. 17) The success of a movement for change will depend in good part on what resources it has and how effectively it mobilizes them. 18) Educated, middle-class people are underrepresented in some of these new social movements. 19) The macro-level approach has proved useful in studying the women's movement in South Korea. 20) Computer-mediated communication is difficult to monitor. 21) Compare and contrast the relative deprivation approach and the resource mobilization approach. 22) Discuss new social movements. Provide one to two examples of what is considered a new social movement today. 23) Discuss the impact of computer-mediated communication on social movements.

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 59 Social Change 1) Social change has been defined as A) a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B) a view of society as tending toward instability. C) significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture. D) society moving in several different directions at the same time. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 2) Which theory of social change holds that society is moving in a definite direction? A) multilinear evolutionary theory B) evolutionary theory C) biosocial change theory D) dichotomous change theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 3) Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A) mythology to scientific method. B) scientific method to mythology. C) religion to mythology. D) monarchy to democracy. Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A) simple to sophisticated. B) non-cultured to cultured. C) simple to complex. D) nonliterate to literate. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) The expectation that African and Latin countries will change by moving in the same direction as Western societies is consistent with A) disengagement theory. B) evolutionary theory. C) world systems theory. D) resource mobilization theory. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 6) Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A) anarchy. B) goal displacement. C) equilibrium. D) relative deprivation. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending toward a state of stability or balance is known as A) the emergent-norm perspective. B) resource mobilization theory. C) stagnancy theory. D) the equilibrium model. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 8) Which sociological perspective argues that when changes occur in one part of a society, there must be adjustments in other parts, and if these adjustments do not occur, the society's equilibrium may be threatened? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives

9) The role of women in the family has changed dramatically within the United States during the past 50 years. Women have furthered their education and developed careers. This change in the family has necessitated adaptive changes in school systems, corporations, churches, and other facets of society to provide childcare services. This situation reflects which view of social change? A) the emergent-norm perspective B) the equilibrium model C) stagnancy theory D) resource mobilization theory Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 10) Which concept does Talcott Parsons use to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization Answer: A Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Which term does Talcott Parsons use to characterize the feature of social change that involves social institutions becoming more specialized in their purposes? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 4 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

12) A person needing to have his or her car repaired can go to a muffler store, a transmission shop, a tire retailer, or a gas station for a tune-up. Talcott Parsons refers to this type of specialization as A) inclusion. B) exclusion. C) differentiation. D) adaptive upgrading. Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 13) The practice of colleges admitting more ethnic minorities and women, under Talcott Parsons's model, is called A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 14) In Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model, the incorporation of groups that were previously excluded because of their race, ethnicity, and social class is known as A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. Answer: C Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) Talcott Parsons contends that societies experience value ________, the development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities. A) differentiation B) adaptation C) inclusion D) generalization Answer: D Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 16) Which sociological perspective is likely to criticize the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dialectical perspective Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 17) The Marxist view of social change is appealing to some because it A) permits people to take a passive role in responding to inevitable cycles or changes in material culture. B) permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice. C) always leads to a reduction in social inequality. D) both permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice and always leads to a reduction in social inequality. Answer: B Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

18) Which of these statements about social change is true? A) Social change is always good. B) People who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as whole. C) Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change. D) Social change is not often frightening. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 19) A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights. This group would be an illustration of A) Gemeinschaft. B) technocrats. C) vested interests. D) bear liberals. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 20) If the U.S. Congress passed strict anti-cigarette laws that banned their sale anywhere in the country, it would create serious problems for cigarette manufacturers, retailers, tobacco growers, tobacco farm workers, truckers, and many other employees in the cigarette industry. Each of these groups would probably oppose this legislation because they are examples of A) culture lag. B) nonmaterial culture. C) luddite. D) vested interests. Answer: D Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

21) Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called A) vested interests. B) apartheids. C) luddites. D) technocrats. Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 22) Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique, and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture? A) William Ogburn B) Talcott Parsons C) Sherry Turkle D) Thorstein Veblen Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Sociologists 23) Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? A) cultural relativism B) culture lag C) culture shock D) cultural integration Answer: B Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition

24) Large families are no longer economically necessary, nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms, but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size. This illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) cultural relativity. D) culture lag. Answer: D Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 25) Which of the following is an example of material culture? A) technology B) ideas C) norms D) communications Answer: A Topic: Social change; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 26) Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture? A) inventions B) artifacts C) ideas D) technology Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept

27) Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) culture lag. D) cultural adaptation. Answer: C Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Concept 28) Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true? A) Some people were resistant to the technological and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. B) The Luddites were very successful in their efforts to sabotage the Industrial Revolution. C) There is no contemporary equivalent to the Luddites. D) Wages rose uniformly during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: A Topic: Social change; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 29) Which of these historical events or phenomena led to the emergence of the Luddites? A) the Industrial Revolution B) the computer revolution C) socialism D) the civil rights movement Answer: A Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

30) Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as A) Shakers. B) Luddites. C) Amish. D) Rappites. Answer: B Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 31) Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred A) during the Industrial Revolution. B) in postindustrial society. C) during the postmodern revolution. D) after the American revolution. Answer: B Topic: Social change; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 32) Neo-Luddites A) destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution, when they raided factories at night. B) have questioned the incessant expansion of industrialization. C) were early supporters of Marxism. D) both destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution and were supporters of Marxism. Answer: B Topic: Social change; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

33) Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life? A) Luddite B) Neo-Luddite C) Urban Amish D) Neo-Amish Answer: C Topic: Social change; Technology Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 34) Which term refers to cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires? A) invention B) society C) technology D) government Answer: C Topic: Technology; Resistance to social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Definition 35) The significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture is referred to as social change. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe social movements according to the relative deprivation and resource mobilization theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36) Websites are not autonomous and independent; they are interconnected. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

37) Social theorists seeking an analogy to Darwin's biological model originated evolutionary theory, which views society as moving in a definite direction. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38) Explaining social change is clearly a challenge in the diverse and complex world we inhabit today. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39) The transition from medicine man to physician, nurse, and pharmacist is an illustration of adaptive upgrading in the field of health. Answer: FALSE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40) Karl Marx suggested human society will move toward the final stage of a classless society through a socialist revolution. Answer: TRUE Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

41) The term vested interests refers to those people or groups who will profit in the event of social change. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42) Many sociologists believe that we are living in a postindustrial society. Answer: TRUE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 43) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 44) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. Answer: FALSE Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 45) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the functionalist view of social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

46) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the conflict view of social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Sociological perspectives; Sociological theories Learning Objective: Analyze social change according to the evolutionary; functionalist; and conflict theories. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 47) Apply the term vested interests to contemporary society. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 48) Discuss the various factors that influence resistance to social change and give examples to support your answer. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 49) Discuss the complex issue of "NIMBY." How do we balance the desires of individuals with the needs of our larger society? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Social change Learning Objective: Describe the factors that create resistance to social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 59 Social Change 1) Social change has been defined as A) a theory that holds that society is moving in a specific direction. B) a view of society as tending toward instability. C) significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture. D) society moving in several different directions at the same time. 2) Which theory of social change holds that society is moving in a definite direction? A) multilinear evolutionary theory B) evolutionary theory C) biosocial change theory D) dichotomous change theory 3) Auguste Comte saw societies as moving forward in their thinking from A) mythology to scientific method. B) scientific method to mythology. C) religion to mythology. D) monarchy to democracy. 4) Émile Durkheim contended that societies progressed from A) simple to sophisticated. B) non-cultured to cultured. C) simple to complex. D) nonliterate to literate. 5) The expectation that African and Latin countries will change by moving in the same direction as Western societies is consistent with A) disengagement theory. B) evolutionary theory. C) world systems theory. D) resource mobilization theory. 6) Talcott Parsons viewed society as naturally being in a state of A) anarchy. B) goal displacement. C) equilibrium. D) relative deprivation. 7) Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending toward a state of stability or balance is known as A) the emergent-norm perspective. B) resource mobilization theory. C) stagnancy theory. D) the equilibrium model. 1 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which sociological perspective argues that when changes occur in one part of a society, there must be adjustments in other parts, and if these adjustments do not occur, the society's equilibrium may be threatened? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) feminist perspective 9) The role of women in the family has changed dramatically within the United States during the past 50 years. Women have furthered their education and developed careers. This change in the family has necessitated adaptive changes in school systems, corporations, churches, and other facets of society to provide childcare services. This situation reflects which view of social change? A) the emergent-norm perspective B) the equilibrium model C) stagnancy theory D) resource mobilization theory 10) Which concept does Talcott Parsons use to indicate the increasing complexity of social organization? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization 11) Which term does Talcott Parsons use to characterize the feature of social change that involves social institutions becoming more specialized in their purposes? A) differentiation B) adaptive upgrading C) inclusion D) value generalization 12) A person needing to have his or her car repaired can go to a muffler store, a transmission shop, a tire retailer, or a gas station for a tune-up. Talcott Parsons refers to this type of specialization as A) inclusion. B) exclusion. C) differentiation. D) adaptive upgrading. 13) The practice of colleges admitting more ethnic minorities and women, under Talcott Parsons's model, is called A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) In Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model, the incorporation of groups that were previously excluded because of their race, ethnicity, and social class is known as A) differentiation. B) adaptation. C) inclusion. D) generalization. 15) Talcott Parsons contends that societies experience value ________, the development of new values that tolerate and legitimate a greater range of activities. A) differentiation B) adaptation C) inclusion D) generalization 16) Which sociological perspective is likely to criticize the functionalist approach to social change for disregarding the crucial significance of change that is needed to correct social injustices and inequalities? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dialectical perspective 17) The Marxist view of social change is appealing to some because it A) permits people to take a passive role in responding to inevitable cycles or changes in material culture. B) permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice. C) always leads to a reduction in social inequality. D) both permits people to seize control of the historical process and gain their freedom from injustice and always leads to a reduction in social inequality. 18) Which of these statements about social change is true? A) Social change is always good. B) People who resist social change are doing so for the good of society as whole. C) Some people have a vested interest in resisting social change. D) Social change is not often frightening. 19) A group of senators from states that are large suppliers to the space program protest the decision by the federal government to end manned space flights. This group would be an illustration of A) Gemeinschaft. B) technocrats. C) vested interests. D) bear liberals.

20) If the U.S. Congress passed strict anti-cigarette laws that banned their sale anywhere in the country, it would create serious problems for cigarette manufacturers, retailers, tobacco growers, tobacco farm workers, truckers, and many other employees in the cigarette industry. Each of these groups would probably oppose this legislation because they are examples of A) culture lag. B) nonmaterial culture. C) luddite. D) vested interests. 21) Those people or groups who will suffer in the event of social change and who have a stake in maintaining the status quo are called A) vested interests. B) apartheids. C) luddites. D) technocrats. 22) Which sociologist pointed out that one cannot devise methods for controlling and utilizing new technology before the introduction of a technique, and that nonmaterial culture typically must respond to changes in material culture? A) William Ogburn B) Talcott Parsons C) Sherry Turkle D) Thorstein Veblen 23) Which term refers to the period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions? A) cultural relativism B) culture lag C) culture shock D) cultural integration 24) Large families are no longer economically necessary, nor are they commonly endorsed by social norms, but certain religious faiths continue to extol large families and disapprove of using contraception to limit family size. This illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) cultural relativity. D) culture lag. 25) Which of the following is an example of material culture? A) technology B) ideas C) norms D) communications

26) Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture? A) inventions B) artifacts C) ideas D) technology 27) Various religious groups and their followers are very upset about scientific advances in reproductive technology, such as birth control pills, abortion pills, in-vitro fertilization, and genetic engineering. This conflict between religious values and new scientific concepts illustrates A) material culture. B) nonmaterial culture. C) culture lag. D) cultural adaptation. 28) Which statement about the Industrial Revolution is true? A) Some people were resistant to the technological and social changes associated with the Industrial Revolution. B) The Luddites were very successful in their efforts to sabotage the Industrial Revolution. C) There is no contemporary equivalent to the Luddites. D) Wages rose uniformly during the Industrial Revolution. 29) Which of these historical events or phenomena led to the emergence of the Luddites? A) the Industrial Revolution B) the computer revolution C) socialism D) the civil rights movement 30) Rebellious craft workers in nineteenth-century England who destroyed new factory machinery as part of their resistance to the new Industrial Revolution were known as A) Shakers. B) Luddites. C) Amish. D) Rappites. 31) Neo-Luddites are opposed to the technological changes that occurred A) during the Industrial Revolution. B) in postindustrial society. C) during the postmodern revolution. D) after the American revolution. 32) Neo-Luddites A) destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution, when they raided factories at night. B) have questioned the incessant expansion of industrialization. C) were early supporters of Marxism. D) both destroyed some of the machinery used in the early Industrial Revolution and were supporters of Marxism. 5 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

33) Which slang term is used to identify those who resist technological devices that have become part of our daily life? A) Luddite B) Neo-Luddite C) Urban Amish D) Neo-Amish 34) Which term refers to cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires? A) invention B) society C) technology D) government 35) The significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture is referred to as social change. 36) Websites are not autonomous and independent; they are interconnected. 37) Social theorists seeking an analogy to Darwin's biological model originated evolutionary theory, which views society as moving in a definite direction. 38) Explaining social change is clearly a challenge in the diverse and complex world we inhabit today. 39) The transition from medicine man to physician, nurse, and pharmacist is an illustration of adaptive upgrading in the field of health. 40) Karl Marx suggested human society will move toward the final stage of a classless society through a socialist revolution. 41) The term vested interests refers to those people or groups who will profit in the event of social change. 42) Many sociologists believe that we are living in a postindustrial society. 43) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. 44) The Luddites were factory owners that made huge profits in England during the Industrial Revolution. 45) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the functionalist view of social change. 46) Discuss the various theoretical concepts associated with the conflict view of social change. 6 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

47) Apply the term vested interests to contemporary society. 48) Discuss the various factors that influence resistance to social change and give examples to support your answer. 49) Discuss the complex issue of "NIMBY." How do we balance the desires of individuals with the needs of our larger society?

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 60 Global Social Change 1) Maureen Hallinan, former president of the American Sociological Association, has been critical of the ________ of social change. A) evolutionary theory B) equilibrium model C) chaos theory D) evolutionary theory and equilibrium model Answer: D Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 2) One key feature of current consumer technologies is that they A) are increasingly manufactured in Canada. B) last a lot longer. C) require more frequent upgrading. D) are less accessible to the middle class. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 3) The diffusion of digital technologies into nearly every workplace, remaking the economy and the world of work is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. Answer: D Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

4) The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. Answer: C Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 5) Consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis, peripheral nations connecting to the Internet are required to depend on industrial giants such as North America and Europe to provide A) cellular connections. B) Internet hosts. C) masters. D) biomechanics. Answer: B Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 6) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, passed in 1986, requires the authorization of both the U.S. attorney general and a federal judge before surveillance of A) email. B) faxes. C) telephone calls. D) telegrams. Answer: C Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

7) The Patriot Act allows federal officials more latitude in A) gathering electronic data, like banking records. B) photographing suspects. C) monitoring the voting patterns of criminal suspects. D) videotaping suspects who are being interrogated. Answer: A Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 8) Which sociological perspective would suggest that the Internet serves the manifest function of facilitating communication? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective Answer: A Topic: Technology; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Apply Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Application-Perspectives 9) Which sociological perspective suggests that censorship is an ever-present danger that society's most powerful groups will use to invade the privacy of the less powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective Answer: B Topic: Privacy; Sociological perspectives Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information

10) A new technology meant to increase food production and to make agriculture more economical is called A) genetically modified food. B) cloned food. C) techno produce. D) biotech dietary supplements. Answer: A Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 11) Genetically modified food is referred to as ________ by its critics. A) Frankenfood B) Frankenstein's crops C) techno-friendly food D) Frankoglop Answer: A Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Information 12) Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with their societies of settlement are known as A) transnationals. B) transglobals. C) international citizens. D) global citizens. Answer: A Topic: Transnationals Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy

13) Which sociological perspective views transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) world systems theory Answer: A Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 14) Which sociological perspective views transnational migration as having increased the economic gulf between developed and developing nations? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) modernization theory Answer: B Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Question Category: Social Policy 15) The treatment of immigrant laborers in Dubai is a significant social problem. Answer: TRUE Topic: Immigration; Social change Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) Dubai is considered a democratic utopia. Answer: FALSE Topic: Immigration; Social change Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

17) Core nations like the United States and Europe have a virtual monopoly on information technology. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) The affluent have a greater chance of using the Internet than those who are not affluent. Answer: TRUE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) Most of the Internet users in the world live in Latin America. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) Young people who have grown up browsing the Internet seem to accept the existence of "cookies" and "spyware" they may pick up while surfing. Answer: TRUE Topic: Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) Interactionists take a generally positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest function of facilitating communication. Answer: FALSE Topic: Technology; Privacy Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

22) Genetically modified food is referred to as Frankenfood by critics of technologically engineered food products. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) One notable success of biotechnology has been progress in the treatment of traumatic injuries. Answer: TRUE Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) Functionalists see the free flow of immigrants, even when it is legally restricted, as one way for economies to maximize their use of human labor. Answer: TRUE Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) Transnationals do not participate in social movements. Answer: FALSE Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Remember Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Discuss social change in Dubai. Could the social problems have been anticipated? Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Globalization Learning Objective: Explain the global nature of social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) Describe the influence technology has on social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Understand Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28) Explain artificial intelligence and the impact that it could have on social change. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Describe the impact of increased use of the Internet on social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29) Discuss the concerns surrounding one's right to privacy on the Internet. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Technology; Social change Learning Objective: Summarize the concerns about privacy and censorship brought about by increased use of the Internet and technology. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30) Discuss the pros and cons of genetically modified foods and whether you feel we can ever "cross the line" regarding genetic manipulation and our food supply. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Biotechnology Learning Objective: Describe the impact of recent developments in biotechnology on social change. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31) Discuss the issues involved with transnationals. Explain the different sociological perspectives on the matter. Also, explain whether you would become a transnational if you were in the same position. Answer: Answers will vary. Topic: Transnationals; Immigration Learning Objective: Compare traditional immigration with transnational and modern immigration. Bloom's: Analyze Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Sociology in Modules, 5e (Schaefer) Module 60 Global Social Change 1) Maureen Hallinan, former president of the American Sociological Association, has been critical of the ________ of social change. A) evolutionary theory B) equilibrium model C) chaos theory D) evolutionary theory and equilibrium model 2) One key feature of current consumer technologies is that they A) are increasingly manufactured in Canada. B) last a lot longer. C) require more frequent upgrading. D) are less accessible to the middle class. 3) The diffusion of digital technologies into nearly every workplace, remaking the economy and the world of work is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. 4) The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society is referred to as A) cellular connections. B) biomechanics. C) diffusion. D) digitalization. 5) Consistent with Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis, peripheral nations connecting to the Internet are required to depend on industrial giants such as North America and Europe to provide A) cellular connections. B) Internet hosts. C) masters. D) biomechanics. 6) The Electronic Communications Privacy Act, passed in 1986, requires the authorization of both the U.S. attorney general and a federal judge before surveillance of A) email. B) faxes. C) telephone calls. D) telegrams.

7) The Patriot Act allows federal officials more latitude in A) gathering electronic data, like banking records. B) photographing suspects. C) monitoring the voting patterns of criminal suspects. D) videotaping suspects who are being interrogated. 8) Which sociological perspective would suggest that the Internet serves the manifest function of facilitating communication? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective 9) Which sociological perspective suggests that censorship is an ever-present danger that society's most powerful groups will use to invade the privacy of the less powerful? A) functionalist perspective B) conflict perspective C) interactionist perspective D) dramaturgical perspective 10) A new technology meant to increase food production and to make agriculture more economical is called A) genetically modified food. B) cloned food. C) techno produce. D) biotech dietary supplements. 11) Genetically modified food is referred to as ________ by its critics. A) Frankenfood B) Frankenstein's crops C) techno-friendly food D) Frankoglop 12) Immigrants who sustain multiple social relationships that link their societies of origin with their societies of settlement are known as A) transnationals. B) transglobals. C) international citizens. D) global citizens. 13) Which sociological perspective views transnationals as a way for economies to maximize their use of human labor? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) world systems theory 2 Copyright © 2020 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written onsent of McGraw-Hill Education.

14) Which sociological perspective views transnational migration as having increased the economic gulf between developed and developing nations? A) functionalism B) conflict theory C) interactionism D) modernization theory 15) The treatment of immigrant laborers in Dubai is a significant social problem. 16) Dubai is considered a democratic utopia. 17) Core nations like the United States and Europe have a virtual monopoly on information technology. 18) The affluent have a greater chance of using the Internet than those who are not affluent. 19) Most of the Internet users in the world live in Latin America. 20) Young people who have grown up browsing the Internet seem to accept the existence of "cookies" and "spyware" they may pick up while surfing. 21) Interactionists take a generally positive view of the Internet, pointing to its manifest function of facilitating communication. 22) Genetically modified food is referred to as Frankenfood by critics of technologically engineered food products. 23) One notable success of biotechnology has been progress in the treatment of traumatic injuries. 24) Functionalists see the free flow of immigrants, even when it is legally restricted, as one way for economies to maximize their use of human labor. 25) Transnationals do not participate in social movements. 26) Discuss social change in Dubai. Could the social problems have been anticipated? 27) Describe the influence technology has on social change. 28) Explain artificial intelligence and the impact that it could have on social change. 29) Discuss the concerns surrounding one's right to privacy on the Internet. 30) Discuss the pros and cons of genetically modified foods and whether you feel we can ever "cross the line" regarding genetic manipulation and our food supply.

31) Discuss the issues involved with transnationals. Explain the different sociological perspectives on the matter. Also, explain whether you would become a transnational if you were in the same position.