Armachiana Volume 2 by Armagh City Banbridge & Craigavon Borough Council

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Armachiana Vol5 (Armagh County Museum ARMCM.28.2014.57)

If any of the material is reproduced, in any form and in any medium, you should acknowledge Armagh County Museum as the source and give the document references below.

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The contents of this digital resource should only be used for non-commercial personal research and all rights remain with Armagh County Museum.

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Armachiana Volume 5

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The cont ents of these volumes l a belled are simply notes for t alks to

Armachiana

local and visiting societies in search of

They a re not of any

and ancient monuments .

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TGF Paterson

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students seeking da t a on the county g enerally or on their own distri ct s i n particular .

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great i mportance but may provide a gui de to

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material relating to it s historical background

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AID1AGH ?-1ISCELLANEA ~

1-14

Loca l data Note s for a talk to gues ts of the City Coun cil The Deve lopment of the Commons into a "Mal l" The Armagh Tont ine

15-30

49- 82

120- 126 1 27-141

142- 168

169-1 76

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-· ·,#--

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177-1 81

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83-9 2 93-11 9

Educ ation al and Hist orica l backg round Armagh Char ters , Fairs and othe r Misc ellan ea

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36-48

Ulst er Squi re of the reign of Georg e III I ntrod uctio n to Book s and Manuscrip ts in Armagh Libra ry

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Cast ledil lon

The Bere sford Arms Hote l The Seven Hous es

31-35

The Armagh Mark et House

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The Tower of the old Cath edral as a view poin t

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NOTES FOR DISCUSSION AT OLD CATHEDRAL. AND YI SIT TO THE TOWER AS A VIEW POINT

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THE OLD CATHEDRAL

1. The hill in pre-Christian days.

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The three Mach as.

2. St. Patrick's arrival in 444.

Stone circle on S.W. slope, possibly a Bronze Age monument, survived until a.bout a century ago.

Came in by south crossing the Callan by an old

and north.

ford by which roads or tracks went south, west

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abode, the enclosing ramparts of which are

Site refused but grotmd given

still traceable.

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Hill top then occupied by Daire's entrenched

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Afterwards

church, known as Templenafertagh.

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outside the ra.th where the saint built his first

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Later

the reputed resting-place of himself.

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Daire and Patrick became more friendly and as

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a result the saint was granted the hill-top site

that be set bis heart upon originally.

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Soon a second church arose and a school was

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notable scholastic centre.

fotmded, the settlement eventually becoming a

Tribal raids of those

learn from the annals.

Of the early town we know little other than we

such as Armagh.

days made life very trying for small communities

the burial-place of his sister, St. Lupita, and

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J. Buildings within the rath.

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Three churches were sited within the central ring

of the rath and although there is no evidence of

earliest of the three, as it is said to have been

that the edifice known as the Sabhall was the

sequence as to date of erection it is assumed

founded by St. Patrick personally on the spot

where he came upon the fawn. when inspecting the

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that particular site.

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839, the

So known as early as the year

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(3) The Duleek Mor or Great Stone Church.

being at least as early as 916.

Was in

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Suffered also in 1020.

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Elections.

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first church indeed to be so described

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served as the principal church until

1268.

Archbishop o•scanlon's restoration of

Seems to have

many references to it.

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in Irish Annals, in which there are

(2) The Duleek Toga or Stone Church of the

by fire in 1020.

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Seems to have been practically destroyed

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839.

(1) The Sabhall mentioned in the Annals as early

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hill following Daire•s decision to let him have

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The first churches were probably wooden structures.

These three churches were probably primitive

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Carved stones from them still survive.

types.

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4. The arrival of the Vikings.

Round towers mentioned in the plural in 995,

in 832 .

The settlement was first raided by the Vikings

One seems to

by a fire due to lightning.

have been repaired but it was later damaged

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destruction.

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only building within the rath that escaped

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Other buildings in the city at that time included:

in 1020, in which year the library was the

at which time most of the city was destroyed

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destroyed by fire.

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(1) The Abbot's House first mentioned in 822 when

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( 2) The Culdee Priory mentioned in 919 when

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Armagh was plundered by the Danes.

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(3 ) The Churches of St. Columba and St. Brigid,

both very ancient foundations though seldom

(4) The Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul.

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noticed before the 9th century.

Rebuilt

which there is much information.

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monastic house of very early origin for

teacher of St. Malachy.

in 1126 by Ivar 0 1 Hagan, the preceptor and

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4. (5) The Abbey of Mullynure, commonly known as

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(6) Templemurry.

(7) Templenafertagh.

Mentioned in

the 11th and 12th centuries.

(9) The Round Tower mentioned in the plural in

(8) The Hospice of the Guests.

(10) The Library mentioned in 1020.

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(11) The Abbot's house recorded in 822 as being destroyed by fire.

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The Coming of the Anglo-Normans.

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(13) Franciscan Friary built 1264.

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probably outside the rath.

in Annals of 11th and 12th centuries,

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(12) The Hospice or fort of the guests appears

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At a Synod of the Clergy held at Armagh in 1170

it was concluded that this invasion was due to

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the Irish custom of purchasing F.nglishmen from

Did not come

Armagh a bone of contention.

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bondsmen should be freed.

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pirates as slaves and decreed that all such

of Ulster.

fully under English rule until the Plantation

One damaged in 1002.

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995 at which time there may have been two.

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Bishop's Court.

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5. Town raided many times.

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destroyed most of the city and robbed the

Cathedral of the Bachall Isa also known as

St. Patrick's Staff which he carried off to

Dublin and presented to Christ Church Cathedral.

year it was publicly burned.

Armagh was built.

Archbishop O'Scanlon erected

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a Franciscan Friary in 1264 and in 1268 built

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the Cathedral, the shell of which remains.

In the next century in 1227 the Ca$tle of

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· 6. The O'Scanlon rebuilding of 1268.

Cruciform-shaped churches were then coming

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Staff remained in Dublin until 1538 in which

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into being and as a result of careful planning

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new structure.

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the three old sites were incorporated in the

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Church has had many alterations since then but

the shell of his building survives.

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slant in chancel.

Notice staircase in wall of south transept and

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The crypt also dates to this period, its

Used for storage purposes by

at the east end.

necessity being due to the slope of the ground

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In 1180 pillaged by William Fitz Aldelm who

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6. the citizens in medieval times and at the

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working on the roof.

Contains carved figure

discussed in the Society's Journal by Professor

the north aisle of the Cathedral.

account of the sculptured cross now preserved in

Kingsley Porter, who also published a detailed

7. In 1315 the See of Armagh was wasted by Edward Bruce

who reduced the Archbishop to a state of poverty.

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Armagh-Louth border in 1318.

Cathedral burned in 1404 but repaired.

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Garrison by Lord Deputy Sussex in 1561.

Burned by Shane O'Neill in 1566.

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again restored.

Burned by Sir Phelim O'Neill in 1642 but

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Restored by Archbishop Hampton in 1614.

Archbishop Jorse present at his defeat on the

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8. Armagh as a scholastic centre •

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date in Ware's Ireland.

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Picture of the church as it was about

1721.

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Peal of bells presented by Primate Lindsay in

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Educational growth very gradual.

not outstanding in 6th or 7th century.

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.Amongst the earliest of the Irish Schools but

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present moment utilized as a store by contractors

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7. Gildas Albanius, the historian of Britain, a master here.

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Prince Aldfrid a pupil here circa 684.

Schools suffered greatly in 9th and 10th

to desert the city.

This

a set back to expansion causing foreign students

centuries through raids by the Vikings.

Mound on the Callan a relic of this period,

Cenotaph to King Niall who was dro\oliled in the

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in Armagh.

The most important surviving manuscript of those

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Copy compiled in

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days is the Book of Armagh.

the city in 807 of an older Book now lost.

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Kings of Ireland and of the Provinces helped

(2) Brian Boru in 1004.

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(1) The King of Munster in 907.

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the schools and churches - for instance -

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(3) In 1162 it was decreed at a Synod that no

person might lecture on theology who had not

status was conferred on the city.

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studied at Armagh - by which university

(4) Roderick O'Connor, King of Ireland, in 1169,

(5) Niall O'Neill, King of Ulster, in 1387,

Enshrined by Flann, King of Ireland 937.

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river in 846 after having defeated a Norse army

Died 512.

A poet writing in 1372 describes the then community 11

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Head of Erin is great Ardmach

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The men of the world have their knowledge there 11 •

Schools suffered in quarrels between rival native

Did not suffer actual

Irish and English opinion,

chieftains and later through conflict between

extinction until Dissolution of monasteries.

being less directly under F.llglish influence.

Armagh probably suffered less quickly owing to

) status

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) university )

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1559 by Earl of Tyrone

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Archbishop Robinson's attempt in 1794,

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9, Cottingham's restoration of 1834-37,

1845.

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Failure to secure a Queen's College in

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interior walling covered with plaster.

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Exterior walls encased in red sandstone and

Old walls had many carved stones inset, said to

These were removed by Cottingham and distributed

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The Market Cross.

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Military Banners.

Statuary.

amongst subscribers to the restoration fund.

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have been relics from early churches on the hills.

Four other crosses known as

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1583 by Queen Elizabeth

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Efforts in 1558 by Archbishop Dowdall) to revive

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9. the Cross of St. Bridget, the Cross of Columb-

Sechnall , figure in the Annals.

Fragment of

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On being given this site St. Patrick

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St. Patrick and the fa'Wll.

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Killed at Battle of Clontarf in 1014 and body brought here for burial.

Visited Armagh in 1004.

north side is said to have formed part of a memorial to Brian Boru.

10. Brian Boru's Grave.

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the shaft of a cross now opposite the west door of the cathedra l but formerly set up on the

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slope from Templen afertagh to this point to consecra te the hill, whereupo n a deer and its

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fawn burst forth from the willows that then grew in profusio n upon the ramparts of the rath. Some

accompan ied by his many converts came up the

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of the party 'Wished to slay the animals but the saint refused to allow them to be slain and later

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carried the fawn down the northern slope and ascendin g an eminence on the north west laid the fawn there in safety. That hill is now occupied

by the new cathedra l and thus in Armagh the old

and the new both have their links with St. Patrick.

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kille, the Cross of St. Owen, and Cross of

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10.

Point out Observatory from that point and mention

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here.

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Annals appears in 41+3 just before St. Patrick's arrival

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the fact that the first notice of a comet in Irish

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11.

The ascent to the tower is made by an interesting

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old 13th century stairway incorporated in the west wall This leads

of the south transept of the Cathedral.

direct to the bell-loft, from which level the tower has

been rebuilt and its original circular corner stair-

method of ascent - a series of ladders.

case replaced by a more modern but less convenient

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In that time

constant use for over two hundred years.

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Some of the bells have been in

be seen and examined.

On the second floor of the bell-loft, the bells may

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they have pealed forth in rejoicing over famous

victories and at peace following wa:r, at Royal coronations

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There is one of 1841 and tw of 1885.

The oldest are dated

and a few have had to be recast. 1721.

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Each bell bears an inscription

kings and archbishops.

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and jubilees and have tolled in sorrow for the passing of

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They suffered frequent destruction in

as the year 994.

The bells of Armagh figure in Irish Annals as early

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the many raidings and burnings of the City from that

period down to the year 1641, when certain old bells with

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destruction of the church.

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one recast by Archbishop Hampton in 1613 were lost in the

Of all the bells associated with Armagh, that know

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PLACES YI SIBLE FROM TOWER OF THE OLD CATHEDRAL

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12.

as St. Patrick's Bell was, and is, the most important.

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It was, however, a small hand-bell and belonged to the to about the year 444.

Fortunately it survives and

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great saint himself so its history can be traced back

with it a beautiful shrine made to encase it between

the years 1091 and 1105 by command of Donnel O'Lochlain

McAuley, Archbishop of Armagh.

The bells, however,

connected with the Cathedral.

In past times there was a society of bell-ringers

king of Ireland and during the Primacy of Donnel

Now alas the old

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No place of ancient importance

astonishingly wide view.

From the parapet of the tower there is an

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One thing is very certain,

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commands so fine a prospect.

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in Ireland, excepting possibly "Tara of the Kings 11 ,

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rung each evening at nine o'clock. custom has been discontinued.

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Up to the outbreak of War in 1939 curfew was

person.

have now been arranged so that they can be rung by one

Let us examine the town and countryside and

around it.

no other site in Ireland has greater historical relics

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see what we can find in the immediate neighbourhood.

2. Navan Rath, the assembly place of the kings of Ulster from 350 B.C. to 332 A.D.

Cenotaph erected to mark the spot on the river Callan where King Niall was drowned in 846.

3. Niall's Mound.

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1. Site of stone circle now occupied by Armagh Gas Works.

For brevity's sake let us work by numbers -

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13.

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5. The Druid's Circle. Remains of a pre-historic burial place of about 1500 B.C.

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8. The Franciscan Friary erected in 1264.

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7. Sites of various early religious foundations in the City proper - The churches of St. Brigid and St. Columba, Templemurry, the Culdee Priory, the Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul, Templenafertagh, the site of St. Patrick's first church in the town and Mullynure Abbey destroyed by fire circa 1371, commonly called Bishop's Court because the Archbishops sometimes resided there.

6. Vicar's Cairn. A prehistoric burial-place of about 2000 B.c.

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9. Site of the Castle of Armagh, a building erected in 1227.

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10. Site of the 17th century Sessions House, and Gallows Hill.

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16. Mound site on Mall opposite Prison.

17. Old Presbyterian Church. Built 1722. Site of still earlier Presbyterian Church in Lower English Street.

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15. The Prison. Built on present site in 1780 to replace an older 17th century gaol.

Moved to present site in

18. Military Barracks. 1773,

Built about 1770.

Built 1774.

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13. County Infirmary.

Founded by Archbishop Robinson

12. The Observatory. in 1789.

14. The Deanery.

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11. The Royal School. Founded by James I in 1608. Moved from original site in Abbey Street to present position in 1774.

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4. Tullyard Mound. Associated with Deirdre and the Sons of Usna and with a later 7th century St. Cretan.

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19. St. Mark's Church, 1811,

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22. House in Market Street where King James stayed on his way to and fr om Derry .

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21. The Protestant Hall . .An important Inn in the 17th century. Gave shelter to James II in 1689 and slightly later to King Willialll 1 S famous old General, the Duke of Schomberg.

23. The Court House built in 1809,

Built 1786 and since

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Founded by Archbishop

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27. The Public Library. Robinson in 1771.

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26. The Market House . Rebuilt in 1815 by Archbishop Stuart on the site of a 17th century Market House.

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25. The Methodist Church. enlarged.

24. The Roman Cathol ic Cathedral 1840.

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32 . The site of the Old Sessions House .

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31. The historic town of Dungannon .

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30 . The Castledil lon Obelisk, 1782 .

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29. Palace Demesne Obelisk, 1782- 1783 ,

28 . The Churches of Lisnadill (1772)~ Grang e (1776), Killylea (1832), Kildarton (1840), etc.

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Place of Patrick's Bondage .

37. Slemish.

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36, Sessiagb alias Sessiaghmacarrol .

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35. Benbur b.

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34. Armaghbrague and Carrickatuke.

33. Slieve Gullion and the Derry - Tyr one Mountains.

38. Armaghbrague . Site of St . Pat rick' s reput e d attempt to build a church.

Old 1750.

20 . St. Malachy•s Chapel.

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Ar m L OC AL

15""

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ters suppl ement ed by State Paper s and the medie val regis of the Archb ishop s of Armagh. The city is, howev er, somewhat unluc ky as regar ds

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year.

Those for the 17th centu ry are Those previ ous to 1642 were proba bly lost in missi ng. the destr uctio n of the town in the Civil War of that its Corpo rate recor ds.

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s Irish Annal s give much infor matio n regar ding event in the histo ry of the town from the date of its are found ation by St. Patri ck in the year 444 A.D. and

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Whether the Corpo ration funct ioned fully again It was, howev er, worki ng in befor e 1657 is doub tful.

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eign 1688 when James the Second exclu ded the then Sover choos ing, and Burge sses, repla cing them with men of his own e, who were in turn disso lved by Willi am, Princ e of Orang follow ing the battl e of the Boyne. Stran gely enoug h, despi te the peace that follow ed

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do not begin until 1733.

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the Willi amite war, there are no Borough Recor ds recor ds avail able for the perio d 1697- 1732, and survi ving

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The oldes t Corpo ration relic s now survi ving are those two beau tiful silve r Maces , made in 1657 to repla ce They are prese rved in the Armagh Publi c lost in 1642.

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RECORDS

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~7. Other survival s, includin g a City Watchma n's

Library.

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Belfast Museum.

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the County Museum, and a Scold's Bridle from the old Market Street Sessions House is on display in the

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Pike and Crake, Corporat ion Seal and Journal of the Corporat ion Pipe Water Commiss ioners, may be seen in

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l '6 .

THE ARMAGH MARKErS

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market as at present or otherwi se is not clear. In those days the affairs of the city were under

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the medieva l registe rs of the Archbis hopric. In 1587 a Tuesday market was granted to the

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the control of a Senesch al, an officer appoint ed by the Archbis hop and to whom there are many referen ces in

1467 when King Edward the Fourth granted a new Charter Whether that was a Tuesday t o the then Archbis hop.

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citizen s on the petitio n of Hugh O'Neill , Earl of Accordi ng to an Inquisi tion taken in the city Tyrone.

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held in the town time out of mind.

in 1609 it was found that a weekly market had been

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By that particu lar patent Armagh was

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a new charter .

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Followi ng the Plantat ion of Ulster with English and Scotch settler s, King James the First granted the city

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assiste d by an assembl y of free citizen s by virtue of which arrangem ent two parliam entary represe ntative s

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created a Borough and the governm ent of the city placed in the hands of a Soverei gn and Burgess es who were

were elected to serve in Parliam ent, a form of represe ntation that continu ed to the Union of Great Britain and

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Armagh is an ancient market town but, unfortu nately, It was, the date of its first charter is unknown. however , a market town of some standin g in the year

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in the Imperial Parliament by one member down until the

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m year 1885.

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THE ARMAGH FAIRS

A Tuesday market was confirmed to Archbishop

the fairs and markets in 1620.

A further patent was issued regarding

after each.

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Hampton and his successors in 1614 with two fairs to be held on the 17th March and 1st August and the day

Day, and the day following.

In 1634 a Saturday Market was granted to Archbishop Usher with an additional fair on St. Pater's

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In 1753 the Corporatio n obtained leave to hold extra fairs on 20th May and 20th November - this brought

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and so continue.

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the total of fairs up to what was then considered a good average. Later still, the fairs became monthly events

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The dates of the Annagh fairs are of interest and suggest a descent from older assemblies . St. Patrick's

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to Carrickatu ke is a direct link with that festival;

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autumn and was a great holiday whose roots are lost in the mists of antiquity. The annual Bilberry pilgrimage

It marked the beginning of

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importance as a festival.

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the approach of warmer weather - in fact we still speak of the warm side of the stone turning up on that day. The Lammas fair held on the 1st August was of equal

Day is a festival that heralds the end of winter and

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now, of course, it is merely a pilgrimage to the hill-

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top to gather the berries and gossip, but there was a

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time when it embraced all the amenities of the ancient

The St. Pater's Day fair raises similar thoughts.

area.

fairs and was in fact a kind of parliament for the

Its nearness to the mid-summer festivities makes one

wonder whether it was not an inheritance from Pagan

days, especially as both festivals were celebrated by

B.c., to commemorate

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connected with Armagh.

Macha, the Second, the most famous of the three Machas

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city, founded about the year 350

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the great annual gathering at :&Jain Macha outside the

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The oldest local fair seems, however, to have been

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the ashes and other ceremonial celebrations.

t he lighting of bonfires, the driving of cattle through

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Th e burning of limestone for the making of mortar

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and for the whitewashing of houses and buildings is one

of t he oldest occupations in the county.

The earliest

local reference to the industry occurs in 1145, in

which year a huge kiln with sides 60 feet each way was

built by t he then Archbishop to provide lime for the

Present day lime-kilns, however, are quite small in

repair of the Cathedral and other buildings in the city.

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probably far more akin to really early types.

comparison with that erected by Archbishop Gelasius and

Churches were lime-washed in early days - some

relating to Armagh, written by an Ulster poet, who

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still are so treated - and there is an old poem extant

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Well bath its polished walls been warmed With lime as white as the plumes of swans 11 •

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flourished in the period 1220-1250, which states that -

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in u s e for agricultural purposes.

There are a number

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It is also

painting or lime-washing country houses.

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Lime is in general use throughout the county for

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can be arranged.

of lime-kilns quite close to the city to which visits

us eu m

LIME-BURNING

us eu m

'.3,,

us eu m

Pole-lathe Wood-turnip~

Wood-turning by the primitive pole-lathe cannot

ou nt y

very well be definitely dated.

Some people are

inclined to assign an almost equal age to that given

to the potters wheel, basing their argument on the fact

used for wood also.

that once the lathe was known, it was sure to have been

There are references to pole-lathe wood-turning in

the 13th century records and present equipment seems to

ou n

The pole-lathe in Armagh is probably the only

ag h

have changed but slightly since then.

us eu

ou nt y

The tools employed are somewhat primitive

continuously.

Unfortunately it is not being worked

Ar m

Ireland.

example of its type now in actual use in Northern

nt y

family.

Ar m

and were chiefly made by earlier generations of the

plant 11 •

by the present owner of the

ag h

A few, however, have been added in recent years

nt y

Ar m

Such wood-turning outfits have all been replaced by

Ar m

in Armagh.

motor-driven lathes, of which there are several examples

It is

Traditional shapes

were observed and really fine work produced.

Ar m

with churn-heads and dairy utensils.

rolling-pins, tool-handles, etc. were manufactured here,

Spoons, egg-cups, platters, bowls, butter-prints,

us eu m

M rm

ou C

nt y

ou h

ag Ar m ©

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

ou n C h

ag Ar m ©

nt ou

y C

Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

Photo graph s in the County Museum.

ou nt y

Wood -lathe and fittin gs are now in the Ulst er Folk Museum. Prese nted by the Hughes famil y.

us eu m

doub tful, howe ver, wheth er this turne ry will ever be fully worked again ,

Senchus Mor", a compilation of old Irish

us eu m

The

ou nt y

records based on earlier traditional sources, mentions The Annals also mention the

home for fuel when dry.

the cutting of turf from a bank and the bringing of it

subject and tell of a certain king of Connaught, who

flourished in the middle of the 7th century, ha.v ing

in a bog.

fallen by the hands of some men who were cutting turf

He had exasperated them in some way so

ou n

The cutting of the turf begins each year in May

ag h

finished with him he was a dead man.

us eu m

they fell upon him with their spades and when they had

ou nt y

Ar m

and for a couple of months the peat-bogs are scenes of

particular name.

The brick-shaped peat cut by a turf-

nt y

The various operations have each their

great activity.

ag h

Ar m

spade is lmown as a turf and many of the areas specialize

in particular types of spades - the spades in themselves

nt y

Ar m

are an interesting study and were up until quite recent

times manufactured in local spade-mills.

Ar m

The great peat district of Armagh is known as the

termed ''Moss Cheepers 11 whilst those who come to the tows

Montiaghs and natives of that district are jokingly

Ar m

to sell the finished fuel are spoken of as "Turf-bummers".

A small heap of turf is commonly called a "rickle".

"Clampsu.

Larger quantities built into long stacks are known as

us eu m

Turf Cutting

The sequence of turf-cutting operations may

us eu m

be roughly described as under:-

us eu m

eu eu

us eu m

us M

ou C h

ag rm

Ar m

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us M ty

ou n C h

ag Ar m

Ar m ©

nt C

ag h

Ar m ©

C h

Removal home.

VII,

Carrying to 11 rampars" and building into stacks.

VI.

Clamping.

Turn-footing.

IV.

Footing.

III.

Spreading on bank.

ou nt y

II.

Cutting.

us eu m

The earliest centre of the still existing 19th

ou nt y

century Irish laces was near Carrickmacross, where the

making of applique was introduced about 1820 by Mrs.

Grey Porter, the wife of the rector of Donaghmoyne.

Technically Carrickmacross is not a true lace, since

the pattern is cut from a cambric foundation but it is

In any

ag h

ou n

have originated either in Italy or the East.

It is supposed by some to

also in point stitches.

and further ornamented with various fillings, etc.,

us eu m

then applied to the machine net with needlepoint stitches

case something similar was produced in Italy in the 17th

ou nt y

Ar m

and 18th centuries and presumably it was an Italian

nt y

Soon the art spread so successfully amongst the

Ar m

copy.

specimen which Mrs. Grey Porter taught her servant to

ag h

peasant women of the· district that Miss Reid of Rahans

But the

Ar m

her to learn to make lace on the same model.

industry was dependent on private orders and was

nt y

had many of the young girls from Culloville coming to

However, a revival took place after the

of a market.

Ar m

threatened with extinction from over-production and lack

Ar m

famine of 1846, when Mr. Tristram Kennedy, manager of

the Bath Estate and Captain Morant, agent of the Shirley

Estate, turned a vacant home into a school - later the

us eu m

LACE-MAKING IN COUNTY ARMAGH

us eu m

Bath and Shirley Lace School which did so much to keep

Samples of Brussels

ou nt y

and guipure lace were obtained and soon the better

workers were able to make as well some of the finest The guipure is fairly

guipure produced in Ireland.

distinct from the applique - on a cambric foundation a

The superfluous parts are cut away and the

stitches.

design is traced by a thread and connected with point

times enriched with loops and picots.

pattern is then joined by needlepoint brides and some-

us eu m

ou n

For some twenty-five years the whole indust~y was

ag h

very successful and then stagnation gradually set in -

ou nt y

Consequently the standard of the work

good designs.

Ar m

the patterns degenerated and no effort was made to get

nt y

went down and the market declined so rapidly that

threatened to die out.

ag h

Ar m

towards the end of the century the industry again

nt y

Ar m

At present the lace is being produced extensively

in the Lace School attached to the St. Louis Convent in

Ar m

producing Needlepoint Lace, the manufacture of which

Tynan was another lace centre in County Armagh but

began in 1849 through the interest of Mrs. MacLean, wife

Selected workers had by 1851

of the then rector.

C h

and Culloville areas.

Ar m

Carrickmacross and in County Armagh in the Crossmaglen

us eu m

the Carrickmacross industry alive.

us eu m

progressed sufficiently to acquire attraction.

us eu m

instance, a lace flounce purchased by Lord John George

ou nt y

Beresford, the then Archbishop of Armagh and loaned by orders to Tynan.

him to the London Exhibition of that year brought many

Unfortunately its prosperity was

short-lived for after the rector's death in 1865 his

family left the district and the craft died out.

us eu m

us M

nt y

ou C h

ag Ar m ©

nt y

ag h Ar m ©

ou nt y

C h

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

M ty

ou n

ag h

Ar m ©

extent.

Miss L. MacLean, and is still being made to some

was, however, revived at Innismacsaint, Co. Fermanagh,

For

us eu m

m eu

us eu m

ou n

ou nt y

h ag

Ar m

R.C. College grounds and Railway station out to Longstone,

Observatory Hill and College Farm.

ag h

nt y

R.C. Cathedral Hill and down to old Desart Lane.

Ar m

From Banbrook Hill to Pavilion Grounds.

Ar m

Knockadrane

nt y

The Pavilion back to Archery Field.

Knockamel

The Deanery, Alms House ground and out to Mullynure.

Dawson St., and part of Callan St.

Side of Seminary Farm next to Moy Road.

Ar m

Gillis

Tullydegnan

Cathedral and Market St., down to Mall river. Balance of Semina ry Farm out to Desart Lane,

Farnamniileeh an

Ramogher

M nt

Barrack Hill and Clump Hill.

ag h

Fabbahahinch in

Lisanally

The Mall to St. Mark's.

Altavallen and out to Tullyelmer.

Drumsallich

Knockboy

8 a cres only of hill above Moy road.

Drummad

De sart

Clonhugh

Abbey Park

ou nt y

us eu m

When the Ordnance Survey was made in 1834 each townland In the lapse of ages the had to be defined by name and area. townlands in and around Armagh were lost and11 undefined and all so were clubbed in one called "Corporation , the outer boundaries I got the location of them all from of which were known. original documents which came before me in preparing the maps at time of "Church Act 11 of the Estate of Lady Helena Robinson, Earl of Dartrey, The Library, Thomas Ogle, Dean Avvill, Mr. Forde, etc. , which conveyed all of them.

ill between Abbey St., and Market Street.

Tullyassany

Convent Farm.

Tighgort

Windmill Hill and Gas Works Field.

h ag

Ar m

Tighmore

Ogle St., Thomas St., Irish St. & Navan St.

Tubbernamuck

------------------000----------------

:3 r.

P' a. t~!< l5

us eu m

)'1~

~~ "1- 1W ~ ~ w-wn~ o- 1.-vvl'\c..h.QA'\"'\ P ~ .

The traditional significance of Armagh as the seat

us eu m

of the Ulster kings of the period 350 B.C.-332 A.D . , and

ou nt y

as the location from which sprang the celebrated saga of

Ulster Folic Tales , no doubt influenced St. Patrick in

his choice of it as the place of supreme importance in According t o our Irish Annals Having secured

he reached Armagh in the year 445 A.D.

his missi on to Ireland.

for the instruction of the young p eople of the area,

Cultural growth was gradual in the

regime was opened.

and so about the year 450 the first school of the new

sites for churches he i!llmediately began preparations

us eu

ou n

ag h

sixth and seventh centuries but by the end of the latter

ou nt y

Ar m

century the schools of Ar:nagh we re widely recognized .

Late r still, in 807, the famous Book of Armagh was

compiled in one of the monastic houses of our city -

nt y

Ar m

the earliest of our actually dateable manuscripts, but

C h

city in the year 832 .

Ar m

presu:nably lost in the Viking raids that began on our

nt y

ag h

in reality only a copy of an earlier Book of Armagh,

The story of the ecclesiastical capital of our

Ar m

country can easily and conveniently be studied in the

ou C

Ar m

In the days of St . Patri ck and for long

sequence.

Annals of Ireland in which it appears in diary form and

ag rm

afterwards its population was largely scholastic and so

us eu m

re:nained for a considerable space of time .

In such a

co:nmunity the re was little scope for organized industry

ou nt y

and barter or exchange was the method by which the

ne cessaries of life were obtained .

I n the Middle Ages , however, a new class of town

societ y began to arise, and charters were i s sued by Under those

which the inhabitants were incorporated .

patents me rchant s pros pered exceedingly i n the great

We lmow practically

been of any cons equence in Ar!llagh .

trading centres, but such pr ospe rity could not have ever

ou n

ag h

nothing of the business life of the city in those days

us eu

excepting that its pr oceedings were often interrupted by

ou nt y

Apart from spoilation of citizens '

frequent occurren ce.

Ar m

strife and tragedy , and that such happenings were of

nt y

pr operty , town charters were also lost so that now we

ag h

Ar m

po ssess no local mat erial other than the Archiepiscopal

nt y

They, unfortunately , are

Ar m

knowledge on such sub jects.

Registe rs - beg inning about 1350 - wherein to seek fo r

al!llost entirely devoted t o ecclesiastical affairs but it

Ar m

is in one of t h em that we find the grant of a charter from

Ar m

but a confirmation of t he Archbishop ' s legal rights .

a document presuppo sing an earlier patent, being in fa ct

it Al'!llagh was granted a weekly market and the Archbishop

Edward the Fourth to Archbishop Bole on 9 th February, 1467 ,

us eu m

t he manorial appurtenances of the period .

The Charter

us eu m

was attested and insp ected again on 1st June, 1558 .

Hhether t hat market was held on a Tuesday as at

ou nt y

prese nt, we may never discover.

In those days the

affairs of t he city were in the hands of a Seneschal,

an officer appointed by the Archbishop and to whom there are :nany refe rences in the Registers .

He was

always a person of some social standing and on occasi ons

represented the Archbishop in Parliament .

The earl i e st allusion to a market in Armagh occurs

in 1031, in which year great bargains were available in

ou n

ag h

the city, but the first actual reference to the market

us eu

day being on Tuesday appears in 1587 when Hugh 0 1 Neill ,

Later, in 1609, an Inquisition

for a :narket on that day .

ou nt y

Ar m

Earl of Tyrone , petitioned the Cr own and obtained a gr ant

nt y

was taken in the city at which it was found that a

ag h

Ar m

weekly market had been held in Ar:nagh "time out of mind" .

Following the Plantation of Ulster with English and

nt y

Ar m

Scotch settlers in the opening years of that century, King

The new patent placed the

Ar m

beca:ne a Borough in 1613.

Ja:nes the First conferred a further charter by which it

Ar m

By virtue of that arrangement two parliamentary

citizens.

twelve Burgesses, assisted by an assembly or jury of fr ee

government of the city in the hands of a Sovereign and

ag rm

representatives were elected from time to time to serve in

us eu m

Parliament, a form of representati on that last ed to the

us eu m

Union of Great Britain with Ireland in 1800, after which

dovm to the year 1886.

ou nt y

one :nembe r only was allowed , t he latter privilege continuing

The Tuesday market was confirmed to Archbishop Hampton

and his successor in 1614, with two fairs to be held on

17th March and 1st August and the day after each .

further patent was bestowed for fairs and mar ke ts in 1620 .

In 1634 a Saturday marke t wa s assigned t o Archbi shop

In 1753 the Corporation obtained leave to

following .

Ussher wit h an additional fair on St . Pater ' s Day and day

us eu

ag h

ou n

hold extra fairs on 20th May and 20th November respectively .

good working average .

ou nt y

Ar m

That br ought the total up to what was then consi dered a

In the early 19th century individual markets like the

nt y

The Linen Marke t,

ag h

later were used for other purposes.

Ar m

Flax, Shamble and Linen Hall were built, some of which

longer continues owing to the fact that eggs, and such

nt y

Ar m

for instance, became the Egg and Butter Market, but no

butter as is now farm p r oduced, are collected direct from

Linen

Ar m

t he farms and brought to town by motor transport .

ou C

The town had, of

Ar m

the grea t linen centres of the north .

was then an important local industry and Armagh one of

course, other industries l i ke brewing, distilling, flour -

milling , rope- making, tanni ng, i r on- founding, etc . , and

us eu m

many minor businesses such as clock- making , cabinet- making,

us eu m

gun- smithing, book- binding , spinning, wheel- making , etc .,

ou nt y

but with the coming of railways such works tended to gravitate towards the larger to,ms.

Fortunately that

procedure is in reverse order now and Armagh is coming

into its own again, a happy state of affairs due to the

It also possesses

with schools - primary and secondary.

Educationally the city is well supplied

industries.

efforts of the City Council to provide housing and

a well- equipped observatory and an excellent museum, and

ou C rm

ou C

h ag Ar m ©

nt y

ou nt y

us eu

ou n

ag h Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

Ar m

one of the most interesting to\-ms in I reland .

from the point of view of amenities and attract iveness is

us eu m

The Development of the Commons 1nto

us eu m

a "Mall",

ou nt y

An effort was made in the late 18th century to have

the "Old Commons 11 or "Race Course" designated Rokeby Green,

as a compliment to Archbishop Robinson through whose The Archbishop was created

citizens as "Public Walks".

influence that particular ground was made available to the

Baron Rokeby of Armagh in 1777 and died in 1794, so we may

assume the name to have arisen between those two dates.

At anyrate in the beginning of the 19th century the various For instance all the houses in

us eu

situate on Rokeby Green.

ou n

ag h

buildings then growing up on the Commons are shown as

ou nt y

Ar m

what we now know as Beresford Row were once so distinguished,

Ar m

been known by any other name - but the Mall School (built

The second terrace, Charlemont Place, has not, however,

ag h

bore their present appellation.

nt y

but by the time the Terrace had been completed in 1836 they

nt y

of St. Mark ' s Place as was finished by 183~ and

'lill.Ch

Ar m

in 1818 by Archbishop Stuart and now the Orange Hall) with

Ar m

certain stores and small houses on the west side of the

The Ordnance Survey Maps of the

term of Rokeby Green.

Commons all appear on maps under the general and earlier

h ag rm

Ar m

following year show Charlemont Place extending from what 1s

us eu m

From thence to

us eu m

now Beresford Row to the Mall School.

the Prison end was free of houses and "unchristene d"•

ou nt y

Such changes make research into local topography difficult.

Anothe r puzzle in connection with the locality is the fact Commons 11 roughly where the

\'by the two maps

a like amenity at Charlemont Place.

Whi te Walk" is> whereas the map of 1835 delineates a crossing at the southern end only and omits all trace of

track or pathway across the

that Rocque's Map of 1760 for the same area traces a

It is probable,

should disagree is one of those unsolved mysteries that

ou n

ag h

us eu

ou nt y

however, that there would have been little reason for the so-called "White Walk11 to have been in being before the

Ar m

Commons 11 had become "the Mall"

the Ordnance Survey the

nt y

At the t ime of the making ot

ag h

opening of Russell Street.

Ar m

south end of Beresford Row and Charlemont Place were built as it would have served no useful purpose previous to the

Presbyterian Church was not erected until 1837.

nt y

Ar m

but Gosford Place was still unbuilt and /of course \ the Third

It was raised in 1809 in

known as No.l Beresford Row.

The first house in that quarter was that now

haphazard.

Ar m

Building on the Commons was at first somewhat

h ag rm

Ar m

the same year as the Court House and was probably planned

beset the path of local historians.

us eu m

by Francis Johnston, the architect responsible for that

very dignified county institution,

Tradition states

ou nt y

that No.l was l argely the result of mat e r ial l eft on the

contractor ' s hands at the concl usion of work on the

Court House - the story is probably true for its f irst

occupant wa s Arthur Irwin Kelly, Sovereign of the city In those days

and Secretary of the County Grand Jury.

speci al l amps were allotted to the Sove r eign's residence

and were set up on st andards or affi xed above the door.

I n this instance a l amp- standard was incorporated in the

ou n

ag h

railing fronting the house and still remains in position.

us eu

The house was then, of course, No ,l Rokeby Green and so

A second

ou nt y

Ar m

continued for another e i ghteen years at lea st.

lamp-standard was added when Kelly ' s kinsman and succe ssor,

ag h

Sovereign and occupied t he same house .

nt y

Ar m

Thomas Kelly Evans, l at er followed him in the office of

A manuscript valuation of the city made in 1833-34

nt y

Ar m

and now preserved in the County Museum indicates that

Arthur Irwin Kelly was the ground landlord of Beresford

Ar m

Row and t hat by 31st of July of the l atter year his house

wi th seven others had been embodied in o t errace, and named

Beresford Row in honour of Lord John George Beresford who

During the

1822 had taken a deep interest 1n the city.

Ar m

from his translation to the Archbishopric of Armagh in

us eu m

~tenure of his Primacy much building took place locally

us eu m

and to that pe riod date most of the houses in Beresford

ou nt y

Row, Charlemont Place, and St . Mark's Place, the three

most attractive groups of houses in the city as well as

the opening-up of a new thoroughfare called Russell

Street, and the erection of Melbourne Terrace and Gosford

Place.

Prior to the making of Russell Street Jenny's

that part of English Street.

Row provided the only access to the Mall or Commons from

We are in some doubt as to the year in which the

second and third houses were constructed.

us eu

ou n

Three years earlier the Corporation

ou nt y

Magee in 1819,

ag h

under the name of Rokeby Green was the home of Michael

Ar m

began the making of a footpath from that point to the

nt y

Mr. Magee lived

Ar m

portion was then under consideration.

Prison end so we may assume that the development of that

Ar m

Coroner, Solicitor, etc.

nt y

ag h

in the house in which Mr. Billy Mann now dwells and was

Mr. Magee ' s house was rated higher than its neighbour

and was in fact a larger house, having two lock-up yards,

Ar m

offices, barn, coach-house, storehouse and enclosed garden.

No.4 was in possession of

Ar m

had only one lock-up yard.

No.3 was then (1834) tenanted by Joseph Marshall but

ag rm

John McKinistry and was rated at the same amGunt as No.2

us eu m

+o . with equal yard facilities.

It is now the property of

us eu m

Dr. H.H.G. Dorman and is a house that can be dated w1 th It bears two date-stones, one on the front

certainty.

The former bears the initials

at r a re of entrance.

ou nt y

in t he arch of the gateway, and the other above the arch John

"R.B. 1827 11 , and the latter "M. Magee MDCCCXXVII.

This brings another local architect into th e picture who in 1820 designed the two fine but sadly altered dwelling-hou ses in English Street now the

Quinn feci t 11 •

establishmen ts of the Ulster Banking Company and of John M. Wilson & Co. - both of which had very handsome door-

us eu

ou n

ag h

cases with elegant side panels and fanlights of a type

tfi-_;.:,z

ou nt y

r ather similar to t he house in Beresford Row in which

Ar m

the late John Peel lived, and is now occupied by Mrs. Mann. At some date before 31 July, But to r et urn to No.2.

ag h

becoming the hall of a second but much smaller dwelling.

nt y

by Miss Trimble became No.4.

Ar m

By that addition to Beresford Row the house now lived in

nt y

Ar m

1840, it was remodelled and became two houses, its gateway

Ar m

was Joseph Marshall who seems t o have been replaced in 1834 by a Miss Heaney who in the next year migrated to

The first t enant of No .4 that we have any record of

h ag rm

Ar m ©

Charlemont Place where she remained for many years in the

us eu m

house until recent ly the Manse of the First Presby terian Church and there ran a select Boardi ng and Day School .

Its valuat ion in 1833-3 4 was

purcha sed by Dr. Dorman.

the same as that of No.2. At that time Beresf ord Row had not been entire ly Nos. 5 and 6 were then inhabi ted by Mrs. Colthu rst built.

ou n

and Mrs. Carpen dale respec tively - they are at presen t There was then a owned by Mrs. Barcro ft and Mr. Mills. vacant plot betwee n the Mills' house and that occupi ed by

ou nt y

No.4 (now of course No.5) was then leased by John McKin stry and stayed in the hands of that family until

us eu

ou nt y

Ar m

ag h

Mrs. Moore - the then occupa nt of the latter house being Mrs. Moore 's house was of course then George Cochra n.

ag h

nt y

Woods.

Ar m

No,7 and Mr. Cochran had as next door neighb our in No.8 the well-kn own Dr. Cuming whose house is now held by Dr.

nt y

Ar m

Accord ing to the valuat ion of 1833-3 4 that site was the proper ty of Robert Baxter who by 1836 (as may be verifie d by a keysto ne over the gatewa y bearin g bis initia ls and the date) had erecte d the two houses recent ly

Ar m

utiliz ed by the Girls' High School and the Minist ry of That change d the numbering once more and result ed Labour .

h ag rm

Ar m

in Nos. 7 and 8 becoming Noa. 9 and 10 - the number s by

us eu m

The Ordnance Survey of 1835

which we know them to-day.

A date stone,

us eu m

portray s the ground without houses. followi ng year.

ou nt y

howeve r, shows that the Baxter houses were begun in the

m m

ou n

4. Col. Napier.

3. Col. Bainbri dge.

2. Dr. Kidd.

1. Sir Thomas Molyneux, Bart.

Place residen ts as under -

A printed valuati on and assessm ent of rates for the period ending the 31st July, 1834, records Charlem ont

us eu

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

No.l became empty in August of the same year, probabl y because of Sir Thomas Molyneux having succeed ed

nt y

his brother , Sir Capel (5th baronet ) who died 3 December, Evident ly Sir Thomas did not move to Castled illon 1832.

Ar m

a house that dates to 1845.

nt y

ag h

Ar m

He died 1841 and was followe d in the baronet cy by his son, Sir George, the builder of the present mansion , at once.

Ar m

Valuati on lists of 1835 show that rates were paid on No.l from 1 August, 1834, by William Lodge Kidd, a former Surgeon of the Armagh Militia , and member of an old Armagh

Ar m

family now represe nted in the city by the County Librari an. Evidenc e of his occupat ion is illustr ated by an extensi on

us eu m

ou nt y

payable on the fifth house ( b Y J ~ ~ ~ ~ g u-~t 1835} who had previously paid on a frontage and gar den only.

William Murray.

five instead of t he nine houses originally planned - the architect is believed t o have been J ohn ston 's nephew,

Four other houses intended to complete the terrace were for some reason never begun and so the group consists of

us eu m

ou n

What i s now St. Mark ' s Pla ce seems to have begun its career as a continua t ion of Cha rlemont Place and is so

ou nt y

Ar m

ag h

portrayed on the Ordnance Survey Maps of 1835, but the Valuat ion lists of the preceding year show it as Rokeby

nt y

Two years l at er in 1854 the Grand National

houses.

Ar m

still part of Charlemont Place and that the line between the Stuart School and the Prison end entirely free of

ag h

nt y

Ar m

There were then no houses south of the school From 0 1Hagan's Map of the f ounded by Archbishop Stuart. city engraved in 1852 we learn that St. Mark's Place was

Green.

Ar m

Cattle Show was held on the Mall, an event comparabl e in importance with the pr e sent fixture at Balmoral - and in

Ar m

city, the cannon now in position on the 'White Walk.

1858 a Russian Oun was presented by Lord Panmure to the

ten years - but of that later.

that date cricket had been played on the Mall for at least

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11 of the back premises wherein a stone inscribed 1 . K. 1835" The same list suggests that rates were still survives.

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-;:t;,

In 1879 a new church was built on the west side of

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an edifice with one of the most graceful spires in Ireland

and about 1879 a terrace of houses arose on the east side,

south of the old school, and named Hartford Place in honour

of Miss Hartford, better remembered by Armaohians of my

Infirmary,

generation as the wife of Surgeon J.M. Palmer of the County

In 1884 the Masonic Hall, one of the oddities of local

architecture, was completed, (to the design of J.H. Fullerton)

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by which time the Mall was much as we lmow it to-day except-

i ng of course that certain older structures are now devoted

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t o other purposes - for instance the old Grain Stores after

'...r(..\t.,,.w,.._

serving as temporary quarters for the Armagh Militia (and

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ciore recently as) a Slipper Factory, and on the other side

I ii '\\'... I.I. ~

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Oranee Hall.

ag h

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of the Mall the Mall School has been transformed into an

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During the war years the Mall was an .assembly place

f ur a mlmber of important military inspections and for the

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first time in its history had on one of those occasions a

Then there was that truly magnificent

famous Irish Regiment.

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British Royal Prince take the salute at the march past of a

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final American review just before our Allies left this

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the Mall for the First Presbyterian Congregation of Armagh,

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The Mall has indeed been the scene of many such gather ings. In 1778 local compan ies of the Irish Volunt eers exerci sed

nt ou

ground .

sward in 1793, and three years later the Yeomanry Corps of the city and distric tx commenced inspe ctions on the same

The thereo n and later there were county assemb lies. County Militia in its infanc y also drille d on its green

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The most intere sting, howeve r, of all such ceremo nies was the presen tation on 18 July, 1856, of a colour to the 75th or Armagh Light Infant ry, a banner made by the ladies

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of the city and handed over to the regime nt on their behalf At no very distan t date by the then Counte ss of Gosfor d.

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the Ma1:fh ad its founta in - a coolin g sight in summer Many people ./ of my vintage ,/ yet remember its weathe r.

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Cricke t was being played

mention ing games on the Mall.

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band-s tand and the musica l evenin gs of those days. As a matter of passin g intere st I may be forgiv en for

It is diffic ult to find

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not, howeve r, founde d until 1859.

The lands were then leased to Mr. Wiltsh ire the owner of the Beresf ord Arms Hotel, a The Armagh Cricke t Club was celebr ated local Sportsm an. thereo n in July 18~5.

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countr y - numer ically the greate st that ever took place on t he Mall and histor ically of import ance and intere st.

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referenc e t o it playing Monaghan in Caledon Demesne on It probably was then sharing Septembe r 2nd of that year. It

anyrate in February of that year it was stated that the club had been greatly inconven ienced in the previous year

At the through inabilit y to obtain suitable ground . s ame time it was suggeste d that the Mall Trustees should

gr ounds with the Royal School in the Palace Demesne. At seems to have found a h ome on the Mall in 1861.

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We know be approach ed with a view to accommodation. t hat the Club was actually in occupati on early in May.

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It should, however, be a matter of pride

deal with here.

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This informat ion derives from a l aw suit r egarding trespass ers on the pitch - interest ing but too lengthy to

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to the Club that it was founded in 1859 and that it has now complete d a century' s play on its present ground.

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The Mall has, however, a long historic al connecti on The first local race-cou rse with the field of sport. that we have any record of wa s sited there and th ere is

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good reason to suppose it was in use for that purpose in The earliest the last half of the 17th century.

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documen tary referenc e to it occurs in the Corpora tion Minutes of 1731 in which year the Sovereig n and Burgesse s

I have, however, a

a definite date for its formatio n.

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the Corporatio n de cided to enclose that part lying within the boundary of the course leaving sufficient room outside

The result or

15, 1742.

t he t hen planning is shown on Rocques Map of the city engraved in 1760, which portrays in detail "the Commons"

Borough Minute s under date June

the enclosure for the accommodation of the sport. Particular s a s to ditches, gates, etc., appear in the

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The area was

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and "Winning Post" are carefully marked.

the old name f or the area that we now know as the Mall, The "Starting Post" and shows it as the "Horse Course".

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Commons.

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then devoid of houses and simply known as "the Course" or

It is believed that

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on which we have little informatio n.

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fri ghts, gambling, cock-fight ing and drinking, that f ollowed the races for some days, offensive , is a matt er

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Whether he found the bull-baiti ng, free

of Armagh.

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Shortly after that date Dr. Richard Robinson was translated from the See of Kildar e to the Archbisho pric

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At any r ate in 1773 he

adjuncts to a cathedral town.

he con sidered the consequen t riots, the gipsy and tinker encampmen ts and other disagreeab le nuisance s undignifie d

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of t he city subscribed towards a prize, and fixed prices Eleven years later for stands or booths on the course.

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leased the Commons to the Sovereign and Burgesses for the

purpose of utili zing the ground as a "public walk" for

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the inhabitants of the city.

Thus ended the Commons use

as a racecourse and soon its ol d name was dropped for the

present desi gnation which by then had come to mean a

By the Act whi ch brought about this

change in its status the publi c had only the right t o use

pl ayed with a mall.

public wal k though original.ly deriving from a ball game

the paths or walks - a necessary provis ion but much

resented by cer t ain people, who f ound to t heir cost that

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the Act of Parliament by which the land was conveyed,

confi ned pedestrians to the walks and thus deprived them

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enclosed portions.

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of the liberty to trespass or commit damage within the

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In concl usion it may be of interest to recall that

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when the Armagh Cricket Club was leased their present pitch

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.I:

in 1861 they had to agree to the public being debarred from

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the pi tch and.promise t o keep it in a tidy condition, a

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precaution that might again with advantage be enforced.

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At our Octobe r :aeetin g hr . Ldenn a spolrn on ·'The c:1~ngi ng Ar..,agh", a topic that arouse d great intere st and

In the debate tl1at follow ed 1-ir . Lci(enn a ' s paper , tne questio n of the origin of Tontin es arose, so I have c~osen the Ar~agh Tontin e as a subjec t for to- night , '.IlY

vintag e .

-provo'.;:ed a :nost fruitfu l discus sion , both as regard s the junior '.';le.~bers and irrespo nsible s of :ny o\-m partic ular

ou n

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c:1ange able ter.ns of descri ption for tne sa:ne type of iristi tutio'1 - which, of course , is not so .

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reason ueinF the fact that there see:ned to be a dispos ition t0 assert tnat Tontin e, and To\om rlall, were actual ly inte r-

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Tt1ose of you uho were presetl t Hill re.ue:nb er t ha t I thoug~ t that the Irish Tontin es were chiefl y establ i shmen t s

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I also ~entio ned that I

receiv ed annuit ies in return .

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rounde d by subscr iptions , to provid e a:;ieni ties for t he co~:n~ nities concer ned, and that I believ ed the subscr ibers

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unders tood the idea origin ated in irance but in tha t The S}stem was firs t part::. ct.ilar I was not quite corr~c t .

.•'ranee that it spread to .t,;tJglan d and ev entual ly t o

It wa s, howev er,

It~ly ~~rLle r, and that :nay well be so . 1 ro

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So'.Ile autho r itie s s ay that i t was i n us e in

year 1653 .

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introdk ceci in ?'ranee as a '.Ileans of raising Gove r n:nent loans, l:.y Lorenz o i'onti who ca:ne f r om Naples to Pa r i s about th e

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the hav e bee n in exi ste nce in Ire lan d, wne re it seem s to tha t suc h pla ces At any rate one mus t assu :ne 13t h cen tur y. ~1id dle of tha t cen tur y as uer e i!el l- mo,·m her e by the {es one ys , pub lish ed in 177 7, ma:. She rid an in one of his pla ref ere n c e to a rat her rat1 :ish of his cha rac ter s say 1-.1.t,1 I ris h s as :nany ann uit ies as an f rie n d " 1 hea r tha t he pay ul d be a cau se of In cas e tha t quo tati on sho To,1 tin e" . onl y I has ten to say , tha t I am e:n bar ras s~e n t to _e lat er 't ing I ri sh ron tin es, so don usi ng it as evi 0 enc e of uat s. thi nk it out for you rse lve ask ...,e ,!ha t he __ can t, jus t ts lott 1 cen tur y Ar .... agh had i I n t :1e las t qua rte r of tne d - i t s r oun d of dan ces , car l itt le sea son eac h 1,i. nter kno1m The re was t:1e n a bui ldi ng pa r ti es and pl ays , e t c . t 1782 I t was in use fro: n at lea s as t h e Ass e:nb l y aooms . Lo d r awi ng s t,1e Ton tin e Roo::us . un til rep l ace d i n 179 4 by rap h s e \1e any Jict 11r es or pho tog of it exi st no r ind eed hav il it wa s not c e:n olis hed unt of the Ton tin e it se lf tho ugh s e~.bl y Roo,ns t he Na rke t Apa rt, howev er , f r om t he As 1908 . For i ns t an ce, l ar pur pos e s . Hous e wa s als o use d fo r simi the ng hel d the r ein i n aid of in 1780 ass emb lie s wer e bei r y , t he f unc tio n s to b e so new ly f oun ded Cou n t y I nfi r :r,a , 11 th e Thu rsd ay i n e a ch mon th arrang ed as t o tak e pla ce on ati n g 11 fr o:n an adv er t is e:ne nt rel nea re st t he f ull :no on , an d r l ier . tha t t h ey wer e in bei n g ea to t hes e gat her ing s we Kno w Ton t ine was ori gin all y a Accord ing t o dict ion ari es a

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SI loan on whic·1 annuities were paid instead of interest, each annuity increasing as the number of subscribers

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as c1uc.1 as all of the'.Il.

Those of you who have studied

· ' ·n S..uaar"... ' s Ar.iagh( l) \-llll recall that it is stated ,:;,,erei

t:1at Arcl1oishop Robinson, ti:le founder of the Public Library,

0bservator;y, etc. was the survivor in a French Tontine Curiously

enough the plan for the establishing of a Tontine in

iro~ ~1ich he derived a considerable fortune .

Ar.1agh ca~.ie into being so:"e six :nonths previous to the

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with our local Tontine .

Archbishop ' s deat'1, but t,1ere are no i'acts connecting him

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The first ,mowledge we have as to its !'or:nation occurs

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We are told that '' the Co.i.J.1li ttee appointed

l·iarch 9, 1794 .

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in the files of the Belfast News -Letter<~)under date of

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to superintend the building of the new Tontine Asse:ubly

The oui.L<i.ing we are

oy the Sovereign, Ti1omas l•iacan, Esq.

ag h

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~et on the site chosen, when the foundation stone was laid

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informed was to co 11sist of Tea, Card and Coffee Roo'.lls of

t.1at an additional £<'.,074 was needed. "

elegant aesign, and that £1,500 had been subscribed but

The rreasurer was

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vied 18~1. l:mried Tassagh . Joh 1 >'lesley .

(j;

harch 16 , 1794 .

(~J

He was a great friend of

1,e:noirs of Ar::iagh p . 546 .

(1)

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Rebert Livingstone, Esq. ( 3 ) the then agent of the Charle'.llont

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aiminished by deat~ until the surviving subscriber received

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0state, ,-,ho lived i11 a house at tne bott o:i1 of AbDey Street, since rebuilt for u.se uy t:1e Provincial .oan.,;:ing Co ...pany ,

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'.1ere a stone bearing his initials "H..L. 11 and tl1e date

~k have no i~formatio n as to

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"1774'' is still preserved .

w:10 t:1e a rc 1itect 1,as uut it is alsost certain that it Has

."rancis Johnsto.,, a native of A.r ...agh a1.d urJe of the :.1ost

Diar/li)th ere are several H~ recorcs, for exa~ple ,

references to the Ar~acb foatine.

In the Alexander .!aui~to

t:1a: 1e uas at an asseJbly in it on oe:,te. "ucr 10, 1795, that

distingu~s ~ed Je~ber s of his ~rofession .

.1e '' dined \·r.i.ti1 ti1e Grand Jury on A~,ri.L .LO, 1'797" and

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'' a-'terwards ·,·,ent to a Card Asse.ably at the •. ew Roo:.,s, whi cl1

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asse-L-lies •.-·ere held every honday evening, t.1at tner e uas

5/ 5 Je r qua rt e r " .

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Tea, ca,rns, dan cing and cards, subscripti ons

Seven cays later he attended another , and on August 1:2 , 180,::,

:-1e lc:arn tha t he visited the Primate< 5) and "found him very

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Later ne

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naving heard that he was formal and reserved. ( 6)

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pleasing and conversabl e " at wliicll he ,;as greatly surprised

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·'cined at the Deanery wnere tnere was a large party i nclud7 the Gosford/ ) after which they went to a very pleasant ball

(5)

The Honble . William Stuart, D. D., brother of the then Earl of Bute .

(6)

Tnen occupied by Lord Lifford, Dean of Armagh 1796- 1830, and father of the 3rd Viscount Lifford.

(7)

Arthur, 2nd Viscount Gosford, and his wife and daughters.

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!LS. in Armagh Public Library .

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(li)

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in t.1e Tontine Roo:ns 11 •

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'.:light fill the gap between chat date and Stuart ' s reference( S)

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::::ot atte::.pted it .

in ldl9, but that -,muld involve too JJuch researcn so I uave

Stuart describes t 11e Tontine as "a spacious and nandso:ne

bui.Ld::. ,g situate in English Stre..;t" and states that it was

In one

convenient ar.d well-planned suite of aparta.ent s.

It contained an extensive ball-room with

public purposes.

private rropert~ but occasionally rendered applicable for

o.r t,:e::'.! on t,1e ground floor tl1e inhabitants vf ti1e city had

m.u:.uer of very respectable subscribers.

ag h

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rte 1entions also

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established a News Roo:n which was well supported by a great

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ti1at t:iere was then no tneatre in Ar:nagh but that 1,1layers

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visited the to\-m and performed in such houses as they could

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Taat state:i!ent can indeed be co1fir.ned for we

Ar m

support.

procure, and that they were given every encourage~ent and

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fro= tlie :niddle of the 18th century onwards, and that they

ag h

have proof that strolling players were visiting the city

exhaust their stocic of plays .

The earliest note I have

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played in available pre-ises for the period necessary to

h ag

'>fl9

1.c::oirs of Ar:uagh p . _5..!.i-lf:'

( J)

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Tne entry :nay be seen in the Parish Registers .

1151 .

Sa:n.:.el Genia, a player , and Annabella his wife January .::8 ,

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found regarding the:n records the baptis:n of George, son of

I suppose contemporary newspapers

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5L£·rould s~e~, ho,rever, t~at despite Stuart's assertion

t'.1cre w1s a bu.Llding so called in 17$3, for v1e bavc the

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iollowing notice in the Belfast 1-.ews-Letter of June 11, of

t'.1at ! ea:r - ''l·"arried at tbe Cathedral Church of Ar:Jag,1, 1-,r.

I nstances of that kind could, of

t:1e t.,l;latre of Ar:nagh".

Leslie, to the a~reeable hiss Peterseu, botn beLonging to

CJUrse, be :nultiplied but I :nust return to the Tontine.

T,,e :.inute Book of the Tontine for the period 1790 to

the

';le do mou, however, t.,a t

its history in those years.

18e:: 8 is :nissing so we are deprived of '.J.uch data relating to

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original Lease of ti1e pre:nises was granted about 1/90 by

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(10) Dean .tla:nil ton ca:ne to Ar:;1agh in 1768, built the Deanery .iouse now Dean ' s tlill imu1ediately afterwards, and in Became Bishop 11')5 was consecrated Bishop of Clonfert. Newto,mh.:milton of 9ssorr in 1799,, and ,died 1805 . derives its na~e ro~ tnat narticular rlamilton 1, ~i~ . •

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Tho:nas ,{'1ale:,, better ,mown as Buck or Jerusale:n irnaley, son of Richard Chappel Whaley of Ar:aagi1 and W,,alley Held about 17 to,-mlands under Abbey, Co . Wicklow. the See of Ar nagh besides certain proper ty in the city itself, all of wi1ich are set out in a volu:ue of :aaps in t1:1e Public Library, Ar:nagh, prepared by Jacob 1.eville ,I1aley was then a :ninor aged about three in 1769. Whaley ' s Buildings He died Nove'.Ilber ~, 1800 . years. in Castle Street bearing a stone dated 1773 and sur:iounted by a ""raceful urn were erected by his trustees Had an inco~e of £10,000 per year. curing his minority. Was a ga'.Ilbler and lost £14 , 000 on one occasion at an Also re'.ne:nbered as "Burn evening session of cards. Chapel " because of the many chapels burned by his orders , ir. 1798.

Tho.nas ~lhale/ 9 ) (who held under t:rn Archbishop of Ar:nagh) (10) , i3.ev . • ichard to the .Rev . Hugh Ha.,ilton, Dean of <1.I".nagh,

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::.·cs,,ecting the want of a Theatre in Ar.Jagh in 1019 t 11at

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By its absence we

subscri bers to toe To~tine re~ains .

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It is a pity that no complet e list of the origina l

a~e left in doubt as to its financi al stabili ty.

We do

'.mow t:1at so::ie of ti·1e:n were alive in 1821, 1.:hen it Has decided at a general ~eating in that year, that they should

At that ti:ne the edifice is

serve the citizen s of Ar:navh.

assign t1e building to new trustee s so that it could still

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said to have been in a state of dilapid ation so He '.:lay suppose it had fallen on evil days. Rodgers< 17 )gives the

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(11) Rev. Richard Allott was t1en Precent or of Ar:nagh but in 1795 resigne d the P recento rship ior tie De~nery of Tuam . Died 1822 .

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(1:::) John Burges of Ar:nagh . Father of John denry Burges of ,food P ark and ancesto r of the Burges fa'.ilily of P arkanau r , Co . Tyrone . Died Sept . 1790. See B. L.L. Sept. 14, 1790 .

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Died July ;,: ~ ~,

(16) See Rodrers Ancient City, p . 30 .

(l7J Ibid, pp . 30-31,

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(15) John Hacan. Son of Thomas hacan above . 1801, a~ed 72 years .

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(14) Tno~as Taylor .

(13) Thomas hacan. .t<'ree.i.an of Ar.nagh 1746 . Burgess 1755 . 1.any ti11es Soverei gn of the city bet.-reen 1749-17 94. Lieuten an t of a local troop of Dragoon s 1'?56 . Captain of' same ir. 1760, in vl11ich year he rode Hi th 100 citizen s to the relief of Belfast wnen that city was threate ned vrlth invasio n by t,1e t'rench. Ca~ tain of ti1e ~nd Conpany Ar·.iagh Grenaai ers in 1780 . Died 1795.

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Allott, (ll) John Burges , (ld Tt1o:nas ,-,acan, (l3) i'i10:nas .,, 1aylor (14) a.1d John ha can (1 5) , at til:l :·e..irly rent o f ....:5 . 13 s. 9d. (l6 )

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L. Prentice (~.::), ~ d John Uaugh(~ 3 ).

rle also infor~s

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us t.1at £500 \1as spe.1t in rn;;:8 in putting in a new stairca se

and in necessa ry i:nprove: 11ents and that about 1841 l'u.rther

alterati ons uere c1ade so thc.t the Ar.:1a;i;h Lusical Society

To assist in the latter scheme, the Pri:uate renewed the len se without fines and the Toll Co'.ll.ai ttee ave a su:.1 of

another £1,000 towards its upkeep .

In the twe~ty years followl.n f; the: c..onated at least

£700 .

~ight be ~ore adequat ely acco~'.llo dated as rc-ards concert s.

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1 A kinute Book covering the second terD of the Tontine s Fro:., .:. t ,.,e learn history is availab le from 1820 to 1907.

ou nt y

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t'.1at the archite ct called in to re-plan t:1e buildi,1 g was 1,r .

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Willia:n hcWillia :ns. Adjutan t First Co:.ipany of Ar~a~ h Volunte ers 1780 . Lieuten ant Ar~agn vo 1 ~ t eer Yeo:nan ry c.7, l8l16 . Portrai ·t , 1'19 6 . Captain 1 8 0'/. Died Aurust ' County Lusem .

(21)

Leonard Dobbin, Sen . Leonard Dobbin, D. L . Born Sept. ~9, 1762. h . P . for the Borough of Ar:1agh 1033- 1838 . Died Yebruary 20, lo4~ .

(~Oi

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( 19) R. R. Lodge . Richard Robinso n Lodse, son of the Rev . .lillia·.. Lodc;e, LL . D., first .-:eeper or' ti1e Public Library of A~:n~g~. Bo~n Februar y 20, 1776, Captain in tl-ie T;;rone lnlitia . Died SepteJJb er 16, 1840 .

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(18) 1-1.rtnur Irwin 1Celly, Sovereig n of the Cl. ty lo0:;, - lo06, lo.::1- 1833, and 1833-18 37 . Died harch 7, 1841 .

John Waugh.

( .::3)

Henry Leslie Prentic e D L Son of Ja.nes Prentic e of Tandera gee . ' 1 ..., • . · ' Cal~don . diorc a time an officer in the 95th Foot . Agent to'f~ aledon . or

H. L. Prentic e.

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·n (18) _, . •'i . new trustee s as A. I . helly, Sovereig n o f Ar~ag, (,:::1) ws uc'dillia ./illia.n (.::O) 9 Lodge(l ), 1eo iard Dobbin, Senior,

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I . .L"arrell and accordint_; to a hinute of February 11, 1826,

ti~e at my disposaL discuss the minutes in any detail .

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pleasant, ~1owever, to find the nGw trustees .cesolving

':;as

t.1at all the c:1im1ey-pieces si1ould be of Ar.nagh .Jarble, and

interesti~s to find that ~Y lb43 tney had i~stalled gas.

( .::4)

I n 1874(<'. 5 )ti-Je trustees acquired a perpetm.. ty lease and tl10

proposed increase of rent, uut in

Their successor the Urba, Council in

1901C.:: 6 )refused to pay

office at £10 reran.

old Hews Roo.a \·ras leased to the ·row11 Co.n~Jissioners as an

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T!1ere was

ag h

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t.1e pre:nises for use as a site for a To\-m Hall.

ti1e followinr- yearC 2 7)put out feGlers fo r the acquisition of

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also a proposition for its conversion into a Technical Scaool(.:: 8 )

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but that was not looked upon favourably by the Trus t ees who

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I n 1907U9)L essrs . Lonr oe

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proposed Tovm rlall wheri built .

did not object, nowever, ,rovided it was incorl)orated in the

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and Anderson were instructed to take opinion of Couns el with

January 17, 1843. " The lustre in the large front room to b e replaced by a gas pendant" .

C25)

June 9, 1874 .

(~6)

December 30, 1901.

(27)

July 18, 1902 .

Cc 8)

August

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May 15, 1907 .

1902 .

(29)

14,

(24)

Unfortunately I cannot in the

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he gave his services free .

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regard to t~e best :net~od of enabling the trustees to ,,;_•ea;. t.1c trust

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· rr a ~atter eventually arranged by transre

ing t.:i Lie Urban Council wno thus beca Je the new trustees

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of t:1e property, and in t:1e following year cle~,olition i'!Or,c

began arid t:ms e11ded 1r.Jagh I s Tor ti .e, after .1av::.ng served

tile t01m for \-;ell over a century as a c,, tre for social

It was for long the :1O•,ie of

its career w:..t'.1in its wa.Lls.

Tlle Armao-h 8avin&s Banlc began

~-d c~ltural activities.

t:1e Ar Ja"(h ..usical Societ) and a place of rcfu[;e .,_'or the

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Jury, the h.r.nag:1 A"ri cultural Societ. c1nd t

,·\·i cndly

I' .e Co..mty Grand

cays tei'ore it :1ad a i10:.1e of its own .

A! •• .,g:1 !,utural _Iistory and Philosophical Society in the

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roof.

brothers of ~t. Patrick held festivals benea t~ its hospitable

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Coicerts, dances, private parties, theatricals (in

,.--·:ich ..iany a notable f:i.e;ure appeared inclt1d.ing the

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cele~rated Talbot(JO)) and lectures on astrono~y, ~usic,

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.istory and dozens of other subjects uere 6 i ven in its roo:ns .

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aatl1or of' Handy Andy and :{cry O ;,,ore, had such a good

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rec eption in 1841 that he returned again in lu49 .

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The fa:nous Sa:nuel Lover, poet, novelist and dra:..1atist,

11r . Talbot to ap.iear at Ar~agh Theatre. Telegraph h a r ch 14 , 1823 .

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of past days iigure also in its story, such as Gallaeher,

Other well- kno,·m entertainers

and again ten years later .

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renowned General To:n Thu:nb strutted on its stage in 1848

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~t:ie .;r eat v dntriloquist, Bartley ti1e ~Ii zard of tne ,;est,

.2;:iny anot'.11:r, a:non-;st t'1e:.. that :;iost c.eli3htful of

J. ci.

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1',rs. Loc:nmod the harpist, A11dersun the 1.orthern Wizard

with us still .

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all, t'.1e versatile Percy lrench whose haunting songs arc

I never saw the Tontine Roo~s and all ~y clforts to

find a drawing or picture of tne building '.1ave been in

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half a certury ago .

vain t:iough it ,ms not de:nolished until 1908, less than

City !'!.all i1ad already been built - our youn.,.er ..,e:nbers,

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afraid I have exceeded ti1e ti'ne

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Lr. Chair.nan I

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I suppose , now look upon it as an ancient Jonu::ient !

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account of the ArJJagh Ton tine.

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,,asted so ::.cich of your evening on this rather gc:irbled

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li:::i t so I .,mst nou conclude ,ii t11 apolo,;ies .i:or having

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·.ri10· 1as C iaup el of ::1ushto•,m Co.- ,.Ola "'han . (Ar'lla 6h i{en tals 1676 ) uau. 1·:-lfe of R:,.c bard . 1f.1a ley. dau. ·.,iJ.'e oi Ca;; t. ~dH ard Dix ie· .)ol ton . dau . wife of

Doro thy Bolt on ' s dau . ~d. - Lord and had a son Edw ard Lord of Dub lin ~1ho left a son, John Lor d.

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Ci1a ppel appe ars as a Arch bish op ' s Ren t als show : ,hch ard :re 1:Jad ti1en 16<:0 . in gh Ar:na tena n t on the See Land s of T:1e ren tal . £100 hi:n cost buil t a fai r ston e hous e that mla ted JOO acre s in accm had he then by that s show o f 1 6<:4 of land in Ty r on e in Ar:;.agh besi de s acqu iring a parc el~ al~v e in_ 16~1 but by stil been 1631 . He see'llS to have to his wido w Cna ri ty Cha ppel 1 676 i:Jis prop ert y had, pass ed the Ar:u agh prop erty her held d, cnar Ri , on s ,:!'lo •,r.i.th her ?nis ~ee~ in Co . ho~a ghan I of r hano hus band ' s land s in the pass ing to 11er son agn) Ar:..1 of (als o he l d u nde r the See uass ed t 0 I n 1713 the Chap pel. i?te rest s ppel Tho:aa s Ch app el. l Cha ard Ricn by ed ceed suc was !Uch ard ~lhal ey who a in ars appe ey 'inal 1 ias Tho:: Wh al ey in 17:24 and a Rev. r ental of 1725 . The rent 1 di ed before 1213 . Wha Richard Chappel ~ust nave a ley . d char Ri now ased read s Hi ch ard Chap pel dece

John Bolt on.

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CT1appel of Ar.nagh .

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Mary Bol ton=

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- Bolt on =

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Rich ard CjaJ pel of AI'~ agh. Just ice of the Peac e Ar~a Ph 16b6 . ;a11 31 Janu ary 1705 . ( Ar nagh Rent als 1676 . )

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C1a rit y Cha ppel l (den tals of the See of A. JJag:1) .

R.:.ci1ard c:1a~: :i,el , Depu ty Aud itor G"' rnr a.L of Irel and . ( Ar·.. ,agi1 a~n tals 1620 - 1661 )

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Hes ter, only cau~ ofnd .1."ran cis Arc,1 Gr 0.1. Lo on· Ob . 1690 .

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,\nth ony C,1a unel

Ob. 11 Hove :iber ' :!.69.:'..

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~or1et Ric~ard ~haley = a c.iau . of Ricbarc: Cia 1pel i~d ~ntcscate . Ad:non. .Je· Llty A>.lditor Ge:iera. of lG ~ebruary, 1712. Ir~J.acd and s.stcr aDd co ,rnir of '.L\10:.1as Chapple of :lusnto,-m , Co. Lonaghan. . 1

LJ.i za beth ,. 1 _ lcy {ic1ard Cope of Syde'1.

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'.i'ilomas ./haley, l'i1e Aev . of Sy den .

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Ob . Ad:i1on .

Susanna .

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Sophia.

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Anne who .ud. John Fitzgibbon, .C:arl of Clare .

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Tho:iias vfualey, son of Richard Chappel W1aley of Whalley Abbey, Co. Wicklow, known as Buck Wnaley, Jerusalem \·lhaley and Burn Chapel Whaley. Very eccentric. Had an inco~e of £10 000 per year . Lost at cards in one evening £14 , ooo. Had' a house i n Stephen's Green, Dublin . Left two HS . volU!lles of memoirs that were never published . See D. L . b. Archbishops Rentals show Richard Whaley in 1713 as lessee of land for:nerly held by Richard Chappell deceased .

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Uillia.ll .

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John .:1d. Lady Anne head (L. L . G6 Ap rL, 1788) .

Richard c··1a . -.L. . 31 July, 1790 .

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Thomas, b .1766. d. 2 hov . 1800 . held 17 to,-mlands under the See of Armagh besides some property in the city . Eldest son according to D. ~ . B. M.P. for Newtownards, Co . Down 1785-1790, and Enniscorthy 1790-1800.

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~ndly L . L. 8 Feb . 1759, at St . l,ary ' s, Dublin . = A:me, d.au . of tne Richard Cha;;pel :lha ... ey, , .. P . R0v . bernard "J a rd. for Co . U.i.c '.{lo·.r, wl10 :narri ed .:ir stly Catherine Ar:ni tage (lLL. 4 JJay, 17.f.'7), by who:n he had. no issue. (Appe.:::.rs in ArDagh See Rentals l7i4 , and 1 hay, 1737, had a renewal of his lease for 40 years~

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h.L. d i·iarc:1, 168lf, at At.1enxy, C . Galway . Ric:1ard ':i:1a1e-: of = 8'isanna, ... au . of [ewford, Co . balway. Joh'.1 '::na.,_e.r . Ob. Died in~estate . Ad.:01 . intestate, 9 Lay, 9 ha~, 1731 . (AJnears 1737 , in Ar ..;a~n See .le;1tals in 1713) .

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3.ic:1ard Whaley ' s lands are set out as under i n 1713:

~O acres Plantation called Grants.

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'.l'ownsnarve als 'l'yrene cross

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~O acres in or about Ar~agh .

Tireskaghten

Ballybroug han

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Ballybroughan

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;.• oylurge

Ballyscan als Ballyscandle Cullin trough

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Ballydi~in als Lisadian

Tonagh

.:.mnislare

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Ballynure

i·:unnoughipatriclc

ballynagally Etragh

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Dru~coYJ1.·1ell

Lonag:1quin als Lonagi1icon

Farir,:ucsetaney als 7arin:nccautley

Laycoyreagh als i<,oy als Cariboy

i'i1e Desert

S:-iarvagi.1 Boy 1,cCoddan

bruier~arti1 als Tullaghlec~in hcCoddan

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In the 1'o co!ll!llence 1st !s, ovember, 1707, for c::l yea rs. County of Ar-.;iagh and parish , all exc ept the to1,m of i.oylurge 1Jnich J.ies in th e parish of 1-iullatrack.

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(Charity c:1 appel and Richard her son tenants in 1676, H_er under a lease :!,ade 1t1 July, 1634, for 60 years. s9n Tho ..;;jS had lands in ~i,1is.rnen Parish, Co . honagnan . 1076 ae"tal gives variations in spelli ngs for above lands).

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, otcs on c2rtain ,l(;Ll:es occu2:rir..c in hl_~_:J;:.q_nt.iJ& Linute of l8c8-1901 .

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Rev . James JonesCl)in ·_.)lace of' I

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February 11, 1841. Kelly. ( .::)

A John ,laugh was

Dr . Kidd(l)in place of Capt. Lodge(.::)

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April 23, 1840. deceased.

June 4, 183.::. John Waugh deceased. Churc:H,arde" of Ar::.iash in 18~2.

July 9, 1828 . 1°:ajor General Ti1ornton. Sir William Died 1840. Tho r nton, K.C.B. Lieut. General in the ar:ny. See B. L . G. under Todd Tbornton of Westbrook, Co. Donegal.

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(lJ kRecto r of ~eady 1823- 25 and of Derrynoose 18251~40. 3ector of Kil!llore and Chancellor of Ar~agh Cathedral 1840- 1871. Died 1871 . Burie d Kil!llore.

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1859.

.r<'::'...,:;..·u:..ry .1.l, lu.::b . 11hr. ii'arrell". hr. Isaac Farrell who ::.J.::4 ·.-:as cal1.ed in by t,1e .ooard of Govcri1ors of th? Ccunty I ~J .2ir:nary in re[;ard to alterations a~1d re.>ovations ::n.Jre, cind wi10 about the sa.ne ti.:ic was erectint:; a neH ea stle at 'i'anC::era: ee for Lord and Lady ,.a:icleville, after,.: . .r<,arrell ·-,a~ wards ::)uke and :)uc,1ess of l,anci1ester. u,1cle to J. :1. Farrell, founder of the Portado,-m r:ews 111 1 _;_:

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10.

L~st Sovereign of tne city of Ar~agh. D... 0dl.ay, 1871. Buried St. harlc ' s.

born 1797·

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,~~-·il J'-, ,-.;4, . ,lillia!il Paton(l)in place of Leo'lurd uvb1~ \c 1 Leceased .

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Of Abbey tlouse, Ar;nagh, uncle of Sir Willia:u Squire Barker Kaye. He Has a solicitor and died in Lay 1866 . Ar·uagh Guardian Lay 10, 1866 .

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cc;~o_~?! -::~ 1$49 . HiLia:n Bar:~er(l)ii. pac..; of \Iillia:1 •. c .1.:..Llia·-. s~ d deceased.

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Tho..1as 1Celly Evans, J .P . second son of Ldward Lvans of Gort~erron House .

Ar m

(c)

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Feoruary c7, 7-~55. Stewart Naxwell ( l) in pla ce of Arthur Kelly Evans ' )resigned.

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Son of Capt. John ·Jinder. Secretar:,: to the Count~ Grand Jury . Died July ~9, 1889, aged 70 years.

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A,)ril 7i lo57. John G. Winder Cl ) in place of Stewart Laxwe l deceased.

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1~ebruary 1~2. 1867 . Th?:nas Dobbin in place of late \';illiam Barker . Tho:nas Dobbin J . P . of Armagh . Born 1795 . Died .. 87.L . See B. L . G.

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Lieut . Col. Dobbin(l)in roo:n of Lajor Craig .

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~ay 1, 1878 .

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tlenry Davison ( l)vice lat0 Tho::uas Dobbin .

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Ca-ot. A21dre,1 Crai-;, T:1e ,'.all, Ar.:.ag:1. Later a La;jor i'' t}:)e Ar..iash ,.ilitia. Borr. 18;:5. Died 1077 . 3uried St. bar:, • s .

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Andrew Craig(l)vice :tev. Ja ... es Jones

.?ebruary c::v, J.07<1..

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~~€c;r.iary ;:o, lD7c::. c.eceased.

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( c::)

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Pt>vntice (c:: )

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Archibald l' . Kidd(l)vice

-• · -~ "'3, 1870. i....1..:ceased.

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St. John r ho:nas Blacker - Douglass of .1i:l:n P ar:c See B. L . G. born 18~;:. Died

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Lay 8 , 1884 . St . John l:llaclcer Douglas (l)in roo:n of A.I, . Kidd, M. D. , resigned .

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7-1., .

Ar.,str ong Cl)vice J . G. Winder

R. G. L cCru:n appoi nted a new trustee .

High S'1eriff

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( 1)

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.:'lobert Turner(l) i n place of late .icnry

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. a:y G5, 1901. Davison .

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. lobert G<-1':llany !.cCrux, D. L. , of Hili'ord . Born 18G9 . Died 1915 .

1886.

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Se,1te~.ber 4 , 1894 .

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.b .

-~u._:ust 14, 1894 . ceceased .

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.CJ.urus~ 14 , 1394 . l·,r . Thomas Pr enti ce oldest trustee _•ssiNns but resignation not a cc epte d .

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ha y G5 , 1901 . J. C. Boyle(l)in pl a ce of St . J ohn BlacKer Douela s re s igned .

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!.ay G5, 1901. J ohn Co:nptonCl)in pl a c e o f Tho·2as A. Pren tice resi 7 ne d .

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Allilla..c.tJ; fro:n 11iu~Jaoo :c of 1328- 1907.

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~~d in A~~p~J; .i.m:.ar. tl

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,.::.r:ute 11 Zcbrua ry, 10<:'.8 . Plans d.ra,,m up by , ,r . j?arr ell app"oved . He char?ed no fee Resolved that all the cnicrney "'icces be ;f Al'.;1a"l1 ;arble.

,,iLute c:4 1·'.ay, lb36.

J ohn ~laugh deceased .

J a.::ies Lat chett, caretaker .

Dr . Kidd elected in place of Cap t.

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I:inute c:3 ~~ril , _340. Lodge de cea sed.

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Roo:11s be rented at i~ per night.

1-:inute 11 October, 1036 .

John .l"agan elect ed caretaker .

Linute 4 June, 183c:.

Li mte 9 June, 18c:9 . Salar; £40 .

,.i::ute 9 July, lo~8 . ?·iajor General Tnornton one of the proprie tors Hoposes taking dovm the wall between the card and retiring and ~aking a large r sunner roo~ . Approved . ··

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Hinut e 11 Feunwry, 1841. .1.ev . J u:aes Jones elected in pl ace of A. I. Kelly . Edward l!Na'1S, ~ sq ., to act as Secret ary . Toll Co:n:ni ttee propose builci.i ng a husic rlall.

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Hinute 20 April, 184<:'.. Toll Co.nnittee given per.aission . Present Lusical Society :::ientioned - it to have fr ee us e .

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.Jinute 17 January, 1 843. The lustre in larger f ront roo'.11 to be replaced by a gas pendant .

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·linute 30 Ap ril, 1844 . Willia:n Paton elected in place of Leonard Dobbin deceased.

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·.inute 2 October, 1849 . Willia:n Ba rker appointed in p lace of Willia'.11 1-,cWilliams deceased . Ja~nes Matchett ' s sala ry reduced from £20 to £15 . He r esigns . Kingsbury S:nith appointed in his place .

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1inute 27 February, 185 5 . Stewart Maxwell in place of Tho'.lla s Kelly ivans resigned . \~ . Paton Treasure r i n pl ace of D?'. hidd .

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Linute 7 Apri1, lb57 . l,ci.·we~l deceased .

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Archibald 1,. Kidd vice

-.inute .::3 April, 1670. Frcntice deceased.

Ti10:nas Dobbin in place of late .1 .

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i;1ute L:: 1;,ebruciry, 1067 . .l?! . Dar:ter .

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John G. ',!inder in place of Stuart

;.inu-;:;e .::0 .t"ebruary, lo?.:. Ar,dreu Craig vice Rev . Ja.ies Jones . denry Davisor vice .Late Ti10~1c1s Dobbin.

Lieut. Col. Dotbin in roo.J of Lajor

;_:_ ,Lite l Lay, lo7b . Craig.

i.inute 9 June, lo74 . Trustees to acquire a l ur,:,etuity lease. '.he Old 1 eus Il.00J1 to be let to To1-m Co:,uissioners as an office £10 ,er year.

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Linute 3 Ldy, .tc,84. St. Jolin .Slac'.rnr Dou.:;las in roo:: of A. . . 1(idd, .. D. r(.;sic-ned .

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R. G. l.cCr1l.il appointed a

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l~inute 4 Se_ te •.ber, lo)4. new TrLlstee.

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l.L:ute _4 A..1.,,.ust, .Ld94. Lord L·i .ate ..11d others present at 1:;c:ti -; c.; iderine crn::.a!'ge"-"ent . Apolo-:_;y i'ro:., ,. G• •. cCru.... . '·-' . T,10.,as A. Pre:,tice u~c..est tl''J.Stee resigns uat r"'s::.gnation not accepted. :--i. -'• Ar .. strong to be appoL~ted vice J . G. ~Tinder 6.eceased.

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Linute 30 Dece~1ber, 1901. LJrban Council refused to pay increase of rent . 1 otice to quit .

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l.inute c:5 1.ay, 1901. Robert Turner, J. C. Boyle, John Compton in ,ilace of late Henry Davison. St. John Blacker Douglas resigned . ThoJ1as A. Pzentice resigned .

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Letter 14 Au ust, 190c:. frastees wbile anxious to pro:note eraction of ro,m .t-Iall i·Jhich ;1ight include apurt:nents for Technical Instruction do not thinK t:1ey \-lould be justified in per~itting the use of the _Tontine f~r th~ purpose of any Technical School unless in connection w1. th the propo:::ed Toi>m Hall when built .

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•• inute 18 July, 190c:, and 1 ALlsust, 190c:. Council puts fo!'th r'eelers for acquisition of t.1e bu~lding . I'ontine trustee atire-.:able. Council desires to build a To,·m Hall.

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75.

R. G • •• cCru:n in cl1air . J. B . .ooyle . John Co:aoto!l · ... Sec rlerbert b. F'u1Ler~ 0 ~: • S. rl . !.o roe, .:iolicitor .

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Present:

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Last hinute but unsi1ned .

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15 hay, 190/. honroe and Anderson t o be instructed to take opinion of Council as to the best :iet'10d of d enabling trustees to get rid of their trust and procee to carry it out .

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10 9

Ar11agh husical Society 1 night Armagh Commissioners appear ,:: weeks bazaars figure.

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January 7. hr . Rube,..,stein 2 weeks bazaar. January 21. .hr • .burns 5 weeks Lecture. auctions, dances, lectures. l,ay lo .

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0 7 0 0

0 0 3

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18 19 9 4 10 0 10 0

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10 0 100 0 4 12

Certenary hethodist Meeting April 5, 1839. l\OVe:nber 28 . Three days performance. :C.04O.

Allowance fro:n Grand Jury.

Grand Jury ditto . I:e;.;s Roo:n brought in Toll Co!!l <1i ttee

s. d.

1 12

1831. 1 year ' s rent of Savings Bank ' s Office to 1:ove::nber 1830.

1039.

:.ay 7 June .::4 Dec. c3

Apr.'..l l 13 cl c4

Chas. Brmmlow fon. H. Caulf eild hon. J. Caulfeild Lord Charlemont Tho:nas h. . Ar:Jstrong Col. !\.elly A. 1(. Kelly Tho'.lla s Simpson John \laugh PrL1ate Lady Sparrow

l&.::9. Larc~1 :LO.

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.ccounts begin 11 February, 1828 _ Do. ..,tions received in March- April, 1329 _

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,. " . . mry Astro. I- ~::.vJte _;arti-.. s . urs . ,fobcrt Hen esey Exhibition 0 ,r paintings .

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1-.r . G:3:lagner Ventriloquist Tableaus .

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l.r . Henry O Connel1. 1 ni~ht c~trono~ical lecture . J.. r . SaDJuel Lover. An entertain:ncnt .farraonic Society.

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L:::. Pm:,ha:.: .:1strono:nica ... Lectures. Ar!'icul.t..i.ra::. D:;,c;ner . .. , ,,st ::.1. L~. 1?razer T':1"'c1trical entertain"'ent . A ~rivate ~eating of :entlenen . Cct. j.1. . .. r . braha.J <: concerts.

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l.r. A•'derso:n t,1e ~;orthern ~lizard 6 ci.a:,, s.

1346 . '·"'· 6 .

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Lord Fr:..mate Visitatior. di:ner .

!'.r. 3raha:n a concert.

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3ZGr or.e concert . C,.ildwel:.. C'.10ral Society. GiJor:_·<:. .u1·inson :Jinnsr to A ::-ic1 ltural Society . c:1 rc'.1 ....;d icatior. Society .

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1..,.,. DL,til' ,:; nic:;hts u;us::.c . L-r. .l..l eC. da Co·:cert. L ' Johr:: Vogan Din ,er to Attor"eys. '.1 ....,, • Keir C ni~hts astrono~ical lt;;ctu:·es. ii.3ld in card roo\11 .

30.

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}.r . l"inc.en . Diorana 1 week. . LalL . l night . ~!'- Jen~le :.c.et::.." · :o::: uecaf cino. Du!ao. .. ov(.;;~bcr ~0 . ~atu~al ~istory Societ) . )cc-:::nb€::- c:9. ,"'!enr: c... ..ufeild. l ,::..;nt, a ba:l.

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1842 .

,.o:-itgo:nery .

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11 11

h ag

Ar m

nt y

ag h

Ar m

.Friendly Brothers for use of rooms on 20 occasions.

ou nt y

h ag

To:n Thu~b entertainment .

Ditto 1864.

ag h

Oct. 8 .

Col. Caulfeild, and Officers of Ar:nagh Regt. Public Dinner .

Ar m

.cu59.

Teetotal Soirees and £e~perance parties . S~akesneare readina Ceiling 1:/alker .

Ar m

1858.

hay 3.

Mysterious Lady

ou C h

m 1855. Aug .

ou C

h ag rm

Ar m

iro::i this date onwards accounts are not so detailed Grd yielded little of interest from my point of view.

Si gnor Lorenzo. 1-iagicians.

1853.

ou nt y

Lr. Sa:nuel Lover.

harch c.7 .

1851.

5 5 o

t Nada:ne Castaglionn ' s C oncer . Tom Thumb . lAnti Slavery Meeting Rev Dr Edgar . ; 1r · Bart~ey the Wizard of th~ '!lest. Ars ._ LocKwood. Harp Husic . :nerican Serenaders .

Feb. 15. Nay 19.

us eu m

1849 .

s. d .

To:n Thu:nb .

1848.

: ov. 4 .

us eu m

c::,-,

us eu m

1<{,

APPEi~DIX

,.:' . . Ll.Lia i·1 c.Jillia:ns an origin.:il trustee d. 13 hay, 1846 . Pr-...scnt lvc::u.¥.:

us eu m

ou nt y

...,eonor'-- DobbL1. cl . 19 Fe..,ruury 1844.

Present 10.::8 :r.:

.!.':-:o_.us l'i.ell-y ~v aus vice John 1fou.gi1 re signed .

eu us

(K above

ou C h

4 present at fi r s t mee t i n g . G. P. )

Ar m

. · t Book but are not a '.i:hcse na:nes appear in the 1nnu e t co:nplcte list of the truS ees. n of the Tontine, Ar.nagh County ( Sc:e 11lans and elevatio l.useUJJ) .

J . C. Boyle .

Jonn Co:npton .

Ar m

J.tobert Turner .

Ar m

cienry Davison .

ag h

Blacker Douglas St . John.

Ar m

Co~. G. i. . Dobbin .

nt y

h ag

~. G. hcCrum .

ou nt y

Ar m

John G. ·,Iinder vice S. 1-iaxwell.

us eu

ag h

ou n

7:10-as A. Prentice vice H. L . Kidd .

.:enry Ar:astrong .

Stewart Haxwell .

,:i1liac1 Barlcer vice l·lci'!illia:ns .

\f.1. P<.,ton vice Dobbin .

nt y

!lev. ,,illiaJ' Jones vie e Arthur Kelly .

.I::.11::.an Lodge Kidd vice Capt . Lodge, d . 2 A_,ril, lb51.

9 October, 1849 . Present 1~28. :r.:

Zenry Leslie Prentice d.

.iaugi:l :Jr e sent

lu.::o. K

us eu m

'&f, ,:;ro,

ROv'l,:s. TOi:TI!\L ·--

-,-

,·1ov·A""ED TO CIT' "~ALL 1908

_,.;:;i<.L '

us eu m

..:\1e archi t~ct wno drew tn' e plans for tn· e renovations · 1 o f Ar.nagh l'echnical He was pri· n cipa 1.ra s John Caffery .

ou nt y

sc:1001 at t:1e ti.ne.

He was a re'1!arkable .1an, and was

He served his ti~e in

as I can tell, a Belfast ~an.

::ie uas, as far

ah:ays a sc:1olar see:cinf for knowledge .

in Belfast gaining :nany passes in Building Construction

Eelfost to be a plm1ber and attended the Tec'.mical College

and Drawing, Building Trade HatheJ1atics and Geometry.

iie oeca~e a Building Inspector for Belfast Corporation

and taught Building Trade subjects in the evenings as a

He became Principal of

5, then under the

ou nt y

Arnagh Techni cal School a bout 1904 or

Ar m

us eu m

Sc~ools, for a number of years.

ou n

ag h

part- ti.ne teacher, in Lisburn and Dungannon Technical

Ar:.agh Urban Council (and was the second Principal appointed).

nt y

Ar m

vfnile in Ar:nagh he was still studying and passed the

nt y

Ar m

over 40 years old .

passed the County Surveyors exam. - he was, I think, then

ag h

Assistant County Surveyors exam. and about 12 months later

He also :nade the drawings for renovating the Harket

He also made drawings

fer three houses in Rai l way Street (for a Mr . Johnston)

and putting on a story about 1912.

Ar m

House into the Technical School , extending the building

i-!Bh red brick fronts ( for the sa:ne Hr. J ohnston) .

Ar m

and later he made drawings for houses on Cathedral Road

us eu m

e Count y Su rveyo r for Bout~ Doneg al later oeca·1 about t,,e su:n':ler 1914 (but not sure) .

::e

ou nt y

d.fe was a Ger:aa n .

dral and the time built tne entra nce to the H. C. Cathe ls , Ar:-:i.agh Gate Lociz e, Augi1 naclo y a. C. Chur ch and schoo

us eu m

nt y

nar t of' the Town Clerk ' s offic e.

Ar m

ag h

nt y

Ar m

Ar m ©

ou nt y

Tt1e windo w openi ngs were :1mci1 as they a re work that now ;o- ciay but i n the renov a tions the plast er The entra nce to the surro unds chese windo ws was added . nce to the yarci. , ti1at now exist s, was the origi nal entra l'he parap et with concr ete banis ters and To tine ya r d . renov ation s . Seal. of City in concr ete were added in the s and no huch of the origi nal build ing still exist e widen ing build ini; uas done to the front excep t a littl The a rapet . of t;ne front door , and the addin g of the p the roo:n behin d roo:ns t~at now cons titute the libra ry and also the front it are part of the origi nal const ructi on,

a:,>pe arance .

ou n

was calle d) l:1e front of the old Ton tine Roo:ns ( as it and cold built of Ar JJagh :narbl e, und had a very dark

ag h

was

is a build er.

His ings. Tech nical Sc11o ol, and :nany other good build of 1-,onaghan a:id grar:d son is at prese nt livin g in the town

'.!:':1e

Ti.1e CJ.erk of 1·Torks was a p at 1·,cAv inchey of Or-le Stree t. in his Build er·' was Robe rt Cullen of Porta do,-m lJi1o

•_e was ,1arri ed and had t'nree or four c'.1ild r en - his

us eu m

It is of intere st that the stairs to the front and t·:e b3ck stairs from t~e hall and galler y, also the in raller :, 1:ere t'.1 e earlie st re- inforc ed concre te ,-mrk

ou nt y

t:,::_s distri ct.

•.i.:ich is larger ti1an the old Tontin e :iloo:n.

He also was Belfas t ~nan .

City seal •,1as a Johnny 1-iayes.

T~e artist w~o nade the die for the replic a of the

Luc:1 of t:1e old stone of the old buildi ng, also the li:ne uld ~or tar Cwhen ·ut t:1roug h a mortar :nill and fresh added; uere :re-use d in the constr uction of the new hall

us eu m

ou n

ag h

M nt y

ou C

ou C h

ag rm

Ar m

ag h

Ar m

Ar m © •

nt y

Ar m

( "i.e cei ved fro!ll hr . Henry HcAvin chey, 17 Feb., 195 5)

and on •.;.any other buildi ngs.

ou nt y

lly blaci hat (carve rs and artist s at t~is period genera He did ::mch work in Belfas t and wore t:1eir hair long). ,:as engage d on carvin gs in stone at the City Hall there

Ar m

who tle was a s.ncJll. .:!an , about 5' 3", of ,;ood appear ance, ,.ore nis 11 :1air long" and he always wore a large soft

us eu m

us eu m M

T'1e

iP the

towr.: of so a st:i a.:ng city ·Ta , .. owev,:;r, ~ :lldJ.-.,:et ~ rd tlle iou . '-" rth gran ted a new • 10"' K1· n 0c- ~~a to t·Je ~ 1 cn .~rc ,:.,.: .siop , ~;.u rt r for Lar ·,_t s d'1c. .t1'e1irs a co"'f:i.r-i.Jt::. 01 , of an ·· .· ~·1 se s .:.nd e"d to have bJen

ou nt y

House i· s unknown . .{,e date o.r its :irs t Lar; cet

t '1 a ,,,eei{ly ,aur;,._ t ;1acl bee .. ;:;le.

..lt of ..1.:.r d".

us eu m

~ 1..

ou n

-~ ''" tc~."l

ou nt y

t.:..1e

ag h

as fo

Ar m

nt y

ag h

Ar m

" ,car ,t the Round. Tow er .. cco:::- · ." .,..; to O' Don ovan "bte eple er is st.:.1 1 known as ro.! nd 1 Rou im antr ~·.,r .:.r.:::t:mce t 1e ::. disa ppe aran ce fina t,1e £he date of ·'- 1e stee le" . Its CJ'11:'..cal cap un. cr>o ,.rn is " eple "Ste ag:1 A.r.!l 1e f t - see • • m1a l s lLd in rsto at gre a in vff ,.. 5 ·)lo·.m f ';Le i octr I.as ters ".

t a l.:i.: 1tati on of Uls tur it see: .is t:ia been a nec e.;s ity b1..;.t ::.n .?:-i ar i-ll:' ,et .:ou se voJ. ld have 1 Jars of 1641 · it si .. _ly 0 ,.cl an' s ''i,ar :::-a tive of the t "A r.n a~.. ~ : tne .s ;u ';.3~ un- er date La~· 2. 1-;4;,: tha , and 1!lth its be.1.""s and org aus ea~· _c1:-c1l w::.t'.1 its sto3epl e(l) Fo __ owi . _; t· "

ace rdi:

d of .( re e et.:. t.:.0:1 o ...· Eu.;:1 C :. eil:: ., ....ar_ the city .:.r 1Gu J it ~ to an I~q 2isi tion ta~e n iu

en t .e

ted to t.:e citi ze!' ls L. 158 7 a ..\1cs day ,,ar'.<et .1as :;ran

us eu m

v;I •<u::.'' ct.:t -•OllS e \/US

prob abl;r buil t circ a l(6C ,.

~:~c .

us eu m M

ou C rm

h ag

Ar m ©

nt y

ou C h

Ibid ,

nt y

ag h

(2)

Ar m

See Stua rt ' s "ArJ,agl:i" , p . 4.::7.

ou nt y

G. ? . Pate rson .

(,::)

p. 550 .

ou n r.

Ar m

ag h

Ar m ©

i.rci1 bisho p :t.:.l lia:J Seve nty - chre(:: y..:iors late r in 1315 et :ious e , ;:it 5L.1crc JCOl" ed -·;:1~ city ·.::.t11.t;1e pres ent llark . (3) ~ That L-ui lding stil l stan ds ~n expc ndi t-...;_re 0f ..:.3,uvv. tran sitio n from i.ark et a1d I noi! ap_ end an acco unt of its ry .. c:..vi. c:1ey of E;d·.-mrd _:ouse "'.;o scho ol ·,rri tte '·.y !;r . ::e'." o: his .~ow ledg e of S"'.;reJt and ·::.ven to ne as a reco ~d life ir. a ,eri od t e ~u::. idin~ in fift y y2ar s of act.: .ve 1 to the ..'.'ore. ,c?s~ ;:oo...;. oper at::.v e ,.:aso ns Here st.:.1

at a co&t of

ou nt y

us eu m

winr ; c,__ tJ.r y -:..,.t •,.:.vc s i·v::. v~d ur.t il ir,to t·1c follo ): .:.n :; "10 th ce;it ury sc ,:;.ve een S1:>' ·,i1g s.i.c;;ris of d::?ca: died Jul·, .cJ, .c7l,~, .. udc as ·,:c.1bisr109 :far:;l1 .3ou lter w:10 a ,-:urk t:1ac was duly r"·.,.:.si on i'Jr a new Lar :et l:011se, coJ1 plete d tnc bi.....'..lcl.i.n 6 c~rr i..:d uut by :1is exec utors C<'.\ ,;ho

:.. t . c:

us eu m

"'ow ';;h, Techni ~.a-, Sc .0 o1

•

It ,·.'as a two-sto ried llu::.ld1. -G , bu::.lt of

: ~ar lc315.

si tc1ated in ..or:wt St:..0'"t ir. :rc,nt ~.w uld Cat:~-1C:ral, was erect0d by Bis.,o!, Jtaart in t:~e

ou nt y o ..:

us eu m

r:0~.sQ

,_gTl:at

~ · jl;;

· d ,. s J..:_~i~:tL1C

1·

M M

ag h

and ::. t was f::.ni shed wi t:i a ;:;raLJd orna~e.~ tal corr.:. ce

ou nt y

c:,ping.

Ar m

dressed in local li:neston c wit'.1 stone balustra des and

us eu m

ou n

· '.... · tl1e ·ooc~oll Sc.Jrey, " ~ .. r ·.c in .:here is so:w fine s-ro,1~

wooc:.e~ nallet .

foat is, it .:.s finished with a puncn, dressed •:rith a

in v1:rnt .:.s ::!lo,m .:.n t!'le ouild:;.ng trade as s. ar~'O\f p::.c.c-10.,

_...,. - - r.><,t :1.::ving a l" c:1i sel draft around ::. t, t·.,."

drEsscd li~c stone iD larze ls~lar bloc~s, cac~ stone

nt y

Ar m

It was sur:n0un tGd or. the front \-:ith a clock :rnich

ag h

·:r-~c bottou.1 story was used for the buyi1;r; and selling

nt y

Ar m

ol' corr., :rain and ;iotato" s and '.,as fitted .r.i.t':1 several

:or s.1ort ti:ne storage .

:CcJrt;0 sc.:;les for ·:,ei 6hine t!1ese goods, and had so:ne s"" aca

ag rm

·~cat spring to the floor .

itch :9ine bea:ns, about 18" x 18" and

~ve ~

Ar m

:;,..1.p.t';,.,rtcd on several

'::'Jn,~crt s, etc. and it was in co.n:non use as a good dancing '.ri1is was ,,Ll: as .:.t hac a good pitch ~in e floor.

Ar m

1'hc upp,n story was used for public .:1eeting s, lecture s ,

us eu m

86.

us eu m

to :10ld political It was USGd or. several occ~~i·on.,~ ... · eth . r.'._;s ar.d at election ti·aes as a po 11 At booth . __ ing

s ' in ~'-~i·, ,· ,.,., ~v ,--~~ t.1e '...ac·-c were Several s.Jall bu·.1." ldi·~··s ... • •

ou nt y

· eh di~'ferent il"oods were sold on ~a r ket days .

I re:ncmber my t;randr.i.ott1er telling :.1e t hat work.1er.

.iseC:. to asse=l:le h, re eac'1 o1or -:ing "before t .. e bells on

to u iyo •c \ho "ould require their services.

'", . ., C t_ .::ur~.t begar, to ring", to offer t·ie selves ..'.'or work

If it was the :1arvest ti'Ile, t'.1ey

or per:1a::-s a ',arrou.

f hey turned u., ,-1itl1 t:1eir ovm tools, a spade, a shovel,

us eu m

atllerin~ stones off lanu,

·1\10 wages of:e:red were a few

ou nt y

s~il_i nes ,er week.

Ar m

...iJ...dng and u:..it ter maki1g .

w~theri n~ potatoes , ~iftin: corn,

ag h

ou n

:,any woJJen •.-rould turn up al so, to work at

seyt~1es.

cgr~ied r~tcl1:o r~s, ra~es, sycles or at a latter date

nt y

1:.e Larket :iouse wus contr olled oy a body Known as the

:he flax a.:irket, po r ;( 11ari-cet, fowl :i1arket , butter and eggs

ag h

Ar m

:'olls Co~:ni ttee w'.10 also controlled tne 'i'ontir:>e roo~.i.s and

nt y

Ar m

ar!~-:, ·,,Licl. were situated in a.:.fferent parts of the town,

a. c. 9-:; all of ,-itich they collected tolls .

Ar m

1~is Co ~ittee continued to exist until the end of the

Ar m

~~·-into existen ce and they had a Bill moved in the

:issed for Irel 3 nd, the Ar:nagh Urban District Cou.ncil

:,s .

.::ist cen·~ .r~ , vhen shortly after the Local Govern:nent Act

ag rm

,l .• , .i.nster tlo..ise of Co-nmons and supported by the then Irish

!% ,

us eu m

~'1.

us eu m

C inc:l

ou nt y

--:.r "'"'t H0use continued to te used for tnc IJUrpuses

t o_:'..., " .

~r.a

t th_e . t:1c Larket ,1ouse "'~nc., m,,,r·cets - • 6 J_vcn o itj the ri~ht to ow1 markets and collect

a e:. '.-.tio '1eld a schoo::. in one of the hoc1.ses called

T':1c

5,--;e·~ ::ouses'' (later tic Labour .;xchange) i·:s';~·t,cted the

::Jr ·.-,:1icn it ';o.s built up to 1913, u:1en t 1ie Urban Council

M ty

us eu m

ou n

So ,.:..· . Jo:1'") C:il'l'er, who a cc,.iple of years b-.fore

ag h

Pri~ci.al of the iec~rical SchoJl to draw plans for the

r~cc,~s~ruct2d t~e Toiti e roo~s into the City ~all, beca-e v- ·

.,r. ::lobe rt

ou nt y

Ar m

t... c.rc· •.:.tect of the new l'ec:rnica_ sc·,

nt y

.. r. l~rank Donaghy, a .!oson, ·,:as ::ore:ian, and

C-.u..:i.en of Portadown secured the contract - i1e, also , built

ag h

Ar m

~i··'-'r'-'- . . c .. ,rinc· cy 1.ms cl<.?r.-: of vor rn.

nt y

isturbed -:inc. t'.1.i.s po!'tion was left as it had

Ar m

,0 t

sa w:is

t1.: r-cconstr-c1.cted wor.{, ti1e botto.1 of the old 1-iarket

7,1e wooc.e,., iloors were taken up

T1is

1_ did jou .

~ ~

Jic.;h cn~r.,;_ed -!;na new walls of t:1e neu school.

Ar m

•

ad c,v'-lr the bac,< wall on to a new reinforced co,...crete

~c.

., c. re l e..,c. •..:.t:. re:i.nl'orced concrete fL,ors.

.d clock ~ouse .

Ar m

ccs

~-r

..:'i.t:: top storey was tairnn dm·m wit:1 tr1e i1eav:· stone

secnnC: i'.1.oor

eu ,_

J-.J

us M l

le · 1::.1

?1c ::,tcne

nt y

ou nt y

ou n

(;

-a.JO uaS

Ar m

Ar m ©

r._·,.

tJ!"e to ::i.1c s.~"JJ.e colou:r.

c........

" str· cor

.1...•'\ -~

us eu m

M y

an.G. W1' -::'1 is the

.. Cl

c::. -

.Zor ti1e new u Jr'.: uas ,,~,.

ag h

o:.c.

W.Jl' t

T" · s·0,.r · _,dt:u

nt ou

stu c

:; •

M ou nt y C

of t'1e ·,:alls a dispute arose with

b·1__;_1ding

nt y

Ar m

is al~o~t a thin~ of tae past) . Duri'1£ t'1e

(Stone-dre ssing

trade :rJ~ rat~er to son ror ~encrat::.on s.

ag h

0.:'.:ssers ,,,e7'e t:1e last of fa ..iilics ,-rho had Ccl:'ricd o"' t.1::.s

wide,

h ag rm

Ar m

The briclts 1-:ere sand and. li:ne r ade

n-::·:_d with brick work .

Specified in tae contract the walls 11ere to be 14

of the r>ew walls .

Ar m

the Contractor and the Clerk of Works on the constructio n

£'12

t .. c rcof -~~e als~ o~ r~info=ccd

ruof on t· 1 e new ·U~;,.._- ld.~

tJe cloc~ s::.~enced!

crece,

us eu m

}1c Cl'

us eu m

-....-.

us eu m

J1:ry l.l;i u •• r . .t()cl:oo'1d.

'£he

us eu m

uinto..1.r.ca

eu m

·en

(.:i

"'_1:,;_·;rator .

us eu

ou n

•1:,s

M y

A local Govern e--it Inspec tor

ag h

cc.

ou nt y

.,.. e, .'.'i,,.:.s,,ed, toe old Larh.et .:ouse :1ad been con-1er teo.

nt y

at t:1e ti..,;e as tr.e .~r-"ag:-:

})U l'_'.:)0S8

f,_ sO::.'S, ::rnd fulfil led its

Ar m

.r..,:.i a t\/::,-s toricd Luild:'..ng to a t:1ree- storied one: c . ::.:.,·c:;:i:.bly enlarg ed, wit,1 ·~any class roo.ns, wood '!Jlock

nt y

ag h

take

.:.. ~ result was tnat :1e :1ad to drl.ss 'c'..G st~n<Js to full b:::ick and insert Bond Stones ,ii.ere requir ed .

r.:. :,t.

ns e C.; ~racto r 1ras not i~t~r_ ratit~ ·ae specif icatio

J-·

Ar m

~nG~

.-..:'.'t..,.· "' rrolo:1 ;:;ecl. hcari:-- g .:.t was evsr.tu ally s2ttle d

Ar m

h ag rm

Ar m

was ar ~et: u. to ;;he time of tlle Second ·:lorld '.far when it beca·.ne t'1e Local i;"~- J o·, _r clnd clfter so'lle recons tructio n

Ar m

-'tc:, ..:.cnl Sc:1001 and up to tbe presen t . _ .c lo:~r iortio n contin ued to be ~sed as a ;rain

". ressni; cd · ~ ~ "-::". 0_11,,~ , Sol.'..c itor, Pvrto c,

Vit--

i.1C

:i·.J e Cleric u.L ilor!a:s

C h

or 9" os '~c

to hrtitr atio .

1:::.6 to ~o

c_sr~t c

s:.-" ...

ou nt y

t,. C.r.ss large stJncs dow1~ to

: i ••

us eu m

--· 9o '.:':1on

-4::;

ou nt y

/u..;1, v-·:·icc was c:0sed t'.1c Technic.:il At orities tc:rn3d

c_assroo:i: '-y c.1a'.{j_r g « c0ncrete s'cair a'; t·1c ground i'loor.

;: ,_ .. 3r·:'"t Jouse 'curncd Tec·1r,ical Sc'lool ~aY soon

·uc'.1 larzer and 'llor0 co 1odious building, ::1orc

or a

_ unri.

It is

.:.r. :~e:in:; ·•it:~ ,JOdern r0qi.:.i re:.wnt s :in educatio·1.

1ave to change ~ts ~w-C again, as t~ere S8G~s to be a

to it,

ou C

nt y

ou C h

ag Ar m ©

nt y

ag h Ar m ©

ou nt y

h ag

.1~_1ry !-,ct\.vin c'.1 ey.

Ar m

us eu

ou n

M ty

ou C

ag h

S(c;C

tie ti.:e co:nes, c:1at it ::.s t ....rned to s~.,e use.:'ul

aJ.1c::.e. t cit:;

.,~ a.1. ... :1ops1 that our city fatLcrs '.-Till

Ar m

~t.:..1 a very 3ound and ~ood builuing and has as lc~iid

us eu m

a •.ar"ct Da: t· e ..:arket p2.ace ,.-,as a ver. c0:.vL,rEul ~.!.::ice.

· 1.0!' ~OOQS Sc.: 1 1;;..

•

ou nt y

'icr,do~·s vf ..,_.,_ :;orts t-.i.rned up, iiit::1

.b?den disbes_ for butter :ua:anc, ,'Jrrl wooden • ri11ts for :na.{ing butter into lbs . S-.J.ne had cows, a:id flowers, etc . and was :rand craftsJJanship.

D~- s:~:a~\~!, s 1 ,L.~~9..I.SJ

m eu

us eu

nt y

ou C

nt y

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

r.cAleavey. t-:ccray. . Carried grain to be weighed.

Bell Ringer .

Jinny Banks - one eye and sharp tongue. ~eighed potatoes.

Ar m

Coffee Shop.

_ Gibson 1 s Pavmshop . . hiss Cochran I s - fixed u:nbrellas and sol d delph .

Charoct_r--~

_ Hitchell - long hair and :noustache .

l. 1,CU ci '1 G

Ar m

c-,,\.,.ac1\

l·'.ake; s

Ar m

- Bob Baxter.

B.,,,o''"Je

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- Second Hand Clothes, a.,d .iad a wonderfi:.l flo,-: of tan. "';fay :'..ie ir ··ed 1rlth a couple of old top coats w,1e!1 you can get a first class blan%et for so little?" Overcoat. 11 ,ihy go about foundering with the cold wl1en you can get an overcoat '.l1ade by the i.,aster tailor''.

l."sterson ~iL..,; ~ i ;;n ;:e;J;.s..

- 1l:i.ti1 Coalisland Crocks u:;ed for gathering :nil:c :3read bins, wooden lid.

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t~ . (:.c..a:10n) .

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~J.l.i.kfil:.S. - Broo:ns we:ce :nade fro:n heather . (,.cLahon) Pot scrubbers.

.:;,N ,n:.s. - ·.:·. t.i ch~:·ns, cnurn staffs, wooden buc'-:et~, t1' s . ..:.. scro ~oulo. be th:·ee or four and there was great rivalr, for s~:..es .

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:·entals .

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:,;, d oi' tllcse culourful mar;cets - Council wo·Jld

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.::1e r-.ont of the l·,arket House had 4 ::1igh steps ris.i.r.g a:.i,

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3 1 4·' with a riath around 3 1 wide whic:: made a ready ::,la t:::oru1

Ior o:sators of all description s who :nade use of it on ..1an::

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occaslor-s and harangued the passer- by on .1any subjects .

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THE BERESFORD ARMS HOTEL

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ARMAGH DIOCESAN LOCAL STUDY GROUf

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I f ear I shall be talkin g longer than usual tonigh t Last and for t hat I crave your forgiv eness here and now. time I was with you I tried in a simple way to intere st you

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in the fact that the street s of our city did, in realit y, envisage past episod es and person ages l inked with local

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Now, owing to Mr. Harry McAvi nchey's indisp ositio n, I On this occasi on have been invite d to come before you again . I propos e to deal not with st r eets but with a house in

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My reason for Englis h Street well-kn own to all of you. in doing so is due to t he follow ing accoun t of the premises this month 's ''Ulste r Commentary" whe rein, i n an art i cle on

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occurs : -

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e t he "Histo ric Assoc iations of Old Inns", the follow ing passag

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"The Beresf ord Arms, Armagh , is an histor ical house in to a city steepe d in histor y, where the Cathed ral dates back On the site of the presen t hotel stood the the year 445.

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in reside ntial houses of one of the most famous unive rsities Here, while a studen t, stayed Aldfri d, the ancien t world.

Denis o•D. Hanna, Ulster Commentary, No.154 , November 1958.

(1)

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born". (l)

King of the Northu mbrian Saxons in 684 and a stone' s throw was away is the place where st. Malach y of the Golden Collar

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The paragra ph in questio n shows vivid powers of Let us imagin ation but, alas, no grasp of reality !

Patrick as you are all aware arrived in Armagh in the year 444 A.D. and set his heart upon the hill-to p site, within the enclosi ng rings of which Daire, the

Chiefta in of the area, then resided .

(1)

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examine the points embodied in that stateme nt - we shall take them in sequenc e -

The saint's plea

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We may arose the first Christi an temple in our city. ascribe it to the year of his arrival , but we have no

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clear evidenc e as to the date of the erectio n of his second church - it must have been at least a decade later

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That the Beresfo rd Arms stands upon uthe site of one of the residen tial houses of one of the most famous univer sities in' the ancien t world" is very doubtf ul. (2)

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work was made availab le.

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before the plot within the inner ring of the great earth-

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that only those who had studied theolog y in Armagh might It teach that subjec t elsewhe re through out the country .

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Armagh has, of course, claims to univer sity status, for in 1162 it was decreed by the bishops and clergy of Ireland

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is well to remember, however, that at that particu lar period the site of the hotel was withou t the outer defence

for space for a church there was refused , but he was given accommodation on lower ground in a small rath and there

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of the city - not with in it.

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from 1134 unti l 1137 , and died in 1148 . an Mala chy of the Golden Coll ar was, however, Commonly known as Mala chy entir ely diffe rent perso nage . in 978, and in the Seco nd, he defea ted the Danes near Tara Not Dubl in . the same year succ essfu lly attac ked them in

ter in 989, at cont ent with those t riumphs he invad ed Muns

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You will notic e, however, that Bere sford Arms, Aldf rid negl ected to ment ion his stay in the ston e's throw a hous e that we are infor med lies with in "a the Golden away 11 from the place where "St. Malachy of Adm ittedl y there is not much dista nce Colla r was born ". that occu pies invo lved betwe en the Bere sford and the house plac e, but the trad ition al site of St. Mala chy's birth "Golden Coll ar". there is no link between the saint and the , was Arch bisho p St, Mala chy was born here in the year 1095

scho larly community.

a cond

A poem known as his

"In Ardmach the splen did nce blend ed He found meek ness, wisdom and prude Fasti ng and obed ience to the Son of God And noble prosp erous men of learn ing", ition of affa irs sugg estiv e of an activ e and

Irela nd certa inly visit ed Armagh. 11 Itine rary 11 state s that -

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"Here ", we are told, rid of the North umbr ian Aldf "whi lst a stude nt" staye d King Princ e Aldf rid - to give him his then Saxons in 684. title - was in exile and durin g hi·s wan d ering s throu gh

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Provi nce. which time Brian Boru was undis puted King of that diatel y made Brian was a soldi er of equal calib re and imme ter and repri sals, where upon Malachy again plund ered Muns to Dubli n conquered Brian in battl e, after- ward s march ing

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1014, Curio usly enough, after Brian Boru 's death in absol ute Malach y became High King and was indee d t he last He died in Armagh in 1022 and was monarc h of Irela nd. part of the burie d with great ceremony - presu mably in that ents. cath edral ceme tery appro priate d to regal interm The hotel is, But to retur n to the Beres ford Arms .

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Commentary".

you tonig ht. in fact, the house that I wish to discu ss with in the city Ther e are, of cours e, dozen s of other build ings ''Ulst er of equal meri t but they have not yet figur ed in

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the days of old sons betra yed her the colla r of gold her proud invad er".

Let Erin remember Ere her faith less When Malac hy wore Which he won from

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lines -

he succe ssive ly and re-at t acking the Danes , on which occas ion lict two encount ered and vanqu ished in a hand to hand conf one and a Danish cham pions , takin g a colla r of gold from Moore in the sword from the other , an event commemorated by

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THE BERESFORD ARl,18,

for.no rly arms bla zoned with t hose of the See of Armagh were Paint ed in true displ ayed on the front of the hotel . between heral dic colou rs they cover ed a large space of wall

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Event ually the t he centr e windows of the first floor . or igina l board became decay ed and was repla ced by the er prese nt hangi ng sign, a rever sion to one of the earli The premi ses, however, go back f or:n s of ident ifica tion. f ar beyond the days of Lord John ' s Prima cy .

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ied In the early eight eenth centu ry the house was occup 17~~ was colla ted by th e Rev. Natha niel Whaley, M. A., who in He had previ ously been a chapl ain to rector of A.r.nagh. s Archb ishop Linds ay and was much thoug ht of by the famou Stuar t in Dean Swift in whose corres ponde nce he figur es. being his "Memoirs of Armagh" recou nts an anecd ote of Swift nt in t he city in that year whils t the walls of the ancie

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a quarr y Abbey of St . Peter and St. Paul were being used as h in f or stone s for the build ing of the Presb yteria n Churc

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Abbey Stree t . Wh aley ' s selec tion as recto r was oppos ed by the Crown te took vmo claim ed the right of prese nt ment, but the Prima

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The Beres ford Ar~s com~emorate s Lord John George famil y Beres ford, a princ ely Archb ishop of Armagh, and his

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t '1e !llntter to t he House of Lords and successfully secured

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t l1e appoi nt iaent of his own no!llinee.

In 1728 and 1729

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Sw·l ft was again in County Armagh and made a long stay at

Mar lce t hill with Sir Archibald Acheson, ancestor of the

F.a rls of Go sford , and we can be sure he frequently called

That Swift and he were very intimate is borne out by a

letter dated 5th April, 1717, wherein we learn that Mr.

Whaley ( with other gentlemen) drank Swift I s health daily -

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a custom assuming a close personal friendship and affection .

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Swift was honoured with the Freedom of Armagh in 1728 and

Charlemont.

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i n t he sa:ne year was made a Freeman of t be Borough of

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house, and incidentally in the rectorship of Armagh, by

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Mr. Whaley died in 1738 and was succeeded in the

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t he Rev. Henry Jenny, D.D., a former Prebendary of Mulla-

during the Dean's visits to the Achesons.

Stuart wr1ting

br ack in which parish he became acquainted with Swift

in t he house subsequently owned by George Parks - the

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in 1819 tells us that Dr. Jenny resided in English Street

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f irst o\>mer after it was utilized as an hotel, and that

t he syste-~ of bell-pulls used in fashionable houses in

Armagh in Sw1ft ' s time were even then to be seen.

by cor r espondence with Lords Oxford, Bolingbroke, etc .

upon his friend in Armagh whose cause he had ably supported

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shi ngled.

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that time t h e house and two adjacent mansions were still

The Rev. Henry, the last of the

the years 1666-173 3.

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Four The Jenny.\ were a notable clerical family. mo~bers in successio n were rectors of Mullabra ck between

year he became Archdeacon of Armagh, a dignity that he Like his resigned in 1738 for the benefice of Armagh.

family to officiat e there, replaced his father in that parish in 1708, and remained there lllltil 1733, in which

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predeces sor he was also a friend of the Dean of St. Patrick ' s and tradition states that Switt preached for

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him in Mullabra ck Church, and was much apprecia ted by the parishion ers, some of ,mom appear in poems written from

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Jenny himself is mentioned in several such eff usions, includin g the familiar "Grand Question Debated whether Hamilton 's Bawn be turned into a Barrack or a

Mar kethill.

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Later Swift blamed "Jinny" for a rather

curate to •Jinny".

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Malt-hou se", wherein we are informed that "Swift waa ao shabby and looked like a ninny, the Captain supposed he was

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derogato ry reply but the latter was able to prove hie Like Swift he was innocenc e and the friendsh ip continued .

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roll by two years. Local tales state that Swift was sometimes Jenny ' s

I a Freeman of Charlemo nt, but waa the Dean s senior on the

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/ DO.

11 s bodY so lately embodied , afterw ards dining at t he 11K1ng,

Head'' where t he y quaf fed many toasts .

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a window in the dining- room, follow ing a review on the Four years earlie r in March 1780 a duel was Common s.

which the latter was killed .

fought in the hotel yard between Captain Maxwell of the Second Compan y of Armagh Volunt eers and a Mr. McClane in

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In 1792 Mr. Charle s McReynolds took over from Parks and under his care the hotel became lmown as the Molyneux Ar:ns, thus compli mentin g a local family that numbered

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amongst its member s Samuel Molyneux, Chief Engine er of Ireland , who died in 1692, William Molyneux (1658-1698),

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11 Case of Irelan d Stated , the Right Honble. Samuel Molyneux, t he eminen t mathem atician who died in 1727, and Thomas Molyneux 1661-1773, a former Physic ian-Ge neral of Irelan d, created a barone t in 1730,

the author of the

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w.1ose statue by Roubi lliac is one of the finest memori als No doubt McReyn olds had those facts in Armagh Cathed ral.

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in mind but it is probab le that he specia lly wished to honour Sir Capel Molyneux, Bart., an ardent Irish Volunt eer 'Who later at the format ion of Yeomanry Corps in 1796 raised

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Later in 1784, the Volunteer Ear l of Charla mont, Colone l of the Armagh Regiment of Volunt eers, and Commander-in- Chief of the Irish Volunt eers inspec ted a march past of county companies, from

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for a duel t he Cast ledil lon Infan try and is still remembered He was then he fough t in the Palac e De:nesne in Apri l 1797 . the first aged eight y years and winge d his oppon ent with m The quar rel is s aid to have begun in tha dinin g-roo shot.

yard to the of t he hote l and ~ras trans ferre d from the hotel quali ty" d8'll esne out of cons idera tion for some "ladi es of

who tried in vain to preve nt the fight . er in In 1793 Char les McReynolds was admi tted a partn the Armagh the f ir~ of Leon ard and Kennedy• prop rieto rs of neux Arms Stage Coach which conve yance then left the Moly

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hour of 4 a.m. for Dubl in on three days each weak at the early Coach came In 1795' a faste r vehic le known as the Armagh Fly modation into com:ni ssion leavi ng at the same hour, its accom

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and, as limit ed to six insid e and four outsi de passe ngers was usua l then, equip ped with a guard . accou nt In Augu st 1796 McReynolds died and we have an

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11 A1exander Hami lton Diary , a manus cript He was burie d at Stewa l'tstow n in the Publ ic Libra ry. men in scarf s "attended to the grave by a grea t body of horse them all and hat band s and a grea t many carri ages , among The same sourc e the Armagh Hackney chais e and a coach ".

of the fune ral in the

for two nigh ts.

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'Nho had gives the addi tiona l infor matio n that trave llers procu re reach ed Ar:nagh the eveni ng befo r e were unab le to in the oit y trans port to othe r town• and thus had to r811lain

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11.

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10'2.

The Ar.nagh Fly Coach had then been speeded up by tho

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provision of six sets of horses, but by October of that

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year there was an adjustment of the time-table resulting in the journey to Dublin again taking a day and a half,

The sale bill described the

of land outside the city.

In March 1797 McReynold ' s interest, including furniture, plate, carriages, etc. was sold with two acres

and at Dundalk returning north.

passengers staying overnight in Drogheda on the way south

premises as the 11Head Inn 11 but that seems to have been

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locally.

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descriptive of its position as the hotel of most importance

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The new owner seems to have been a John Tobin, but three years later, in March 1800, he resold the hotel and It was

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the stock, furniture, carriages, horses, etc.

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then advertised as the Molyneux Arms.

The purchaser' s name is not now recoverable but it

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is probable that it was the Mr. James Reilly who was host in 1808 when Thomas Ensor, an officer of the Armagh Militia,

The place by then had become the "King' s Arms" and

fight.

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,,,as rendered bloodless by the timely arrival of three gentlemen of influence brought in by Reilly to stop the

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later its Lieut.-Colon el, and Captain Weld met to fight a The field of honour, we are told, duel in the hotel yard.

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away .

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oria l bear ings of the tho Roy al arms had disp lace d the arm Such chan ges wore freq uent in the Molyneux fam ily• and were due to eigh teen th and nine teen th cent urie s, liment a part icul ar vari ous reas ons such as wish ing to comp l caus e. personag e or show inte rest in a poli tica atta ched much The hote l t h en had an assembly-room ' othe r soci al in de~a nd for Hunt and Race dinn ers and was furn ishe d with even ts, and goss ip affir ms that the bar up the debt s of the sl ates in fram es whereon were chal ked Each slat e is said to have young bloo ds of the town. lly kept clos ed, been prot ecte d by a pane l which was usua s pilo ted by and drun ks were sent home in carr iage ntio n soon to pass pos tilli ons - a plea sant form of atte

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It n chan ged, By 1824 the name of the hote l was agai Will iam Rog ers, the had become the Roy al Hibe rnia n and Mr. rior com forts of a then prop riet or, was adv ertis ing supe appr oval of the type that he felt would meet with the ision in thos e days nob ility and gent ry, a nece ssar y prov were as colo urfu l as when liat a of arri vals and depa rtur es Trav elle rs from the nort h and sout h a Cou rt Circ ular . e and the new f ound the town a conv enie nt halt ing- plac thei r liki ng, just as own er of the Roy al Hibe rnia n much to ier host s in the days t heir pred oces sors had foun d its earl tativ es to the old when the city was send ing two repr eaen

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Irish House of Commons, and the hotel was the rendozvo us of reno,-med politic al characte rs on their way to and from

In 1825 the hotel was the scene of a robbery by which a guest was deprived of a sum of one hundred pounds . Rogers with a friend pursued the thief by coach to Ba111eboro ' ,

until 1790.

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Dublin, amongst them celebrate d f igures like Henry Grattan, ~ember for the adjoinin g Borough of Charlemont from 1775

in County Cavan, and from thence on horsebac k to Kells in

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County Meath where by the aid of a police inspecto r the fugitive was arrested having in his possessio n the amount

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This caused stolen, less sixty shilling s spent on the way . an even greater sensation in the city than the seizure of

macross, Ardee and Slane.

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daily from the four points of the compass, and by 1840 a fresh route was added to Dublin by Castlebla yney, Carrick-

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th e Ar:nagh Coach in May of the preVious year for smuggling At that time coaches were leaving and arriVing tobacco!

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The new serVice was used by Maria Edgeworth, the distingu ished novelist , in September 181+4, and a letter

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still surVives wherein she describe s how 'When staying wit h her stepsist er, Mrs. Robinson , at Armagh Observat ory, she

It had been planned to Visit her cousin at Ardee. decided original ly that the journey should be made by chaise

104.

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19.

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but the day of depa rture prove d so incle ment she postp oned time that leavi ng for some days, disco verin g in the mean

Whil st in Armagh she had been sford , and calle d upon by Archb ishop Lord John George Bere and his his siste rs, and had lunch ed with Lord Caledon elite of moth er , and had visit ed or been visit ed by the

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the coun ty.

journ ey two days earli er.

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gues ts, day ' s racin g, an amen ity much appre ciate d by the owing t o many of whom were bedded out in priva te house s To the sport ing frate rnity lack of room in the hote l. the more the place was alway s known as Roger ' s Hote l but

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Roger s took an activ e inter est in sport and often ings, acted as Clerk of the Cours e at local race meet was keen besid es dona ting a Chall enge CUp for which there Durin g his time the hote l provi ded comp etitio n annu ally. wing each 11 0rdin aries 11 in the eveni ng at six o ' clock follo

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being again reviv ed.

Molyneux cons ervat ive loca ls still refer red to it as the olde r name Ar~s, and publ ic opini on later resul ted i n the

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tly by the she could reach her desti natio n more conv enien She joine d the coach at five recen tly open ed route . in a storm o'clo ck in the morn ing at Roge r's Inn, and loft delay her just as viole nt as that which had cause d her to

lO~

.F-I.

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was the assembl yDur ing Roger s • ownersh i p the hot el ndly Bro ther s of st. pl ace of the Armagh Knot of the Frie g t he r ein The Soc iety held its inau gura l me etin Patr ick , utes show that the on the 19th June , 1824 , and its min rnia n. Whe ther the hote l was then cal led the Royal Hibe for the retu rn to the Frie ndly Bro ther s were resp ons ible do know t hat t heir ear lier name is not clea r, but we n beca me t he Holyneux min utes dis clos e that the hot el agai Octo ber 1844 it had Arms betw een 1833 and 183 4, but by thas has endu red des pite become the Ber esfo rd Arms, a titl e The dred yea rs. changes in ownersh i p, for ove r a hun was Lord John George Arch bishop of Ar:na gh t hus hon oure d la Poer Ber esfo rd, 1st Ber esfo rd, seco nd son of George de Lord John Ber esfo rd, Marquess of Water ford , and unc l~ of er 4th Marq ue ss) , fath er a former rect or of Mull abra ck (lat V.C. of Ad!llir al Lord Charl es Ber esfo rd, Prim ate of All Lord J ohn George was Arc hbis hop and in tha t time was a I rela nd f r om 182 2 unt il 186 2, and e, besi des enco urag ing libe ral sup port er of ever y good caus ve grou ps of hou ses t he buil ding of t he t wo mos t attr acti Ber esfo rd Row and in the city , t he terr aces knot-in as a He also erec ted at his own expe nse Ch arle mon t Pla ce. for t he Blin d), was Fev er Hospita l (now t he Macan Asylum the anc ient Cat hed ral resp ons ible for t he rest ora tion of

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of St. Patric k, the enlarg ement of th e Observ atory and the Royal Schoo l with other works of public utilit y.

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Indeed no Archb ishop of Armagh other than Lord Rokeby has l eft so person al a mark on the city.

In 1843 Thacke ray whilst in Armagh made the hotel His accoun t of t he town is somewhat his headquarters . flatte ring and indeed amusing. He depart ed on a Sunday,

and in the mornin g had seen ladies distrib uting tracts in variou s street s so was alarmed in case they should descen d upon him when leavin g as he was conspi cuous with

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bag and baggag e and might have incurr ed their disapp roval His guilty feelin gs did by trave lling on the Sabbat h. not, howev er, spoil the pleasu re of his drive to Portadown

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Jame s Wiltshi re who in 1845 obtain ed a lease of the centre portio n of the Mall and with chara cteris tic gener osity, made it availa ble to the public for cricke t, a game then

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wh ere he joined the train - t he railwa y having been laid t o th at point on its way from Belfas t to Armagh. About t hat date the Beresf ord Arms passed to Mr.

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in its infanc y in the city, and result ing in the founda tion of the Armagh Cricke t Club in 1859 and the use of the Mall

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Field as the Club Pitch from 1861 to date. The railwa y reache d Armagh in 1848 and on the 7th ors Februa ry of that year a specia l train with fourte en direct

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After

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of the Ulster Railway Company arrived in the city. lunching at the Beresfo rd they returned to Belfast .

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t he ~eeting it was agreed to open the Armagh Section and accordin gly its serVice operate d from the first day of the

daily .

following month and from thence until after the coming of the motor-car, tha hotel horse-dr awn omnibus met each train

In 1850 Wiltshir e joined forces with Jones of Enniski llen in the running of tvro folll'-ho rse coaches between

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The coach left the city on the arrival of t he 9 .15 a . :n . train and was due at Enniski llen at 4.30 p . m., the second coach leaVing the latter town dail y at 9 a ,m. and reaching Armagh to make connect ion with

Armagh and that town.

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This amenity t he 4. 5 p . m, train from here to Belfast . shortene d the journey from Belfast to Enniski llen by two

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similar arrangem ent came into being the previou s year whereby passeng ers from Belfast to Dublin used the railway to Armagh, driving from thence to Castlebl ayney

hours.

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Earlier still there had been a like service to Drogheda wh en the railway was opened to that town on its

hours.

From that period

the busine ss from 1852 until about 1878.

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way from Dublin to Belfast . Followi ng Mr. Wiltshi re 's death bis widow carried on

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fro~ whi ch poin t they were able to continue by train to Dundalk, Droghed a, and Dublin, making the trip in eight

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was rebu ilt t own in the CiVi l War of 1642, but at least one r, was held by 1655 as recor ds show that Edmundson, the Quake n havin g captiv e t herei n in that year "owing t o the priso

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Campbell, onwards the succe ssion was C.F. Trant er, William c.H. McCallum, Bere sford Arms Limit ed, Herman. In 1921 of the t he hote l was purch ased by Mr. John Bennett, f ather prese nt o\me r. icall y Of the earli er hote ls of the city we know pract nothi ng. None seem to have survi ved the burni ng of the

Whether be was confi ned in boen damaged in the l ate war". If so it was accid ental ly the Spr ead Eagle is not certai n .

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It was, however, repai red by 1703, in Nags", "Sign which year the othe r chief inns were "The Three Inn", the of t he Swan" , "King 's Arms", and the old "Head in 1689, hoste lry t hat house d James II on his way to Derry of William and in t h e same year the Duke of Schomberg, one hosts of of Orange ' s most celeb rated gene rals - but of the though some such estab lishm ents we have littl e informatio n

burne d in 1683 .

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frate rnity inser ted an obitu ary readi ng ger, "Las t week died at Armag h, Mrs. PeggybyStrin the tted regre y deepl much lamen ted and s gentl emen of the Bar and Circu it whom she alway . ably" agree tain enter to ed studi

For were indee d deepl y regre tted by their patro ns. the lega l i nstan ce when Mrs. Peggy Strin ger died in 1746

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110.

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That was a mo st pleasant apprecia tion but as Peggy was 1nclined to t ake more than "a little wine for her stomach 's

Three quarters of a century later in the year 1821, Judy Griffen the famous hostess of the King's Arms died, greatly lamented , especial ly by the Armagh Society of Bell

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sake" , tho notice also carried a proposed epitaph as f'ollows: 11Her e lie s Peggy Stringer who lo•.red in her soul A toa st, and a lawyer, a bout and a bowl And because in the grave there's no drink to be had, For a bellyful living had drunk herself dead".

Ringers, who had made her place a house of call for 30 years. She was indeed the only innkeepe r that I am aware of who had

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mourning peals rung night and morning from death to burial. The newspape rs of those days are full of such titbits -

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a Northern paper of somewhat earlier date containe d an

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advortis e~ent as under 11 Tb ese words give notice that next week William Tier

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will remove his inn on the roadside three miles from Armagh, to the Oak Tavern in the town of Armagh where his

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father previous ly kept an inn, and his father before him, his horses and waggons going forth on their usual days,

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Ireland 11 •

He bath also a hearse and Mondays, Wednesday s and Fridays. all t hings convenie nt to carry a corpse to any part of

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replaced by another message reading -

A few weeks later the intimatio n to the public was

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his erapl oy".

and all thin gs will ply as usua l and he hath a hear se of Irela nd, conv enie nt to carr y a corp se t o any part den is no longer in He also give s noti ce that Mary Whid

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doth not Thes e word s give noti ce that Will iam Tier thre e miles from inte nd to ro~o ve his inn on the road side othe r time, ther e Armagh to the Oak Tave rn now or at any His hors es and coac hes beine good reas ons agai nst it .

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Armagh

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-why Willia m \Je are left , however, in igno ranc e a s to thre e mile s from dP.sired to leav e his home on the road side f at her and for the Oak Tave rn in the city ,-mer e his

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Probably Mary gran dfat her befo re him had kept an inn. Was si on. Whidden had somethi ng to do with his deci illin g to be lang led? Will iam a bach elor with a l oose leg unw

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astr ay.

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pr over b - "Honest Did he sudd enly remember t he ol d Armagh Pe rhap s Mary had men marr y young, wise men not at all" . ng "The re ' s no port ion and he t houg ht of the ol d sayi all like a litt le mat rimo ny and ceremony but ther e ' s damn And Mary, was she swee t seve ntee n or one reac"iy mon ey". was once famous, of t hose "age d girl s" for ·which Armagh I am chee ping ". de scri bed a s "no chickens for all thei r m' s plan s went afra id we shal l neve r know why poor Willia

spok en of I nns and pubs in Armagh were in thos e days

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'J:f. llZ

The term is an

11 by t he old people as houses of call11 •

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i ntrigu ing one and suggest s descen t from the ancien t houses of hospit ality that were a feature of Irish social life in

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such refresh ment.

a king, bishop , judge, poet or ot her person s entitle d to

In those days certain persons had the privilege of brewing by virtue of their duties as public hospit allers and were bound to have vats of ale ready for the early ages.

It was Ale was then , of course , the chief beverag e. the drink of all the Northern people s at that time and for Old tales dealing with the doings of long afterw ards.

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Cuchul lain, Conor Maclles sa and other great figures in Ulste r ' s story tell of evening s spent in quaffin g ale in

now referre d to as Navan Rat h.

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that renowned old earthw ork on the western side of our city,

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Such t hings still occur.

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Somet imes t hey drank too deeply.

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We are told that when t he cups as the people of today. 11 went round t hen the company became exhilar ated and right There is somethi ng familia r about that pi cture. morry 11 •

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From ancien t Irish literat ure we gather that the peoole of that period were just as fond of palatab le liquids

I n t he Book of Leinst er, for instanc e, there is a most

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amusing t ale of the Ultoni ans indulgi ng heavily and whilst In our madly drunke n marchin g southw ards to raid Munst er.

time we have seen disturb ances arise exactly in the same way.

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\-,hen Christia nity came drunlceness was some,ihat frowned That,_ however, did not prevent good beer being upon. st • Brigid, that most lovable of our Irish

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apprecia ted.

saints, entertnin ed her guests with ale of her own brewing. St . Patrick, too, had his own brewer, but woe betide the

Patrick dealt with him .

You person ,,iho entered the Saint ' s presence i ntoxicate d. all know t he story of the king who chanced to do so and how

m:lght not be sot astray upon them".

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s0 t hat their canonica l houro

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cont ent t hemselve s 'With three

There was a table of consumption for those days that allowed a layman six pints at a sitting, but clerics had to

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had t birsts so that they might be cured of tha:n and aloo ~1on thirsty in case such a danger should overtake them.

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Work now leaves too little

reasonab le antiquit y for local thirsts.

Ale was the really

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time for such pleasure s. I am merely mentioni ng these things as indicatin g a

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had more leisure in those days.

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Preventio n is That, of course, was sound common sense. Of course, they always better than tryine to effect cures.

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It is clear that our ancestor s toolc an intellige nt They drank when they interest in that particular amenity.

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Tho old drink_ both mead and cider were of later date . first referenc e in Iri sh Annals as to whiskey occurs in 1405,

II 3.

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\',')1011

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tlle deat h of a chie ftain is reco rd ed as havin g take n

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icul ar beve rage . plac e thro ugh an over dose of that part Simil ar a ccid ents have happ oned sinc e.

le who suff er from alwa ys feel that teet otal lers are peop Ther e is '.llllch to be said thir st inst ead of enjo ying it.

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It make t h gl ad t he hea rt of man . but if my I have never won a priz e for Bibl ical study of one per son r.iemory regi ster s corr ectly I c a11 only t hink \>rat or and he was in the rein havi ng aske d spec ifica lly for t o find ours elve s. a plac e that none of us would want re:ni nd you that in t h e I n conc lusi on I would like to gh had its "lit tle days w,1 en t :1 0 !lote l came into bein g Ar-.:na of gaie ties sea son" each wint er - a cons t ant r ound t hea tric als, etc. ass o~bl ies, ball s, conc erts , priv ate inte rest you to lmow I n conn e ctio n wit h the l utte r it may Irel and took plac e t hat t he firs t priv ate t heat rica ls in Righ t Honb le. Wil liam at Lurg an in 1759 at t he seat of the early patr ons of Brownlow, f,l . P., t hat he was one of t he e rn Regiment of the t i1is hote l late r Colo nel of the North ' emen of the coun ty Ar-.nagh Volu nt eers , and one of the gentl when be revie wed the who at tend ed Lord Char lemo nt in 1784 in whi ch we dine d . Volunteer s from a window in the r oom for wino in moder atio n .

ine oven The stud y of t he pa st is rath er fasc inat ace as "Hou ses of when it deal s wit h subj ects as com ,ionpl g that I I "' Cn ...ay per 11ap s b e forg iven for conf essin .. ll".

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Armagh.

1800

To be let immediately (with or without a fine) that

commodious, roomy, and long establishod Inn, formorly kept

INNS

The Molyµeaux Arms, Armagh,

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MI SCEr,LAN.fA

by the late Charles M1 Reynolds, and now by John Tobin.

The Tenant can be accommodated with from Ten to Twenty- two

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there is upwards of an Acre of a Garden walled

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the Town;

Acres of most excellent and highly manured Land, very near

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in and 1n great forwardness, there will bo a Lease given,

renewable for ever, if required, and the Tenant may have

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(Belfast Newsletter, Friday, April 4, 1800. )

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Armagh, 27th Mar ch , 1800,

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Application to be made to John Tobin.

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Horses, Cows, Carriages, and Furniture, &c., at a Valuation.

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Armagh.

Armagh Stae:e QoaclJ

1793

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COACHING

viz:

To leave Armagh every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturda y; and from Dublin every Monday, Wednesday, and

Commenc es on its new establis hment on Tuesday 18th May inst. and alters its former days of setting out,

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Fare as usual.

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place;

Friday, at four o' clock in the morning, from each

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Leonard & Kennedy, who were part proprie tors in the late Establis hment, beg leave to inform their Friends and the Publick , that they have taken into the

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Busines s and Partner ship of said Coach, Mr. Charles Mc.Reyn olds, Innhold er of Armagh; and hope from their

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and Horses sufficie nt for said Chaises . Places taken at Mr. James Kennedy 's, No. 71,

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care and attentio n to render this Coach to be the best Also six Chaises conduct ed of its kind in the kingdom.

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(Belfas t Newsla tterj from Tuesday, June 4, to Friday, une 7, 1793),

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Molyneux• s Arma, Armagh.

Caple-s treet, and at said Charles Mc.Reynolds' Inn,

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COACHINQ

each inside passeng er allo'l-18d

Fares £1 . 8 . G;

Extra luggage 2d. per lb.

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Oct. 5- 9, 1795.

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Belfast Newslett er .

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Leaves Armagh at 4 a. m.

inside and four out side.

outside s and chi ldren on laps t o pay 16/3 . Short passeng ers to pay 5?J- per mile. Limited to six

20 lbs. luggage .

Arms, Armagh .

Armagh Fly Coach with a guard runs in one day from Ar magh to Dublin from McReynolds , Molyneux

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Inn, English Street, Armagh .

Intends to commence

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King's Arms Inn, Armagh, taken over

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Northern Star,

Sept. 15, 1792.

business 10 Nov. next.

10 April 1813.

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Andrew Prentice, successor to Mr . George Parks, Head

by James Rule of Caledon who is fitting it out and

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Newry Telegraph.

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Public on May 1st.

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hopes to have it ready for the reception of the

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MI SCELLANFA.

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l/Q

MI SQELLANEA

To Be Sola,

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Establ ishmen t.

The Propri etor of this prospe rous and vory desira ble Concer n having been urged by his Medica l Attend ants, in

conseq uence of sudden and extrem e ill health , to retire f'rom Public Busine ss, will dispos e of his Intere st in the

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above Establ ishmen t, which he has conduc ted for the last 19 years with great succes s, and on which he has expended

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Seldon an opport unity like the presen t offers for safe invest: uent of Capita l, with a certain remune rating return . To t l1ose who ai·e acquai nted with the City and surroun ding

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rent of £9~.6s .2d.

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a con sidera ble sum of money in useful and permanent improve-.ncnts - the whole being subjec t to the small yearly

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neighb ourhoo d of Armagh, it is needle ss to set forth, in an Adverti semen t, the patron age and respec tabilit y connec ted with t his comfo rtable and thrivin g hotel; but to a strang er

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it may be necess ary to say that this Establi shmen t i i in eve ry way calcul ated to carry on an extens ive and prospe rous trade, from its long standin g and high charac ter, togeth er

w"lth the advant ages of the Mail and Day Coaches stoppi ng at this hotel, which ia capabl e of afford ing 20 beds, I+ sitting

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ARMAGH Ro~er~ ' Hotel and Po3t1n~

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rooms, com:norciol room, bar room, coach office, wait ers ' pantrios, servants • apartments , water closets, " c., &c.

The re is St abling for 50 horse s, with hay and straw lofts, suitable coach-hous es, car penters • and smiths' workshops ;

also a pump and pipe water.

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The Posting i s ver y considerab le - t he Yard and Offices are exceedingl y spacious and in good order, slated and most convenient , being attached, and accessible by two gateways.

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The Household Furniture, which is in good preservati on, to be had at a Valuation - likewise, 6 excellent post chaises; l family coach, runs very light; l fashionabl e

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drag , l bri t zka, 9 jaunting cars, and 2 gi gs , all in perfect order, ,vi th a proportionate quantity of harness - 20 post

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quantity required.

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horses, in prime working condition - also , about 100 tons very best upland hay, and about 50 tons of straw, or any

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The purcha ser can be accommodated with any quantity of land, up t o 100 acre s, convenient , and in prime heart.

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For t er ~s and particular s, apply t o

before, t he 1st Nov~~ber next .

I mmediate Possession can be given on, or any time

Proprietor .

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A~~agh, June 10, 1843.

WILLIAM ROGERS,

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120

,SEVEN HOUSES, ARMAGH CITY

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Da t a on their erection

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The land on which the Seven Houses stand was in t he year 1600 in the hands of the Archbi shop of Armagh, as In the was most of the land in and around the city.

of the Walls of Derry City for the Honou rable the Irish Societ y and who was agent for the Primat e, leased lands

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8 towns in Ballin derry and Tamlagh

libert ies of Armagh;

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of the Archb ishop of Armagh 1622 contai ns the entry of 11 lettin g to Sir Edward Doddin gton - 6 towns in the

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in Armagh, Tyrone , and Derry from Christ opher, then The rent roll Archbi shop of Armagh at £65.6s . yearly .

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Houses now stand.

11 To build one house in Armagh, etc., These lands the yearly rent being set out at £62 . 6s.6d. includ ed that part of Englis h Street on which the Seven

in Co. Tyrone .

Sir Edward Doddin gton marrie d Anne, daught er of Tristra m Beres ford, agent for the Irish Societ y and on

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Lady Doddin gton later marrie d again , her second husban d being Sir Franc is Cooke, Colera ine, who had come over as

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From his death Sir Edwar d's lands passed to her. . Tristra m Beres ford are descen ded all the Irish Beresf ords

year 1616, Capt . Sir Ed. Doddin gton, of the Manor of Dungiv en, Co . Derry, who had superi ntende d the buildi ngs

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121 .

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an office r in Elizab eth's army and had been grante d 1,000 acr es in Clare, Tandra gee, as a servit or.

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Amongst the lands held by Dame Anne Cooke were the to,-mla nds of Ballym acklem urray, Ballyg asson, Drumc airne,

These were, as alread y

as Lady Cooke 's Planta tion.

stated , inher ited from her first husban d. In 1627 Sir Franci s and his wife agreed to live

Tullya rd, Cabra, Lisdow nwilly and perhap s Legar Hill, with t h e site of the Seven House s, which became known

apart and a deed of separa tion was drawn up by which It is surmi sed he Sir Franc is was to get £150 yearly .

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dissip ate her proper ty.

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was somewhat of a spend thrift and prefer red gay societ y t o that of his wife but she would not allow him to

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About 1637 Lady Cooke surren dered her leases in Armagh to the Archb ishop and was grante d a n ew lease for

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60 years by which the r ent was increa sed to £100 annua lly. In 1641 a law suit develo ped betwee n Sir Franci s

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on the one side and his wife, her fathe r (who was one of her truste es under t he deed of separa tion) and her Sir Franci s tenan ts, on the other, over the £150. succee ded in gettin g the amount made a charge of his

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wife 's estate . The reply to Sir Franc is Cooke 's suit, filed in July 1641 shows t hat Franc is Grave s, John Dawson and John

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Armita ge, held each a quarte r of t he townland of Drumc airne (Drumcarne it was called then) for which

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they paid £5 .5s. a year each and Graves held anothe r quarte r at the same rent by assign ment f rom Thos. Bowman ,

Cooke.

Sir Fran cis soon died, however, but Lady Cooke lived to a rip e old age and in her will, made on 3rd July 1679, left her leases t o her nephew, Sir Tristra m Beresf ord,

who held from Beresf ord, Lady Cooke 's father ; John Mottram held an eighth from Graves at 52 s. 6d. annua lly. The rent was paid by Graves , Dawson and Armitage to Lady

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when the land came to him;

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Sir Tristra m, second son of her brothe r, Sir Tristra m. the legate e, had not any childr en and was 30 years old

30 years later, in 1714, the

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be came preben dary of Tynan and Dean of Emly in 1765, It was by him dying in 1771, when Bishop of Limeri ck~ They were built as that the Seven Houses were built, dower for his seven sister s f or the curiou s reason that

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includ ing Lady Cooke 's Planta tion, passed to Nicho las• s son John, who entere d Trinit y Colleg e, Dublin in 1730 and

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the Dean never wished it to be said that his sister s did It is certai n that the not have a house of their own. houses were not built in 1767 as in that year Rober t

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lands appear as let to Nicho las Avere ll, of Colera ine, Anyhow the lands, still who marrie d Isabe lla Eden.

Living stone survey ed the City for the then Prima te and

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sched ule, made his well-known map, with its accompanying By this Dean settin g out each house in the City. feet on Aver ell is shown as holdi ng a front age of 220

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395 feet, the east side of Engli sh Stree t, exten ding back s, of and on this were built two house s and 14 cabin

1771 when Bishop Aver ell died.

hed With ea ch house of the seven Dean Aver ell attac only in about 7 acres in Mulli nure townl and and it was

Ther efore , the which 7 faced the road to Castl edillo n. time and Seven Hous es must have been built between this

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ated. recen t years that the lands and house s were separ who The first of the seven siste rs was Eliza beth,

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Right marri ed a Mr. Andrews and their son became the ge, Dubli n. Hon. Franc is Andrews, Provo st of Trini ty Colle

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She marri ed secon dly George Tomk ins, Esq. , Th e secon d siste r, Marg aret, marri ed the Rev. d her Richa rd Lloyd , recto r of Dunluce and prede cease From husba nd, who wrote a magn ificen t eulog y of her.

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of the known Irish Rugby inter natio nal, who is sixth Dean Aver ell had a house at Tamnamore hims elf, line .

built about 1845 by the fourt h Richa rd Lloyd .

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4 chimney which is proba bly that with thatc hed roof and house , stacks on the left of the drive to the prese nt

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in thei r marri age in direc t line is desce nded Capta wellRicha rd Aver ell Lloyd , Tamnamore House , Moy, the

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The third sister ' Ka th erine, marrie d Willia m Lecky, who was Mayor of Derry in 1748, and their son Captai n Hollan d Lecky of the 1st Regime nt of Irish Horse (now

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4th Irish Dragoon Guards ) was admin istrato r and execut or to Bishop Avere ll.

The descen dants of Susanna and Rev. T. Danie ls now . 11ve in Englan d and still own proper ty at Cohannon, Moy Sarah , the fourth sister , marrie d Alex. Knox, member

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of a very well-k nown Ulster family , while Ann, the sixth sister , marrie d Garre t Innis, Esq., and their daugh ter

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was marrie d to one of the Thornt ons of Armagh, for which she was actual ly cut off with a single shillin g.

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Despi te the cuttin g off with a shillin g, three of the houses came down to the Thornt ons, the remain ing four These four, togeth er with passin g to the Lecky branch .

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London .

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Mary, the sevent h sister , marrie d Thos . Barlow of

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their grants of land were sold in 1856 throug h the Landed

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Estate s Court by Mr . Mar cus Lecky. In 1856 and indeed until after the Great War

office s .

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succes sive owners had no diffic ulty in findin g tenant s, Later they became many of whom were of local intere st.

Thomas Danie l, her husban d .

Captai n Hollan d mar ried his cousin , Elizab eth, daught er of the fifth sister , Susann a, and the Rev.

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$. 12.15"

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No.l, the most import ant house in the terrace , was · occupa tion It was th en in damaged by fire circa 1955 • of the Minist ry of Labour and in use as the local Labour

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tried withou t avail to preven t it being demoli shed. Presum ably the City Counci l and its Plannin g Office r ·

were unable to preven t its destru ction, so it was It was alas the most eventu ally taken down in 1957.

The fire began on the stairca se near the No damage to roof and part of the house was gutted . t he walls occurr ed and the inhabi tants of the city

Exchange .

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import ant house in the terrace , having been built by Dean Averel l for his eldest sister, Mrs. Andrews, mother

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of the Right Honble . Franci s Andrews, a famous Provos t of Trinit y who beside s being respon sible for the presen t

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west front of the univer sity, provide d it with a Provo st's House of decide d archite ctural merit.

remain s open to the wind and rain, a recepta cle for

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The presen t conditi on of No.l is, of course, an For some curiou s reason the basement storey eyesor e.

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house built in its own ground s by Capt . Wm. Algeo circa 1805 has been cleare d away to provid e an extrem ely poor

site for a Techni cal and I nterme diate School - withou t any space for playin g fields and worse still, before

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litter , weeds and shrubs! Since then, the Pavilio n, a charming Regency period

comple tion found to be deficie nt for the number of

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pupil s concerned,

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Callan Street School, erected by Archbishop Lord John

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George Beresford in 1828, a building of considerable

architectural merit that might well have been retained

for an old people's club in t hat particular area

espe cially as it was in a part of the city in which

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building is about to take place .

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many houses have recently been erected and further

A like fate has also overtaken the

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CASTLEDILLQH&.

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acre s of land in County Armagh on the 13th June, 1610. He came to Ireland very shortly afterwa rds and settled

on his lands, which were then erected into the Manor of Hullaban e, but by a further patent issued in 1628 they

estate is still known.

became the Manor of Castled illon and by that name the

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The Dillons were either unlucky or improvi dent, The propert y became mortgaged and to add possibl y both.

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t o the financi al trouble s there were family lawsuit s, w1 th t he result that by 1663 the greater part of the estate had

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been a cquired by Samuel.Molyneux , the then chief Enginee r of Ireland , who later paid off other encumbrances and

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origina l grant.

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eventua lly secured practic ally all the lands of the

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The Molyneux fami l y were a very differe nt type to the They were a family of scienti sts and scholar s . Dillons .

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Sa~uel, whom I have mention ed as the first of the name to reside at Castled illon, was a learned antiqua ry and compile d

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a valuab le collect ion of manusc ripts now preserv ed in He was the son of Daniel Molyneux, Trinity College Library .

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Castled illon derives its name from John Dillon, a native of Staffor dshire, who receive d a grant of 2,000

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a fa~ous Ulster King of Arms, whose manusc ripts are also housed at Trinit y, to Wich college his father, Sir Thomas

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Molyneux, who died in 1596, had contrib uted a consid erable sum at the time of its founda tion,

Samuel Molyneux of Castle dillon died in 1692, leaving with other issue a son, William , (born 1658, died 1698), who wrote the famous histor ical pamphlet "The Case of

the common hangman,

Irelan d Stated ", a work so embarr assing to the author ities of those days that it was ordered to be burnt in public by

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William had with other childre n an eldest son, the Right Hon. Samuel Molyneux, an eminent mathem atician , a

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helped Bradle y, the Astronomer Royal, to design the instrum ents by 11/hich the theory of aberra tion of light He marrie d Lady Diana Capel, daught er was discov ered. It was, of the 2nd Earl of Essex, but had no issue. howeve r, from that allianc e that the Christ ian name of

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founda tion member of the Dublin Philoso phical Society , renowned for having founded Kew Observ atory and for having

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Following his death in Capel came into the family. 1727, the estate devolv ed upon his uncle, Thomas Molyneux,

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5th son of the first Molyneux ot Castle dillon.

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of that kingdom in 1730.

was a great scholar, a keen

naturalist and an archaeologis t of repute. There is an excellent portrait of him in the Armagh County Museum.

According to

devolved upon his younger brother Capel.

He died in 1733 and was succeeded by his elder son, Sir Daniel, who died in 1738, whereupon the estate and title

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tradition Capel was the first of the family that may be We know that he had a very said to have been eccentric.

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fiery temper, and that he was an ardent Irish Volunteer. He later raised the Castledillon Yeomanry in October, 1796,

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and in April of the following year, though then aged 80, fought a duel in the Palace Demesne with an officer who

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had dared to criticise the bearing of the Castledillon Following his death in August, 1797, Yeomanry on parade.

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the comnand of the corps passed to his eldest son and heir. According to the Blacker Manuscripts, Sir Capel drove

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into Armagh every SUnday in a coach and six with three Similar state was kept by Lord Rokeby, the postillions .

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then Archbishop, the Right Hon. Willialll Brownlow and other worshippers at the Cathedral, including the famous beauty,

Mrs. Richardson, of Ricbhill, better known as Dolly Munro,

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Thomas Molyneux was born 1n 1661 , and was PhysicianGeneral to the army in Ireland, being created a baronet

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who sported six greys, three postilli ons and two footmen, ..~ also mounted on greys, and 8 q\4.1.pped with housings and holster s.

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Sir Capel was the first baronet of the family to be Before passing on to the next generat ion buried at Grange, I propose to read you, a few abstrac ts from the n&iropean

Magazine" of 1782 relativ e to the property of his day. Though i ncorrec t 1n certain details , we may accept the

article as a fairly accurat e picture of the estate in that year, One of the chief attracti ons in the eye of the writer was the park,.ga te and lodges, said to have cost

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£2,000 and to have been designe d by Sir William Chambers. The re is also an excelle nt descrip tion of the drive from

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darkened by the birds - not a gun having been fired within hearing for forty years." There were then many statues

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that entranc e and "of the sudden and unexpected view of an extensiv e lake covered with wild fowl, its waters absolut ely

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disposed about the park, includin g a handsome full- length According statue of Sir Thomas Molyneux, the first baronet . to the writer this cost £300 and had been executed by

celebra ted Roubill iac.

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That, of course, is an error - the statue is now in Armagh Cathedr al and is the work of the equally Rhysbrack.

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The grand old coach-hou se and offices designed by the great Thomas Cooley, under whom Francis Johnston served his

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apprentic eship , are also noted, as well as the curious fact t hat Si r Capel's horses stood one above the other in the Fortunat ely that delightfu l building remains, The house or those days was a pleasant building of mideighteent h century type - there is a painting of it in the

stables.

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present house.

It now hangs in the entrance hall of the

by his first wife.

Museum - and in it were many portraits , one or which, painted by Astley , portrays Sir Capel and his tour surviving children

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Sir Capel was a Privy Councillo r and a Member of Parliamen t, but most of his spare time was spent at Castle-

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Accordin g t o the Magazine account the grovea sul'l'Ounding the house bad been planted by the Rt. Hon. Samuel Molyneux, who is also given credit tor having named the

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poorer tenants.

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dillon, where he gave each winter warm coats to thirty or the l abourers , besides doing many other kindnesse s to the

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village of Hockley, despite the fact that it was known by that name at least as early as 161t-1. Mention is also made

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the County Council,

that Sir Capel wu then erecting an obelilk to commemorate t he Voluntee rs of 1782, a monument now ·under the care of

f'.

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y "odd" - it His son, the next Sir Cape l, was deci dedl " 7 "cra cked " was even rumoured that ,we was more than "odd 1 H was immensely proud of the family pedi gree and d e inde e • ned to wander i nto that when spea king in publ ic was 44 n~11 ~ r of He was a curi ous mixt ure, a warm supp orte theme. te. He gave Cath olic Einan cipa tion and an arde nt Will iami were eage rly soug ht. marv ellou s part ies for which invi tatio ns ssion of the House One to cele brat e the cent enar y of the acce nigh ts, of Hanover in 1814 ran for two days and two 'county' was invi ted commencin g with a ball to 'Which the whol e ert, at \tlhich he insi sted and on the seco nd nigh t a gran d conc the grea t cons tern on act ing as lead er of the orch estra , to Somebody, however, managed atio n of the othe r perf orme rs. y he went throu gh to soap his bow so that when all was read and main, unaware the vari ous forms of fidd ling with might made a sing le sound. amid st the nois e that he hims elf had not Shor tly afte r the Many stor ies are told about him. Sir Capei threw a arri val of Arch bish op Stua rt as Prim ate, The Archbishop was just as self -wil led and part y for him . arriv ed he deci ded ecce ntric as Sir Cape l, so 'When the evening ce fire inst ead, to toas t his arch iepi scop al toes at the Pala invi tatio n and that desp ite the fact that he had acce pted the As a sort him. a suit able company had been invi ted to meet

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of apology he had sent his chaplain and with him a huge The peace offering uas quietly accepted by w

that day.

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overgrown turnip th at had been raised on the Palace farm

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Sir Capel but when the guests went in to dinner the turnip

was occupying the chair reserved for the Archbishop, and

according to report Sir capel paid the turnip all the

honours he would have paid the Primate, asking it to drink

with him and discussing with it the most delicate clerical

and political affairs to the great amusement of the guests

In the

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Occasionally his parties got into the papers.

and the intense embarrassment of the unfortunate chaplain.

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"Belfast Newsletter 11 of August 2, 1825, there is an account

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boats on the lake.

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One of the attractions was a sloop and three

present.

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clock another salute summoned the company to feasting,

four

from the sloop as the signal for dancing to begin.

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At two o'clock a salute of 18 swivel guns was fired

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of a fate at which 200 persons of rank and fashion were

after which they all danced to music supplied by the band

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of the 63rd Regiment of Foot and boated until eight o ' clock .

The marriage was

they adopted Elizabeth Margaret Browne, second

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childless,

Real O'Donnell, a County Mayo baronet.

Sir Capel, s wife was Margaret, eldest daughter of Sir

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daughte r of Dockwell Browne , of Rahi ns, Co. Mayo, When ld Caulfei she grew up she married the Hon. Henry of Hockley Lodge, brother of the 2nd Earl of Cbarlemont and father of the t hird and last Earl.

time wild duck and other birds came up from the lake to the house to feed, The staff then consiste d of a butler, valet,

To t his lady we are indebted for a most interes ting account of this Sir Capel's househo ld. Like his father before him he was a bird-lov er, and in his

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all kinds.

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woman - in all ninetee n indoor servants besides followe rs of

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On Sunday evening s Sir Capel read prayers in the hall He was and guests and servant s were expected to attend. easily di sturbed in the reading of the prayers and it was

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Thus not unusual for him to express his annoyance aloud, suppose a solemn voice, "If we keep the day we keep it unto

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damnation, will no one stop that noise?) " .

(

we are the Lord, 5

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the Lord (damn 1t, 'What makes that door creak?) and if we keep it not (I say shut that door), but sleeping or waking

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Otherwi se the service was conducted with proper decorum .

two footmen , pantry-b oy, man-cook, kitchen man, coachman, two postilli ons, helpers , houseke eper, lady's maid, tw housema ids, dairyma id, kitchenmaid, laundry maid, and scrub-

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fash ion. wife was exp ecte d to trav el in sim ilar te was in thos e The ren tal of the Cas tled il lon esta cou rse, Sir Capel had days abo ut £7,0 00 per yea r but, of x had . an allowance othe r prop erty as wel l. Lady Molyneu Sle was not , ense s. of £2 ,000 per annum for hou seho ld exp s , which was fort una te however, respons ible for the wine bill Every messenger or serv ant as they were somewhat heavy. n refr eshm ent and it was who call ed with a carr iage was give occupan ts of carr iage s not unu sual for the pos tilli on and It was wea ther ". to leav e Cas tled illo n wel l "un der the nervous gue sts to send indo ed a common custom for the more n was sob er befo re they someone to enq uire if the ir coachma Ofte n the answer was - "he iS stea dy ven ture d fort h. on the road - and the enough to driv e - you have no sheughs But , of cou rse, sometimes the footman 11 footman is sob er •

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He atte nde d Grange Church on Sund ays , a buil ding ley, and for 'Which er ect ed t o the des ign of Thomas Coo In thos e 1772 . t he site was give n by his fath er in men of the con greg atio n day s it wa s cust oma ry for the oth er. Whether t o occ upy one side and the 'WOmen the er or him self is not t hi s arra ngement was due to his fath from the quit e clea r. He always drov e the sho rt mile king hor ses, and his house to the chu rch beh ind four span

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was in a like conditio n and qui t e unable to attend to his duties.

He always proceede d by roundabout ways and never attempted to reach Dublin until the town house was in order and well

A few days later Sir Capel set forth .

silver, linen, etc.

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In June every year Sir Capel and his wife travelled up to Dublin, Lady Molyneux in a coach and four, followed by another carriage containin g the necessary servants ,

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With his coachman on the box sat his valet and inside with himself were his books and pistols, with of On the way he diverged to course his beloved violin.

aired.

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towns and villages that he liked, and there stayed t he night playing just as vigorous ly and as badly as at home.

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It must have been pretty dreadful for his violin was so often out of tune that people mostly fled from the sound

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of it. In politics the second Sir Capel was definite ly antiHe was at one time a United Irishman and Unionist .

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continue d so until that body unwisely formed itself into Following the Union of Ireland w1 t h a secret society.

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his disappro val of the dissolut ion of the old Irish

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Great Britain he never again attended parties at Dublin To show Castle or was present at Vice-Regal function s.

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died in 1841 leavi ng a son, Sir George, who died in 1848, and was succe eded by his son Sir Capel, the 7th and last was baron et to live at Castl adillo n. He died in 1879 and

devot ed patri ot in a perio d of unblu shing corru ption . He died in 1832 and was succeeded in the baron etcy ral and estat e by his broth er, Thomas, a Lieut enant -Gene Sir Thomas in the army, who thus became the 5th baron et.

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'<lho die~ 26th December, 1940. In concl usion I shoul d perha ps say a few words about The first that we the vario us resid ences on the estat e. This was know anyth ing of was the Dillo n bawn or castl e.

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John succe eded in the baron etcy by his cousi n, the Rev. Sir Rev. Willi am, who died two months. later , leavin g a son, the etcy Sir John Charl es, who died in 1928, l>bereupon the baron et, passe d to his cousi n, Sir Ernes t, 10th and last baron

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in the built by 1611 and is belie ved to have been destro yed troub les of 1641 - the date or rebui lding is u~ce rtain. purch ase An old print exist s showing the house after the It was then a long of the estat e by the Molyneux falllil y. mansion. low build ing rough ly on the same site as the prese nt

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Parli amen t, he even went so far as t o dress h1s serva nts But in green and \1/hite inste ad of the famil y liver y. a despi te his odd ways he was a man or highe st honour and

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That particular residen ce was replaced about the middle of the 18th century by a ra t her chal'llling edifice with

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wings that remained until the completion in 1845 of the present dignified but r ather austere house,

It, by a strange coincidence, was planned and built by William

Armagh District Asylum,

The various links between the effort made by Thomas

Murray, t he ar chitect liho eventually completed the

Molyneux in 1699 to found an asylum for the insane and

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The AI'lllagh County Council

1929 is an intriguing study.

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for a similar purpose by the Armagh County Council in

Now having outlived its

by the Hospitals Authority.

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was superseded in ownership and administration in 1948

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usefulness from the point of view of modern ideas in the

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treatment of the mentally afflicted Castledillon will in We hope the near future become an agricultural college.

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that when that happens the new owners will strictly

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observe the bird sanctuary rules that were strongly enforced

from at least the early part of the 18th century, (until

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"Bird Sanctuary Ministry of Home Affairs".

of late despite notice boards reading

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the present though perhaps not so carefully carried out

the eventual acquisition of the Molyneux family estate

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Jobn Dillon of Castle Dillon made a settlement of the estate July , 16, 1631. Will ~4th March, 1636. High Sheriff, Co . Armagh 1626. M. P. for Borough 1634-1635. He died 25th March, 1637.

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Rowley. Windsor, who afterwards mar ried Sir Audly Mervyn.

younger. hi s wife wa s murder ed in the Ci vi l War of 1641.

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John Dillon the Robert who wi th Anthony. Nathaniel. Erasmus. Charles. a daughter I-1rs. a daughter Mr s.

1st wife.

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- Mabel Sexton, dau, ot Sir George Sexton. She md. 2ndlY. Michael Doyn before 1031. Her son Robert Doyne became Chief Just i ce of Ireland. S:le was responsible for sav1ng some of the Bri tish tenant s on the e state in the Civil War of 1641.

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John Dillon the younger died before his father and previous to the settlement of 1631,

15 Dec. 1623.

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Mr . Dillon married secondl y Alice Thompson by whom he had several cnildren, who died in infancy 1 _and one daughter wo married - Rathburn of Dublin. Mrs. Alice Dillon married secondly Ambrose Plunket.

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John

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Henry who by his grandfather' s = Elizabet h Ber ry . ate md. 2ndlY settlement of 16t h Jul y, 1631 , Mark Middl eton became heir in tail, He was and died 13th born in 1626. He caJDe of age in 1647. He seems to have been August , 1681. in financial difficu lties and 3ettled in Southamptonshire. He died in prison where he had been placed by hi s chief cr editor. A Chancery Bill says he was dead before 20th June, 1661.

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - ---i-1-7, .

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Hotes on remaining portraits in the house:

1. Sir Capel.

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Julia = Will iam John Talbot of Mount Talbot, Co. Ro scommon.

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A lady long celebrated in Ireland for charities, beauty and accomplishments.

( 1)

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Mary Emily Frances, daughter of Sir Peter Fitzgerald, Bart., Knight of Kerry .

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1a63 =

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1879.

Sir Capel Molyneux, Bart. (7th Bart.). He died ~4th J anuary,

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Two separate portraits of

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2. George, M.P. for Granard. 3 .• Ann who married Anthony Brabazon. 4 Harriett who married Sir William Arabin.

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Right Honble. Sir Capel Molyneux, Bart. wno married firstly, Eli zabeth EastL, daughter of Sir William East, Bart., of Hall Place, Berks, and the f our children of that marriage

T!1e

Composite port rait by Astley ( a fellow pupil of the celebrated Sir Joshua Reynolds) shows -

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CASTLE DILLON,

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14-0.

HARVEST HOME

(Communicated).

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the seat of Li t At Castle Molyneux~olyna n,v , Barone eut• enant- Gener al Sir 1'homas ...........

------ ---- "The harves t treasu res all Ifow gather ed in, beyond the rage of stol'lll11.

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period when From the earlie st ages at the intere sting gratitu de in, the the fruits of the earth were gathe red by ances observ joyous ssed expre been has heart human the of to · le possib not it "Is ed observ has writer A late eminen t ng edifyi so pure so custom a restor e, in some goodly form, Sir Thomas Molyneux has endeavoured to ' and so becoming?" This excell ent landlo rd, since shew that it is possib le. has princi pally reside d in tcy Barone the to his access ion improvements in his ances tral mansio n; and, by extens iveafford ed consta nt his demesne 7 his house and office s, has inst., he 7th the y, Tuesda On ds. hundre to employment by giving home t harves of al festiv t celebr ated the ancien About three . to his labore rs a good and substa ntial dinner al's large barn o'cloc k 104 person s sat down in the Gener joyous occasi on. which was mo st tastef ully decora ted for the ying. The gratif highly was faces To see so many happy members of this health s of the worthy Baronet and the other sincer atmuch-loved family were given with loud and returneedacclam . thanks -law, son-in his es, Greav ellor Couns ions. n, ositio indisp severe of uence Sir Thomas, himse lf, in conseq Dancing com~enced about half-p ast four, could not attend . lage could not finall y separa te until t. assemb happy the and About 250 were presen sday morning. Wedne on eight o'cloc k Ulster As a native of loyal, of moral, and indust rious ressed well-d t, modes many so see to d please uch m was I ce Kindn ess and decorum preva iled, and the presen female s. other guests of Hrs. Greav es and of her lovely childr en, andintere st to of this hospi table family , impart ed additi onal the scene.

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(Newry Commercial Tele grap h, November 11, 1837 ).

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Armagh, November 9, 1837.

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High commenda tion must will ingl y accorded by ever gene rous mind to the worthy be Baro net. He is the desc endaynt of a fam ily whose members have dist ingu ishe thei r lear ning , thei r patr iotis m, and thei d them selv es by r brav ery. Shou ld a cyn ical read er ques tion the just ice or the sinc erit y of the writ er, he may refe of the eulogium r to "Chalmers' Gen eral Biog raph y") 11 Ware' s Annals" "Wood's Athe nae oxo nien sis 0 , 11 Watt I s Bibl ioth eae Br1 ttan 11 Sir Thomas Moly neux has prov ed that he is notnica , etc. inse nsib le to anc estr al reco llec tion s. May the house flou rish to ador n priv ate life by its domof Moly neux long estic virt ues , and sust ain that high pos itio n in Brit ish collllD.unity wnich its dece ased members have fillethe d with such dist inct ion.

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" ,e a;i:e gr nt eful to the aged who, befor e they quit this world , ~i l l t ake t h e trouble to tel l ua ho~ it looked when t hey

opened thei r eyes upon it - it appears t o us t hat t h is is a

Soci ety is eo ~uch the ir province t hat it aeema a s if

perfor m.

service whi ch women are espec ialJy f itted f or and ca lled on to

histori ans of i ta changes. they wer e the na tural and proner ,..

Per ho-ps few of t h e l abours of t he hi stori an would be more

va luabl e to t he c ause of human progress; indeed such researches

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The s e remar ks of :lrs . Austin, in her work on Germany , have

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l ead to the he art of the question, \/hat is progress?"

l one dwel t in ey mind, a nd they appear to me eminently

century af ter -

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the Union, and t A.ki ng up my pen more than ha lf

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eyes upon it j uat af ter

In ·my own c ase, opening

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applicPbl e to the changes which one generation can note in

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that hr l f - cer tury including the intro duction of steam on l and

ur.d sea , of gns, and electr i c agency, t he repea l of pena l l a.we,

and of fisc a l r e strictions , and the reform of popular representat-

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i on in Pf rlh:ment, I should be able to record changes of no mean

To render this easy to myself to write , ea sy

i n~ivi ue l oddity.

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Pl ao dive rsify ry r ecollections with amusing accounts of

c'·u rF<cter i n t h e soci a l sta te in which I have lived, ond perhaps

t o ·11hoev er ray r ead these pages, should they ultimately escape h'! f J nrne a, I muet ·rite ae the reco1Jectlona come, ,vithout aXJ.'(

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attempt Pt order of subject or date beyond stringing them togett.er by the thread of my own life.

Castle Dillon , near Armagh, was the seat of Si r Capel

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childl e ss, and he requested of

Sir Capel was rich and

father, from hi e numerous

0 1 Donr.el 1 , my mother being hi s youngest.

1ol yneux, whose wife was the eldest daughter of Sir Neal

family and Sma11er means, to give up a child for hie ado ption,

in the h ope that such a presence and prattl e might rouse Lady

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her two e ldest and favo urite brothers .

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Jo l yneux from the low sp irits she had fallen into on the death of

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to Castle Dillon, nea r Armagh.

dauphter of Dodwell Browne, of Rahins , near Castlebar , transported

It ·ras a low, straggling house , the centre, n sort of pavili on, The wings

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the eastern had formerly contained the stables, in

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were of t wo;

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containing t h e reception-rooms a.nd of one storey only.

the fe sh i on of the period when for protection the various parts

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of a c ountry residence were as much concentrated ~s possible. Odd

stairc1 see and step s within obviated the differences of level.

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?ro:. t·1e ro Jth si de t here was a descent of t h ree terraced elopes Thie

to th~ 1ake, a pretty pieoe of water of above sixty acres .

was covered by wild-fowl undisturbed by sportsmen, as Sir ~apel

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did not 'l l]o,N a sh ot to be fired within the deme sne wall.

c~nftdent ~ere t hey that I have often seen wild duck and other

•nter rirds oor,e up in the evenings close to the house, and they

•ere often caught in the tench nets snrend t o dr y on the grass .

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ag h

Ar m

ou nt y

us eu m

ted as , fat he r , the re The dem esn e wn e comple a pa rk by Si r ~n pe l's h tho rns , lin .s of elm -er e st ill he dg e-r ow ore a rd s, and do ub le omest ead s . The l ake , Pre v iou sly ex ist ing h marking the eit ee of ral dra ina ge , had t hen li ttl e sha llo w mar gin now so r edu ced by ge ne ks. The ea ste rn Bid e qu ick ly de sce nd ing ban and ros e hig h on t he wh ich a gre en ash pl an tat ion fro m and oak e fin a by was ad orn ed edg e. Jio\ , we ll 1 ula rly to the wa ter 's sward str etc he d irr eg uil eve nin g, as · l and sca pe of a tra nq the of ty au be the remember the ir way thr ou gh m the ir pa stu re , wound the cows , ret ur nin g fro e wa ter , the sto od in its mi rro r-l ik and e ak l the by s ' the tre by its cri ms on grey tin ts of eve nin g set ting sun warm ing the st ill thi s sce ne I in to ll\Y inin d I e eye is pla how e ng ra .st . ht lig the no ise of the nd s of t he wa ter-fo wl; t o my ea r st ill the sou of the wa ter -gn at ke , eve n the ve ry hum ~or e di sta nt co rn- cra rs sin ce l • • • • and ye t 'ti e fif ty yea became an inm ate Castl e Dil lon when I Th e es tab lis hm en t at Bu tle r, val et , two . Let me r eco rd it . ial ron ba ite qu s wa the re (to bri ng in fde l and man co ok , kit ch en man footmen , pa ntr y-b oy , ve n men; ho uae eti lli on s, he lpe r - ele po two an, chm coa , ) wa ter one da iry aid e, one kit ch en ma id, eem ou h two id, ma ke ep er, lad y's - eig ht. women - in and a un ive rsa l scr ub id, ma dry aun l e on , lllaid , be eid ea •fo llo we rs• ser va nts r egular ly fed all nin ete en ind oo r cu rri cle di tto , t wo ur ca rri ag e bo rse a, two Fo . da kin ue rio Ta of Ov er the ata tel y ma ra po nie el nne co ot m tea a d an for ou trl de ra - and ale o ste wa rd ~nd hie fam ily the elt dw e bl sta ly an4 ug

us eu m

l4~ - ('..

us eu m

•ith a sch o ol - ~i strees in ch11r rze , \fho " er e c lothe d ,

twel ve orph· n s

f ed • nd ,:iut 0•1t to oerv i. ce by Lr•dy .0 1yne ux. • ·

f·mily .

1· '

t ' 08

'O r r yen; iu t 1rn h r•) l; 11nd

On SundAV evenin~s ~ir C"pel ren d "lOsinµ- :-ssern1l r> pe it

ou nt y

11,a

t e gt rde1 or

In t h e f"Pr de r. u ns

~7p 8 ,

; S

Tlie r e wa s

v c onprera t i on . ·v i s i to r s , ·ede r "ood.l ,..

Hid

t he f 3•1i ly

ebove thi rty- fnur oe rvru ta Pr~ r e t a iners , add ed to t ~e ~ mbe r s

a sr al l or prm i r t h e hP ll , a nd 1?ener:· ll y :--,.fter p r ,iyer s t ie or phan

r e li p-i oue •,r,n;

us eu m

Hi s rra nner, a l •-m.ys s i n uulr r : nd

ou nt y

ag h

E"r eRt ,~xt.er, t a

~ho 1e so~e i ns t i t ut ion, e nd e a~eci r>l Jy

r es e cted the Ch urch of :;n,.,11-md.

Ar m

he corsiner e d re lipi on

~ i r C; PeJ was no t ,·•hr-.t "'e c a.17 no,.~

perfo r lllc nce .

spi r i t u r l s ongs" - i n trut 11 it was t o

;:, r,rl

ou n

"hy,-ns

girl i- r e :? i red ·1 n, c onc l urled the eveni n1< ' s per .· or !wnc e wi th

s 0 --:e 1 H1t t h ptri c r> J , w·as i:iarticul nrl y so on t h ese Sm1<"lP.y ever i r:g s .

nt y

sure , "'hen h e st e:,>"led fro m the dr aV"inll'.- r oon an i kne lt on

ag h

lit t l e t rib l e befor e itP door, vri th h i s "laPVY si 1v-er

c·is 1i or · t t

r no I

Ar m

-:he irt0n r>tl ori of h is voice i n r endi rp pr Ryer s •·, ns qui +,e s olerin ,

nt y

Yet

rot'1i n17 but devoti <JnPJ r evf·r ence i n his he r r t .

n1~ t .ere - r

Ar m

car d l ea •ic~ at each s i rl e of ¾is book , h i s Rapec t was r averenti a l

Ar m

he w: n e· a iJ y d Loturbe n {n h is r sad i n~ of the old - f a sh i oned nray e rs ,

,-.y a hut t lw t rloor) - but t1 l P, •u i n~ or ·.~aki nr.

10r rl ' e _ (Jerr ri,.t l oi , \"Tll1 no one a t.op i h a t noi s e ?) ."

t 1 i, 8 e

t ha t door creak ?) - and if we k eep i t "'8

are the

Mt - ( I

100 i,8 8

T.or rl - ( .J,-.r- n i t , '"ha t

1 8 ,.,r voice - "If we keep t h e day , we ke ep it unto the

Ar m

sup nne a

Thus ,

wher, nfter t h e then comnon hRbi t of s-.vearirg 1, roke . out .

However ,

e r e or i y t h e exo -nti on a to a r e a..,ectfl.'r ) e ano so1 enWservice ,

us eu m

-~-

the dr awi n p-roon i r o J d Court style were '~on d erful . •.

b r> c""ed into

Cath olic

ou nt y

ser vPnto i n t h ose doys attended prayers with out h" s i tation -

I do not

perl P "S be c r use p r oselytising was not t he f a shi on .

r eme~ber a ny ettempts or even talk of c onvertinF others; t h ere

~as n o i nquiry into t h e r e 1 i gion of servants , no difference made

Th ie referred t o upper as well as lower

reTarY on Sunday.

duri ng t he week, e a ch serva,nt we nt where he pleased w l thout

servf1n ts: f ro m Col i ,my , the femn Je cook, r nd r.iy Conm? U/1'ht r.ur se , Hap py ,

us eu m

other ' s milk, anrl. it is thi:;t

nt y

u any

nt y

I mar ried . "

rl uy .,fte r

'tol"le n Cfltholi c nurse who tormented me for mon~y for

Ar m

yon h a d

ag h

: ut , rny dea r Sir Cape l, you never tast "! d your mother' s milk ,

Ar m

i.y dear •:r r gar et , I

l er ve the consciences of oth e r s free as rry own . "

cake s ·

supped ir- ? rot '} stantiem with ry

ou nt y

Ar m

'3ir Cf p ••l used to s s.y to his wife,

ou n

ag h

happy s y steml

down t o t he scu llion , there was no di fference n;ade .

' 1'8 .B

b f:' CP-use I d id

J, r+ ·e s . 11

not sup ? r o t a sta nt milk that I know h ow t o be just to both

ou n

fre t fo r ,rny one of ~enius, and w1.o knows b u t · i t

"Pe rh~ps _ very true ..ta'am, but you a r e :,] ways too ma.tter- of -

Ar m

r•

nlrl t o the buildinp of which was piven by Sir Capel ' s

He hi mself 'huilt t h e

S n ire

f: t}

EHl rl.

or steepJe , so effectiv~ in

Urn J un l scr oe at thot side 0f Armi11h .

Pro und

Ar m

'1'he church which we attend.ed on Sun days was Gr ange - the

us eu m

and ot i t s concluslon his bows to ~ is s~rvitors as he

He also built the galle r y

I ft- 7.

us eu m

-e:-.

ou nt y

ee s quar e pews , gent l emen on th ore oide , lad ies on e oth~r - the orphans i n their purple

i:t.uft's , • hite linen handkerc h i efs and etra·u , bonnets , in t he centre i thoy enrl ., closo of t ( coun ry girls t a u~ht by my

govern ess ) ein~in~ t h e hymns anrl psa l ms - but n Jv er the ~anticles .

The go i ng to c lurch wa s quite an h eredit ary nar ade .

Sir c,,peJ ' s

fathe·r g ot over the one mile in the family coa ch dr1-1wn by four

blrc~ horsea , and tradition told t hat the Ledy {olyneux of h is day

us eu m

The congrf!gP. tion ,

ou n

It ras ati11 a per11de i n my childhood .

her .

ag h

once stole to c hurch wt th a -pair and t he second Pa ir was sent f~fter

ou nt y

,.... inly co~oosed of' the t enantry, used to wai t for Sir CfjpeJ ' s

Ar m

arri n 1; a nd ·"hen he na s sed through them as they s t ood e t each After

side from the pate to t he church, they foll owed h i m in .

nt y

cuurch they we lted in groups to see the f emllv drive off , e nd

Ar m

nt y

'l'h e TJJonthly na r eoe of the Yeomnnry

now :urray?" - E>nr so on .

g oes on the f arm?" or " Have y ou hay for sale

h'lW

"'-'ell, Sco tt ,

ag h

were noticed i nd ivi dua ll y as Sir Capel hanp ened to observe them..

Ar m

w~ e the phra se of th e d a y •

I rr.i a~. ht say , such as

Proteat.C'nt e Attended, out in tho " e days there were no

Ar m

•rer

~ i.e~imentn la

Ar m

custo~ , the rr.en he ving Rppeared in church in uni fo rms , or

ou n

t;-,r r wrs then he1d i n the churchyard efter service , a strange

t, ot ·reo•·ian Pnd oran 11emen meant the same .

Catho lico in Ye ol!lE'nry Corps , and it became understood in time Nowadays when the

us eu m

t uen e-ci. oting f or hi. a own use; thr

rliattrction of r anks a nd classes le less defined nnd the

us eu m

ou nt y

with four h orse s , of the Perfec t toJera ti on of h is rr.i nd or, :c. 11

subjects, of h i s \'!il]inf"noee to a llow to others t he srune

independence of o·,inion '•'1ich he took h i mself , I fee l convi nced t hat

,,hen hie tenantr y stood asi de at t he church ~ate , t he f eelings of

goodwill ~ere reciptocal; and t hat whilst Sir Capel.felt he ·~as by

us eu m

posit i or the fri end and protector of these neople, thcylooked to

ou nt y

The proof is tha t t he few who rer.~in to r emember

Ar m

strr nge a term.

ag h

ou n

hi m as such in a spirit of independent dependenc e , if I may uf·e so

him do so ~ i th af fect i on a nd resuect; and h is goodness , hie fairness,

Fatura l 1y a woman's The ol d women

benevoJ~nce is more pe rsonal chairty t han a man ' s .

he ~as well s upported by hie wife.

nt y

P ]l

ag h

bis har~lees odniti ce , have become legendar y tal k upon the estate.

Ar m

nt y

wife i n many ways now

the joys and sorrows of every cottage within rea ch .

ou n

She knew

become obsolete by more co~lete social organization.

In s icknes s

She was v erily t he l a nd lord '

occunrt ion.

- ,· - cro•m to ca rry home , ·vere 'but a ty-oe of her cons tant

Ar m

and hr J f

who every Chr istma s r eceived her bounty in clothe s and n dinner

Ar m

~,.,~n a t 11.nt r,no heflvy.

clube a s well a s Poor Lo.we were unknown;

Dispensaries and clothingso that the demands were

contributed to their relief and comfort.

or distress, celle.r, store-room, medicine- chest , every thing

Ar m

us eu m

relir ious i dea mor e ep irituPl, thi s chu-ch par ade and the mi xture • of the s e cu lar wi th the sacred must appear to have been only pomp only itself ~ion reli nd a ity, and van 13ut n:hen I think f' c eremony. • d of the b enevolence of this baronet • -h "o rove a short mile to church

Indeed, it would be diff icult nowadays to

us eu m

ou nt y

us eu m

explain how the country world go t on without the co- operating pl<1 ns of mo ,iern t i mes , or no 11 t o realise the way in whi ch then , charity , justice , road- makin g , everything depended on indivi dual

exertion ( j obbing a s i t rr~y have been) .

From this statement

of t he nuMber of servants and follo-~ ers at Castle Dillon it mi ~ht

be su~ ,osed that Sir Capel ' s fort une was very l ar ge , but it was

"'!'he world" was l ess i n motion.

nrices were very different .

~ven with the va lue of the demesne it did not then exceed n?OOO a year Irish1 ; but the habits of life was well a s

not so .

London elone i nterrupted the vie au chateau.

ou nt y

Meat in those early

If groceries were high -

days of the century was about 3d. per l b .

Ar m

us eu m

ou n

ag h

few months in Dublin a nd a t long intervals a visit to Bath or

black tea 8 s . a pound , and white sugar 18d. or 20d. - they were

nt y

luxuries unkno•vn downs tairs exce1:>t on hi gh days and ho lidays .

Ar m

ag h

know that the iillowance Lady M. rec eived for household expenses

nt y

was but r 2OOO a year and what she could make of the demesne, which The house was as she ""v-:tnnged. ~he only thing eXc Puted was wine . were ther e state d i nners to h o~pi tvble upstairs as down ; not Only

Ar m

ou n

Ar m

t he r.ei. .hbourinp p:entry very often, but fri nds and connections

been considerably the Castle Dillon

Ar m

fro,'! a d istPnce wer e welcome and there vrere al ways representat ives This recalls to my of the class of poor r elat ions in the house .

--Tf-

us eu m

~in~ that Si

CFp e l ' s principle s

ou nt y

us eu m

of toler ation were s ever ely t ested by h i s cous il1a the .,Ji ss _ ( of long pedi s r ee but short . s Separatlst ng 1~i ec b 11e never co uld be r ec onciled to Purse) t enet s vh i ch kept t hem from .joini np: in his har ml es s prayers and uar t de , and when i n c ourse of t1.me Lad r 1 Y o yneux was infe cte,i

a ma in Pleas ure and pri de of hie life was gone ; and

servic

by t he ir o..., i n ions and declined to app~ar at t he Sunday evening

for the fi r st t i n.e to r e was r eaJ ised t he evil of dogmatic

reli Fion , wh i ch so often dr ops the substance of Christi~nity i n

us eu m

i nf 111ence .

ou n

ag h

the f tte~pt to a r a s p so~e illus ory P.ood or unauthorised

ou nt y

Ar m

As to the househo ld habi t ei find expenses of those days, in

t he fi rst n l a ce, ~a~es were very much lower t han now: £ 30 to

ar~c nv.erients , .,...y aunt considering such knowledge

necessary

Ar m

I therefore know what the mode of feeding

par t of e cuc a ti on .

nt y

Ar m

s o enrly as 1813 I was cognizant of househ old

£ 4 t o £0 .

ag h

upper h ouserne i d £ 8, l a dy's mai d £ 12 to £ 14 , kitchenmaid from

nt y

£35 a ye[ r the wnge s of a butler or va let, footmen £ 12 eo £ 14 ,

Ar m

ou n

this Ja r Fe est abJiabment was, and am a l so aware th&t the style

··,here t he serva nts ann ha.bi ta were naturally English.

Ar m

PrJ r c _,f

wa s better t han i n a ny h ouse in the neighbourhood, except the

nd Primate l . mhe r e ei denoe of the Arohbi~hophoffA~!f~n~ O • of t h e then Established Churo

150 .

-9'-

I J;; I.

us eu m

ou nt y

us eu m

At Unstle Dillon there "ere but thr ee meals daily in the servents ' hall. Breakfast of stirs.bout and milk at eight o'clock, meat dinner at two, and at ei~ht in the evening bread and beer. I ~.ay remark here that I remember the word meat

veFetabl e s, which were equally constdered meat or food .

corn.- on]y used in the sense of food; thus , if one said ~ ~ for dinner it wae as distinguished from potato es or The

us eu m

I have no recoll ection in rny very earliest

ou n

every fi ve people.

st. sugar per head monthly - four allowances for

l lb. to

upper servants had tea for breakfast and supper by a llowance -

ou nt y

A custom urevailed in many houses of giving

housekeeper's room.

Ar m

ag h

years of anythi ng but the three meal s a day·even in the

The market of Ar rmgh

ag h

h~ve cold meat for these casual consumers.

It was necessary always to

carriage , was off ered refreshment.

Ar m

nt y

~very messenger, every servant who called with a

only dinner .

what was ce lled breakfast money , about 2s. a week, and supplying

nt y

Thus salted meat was the

demeone all that was required~

Ar m

wae t 1en very uncertain, and the oustoro was to kill from the

Indeed, I have always found Irish

three days out of four .

Ar m

gener a l consurrption , and salt beef and cabbage the daily dinner

Ar m

tasteless fresh meat . servants prefer it to what t h ey Cons idered At the In those days nothinF .was known of house- fed cattle .

IIR1

end of the grass season at least a couple of bullocks were ' the fattest pieces with killed, nnd cured in various Ways ,

tpetre , o.nd hunP' in cabin chi1"1!1eye to dry - a very popul a.r

us eu m

152_

-~-

,sY of p reoe rving it - hence ce lled

ou nt y

hunp 1'eef . It is s carcely possibl e to f <n cy any f ood more dry or unpa latable . The beet qual itY of the fat was made into mould ca nd lee, and I think the rami l Y had onl y j ust escaped from th h e orrors of candl e-d i pping . 1 do not r e c olle ct b rewing , and r know t hat the stro nger beers

,ere not p i ven i n t h e h ouse, and even common beer by a llowance.

AnY fur ther indulgence wo.s always whiskey, which was g iven on

ou n

Of course t here

ou nt y

I we ll r emem1'er dinner at about five o'clock.

'£ea follo wed i nnne d iately, almost as part of dinner,

ras no luncheon .

us eu

As to the living upsta irs, the hours were very much earlier than

Ar m

now.

ag h

or i n : ngland .

r efreshment to mesaengurs or tena nts, a s strong beer would be now

Sundays and h oli days in the hall, and glasses of r aw epiri ta given

nt y

Ar m

and t he n sup"?er a t ten, which was brought in on a tray, or, \7hen the

Thie custom lingered long after

nt y

through t he d o ors by two servants.

ag h

par ty was l a r ge e nough , on a long, narrow table, easily carried

Ar m

•ere ,.,i th their lively jokes and songs .

How pleasa nt t hey

suppers were c ongen ial to the Irish c'1e.racter.

But as t h e warnings of the

Ar m

the hour of d i nne r b ecame later, and I think so ling ered because

clock wer e of ten not attanded to, they were destructive of household

~Pr ec l o ti on of cleanlineee as now.

Ar m

I do not re!lUJeri ty: a nd how t h e work downstairs was got through are of daily confusion and weekly cleanings 'y r e coll e ctions order and cleanliness which now prevails in up , ancl nothinp: of t h e There decidedly was not the same th '! 8J!1t o cl n ss of house .

I S3

us eu m

-1:2--

us eu m

,cicdlinv , llR<i. in, the hebitude of those

ttmes , I will Mention

tbe journeys as e.'llonn-st t lie mos t remarkable

ou nt y

contra sts to the Yearly we went to Dublin in Uovember and returned in

present .

",non the move was from Castle .Dillon , salted beef ,

carrier .

June , directly after t he Ying ' a ntrthday (George III . ) .Tune 4 • li ~he first movement was t h e transit of "'1 t nen , and other 1/ a e , w''lole the 1 of trunks the with , ,g:ooas ho• se:1old family , under the charge of old .Johnston, a tenant who on these occasions a cted a s

butter, a nd every transportable thinp: from the farm was added ,

to the extert aomet Lmes of four c nrt loads , nor did the c ar avan

us eu

ou n

ag h

end here, for the under servants t r avelled with it - kitchen'llaid ,

ou nt y

Nor did this -plan cease until Lady

fash i on or- the baggage .

Ar m

second housemai d , a.nd a sort of general girl seated soldier-

l olyneux d i scovered t h at the halts at car men ' s inns were not ver y

nt y

Ar m

1-:provin.c: to n ' nners or morals , and t 'iat the board and J odging

Sir Capel ' of course ' had

nt y

Ar m

no,, thnt there were riva ls on t h e road.

ag h

until the fourth evening c oat nearly as much a s the · stage- coach ,

~ riot; his valet on the oox and the int erior

o= • u D~rt i cuJar

his neculiP r "Od e of tra ve 1 1ing, he a l ways went by hirieelf , in h is

Ar m

'Vith

Ar m

He books , UiBtOlS , violin , nnd a ll sorts of thing s • never •ent, d ire ct , di verped to towns a nd vi·11 ages and inns that he d scr aped away at Handel ltki,d, vhere l1e Aet vn hi a mua i c - stand a n Lady ·t. and the family He never joined and a l l domestic work 'lnt l J Weryt it np was unpacked a nd -ol nced ' f or in gener a l gent l emen aealn in pear . A capital pl a , n , I thi n~ , · n . PCJrf'd

us eu m

IS 'r

- J.:::a--

us eu m

are a Most t r o ub l e some e letn) nt in th

ou nt y

e movi ng Pr ocese of o f ami l y . r.adY {o l yneux t r a velled i n th.a l a r ge ba ro uche dr awn by h•3 r own f our horoes {a c ommon n r a cti c e i n those rlflys) . I t was fo )lowed by

serva.nt s . ct.rriage "Ii th the un....,er .noth"r "' ....

111e t i :ne consumed was

Th e s er vant s' carri a("e started somewhat

Duncl.al k ·und Dr ofl'heda.

two days and a ha lf , inv olving two ni ri:hts at inn s , izenerally a t

later on the f irst day to ga t her up the forgets , and on the third

'J.y earliest

The line of r oute hA.d many change s i n my ti me .

yer t i n advance to hflve matter s i n readiness fo r La dy I , • s a rriva l .

we avo ided He"TY , p o i np: r ound t he mountai n to Dundal k ,

The s t age or stop'Oing-

up t o the r a i l ,vay p eriod , Ca s t l eblayney .

The next

To t h is s ucceeded Newry , and f i na ll:,

ou nt y

Ar m

change wa s by !:~1vtown Hami l ton.

us eu m

ou n

ag h

recollect ion i s of a Plac e c a ll ed t h e fo unta in Hous e , by whi ch r oad

Its s trange name ,

ag h

'liar, a sing le h ouse , a nd most comfortab l e inn ,

nt y

Ar m

place ne~t to Dub ltn a t my ear ii est "Oer lod was c a l 1 ed t h e l an of

nt y

I hear ci , wns ado nted fro m the figure - head of a shi p , whi ch had been

h ag

gar den i;,at o .

Ar m

t he wr eck,1d on t h e short a on:e d i stanc3· of f , having been put over

Ar m

aaes and even of s t ageIn those days t h ~ stop page of ca rr i ..... • I c a nnot fo r get our c~ach ea , by hi ghwaymen was by no means r are ,

t~rror '>n t hat wi n t e r ,to•1rney to Dublin , as we appr oa ch ed Dunleer ,

rep~rted t o hidethems e lvee .

wi t h i n ,.,hi ch t San r y ,

we we r e i nstructed

r., "nil li.f7a t n r a we ~aseed the itvi ed wall of

Ar m

t;h "reAbout, e the exploi t s of a ro bber named Col l i er were we ll known ;

us eu m

, !l&t t o do a n d s?y in c a se "f attack.

ou nt y

But ala s ! f or the ~resent nter st of my r e'"i n iscenc e s, ,ve 'Vera n t I ever sopped , and "I have no ~he next great chrnge i n ,:orY to tell" . our jour n~ys was giving , the cPrri "' ite h oroas a nd h aving -posters, which d ivi· ded 0 t he journey , r th ileepiM e t Dun) eer or Ca st 1 ebeJlin<>ham. ~ n e earlier period the

•turnso it" f r om the inn yards were b eyond mes.sure ludi c r ous .

:usa

But t h e r Ate of travelling was not

straw roue s r ou n::I. t h eir leg s .

I h Pv e s een the postil1ions or oost- c oy s of ten with

exaggere ted .

:d ev·orth ' s d e a c ,•i ption in, I think , n-·nnui" was by no means

us eu m

ag h

ou nt y

t he roa n.a; r nd orov lded a l ways t hat we were not stopped to tie

ou n

ces:>ic.;ble consi derin P' the we i p,ht of the loaded vehicle nnrl. t h e sta te

Y~t c o-ppri n R the five Irish r.11les an hour , without t hese

forge .

Ar m

t~e hnness tOP'f" ther with t wine or to 11ave a elloe re pl aced at a

nt y

Ar m

lccidenta , ·,1 t h tlie whirl now i n three h ours fro m Dublin to

Two wa.i tere

Ar m

the inn do or s , espe cially at Drogheda , were l eg ion •

nt y

It is worthy of note that the beggo.rs at

Passed in the i nterval .

ag h

Port adown , it is eaay to believe that h a l f a c entury of time has

carriage.

·lli!d - oft en t o bully a nd buffet them to make a passage fo r ue to the

Ar m

They were vociferous beyond be li ef , praying or cursing itty ae i mper tinent . n th0 most extraordina ry phrases, and often a s w t t be for gotten in The g~r e r n l h e bitune of intoxication mue no n the century, a.nd to this t h e · ..., r ecoll ec tlone of the beginning of bonus of a. dram to a ll comers' •beAn • ce of e tronp beer and the collll'llon cour se t ended. sober servants . tn1 I r unner s " , n a the phrfla8 ~ t' of l

us eu m

1.5 6 ,

us eu m

,rere sctircely looked for, a nd if they were but quiet in their cups or did not a ll vet drunk at once, th

ou nt y

e infliction wae endured . I ~ ember a certfl in coachman named Bl re 1 oomf ield, who "'as condemned and

pardoned Bt

least once a quarter for seven long years; yet there

wos no security f or horse , c a rri age or passenger when he went out;

to n!' rt vti t h him and get anothe r -:ms more like1 y to prove a change

It nas a co!IIT!lon custom

"hen sober , wo uld have been a direct lose .

of hands than of ryrac tice, which , as he was n first-rate coachman

This was l'(Uite a chance, a s the s81'le hospitality I have heard the answer

ou n

ag h

was soin~ on in the hal 1 as in the -narlour .

us eu m

they started home .

for guests to s end to inquire if their coachman was sober before

given , " He is steady enoup;h to drive, and you have no ditches on

ou nt y

•1e is not very bad, and the foot1ue.n is sober l "

E:S

nt y

Ar m

CO"il..on amon p:st the educ a ted?

could this "be othe r \7ise whe n the custom of drin'kinp, 'Pea

Ro·

Ar m

yo:ir road , " or,

Vihen six

to s i t to e~ver. and twelve o 'clock over the i r wine .

nt y

ag h

It wns the common practice at dinner - ]j)arti es for t he geetlemen

his wine , and when he knew

d to ask so1,,e famili a r friend

Ar m

he hr,d thirsty souls to s a tisfy he use

not stingy

WP S

i,owever, he

l cdies .

for hie early wish to join the

Ar m

this way, &nd he was laur,hed at

Sl.·r Capel could not *1ake ~ ine in

for li bations as deep a s long.

Ar m

o' c loclr vms the very late st dinner- h our this was no triflinv. ti me

IJr

t o rct fo 11im and c a lJ for wine, and very commonly he had gone to

at a l l .

I remember the gentlemen gener a lly

:<1

th"y ,1pp~nr

1. ·

eared in the drawing- room, bod before the last of his gues ta app

f:.Votd 1n17 t"'le ladies o.l top.ether' ,md go irw f rom the table to their

us eu m

I !j"1 _

every kind w~s ce l led h ock.

flnti

scr-rrel y }(-no· -n; · ·ten r ive11, each

The lighter Rhine ,vines were

tne table wine s; champa gne r a rely .

ou nt y

us eu m

carrin,e s , n servan t discree t·1y whisper ing the feet to the wives . ~otl yet these "len would discha rge a servant next day l"i thout a onar acter if they ".>roved tipsy on the s ame occasio n! At t l-ieae dinrer pcrtie s p ort and rr.adeira ., handed roun~, then sherry , were

Punch , i;.s such , was scerce ly known at such a table as Sir Capel ' a . I do not r er·embe r ,1ver to have seen it . A liquor cl-iest wt 8 ahvays on the side- table, ~wd occasio np.lJy nut on the tabl,e; and the native

us eu m

ou n

ag h

then m:- de its ap-pea.r anc e with cherry brandy , shrub , and a mixture called n ine - apple rlli'l. Claret cras the after - dinner wine, except

nt y

ou nt y

Early a ccusto~.ed to "do clerk" for

ag h

fo r midabl e .

WF 6

Ar m

pr ev ious nirrht

Ar m

for the ''old hands" or hard heads who drank port by the bottle . 'J.y uncle Connel l O1 :)onn e ll and z:;any others, I r e'lleMbo r , ~ took less t ha n a bottle . The butler 's liots of ,,ine consur-,e d the

Ar m

port not an unusua l entry after a dinner -party.

nt y

my aunt , I well rememb er the wine ticke ta; ei r ht ~nd ten bottles of

=ut in referri n~ to these potatio na at even so qui et a table ae thn t of G&.et 1 e Di 11011 we r.;ust not nass over the wit whl:ch

Ar m

acco"1)r ni en them, and I can rememb er the f low of anecdo te , reparte e ~ e,n., Quot ntion which even before t h e ladies left t '1e ro om see:?:,,e d to

Ar m

say "seen ed,. boce.us e I am referri ng to 1 I c r.!.Ilie in o.t desser t' o.s well as when th'l 0l'Y" of rrry chi 1d,10od ..,·_~en • "I crr, 1to sit c..t the table . Sir Capel was an excelle nt cl"assi cal &ch'>11Jr a.nd u p reat Uorati an, quot ing hi rn on every possib le occasio n; enliven these -partie s .

us eu m

I !:,7ij_

us eu m

- Y,,..

h f easte . I reme·,1ber , when sue I wee so a1 ..all a. b• i np- thnt Sir Cnpel would "'ush back his chair and ,., put ,e st:mding on his knee, that he once s a id I s hou l d so ~Lve a c o-'"on n toeet to tlie COMpany ( toasts being t'nen ... pr actice) , and wu..

\ nnt •nakea me

to any , " Love a nd wine on a pretty boy • 8 knee . "

Y little ha nd a bumper glass of claret , he nror,pted me

holrlinp: i n

ou nt y

and, of course , these came often a t

remember this so accure.teJy ( and I d o re1·1ember the very frock I wore

and t'1e in'ivinuf'ls who ,ver<? op"looite to me) was tha.t lPdy Liffor d ,

or.e of the <tue stl:' (wife of t h e Dean of A!'ma.gh) , when the lei.dies

us eu m

I do thlnk I tried to remember it the mo re for this,

ou nt y

in •

ou n

P fHl

say it

ag h

witl dr e·., , to l d r-e I had said such a '.'licked thing a nd I ,110.s never to

Ar m

end that my t..'Ood aunt next do.y lectured her lord in my hear i np about

Ah, there is more wisdom io the

Ar m

the doo!' as a eign of disp leasure.

nt y

it , till he ~ot nngry anr went out of t he ro om, ao usual clapni~

ag h

say l nq, "~11.asez, Mai s n'appuyez pas ," than half the worl d think1.:1.

nt y

Ar m

:r111 not such a fuss been made about this little inci dert , &.rising

f ro"! a li ttle Hor a ti. a.n after- d inner excitement on Si r Capal ' a part ,

I ehou l d rot now r eci:11 i t a t the end of near sixty year e .

Ar m

Soc- i ety seemed to· "lie much merrier then - not coerse me rri ment ,

fo r Cir <J · pe l was or;e of the most refined -of men; but a sort of

Ar m

hearty enj oy , nt that (I hone I do not exce~d the limits of femi nine

etimu l ~nt; and wit eeems to me a very natural result , and

Physically .and -physiologically wine

h rot ll'iJliri:rly acknowledged ,

Pr onrie ty in sayinll) may hav e a connec ti on with "the bottle" which

us eu m

AOC

I hf•Ve often thourht th~ t now

i ety h@s so much pasoed r·way ' it mipht not be time

this cty1 ,, of

us eu m

-~-

I 00 beli eve

ou nt y

to co l 1 f'Ct the best S"'ecirnens of Dr i nki ng Son(ls ,

10r-t,

· c i: a ever stirred th1c hu!:1a n soul . I ·r1· nci-o)..!s r s n'·tr1·ot1 "

• ~ pc th"t1·c

n::it dare to \•-rite this -nut that once, wh en less nrudent, I

110 uld

;,id this in coz:101i ny, -rnd ·,ias supnorted by a clergymo n , who , with a

goJcl

1,emory, was nble to repeat son1<e with the names of the authors,

,,.ho , he vin,? ~o· lc d '<'e of th,, t ,vo gerierat i ons , gave his opini on

an-i

there .i.,•ht be found f':lonrrst theu s entir:ents a s ~ . fee lings as

us eu m

ag h

I do think much thnt is inte resting

ou n

~le~ "suArkled in the Plass . "

ir, fr:.VQUr of the ,,r.-.oter "Uri ty of those who loved wfre for the wit

Ar m

'"en lin,,.erec. "over their bottle" .

ou nt y

mi f!ht te ir1 cl\1 dcd in a survey of t he convi vic1 li ty of those days when I do no t kno\• ,..-hat has repl aced

Is the world one vrhi t more virtuous

ag h

quite a nother conre iderl'ltion .

Ar m

nt y

Whether it - the •1it - coot too dear is

sa.tre 1it v ithout the wi ne .

nt y

"llen t h ere TTere no guests ,

To return to my recollections .

Ar m

In this and Pll things t he svi:rage i s pret t y much a like .

n~v?

it, ~nd I ~o not celieve th~t t~ere could be , as a gener al rule , the

Ar m

Sir CP~e1' being fond of c 11J oren, I wae very often loft \,i th, or I was a very rai;l,er sent to hirr to t he dlning- room after dinner .

Ar m

rleJil"r~e chUd and ::: do bel i eve the hoJf-gl a es of wine ho used to tel1) was of infinite service Rivet~ (•ith due injunctions not to due ,..,.,. defence of ··,ine P.nd wi tl '·~ to t'• h~v 1 th . Perl,PT>O t-0 this i s t aste A.nd of what \vaa then considere lie ,•r·e fl , r,.n of p.r eet )1terary e of authors and paintere a nd 'Tort tr~vela , he used t o tel' m

us eu m

- W-

ith hir11 i n these sub,jects .

the be at ,vor..an i n the

6 11

was •.us ic

us eu m

ag h

ou n

hear cnn to t hinlr. wl +,h other s .

int inp: e nd -poetr y and .l ee.rninp: ; and I longed to see i.nd to

snd

me , it least , the wi t n ess of a n unknown worl d , where

looke ci upon Si r Cap l '" s t o

for -ill that wa s l ovi ng and k i nd, but

Thus i t was that I loverl the aunt i e

,as br oud1t up in Connau,r:i:ht . "

fo.rf"c ry , but shP does not c ar e for t hese thi.n zs , and

.y deer

as he ..,_rter wr·rds sai d to Me , ny 0 11r runt i

,orl ~,

For ,

ou nt y

hear+ , hnvit1E' no one t o eymp; thise

I could not in rr,y earJ.ier years eati.1,,ate the extre:"le ocl,li ty of

ou nt y

his birth

cmd coJli>p.e , r.t t:,e la.ttar

He was sent nfterwa.rds to t !1e then

ag h

he ', s a fre uent nr i '!:e Man.

et school

·ie d istingui.s'ltid hi ~se1f

nt y

"eoJJe called c r 1J.cked, b11t thl:lre v,a.s nothinp: lnsr u e abou t

· 1.,,

s011e

Ar m

•·1rt

~ro

Ht1 wi:: s e· i.n~nt]y 1:1.n eccentri c charact er .

Ar m

Sir CPpcl.

nt y

Ar m

«s l , e rfect rmc1 he c ould not dr ::i1.7 e str t•i.rrht l i ne .

e&r

Ar m

ce 1<::1 r.: t ..v: 1\c~ cle''IV of ':'urtn nnd there his nvtural taste fo r the fi nt::l I us e the ter n , not to say "cu1tivate1"; cr~n r'r Jw ir to :rn appoti t e . for nnti i fl wouln : ve mnde h i ra a rol)d nua i cian or r> -pe i nter . . ..i s

ut he

He J ia rned to -,l ay th!3 vi oHn , hri.d cons i.der;,ble executi on ,

Ar m

effects .

~preclated lnth nrts a n d FOt a croneral knowledge of their best

, dP.,tac t t he absenc e of a ccordance goo~ tirreiot , but nev e r c ou d l the prey of a l l the concertlr • f.O ltid; yet h e vtfa S n fanati c , a n c He va l ued t he n,us i c more t ha n the 'b ~!'8 und r 0 r '3 ip;n rou etcia ns .

us eu m

•.•. triots o nd the -orlr of ' ind , '1ior ,. the s un ahon ~ i n the Ital y ' p he had pns:;ed nny drys . --"erd ,e c ertai nly awoke 1· r· r•e o.~- api.r i t '" of tr,qulrY' and I Hm now s ur e he t .1 l ked to i:ie i n the fulness of h is

Flo fr VO'.l" i

,., ,, e,,

1:n

1·

ie 'Olm.a pntts or t.he l utttar , he

1 n.enir, , ,,,) '"''.lUld g t li.~,c :..

our

.11.J,

~.i·· t o

:r ; · t -p:i ... r

:.H' tJ

ou nt y

it, · 1 :1 "

tf;

us eu m

ou n

nt ou C

ag h

in "a<Jd • l d

Ar m

M y

ou C h

ag ,l,

tur,e '11P s

11 ,1 es" t.'ic : btrnt1 ce '>f t~1e or?' n :)f

o l ,. ic· J p· ,~ ~l a ,

rndel ~te ~l-i~e - dee la r~ ho coul d nftt ., ·11.· v -R he:.rd us ic J cone.}, t i 1ns 1t, heuv,m . I :-1c vc 0,1 en hi '• Sl i.Jy

ag ;iti·t

oaerr for

ou nt y

'1a , ,.,, . y ,. tl

" l ' ifft t

or: the vi

hi her

'l!' e o H It• Jin. co

'i ni-

goven tine,

:H"

,.. 0 ,.. ,, 0 c,., ; 1 llll' T ·I•)11 r ,1 .,,.,.e,. • ..,_

trstru . r,tnl , ·n•.I '.nn i l

e:r ent,~c· ,\e 1 i pht urd

ag h

Ar m

t: 3

or.! ·,itl,

for ti·o hour& et•

t .i~• ·.,::ick , , 1 l

1:..y f''-'"-Y

nt y

ch-i r on o. 1,11' 1 ,: ,,n,! or. '"c.·

ou d put ,

lay the violin f ro·.i tht! hm<llnc - 111, ce of .. l urge atdrcbt'l · , l.e

t.tl. r l!r er:ti.l:;,jf!

nt y

at h i o e l d~•t Hor bei L· ~rov~~ad L -

ou n

t B1> tll, he offe r ed t?

,.. -

ro 1 ioh

_ t ~nn~e ·itz, a f emoue

ust cn i nn:: ot °'ler e ccartriciti e e .

· :1:,r ri"'ge , •rper, a

nl 1 1.c r oo1 e e.r,-u i r,l\

Tl 1 int, • , fo r £ 1

fter . ir t; £pe 1 '

f :>r h i s

·d ~rom ,

:1 'c' l "'r, ar,d t hor/3 ',7u8 not .:ny dot"t' +. hi.a fc.t :.;;r

I: tl:

r -c ~

sl;e ep fE?.ttcr,crl ':-

~r,rr>r,rol" f ,

r t.· , ,r,d

Ar m

J 1 1:.tl

,.t tm· 'v lr,i:;e11ci1)l o t o tile

1: r" ' r,;i. l terl or

1l f

re for in, , cro

.~,r.

::~rnic~ l -noei o11 C06 t hira

cic-~ , frr Lie fctrer , 'l\lbO

.a10

f r o• tl1,. sou113 .

rcr ..

Ar m

i, . ~ .

exoc tio11 , but t},c- vi.r,H 1 r:v F ro llt.tcr1y ·1ut of tui.e tl.:~t '!.l.· v ?r \'

of it .

us eu m

rr:Cl!

us eu m

p ,j,r

16 I

to be Jt)f t t o t he r,udience . Lady • 1 the dee ,e on

us eu m

-~-

,,1ch sfr r.itd of tbe effect

ou nt y

us eu m

of ~ 1ie on h ie father t ~4 t th decJlne to £50 7~,c~~tz . . e c ont est •,1 thout P r aeon. g1vlr.q ·

+:, at · 1hE>n ()bli u")d to 1 eeve town dur;nfl' o is co11rtet1i p ,

The st0riee of Sir G•ne l BDct ½it violin uere 9Ddl ese .

r.e r-'rt l1is v 1 0lin to be de".>ol'i.ted iurt n" " his r>bsence in that

i.r: ,~an:v ros ,:~ctu 'Jf hig:i

,.,:, c;

itl-1 rl 1 1-,_i.s °C"entrlc1tiee he

•rrllr 1Hum of i r>1 oc -,nce, 1iss O' Donnel l' i:, o·m bod- cho!,berl"

she called that

us eu m

ou n

:re ·ms ·•

ou nt y

o+ i n a :,erioct of •mb1ushlng corruoti.on .

rA t r i

Ar m

dernterl

ag h

a n:o<>t c--,urtcn•J"' rr~"'tleman (he,rinp.; "the 11r r-ces"

EUpe---io rity of c_crDntnr, n r!an r,f thP- h i i:-'1~st honour i·r~ c~1fri ty,

fi.ret - r"+e ;,,ttn f'Chol,r •1ith v.rect clcse~ic"J tueto , but he ne v e r 'lhi u '-'Uf:l th9

nt y

ag h

Ar m

, tt,,ired ... o a res..,ectabJo "OGLtio1 ii. "laLlie• nti.cr. .

ore

nt y

Si r Cr~el v ery evrl y rd6pted tne

Ar m

ibertv n r~ ~f country.

sci"'rtif ic ttt., im cr tr, ·but to t.i.m dei:;conded th,: ir J ove of luLrninu ,

But he weo defeated

elect icr, to ai ve h is v o te a(lninst the mee.sure .

co~,c , ,..ho

~ conteste1

hi~ r creosi n ir J797 to h io estate . he engaied tn

Ar m

He 11 rd "been a str ong r. nti-Unionist, (Ind afte r

the Urthol i c cl , i.r,~ .

priisci J es ot r.ivi l P.ntJ. .celir:ious liberty , r-nc therefore sup· ·orted

hi h had been ~re sente

' ccorrttnv to Irish c ustom until the -petition

Ar m

v!a.e

aup-ported by r, 0 vernment inf lucr!ce; and Sir f Qitting i n the House r. ~ ,n:iaJ h~rl orly +h• t a ntalieinp- satiofaction b:, Col onf! l

us eu m

·,

us eu m

ogd n 6t thv .1•. etur n waa u i. O'P 'i sed of . 1

ou nt y

lie wao a met.1ber of t he bef ore shr.:en ri I ited Un poll ttc 1.l l,ody ',uiown o.c the i t beolime a disaf fu c t e d body to the "" rown nnd when i t include d 1.· 11 its ~embers ouch m..:n llb tlie . w n. Ge orge 1:n ox, cto. '!'he obj ect eeeme to have

beer. to raise Ire land to t he s a r.e 1 ev e 1 ? ol itical l y a s ~ngla.nd.

c.,rtes , Si r Cap el had no r ebellious int ent i ons , and I rol!Jem'ter hie

t Ll l i ng that o.f te r oever a l meeting s of viol ~nt d iss ension , a well-

ktio·~n .:1-31.:.:ber c ul 1 ed by t he stronge name of Fapper '. ndy r os e and

decla red it ·ya o ch ild' c; -pl &y s p endi ng night af t e r r.i ght in t1:1.l k ,

us eu m

I t ilour ht the tin:e was come f or me to looic f or m;y

ou nt y

ijni d Sir Ci,oe l ,

ag h

ou n

end t hat the timu wo.o co111t! to t hrow away t he scabbar d; "On wllicl1" ,

18.ny of t h e members b ec ume involved in the rebellion

meeting" .

Ar m

bat , ;;,.r.d :u1v lng f oun d it I r e tired and n ever a.gain a ttended a

nt y

Ar m

wlich ooor, f o l lowed , and \7hich undoubted ly pr ec ipita ted the Union;

ag h

und an associ a ti on u hlch certainly began in patri otic efforts for

ob ject s of ou ep io i on.

Sir t; apel nevt3 r f o•1ght

ou 80

°"Jany did ;

su:r of t n oae vho s a zeal ha.d carr ied t h em too f a r, ao

nt y

·o'3 0 EL>'DB

i nd iviriu e.1 1y ,

Ar m

const i tuti onal ri i:;hta was sca ttered , a n d its members , h owt3ver loyal

Ar m

8 generous r...ud ,•i,~atcv 1:1c tho r o.nk of the indi vid ua l h o gave them at tho ·risk of )ereonal ·t ~ i.c 1 ) ;l odg l!: .,mt of fo r oer 1 rat ern1 Y even

Ar m

lau .

l !'O

Tho horro* of the r abollion were followed b y t he d c ir Cape l was so dlsgust~d .., 00 r r u tion \fili a l, oe cured the Union , a n the h ·""i ght of the Un ion

1799 ' ncountyvArma.gh caused by T~is oJection wa s in ~o nt r overey , to fill the vocantYtt~ e rldom of Ch arlemont . ~ r d Cl ulfeild' e oucceso 1 on

C')

us eu m

us eu m i ·•t v .

iTe Cf'"rien thi o so fnr thnt ·,her. the, .Jul-e of

l • "vu :r-,., 1 etiquette , inv i t0tl ui•

1vo1·

"hiu he wrot~ at.

th at he voul ,J no, .rd thus ' e ent r'!P ,. '1eo 1

•

tl,e :1,11-, tc, itv>i<i Ln d y

t at. l ,, P.1oul_11 :11, ve ·1rlrlrcsP-ecl the .\. :). C. R•

: . ecc,;ii tr1c ni;!'rncabi 1 i ty , b c:, e

ref•i sr 1 d i -ec t to the :)uke .

!'IC 1. t :,

tote Jl y f<J r r-o t

C• .

dir.t•er , , c

I'\'

8r Yi0"" to lo

·ur rnnct , h••· r i.rr; of S ir C:nn,. 1 • ,1

~-0"

\'irer era]

ou nt y

d, 1 'ho

;:,c

.1ere

Uni.or. thnt

us eu m

t h e r·1l i n~ u1-1s~hn , rno. r,o soon pfte r

ou n

· ~·i i·

ag h

jl1tri0 ti sm

• r o lfl':·1t. 11p ir, a. :1:,i1~~ ,·,> erft Iri sh fee l'in17 'irudo.inftdd,

Ar m

t'l1is was

Ar m

Sir C1-oe l , ·~he n r.e r soJvad 1ot to

nt y

lone- , ..,.t·orP. Ce lt i c flY~">it.hi~ e .

e r: s~nne rs" ·:ere l,P.trryers of the ir c ountry.

'pl "0" er , n'i

n,:,-1 i sh r t1 1e F>no. in,jul'tice, ,nirl t. 10•,v,,t

ou nt y

l tb a ho rrn r 0f

1rre1V up

E.lJ i.ts r itter111rn3 WR!i' sti l l freAh , tt is not to le ;-;ono.e:r.rl t1at I

Ar m

nt y

nily co lour~ nnrl r.tott o .

his f

,•r 9 !:'r.erl h i. a serv·•nti:i in ,,.,hit e ann g~ec.?n , inatea.lt of

r11,i

He &l "llYB suu~orted Catholi c clai ms ,

firitll l, ,

ag h

fol lo·v tre c.romi to - n,.l•ncl , a.do'!lt ed for his :~otto ·;:,atrioe i nfe li cl

I .recall rliatlr,ct l y , whe n ,1e used to

Protiie-3 of erurnci.pr.tior .

1 urea into support of t be Uni )D by t 11e inf.:i renfb

Ar m

\·i3-s

Cathol i c p- rty

atter.ied t :~e ~e r1 i est r-1.,:i:gresrn.te meet inp;s , and coroeide r ,~1 t unt t he

":Y

'.l'J!'T

the

11;

gave h i gh

Ar m

"'~10

'l.'1'!l

~ n· i.e 'lf O' Conn e l l u.a a. youni;, b:. rl'is t~r

'ie ho\ire nr-d fortune who took me fr om eter Of t '

eo·J. rr.1 with ,,hol"l ry rlea tiny

\"OS

G11ch

'lrr~io r i r . t

att nd EJ.f·t:tr~i ·, ta :nePt i.n,ra f!.nci suer li1re pol itic a l -,n t herir p-o , h e

Jn rl y

st .

us eu m

- 2:14--

'..::.h:w t 1 e 1ouee in

"i.cn h;,d bel onred to the T:>rl s of ,.ntri r, .l

'er i nr. Sq u"r~

·~here lie r erten f r orr: Sir

'll"-1 iri,

fi fl1Y i ?:

'o J yneux, c ornbiner to

th,, fnrni. ture , r fl' ove the boolq:, Pn<l settle

F.f! l ,

;_ ~ to

1111re • •-,1.th -.y

11 ,,

·e offcrc,. t"r-en a t Genera l

ou nt y

~1 0

eunt , cn,1 ir.c'•1r-e

us eu m

·r11e 1ntt.er vei rs of •·>i r Cnpel, 8 1ife ·~e,.~ - spent 2rtirely in t th ,ier i e o· S . ;Pst J ~ 'Ji 11 on n 1· rl ~t ::,uu1 tr •

fro

clio 1 i'\ce to sub, it

the a ss istirnce which age raouire<l in

t_0

He (l~ slil<ed mucb f11rnilture, had hio bed in the

de;,tr, re~·A lned in h is two roome-; not f rom illness , but

vrri.1,io wr,ye .

:.' s

LACY

'!'o"'r rt11:1 the c l o~E" of h i1:1 life he ap-oeered litt J e Rbro nd , end after

us eu m

hose uri nts "'ere hunp:

ou nt y

Te rle1iR"hted in 1lom,rth ,

unco r.1o rtrbl0 .

I often t ho ·rht

U,e on~· ner-rest to h i r b einr- chonred daily .

Ar m

rn111: rl ,

ou n

ag h

r.:idrl le of Pie ro<)!lt , r nd nothinP' c oulrl look to othe rr r are wretchedly

nt y

m~us he cont.inued his various r eadinv : the Dooks he

Ar m

rPd h lP -oo~P .

hov; Hop.r rth' .., :1err U . ,·•oulrl hrwe sketched the orl 'ities of t. he ~sn

ag h

hnr! 1 een re<Jtli ng tlrn r>veni n{" before the par a lytic seizure which

nt y

Ar m

8 ccr,· ierl h i r off,7~ few rl"YG were a folio Virp:il an<l -;rr srnus '

"',·,ir Cft,-nel, 2 I l ook bock on him n s the most .,.,

Ar m

Yer i's · 1 T,er ttte dePth of

~·o 1 1y"; h i s cl r•sslcal tt1ater, fol lo ·11 F: ni.r t o the ver"e nd th irty 1'ow , nenr the close of .,,,y own life, f i.ve f, ot tie f't' !" V,3 .

"?r· i11e ~f

ag rm

Ar m

1 . 0'7 3:71 1rnrl 34 'terrion Square , :North . C"ul fei1d , tne a.utho r of tnis ·r 2 Cir v p~J ri ied i n 18:52 ; ,rs . .. a1ret.ch , i r. 1878.

us eu m

:fonour, CQHctPi..y , @;tn.crostty ,

,iee-p c11: l' l '.y , '111 ex:istorl , '·th i ucl. le, n1ir;nt·

( 'lr.tl :

' 1 1)r in ut all pu·,, to,.et

taste .

u i

,tt1 ?111,; to· l)" r

l, 1 c

cor:ai ies·:

i.n e arly 1 tft.l ,

ou nt y

. ctlc ' JU~

dt:,

us eu m

ortlir.,_r y c 1ar, et ,r I evnr 1Jet.

~~.:. 8

ti11

r..oot

!.lG

The f, ult of hie

vin<lic'",i. ve , 1..r1l he c1Jrt· in l y

·.~1,s

i.e ·

cl,n"ct.,Jr ,rnu , : ;- 1ini-- , ~llr>t he

I i ..

u tr, 1 g u ;,.

1:0

ecc.:ntric , Yl't ·1lw.-, y s cee ' ,!cted 11nrl l'tlA')ect; bld .

M ty

ou C

ou nt y

ou n C

us eu m

"TT" • 1 ..., T ('. '" ~-.,,J,......, l ,n11':t.' \..., u.T\-'

J..J.ti.

Ar m

ag h

cprricd to t.1w 1 t c t t.:,tl ' ,e,..•()ry of tri.f J ,rn th, 1, ha.' off ..:n l·.ld h i ·n in

nt y

ou C rm

ou C

Ar m ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

Vinc riunt .

ir J·r

ag h

Ar m

cl ' :1nd s on of JF mes d .lf e 11 , l ,,. J of t,:b; rltH 01.t , ar, , , Ilonbl e . Henry Cr-u ., o,,. tl1e .i1e \ ·tc,n• 3r d ·,a rl cr,J 5 th i • ~a,.\ll e i. 1 ' , 4th vi_scount a.~d , ,,t:1 ,-,_c nf J· ••riri o ,o1yneux Cnu e '

-~-

us eu m

. ·~o IIonblo • .Mt.s ,1 c • • • au1rmld,.

Author uant od of "Th. o~cCot tago~ ' s.Fr iond11 , and i'ro,1 Authentic Sources by .iat ~llm1 r\.twuno.eh: Far ;irco . Hy copy boar s th ' . ·. ·" eh, Dub.Lin , 103~, lt- LlO . ii + r.:Ju "A . Charle ont11 , and I have boon t~l~a-~~ of ~ roi:aer 011nor, e aut hor l e s& .( ony,_ous .

lt~;ea.

A,H, T.

(Irish Boole Lover , d--ted J uno 1911, Val.II, no . 11, pp . l 8l-182 ) .

nt y

h ag

nt y

ag h

ou nt y

us eu

ou n

Ar m

ag h

Ar m

".1ichacl r\.Llv anagh11 (Vol . II, p. 181) w1s one of th( cnnru.,os of Hon • .irs: Caulfeild of iloc•~lcy: Co . Ar 1a ~11. Sh~ ,ras a cloven· wo. an anc.,. a koon oo!i ticlm, the duu, ;htor of Doduoll llro•no, Esq . , and ,n.othor of J tmcs , last Earl ~;f Charl o,.10nt so tl1o i'or1101• o,mcr of t he book i n quest ion uas hor daughtcr-lnlau, Annu, Cotmtcss of Charlemont . Another lit lo uork of her s was II A Hint to S..1all Far..iors , 11 Ar.:iaeh, 18r.:'.9 , undor tho 1H,oudonyu 11er of "Cunnir....• Isaac•! . The l a t e Lit ton Falkincr cO. l!>ilcd fro:., 11 June R.,vicw, y Monthl ;.rs. ti-rO ur~lclos which a.p11carcd in "The unr July, l '.)O3, re51)Gctivcl y , entitled, "Charlc,Jont 1foune !lc..1orics 11 , v1d " An Ul ster Squire in the Beien of Gcorr:c I V. " (i.c . Sir C )01 l·!Ol ynoux), uhich I underst u id ~r <;atly lntrrcstc Lord t.o:::el>cry . "'.i'ho Cottager ' s :F'riend 11 uas orir,:mally ,ubli5hed i, four qun.rtc.rly-purts, ':lricc 9d_. each , 0ctooor , 1831 - J ul y , 183~, pri nted by Fol ds and publi shed by \-I ~~ ~ . " Wakc1mn . Hai nly co1)osed of ext ract s f rom wcll- kno,m m i ter .. , it cont~drw uch ori<;inal uattor f ro;,.1 th~ editor ' s pen, and one article by Gcor ec Ensor of Ardr css , in his day, a vol u~inous paiaphlc t oc r . A. C.

LullybL'Elclr ' Co . Dublin.

~~''t

Ar m

nf{

Hon . l;rs. CaulfoiL.l (my cr andLlother ) u~s bor~~n,!~r!l 14th, 1801 , and cicd on t he 20th ~ct ~~tlnlg~!;ty nolitics. very clever wo,.ian and t ook a gr eat P d in pr imar y education, ~ d t he \Tolfaro of her She ua::; nuch int crcst~d 1~ f ~rmine 00 nnc. lndoetl in cvcryt h:i.ns tha. l, 11 0 of her t ravels i n S\ritzcr poor, r ncirrhbourn . t.:hc urot~t0 1~ !erc oft en both inter esting ~h t ,.,be ->ublinhcd anyt hi nr. 11....., and uol lnnd 7 and her le ~ ything t i:1t d1c 10ft ,·ould an.a ur.n.wln • Lut I clo not 0 :xco t what ~ ou mo\T of 7 .• or a Elinor M. Str ongc . he :mitaL.1.0 .1.·or )ul>lica t:i.on .

Ar m

Ar 1n.r;h.

ou nt y

s..;111.L Far or ' s Gll2.de 11 , etc .

us eu m M

us eu m

Tlw IIonble, Mrs . R. ca u1 r~

\Ta;

ou C rm

ou n

h ag Ar m ©

nt y

ou nt y

ag h ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

Ar m ©

ou n

(Tl1c Irir ,h Dool,;: Lov er, Vol . II, pag es 195- 196 . ) •

us eu m

not

nt y

ou nt y

f~o ~ tho art ic~es ,,1en~ion co.u.1.fcJ.ld wn.s acq u:n nte d w:i.th ed, one cath ors tha t Hrs . ( a,d 1ic licv od. in t'1<? 11 serp ent" Tom Uooro Lac1y r-iorgan Plu nke t npcech Emoet) o •C6n nel l and Tho s . Dav:i.s . W:i.th ' . &1i th 0 1 Dri en she on torc1s of clo se int i 1acy . Ind eedWm one of the las t lett ers uri tten by l1Ll on the c vo of his mri lc, d 11 Rich..:iond Pris on July , 1849'1 '70.S to hur . It con cluddate es thu s: - 11 I nhal l cea se in a dis tan t l a.nd to roc all ,-,ith pl eas ure the rec olle cti ons of a fri e nds hip ,,ihi ch has last moro you rs than eith er of us care to rcc1wn . Nor uil l you od obj ox1)r o ssio n of ,1y con vic tion tha ect tha t I sho uld add the t if all Iri sh ;1cn ucrc ~in by son tiue nts as i.1at rio tic as tho se of Mrs . Cau lfei ld! :i.t ato d \Tould not n ,1 be .uy lot to trav fai thf ull y end eav our ed to serv ern c the Ocean for hav ing e Irel and . - Ed.

-f

us eu m

NOTES FOR MEETING OF l'Hi

us eu m

BIBLIOGRAf>HICAL SOCIETY OF IRELJW2 -Saturday, May 31, 1928

The traditional significance of Armagh in pre-

Christian days no doubt influenced st. Patrick in his

ou nt y

Introduction to the exhibition of books apa manuscripts ill the Public Library of Armagh.

He soon secured sites for churches

ag h

ou n

and immediately began preparations for the instruction

us e

ou nt y

of the young people of the area and so about the year 450 Cultural

the first school of the new regime was opened.

Ar m

growth was gradual in the sixth and seventh centuries but

nt y

Ar m

by the end of the latter century the schools of Armagh

ag h

were widely recognized.

poem attributed to Prince Alfrid, later King of the

nt y

Ar m

The city and its amenities figure favourably in a

Northum.brian Saxons, who about the year 684 is reputed to By the succeeds h ave been a pupil in one of i t s sch ool •

Ar m

ing century Armagh had acquired an enviable position but

Ar m

during the ninth and tenth centuries the city, its schoolS, h the raids of the and churches suffered greatly throug

Norsemen, whose repeated incursions resulted in the

the year 444 A.D.

According to the Annals he reached Armagh in

mission.

choice of it as the place of supreme importance in his

us eu m

170

destruction of the scholastic

ou nt y

us eu m

establishments and their books, and so alarmed foreign st d t u en s that they no longer came to study in the In those same numbers. in plundered was Armagh centuries 830 ' 867 , 890 , 919 The most important local specimen of penand 946.

manship to survive those tragic days is th

e so-called Book of Armagh, compiled in one of the monastic houses

of the city in the year 807 and one of the most precious

It is our

origin that can with certainty be dated.

of our Irish manuscripts, tbe only one indeed of early

source for the story of the contacts between Patrick

ou n

ag h

ou nt y

us e

rings of whose entrenched abode are still traceable.

and Daire, the then Prince of the district, the enclosing

Ar m

They provide visible reminders of Patrick's arrival in

the mid-fifth century, to which era belongs the celebrated

nt y

Centuries later the Bell

ag h

linked for ever with hmagh.

Ar m

Patrick's Bell, one of two famous personal momentos

nt y

Ar m

had a shrine made for it by Donnell 0'Locblan, King of

Ireland, during the Primacy of Donnell MacAuley, Arch-

bishop of Armagh, by which inscription it can be dated

Ar m

as having been fashioned between the years 1091 and ll05.

relic in Ireland and remained in safe keeping in Armagh

t was carried off to Dublin unt111179, in which year i

Ar m

It was the most reno-wned ecclesiastical

longer exists.

The second, the venerated Bachal Isa, unfortunately no

us eu m

by a force of Anglo-Norman

church was inspire d by St. Malachy, a famous Armachian

the site of whose birthpl ace bears a commemorative

ou nt y

us eu m

s, there to be retain ed untu b . was it the Reform ation when pu hcly burned in 1538. . . Learnin g made steady pr ogress in the city in the Educati on gained a fr h eleventh century . es impetus the Irish of nt in the 12th century when the amendme

In those

like St. Malachy in our city schools.

Concord, were also of local extracti on and educated

He was born in the city in 1095 and died 1148 , Two other Archbis hops of Armagh, St. Celsus and st. tablet.

ou nt y

Ar m

nationa l importa nce and were fostered by the kings of other provinc es besides Ulster - for instance , by the

us e

ou n

ag h

centurie s the schools of Armagh maintain ed their

nt y

Ar m

King of Munste r in 907 and Roderic k O'Connor, High King of Ireland , in 1169, the latter benefac tion being the

nt y

ag h

Ar m

last grant made by a king of Ireland towards educatio n It was not, however , the last assistan ce in the city.

Ar m

1 siastica l Synod In 1162 it was decreed at an ecc e tted to teach or publicly that no per son should be Permi studied at Armagh, thus not lecture on theolog y who had

h ag

in Armagh a spiritu al home.

Ar m

given by a local prince for in 1387 Nial O'Neill, king of Ulster, built a hostel on the outskir ts of the city learned men i,bo found for the accomm odation of the many

us eu m

ou nt y

us eu m

conferring on the scho ols of Ar magh pre-eminence over all the other schools of Ireland and confirming the citY in its claim to university status, That was but a few years before the Anglo-Normans conquest, by which the Irish monastic schools were at first little disturbed. Their usefulness, however, diminished

matters of education.

Such schools did not suffer

t hrough conflict between English and rr·ish op i nion on

By that decree Ireland was left for a time

in 1537.

actual extinction until the dissolution of monasteries

ou nt y

petitioned Queen Mary as to the necessity for a

Ar m

university and schools and in 1583 in the reign of

us e

ou n

In 1558 Dr. George Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh ,

ag h

without any educational facilities vlhatever.

Elizabeth I a proposal was made to establish universities

nt y

coveted prize.

ag h

Ar m

at Armagh and Limerick but Dublin eventually acquired the

During Elizabeth's

but that was likewise unsuccessful.

nt y

Ar m

The F.arl of Tyrone made a further attempt in 1599

Ar m

sovereignty endeavours were made to set up schools in

counties by ..mich the Royal School of Armagh, an

Ar m

In 1608 lands were granted by King James and set apart th8 various northern for the upkeep of free schools i n

the shire towns but nothing seems to have been he Plantation of Ulster. accomplished in Armagh until t

us eu m

-!:. 173.

importan t educ ational establish ment

came into being

us eu m

and still flourish es.

ou nt y

The closing years of th e eighteent h century brought tbe question of a universi ty at Annagh again to public h noti ce. Lord Rokeby, the then Archbi sop, bequeathed

a legacy towards its foundatio n having during hi s lif e-

The scheme had, however, to be dropped because of

oppositio n from various sources.

in 181+5 to obtain a Queen I s College for the city but

An effort was made

time endowed a library and observato ry as adjuncts .

though the general opinion towards the proposal was

ou n

ag h

partial to a college at Armagh it was erected in Belfast

us e

ou nt y

Ar m

where it has s ince become t h e universit y of t he province.

nt y

Ar m

Schools and events such as I have mentioned presume The first mention of such the necessit y of librarie s. an institut ion at Armagh occurs in the Annals in the

nt y

ag h

Ar m

year 1020, when the town was devastate d by a fire '«hich consumed the great stone church, the tower and its bells,

however,

that library

ample evidence that long previous there had existed at

silver and in the general

Ar m

houses of the students , with much gold and exception other p recious things - the Only Just \ihat catastrop he being the library. There is, contained we shall never know.

Ar m

the stone church of the Election s, the stone church of th Saval, the chariot of the Abbots and the books in e

~ 1

us eu m

71t

The death of a celebrated librarian of Armagh is

ou nt y

us eu m

Armagh a series of scribes whose chi f e monastic service seems to have been the multiplicatio n of b k 00 s. Entries relating to them begin in 720 and i 1 nc ude great figures such as the compiler of the Book of Armagh, in itself merely a copy of an older original th a t was probably lost in one of the Norse raids.

That century,

following year is still preserved.

however, saw the coming of the Anglo-Normans and the

not ed in 1136 and an Armagh manuscript written in the

Of the

ou n

ag h

those suffered in the days of the Vikings.

renewal of raids on the city almost as disastrous as

us e

state of the ancient library from that period down to

ou nt y

Ar m

the Reformation we have practically no knowledge.

There are in the present collections a unique set of

nt y

Ar m

archiepiscop al registers beginning in 1335 but they form

ag h

part of the archiepiscop al records rather than library

Ar m

We are aware, of course, that the city was beginning rd th to decline before the Reformation and that afterwa s e o•Neills made the town wars between the English and the There was still, a barracks rather than a seat of study· entury but we are utterly howver, a library in the 17th C From Friar o•Mellan' s in the dark as to its contents.

f rom t he earlier library.

nt y

Ar m

archives and cannot therefore be considered survivals

'r.

us eu m

,7r;,

account of its destruct ion on

ou nt y

us eu m

e WouJ.d assume that it consisted chiefly of English th 1 eo ogical works - the d actual entry dated 6 May 1642 ' rea s as follows: , "Armagh was burnt; the cathedra l With its steeple and ~ d with its bells, organ s and glass •...... n ows, and the

whole city, with the fine library, .~th all the learned ,..,_ books of the English on Divinity , logic and philosoph y". We cannot even guess as to what perished then and not

literary amenitie s in the city.

until over 120 years later was there any revival of

The library of to-day owes its f oundation to Arch-

ou nt y

Ar m

and endowed it naming it the Public Library of Armagh

us e

Six years later, in 1771, he built

Armagh in 1765.

ou n

ag h

bishop Robinson who was translate d from Kildare to

nt y

The original edifice was

ag h

which it is still governed .

Ar m

and so that the scheme might have permanency obtained by Act of Parliame nt a charter of incorpora tion under

nt y

Ar m

an important one and The book collectio n is printing besides some contains specimen s of early the gift of its rather rare works, most of which were of Gulliver 's ti founder, amongst them a first ed i on

Ar m

noticeab le.

harmonize so well with the older work as to be scarcely

us eu m

eu eu us us e

M ou C rm

o C

h ag Ar m ©

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us M ty

ou n C h

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

M y

ou C

ag h

Ar m

C h

ou nt y

us eu m

Tra vel s wi th an no tat ion s in the au tho r's ow han d'l(l 'iti ng. Th e ma nu scr ipt co lle cti on is, however, the gre ate st tre as ur e of the lib rar y. It co nsi sts of much me die va l ma ter ial and many int ere sti ng ite ms of the 17 th and 18 th ce ntu rie s, some of which you wi ll have an op po rtu nit y of ins pe cti ng lat er by per mi ssi on of tbe Ke ep er, the Ve ry Re v. the Dean of Armagh.

us eu m

117_ ~DUCATIONAL..._

the year l.t-44 A. D.

He soon secured sites for Churches

ou nt y

us eu m

The traditional signif · icance of Armagh in PreChri stian days no doubt infl uenced St . Patrick in his . choi ce o f it as the place of supreme importance in his Acco rding to the .Ann 1 mission . a s he reached Armagh in ·

· t and i mmediately began preparations for thems ruction

of the young p eople of the area, and so about the year

l.t-50 the first school of the new regime was opened.

ou n

us e

ag h

of Armagh were widely recognized .

ou nt y

The City and its amenities figure favourably in a

po em written in 68!.t- by Prince Aldfrid, later King of t he

By the succeeding

ag h

period a pupil in one of its schools .

nt y

Ar m

Northumbrian Saxons, who is reputed to have been for a

nt y

century Armagh had acquired an enviable position.

Ar m

During the ninth and tenth centuries the city and its schools and churches suffered greatly through th e raids

Ar m

·ncursions resulted in the of the Norsemen whose repeated l.

so alarmed foreign students that they no

Ar m

books and

dest ruct ion of the scholastic establishments and their

centuries but by the end of the latter century the schools

Ar m

Cultural g r owth was gradual in t he sixth and seventh

us eu m

longer came t o study in the same numbers .

us eu m

centuries Armagh was plundered in

I n t hose

830 867 890 , 919 and

The only local manuscript

ou nt y

to survive those tragic days is the so-called Book of Armagh, compiled in one of

the monasti c houses of the city in the year

It is our source for the story of

certainty be dat ed.

one indeed of early origin t hat can with absolute

807, and one the only manuscripts, Irish our of s preciou most the of

t he contacts between Patrick and Daire , the then Prince

ag h

ou n

abode are still traceable, a visible reminder of Patrick' s

us e

arrival in the mid- fifth century , to which period belongs

ou nt y

the celebrated Patrick ' s Bell, one of two famous personal

Ar m

reli cs of the saint linked for ever with Armagh .

nt y

King of Ireland , during the Primacy

o,Lo chlan ,

Donnell

ag h

Ar m

Centuries later the Bell had a shrine made for it by

nt y

of Donnell MacAuley, Archbishop of Armagh, by which

ag rm

Ar m

in Armagh until 1179 in . and rewained in safe keeping . doff to Dublin by a force of which y ear it was carrie

Ar m

inscription it can be dated as having been fashioned The second relic, the between th e years 1091 and 1105. n longer exists . venerated Ba chal Isa, unfortunat e1 Y 0 1· in Ireland It was the most reno\-med ecclesiastica1 re ic

Ar m

of the di strict, the enclosing rings of whose entrenched

us eu m

Anglo-Norma ns, there to be retained unt1·1

th e Reformation

us eu m

when it was publicly burned in 1538 • Learning made steady progress in

century when the amendment of the I rish church was

inspired by St . Malachy, a famous Armachian, the traditional

ou nt y

the tenth century. · In 1020 the Library of illrm l is mentioned in the Annals ag1 the first reference to such an·ins t itution in any city ' in Ireland . Education gained a fresh impetus in the 12th

Two other Archbishops

ag h

ou n

of Armagh, St . Celsus and St . Concord, were also of local

us e

ou nt y

In those centuries the schools of Armagh

schools .

ext r action and educated like St . Malachy in our city

Ar m

~aintained their national importance and were fostered

nt y

Ar m

by the kings of other provinces besides Ulster - for

ag h

instance by the King of Munster in 907 and Roderick latter bene01Connor, High King o f Ireland l·n 1169, the

men who found in Armagh a spiritual home .

nt y

Ar m

de by a king of I reland faction being the last grant ma It was not , however ' the towards education in the city . cal prince for in 1387 Nial last a ssistance given bY a lo ilt a hostel on the outskirts 0 1 Heill, king of Ulster , bu th any learned of the city for the accommodation of em

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He wa s bor n in 1095 and died 1148.

site of whose birthplace bears a commemorative tablet .

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t a an ecclesiastical Synod t hat no p erson should be permitted t o teach or publicly l ecture on theology who had not studied at • "'rmagh, thus . conferring on the schools of Armagh pre- eminence over all t h e oth er schools of Ireland and confirming the city Th . status University o t claim its in at was but a few :' ears before the Anglo - Norman conquest, by which the

I ri sh mona stic schools were at first little disturbed.

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I n 1162 it was decreed

The i r usefuln ess, however, became gradually i mpaired

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Such schools did not suffer actual

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extinction until the dissolution of monasteries in 1537 .

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By that decree Ireland was left for a time without any

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educa tional facilities whatever .

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In 1558 Dr. George Dowdall, Archbishop of Armagh,

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petit ioned Queen Mary as to the necessity for a university

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and s ch ools and in 1583 a proposal was made to est ablish

secu red t h e coveted prize .

unive rsities at Armagh and Limerick, but Dublin eventually

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but that was likewise unsuccessful.

During queen

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in 1599 Ta e Earl of Tyrone ma de a further effort

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to establish schools Elizabeth I s reign efforts were made ·ng seems to have been i n th e sh ire tor.-ms but nothJ.

natters o f e ducation .

through conflict between English and Irish opinion on

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a ccomplished i n Armagh. until

The closing years of the eighteenth century brought

Lord Rokeby , the then Archbishop, later

notice .

t he question of a university at Ar magh again to public

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the Plantation of Ulst er . In 1 60 8 lands were granted by King J am es and set apart for the upkeep of frees h 1 coos in the various northern . h counties by which the Royal School of A rmag, an important educational establishment, came into bei·ng and still flouris h es .

bequeathed a legacy towards its foundation having during

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An attempt was made in 1845 to secure a

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opposition from various sources chiefly Oxford and

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Tne p ropo sal h ad, however , to be dropped because of

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Queen I s College for the city but despite the general

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erected in Belfast .

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favourable opinion towards the proposal it was eventually

From th e Annals events in the city ' s history may

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be compiled in diary fa shion but the entries are so f requent that only a f ew can be noticed. f I reland, was buried . In 760 Flaghertach, King 0 t 1 hill and in 830 the in tne old graveyard on th e cen ra

hi s lifetime founded a library and observatory as adjuncts .

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In 880 Domnall O' Neill, King of Ireland

was laid to rest and exactly a century later Domnald

in the city.

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citY wa s first plundered b Y the Norsemen. I n 8lt6 ling t iall p erished in ad rowning a ccident in the River Callan, aft er having driven th v· k. e i i ngs from the city , He too was laid to rest in the regal cemetery. Tl1ree y ear s later an important royal conference was held

ling of Ireland, was buried in the same cemetery.

In 1001+ Brian Boru, the most famous of the Irish

kings , d eposited an offering of gold on the altar of the

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battl e of Clont arf his body was brought ba ck there to

rest with the great company of saints, kings, philosophers

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In 1022 Malachy MacDomnald, King of

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Patri ck ' s church .

and poets already interred in the sa cred ground round st .

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I reland, was buried in the same place but Dervolg, wife

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Five years later Turlough

century Franciscan Friary .

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of Ti r delvach, who died in 1151 was buried in the 13th

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· s of the cit y b T'.oere were further raids and urning . 1020 1072 and 1112. , and its churches and schoo1 sin

Armagh died .

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the Great who founded a professor ship of Divinity in

gr eat church of Armagh and t en years later following t he

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I n 1126 th e anci ent Abbey of St , Peter and St. Paul was r ebuilt . . Chu rches and school s - again suffered in 1150 and 1164. In 1166 Murr-ogh oi Loghlin , K.ing of . Tyrone , wa s slain in battle south 0 f th e city and his body br ough t in for interment. Four years later

Synod at ,mich it was decreed that the Irish should no

Gel a siu s, the then Archbishop held his celebrated Armagh

longer purchase Englishmen f rom pirates and sell t hem as

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In 1188 Donald, the son of

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the c it y and a gain in 1185.

at Cavanacaw nearby and buried in Armagh .

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Hugh O1 Logh lin, King of Tyrone, was ki lled in an affray

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In the follow-

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In 1261 P atrick 0 ' Scanlon was appointed Archbishop .

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was followed by Hugh de Lacy.

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ing year John de Courcy pillaged the city and in 1206 he

In 1268 he

Friary of which substantial ruins remai n.

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of the Franciscan Tinre e ye a rs la t er h e began the erection

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rebuilt t h e Great Church of Armagh incor porating within 'ld1·ng the site of three primitive his cruciform- shaped bul T'n e walls of the present cathedral are the cnurches. In 1315 Edward Bruce, brother shell of that building .

In 1179 Anglo-Norman f orces raided

should be set free.

sl aves and at which it was ordered that all such bondsmen

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to h.ing Robert Bruce, invaded Ul t s er and wasted the See of Arillagh . In 1348 th f e amous Richard Fitzralph co:n 1only called St . Richard of Du d ' n alk, became Archbishop . In the opening years of -I-he n ext century the u

cathedral was burned by accidental fire by which there

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Ar:uagh is a mar ~rnt to,-m of some anti quity but the

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Edward IV granted a charter to Archbishop Bole 9th

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date of its first charter cannot now be ascertained .

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February , 1467 , a document pre- supposing an earlier

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charter being , in fact, but a confirmation of the

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Archbishop ' s l egal right s with regard to a weekly market .

That char ter vas attested and inspected again 1st June, 1558 .

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In 1511 t:1e town was again dest royed and in 1586 Sir

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John Perrott, the then Lord Deputy divided Ulster into ~ Armagh gave name to the county . shires by which the city 0.1. rant was passed on the petition In •; he following year a g viding the city with a Tuesday of the Earl of Tyrone Pro the famous Battle of the ar~et . Eleven years later

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seeJ1 s to :1ave been a furthe r destruction in 144 . 9

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Four years later King

been h eld time out of mind 11 •

J ame s I gr anted the city a new charter by which the

u1anagement of the tm-m was entrusted to a Sovereign and

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~ellow Fo rd was fought in the immed· t .. 1.a e v1.c1.ni ty . Ar~agh s uffered repeatedly in the wars between Eli zabeth and the OI Neills . In 1609, following the f l i gat o f t h e Earls, an Inquis1.·t· - 1.on was taken in the ci t y iJhereby i t Has found that ''a weekly market had

Bur ges ses and by virtue of that arrangement Armagh sent

t wo rep re s entatives to serve in the I rish Parliament up

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I mp erial Pa rliament until 1872 .

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The Tuesd ay market was confirmed to Archbishop

Hamp t on and his successors in 1611+ with two f airs .

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to th e Union with Great Britain in 1800 and one to the

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In 1634 Archbishop Usher was granted an additional market

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on Satu r days with another fair , 1.2 the old Round Tower' the In the Civil War Of 16-t and the fine old Library cat ~ edral, its bells and organs ·me the Market House At the same tl. went up in fl ames . -·f·ce became necessary in ',-1as damar ed so that a new eai 1. . 42 and completely rebuilt This was replaced in 17 1664.

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furthe r ")atent was issued fo r fairs and markets in 1620 .

1335.

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It is now the Techn- ical SCh 001 ,

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3ecor d s .

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Th e origi nal Cor uorati on lfac • es were lost in the • R the T them t r oubl e s o f 161+2 and uith oi;-m ecords , but n in 1557 durin g the Comhlonwealth Per~od ew maces were ... pr o cured . They surviv e with some volume s of Corpor ation

~ing James II dissol ved the Corpo ration in 1688 and appoin t ed a n ew Sover eign and Burge sses but follow ing

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th e co.1 clu sion of h is War with the Prince of Orange :n e:nbers of t h e depos ed Corpo ration were reinst ated .

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Du ring t i1e p eriod of the Willia mite Wars the City was It was h eld i n turn by the adher ents of both partie s . the b eg i nning of the 18th centur y before the city began

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to recov er from the event s of 1641- 42 and of 1688- 1690, aced . but fro~ tnen onwar ds progr ess may be more easily t r