TEST BANK for U.S. Foreign Policy; Back to the Water's Edge 5th Edition Snow Donald and Haney Patric

Chapter 1 1. The phrase "we must The phrase “we must set aside partisan politics at thewater’s edge” relates to a. the idea that the U.S. must unite on domesticpolitical issues. b. the World War II battle against fascism. c. the current state of American politics. *d. the politics of the start of the Cold War Era. 2. Examples of politica Examples of political and highly partisan foreign policy events before World War II mentioned as “exceptional” for the level of engagement include all of the following EXCEPT a. the War of 1812. *b. the Barbary Pirate Wars. c. the purchase of Alaska from Russia. d. the decision to build the Panama Canal.

3. The point that marke The point that marked the time when the territorial statebecame the absolute expression of sovereignty in the international system was a. the fall of Rome. b. Christopher Columbus’s discovery of the “New World” in 1492. *c. the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. d. the Great Enlightenment.

4. Throughout U.S. hist Throughout U.S. history, the initiating party for foreignpolicy negotiations has been a. the judiciary. b. the legislative. *c. the executive. d. business interests.

5. Intermestic refers t Intermestic refers to the a. historical belief that the U.S. act as a mediatorbetween other states. b. idea that foreign policy politics is done by policyexperts acting as an intermediary between the legislative and executive branches. c. concentration on multilateral over unilateralforeign policy. *d. notion that divisions between foreign and domesticpolicymaking are no longer clear.

6. A "failed state" A “failed state” a. normally is seen as a relic from the Cold War Era. b. is so chaotic and violent that even non-stateactors avoid them. c. is not a foreign policy problem for the UnitedStates. *d. virtually invites a violent non-state actor toenter the country.

7. Modern wars can best Modern wars can best be described as *a. unconventional and not fought in the traditionalrules of engagement. b. virtually non-existent as a result of the end ofthe Cold War. c. largely unchanged since the World War II Era. d. extremely rare compared to past eras.

8. One of the most sign One of the most significant impacts of the globalinformation age is that a. the flood of information makes it much easier toconduct diplomacy on the world stage. b. it makes it much easier to reach comprehensiveagreements. *c. it encourages non-experts and lay persons tointerpret complicated world events.

d. it provides enough information to match the numberof analysts.

9. The "National Securi The “National Security State” evolved in response to a. the 9/11 attacks and associated Global War onTerrorism. *b. the beginning of the Cold War with the USSR. c. the end of World War I and League of Nations. d. the Spanish-American War and movement towards amore global vision.

10. Which of the following Which of the following cultural variables DOES NOT impactthe American experience as it pertains to the context of foreign policy a. The geographic location of the United States. b. The Anglo-Saxon heritage of the United States. *c. The long history of a large standing army in theUnited States. d. The fact that the United States has been blessedwith significant natural resources.

11. One who believes the One who believes the government can be a positive agent ofchange would likely best be described as a *a. liberal. b. pragmatist. c. reactionary. d. conservative.

12. A U.S. politician wh A U.S. politician who would determine whether government should be active or passive with regards to involvement inspecific issues on a case by case basis typically would be considered a. conservative. b. liberal. c. reactionary.

*d. pragmatic.

13. In issues of foreign In issues of foreign policy and national security,conservatives generally support a. limited government intrusion in the lives ofindividuals. *b. a restrictive role of government and greaterauthority for the private sector. c. drastic and violent means to ensure the governmentaddress domestic enemies. d. an emphasis on individual rights above all else.

14. The Realist worldvie The Realist worldview is one that *a. defines world politics as a geopolitical strugglebetween sovereign states in an international system characterized by anarchy. b. focuses on the presence of complex transnational connections which lead to increased cooperation amongstates. c. believes change is possible and can improve thehuman condition. d. argues that underdeveloped countries are poor because of colonial domination over economies thatdate back hundreds of years.

15. The Idealist in inte The Idealist in international politics would most likely a. focus on the presence of complex transnational connections which lead to increased cooperation amongstates. *b. believe change is possible and can improve thehuman condition. c. argue that underdeveloped countries are poor because of colonial domination over economies thatdate back hundreds of years. d. reject the notion of anarchy as a permanent characteristic of the international system and attemptto change the system itself.

16. Which American polit Which American political orientation accepts as a basictenant the idea that the views of others should be tolerated? *a. Liberalism. b. Realism. c. Idealism. d. Conservatism.

17. Which conservative p Which conservative politician do the authors cite asarguing that the private sector always makes better decisions than the public sector? a. Dwight D. Eisenhower. b. Calvin Coolidge. *c. Ronald Reagan. d. Gerald Ford.

18. Which best character Which best characterizes unilateralism and multilateralismin foreign policy implementation? a. Multilateralists will only pursue solutions thathave broad international support. b. Unilateralists pursue solutions without regard tointernational support. c. A and B are both correct. *d. A and B are both incorrect.

20. Which political grou Which political group considers themselves non-ideological and moderate while advocating for compromise between rightand left in defense policy? *a. Pragmatists b. Conservatives c. Idealists d. Internationalists

21. Intermestic politics Intermestic politics refers to the interplay of domesticand international politics in foreign policy. *a. True b. False 22. A realist believes i A realist believes individual states can eventually changethe international system to one NOT based on anarchy. a. True *b. False 23. American politics in American politics in recent years have been fractious anddysfunctional *a. True b. False 24. Increasingly, foreig Increasingly, foreign policy operates domestically and lessat an intermestic level. a. True *b. False 26. Americans today are Americans today are less aware of foreign affairs than thepreceding generation. a. True *b. False 27. The "bedrock princip The “bedrock principle” of international affairs is of international law. a. True *b. False

28. In the international In the international realm, sovereignty rests with thestate. *a. True b. False 29. Diplomacy can best b Diplomacy can best be defined as an informal set ofagreements in the international system. a. True *b. False 30. Somalia serves as an Somalia serves as an example of a modern “failed-state.” *a. True b. False 31. The dominant form of The dominant form of warfare in modern wars is still thetraditional European-based international system. a. True *b. False 32. An idealist believes An idealist believes that change is possible and canimprove the human condition. *a. True b. False 33. Multilateralists mus Multilateralists must have international support beforeimplementing a foreign policy decision. a. True *b. False

34. Explain how the evol Explain how the evolving sense of partisanship and gridlockimpact foreign policy creation.

35. What is meant by for What is meant by foreign policy as a policy at the "water'sedge"? Is that an accurate description?

36. To what degree has t To what degree has the advent of the national securitystate altered the process of foreign policy creation?

37. Evaluate and summari Evaluate and summarize the notions of realism and idealism.Which view best fits contemporary national security?

38. Compare and contrast Compare and contrast conservativism and pragmatism asapproached in national security policy.

Chapter 2 1. Which of the followi Which of the following does NOT explain why the United States remained isolationist in the years before World WarII? *a. Other more powerful European states dictatedinternational politics. b. The need to develop a domestic economy by usingforeign investment in the United States. c. National debate concerning the democratic nature ofthe United States. d. The need to concentrate on developing the NorthAmerican continent.

2. What best describes What best describes the original concept behind the UnitedNations? a. Permanent members of the Security Council would useUN troops in order to enforce peace globally. *b. Permanent members of the Security Council wouldenforce world peace by maintaining a monopoly of military forces. c. Members of the UN General Assembly would voluntarily offer peacekeeping troops whose use wouldbe decided by the five permanent members of the Security Council. d. The Security Council would make recommendations toother member states that would have the force of law.

3. The idea that all po The idea that all powerful members of the internationalsystem agree to enforce the peace is called? a. Balance of Power. b. Realism. c. Realpolitik. *d. Collective Security.

4. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following did NOT contribute to reinforcing

the divisions between the US and USSR immediately afterWorld War II? a. The creation of NATO. *b. USSR’s insistence that China also be a member of the UN Security Council. c. North Korea’s 1950 invasion of South Korea. d. Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech.

5. According to the aut According to the authors of the text, which event had themost transformative impact on the Cold War? a. The 1948 creation of Israel. b. The USSR’s attempt to create a communist governmentin Azerbaijan. c. The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba. *d. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.

6. The individual most The individual most responsible for the containmentstrategy was a. Josef Stalin. b. Harry Truman. c. George Marshall. *d. George Kennan.

7. By the end of the 19 By the end of the 1990s, all of the following remained ascommunist states EXCEPT a. China b. Vietnam c. North Korea *d. Yugoslavia 8. The arms control neg The arms control negotiations between the US and USSR thatbegan in 1962 were the result of a. the Soviet belief that they were well behind the USin the nuclear arms race.

*b. the fear that no one state could win in the eventof a nuclear war. c. the US desire to never have Soviet missiles as close to the mainland as they were when deployed inCuba. d. the proliferation of nuclear arms globally.

9. Which of the followi 3 Which of the following is NOT one of the keycharacteristics of the Cold War? a. It was conceptualized as a protracted conflict. b. It was the dominant political and military realityof the international environment. c. Any end to the Cold War was deemed unacceptable. *d. Many believed the Cold War served as a rationalefor economic colonialism.

10. Which statement best Which statement best describes the original argument ofcontainment? a. The U.S. should use any and all diplomatic means toassure peace with the USSR. b. Soviet threats of nuclear war would be “contained” by the US threat of mutually assured destruction. *c. The US should draw a line in Europe in 1947 andprevent any communist expansion beyond that point. d. The US should remain vigilant and prevent anycommunist expansion in the world.

11. The Cold War system The Cold War system was one that was a. unipolar *b. bi-polar c. multi-polar d. balanced 12. The Cold War can bes The Cold War can best be viewed as what type ofconfrontation?

a. Political b. Economic c. Military *d. All of the above 13. The authors maintain The authors maintain the ways to look at the Cold Warincluded all of the following EXCEPT a. a peaceful resolution with one side capitulating. b. a situation in which the war could turn "hot." c. a perpetual state of being. *d. a mutual agreement by both sides 14. Which of the followi 4 Which of the following is not a time when the United Stateshad a forced conscription? a. American Civil War b. World War I c. World War II *d. Spanish American War 15. The Cold War came to The Cold War came to an official end in what year? a. 1989 b. 1990 *c. 1991 d. 1992 16. Which of the followi 5 Which of the following is not a site of post-Cold Warintervention by the United States? *a. Rwanda b. Somalia c. Haiti d. Kosovo 17. Strategic uncertaint Strategic uncertainty best describes

a. the fear of possible nuclear war during the ColdWar. *b. an environment with no concrete opponent. c. the list of threats before the Cold War. d. confusion over China's aspirations globally.

18. Which of the followi 6 Which of the following was NOT considered an attacklaunched by al-Qaeda? *a. The 1995 attack on the Murrah Federal Building inOklahoma City. b. The 1993 attempt on the World Trade Center. c. The bombing of the U.S. embassy in Tanzania. d. The attack on the USS Cole in Yemen.

19. Terrorism is conside Terrorism is considered a. relatively new, historically. *b. a historical reality since Biblical times. c. a method rarely used for religious purposes. d. to have first targeted the U.S. homeland with theattacks of September 11, 2001.

20. American politicians American politicians and public see the terrorist threatfrom ISIS and others a. as an existential threat to U.S. survival. *b. in different ways causing disagreement in policy. c. as a criminal offense that should be dealt with bylaw enforcement d. as a "clash of civilizations" with the Islamicworld.

21. The United States wa The United States was actually quite involved ininternational affairs from the beginning. a. True *b. False

22. The United States an The United States and its position in the world wereactually strengthened by World War II. *a. True b. False 23. The United Nations w The United Nations was introduced to compete with theLeague of Nations. a. True *b. False 24. George Kennan argued George Kennan argued that the Soviet Union was fragile andwould likely collapse on its own. a. True *b. False 25. New York Senator Dan New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan predicted the U.S.would eventually collapse at the hands of the Soviet Union. a. True *b. False 26. Americans shared a c Americans shared a common perception of the overarchingthreat from the Soviet Union. *a. True b. False 27. When the Korean War When the Korean War broke out, the United States was caughtunprepared militarily. *a. True b. False

28. The strategy of cont The strategy of containment created many internationalcommitments for the United States. *a. True b. False 29. The authors argue th The authors argue that terrorism is an existential threatto the United States. a. True *b. False 30. The authors argue th 2 The authors argue that the U.S. is increasingly relying onoil from the Middle East. a. True *b. False 31. Discuss the differen Discuss the different power relationships found in unipolarversus bipolar systems. Which one do you believe is most stable? Why? 32. Analyze how the Cuba Analyze how the Cuban Missile Crisis marked a departure in the Cold War relationship between the United States and theSoviet Union.

33. Evaluate whether the Evaluate whether the end of the Cold War has made the worldMORE or LESS dangerous.

34. What is meant by the What is meant by the phrase "peace dividend"? Will a "peacedividend" ever be possible again? Why or why not?

35. Describe asymmetric Describe asymmetric warfare. What type of threat does itpose to the U.S.?

Chapter 3 1. Foreign policy analy Foreign policy analysts distinguish their study frominternational relations by *a. attempting to explain foreign policy behavior. b. assuming rationality in foreign policy behavior. c. separating the policy process from its product. d. focusing research efforts on the end result, orproduct, in foreign policy.

2. A set of images abou A set of images about politics and the world is defined asa(n) a. historical analogy. *b. political belief system. c. operational code. d. cognitive system.

3. As Dwight Eisenhower As Dwight Eisenhower’s Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles responded to positive behavior by the Soviet Unionby a. reexamining his own view of the Soviets. b. rewarding the positive behavior in order toencourage more. *c. rejecting such information. d. responding with corresponding positive behavior bythe United States.

4. Which of the followi Which of the following is an example of a cognitiveshortcut used by policymakers? a. Operational code b. Cognitive consistency c. Bolstering *d. Historical analogy

5. When a subject filte When a subject filters out information not aligned with their perception of reality they are said to be practicing a. hypervigilance. b. bolstering. *c. cognitive consistency. d. post-decisional rationalization.

6. President Eisenhower President Eisenhower’s warning to “not make our decisionsin a hurry” was a reminder of errors in decision-making associated with a. bolstering. b. hypervigilance. *c. historical analogies. d. premature cognitive closure.

7. A leader who wants t A leader who wants to make a “good” decision may suffer from *a. hypervigilance. b. cognitive closure. c. bolstering. d. post-decisional rationalization.

8. Irving Janis labeled Irving Janis labeled which policy an example of the dangers of groupthink and the “perfect fiasco?” a. The Cuban Missile Crisis b. The Cienfuegos, Cuba crisis *c. The Bay of Pigs invasion d. The U2 spy plane incident 9. When a president is When a president is placed at the top of a hierarchicallyorganized group in which jurisdictions are clearly articulated the management style is called the a. competitive model. b. collegial model.

c. delegative model. *d. formalistic model.

10. When a president is 2 When a president is placed at the top of a hierarchically organized group in which jurisdictions overlap, debate, andshare responsibilities the management style is called the *a. competitive model. b. collegial model. c. delegative model. d. formalistic model.

11. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following is NOT one of the bureaucratic models advanced by Graham Allison in order to explain the impact of organizations of foreign policy decisionmaking? a. Rational model *b. Conceptual model c. Organizational Process model d. Bureaucratic Politics model 12. The statement that f The statement that foreign policy is nothing more thanoutputs of large organizations operating according to standard patterns of behavior fits which of Graham Allison’s bureaucratic models? a. Rational model b. Conceptual model *c. Organizational Process model d. Bureaucratic Politics model 13. When government beha When government behavior is an outcome of bargaining games where power is shared, Graham Allison refers to this as the a. Rational model. b. Conceptual model. c. Organizational Process model. *d. Bureaucratic Politics paradigm.

14. Ripley and Franklin Ripley and Franklin list all of the following as policytypes EXCEPT? a. Crisis policy b. Strategic policy c. Structural policy *d. Tactical policy 15. The type of policy t The type of policy that lays out the basic stance of theUnited States towards another country is a. crisis policy. *b. strategic policy. c. structural policy. d. tactical policy.

16. Policy that revolves Policy that revolves around the defense budget and spendingand military bases is a. crisis policy. b. strategic policy. *c. structural defense policy. d. tactical policy.

17. Constructivists Constructivists a. explore notions of power within the internationalsystem. *b. examine how policy makers construct realities. c. focus on the role of institutions. d. study the role of public opinion in policycreation.

18. A constructivist wou A constructivist would be interest in all of the followingquestions EXCEPT? a. Why nuclear weapons in Great Britain and France donot concern U.S. policymakers

b. Why the United States perceived missiles in Cubaduring the Cuban Missile Crisis as a threat c. Questions of identity *d. How the United States responded to the attacks of9/11 19. According to William According to William Robinson’s work, the United States views democracy as a. deep public participation. b. liberalized economic markets. c. an independent judiciary. *d. limited to elections and institutions.

20. An example that show An example that shows how much decision makers can be wedto absolute outcomes is U.S. policy *a. directed at the fall of Castro and communist Cuba. b. towards Iran during the Obama administration. c. during the Cold War. d. during the failed humanitarian mission in Somalia.

21. Much of internationa Much of international relations assumes those makingdecisions will act in a rational manner. *a. True b. False 22. Those working in the Those working in the field of foreign policy analysis view the “decision maker” as the unit of analysis. a. True *b. False 23. A leader's "politica A leader’s “political belief system” can best be defined asa set of beliefs about the nature of the political world and how to effectively deal with that world.

a. True *b. False 24. Dwight Eisenhower's Dwight Eisenhower’s Secretary of State John Foster Dulles could be seen as an example of a decision maker with a veryrigid operational code. *a. True b. False 25. The process of maint The process of maintaining one’s views despite evidence tothe contrary very seldom occurs in the arena of foreign policy decisions. a. True *b. False 26. A significant variab A significant variable in the decision making process iswhether or not the decision is made under stress. *a. True b. False 27. The authors discuss The authors discuss the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as agood example of how policymakers consciously avoided “groupthink” in making the decision to invade. a. True *b. False 28. An example of the co An example of the constructivist approach to foreign policyanalysis is Graham Allison’s study of the Cuban Missile Crisis. a. True *b. False

29. Hypervigilance may r Hypervigilance may result in a leader becoming too open toinformation. *a. True b. False 30. Bolstering is a form Bolstering is a form of rational consistency seeking. a. True *b. False 31. What are belief syst What are belief systems and the operational code? How do they impact the manner in which individuals make decisions?

32. The study of interna The study of international relations is one that often assumes rationality by foreign policy decision makers. Howwould those in the field of foreign policy analysis disagree?

33. Define "groupthink" Define "groupthink" and outline how it may impact foreignpolicy decision making.

34. Explain the "Bureauc Explain the “Bureaucratic Politics Paradigm.”

35. Explain the "constru Explain the “constructivist” approach to foreign policy analysis.

Chapter 4 1. All of the following All of the following are formal and constitutionalpresidential powers EXCEPT? *a. Presidential singularity b. Commander in Chief c. Chief executive d. Head of state 2. Which article of the Which article of the United States Constitution enumeratesthe powers of the president? a. Article I *b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV 3. All of the following 2 All of the following are enumerated presidential powersEXCEPT? *a. Ability to be the world leader b. Treaty negotiations c. Nomination of key personnel d. Recognition of foreign regimes 4. The president as the The president as the reporting channel for government employees is an example of the president in the role of a. Commander-in-Chief. b. head of state. *c. head of government. d. treaty negotiator.

5. The right to declare The right to declare war is given to Congress in whicharticle of the Constitution? a. Article I

*b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV 6. Which of the followi Which of the following wars was NOT declared by Congress? *a. The Korean War b. The War of 1812 c. The Spanish-American War d. The Mexican War 7. Which U.S. president Which U.S. president began the process to open relationswith communist China? a. Lyndon Johnson *b. Richard Nixon c. Gerald Ford d. Jimmy Carter 8. All of the following 3 All of the following presidents were informationmaximalists EXCEPT? a. John Kennedy b. Richard Nixon *c. Ronald Reagan d. Bill Clinton 9. All of the following 4 All of the following presidents entered office well-versedin international politics EXCEPT? *a. Ronald Reagan b. George H.W. Bush c. Bill Clinton d. Barack Obama 10. Political scientist Political scientist Alexander George identified all of thefollowing as key personality traits EXCEPT?

a. Cognitive style b. Sense of confidence *c. Worldview d. Orientation towards conflict 11. A president who pref A president who prefers orderly decision-making with structured and predictable procedures likely is utilizingthe model. *a. formalistic b. collegial c. vigilant d. competitive 12. A president who stre A president who stresses teamwork with free and open discussion among principals with generally compatible viewson policy likely favors the model. a. formalistic *b. collegial c. vigilant d. competitive 13. The last president t The last president to attempt the use of a competitivemodel was a. John F. Kennedy. *b. Lyndon Johnson. c. Harry Truman. d. Richard Nixon.

14. What best explains w What best explains why the competitive model will likelynot be used again? *a. Contemporary figures lack the political strengthand personal confidence to implement the model. b. Past experience has shown the model leads to abreakdown in policy discussions.

c. It has proven unwieldy in the modern mediaenvironment. d. The increased role of the vice president would makesuch a model irrelevant.

15. The formalistic mode The formalistic model has appealed to presidents in all ofthe following categories EXCEPT? a. Presidents during the Cold War b. Presidents desiring personal control over theprocess c. Presidents exerting hands-on leadership *d. Presidents having a great deal of foreign policyexperience 16. President Carter's e President Carter’s experience with the collegial model was less than successful because he a. was not comfortable with the give-and-take ofpolicy debates. b. did not engage himself enough in the policy issues. *c. failed to develop a coherent or unified vision. d. lacked the confidence necessary to use such amodel.

17. The authors suggest The authors suggest that Barack Obama used which decision-making model? a. Formalistic *b. Collegial c. Vigilant d. Competitive 18. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following was NOT an information maximalist? *a. Ronald Reagan b. Bill Clinton c. Jimmy Carter d. Richard Nixon

19. Which of the followi 3 Which of the following would best be described as aninformation minimalist? *a. George W. Bush b. Richard Nixon c. Bill Clinton d. John Kennedy 20. Which of the followi 4 Which of the following unsuccessfully applied thecompetitive model? *a. Lyndon Johnson b. Franklin Roosevelt c. John F. Kennedy d. Donald Trump 21. The last war declare The last war declared by Congress was the Vietnam War. a. True *b. False 22. Since they require a Since they require approval from Senate, international obligations from treaties are legally more binding thanthose in executive agreements. a. True *b. False 23. New presidents gener New presidents generally enter the White House with a more expansive view of what they can do than is really possible. *a. True b. False 24. President Franklin D President Franklin D. Roosevelt was an example of a

president very comfortable with discussion and differencesin political ideas as a part of policy creation. *a. True b. False 25. Since World War II, Since World War II, the most often chosen model of decisionstyle has been the competitive model. a. True *b. False 26. Generally, president Generally, presidents who have chosen the formalistic modeltend to be a decade older than those who choose the collegial model. *a. True b. False 27. Nixon's use of the c Nixon’s use of the collegial model allowed him to isolatehimself in the White House and be surrounded only by trusted advisors. a. True *b. False 28. A significant elemen A significant element of a successful collegial model is aclear presidential vision and worldview. *a. True b. False 29. Barack Obama adopted Barack Obama adopted a competitive model of foreign policydecision-making. a. True *b. False

30. Ronald Reagan seldom Ronald Reagan seldom read serious material and displayedminimal intellectual curiosity as president. *a. True b. False 33. List and analyze the List and analyze the personality characteristics that mayimpact a president's policy product.

34. Analyze the constrai Analyze the constraints the president faces in determiningand implementing foreign policy.

35. Compare and contrast Compare and contrast the three styles of presidentialdecision-making.

Chapter 5 1. Which of the followi Which of the following was NOT created by the NationalSecurity Act of 1947? a. Department of Defense b. United States Air Force c. Central Intelligence Agency *d. Federal Bureau of Investigation 2. All of the following All of the following are required members of the NationalSecurity Council – according to statute – EXCEPT? *a. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff b. President c. Vice President d. Secretary of State 3. Of the descriptions Of the descriptions below, the most accurate statement regarding the National Security Council committee systemis? a. The Principals Committee is responsible for day-to-day crisis management. *b. The Principals Committee can meet without thepresident. c. The predecessor of the committee system was the Executive Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis. d. The Principals Committee is the major working levelof the entire national security process.

4. The State Department The State Department is divided into how many functionalareas? a. 7 *b. 6 c. 5 d. 4

5. All of the following 2 All of the following are specifically named geographicalsubdivisions in the U.S. State Department EXCEPT? a. South and Central Asia b. Africa *c. Middle East d. Europe and Eurasia 6. The State Department 2 The State Department has been generally decreasing in powerbecause all of the following EXCEPT? a. The notion that rivals to State have merged inpolicy formation. b. Foreign policy has become more military. *c. The number of non-state actors has declined overthe last twenty years. d. The increased number and nature of problemschallenging the State.

7. During the mid-1950s During the mid-1950s, expenditures by the Department of Defense accounted for approximately what percentage of thefederal budget? a. 30% b. 40% c. 50% *d. 60% 8. All of the following 3 All of the following are true regarding the U.S. budgetEXCEPT? a. The majority of the budget is made up ofentitlements and uncontrollable expenses. b. Defense spending is typically a vulnerable budgetitem. c. Defense spending accounts for the single largestcontrollable budget item. *d. Defense spending makes up the single largestbudget item.

9. All of the following 4 All of the following are part of the United States militaryorganization EXCEPT? a. The Secretary of Defense *b. Foreign service officers c. The Joint Chiefs of Staff d. The service departments 10. One important and si One important and significant result of the Goldwater-Nichols Defense Reorganization Act was that *a. all officers achieving flag rank must have jointstaff experience. b. service branches began acting in a manner thatdemonstrated loyalty to services. c. the military careers of officials became hindered by service as a “purple suiter.” d. military command was transferred to civilianauthority for the first time.

11. The policy agency th The policy agency that fits the role of informationgathering and analysis as well as policy recommendation and implementation is the a. Joint Chief of Staff. b. Department of Defense. *c. Central Intelligence Agency. d. State Department.

12. The Director of Oper The Director of Operations of the Central IntelligenceAgency is mainly charged with a. making recommendations based upon intelligencedata. b. analyzing specific intelligence data. c. collecting intelligence data. *d. implementing policy decisions.

13. The National Securit The National Security Agency and the Defense IntelligenceAgency are both located within a. the State Department. b. the Department of Defense. *c. the Central Intelligence Agency. d. the Department of Justice.

14. All of the following 5 All of the following agencies are members of the “GoldenTriangle” – charged with protecting the country against terrorism – EXCEPT? a. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) *b. The Department of Defense (DOD) c. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) d. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) 15. President Clinton's President Clinton’s view of the importance of trade and economic issues as an element of foreign policy can best besummarized by which statement? a. Strength begins at home and domestic markets mustbe protected. b. Free trade should be limited to those countriesthat are democracies. *c. American ideas can be spread around the world andpromotion of democracy can occur through trade. d. Trade is important but a significant emphasisshould be placed on a role for the military.

16. The only economic ag The only economic agency member with full membership on theNational Security Council (NSC) is *a. the Secretary of Treasury. b. the United States Trade Representative (USTR). c. the director of the National Economic Council(NEC). d. the chair of the Council for Economic Advisors.

17. The Foreign Service The Foreign Service Officers (FSOs) make up approximatelyhow many of the employees at the State Department? *a. 6,000 b. 3,000 c. 10,000 d. 1,500 18. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following is NOT one of the geographicalregion offices in the Secretary of State office? *a. North American Affairs b. East Asian and Pacific Affairs c. Near Eastern Affairs d. European and Eurasian Affairs 19. The concept of "civi The concept of "civilian control of the military" datesback to *a. the American Revolution. b. the U.S. Civil War. c. the Cold War Era. d. World War II. 20. During George W. Bus During George W. Bush's administration, the costs of thewars in Afghanistan and Iraq were *a. paid for by special appropriations. b. subjected to sequestration. c. paid for by a host of allies. d. never appropriated by congress since it was a timeof war.

21. The first agency cre The first agency created in the United States in order todeal with foreign affairs was the War Department. a. True *b. False

22. The State Department 3 The State Department and Department of Defense are oftenrivals in the creation of policy alternatives. *a. True b. False 23. In 2003, the United In 2003, the United States spent more on defense than therest of the world combined. *a. True b. False 24. The defense procurem The defense procurement system makes it relatively easy todiscontinue weapons systems. a. True *b. False 25. Due to the focus on Due to the focus on military issues, the Secretary ofDefense outranks the Secretary of State while on the National Security Council. a. True *b. False 26. The Central Intellig The Central Intelligence Agency was largely responsible forthe information and plan that led to the killing of Osama bin Laden in May 2011. *a. True b. False 27. The greatest opponen The greatest opponent of reform efforts aimed at

centralizing intelligence functions is typically theSecretary of State. a. True *b. False 28. The director of the The director of the National Counterterrorism Center issubject to providing testimony to Congress. a. True *b. False 29. The first to ever se The first to ever serve as Secretary of Homeland Securitywas former Pennsylvania governor Tom Ridge. *a. True b. False 30. Bill Clinton was the Bill Clinton was the first contemporary president to fullypromote economic matters as a centerpiece of foreign policy. *a. True b. False 32. Discuss the National Discuss the National Security Act of 1947 and how it organized the executive branch to respond to foreign policyissues.

33. Contrast the role of Contrast the role of the State Department and the Department of Defense in foreign policy issues. Does themission of each have any impact on the policy process?

34. Analyze the structur Analyze the structure and mission of the Department of

Homeland Security (DHS). Is DHS created in such a way thatit can successfully fulfill its responsibilities?

35. What are the importa What are the important intelligence agencies and leadershippositions in the U.S. government?

Chapter 6 1. Which article of the Which article of the U.S. Constitution deals with thepowers of the legislative branch? *a. Article I b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV 2. All of the following All of the following explain why Congress has been moreassertive the last few decades EXCEPT? *a. The presence of more seasoned and experiencedlegislators b. Weakening of party discipline c. Growth in congressional staff d. Expanded authority of subcommittees 3. Of the approximately Of the approximately 10,000 bills that Congress sees eachyear approximately what percent become law? a. 5% *b. 10% c. 15% d. 20% 4. Former chairmen of t Former chairmen of the Senate Foreign Relations Committeehave included all of the following EXCEPT? a. Jesse Helms b. John Kerry *c. Dick Lugar d. Joseph Biden 5. Both the Helms-Burto Both the Helms-Burton Act and the South Africa SanctionsAct are examples of

*a. Congress adopting substantive legislation. b. the power given to the committee system. c. Congress adopting procedural legislation. d. the power of the purse.

6. Reagan's veto on the Reagan’s veto on the South Africa sanctions bill was a. not overturned by Congress. b. overturned by only the House. c. overturned by only the Senate. *d. overturned by both the House and Senate.

7. Legislation that cra Legislation that crafts agencies or details reportingrequirements is an example of a. Congress adopting substantive legislation. b. the power given to the committee system. *c. Congress adopting procedural legislation. d. the power of the purse.

8. After the failed con After the failed confirmation of John Tower to Secretary ofDefense in 1989, President George H.W. Bush then nominated a. Alexander Haig *b. Dick Cheney c. Colin Powell d. George Voinovich 9. When Congress studie When Congress studies policies and hold hearings with relevant executive agency heads it is exerting power. *a. oversight b. confirmation c. appropriation d. delegative 10. All of the following 2 All of the following events led to the special Church

Committee oversight of the Central Intelligence AgencyEXCEPT? *a. The failure to predict the weakness of the Shah ofIran b. Attempts to destabilize Chilean President SalvadorAllende c. Carrying on a secret war in Cambodia d. Intervening in warfare in Angola 11. Which of the followi Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding theIran-Contra scandal? a. Subsequent hearings were an example of legislativeoversight. b. Reagan secretly sold arms to Iran. c. The funds from illegal weapon sales were sent to Nicaragua despite congressional bans forbidding such atransfer. *d. All of the above.

12. The League of Nation The League of Nations, SALT II, and the Comprehensive TestBan Treaty all serve as examples of *a. Senate failing to ratify treaties. b. the president being forced to adopt an executiveagreement instead of a treaty. c. an illustration of the partisan attitude taken bythe House in treaty issues. d. instances when political opinion forced thepresident to not sign a treaty.

13. The president associ The president associated most with the failure of the STARTII treaty was a. Gerald Ford. *b. Jimmy Carter. c. Ronald Reagan. d. George H.W. Bush.

14. The president associ 2 The president associated most with the failure of theComprehensive Test Ban Treaty a. Ronald Reagan. b. George H.W. Bush. *c. Bill Clinton. d. George W. Bush.

15. Both the Goldwater-N Both the Goldwater-Nichols (1986) and Cohen-Nunn Acts(1986) were attempts a. to pass substantive legislation to control moreforeign policy. b. to restrict the ability the president had toconduct undeclared wars. c. that were very much supported by the Pentagon. *d. that were meant to coordinate and organize thearmed services.

16. All of the following 3 All of the following are requirements under the War PowersAct EXCEPT? *a. The president must seek a congressional resolutionto send troops into a war situation. b. The president must consult with Congress beforecommitting U.S. troops. c. The president must inform Congress within 48 hoursof committing troops. d. The president has 60 days to legally conduct war (unless Congress acts or a 30 day extension is given).

18. The president who wa The president who warned the U.S. against “permanentalliances” was *a. George Washington. b. Thomas Jefferson. c. James Madison. d. James Monroe.

19. The president who fa The president who failed to get the treaty ratified for the U.S. to join the League of Nations was *a. Woodrow Wilson. b. Franklin Roosevelt. c. Theodore Roosevelt. d. William Harding.

20. Executive agreements Executive agreements make up approximately what percentageof all international agreements? *a. 95% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% 21. One reason Congress One reason Congress has reasserted power over the executive branch was Richard Nixon’s 1974 resignation. *a. True b. False 22. In the last twenty y In the last twenty years, congressional subcommittees havebecome less powerful. a. True *b. False 23. Over the last thirty Over the last thirty years, the level of political polarization within the political parties has decreased. a. True *b. False 24. Legislation that dir Legislation that directly defines U.S. policy is called “substantive legislation.”

*a. True b. False 25. One way a president One way a president can sidestep the confirmation processis by making recess appointments. *a. True b. False 26. The final straw in t The final straw in the failure of the United States toratify the SALT II treaty was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. *a. True b. False 27. One change within Co One change within Congress that has impacted the manner inwhich the legislative participates in issues of foreign policy has been the expansion of the seniority system. a. True *b. False 28. Fast Track allows th Fast Track allows the president to present a treaty with nochanges for an up or down vote. *a. True b. False 29. The Founders conside The Founders considered Congress to be the first branch ofgovernment. *a. True b. False

30. Since the 1960s, for Since the 1960s, foreign policy has become more bi-partisanin nature. a. True *b. False 31. What is "substantive What is "substantive" legislation? Give an example ofCongress adopting such legislation.

32. What do the authors What do the authors mean when they say the Constitution isan “invitation to struggle” and how does this struggle apply to foreign policy formulation?

33. Outline and evaluate Outline and evaluate the formal powers given to Congressregarding foreign policy?

34. Discuss what conditi Discuss what conditions have led to a more activistCongress in terms of foreign policy. What are the constraints to that activism?

35. What is the War Powe What is the War Powers Act? In what context was it passed?How has it worked (or not)?

Chapter 7 1. The interest group f The interest group founded in the 1950s in order to promote a closer understanding between the United States and Israelis called a. J Street. *b. AIPAC. c. CFR. d. the Heritage Foundation.

2. All of the following All of the following are criticisms of AIPAC EXCEPT? a. It is tied too closely to the Likud in Israel. b. Some feel it does not give enough voice to the “two-state” solution. c. It advocates policies that may not be in the bestinterests of the United States. *d. It has become too aligned with J Street.

3. According to the aut According to the authors, interest groups a. generally operate “off the grid” with very little government oversight. *b. fit the pluralistic model of competing interestsin democratic government. c. rarely come from the defense industry. d. do not fit the archetype of government advanced inthe Federalist Papers.

4. The type of organiza The type of organization that would engage in raising money and donate it to political candidates would be a(n) *a. political action committee (PAC). b. think tank. c. interest group. d. iron triangle.

5. All of the following 2 All of the following have led to more of a convergence offoreign and domestic politics EXCEPT the a. end of the Cold War. *b. creation of the United Nations. c. attacks of 9/11. d. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

6. Lobbying, education, Lobbying, education, and pressuring officials are all attempts used by interest groups in order to politicians. a. coerce b. bribe *c. persuade d. elect 7. A lobbyist may engag A lobbyist may engage in all of the following activitiesEXCEPT? a. Wait for politicians in the hallways and lobbies topresent their cause. *b. Present a petition on the floor of congress. c. Perform administrative duties within an interestgroup. d. Informally contact a congressman at a sportingevent.

8. Which statement best Which statement best describes the relationship between theinterest group and the lobbyist? *a. Interest groups do not necessarily requirelobbyists. b. Lobbyists do not necessarily require interestgroups. c. Interest groups must hire outside lobbyists. d. No relationship exists.

9. The Citizens United The Citizens United case ruled that a. PACs could no longer donate to political campaigns. b. corporations could no longer donate to politicalcampaigns. *c. PACs must disclose their donors. d. groups may spend unlimited amounts on campaigns aslong as the effort is not coordinated with the candidate.

10. An example of a spec An example of a specific interest group would be *a. Amnesty International. b. AFL-CIO. c. AARP. d. NEA. 11. An interest group th An interest group that emerges to protest the U.S. war inAfghanistan would most likely be a(n) a. continuous interest group. b. occasional interest group. c. ethnic interest group. *d. ad hoc interest group.

12. An interest group th 2 An interest group that generally concentrates on domestic issues but finds cause in a specific foreign policy issueis most likely a(n) a. continuous interest group. *b. occasional interest group. c. permanent interest group. d. ad hoc interest group.

14. The first identifiab The first identifiable think-tank was the *a. Russell Sage Foundation. b. Center for American Progress. c. RAND Corporation.

d. Brookings Institute.

15. According to the aut 2 According to the authors, which think tank led theevolution to more partisanship? *a. Heritage Foundation b. Hoover Institution c. Brookings Institution d. Twentieth Century Foundation 16. The think tank first The think tank first established in 1948 in order to servethe newly independent Air Force was a. the Center for Strategic and International Studies. b. CATO Institute. *c. RAND Corporation. d. Center for Defense Information.

17. The Strategic Studie The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is affiliated withthe a. Air Force. *b. Army. c. Navy. d. Marines.

18. The Center for Emerg The Center for Emerging Threats and Opportunities isaffiliated with the a. Air Force. b. Army. c. Navy *d. Marines.

19. Which of the followi Which of the following is an example of a partisan thinktank? *a. Heritage Foundation

b. Ford Foundation c. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation d. Council for Foreign Relations 20. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following is NOT part of the evolution ofinternational politics in the United States? *a. Citizens have grown more satisfied with howpoliticians deal with international crises. b. Foreign and domestic politics appear to convergemore than ever. c. International developments are more transparentthan ever before. d. Generally, there has been an increase in"electronic experts."

21. George W. Bush met w George W. Bush met with a much larger variety of Jewishgroups than Barack Obama. a. True *b. False 22. The interest group B The interest group Business Executives for National Security (BENS) originated as a result of Dwight Eisenhower’s famous farewell address in January 1961. *a. True b. False 23. The attacks on 9/11 The attacks on 9/11 and emergence of ISIS have given moreexposure to many think tanks. *a. True b. False 24. The collective actio The collective action problem explains why some commoninterests do not politically organize.

*a. True b. False 25. There are approximat There are approximately 1000 lobbyists in the United Statestoday. a. True *b. False 26. Members of Congress Members of Congress view educational materials produced byinterest groups as propaganda and of little use in policy creation. a. True *b. False 27. One of the increasin One of the increasingly smaller functions of think tankshas been in the role of an electronic expert. a. True *b. False 28. Both think tanks and Both think tanks and interest groups serve as informalchecks and balances on the government. *a. True b. False 29. J Street is a subsid J Street is a subsidiary of AIPAC. a. True *b. False

30. President Harry S. T President Harry S. Truman coined the phrase "militaryindustrial complex." a. True *b. False 31. What is AIPAC and wh What is AIPAC and why has it become controversial?

32. Describe the "iron t Describe the “iron triangle” and analyze its impact on policy formation.

33. What types of tactic What types of tactics do interest groups use?

34. Analyze how Citizens Analyze how Citizens United has change the way in whichinterest groups and PACs operate.

35. Explain the "think t Explain the “think tank” and the role it plays in policy construction.

Chapter 8 1. The "Green Revolutio The “Green Revolution” took place in a. Yemen. b. Egypt. c. Libya. *d. Iran.

2. Which of the followi Which of the following news programs originated with the1979 Iran Hostage Crisis? a. 60 Minutes *b. Nightline c. 48 Hours d. World News Tonight 3. The authors cite all The authors cite all of the following examples of media asan agenda setter EXCEPT? a. Bosnia and Herzegovina *b. Iran-Contra scandal c. Somali intervention d. Sudanese violence 4. One way President Ge One way President George H.W. Bush implicitly tested publicopinion before Operation Desert Storm was to a. hold a number of “town hall” style meetings. *b. activate a large number of reserve units. c. ask Congress for a declaration of war. d. all of the above.

5. In terms of foreign In terms of foreign policy, the Almond-Lippman consensusdiscovered that the public *a. was unpredictable, wrong, and irrational. b. had a well-informed view of foreign policy.

c. generally tried to remain informed of foreignpolicy and world events. d. was wrong, but consistent and predictable 6. The segment of the p The segment of the population that is often called the uninformed public makes up approximately what percentage ofthe U.S. population? a. 90-95% *b. 75-80% c. 45-50% d. 25-30% 7. The segment of the p 2 The segment of the population that is often called the informed public makes up approximately what percentage ofthe U.S. population? a. 40-50% b. 30-40% c. 20-30% *d. 10-20% 8. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following is a characteristic of the attentivepublic? *a. Their knowledge of foreign affairs is general innature. b. They gain knowledge of foreign affairs throughfirst-hand experience. c. They have direct links to the foreign policyprocess. d. They have specific knowledge about a variety offoreign policy issues.

10. According to Douglas According to Douglas Foyle, what best describes the role ofthe public in foreign policy creation? a. Presidents believe public support is essential to asuccessful policy.

b. Presidents believe public support is NOT essentialto a successful policy. *c. The role of the public depends upon the president’s belief concerning that role. d. Presidents do not consider public opinion.

11. The spike in positiv The spike in positive public support that results from amilitary mission that is perceived to be quick and successful is called a. Diversionary War. *b. the Halo Effect. c. Rally around the Flag. d. the honeymoon period.

12. Which of the followi 3 Which of the following best describes the American public’s opinion with regard to use of force? a. The public is more supportive of use of force forhumanitarian reasons. b. The public has become less supportive of use offorce after the end of the Cold War. *c. The public is more supportive of use of force inorder to restrain an opponent. d. The public is more supportive of use of force ininstances of regime change.

13. The Supreme Court ru The Supreme Court ruling that established the concept of “no prior restraint” was a. New York Times v. United States. b. Gitlow v. New York. *c. Near v. Minnesota. d. United States v. Nixon.

14. Which of the followi 4 Which of the following events would be an example of “mediadiplomacy”? a. The president’s weekly radio address

b. A press photo opportunity between the president andanother foreign leader *c. The president demanding – through a televised address – that the leader of another country resignwithin 24 hours d. A speech given on the campaign trail by apresidential candidate 15. Which of the followi 5 Which of the following stories could best be characterized as “soft news’? *a. An interview of a local family with loved onesserving in the military b. A story about Saddam Hussein’s killing of the Kurds c. Information about negotiations between the U.S. andNorth Korea over nuclear weapons d. Details of a prisoner abuse scandal in Iraq 16. Which statement conc Which statement concerning “soft news” is most true? a. It has no impact on the foreign policy knowledge ofthe American public. *b. It may lead to more interest in foreign policyissues by the American public. c. It is meant to be informative for the mass public. d. It is more expensive to produce than hard news and,as a result, is appearing less in the media.

17. The person responsib The person responsible for introducing the definition of “slacktivism” was *a. Malcolm Gladwell b. Clay Shirkey c. Mir Hossein Mousavi d. Matthew Baum 18. The central tenant o The central tenant of the American political system is thatsovereignty rests with

*a. the citizens. b. the federal government. c. elected officials. d. the president.

19. The freedom of press The freedom of press is a right guaranteed by the *a. First Amendment. b. Fifth Amendment. c. Tenth Amendment. d. Fourteenth Amendment.

20. Which of the followi 6 Which of the following did the authors cite as an example of “diversionary war”? *a. Reagan’s invasion of Grenada b. George H. W. Bush’s invasion of Panama c. George W. Bush’s invasion of Afghanistan d. John F. Kennedy’s Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba 21. The Vietnam War impr The Vietnam War improved the relationship between the mediaand the U.S. government. a. True *b. False 22. After the terrorist After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the masspublic paid little attention to media's reporting of foreign policy. a. True *b. False 23. Many observers belie Many observers believe the major flaw within the U.S. experience in Vietnam was in the failure to activate publicsupport.

*a. True b. False 24. Approximately 75% of Approximately 75% of Americans can be classified as the “informed public.” a. True *b. False 25. Media reports on for Media reports on foreign policy found in flagship andnational newspapers are not constructed in a manner accessible to all Americans. *a. True b. False 26. One form of media bi One form of media bias is the need to concentrate onprofits by media conglomerates. *a. True b. False 27. Governments utilize Governments utilize the media as a vehicle to conductdiplomacy with other governments. *a. True b. False 28. Hard news" programs, “Hard news” programs, generally, have a much higher profitmargin than “soft news.” a. True *b. False

29. Social media attempt Social media attempts to help hold government officialsaccountable. *a. True b. False 30. The "Green Revolutio 2 The “Green Revolution” was in response to the 2009 Egyptian elections. a. True *b. False 31. The authors observe The authors observe that secrecy is an important element inforeign policy. Do a costbenefit analysis of secrecy in U.S. foreign policy. How should we weigh the competingconcerns of secrecy and transparency?

32. What is the Almond-L What is the Almond-Lippman argument regarding the Americanpublic? To what extent do you think their analysis can be used in contemporary America?

33. Discuss how politici Discuss how politicians may use foreign policy as a meansto increase their own popularity.

34. How can Americans ch How can Americans change their traditional attitudes towardforeign policy?

35. What is the differen What is the difference between "hard news" and "soft news"?How is the advent of more "soft news" impacting public opinion?

Chapter 9 1. The last time the Un The last time the United States engaged in traditionalwarfare was a. World War II. *b. the Korean War. c. the Vietnam War. d. Operation Desert Storm/Iraq (1991) 2. Of the four ways ana Of the four ways analysts think of the relationship betweenforeign policy and national security the one that gained influence in the Cold War and reflects the structures of the National Security Council is a. national security as a subset of foreign policy. b. national security is the prime driver of foreignpolicy. *c. national security as synonymous with foreignpolicy. d. national security as a vehicle that distortsforeign policy.

3. The most extreme for The most extreme form of vital interest is a. peripheral. b. major. c. local. *d. survival.

4. When resources fall When resources fall short of negating all sources of threatthe result is defined as a. the security dilemma. b. existential threats. c. policy challenges. *d. risk.

5. American wars in Vie American wars in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan are similarin that a. each is a war against religious extremism. *b. conventional ways of fighting do not apply. c. each started as an attempt to overthrow thepolitical leadership. d. they are NOT at all similar.

6. Asymmetric wars Asymmetric wars a. have decreased since the end of the Cold War. b. were more likely to occur in the years immediatelyafter World War II. *c. have increased after the end of the Cold War. d. have never really been substantial in number.

7. All of the following All of the following are components of the authors’ definition for terrorism EXCEPT? a. Acts must be committed against a target population b. The goal is to gain compliance with some demand *c. Terrorism must have a religious element d. Terrorists must commit or attempt atrocious acts 8. All of the following 2 All of the following are examples of antiterrorism effortsEXCEPT? *a. Clandestine military activities b. Reducing the vulnerability to a terrorist attack c. Mitigating effects after a terrorist attack d. Enhanced airport security 9. All of the following 3 All of the following are examples of counterterrorismEXCEPT? a. Clandestine military activities b. Responding to terrorist attacks *c. Reducing damage after terrorist attacks

d. Preempting terrorist attacks

10. Isolationism is the Isolationism is the idea *a. that the U.S. should withdraw from world affairs. b. that the U.S. must use military power to influenceevents in support of American values. c. of viewing the world in terms of a hierarchy ofinterests. d. of engaging other states in foreign policy actions 11. Liberal intervention Liberal intervention is the idea a. that the U.S. should withdraw from world affairs *b. that the U.S. must use military power to influenceevents in support of American values c. of viewing the world in terms of a hierarchy ofinterests d. of engaging other states in foreign policy actions 12. A threat can be in t A threat can be in the form of *a. policies. b. statements. c. actions. d. all of the above.

13. George W. Bush's adm George W. Bush's administration could be best described as a. isolationist. *b. liberal interventionist. c. realist. d. internationalist.

14. Realists argue that Realists argue that force should be used *a. only in cases involving true vital interests.

b. in a broad range of interests. c. only with overwhelming public support. d. only in efforts of nation building.

15. Liberal intervention 2 Liberal interventionists argue that force should be used a. only in cases involving true vital interests. *b. in a broad range of interests. c. only with overwhelming public support. d. only in efforts of nation building.

16. All of the following 4 All of the following geographic locations have been traditional locations of American national interestsEXCEPT? *a. South America b. Europe c. Parts of Asia d. The homeland 17. Generally, threats t Generally, threats to stability and peace are *a. concentrated in the developing world. b. concentrated in the developed world. c. concentrated in areas with extreme poverty. d. widely distributed throughout the world.

18. Multinationalism ref Multinationalism refers to *a. different national loyalties living within acommon state. b. the same national loyalties living within differentstates. c. the same national loyalties living within a commonstate. d. different national loyalties living withindifferent states.

19. Nationalism can be d Nationalism can be defined as all of the following EXCEPT? *a. Geographic boundaries b. Ethnicity c. Language d. Perceived common heritage 20. The era of democrati The era of democratization defined as the "Second Wave"occurred *a. in the Post World War II era. b. in the 1970s after the revolution in Portugal. c. in the 1800s after the French Revolution. d. During the Arab Spring of the first two decades ofthe twenty-first century 21. Terrorists view acts Terrorists view acts of terrorism as criminal resistance inorder to make a political point. a. True *b. False 22. The authors argue th The authors argue that one of the first versions of asymmetric warfare was advanced

by Chinese strategist SunTzu. *a. True b. False 23. The Obama Doctrine i The Obama Doctrine included the increased use of militaryforce. a. True *b. False 24. Liberal intervention 3 Liberal interventionism argues that the U.S. must be

willing to use military power to influence events insupport of American values. *a. True b. False 25. Obama viewed himself Obama viewed himself as an adherent of liberalinterventionism a. True *b. False 26. The National Securit The National Security Act elevated the secretary of defenseto co-equal status with the secretary of state. *a. True b. False 27. The current internat The current international security environment can best be described as “deadly” and “fixed.” a. True *b. False 28. Conventional warfare Conventional warfare is sometimes referred to assymmetrical warfare. *a. True b. False 29. No two asymmetric wa No two asymmetric wars are ever exactly the same. *a. True b. False

29. No two asymmetric wa No two asymmetric wars are ever exactly the same. *a. True b. False 31. Define interests, th Define interests, threats, and risks. How do they impactthe making of foreign policy?

32. What is "terrorism"?

What is "terrorism"? How is it a form of asymmetricwarfare?

33. What is antiterroris What is antiterrorism? Counterterrorism? Should they beused interchangeably?

Why or why not?

34. What makes warfare a What makes warfare asymmetric? What type of threat is it tothe U.S.?

35. Explain the relation Explain the relationship between foreign policy andnational security policy.

Chapter 10 1. The July 1944 Bretto The July 1944 Bretton Woods meeting set the stage for all of the following institutions to ultimately emerge EXCEPT? *a. The European Economic Community b. The World Bank c. The International Monetary Fund d. The World Trade Organization 2. Which of the followi Which of the following institutions was focused on lendingmoney to countries impacted

by World War II? a. The European Economic Community *b. The World Bank c. The International Monetary Fund d. The World Trade Organization 3. The current pinnacle The current pinnacle of international organizational focuson free trade is a. the North American Free Trade Agreement. *b. the World Trade Organization. c. the European Union. d. the Central American Free Trade Agreement.

4. The concept that a " The concept that a “rising tide lifts all boats” explains the philosophy behind a. protectionism. b. fair trade. *c. free trade. d. the Bretton Woods system.

5. When analysts speak When analysts speak of military assets and other tangibleassets they are talking about a. soft power.

*b. hard power. c. smart power. d. sticky power.

6. When analysts speak 2 When analysts speak of the ability to blend many expressions of power together they are talking about a. soft power. b. hard power. *c. smart power. d. sticky power.

7. The two-level game s The two-level game suggests a. politicians must first negotiate with domesticactors. b. politicians must first negotiate with internationalactors. c. politicians must first consult public opinion usingsome form of trial balloon. *d. politicians must negotiate with international anddomestic actors simultaneously.

8. The Office of Foreig The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) dates to whichera? a. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931. b. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. *c. The Korean War. d. The seizure of the U.S. embassy by Iranianmilitants in 1979.

9. The U.S. Trade Repre The U.S. Trade Representative (U.S.T.R.) is charged with a. enforcing trade sanctions. *b. taking the lead in negotiating trade agreements. c. pursuing the financial backing of terrorists. d. promoting U.S. economic interests globally.

10. The power to "regula The power to “regulate foreign commerce” is given to Congress in which article of the U.S. Constitution? *a. Article I b. Article II c. Article III d. Article IV 11. In 2017, the Obama a In 2017, the Obama administration requested approximatelyhow much money from Congress for foreign aid? a. $5 billion b. $15 billion c. $25 billion *d. $35 billion 12. The $13 billion reco The $13 billion recovery plan for Europe after World War IIwas called the *a. Marshall Plan. b. Truman Doctrine. c. European Coal and Steel Company. d. Atlantic Charter.

13. The U.S. Agency for The U.S. Agency for International Development is located inwhich executive department? a. Department of the Treasury *b. Department of State c. Department of Defense d. Council of Economic Advisors 14. The Millennium Chall The Millennium Challenge Corporation was founded by which U.S. president? a. Jimmy Carter b. Bill Clinton *c. George W. Bush d. Barack Obama

15. All of the following All of the following are activities and goals of theMillennium Challenge Corporation EXCEPT? a. Promoting economic development *b. Eliminating safe havens for terrorists c. Establishing good governance d. Developing market solutions for problems 16. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following countries has been the singlelargest recipient of foreign aid since the 1970s? a. Pakistan b. Mexico *c. Israel d. Egypt 17. Serious concerns tha Serious concerns that have emerged regarding sanctionsinclude all of the following EXCEPT? a. Rarely is a coordinated effort possible b. Many suggest it harms the population of the countrysanctioned c. It may actually undermine U.S. policy goals *d. They may have too much of a negative impact on thedomestic economy 18. The Treasury Departm The Treasury Department reported that in 2017 the UnitedStates had some form of sanctions against how many different countries? *a. 21 b. 16 c. 11 d. 6 19. Libya has been sanct Libya has been sanctioned for all of the following EXCEPT?

a. The 1988 Lockerbie, Scotland Pan Am bombing b. Pursuing weapons of mass destruction c. The 1986 bombing of a Berlin disco *d. Attacks on the U.S. military in the Gulf of Sidra 20. Which U.S. president Which U.S. president ended the full range of sanctionsagainst Libya? a. Ronald Reagan b. Bill Clinton *c. George W. Bush d. Barack Obama 21. The Asia-Pacific Eco The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is an exampleof an attempt of regional economic integration. *a. True b. False 22. The name for the mov The name for the movement that calls for foreign producersto operate under the same rules as American producers is the “fair trade” movement. *a. True b. False 23. Foreign economic pol Foreign economic policy is mostly controlled by thelegislative branch. a. True *b. False 24. Soft power generally Soft power generally refers to culture and beliefs. *a. True b. False

25. Smart power centers Smart power centers on travel and trade and how it drawsothers into a web of relations. a. True *b. False 26. The two-level game i The two-level game is meant to explain the manner in whichpoliticians must negotiate at both the international and national level. *a. True b. False 27. In essence, protecti In essence, protectionism is a form of economicnationalism. *a. True b. False 28. Trade Promotion Auth Trade Promotion Authority (“Fast Track”) expired in 2007 and has not yet been renewed. a. True *b. False 29. A large portion of t A large portion of the increase in funding for foreign aidhas been to help combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic. *a. True b. False 30. The largest single r The largest single recipient of U.S. foreign aid since the1970s has been Afghanistan. a. True *b. False

31. In practice, sanctio In practice, sanctions are usually used as part of a largerpackage of diplomatic efforts. *a. True b. False 32. Most recently, the U Most recently, the U.S. and members of the European Unionused sanctions in order to remove the Gaddafi regime frompower in Libya. *a. True b. False 33. Detail the differenc Detail the differences between "hard" and "soft" powers.How can they be used as instruments of policy?

34. A number of foreign A number of foreign policy tools exist for the United States to influence other states. What are they? How dothey work?

35. What are sanctions?

What are sanctions? How do they work? Discuss the U.S.experience with sanctions.

36. Identify and analyze Identify and analyze the executive agencies used in coordinating foreign policy and the manner in which theyact.

37. Describe traditional Describe traditional, coercive, and public diplomacy. How has the United States used each of these in foreign policy.

Chapter 11 1. A trans-state issue A trans-state issue is defined as one a. which concerns activities inside one state. *b. which transcends state boundaries. c. which refers to relations of two states toward eachother. d. in which the United Nations is a key participant.

2. All of the following All of the following are areas of contention, identified bythe authors, between developed and developing countries EXCEPT? *a. The use of nuclear energy b. Human rights c. Deforestation d. Pollution 3. Under George W. Bush Under George W. Bush, the U.S. took a hard line againstinternational efforts that might infringe on American sovereignty on all of the following issues EXCEPT the a. International Criminal Court. b. reinforced biological weapons treaty. *c. proposed increased standards of the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA). d. Kyoto Protocol.

4. Which of the followi Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding theKyoto Protocol and the fight against carbon emissions? a. President Bush did not support the treaty. b. The bill to address carbon gases died in Senate atthe hands of democrats and republicans. *c. As the amount of scientific evidence suggesting emissions are causing global warming has increased, American support for the Protocol has also increased. d. Concerns over the economy played an important rolein killing the Senate bill on emissions.

5. The philosophical fo The philosophical founder of the ideas of human rights anddemocracy was a. Jacque Rousseau. *b. John Locke. c. Adam Smith. d. Karl Marx.

6. A country experienci A country experiencing a transition to democracy after thefall of the Soviet Union would be part of Samuel Huntington’s a. first wave of democratization. b. second wave of democratization. *c. third wave of democratization. d. fourth wave of democratization.

7. The subject of the B The subject of the Beijing Summits of 1995 was a. economic interdependence. b. Chinese investment in the U.S. dollar. *c. women’s rights. d. the rights of children.

8. The most recent wave The most recent wave of democratization has been aided byall of the following EXCEPT the a. influence of outstanding individuals. *b. the enactment of the Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights. c. the activities of nongovernmental organizations(NGOs). d. modern electronic media.

10. Most recently, the C Most recently, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment on the Crime of Genocide has been used against

a. Libya. *b. Rwanda. c. Egypt. d. Zimbabwe.

11. Who was the first U. Who was the first U.S. president to try to shift policy towards other states from concern over anticommunism tohuman rights? *a. Jimmy Carter b. Gerald Ford c. Richard Nixon d. John Kennedy 13. Which U.S. president Which U.S. president withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol? a. Ronald Reagan b. George H. W. Bush c. Bill Clinton *d. George W. Bush 14. At the time of its w At the time of its writing, the Kyoto Protocol was enthusiastically supported by which former U.S. president? a. George H. W. Bush b. Jimmy Carter *c. Bill Clinton d. George W. Bush 15. The authors identify The authors identify all of the following as additionaltrans-state issues EXCEPT? *a. International tariffs b. Diseases resistant to antibodies c. Overfishing d. International crime

16. Which of the followi 3 Which of the following would NOT be considered a negativehuman right? *a. Adequate diet b. Freedom of speech c. Antidiscrimination d. Freedom of religion 17. The philosophical bi The philosophical birth of human rights can be traced backto *a. John Locke. b. James Madison. c. Adam Smith. d. the United Nations.

18. This group annually This group annually produces a list of countries where italleges human rights violations occur: *a. Amnesty International. b. the United Nations. c. Human Rights Watch. d. Refugees International .

19. Despite human rights Despite human rights concerns, the Obama administrationdeepened relations with all of the following EXCEPT? *a. Thailand b. Vietnam c. Burma d. China 20. Which of the followi 4 Which of the following is NOT generally true ofdemocracies? *a. They are inherently peaceful b. They are more law abiding members of theinternational community c. They tend to not go to war with other democracies

d. They are the most reliable in protecting humanrights 21. Drug smuggling is mo Drug smuggling is more of a criminal issue inherent toindividual states than a trans-state issue. a. True *b. False 22. While all states are While all states are sovereign, the authors suggest thatsome are more sovereign than others. *a. True b. False 23. The two Beijing Summ The two Beijing Summits (1995) produced the outline for a “Bill of Rights for Women.” *a. True b. False 24. A significant actor A significant actor in the overthrow of communism in Polandin 1989 was Pope John Paul II. *a. True b. False 25. The last Europeans t The last Europeans to be charged with genocide crimes werethe Nazi Germans after World War II. a. True *b. False 26. The authors contend The authors contend that democracies are inherentlypeaceful.

a. True *b. False 27. The oil and gas indu The oil and gas industry argues that the climate changeissue impedes American efforts to maximize energy production. *a. True b. False 28. An example of an Int An example of an Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) isDoctors without Borders. a. True *b. False 29. An example of a Nong An example of a Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) is theUnited Nations. a. True *b. False 31. How is the discussio How is the discussion over the problem and solution toglobal warming intermestic in nature?

32. Discuss the impact o Discuss the impact of globalization on human rights issues.

33. How have internation How have international summits and conventions changednorms and behaviors of world actors? Give specific examples.

34. What progress has be What progress has been made in the area of internationalcooperation for human rights?

35. What is the threat t What is the threat to the environment caused by global warming? How has it become a controversial internationalissue?

Chapter 12 1. Challenges facing th Challenges facing the Trump administration in terms offoreign policy include all of the following EXCEPT? *a. Lack of national security advisors with a militarybackground b. Funding c. Bipartisan support d. Lack of experience 2. Which best describes Which best describes the candidates in the 2016presidential election? *a. Both were the most disliked in U.S. history. b. Trump was the most disliked in U.S. history. c. Clinton was the most disliked in U.S. history. d. They were the two oldest candidates in U.S.history.

3. Trump's view on trad Trump’s view on trade agreements during the campaign was that they *a. were not desirable and in need of majorrenegotiation. b. were desirable to the U.S. economy. c. gave the U.S. an advantage in trade. d. were necessary and should be maintained.

4. Which of the followi Which of the following does not reflect the general view of Trump’s campaign positions? *a. They were specifically outlined in policy andposition papers. b. They reflected a general anger with the status quo. c. They were not developed in great detail. d. They viewed trade agreements negatively.

5. The 2016 U.S. presid The 2016 U.S. presidential election resulted in *a. extended hyper-partisanship. b. less partisanship on foreign policy issues. c. a divided government in executive and legislativebranches. d. a balance between the two parties in congress.

7. All of the following All of the following are true about sequestration EXCEPT? *a. It does not apply to military and defense spending b. It threatens to challenge the Trump budget agenda c. It comes only from discretionary spending d. It mandates cuts in federal spending 8. Which of the followi 2 Which of the following is true regarding sequestration? *a. It could be used as a tool to increasebipartisanship. b. Congress is not motivated to rescind it. c. Ending it can be done without reexamining thecurrent budget. d. Sequestration funds come from non-discretionaryspending.

9. Which of the followi 3 Which of the following is NOT true concerning internationaltreaties and executive agreements? *a. The president is constitutionally prohibited fromreversing many treaties and agreements. b. They are regulated by international law. c. They are regulated by international conventions. d. Congress can withdraw funds to impact the executionof treaties and agreements.

10. As a candidate, Trum As a candidate, Trump supported all of the followingEXCEPT? *a. A less militant view on national security policy

b. A rethinking of American trade policies c. A disdain for climate change policies d. A promise to build a border wall with Mexico 11. Which of the followi 4 Which of the following initial Trump foreign policyappointments is NOT correct? *a. James Mattis - National Security Advisor b. Nikki Haley - Ambassador to the United Nations c. John Kelley - Secretary of Homeland Security d. Rex Tillerson - Secretary of State 12. Trump's rhetoric on Trump's rhetoric on destroying ISIS includes *a. bringing relations with Russia to the forefront of U.S. policy. b. the use of substantial "boots on the ground" inSyria. c. publicizing the plans to liberate Mosul, Iraq. d. Continuing Obama era polcies.

14. The North Atlantic T The North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) *a. no longer faces a military threat due to the fallof the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War. b. continues to face significant existential threats. c. is no longer desired by the European governments. d. was viewed by the Obama administration as being a"free rider."

15. Candidate Trump clai Candidate Trump claimed that the loss of manufacturing jobsin the United States was largely due to *a. flawed free trade agreements. b. the "too big to fail" mindset of U.S. firms. c. government intervention in manufacturingindustries. d. high U.S. tariffs on foreign goods.

17. Climate change is Climate change is a. a domestic issue. b. a international issue. *c. both a domestic and international issue. d. an issue for scientists and not politicians.

18. The second largest e The second largest emitter of carbon gases into theatmosphere is *a. the U.S.. b. Mexico. c. Russia. d. India.

19. The largest emitter The largest emitter of carbon gases into the environment is *a. China. b. the U.S.. c. Russia. d. India.

20. The authors of the t The authors of the textbook consider immigration to be a. a humanitarian issue. b. an economic issue. *c. both a humanitarian and an economic issue. d. neither a humanitarian nor an economic issue.

22. Trump's message of c Trump’s message of change did not apply to foreign policy. a. True *b. False 23. Trump's overall poli Trump’s overall political message reflected popular disgustwith the status quo.

*a. True b. False 24. Major legislation in Major legislation in the Senate only needs fifty votes tobecome policy. a. True *b. False 26. The sequester stands The sequester stands in the way of Trump’s plan to increase military spending. *a. True b. False 27. Executive agreements Executive agreements are never subject to congressionalassent. a. True *b. False 28. Trump plans to expan Trump plans to expand U.S. participation in NAFTA. a. True *b. False 29. Trump named former E Trump named former Exxon CEO Rex Tillerson as his firstsecretary of state. *a. True b. False 30. Trump's off-the-cuff Trump’s off-the-cuff campaign remarks indicated less inhibition to use nuclear weapons than his predecessor.

*a. True b. False 31. Describe the challen Describe the challenges facing the Trump administrationwhen it comes to the destruction of ISIS. 32. As a candidate, Dona As a candidate, Donald Trump challenged the benefits ofNAFTA. What are his complaints?

33. The Trump administra The Trump administration faces a great number of challengeswith regard to refugees.

What are the issues they will face?

34. What is sequestratio What is sequestration? What impact does it have on thepresident's ability to fashion military policy?

35. What is NATO? Is it What is NATO? Is it an organization that is passed itsusefulness? What is its future?