American Gardens, 1890-1930

NORTHEAST, MID-ATLANTIC, AND MIDWEST REGIONS

AMERICAN GARDENS 1890–1930 EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY SAM WATTER S

ACANTHUS PRESS

NORTHEAST, MID-ATLANTIC, AND MIDWEST REGIONS

AMERICAN GARDENS 1890–1930 EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY SAM WATTERS

ACANTHUS PRESS NEW YORK : 2006

AC A N T H U S P R E S S, L L C

PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS

48 WEST 22ND STREET NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10010 W W W. A C A N T H U S P R E S S . C O M 2 1 2 –4 1 4 –0 1 0 8

Photographs are courtesy of and used by permission of the following (all rights reserved): pages 134, 177 Lake Forest-Lake Bluff Historical Society; 135, 148 Art Institute of Chicago, Historic Architecture and Landscape Image Collection, Ryerson and Burnham Archives; 136–137 Chicago Historical Society (Hedrich Blessing); 140–143 Lake Forest Preservation Foundation; 146–147 Glencoe Historical Society; 178 Architectural Record; 204, 247, 248, 251 The Trustees of Reservations; and 205 Frederic Law Olmsted National Historic Site.

©2006, SAM WATTERS Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify the owners of copyright.

Errors of omission will be corrected in subsequent printings of this work.

All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in any part (except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publisher.

COPYRIGHT

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American gardens, 1890–1930 : Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest / edited and with an introduction by Sam Watters. p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN 0-926494-43-0 (alk. paper) 1. Gardens—Northeastern States—Pictorial works. 2. Gardens— Middle Atlantic States—Pictorial works. 3. Gardens—Middle West— Pictorial works. I. Watters, Sam, 1954– SB466.U65N7521 2006 712.0973—dc22 2006013759

COVER : Garden View, studio of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney; Leavitt & Aldrich, landscape architects; Delano & Aldrich, architects FRONTISPIECE :

Garden from the Terrace, “Naumkeag”; Nathan Franklin Barrett, landscape architect; Stanford White, architect

BACK COVER:

View to the Garden, Estate of Herbert Croly; Charles Adams Platt, architect and landscape architect

BARRY CENOWER , PUBLISHER POLLY FRANCHINI , DESIGNER

PRINTED IN CHINA

Contents

Introduction

page 7

DELANO & ALDRICH

page 83

ANONYMOUS

page 19

DELANO & ALDRICH AND CHARLES HIGGINS

page 85

ALBRO & LINDEBERG

page 20

MALCOLM HOWARD DILL

page 88

NATHAN FRANKLIN BARRETT

page 24

PHILIP H. ELWOOD JR.

page 89

HAROLD HILL BLOSSOM

page 29

WILSON EYRE

page 90

WELLES BOSWORTH

page 32

BEATRIX JONES FARRAND

page 102

BOSWORTH & LEAVITT

page 40

ANNETTE HOYT FLANDERS

page 105

ERNEST W. BOWDITCH

page 42

BRYANT FLEMING

page 107

A. F. BRINCKERHOFF

page 44

CLARENCE FOWLER

page 109

BRINLEY & HOLBROOK

page 45

ROBERT FOWLER JR.

page 111

JAMES BUSH-BROWN

page 47

ISABELLA STEWART GARDNER

page 113

LAWRENCE S. CALDWELL

page 48

CHARLES F. GILLETTE

page 117

CARRÈRE & HASTINGS

page 49

JACQUES AUGUSTE HENRI GRÉBER

page 119

NOEL CHAMBERLIN

page 68

JAMES L. GREENLEAF

page 121

OGDEN CODMAN

page 69

JOHN J. HANDRAHAN

page 129

MARIAN COFFIN

page 71

HARE & HARE

page 130

FREDRICK A. DAVIS JR.

page 81

THOMAS HASTINGS

page 132

RUTH DEAN

page 82

M. H. HORVATH

page 133

5

AMERICAN GARDENS

6

1890–1930

LOUISE HUBBARD

page 135

OLMSTED, OLMSTED & ELIOT

page 196

H. H. HUNNEWELL

page 138

OLMSTED BROTHERS

page 202

INNOCENTI & WEBEL

page 140

SAMUEL PARSONS JR.

page 212

MRS. C. OLIVER ISELIN

page 144

CHARLES ADAMS PLATT

page 213

JENS JENSEN

page 146

JOHN RUSSELL POPE

page 230

KEEN & MEAD

page 149

BRUCE PRICE

page 235

DANIEL LANGTON

page 151

AUGUSTA AND AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS

page 241

CHARLES DOWNING LAY

page 155

RICHARD SCHERMERHORN JR.

page 243

CHARLES W. LEAVITT

page 160

THOMAS SEARS

page 244

LEAVITT & ALDRICH

page 164

ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF

page 246

LEAVITT & CHAMBERLIN

page 167

JACOB JOHN SPOON

page 249

LEWIS & VALENTINE

page 172

FLETCHER STEELE

page 250

HARRIE T. LINDEBERG

page 173

ELIZABETH LEONARD STRANG

page 253

LITTLE & BROWNE

page 175

VITALE & GEIFFERT

page 255

WARREN MANNING

page 177

WARREN & WETMORE

page 260

MELLOR, MEIGS & HOWE

page 180

STANFORD WHITE

page 263

MORELL & NICHOLS

page 185

Landscape Architect Biographies

page 272

ROSE STANDISH NICHOLS

page 187

Selected Bibliography

page 291

FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED & CO.

page 188

Index

page 293

From 1890 to 1930, American landscape architecture flourished as an independent discipline concurrent with its long-established counterpart, building architecture. To recognize the alliance between these two design professions, Acanthus Press is publishing three volumes on American residential garden architecture to parallel its series on Urban and Suburban Domestic Architecture of the Great House era.

7

Introduction

ANDREW JACKSON DOWNING (1815–1852) was the first American-born landscape architect, and his Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America; with a View to the Improvement of Country Residences was an influential exploration of American solutions to garden design. Published in 1841, the Treatise went into eight editions. By 1890, America’s love of gardening and all things natural—lying beyond the controlling and, by implication, corrupting forces of civilization—was in full bloom. Incorporating not only romantic ideas of the good domestic life but beliefs in the social benefits that nature could bring to an increasingly industrialized society, theorists, critics, and designers seized on gardens and the activity of gardening as beneficial to the physical and moral health of the nation. Landscape design became firmly allied with the architectural planning of both private properties and expanded city plans, most notably in the pioneering work of Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903). His farsighted orchestration of large spaces that evoked profound visual and psychological experiences defined a uniquely American landscape design that sought to enhance urban living.

Turn-of-the-century cultural and economic forces coalesced to bring the moral benefits of gardening to the lives of many Americans. In the 1870s and 1880s, suburbanization of the immediate outlying countryside of American cities began in earnest. With the overall rise in living standards brought on

9

KEY TO THE CAPTIONS

Name of landscape architect or firm appears at the tops of pages.

Caption information (when known) is listed below photographs in the following order : ESTATE NAME, NAME OF CLIENT, LOCATION, HOUSE ARCHITECT, Name of Garden View or Plan

18

ALBRO & LINDEBERG

ESTATE OF DR. F. K. HOLLISTER

EAST HAMPTON, NEW YORK ALBRO & LINDEBERG

Garden Facade 21

N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T

“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE 26

STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

STANFORD WHITE

Garden Facade

N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T

“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE

STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

STANFORD WHITE

Along the Terrace 27

HAROLD HILL BLOSSOM

ESTATE OF GEORGE BRAMWELL BAKER

CHESTNUT HILL, MASSACHUSETTS

Grass Walk 29

B E AT R I X J O N E S F A R R A N D

“ELMHURST” WILLARD D. STRAIGHT 104

OLD WESTBURY, NEW YORK

DELANO & ALDRICH

Left: Garden Gate; Right: Garden Wall

ANNETTE HOYT FLANDERS

“LILYPOND” WILLIAM SIMONDS

SOUTHAMPTON, NEW YORK

BRUCE PRICE

View from Terrace to Pool 105

B RYA N T F L E M I N G

ESTATE OF B. E. TAYLOR 108

GROSSE POINTE, MICHIGAN

CHITTENDEN & KOTTING

Tea House Entrance

CLARENCE FOWLER

“MEUDON” W. D. GUTHRIE

LOCUST VALLEY, NEW YORK

C. P. H. GILBERT

Aerial View 109

ROBERT FOWLER JR.

ESTATE OF GEORGE M. MOFFETT

ROSLYN, NEW YORK

MOTT SCHMIDT

Two Views of the Garden with Outbuildings 111

I S A B E L L A S T E WA R T G A R D N E R

“GREEN HILL” ISABELLA STEWART GARDNER 114

BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS

J.R. COOLIDGE JR. Garden Seat

C H A R L E S F. G I L L E T T E

ESTATE OF THOMAS JEFFRESS 118

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA

The Four Seasons Garden

JACQUES AUGUSTE HENRI GRÉBER

“WHITEMARSH HALL” EDWARD T. STOTESBURY WYNDMOOR, PENNSYLVANIA

HORACE TRUMBAUER

Upper Terrace and Garden Facade 119

JAMES L. GREENLEAF

“THE BRAES” HERBERT L. PRATT 126

GLEN COVE, NEW YORK

JAMES BRITE

Left: Entrance Drive; Right: Sunken Garden

MORELL & NICHOLS

“NORTHOME” RUSSELL M. BENNETT 186

LAKE MINNETONKA, MINNESOTA

Formal Garden

R O S E S TA N D I S H N I C H O L S

“HOUSE OF THE FOUR WINDS” HUGH J. McBIRNEY

LAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS

HOWARD VAN DOREN SHAW

Left: Plan; Right: Water Garden 187

F R E D E R I C K L AW O L M S T E D & C O .

“AULDWOOD” JOSEPH C. HOAGLAND

SEA BRIGHT, NEW JERSEY

SHEPLEY, RUTAN & COOLIDGE

Garden Path 189

O L M S T E D, O L M S T E D & E L I O T

“WOODLEA” ELLIOTT SHEPARD 196

SCARBOROUGH, NEW YORK

McKIM, MEAD & WHITE

House from Garden Fountain

OLMSTED BROTHERS

“ORMSTON” JOHN E. ALDRED

LATTINGTOWN, NEW YORK

BERTRAM G. GOODHUE

Plan 203

C H A R L E S A D A M S P L AT T

ESTATE OF CHARLES ADAMS PLATT 218

CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE

CHARLES ADAMS PLATT

Front Stair

C H A R L E S A D A M S P L AT T

ESTATE OF CHARLES ADAMS PLATT

CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE

CHARLES ADAMS PLATT

Two Views of the Garden 219

BRUCE PRICE

“GEORGIAN COURT” GEORGE JAY GOULD 236

LAKEWOOD, NEW JERSEY

BRUCE PRICE

Bridge and Basin

BRUCE PRICE

“GEORGIAN COURT” GEORGE JAY GOULD

LAKEWOOD, NEW JERSEY

BRUCE PRICE

Terrace and Fountain 237

A U G U S TA A N D A U G U S T U S S A I N T- G A U D E N S

“ASPET” AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS 242

CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE

Left: Seat in the Lily Garden; Right: Lily Garden

RICHARD SCHERMERHORN JR.

ESTATE OF WALTER WATSON

ROSLYN, NEW YORK

Terrace 243

THOMAS SEARS

“REYNOLDA” 244

MRS. R. J. REYNOLDS WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA

CHARLES BARTON KEEN

Walk to Forecourt

ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF

“CASTLE HILL” R. T. CRANE

IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS

PEABODY & STEARNS

Grand Allée 247

ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF

“CASTLE HILL” R. T. CRANE 248

IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS

PEABODY & STEARNS

Rose Garden

JACOB JOHN SPOON

ESTATE OF S. FULLERTON WEAVER

EAST HAMPTON, NEW YORK

SCHULTZE & WEAVER

Swimming Pool 249

FLETCHER STEELE

“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE

STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

STANFORD WHITE

Afternoon Garden 251

ELIZABETH LEONARD STRANG

ESTATE OF JOHN T. HOLLIS

HINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

Garden Walk and Stone Gates 253

V I TA L E & G E I F F E R T

ESTATE OF LANDON K. THORNE 256

BAY SHORE, NEW YORK WILLIAM F. DOMINICK

Boat Landing

S TA N F O R D W H I T E

“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE

ST. JAMES, NEW YORK

M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE

Driveway 269

S TA N F O R D W H I T E

“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE 270

ST. JAMES, NEW YORK

M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE

Garden View

S TA N F O R D W H I T E

“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE

ST. JAMES, NEW YORK

M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE

Pergola 271

Landscape Architect Biographies ALBRO & LINDEBERG

been founded by another woman pioneer in landscape design, Mrs. Edward

Lewis Colt Albro (1876–1924) and Harrie T. Lindeberg (1879–1959) were

G. Low. Babcock’s works included the president’s garden at MIT, the land-

both trained in the offices of McKim, Mead & White prior to opening their

scaping of Boston’s Arlington Street Church, and sections of the Wellesley

own architectural office in 1906, and they remained partners until 1914. The

and Bates college campuses. At the time of her death, she was a member of

firm of Albro & Lindeberg specialized in domestic architecture; their James

President Hoover’s Conference on Home Building and Ownership.

Stillman residence at Pocantico Hills, New York, and Foxhollow Farm at Rhinebeck, New York, established them as masters of country house design.

N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T

Following the dissolution of the firm, both Albro and Lindeberg practiced

A Civil War veteran, Nathan Barrett (1845–1919) received his initial instruc-

independently. Albro produced works that were generally more classically

tion in landscape design from the Irish itinerant gardener on his father’s

inspired, and Lindeberg creating designs that were distinctly romantic in

estate. As a result of early work on suburban station grounds for the New

nature, even slightly idiosyncratic with their deftly handled yet disparate

Jersey Central Railroad, he became associated with George Pullman and

design elements. The landscape design of the former partners’ various sepa-

architect S. S. Beman in the creation of Pullman, Illinois, the nation’s first

rate projects further illustrates these opposing approaches.

planned industrial community. Subsequent town planning projects by Barrett included those for Chevy Chase, Maryland; Fort Worth, Texas; Birmingham,

CHESTER H. ALDRICH

Alabama; and Rochelle Park at New Rochelle, New York. Barrett also served

See Delano & Aldrich

as landscape architect for the Essex County (New Jersey) Park Commission and the Palisades Interstate Parkway Commission for New Jersey and New

MABEL KEYES BABCOCK

York. Among his numerous residential works were commissions for the P. A.

Author, educator, and landscape architect, Mabel Keyes Babcock (1861–1931)

B. Widener estate in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania; H. O. Havemeyer’s property

received an M.S. from MIT in 1909 and practiced primarily in Boston and its

at Islip, New York; and the Stockbridge, Massachusetts, summer house of

suburbs. She taught horticulture and landscape design at Wellesley College

Joseph H. Choate. Barrett was a founder and early president of the American

from 1910 to 1914 and in 1918 was director of landscape at the Lowthorpe

Society of Landscape Architects.

School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture for Women, which had

272

Selected Bibliography

Writings by Architects and Landscape Designers Blossom, Harold Hill. The Landscape Beautiful. Boston: Brown, Derby, 1923.

Bush-Brown, James, and Louise Bush-Brown. America’s Garden. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1939.

———. Portraits of Philadelphia Gardens. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1929.

Coffin, Marian Cruger. Trees and Shrubs for Landscape Effects. New York: Scribners, 1940.

Dean, Ruth Bramley. The Livable House: Its Garden. Vol. 2 of The Livable House, ed. Aymar Embury II. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1917.

Downing, Andrew Jackson. A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening as Adapted to North America. New York: A. O. Moore, 1841.

Eliot, Charles William. Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1902.

Elwood, Philip Homer, Jr. American Landscape Architecture. New York: Architectural Book Publishing, 1924.

Gréber, Jacques. L’Architecture aux Etats-Unis. Two volumes. Paris: Payot, 1920.

Innocenti & Webel. Selected Projects by Innocenti & Webel. Greenvale, New York: Innocenti & Webel, n.d.

Jensen, Jens. The Clearing: A Way of Life. Chicago: R. F. Seymour, c. 1949.

———. Siftings. Chicago: R. F. Seymour, c. 1939.

Lowell, Guy, ed. American Gardens. Boston: Bates and Guild, 1902.

Nichols, Rose Standish. English Pleasure Gardens. New York: Macmillan, 1902.

———. Italian Pleasure Gardens. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1931.

———. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1924.

290

Parsons, Samuel, Jr. The Art of Landscape Architecture. New York: Knickerbocker Press/G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915.

Platt, Charles Adams, Italian Gardens. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1894.

Root, Ralph Rodney. Design in Landscape Gardening. New York: Century, 1914.

Steele, Fletcher. Design in the Little Garden. The Little Garden, ed. Mrs. Francis King. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1924.

Wharton, Edith. Italian Villas and Their Gardens. New York: Century Company, 1904.

Monographs Beveridge, Charles E., and Paul Rocheleau. Frederick Law Olmsted: Designing the American Landscape. New York: Rizzoli, 1995.

Brown, Jane. Beatrix: The Gardening Life of Beatrix Jones Farrand, 1872–1959. New York: Viking, 1995.

Cortissoz, Royal. The Architecture of Charles Adams Platt. New York: Acanthus Press, 1998.

Cortissoz, Royal. Domestic Architecture of H. T. Lindeberg. Foreword by Robert A.M. Stern. New York: Acanthus Press, 1996.

Garrison, James B. Mastering Tradition: The Residential Architecture of John Russell Pope. New York: Acanthus Press, 2004.

Grese, Robert E. Jens Jensen: Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens.

Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Hewitt, Mark Alan, Kate Lemos, William Morrison, and Charles D. Warren.

The Architecture of Carrère & Hastings. New York: Acanthus Press, 2006.

Hilderbrand, Gary R. Making a Landscape of Continuity: The Practice of

Index

Adams, Edward Dean, 24, 25 Adams, Henry, 278 Adler, David, 135–137, 280, 284 Albro, Lewis Colt, 272 Albro & Lindeberg, 20–23, 272 Aldred, John E., 202, 203 Aldrich, Chester H., 272, 276 Aldrich, Winthrop W., 278 Allen, Ethan, 250 Allen, George Marshall, 45, 46 All View, 144, 145 Allways, 158 Allyn, S. C., 88 Anderson, Lars, 213, 214 Annandale Farm, 260–262 Ashford, 100, 101 Aspet, 241, 242 Auldwood, 188–192 Avalon, 85–87 Babcock, Mabel Keyes, 272 Bagatelle, 132 Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 277 Baker, George Bramwell, 29 Bancroft, Hugh, 48 Barrell, Finley, 177, 178 Barrett, Nathan Franklin, 24–28, 272 Bartram, J. Percy, 155 Bassick, Edgar, 71 Baum, Dwight James, 88 Bayberryland, 76–78 Beacon Hill House, 207–209 Bellefontaine, 58–62 Benedict, Elias C., 49–52

292

Bennett, Russell M., 185, 186 Berg, Charles I., 45, 46 Berwind, Edward J., 42, 43 Biltmore, 195 Black Point, 210, 211 Blair, C. Ledyard, 121 Blairsden, 121 Blossom, Harold Hill, 29–31, 273 Borie, Charles L., 90–93 Bosworth, William Welles, 32–39, 273 Bosworth & Leavitt, 40, 41 Bowditch, Ernest W., 42, 43, 273 Box Hill, 268–271 The Braes, 125–127 Brandywine Farm, 149, 150 Breese, James Lawrence, 263–265 Brewster, Robert S., 85–87 Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 277 Barrett, Nathan F., 283 Beman, S. S., 272 Bennett, Russell M., 284 Berenson, Bernard, 278 Blair, C. Ledyard, 279 Bliss, Walter P., 278 Bodine, Samuel, 288 Bosworth, Welles, 282 Brinckerhof, Arthur F., 44, 273–274, 288 Brinley & Holbrook, 45, 46, 274 Brite, James, 125–127 Brokaw, Irving, 72 Brown, Donaldson, 68 Brown, Mrs. John Nicholas, 30 Browne, Herbert W. C., 282

Brush, George Deforest, 286 Bryce, Lloyd, 73, 74 Bryce House, 73, 74 Burden, Arthur S., 172 Burrill, Middleton S., 230 Burrwood, 62–64 Burden, J. A., 276 Busch, August and Adolphus, 283 Bush-Brown, James, 47, 274 Bush-Brown, Louise, 274 Caldwell, Lawrence S., 48 Campagna, Anthony, 288 Caritas Island, 155 Carlisle, J. F., 257, 258 Carr, Clyde, 179 Carrère, John Merven, 274 Carrère & Hastings, 49–67, 121, 132, 273, 274 Castle Hill, 204, 205, 246–248 Cedar Court, 65–67 Chamberlin, Noel, 68, 274–275 Cherrywood, 259 Chetwode, 232–234 Chittenden & Kotting, 107, 108 Choate, Joseph H., 26–28, 251, 272, 288 Clark, Emory W., 129 Codman, Ogden, 69, 70, 73, 74, 275 Coe, William R., 285 Coffin, Marian, 11, 71–80, 275 Congdon, Chester, 284 Connecticut Belle Haven, 100, 101 Bridgeport, 71

Greenwich, 49–52, 122–124 New Haven, 81 Ridgefield, 159 Sachems Head, 44 Stamford, 155 Cook, Wilbur D. Jr., 283 Copeland, Robert M., 273 Cox, Allen H., 284 Cox, Kenyon, 284, 286 Cram, Ralph Adams, 30 Crane, Richard T. Jr, 285 Crane, R. T., 204, 205, 246–248 Cret, Paul, 287 Croft, H. W., 122–124 Croly, Herbert, 215, 216 Cromwell, Frederick, 53–55 Cross & Cross, 76–78 Davis, Arthur V., 255 Davis, Frederick A. Jr., 81 Day, Frank Miles, 281 Dean, Ruth Bramley, 82, 275 Delano, William Adams, 275–276 Delano & Aldrich, 83–87, 102–104, 164–166, 275–276, 278 Delaware, Wilmington, 56, 79, 80 de Wolfe, Elsie, 278 Dill, Malcolm Howard, 88 Dixon, Fitz Eugene, 206 Dodge, John F., 282 Dolobran, 47 Dominick, William F., 256 Downing, Andrew Jackson, 9, 285 Drumthwacket, 151–153

INDEX

DuPont, Alfred I., 56, 288 DuPont, Henry Francis, 275 DuPont, Pierre, 288 Duke, James B., 279 Duryea, Herman B., 57

Frick, Childs, 275, 280 Frommann & Jebsen, 146 Frost Mill Lodge, 72 Fulton, Kent, 44 Furness & Evans, 47

Eliot, Charles, 276, 283, 285, 287 Ellery, William, 31 Ellis Court, 53–55 Elmhurst, 104 The Elms, 42, 43 Elwood, Philip Homer Jr., 12, 13, 89, 275, 276 Elwood & Frye, 276 Embury, Aymar II, 275 European influence, 14 Eyre, Wilson, 90–101, 276–277, 287 Eyre & McIlvaine, 277

Gallowhur, William C., 160 Galzier & Brooks, 44 Garden Club of America, 11 Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 113–116, 278 Gardner, John L. Jr., 278 Gardner, John L. Sr., 278 Geiffert, Alfred Jr., 280, 288 Georgian Court, 235–240 Gibraltar, 79, 80 Gilbert, Bradford, 151–153 Gilbert, C. P. H., 109, 274 Gillette, Charles Freeman, 117, 118, 278, 283 Glenallen, 133 Glynallen, 45, 46 Goodhue, Bertram G., 202, 203 Goodwin, Philip Lippincott, 140–143 Gould, George Jay, 235–240, 286 Grahampton, 122–124 Gray, Asa, 280 Gréber, Henri, 279 Gréber, Jacques Auguste Henri, 119, 120, 279, 283 Green Hill, 113–116 Greenleaf, James L., 121–128, 279, 280 Greystone, 40, 41 Griscom, Frances C., 44 Guggenheim, Isaac and Solomon, 288 Guthrie, W. D., 109

Fahnestock, Ernest, 20 Fairacres, 94–99 Farrand, Beatrix Jones, 10–11, 102–104, 276, 277 Faulkner Farm, 222–229 Ferree, Barr, 12, 13 Field, Marshall, 275 Finley Barrell House, 8 Flanders, Annette Hoyt, 105, 106, 276, 277 Fleming, Bryant, 107, 108, 277–278 Ford, Edsel, 281 Ford, Henry, 281 Foster, Giraud, 58–62 Fowler, Clarence, 109, 110, 278 Fowler, Robert Ludlow Jr., 111, 112, 278 Frederick Law Olmsted & Co., 188–195, 285–286 Freylinghuysen, Frederick, 75

Hall, Winfield, 274 Handrahan, John J., 129

Harbour Court, 30 Hare, S. Herbert, 279 Hare, Sidney J., 279 Hare & Hare, 130, 131, 279 Harrison, Mertz & Emlen, 283 Haskell, J. Amory, 161–163 Hastings, Thomas, 132, 274, 279 Havemeyer, H.O., 272 Havenwood, 147, 148 The Hedges, 160 Higgins, Charles, 85–87 Hiss & Weekes, 212 Hoagland, Joseph C., 188–192 Hollis, John T., 253 Hollister, F. K., 21 Hopedene, 69, 70 Horvath, M. H., 133, 134, 280 House of the Four Winds, 187 Howe, George, 283 Howells & Stokes, 207–209 Hubbard, Louise, 135–137, 280 Hunnewell, Horatio Hollis, 138, 139, 280 Hunt, Richard Morris, 195, 273 Hutton, Edward F., 275 Illinois Glencoe, 146 Lake Forest, 135–137, 140–143, 147, 148, 177–179, 187, 217 Immergrun, 167–171 Indian Harbor, 49–52, 68 Indianola, 146 Innocenti, Umberto, 280 Innocenti & Webel, 140–143, 280 Iselin, Mrs. C. Oliver, 144, 145 James, Arthur Curtiss, 207–209

James, Henry, 278 Janssen, Benno, 122–124 Jeffress, Thomas, 117, 118 Jennings, Walter, 62–64, 285 Jensen, Jens, 146–148, 275, 280–281 Jericho Farms, 230 J. H. Revely House, 130 Jouffroy, François, 286 Judah, Noble B., 140–143 Kahn, Albert, 281 Kahn, Otto, 65–67, 102, 103, 276 Keeler, Lucy Eliot, 280 Keen, Charles Barton, 244, 245, 281, 287 Keen & Mead, 149, 150, 281 Keene, Foxhall, 282 Kerr, Thomas H., 22 Kessler, George, 279 Kinney, Warren C., 82 Knole, 57 Kykuit, 32–39 Langton, Daniel W., 151–154, 281 Lasker, Albert D., 135–137, 280 Lay, Charles Downing, 155–159, 281 Leavitt, Charles Wellford, 160–163, 167–171, 273, 274, 276, 282 Leavitt, Charles Jr., 284 Leavitt & Aldrich, 164–166 Leavitt & Chamberlin, 167–171 Lewis & Valentine, 172, 282 Lilypond, 105, 106 Lindeberg, Harrie T., 173, 174, 179, 272, 282 Little, Arthur, 282 Little & Browne, 175, 176, 222–229, 282–283 Longest, George C., 279 Lorillard, Pierre, 286

293

AMERICAN GARDENS

Low, Mrs. Edward G., 272 Lowell, Guy, 12, 13, 255, 275 Lowrie, Charles N., 281 Ludlow, M. M., 275 Mabee, George, 81 Mackay, Clarence H., 279 Manning, Warren Henry, 8, 177–179, 277, 278, 283, 287 Manship, Paul, 278, 286 Massachusetts Beverly, 175, 176 Brookline, 31, 113–116, 213, 214, 222–229 Chestnut Hill, 29 Cohasset, 48 Hingham, 253 Ipswich, 204, 205, 246–248 Lenox, 26–28, 58–62, 251 North Andover, 250 Pittsfield, 156, 157 Three Rivers, 89 Wellesley, 138, 139 Wenham, 173, 174 Mather, Charles E., 149, 150 Mather, William G., 283 McBirney, Hugh J., 187 McCann, Charles E. F., 277 McCormick, Cyrus and Harriet, 283 McCormick, Harold, 217 McCracken, R. T., 180 McIlhenny, Francis S., 181, 182 McIlvaine, John G., 277 McKim, Charles H., 283 McKim, Mead & White, 24, 25, 193, 194, 196–201, 263–265, 268–271, 272, 278, 283 Mead, Frank, 281

294

Mead, William Rutherford, 283 Meigs, Arthur I., 283 Meigs, Mrs. Arthur V., 183, 184 Mellor, Walter, 283 Mellor, Meigs & Howe, 180–184, 283 Meudon, 109 Michigan, Grosse Pointe, 107, 108 Mill Road Farm, 135–137 Miller, Ruby Boyer, 173, 174 Minnesota, Lake Minnetonka, 185, 186 Missouri, Kansas City, 130, 131 Moffett, George M., 111 Montgomery, Robert H, 274 Moore, Benjamin, 288 Morell, Anthony Urbanski, 284 Morell & Nichols, 185, 186, 284 Naumkeag, 26–28, 251 Nemours, 56 New Hampshire Cornish, 19, 215, 216, 218, 219, 241, 242 Petersborough, 254 New Jersey Bernardsville, 53–55, 154 Convent, 45, 46 Elberon, 75 Lakewood, 235–240 Morristown, 65–67, 82 Peapack, 121 Princeton, 151–153 Red Bank, 161–163, 231 Sea Bright, 24, 25, 128, 188–192 Shrewsbury, 20 New York Ardsley, 68 Bay Shore, 256

1890–1930

Canandaigua, 129 Cold Spring Harbor, 62–64, 102, 103 East Hampton, 21, 249 Glen Cove, 125–127 Islip, 257, 258 Jericho, 172, 230 Katonah, 112 Lattingtown, 202, 203 Locust Valley, 109, 259 Mill Neck, 72, 83, 84, 255 Mt. Kisco, 85–87, 260–262 New Rochelle, 110, 144, 145 Old Westbury, 104, 132 Oyster Bay, 158 Pocantico Hills, 23, 32–39 Purchase, 193, 194 Roslyn, 73, 74, 111, 164–166, 243 Scarborough, 196–201 Scarsdale, 160 Southampton, 76–78, 105, 106, 210, 211, 263–265 St. James, 268–271 Tuxedo, 266, 267 Westbury, Long Island, 57 White Plains, 22 Yonkers, 40, 41 Nichols, Arthur Richardson, 284 Nichols, J. C., 279 Nichols, Rose Standish, 187, 284 Niernsee & Neilson, 286 North Carolina Asheville, 195 Winston-Salem, 244, 245 Northome, 185, 186 nurseries, 11 Oak Hill Farm, 161–163

Oak Knoll, 83, 84 O’Connor, James W., 259 Oheka, 102, 103 Ohio Cleveland Heights, 133, 134 Dayton, 88 Olmsted Brothers, 202–211, 276, 284–285, 286 Olmsted, Frederick Law Jr., 9, 273, 285, 287 Olmsted, Frederick Law Sr., 283, 284 Olmsted, Frederick Law, & Co., 188–195, 284–285 Olmsted, John Charles, 285 Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, 196–201, 284–285 Ophir Farm, 193, 194 The Orchard, 263–265 Ormston, 202, 203 Orr, Douglass, 81 Otis, Harrison Grey, 282 Pabst, Gustave, 283 Paepcke, Hermann, 146 Parker, George S., 254 Parrish, Maxfield, 286 Parsons, Samuel Jr., 212, 285, 288 Patterson, Augusta Owen, 12 Paul, Oglesby, 283 Peabody & Stearns, 69, 70, 204, 205, 246–248, 273, 282 The Peak, 183, 184 Penguin Hall, 173, 174 Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr, 220, 221 Chestnut Hill, 180–182 Elkins Park, 206 Haverford, 47 Jenkintown, 94–99

INDEX

Lenape, 149, 150 Loretto, 167–171 Radnor, 183, 184 Rydal, 90–93 Sewickley, 212 Wyndmoor, 119, 120 Pentecost, George F. Jr., 288 Pepper, John W., 94–99 Phipps, Howard K., 280 Platt, Charles Adams, 15, 213–229, 283, 284, 285, 286 Poor, Henry W., 266, 267 Pope, John Russell, 172, 230–234, 286 Post, George B., 282 Post, Marjorie Meriweather, 275 Power, Charles W., 156, 157 Pratt, George D., 279 Pratt, Herbert L., 125–127 Prentiss, Mrs. F. F., 133 Price, Bruce, 105, 106, 235–240, 286 Pullman, George, 272 Pyne, Moses T., 151–153 Randall, T. Henry, 266, 267 Rea, Henry R., 212 Reid, Whitelaw, 193, 194 Revely, J. H., 130 Reynolda, 244, 245 Reynolds, R. J., 287 Reynolds, Mrs. R. J., 244, 245 Rhode Island Newport, 30, 42, 43, 69, 70, 207–209, 232–234 Rockefeller, John D., 32–39, 273, 277 Rogers, H. H., 210, 211 Rohallion, 24, 25 Ronaele Manor, 206 Rosemary, 257, 258

Rosenwald, Julius, 281 Ryerson, Edward, 147, 148 Sabin, Charles H., 76–78, 275 Saint-Gaudens, Augusta and Augustus, 241, 242, 284, 286 Saint-Gaudens, Louis, 286 Sargent, Charles Sprague, 277 Sargent, John Singer, 278 Schermerhorn, Richard J. Jr., 243, 286–287 Schiff, Jacob, 128 Schley, Grant, 275 Schmidt, Mott, 111, 278 Schultze & Weaver, 249 Schwab, Charles M., 167–171, 282 Scott, Rufus W., 274 Sears, Thomas W., 244, 245, 283, 287 Severance, J. L., 134 Shadow Brook, 20 Sharp, H. Rodney, 79, 80, 275 Shaw, Howard Van Doren, 8, 147, 148, 177, 178, 187, 284 Shaw, Richard Norman, 276 Shepard, Elliott, 196–201 Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, 188–192 Shipman, Ellen, 10–11, 286, 288 Shurtleff (Shurcliff), Arthur A., 246–248, 287 Simonds, William, 105, 106 Simpson, R. H., 158 Sims, James Peacock, 276 Slater, E. H. G., 69, 70 Smith, W. Hinkle, 220, 221 Spoon, Jacob John, 249 Sprague, Charles F., 222–229, 285 Squier, Frank, 100, 101 Steele, Fletcher, 250–252, 283, 287

Stein, Clarence, 289 St. George, George, 278 Stillman, James A., 23, 272 Stoddard, Robert, 288 Storer, A. S., 159 Stotesbury, Edward T., 119, 120, 279 Stout, Andrew, 231 Straight, Willard D., 104, 277 Strang, Elizabeth Leonard, 253, 254, 288 Stratton, Sidney, 144, 145 Stuyvesant, Paul, 278 Sullivan, Louis, 281 Tanner, Edward, 130 Tatham, Edwin, 112 Taylor, A. D., 283 Taylor, B. E., 107, 108 Taylor, Moses, 260–262, 289 Taylor, Myron C., 289 Tenney, Charles H., 287 Thorne, Landon K., 280 Townsend, Frederick, 277 Thorne, Landon K., 256 Timberline, 220, 221 Trowbridge & Ackerman, 257, 258 Trumbauer, Horace, 42, 43, 72, 119, 120, 206, 232–234, 273, 279, 287 Untermyer, Samuel, 40, 41 Upham, I., 89 Van Alen, J. J., 275 Vanderbilt, Frederick W., 279 Vanderbilt, George W., 195, 284 Vanderbilt, William K. Jr., 289 Vanlaningham, O. L., 131 Vaux, Calvert, 285 Vietor, John, 259 Villa Turicum, 217

Virginia, Richmond, 117, 118 Vitale, Ferruccio, 273, 276, 278, 280, 286, 288 Vitale & Geiffert, 255–259, 288–289 Walker & Gillette, 210, 211 Warren, Whitney, 289 Warren & Wetmore, 260–262, 289 Washington, Mary, 278 Watson, Walter, 243 Weaver, S. Fullerton, 249 Webb, Philip, 276 Webel Richard K., 280 Weed, Spencer, 278 The Weld, 213, 214 Wells, W. Storrs, 232–234 Wetmore, Charles, 289 Wharton, Edith, 275, 277 White, Stanford, 26–28, 251, 263–271, 283, 289 White Wings, 75 Whitemarsh Hall, 119, 120 Whitney, Charlotte, 288 Whitney, Gertrude Vanderbilt, 164–166, 276 Whitney, John Hay, 274 Widener, Joseph E., 279 Widener, P.A. B., 272 Wildwood, 179 Wilputte, L., 110 Woodland, 266, 267 Woodlea, 196–201 Woodward, J., 283 Woolworth, F. W., 274 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 277, 281 Work, Bertram G., 83, 84, 276

295