NORTHEAST, MID-ATLANTIC, AND MIDWEST REGIONS
AMERICAN GARDENS 1890–1930 EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY SAM WATTER S
ACANTHUS PRESS
NORTHEAST, MID-ATLANTIC, AND MIDWEST REGIONS
AMERICAN GARDENS 1890–1930 EDITED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY SAM WATTERS
ACANTHUS PRESS NEW YORK : 2006
AC A N T H U S P R E S S, L L C
PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS
48 WEST 22ND STREET NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10010 W W W. A C A N T H U S P R E S S . C O M 2 1 2 –4 1 4 –0 1 0 8
Photographs are courtesy of and used by permission of the following (all rights reserved): pages 134, 177 Lake Forest-Lake Bluff Historical Society; 135, 148 Art Institute of Chicago, Historic Architecture and Landscape Image Collection, Ryerson and Burnham Archives; 136–137 Chicago Historical Society (Hedrich Blessing); 140–143 Lake Forest Preservation Foundation; 146–147 Glencoe Historical Society; 178 Architectural Record; 204, 247, 248, 251 The Trustees of Reservations; and 205 Frederic Law Olmsted National Historic Site.
©2006, SAM WATTERS Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify the owners of copyright. Errors of omission will be corrected in subsequent printings of this work. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in any part (except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publisher. COPYRIGHT
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American gardens, 1890–1930 : Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest / edited and with an introduction by Sam Watters. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-926494-43-0 (alk. paper) 1. Gardens—Northeastern States—Pictorial works. 2. Gardens— Middle Atlantic States—Pictorial works. 3. Gardens—Middle West— Pictorial works. I. Watters, Sam, 1954– SB466.U65N7521 2006 712.0973—dc22 2006013759
COVER : Garden View, studio of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney; Leavitt & Aldrich, landscape architects; Delano & Aldrich, architects FRONTISPIECE :
Garden from the Terrace, “Naumkeag”; Nathan Franklin Barrett, landscape architect; Stanford White, architect
BACK COVER:
View to the Garden, Estate of Herbert Croly; Charles Adams Platt, architect and landscape architect
BARRY CENOWER , PUBLISHER POLLY FRANCHINI , DESIGNER
PRINTED IN CHINA
Contents
Introduction
page 7
DELANO & ALDRICH
page 83
ANONYMOUS
page 19
DELANO & ALDRICH AND CHARLES HIGGINS
page 85
ALBRO & LINDEBERG
page 20
MALCOLM HOWARD DILL
page 88
NATHAN FRANKLIN BARRETT
page 24
PHILIP H. ELWOOD JR.
page 89
HAROLD HILL BLOSSOM
page 29
WILSON EYRE
page 90
WELLES BOSWORTH
page 32
BEATRIX JONES FARRAND
page 102
BOSWORTH & LEAVITT
page 40
ANNETTE HOYT FLANDERS
page 105
ERNEST W. BOWDITCH
page 42
BRYANT FLEMING
page 107
A. F. BRINCKERHOFF
page 44
CLARENCE FOWLER
page 109
BRINLEY & HOLBROOK
page 45
ROBERT FOWLER JR.
page 111
JAMES BUSH-BROWN
page 47
ISABELLA STEWART GARDNER
page 113
LAWRENCE S. CALDWELL
page 48
CHARLES F. GILLETTE
page 117
CARRÈRE & HASTINGS
page 49
JACQUES AUGUSTE HENRI GRÉBER
page 119
NOEL CHAMBERLIN
page 68
JAMES L. GREENLEAF
page 121
OGDEN CODMAN
page 69
JOHN J. HANDRAHAN
page 129
MARIAN COFFIN
page 71
HARE & HARE
page 130
FREDRICK A. DAVIS JR.
page 81
THOMAS HASTINGS
page 132
RUTH DEAN
page 82
M. H. HORVATH
page 133
5
AMERICAN GARDENS
6
1890–1930
LOUISE HUBBARD
page 135
OLMSTED, OLMSTED & ELIOT
page 196
H. H. HUNNEWELL
page 138
OLMSTED BROTHERS
page 202
INNOCENTI & WEBEL
page 140
SAMUEL PARSONS JR.
page 212
MRS. C. OLIVER ISELIN
page 144
CHARLES ADAMS PLATT
page 213
JENS JENSEN
page 146
JOHN RUSSELL POPE
page 230
KEEN & MEAD
page 149
BRUCE PRICE
page 235
DANIEL LANGTON
page 151
AUGUSTA AND AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS
page 241
CHARLES DOWNING LAY
page 155
RICHARD SCHERMERHORN JR.
page 243
CHARLES W. LEAVITT
page 160
THOMAS SEARS
page 244
LEAVITT & ALDRICH
page 164
ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF
page 246
LEAVITT & CHAMBERLIN
page 167
JACOB JOHN SPOON
page 249
LEWIS & VALENTINE
page 172
FLETCHER STEELE
page 250
HARRIE T. LINDEBERG
page 173
ELIZABETH LEONARD STRANG
page 253
LITTLE & BROWNE
page 175
VITALE & GEIFFERT
page 255
WARREN MANNING
page 177
WARREN & WETMORE
page 260
MELLOR, MEIGS & HOWE
page 180
STANFORD WHITE
page 263
MORELL & NICHOLS
page 185
Landscape Architect Biographies
page 272
ROSE STANDISH NICHOLS
page 187
Selected Bibliography
page 291
FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED & CO.
page 188
Index
page 293
From 1890 to 1930, American landscape architecture flourished as an independent discipline concurrent with its long-established counterpart, building architecture. To recognize the alliance between these two design professions, Acanthus Press is publishing three volumes on American residential garden architecture to parallel its series on Urban and Suburban Domestic Architecture of the Great House era.
7
Introduction
ANDREW JACKSON DOWNING (1815–1852) was the first American-born landscape architect, and his Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America; with a View to the Improvement of Country Residences was an influential exploration of American solutions to garden design. Published in 1841, the Treatise went into eight editions. By 1890, America’s love of gardening and all things natural—lying beyond the controlling and, by implication, corrupting forces of civilization—was in full bloom. Incorporating not only romantic ideas of the good domestic life but beliefs in the social benefits that nature could bring to an increasingly industrialized society, theorists, critics, and designers seized on gardens and the activity of gardening as beneficial to the physical and moral health of the nation. Landscape design became firmly allied with the architectural planning of both private properties and expanded city plans, most notably in the pioneering work of Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903). His farsighted orchestration of large spaces that evoked profound visual and psychological experiences defined a uniquely American landscape design that sought to enhance urban living. Turn-of-the-century cultural and economic forces coalesced to bring the moral benefits of gardening to the lives of many Americans. In the 1870s and 1880s, suburbanization of the immediate outlying countryside of American cities began in earnest. With the overall rise in living standards brought on
9
KEY TO THE CAPTIONS
Name of landscape architect or firm appears at the tops of pages. Caption information (when known) is listed below photographs in the following order : ESTATE NAME, NAME OF CLIENT, LOCATION, HOUSE ARCHITECT, Name of Garden View or Plan
18
ALBRO & LINDEBERG
ESTATE OF DR. F. K. HOLLISTER
EAST HAMPTON, NEW YORK ALBRO & LINDEBERG
Garden Facade 21
N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T
“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE 26
STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
STANFORD WHITE
Garden Facade
N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T
“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE
STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
STANFORD WHITE
Along the Terrace 27
HAROLD HILL BLOSSOM
ESTATE OF GEORGE BRAMWELL BAKER
CHESTNUT HILL, MASSACHUSETTS
Grass Walk 29
B E AT R I X J O N E S F A R R A N D
“ELMHURST” WILLARD D. STRAIGHT 104
OLD WESTBURY, NEW YORK
DELANO & ALDRICH
Left: Garden Gate; Right: Garden Wall
ANNETTE HOYT FLANDERS
“LILYPOND” WILLIAM SIMONDS
SOUTHAMPTON, NEW YORK
BRUCE PRICE
View from Terrace to Pool 105
B RYA N T F L E M I N G
ESTATE OF B. E. TAYLOR 108
GROSSE POINTE, MICHIGAN
CHITTENDEN & KOTTING
Tea House Entrance
CLARENCE FOWLER
“MEUDON” W. D. GUTHRIE
LOCUST VALLEY, NEW YORK
C. P. H. GILBERT
Aerial View 109
ROBERT FOWLER JR.
ESTATE OF GEORGE M. MOFFETT
ROSLYN, NEW YORK
MOTT SCHMIDT
Two Views of the Garden with Outbuildings 111
I S A B E L L A S T E WA R T G A R D N E R
“GREEN HILL” ISABELLA STEWART GARDNER 114
BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS
J.R. COOLIDGE JR. Garden Seat
C H A R L E S F. G I L L E T T E
ESTATE OF THOMAS JEFFRESS 118
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
The Four Seasons Garden
JACQUES AUGUSTE HENRI GRÉBER
“WHITEMARSH HALL” EDWARD T. STOTESBURY WYNDMOOR, PENNSYLVANIA
HORACE TRUMBAUER
Upper Terrace and Garden Facade 119
JAMES L. GREENLEAF
“THE BRAES” HERBERT L. PRATT 126
GLEN COVE, NEW YORK
JAMES BRITE
Left: Entrance Drive; Right: Sunken Garden
MORELL & NICHOLS
“NORTHOME” RUSSELL M. BENNETT 186
LAKE MINNETONKA, MINNESOTA
Formal Garden
R O S E S TA N D I S H N I C H O L S
“HOUSE OF THE FOUR WINDS” HUGH J. McBIRNEY
LAKE FOREST, ILLINOIS
HOWARD VAN DOREN SHAW
Left: Plan; Right: Water Garden 187
F R E D E R I C K L AW O L M S T E D & C O .
“AULDWOOD” JOSEPH C. HOAGLAND
SEA BRIGHT, NEW JERSEY
SHEPLEY, RUTAN & COOLIDGE
Garden Path 189
O L M S T E D, O L M S T E D & E L I O T
“WOODLEA” ELLIOTT SHEPARD 196
SCARBOROUGH, NEW YORK
McKIM, MEAD & WHITE
House from Garden Fountain
OLMSTED BROTHERS
“ORMSTON” JOHN E. ALDRED
LATTINGTOWN, NEW YORK
BERTRAM G. GOODHUE
Plan 203
C H A R L E S A D A M S P L AT T
ESTATE OF CHARLES ADAMS PLATT 218
CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE
CHARLES ADAMS PLATT
Front Stair
C H A R L E S A D A M S P L AT T
ESTATE OF CHARLES ADAMS PLATT
CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE
CHARLES ADAMS PLATT
Two Views of the Garden 219
BRUCE PRICE
“GEORGIAN COURT” GEORGE JAY GOULD 236
LAKEWOOD, NEW JERSEY
BRUCE PRICE
Bridge and Basin
BRUCE PRICE
“GEORGIAN COURT” GEORGE JAY GOULD
LAKEWOOD, NEW JERSEY
BRUCE PRICE
Terrace and Fountain 237
A U G U S TA A N D A U G U S T U S S A I N T- G A U D E N S
“ASPET” AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS 242
CORNISH, NEW HAMPSHIRE
Left: Seat in the Lily Garden; Right: Lily Garden
RICHARD SCHERMERHORN JR.
ESTATE OF WALTER WATSON
ROSLYN, NEW YORK
Terrace 243
THOMAS SEARS
“REYNOLDA” 244
MRS. R. J. REYNOLDS WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA
CHARLES BARTON KEEN
Walk to Forecourt
ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF
“CASTLE HILL” R. T. CRANE
IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS
PEABODY & STEARNS
Grand Allée 247
ARTHUR A. SHURTLEFF
“CASTLE HILL” R. T. CRANE 248
IPSWICH, MASSACHUSETTS
PEABODY & STEARNS
Rose Garden
JACOB JOHN SPOON
ESTATE OF S. FULLERTON WEAVER
EAST HAMPTON, NEW YORK
SCHULTZE & WEAVER
Swimming Pool 249
FLETCHER STEELE
“NAUMKEAG” JOSEPH H. CHOATE
STOCKBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS
STANFORD WHITE
Afternoon Garden 251
ELIZABETH LEONARD STRANG
ESTATE OF JOHN T. HOLLIS
HINGHAM, MASSACHUSETTS
Garden Walk and Stone Gates 253
V I TA L E & G E I F F E R T
ESTATE OF LANDON K. THORNE 256
BAY SHORE, NEW YORK WILLIAM F. DOMINICK
Boat Landing
S TA N F O R D W H I T E
“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE
ST. JAMES, NEW YORK
M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE
Driveway 269
S TA N F O R D W H I T E
“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE 270
ST. JAMES, NEW YORK
M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE
Garden View
S TA N F O R D W H I T E
“BOX HILL” STANFORD WHITE
ST. JAMES, NEW YORK
M C KIM, MEAD & WHITE
Pergola 271
Landscape Architect Biographies ALBRO & LINDEBERG
been founded by another woman pioneer in landscape design, Mrs. Edward
Lewis Colt Albro (1876–1924) and Harrie T. Lindeberg (1879–1959) were
G. Low. Babcock’s works included the president’s garden at MIT, the land-
both trained in the offices of McKim, Mead & White prior to opening their
scaping of Boston’s Arlington Street Church, and sections of the Wellesley
own architectural office in 1906, and they remained partners until 1914. The
and Bates college campuses. At the time of her death, she was a member of
firm of Albro & Lindeberg specialized in domestic architecture; their James
President Hoover’s Conference on Home Building and Ownership.
Stillman residence at Pocantico Hills, New York, and Foxhollow Farm at Rhinebeck, New York, established them as masters of country house design.
N AT H A N F R A N K L I N B A R R E T T
Following the dissolution of the firm, both Albro and Lindeberg practiced
A Civil War veteran, Nathan Barrett (1845–1919) received his initial instruc-
independently. Albro produced works that were generally more classically
tion in landscape design from the Irish itinerant gardener on his father’s
inspired, and Lindeberg creating designs that were distinctly romantic in
estate. As a result of early work on suburban station grounds for the New
nature, even slightly idiosyncratic with their deftly handled yet disparate
Jersey Central Railroad, he became associated with George Pullman and
design elements. The landscape design of the former partners’ various sepa-
architect S. S. Beman in the creation of Pullman, Illinois, the nation’s first
rate projects further illustrates these opposing approaches.
planned industrial community. Subsequent town planning projects by Barrett included those for Chevy Chase, Maryland; Fort Worth, Texas; Birmingham,
CHESTER H. ALDRICH
Alabama; and Rochelle Park at New Rochelle, New York. Barrett also served
See Delano & Aldrich
as landscape architect for the Essex County (New Jersey) Park Commission and the Palisades Interstate Parkway Commission for New Jersey and New
MABEL KEYES BABCOCK
York. Among his numerous residential works were commissions for the P. A.
Author, educator, and landscape architect, Mabel Keyes Babcock (1861–1931)
B. Widener estate in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania; H. O. Havemeyer’s property
received an M.S. from MIT in 1909 and practiced primarily in Boston and its
at Islip, New York; and the Stockbridge, Massachusetts, summer house of
suburbs. She taught horticulture and landscape design at Wellesley College
Joseph H. Choate. Barrett was a founder and early president of the American
from 1910 to 1914 and in 1918 was director of landscape at the Lowthorpe
Society of Landscape Architects.
School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture for Women, which had
272
Selected Bibliography
Writings by Architects and Landscape Designers Blossom, Harold Hill. The Landscape Beautiful. Boston: Brown, Derby, 1923. Bush-Brown, James, and Louise Bush-Brown. America’s Garden. New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1939. ———. Portraits of Philadelphia Gardens. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1929. Coffin, Marian Cruger. Trees and Shrubs for Landscape Effects. New York: Scribners, 1940. Dean, Ruth Bramley. The Livable House: Its Garden. Vol. 2 of The Livable House, ed. Aymar Embury II. New York: Moffat, Yard, 1917. Downing, Andrew Jackson. A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening as Adapted to North America. New York: A. O. Moore, 1841. Eliot, Charles William. Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1902. Elwood, Philip Homer, Jr. American Landscape Architecture. New York: Architectural Book Publishing, 1924. Gréber, Jacques. L’Architecture aux Etats-Unis. Two volumes. Paris: Payot, 1920. Innocenti & Webel. Selected Projects by Innocenti & Webel. Greenvale, New York: Innocenti & Webel, n.d. Jensen, Jens. The Clearing: A Way of Life. Chicago: R. F. Seymour, c. 1949. ———. Siftings. Chicago: R. F. Seymour, c. 1939. Lowell, Guy, ed. American Gardens. Boston: Bates and Guild, 1902. Nichols, Rose Standish. English Pleasure Gardens. New York: Macmillan, 1902. ———. Italian Pleasure Gardens. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1931. ———. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1924.
290
Parsons, Samuel, Jr. The Art of Landscape Architecture. New York: Knickerbocker Press/G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1915. Platt, Charles Adams, Italian Gardens. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1894. Root, Ralph Rodney. Design in Landscape Gardening. New York: Century, 1914. Steele, Fletcher. Design in the Little Garden. The Little Garden, ed. Mrs. Francis King. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1924. Wharton, Edith. Italian Villas and Their Gardens. New York: Century Company, 1904.
Monographs Beveridge, Charles E., and Paul Rocheleau. Frederick Law Olmsted: Designing the American Landscape. New York: Rizzoli, 1995. Brown, Jane. Beatrix: The Gardening Life of Beatrix Jones Farrand, 1872–1959. New York: Viking, 1995. Cortissoz, Royal. The Architecture of Charles Adams Platt. New York: Acanthus Press, 1998. Cortissoz, Royal. Domestic Architecture of H. T. Lindeberg. Foreword by Robert A.M. Stern. New York: Acanthus Press, 1996. Garrison, James B. Mastering Tradition: The Residential Architecture of John Russell Pope. New York: Acanthus Press, 2004. Grese, Robert E. Jens Jensen: Maker of Natural Parks and Gardens. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Hewitt, Mark Alan, Kate Lemos, William Morrison, and Charles D. Warren. The Architecture of Carrère & Hastings. New York: Acanthus Press, 2006. Hilderbrand, Gary R. Making a Landscape of Continuity: The Practice of
Index
Adams, Edward Dean, 24, 25 Adams, Henry, 278 Adler, David, 135–137, 280, 284 Albro, Lewis Colt, 272 Albro & Lindeberg, 20–23, 272 Aldred, John E., 202, 203 Aldrich, Chester H., 272, 276 Aldrich, Winthrop W., 278 Allen, Ethan, 250 Allen, George Marshall, 45, 46 All View, 144, 145 Allways, 158 Allyn, S. C., 88 Anderson, Lars, 213, 214 Annandale Farm, 260–262 Ashford, 100, 101 Aspet, 241, 242 Auldwood, 188–192 Avalon, 85–87 Babcock, Mabel Keyes, 272 Bagatelle, 132 Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 277 Baker, George Bramwell, 29 Bancroft, Hugh, 48 Barrell, Finley, 177, 178 Barrett, Nathan Franklin, 24–28, 272 Bartram, J. Percy, 155 Bassick, Edgar, 71 Baum, Dwight James, 88 Bayberryland, 76–78 Beacon Hill House, 207–209 Bellefontaine, 58–62 Benedict, Elias C., 49–52
292
Bennett, Russell M., 185, 186 Berg, Charles I., 45, 46 Berwind, Edward J., 42, 43 Biltmore, 195 Black Point, 210, 211 Blair, C. Ledyard, 121 Blairsden, 121 Blossom, Harold Hill, 29–31, 273 Borie, Charles L., 90–93 Bosworth, William Welles, 32–39, 273 Bosworth & Leavitt, 40, 41 Bowditch, Ernest W., 42, 43, 273 Box Hill, 268–271 The Braes, 125–127 Brandywine Farm, 149, 150 Breese, James Lawrence, 263–265 Brewster, Robert S., 85–87 Bailey, Liberty Hyde, 277 Barrett, Nathan F., 283 Beman, S. S., 272 Bennett, Russell M., 284 Berenson, Bernard, 278 Blair, C. Ledyard, 279 Bliss, Walter P., 278 Bodine, Samuel, 288 Bosworth, Welles, 282 Brinckerhof, Arthur F., 44, 273–274, 288 Brinley & Holbrook, 45, 46, 274 Brite, James, 125–127 Brokaw, Irving, 72 Brown, Donaldson, 68 Brown, Mrs. John Nicholas, 30 Browne, Herbert W. C., 282
Brush, George Deforest, 286 Bryce, Lloyd, 73, 74 Bryce House, 73, 74 Burden, Arthur S., 172 Burrill, Middleton S., 230 Burrwood, 62–64 Burden, J. A., 276 Busch, August and Adolphus, 283 Bush-Brown, James, 47, 274 Bush-Brown, Louise, 274 Caldwell, Lawrence S., 48 Campagna, Anthony, 288 Caritas Island, 155 Carlisle, J. F., 257, 258 Carr, Clyde, 179 Carrère, John Merven, 274 Carrère & Hastings, 49–67, 121, 132, 273, 274 Castle Hill, 204, 205, 246–248 Cedar Court, 65–67 Chamberlin, Noel, 68, 274–275 Cherrywood, 259 Chetwode, 232–234 Chittenden & Kotting, 107, 108 Choate, Joseph H., 26–28, 251, 272, 288 Clark, Emory W., 129 Codman, Ogden, 69, 70, 73, 74, 275 Coe, William R., 285 Coffin, Marian, 11, 71–80, 275 Congdon, Chester, 284 Connecticut Belle Haven, 100, 101 Bridgeport, 71
Greenwich, 49–52, 122–124 New Haven, 81 Ridgefield, 159 Sachems Head, 44 Stamford, 155 Cook, Wilbur D. Jr., 283 Copeland, Robert M., 273 Cox, Allen H., 284 Cox, Kenyon, 284, 286 Cram, Ralph Adams, 30 Crane, Richard T. Jr, 285 Crane, R. T., 204, 205, 246–248 Cret, Paul, 287 Croft, H. W., 122–124 Croly, Herbert, 215, 216 Cromwell, Frederick, 53–55 Cross & Cross, 76–78 Davis, Arthur V., 255 Davis, Frederick A. Jr., 81 Day, Frank Miles, 281 Dean, Ruth Bramley, 82, 275 Delano, William Adams, 275–276 Delano & Aldrich, 83–87, 102–104, 164–166, 275–276, 278 Delaware, Wilmington, 56, 79, 80 de Wolfe, Elsie, 278 Dill, Malcolm Howard, 88 Dixon, Fitz Eugene, 206 Dodge, John F., 282 Dolobran, 47 Dominick, William F., 256 Downing, Andrew Jackson, 9, 285 Drumthwacket, 151–153
INDEX
DuPont, Alfred I., 56, 288 DuPont, Henry Francis, 275 DuPont, Pierre, 288 Duke, James B., 279 Duryea, Herman B., 57
Frick, Childs, 275, 280 Frommann & Jebsen, 146 Frost Mill Lodge, 72 Fulton, Kent, 44 Furness & Evans, 47
Eliot, Charles, 276, 283, 285, 287 Ellery, William, 31 Ellis Court, 53–55 Elmhurst, 104 The Elms, 42, 43 Elwood, Philip Homer Jr., 12, 13, 89, 275, 276 Elwood & Frye, 276 Embury, Aymar II, 275 European influence, 14 Eyre, Wilson, 90–101, 276–277, 287 Eyre & McIlvaine, 277
Gallowhur, William C., 160 Galzier & Brooks, 44 Garden Club of America, 11 Gardner, Isabella Stewart, 113–116, 278 Gardner, John L. Jr., 278 Gardner, John L. Sr., 278 Geiffert, Alfred Jr., 280, 288 Georgian Court, 235–240 Gibraltar, 79, 80 Gilbert, Bradford, 151–153 Gilbert, C. P. H., 109, 274 Gillette, Charles Freeman, 117, 118, 278, 283 Glenallen, 133 Glynallen, 45, 46 Goodhue, Bertram G., 202, 203 Goodwin, Philip Lippincott, 140–143 Gould, George Jay, 235–240, 286 Grahampton, 122–124 Gray, Asa, 280 Gréber, Henri, 279 Gréber, Jacques Auguste Henri, 119, 120, 279, 283 Green Hill, 113–116 Greenleaf, James L., 121–128, 279, 280 Greystone, 40, 41 Griscom, Frances C., 44 Guggenheim, Isaac and Solomon, 288 Guthrie, W. D., 109
Fahnestock, Ernest, 20 Fairacres, 94–99 Farrand, Beatrix Jones, 10–11, 102–104, 276, 277 Faulkner Farm, 222–229 Ferree, Barr, 12, 13 Field, Marshall, 275 Finley Barrell House, 8 Flanders, Annette Hoyt, 105, 106, 276, 277 Fleming, Bryant, 107, 108, 277–278 Ford, Edsel, 281 Ford, Henry, 281 Foster, Giraud, 58–62 Fowler, Clarence, 109, 110, 278 Fowler, Robert Ludlow Jr., 111, 112, 278 Frederick Law Olmsted & Co., 188–195, 285–286 Freylinghuysen, Frederick, 75
Hall, Winfield, 274 Handrahan, John J., 129
Harbour Court, 30 Hare, S. Herbert, 279 Hare, Sidney J., 279 Hare & Hare, 130, 131, 279 Harrison, Mertz & Emlen, 283 Haskell, J. Amory, 161–163 Hastings, Thomas, 132, 274, 279 Havemeyer, H.O., 272 Havenwood, 147, 148 The Hedges, 160 Higgins, Charles, 85–87 Hiss & Weekes, 212 Hoagland, Joseph C., 188–192 Hollis, John T., 253 Hollister, F. K., 21 Hopedene, 69, 70 Horvath, M. H., 133, 134, 280 House of the Four Winds, 187 Howe, George, 283 Howells & Stokes, 207–209 Hubbard, Louise, 135–137, 280 Hunnewell, Horatio Hollis, 138, 139, 280 Hunt, Richard Morris, 195, 273 Hutton, Edward F., 275 Illinois Glencoe, 146 Lake Forest, 135–137, 140–143, 147, 148, 177–179, 187, 217 Immergrun, 167–171 Indian Harbor, 49–52, 68 Indianola, 146 Innocenti, Umberto, 280 Innocenti & Webel, 140–143, 280 Iselin, Mrs. C. Oliver, 144, 145 James, Arthur Curtiss, 207–209
James, Henry, 278 Janssen, Benno, 122–124 Jeffress, Thomas, 117, 118 Jennings, Walter, 62–64, 285 Jensen, Jens, 146–148, 275, 280–281 Jericho Farms, 230 J. H. Revely House, 130 Jouffroy, François, 286 Judah, Noble B., 140–143 Kahn, Albert, 281 Kahn, Otto, 65–67, 102, 103, 276 Keeler, Lucy Eliot, 280 Keen, Charles Barton, 244, 245, 281, 287 Keen & Mead, 149, 150, 281 Keene, Foxhall, 282 Kerr, Thomas H., 22 Kessler, George, 279 Kinney, Warren C., 82 Knole, 57 Kykuit, 32–39 Langton, Daniel W., 151–154, 281 Lasker, Albert D., 135–137, 280 Lay, Charles Downing, 155–159, 281 Leavitt, Charles Wellford, 160–163, 167–171, 273, 274, 276, 282 Leavitt, Charles Jr., 284 Leavitt & Aldrich, 164–166 Leavitt & Chamberlin, 167–171 Lewis & Valentine, 172, 282 Lilypond, 105, 106 Lindeberg, Harrie T., 173, 174, 179, 272, 282 Little, Arthur, 282 Little & Browne, 175, 176, 222–229, 282–283 Longest, George C., 279 Lorillard, Pierre, 286
293
AMERICAN GARDENS
Low, Mrs. Edward G., 272 Lowell, Guy, 12, 13, 255, 275 Lowrie, Charles N., 281 Ludlow, M. M., 275 Mabee, George, 81 Mackay, Clarence H., 279 Manning, Warren Henry, 8, 177–179, 277, 278, 283, 287 Manship, Paul, 278, 286 Massachusetts Beverly, 175, 176 Brookline, 31, 113–116, 213, 214, 222–229 Chestnut Hill, 29 Cohasset, 48 Hingham, 253 Ipswich, 204, 205, 246–248 Lenox, 26–28, 58–62, 251 North Andover, 250 Pittsfield, 156, 157 Three Rivers, 89 Wellesley, 138, 139 Wenham, 173, 174 Mather, Charles E., 149, 150 Mather, William G., 283 McBirney, Hugh J., 187 McCann, Charles E. F., 277 McCormick, Cyrus and Harriet, 283 McCormick, Harold, 217 McCracken, R. T., 180 McIlhenny, Francis S., 181, 182 McIlvaine, John G., 277 McKim, Charles H., 283 McKim, Mead & White, 24, 25, 193, 194, 196–201, 263–265, 268–271, 272, 278, 283 Mead, Frank, 281
294
Mead, William Rutherford, 283 Meigs, Arthur I., 283 Meigs, Mrs. Arthur V., 183, 184 Mellor, Walter, 283 Mellor, Meigs & Howe, 180–184, 283 Meudon, 109 Michigan, Grosse Pointe, 107, 108 Mill Road Farm, 135–137 Miller, Ruby Boyer, 173, 174 Minnesota, Lake Minnetonka, 185, 186 Missouri, Kansas City, 130, 131 Moffett, George M., 111 Montgomery, Robert H, 274 Moore, Benjamin, 288 Morell, Anthony Urbanski, 284 Morell & Nichols, 185, 186, 284 Naumkeag, 26–28, 251 Nemours, 56 New Hampshire Cornish, 19, 215, 216, 218, 219, 241, 242 Petersborough, 254 New Jersey Bernardsville, 53–55, 154 Convent, 45, 46 Elberon, 75 Lakewood, 235–240 Morristown, 65–67, 82 Peapack, 121 Princeton, 151–153 Red Bank, 161–163, 231 Sea Bright, 24, 25, 128, 188–192 Shrewsbury, 20 New York Ardsley, 68 Bay Shore, 256
1890–1930
Canandaigua, 129 Cold Spring Harbor, 62–64, 102, 103 East Hampton, 21, 249 Glen Cove, 125–127 Islip, 257, 258 Jericho, 172, 230 Katonah, 112 Lattingtown, 202, 203 Locust Valley, 109, 259 Mill Neck, 72, 83, 84, 255 Mt. Kisco, 85–87, 260–262 New Rochelle, 110, 144, 145 Old Westbury, 104, 132 Oyster Bay, 158 Pocantico Hills, 23, 32–39 Purchase, 193, 194 Roslyn, 73, 74, 111, 164–166, 243 Scarborough, 196–201 Scarsdale, 160 Southampton, 76–78, 105, 106, 210, 211, 263–265 St. James, 268–271 Tuxedo, 266, 267 Westbury, Long Island, 57 White Plains, 22 Yonkers, 40, 41 Nichols, Arthur Richardson, 284 Nichols, J. C., 279 Nichols, Rose Standish, 187, 284 Niernsee & Neilson, 286 North Carolina Asheville, 195 Winston-Salem, 244, 245 Northome, 185, 186 nurseries, 11 Oak Hill Farm, 161–163
Oak Knoll, 83, 84 O’Connor, James W., 259 Oheka, 102, 103 Ohio Cleveland Heights, 133, 134 Dayton, 88 Olmsted Brothers, 202–211, 276, 284–285, 286 Olmsted, Frederick Law Jr., 9, 273, 285, 287 Olmsted, Frederick Law Sr., 283, 284 Olmsted, Frederick Law, & Co., 188–195, 284–285 Olmsted, John Charles, 285 Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot, 196–201, 284–285 Ophir Farm, 193, 194 The Orchard, 263–265 Ormston, 202, 203 Orr, Douglass, 81 Otis, Harrison Grey, 282 Pabst, Gustave, 283 Paepcke, Hermann, 146 Parker, George S., 254 Parrish, Maxfield, 286 Parsons, Samuel Jr., 212, 285, 288 Patterson, Augusta Owen, 12 Paul, Oglesby, 283 Peabody & Stearns, 69, 70, 204, 205, 246–248, 273, 282 The Peak, 183, 184 Penguin Hall, 173, 174 Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr, 220, 221 Chestnut Hill, 180–182 Elkins Park, 206 Haverford, 47 Jenkintown, 94–99
INDEX
Lenape, 149, 150 Loretto, 167–171 Radnor, 183, 184 Rydal, 90–93 Sewickley, 212 Wyndmoor, 119, 120 Pentecost, George F. Jr., 288 Pepper, John W., 94–99 Phipps, Howard K., 280 Platt, Charles Adams, 15, 213–229, 283, 284, 285, 286 Poor, Henry W., 266, 267 Pope, John Russell, 172, 230–234, 286 Post, George B., 282 Post, Marjorie Meriweather, 275 Power, Charles W., 156, 157 Pratt, George D., 279 Pratt, Herbert L., 125–127 Prentiss, Mrs. F. F., 133 Price, Bruce, 105, 106, 235–240, 286 Pullman, George, 272 Pyne, Moses T., 151–153 Randall, T. Henry, 266, 267 Rea, Henry R., 212 Reid, Whitelaw, 193, 194 Revely, J. H., 130 Reynolda, 244, 245 Reynolds, R. J., 287 Reynolds, Mrs. R. J., 244, 245 Rhode Island Newport, 30, 42, 43, 69, 70, 207–209, 232–234 Rockefeller, John D., 32–39, 273, 277 Rogers, H. H., 210, 211 Rohallion, 24, 25 Ronaele Manor, 206 Rosemary, 257, 258
Rosenwald, Julius, 281 Ryerson, Edward, 147, 148 Sabin, Charles H., 76–78, 275 Saint-Gaudens, Augusta and Augustus, 241, 242, 284, 286 Saint-Gaudens, Louis, 286 Sargent, Charles Sprague, 277 Sargent, John Singer, 278 Schermerhorn, Richard J. Jr., 243, 286–287 Schiff, Jacob, 128 Schley, Grant, 275 Schmidt, Mott, 111, 278 Schultze & Weaver, 249 Schwab, Charles M., 167–171, 282 Scott, Rufus W., 274 Sears, Thomas W., 244, 245, 283, 287 Severance, J. L., 134 Shadow Brook, 20 Sharp, H. Rodney, 79, 80, 275 Shaw, Howard Van Doren, 8, 147, 148, 177, 178, 187, 284 Shaw, Richard Norman, 276 Shepard, Elliott, 196–201 Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, 188–192 Shipman, Ellen, 10–11, 286, 288 Shurtleff (Shurcliff), Arthur A., 246–248, 287 Simonds, William, 105, 106 Simpson, R. H., 158 Sims, James Peacock, 276 Slater, E. H. G., 69, 70 Smith, W. Hinkle, 220, 221 Spoon, Jacob John, 249 Sprague, Charles F., 222–229, 285 Squier, Frank, 100, 101 Steele, Fletcher, 250–252, 283, 287
Stein, Clarence, 289 St. George, George, 278 Stillman, James A., 23, 272 Stoddard, Robert, 288 Storer, A. S., 159 Stotesbury, Edward T., 119, 120, 279 Stout, Andrew, 231 Straight, Willard D., 104, 277 Strang, Elizabeth Leonard, 253, 254, 288 Stratton, Sidney, 144, 145 Stuyvesant, Paul, 278 Sullivan, Louis, 281 Tanner, Edward, 130 Tatham, Edwin, 112 Taylor, A. D., 283 Taylor, B. E., 107, 108 Taylor, Moses, 260–262, 289 Taylor, Myron C., 289 Tenney, Charles H., 287 Thorne, Landon K., 280 Townsend, Frederick, 277 Thorne, Landon K., 256 Timberline, 220, 221 Trowbridge & Ackerman, 257, 258 Trumbauer, Horace, 42, 43, 72, 119, 120, 206, 232–234, 273, 279, 287 Untermyer, Samuel, 40, 41 Upham, I., 89 Van Alen, J. J., 275 Vanderbilt, Frederick W., 279 Vanderbilt, George W., 195, 284 Vanderbilt, William K. Jr., 289 Vanlaningham, O. L., 131 Vaux, Calvert, 285 Vietor, John, 259 Villa Turicum, 217
Virginia, Richmond, 117, 118 Vitale, Ferruccio, 273, 276, 278, 280, 286, 288 Vitale & Geiffert, 255–259, 288–289 Walker & Gillette, 210, 211 Warren, Whitney, 289 Warren & Wetmore, 260–262, 289 Washington, Mary, 278 Watson, Walter, 243 Weaver, S. Fullerton, 249 Webb, Philip, 276 Webel Richard K., 280 Weed, Spencer, 278 The Weld, 213, 214 Wells, W. Storrs, 232–234 Wetmore, Charles, 289 Wharton, Edith, 275, 277 White, Stanford, 26–28, 251, 263–271, 283, 289 White Wings, 75 Whitemarsh Hall, 119, 120 Whitney, Charlotte, 288 Whitney, Gertrude Vanderbilt, 164–166, 276 Whitney, John Hay, 274 Widener, Joseph E., 279 Widener, P.A. B., 272 Wildwood, 179 Wilputte, L., 110 Woodland, 266, 267 Woodlea, 196–201 Woodward, J., 283 Woolworth, F. W., 274 Wright, Frank Lloyd, 277, 281 Work, Bertram G., 83, 84, 276
295