Armachiana Volume 23 by Armagh City Banbridge & Craigavon Borough Council

us eu

us eu M

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ag h

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ÂŠ

Ar m

Armachiana Vol 23 (Armagh County Museum ARMCM.28.2014.52)

If any of the material is reproduced, in any form and in any medium, you should acknowledge Armagh County Museum as the source and give the document references below.

us eu

nt y

The contents of this digital resource should only be used for non-commercial personal research and all rights remain with Armagh County Museum.

ou nt y

Armachiana Volume 23

nt y

us eu m

us eu

ou nt y

un ty

The cont ents of these volumes l a belled are simply notes for t alks to

Armachiana

local and visiting societies in search of

They a re not of any

and ancient monuments .

ou C

o C gh

ag h Ar m

ÂŠ

Ar m

TGF Paterson

nt y

students seeking da t a on the county g enerally or on their own distri ct s i n particular .

ÂŠ

great i mportance but may provide a gui de to

Ar m

material relating to it s historical background

us eu m

.UU..AOll MISCELLANEA.

VOL.~~

eu us

us eu m

77-82

83-91

ou nt y

145-148

ou C

157-167

Ar m

ou nt

149~156

C ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

Chapel

ag h

the Macan Asylum for the Blind

St. Malachy's

92-144

nt y

church Plate

Ar m

St. Mark's

Data tor Talks tor 1968 Civic Week Excursions

nt y

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

71-74 75-76

Seminary and Mechanics

Mass Gardens and Mass Rocke

Ar m

St • .Patrick's Institute

54-70

ag h

The Old Cathedral. Tower ae a View Point

St. Luke's Hospital

47-5'.5

of Ar~

Digniticance

16-:58

39-46

Data on the Mall, Oopy of the Act for the Armagh Public Library, Abstracts trom corporation Records

City of Armagh Field Club

7-15

Dunsink and A.rma&h

Traditional

1-6

Observatory

Armagh

eu m

Armagh Observatory

us eu m

AHMMW,Observatory , T. ¾. r::('a.Len_s;o--r'l

had in his !Uind the hope that

In 1583 a

made that laid pl.an• ror un1 vu si tie a

nt y

the subject was ra:tsed. by the

being,

Ar m

Tr1D1.t7 came into

after

In 1S99~ 1evtan years

affairs.

ag h

scholastic

taking precedence of Dublin

resulted. 1n those two cities 1n Irilh

ei".fected, would have

which,

Ar m

at Al'm88hand Limerick

wa1

ou nt y

proposal

ou nt

state

ag h

Dowdall but the times were too unsettled.

ag h

was 1n l5'58 by Archbishop

attempt

'l'he earliest

centre.

us eu m

to revive it as an educational

:nade in the 16th and 17th

eexituries

ot t~

with the past history

familiar

tow and or the ertorta

nt y

Two Earl of Tyrone and was again convenientl.7 shelved. centuria• later, on the 12th Apl'il, 1787,- Thomas Orde,

Ar m

lllho

oame :t1'0lll Trinity

1D Armagh

that part ot ite 1ar1• estates

'.i.'he

t;o sq,

Ar m

po .. 1'bl1 teaff4

8lll 10%rJ

ou nt

tJ.

to the founding of a second university

oppo81'1on,

ot the olauN

whiah paaaed the House v1 th the exception relaUD1

all the proposals

Ar m

ot Common•a aobem•ot education,

the then Cb1et Secretar1 • illtroduced into the Iriah House

was, no doubt,

The Archbishop

town.

ll11ght again becOOlea university

and

Armagh

prelate

generous

that distinguished

us eu m

Armagh Library and Observatory,

eu m

The Observatory owes its origin to Richard, Lord of Ar.uagh. In establishing the Rokeby, archbishop

other

change o:f government resulted

Robinson in bis will

proposal , tor Archbishop

lett

ot a College Chapel.

Strong

ou nt

and

ou nt y

nt y

tor a Queen's college

Ar m

tbe taotora that 1.Dcmced.Archbishop Robinson to mppl•et

Ar m

aotiY2.'7.

tbe ob~••t ot maid.DC Arma&b again a centre of educational

~• Library 1'y an observatory aDd both were founded 1111;11

ou nt

'.l.'h-rare, however,

observatory

or the

to do

nt y

ag h

Ar m

i'bou events may seem to you to have little vitb the b11tor,

that haa since developed into Queen'•

an inttitutioD

in the struggle

Ar m

de.feat«l by Belfast

troubl.ed

again

181+; in which year we were

until

edueation problas

University t,.

wewere not

to Trinity

anttaatal

.foundation lllDUl.dbe

a :feeling that its

Ar m

was atill

ag h

nie matter was raised once more 1n 1836 bu.t there

cons•qa.ent.l)' the legacy lapsed.

the king

us eu m

refused to commendthe propoai tion

tb• then Prime Minister,

ag h

were made to induce the .British Government to

agree bu.t the Duke of Portland,

o£

e.-rtion•

8U1a

ot £5,ooo towards it and an additiotial.

£1., 000 for the erection

to renew the

that it was intended

It is clear

bequest

and the matter dropped tor the time

Orde's retirement being.

might be diverted

counties

to that purpose.

Ulster

eu m

and iri certain

us eu m

t. The erection ot the Observatory began in 1789 and cbose Francis Johnston

eu m

the Archbishop

see, a pleasant

It 11, as you will

three-atoreyed.

interior

of the period with interesting

as his architect. house

details.

was COllpleted towards the end of 1789 as may be

veri.f'ied by the very rare Mossop medal

1ear,

of that

••rJ

the Glory of God".

us eu m

ot the south front with the

motto .. "The Heavens Declare

in Armagh

an "ol.d

it1strumellts once the proper\y

nt y

A.mashby

with

linked

the tounder of

of King

ot certain

an institution

Ar m

nt y

7ou to mow that Samuel Molyneux

the Kew observatory

the gift

observatory

as early as 1780 and in passing it may

ag h

interest

in the transactions

Dr. Hamilton had a private

Ar m

at Denyloran

papers published

of the Academy.

astronomer and the author

scientific

skilled

ou nt y

W&S a

Ar m

several

ag h

boyt' of tbe Royal School of Armagh, bec&Jllethe tirst

Director.

Dean

us eu m

of Mullabrack

ou nt

of Cloyne and Prebendary

ag h

In the loUold.ng year James Archibald Hamilton,

appropriate

other a representation

ou nt

m ©

t'aet that

B&r,.,waa in

statue ot Sir ThomasMolyneux

Ar m

1• oredited

b7 tradition with having bad a private observatory on the ancestral estate here on tbe outaldrt• ot the oity. It may well be that tb• dome like structure tba11 bouNd about a century ago Roubillac's

George III

bearing on one side the bead ot the founder and on the

us eu m

t} . blilding.

Molyneux

was the

son of William

ot the "Case of Ireland

Stated"

and a member of

eu m

author

Molynuex

Be was born 1D 1689 and died

At that t!IM

ou nt

'111tb h1a to "10ll M allowed

Ar m

dolle as a place wberein to a>tertain

the large

their

f'riend.a.

the naming et~ that particular

a.at ot tbat tavou:r l1'ff

us•ot

ou nt y

the

Tisdale

ag h

and. Juliana

daughter,

Dr. Hamilton had an unmarried

.Jane, and ho wards, Catherine

Bishop

us eu m

ag h

ot Ossory

a former Dean ot Armagh and later

Hugh Hamilton

son ot

ot view b1 an

point

diary kept bf Alexander Hamilton,

interesting

us M

nt y

bow.

1Doi4enl OCJOVI 1n '1le diu)- 1n 1198.

nn.nc•'° her

ou nt

e1itent1ons to

1n bi•

• bat lbe had other

ratbff auiDI

••17constant

Lord

ot the Royal Irish

president

Jane Hamilton

cir<11aHtC11C...

1D aillilu

or the tint

Academy va• then

conception

Ar m

IOD

111bom they

not •o -..uy ditte:rent to llbat we

think ourHlves

Caulfield

A sel.tilb

Ar m

blit

lligbt

p•~•

net.

he&Tm

Ar m

and willhed

ag h

pleasant place wherein th.,- oni, aet thoN loved

nt y

Ar m

doae •• "heaven; the reHon g1-nn 'being tba1; 1t was a

at the observatory

H11 period

11 coYered trom the sod.al bistol')'

11ring

of the Armagh

us eu m

d1ed 1n 1815'.

director

observatory

the tirst

Dr. Hamilton,

17.28.

centuries.

a f"amily well kllown in Du.blln in the 16th, 17th and 18-tb

us eu m

1. had been up to

and Alexander Hamilton

to pass the evening with the ladies,

the observatory

eu m

Lord Caulfield

home tound the lodge gates locked witb 1'be the re8Ul t that they weN forced to climb them. diary tell.a us tbat Lord Caulfield troa practiee got

ag h

HamUton•s successor in the Directorship

was the

lilllO

Fellow of Trinity

D.D., Sclior

Davenport

to...night.

us eu m

pumit us t-o atuc)J 1t further

but Um.e doea not

manuacnpt

i'rom that particular

should like to quote rreely

Rn'. ••

and in the second tore his breeches.

difficult

us eu m

ou nt y

ou nt

1n 182'/ by the Al:!J ding

nt y

ot the academy

In l8SJ, Pr. Robinson was president

Ar m

GeorgeBeresford

Ar m

po1t1ble

wat enlarged

rooma and a second dom-e,a work 1:1.ad.e ot archbishop Lord John through the generosity

10111• utra

ag h

Ar m

care the 0bservato1'7

ag h

18-J, and was succeeded b7 t~ Bev. Thomas Romney and ill aany Robinson ».»,., a f'ormer Fellow ot ~ity Under his ot all the Directora.. vaJ• the molt yerntile cl1e41n

during

Ha1pe4

tbe 1911t-1911

Ar ©

•

Ar m

Mntapd m.i astronomer

Maria Edgeworth the authoress vu boa ,1ae to time• sua, - bez• •'~sine waatb• »oc-tor• • HOOnd ¥1.te,. &., Dreyer a loblnlOD na eucoeed.td 'bf D~. John

ou nt

In b1·• Ul'II ~ office,

tor oTa SS 1eers.

Ar m

observatory

Be 4184 J.n 1881 at'ter bavine held tbe I>1.reotol'llb1p of' 1:lbe

att«npt

but Hamilton found the first

oTel' immediately

way

and on their

war.

us eu m

l:, , a very br1l.llan t

His successor was Dr. Hardcastle, He did good service

Herschell.

of the tamoua Sir W1l11am

eu m

man and the great-grandson

the war of 1914-

during

at Armagh.

duty

ba.t he did not

i'be next in succession vaa Canon w.E. A. Ellison

us eu m

in no uncertain

waa hia

ag h

and that

ot one archbishop

were bu11t

nt y

on our list

Ar m

nt y

obJeot wa• not achieved.

ou nt

h ag m

Ar ©

h ag

Ar m

that particul.ar

but ur:itortunat~

the Obse:netol'J -

Htabliabing

prov1ded tor in the ut

to found a museum also - that waa actually

Ar m

Lindsay

to emphasize the tact

I should like

that three ot the establishments

intention

.a.M.

ou nt y

C h

Ar m

In concluaion

in the l1tet1me

i'be Amateur

of the county to bold the po•t and under

bia care the Observatory 1a progressing

manner'!

native

Dr •

ou nt

the nrat

'.l'he present l)trector,

ag h

Telescope".

and tbe author of

ag h

a we11...kJlownlens maker

lie was

whose death in 1936 caused deep sorrow looall.y.

Uve to take up

might never have been accompl1abed,

ot troops

which the disembarkment

wi tbout

Gallipoli, there

1918 1n COilllection with the working out of tides

eu m

us eu m

...,

significance

Patrick

in bis

Armagh 1n p~

st.

days no doubt 1n.tlu.eneed

Christian

fhe tradi t1onal

tor

began preparations .

tor . the

he reached Al.'rna,gh

He soon secured sites

churches and imlaediatel.J

in hi•

According to the annals

in the year l+1t1t A.D.

b)"

the end ot the latter

us eu m

but

centuriH

and nventb

in tbe 81.xth

growth was gradual

ou nt

ag h

Cultural

ag h m

waa openecl.

us eu m

ot tbe young people ot the area, and so about the year lt;o the fil'St scbool ot the new regime instruction

ou nt y

bf Prince Aldfrid

Ar m

flf'.fffd

the

greati,-

•ohool• and churchs

and :l.t•

an env.labl•

the ninth and tenth centunea

Ar m

city

succeed3ng oentuzi, Anlagb had acquired

B.rtbe

for a period a pupil in one ot 1.ta schools Du:r:l.llg

been

to atwi,

1n the ._.

longer c•e

roreign

•tud.ern• tbat t-,

booka and ao alU'llled

an4 tbeir

of the ecbolaat1c

Ar m

enabUabl-1:•

:ln tbe de1truo'1.on

l'esulted

incunione

througb tbe raid• ot the Jlor.. ea, whoN repeated

ou nt

ag h

the Northumbrians saxons lillo 1.a z,eputed to hue

position.

king

nt y

later

in 68lt

Ar m

a poem written

figure taYOUrably 1n

i'he cit;J and its ~U••

nt y

Ar m

century the school ot Armagh were widel.7recogm.ze4.

mi asion.

choice of it as the place of supreme importance

In those

867, 890, 919

centu:r1ea Armagh was plundered

946.

and

those tragic

penmanship to surrtve

Armagh,

specimen of

da:,1 is the so-called

oompUed in one ot the monastic houses ot

Book

'.l.'heonly local

1n 830,

eu m

nuabera.

us eu m

ou nt

Cen'1lriea later

Bell one ot two

both linked tor

us eu m

ag h

with Anaagb.

to "1ich

the Bell had a shrine

ou nt y

penonal IIOlltnto• ot the aaint,

Ar m

ffff

centurr,

celebl'ated Patrick's

p41J'1o4'belongs tb•

taou

a v:1.s1ble NJDl1Dder

1D the BU4-fifth

ar.t:nl

ag h

Patrick'•

traceable,

us eu m

the enclo81ng rings of \lhon

entrenched abOU are atill ~

and Daire, the

the atory ot the contact• betweer.i Patrick

va• carl'iad ott to Dublin b)' a toroe

h ag

publically burned 1D 1538

Ar m

Anglo Normansthere to 1:111 reb1ned UDUl. the Retcmaation 11be 1, _.

nt y

UID8lbuntil. l.119, in

ou nt

in Irel.and

knping

relio

lDiab 1.u

uatorhruat.el¥ no lo.ngn mats.

rao11ned eeol.H1as'1oal.

1Jt Ai'•

the

and r•aha.«

2!he aeoond,

wa ttut aon

ag h

Bachal Isa

nt y

1091 and. 1105

Ar m

..... w 1,

Ille J••r•

Ar m

betvea

Ar m

tor it bJ Donnell O'Lochlan king ot Ireland, during the Pl'iauJ ot Donnell MacAuley Arohbishop ~ Anagn, b., which 1Ucr1ption it can be dated. as haYinCbeen fashioned

lt is our source £or

be dated.

then Prino41 of the diatrict,

origin

certainty

that can vitb

the onlJ one indeed ot early

manuscripts

our Il'iab

the c1t7 1n th• 1ear 807, aiid one of the most precious

(.:

us eu m

. Leal'lling made steady progreH

in the tenth

centu:ry.

reference

to aucb an institution

us eu m

ou nt

or Armagh

us eu m

ou nt y

ou nt

a,Arfr&aab,thu Ar

,._ bad not l'tudied

on tHoloa

Ar m

l•etve

p4tl'ac,a

that ae

4nr•4

at an •oclea:laatioal Synod lbov.1.4 N , .. 1tted to teeth or publioI7

116.a 1'Ii ••

on the outakirta

1387Bial

ot 1:helllaDJ learned men btae.

Ar m

~tton 1lbo towa4 1n .t.nach a -i,1rttual tO'I tba

fO'I 1n

the

nt y

1ooa1 pr1nce

o•We:UJ.,~ ot Ul.atn, bldl.t a hostel

ortile ,u,

Ireland

It wu not, however,

ag h

cl•• bJ a

Ar m

aaatnance

laa

01'7.

:lD the

a king ot

Ar m

toW!'da education

grant llade by

the laft

being

the latter

:lD U'9t

nt y

lC1ng of Ireland.,

~aotion

o•Com>or, lflgb

Ar m

instance, b:, the K:1.ngot Munster in 907 a:nd Roderick

ag h

importance and were toatued by the k:1.na•ot other pro"finces besides Ulster - ro~

IUiiltained

In tho1e centuries the 1choola

aoboola.

ag h

st. MalaobJ 1D our city

and educated

Archbishops

were al80 ot local.

extraoticm

their national

Two other

st. Celaus and st. Concord,

site

bears a commemorative tablet.

1D 1095 and. died. Ult8.

ot Al'raagh,

wasborn

the trad1 tional

a famous Armachian,

ot whoff birthplace

was inspired

church

s1;.Malachy,

'Whentbe amendment ot tbe IrUh

century

ga:.1.Deda i're&h 1mpetua in tbe 12th

Eduoation

Ireland.

in any city

first

tb•

eu m

In 1020 the .Library ot Armagh 11 mentioned in tba Annal.a,

.ft.

us eu m

eu m

oonterring on the schools ot Amaeh pre-eminence over ail the other schools ot Ireland and confirming the c1t1 1n

oonquest, by wich

BJ that

1537.

us eu m

M y

ag h

tac111t1ea ••tever.

us eu m

Ar m

eventually

'bllt Dnblin

pn•.

maa.. to e1tablilh

a.equired the

at Armagh and Limerick

universities

lid

nt y

Ar m

and schools and 1n l.583 a propoaal.

QUeenMary as to the :oeees11t7 :tor a university

ou nt y

petitioned

ou nt

In lj,S Dr. George Dowdall archbishop of Armagtt,

ag h

ot monasteries

extinction

actual

was le.tt for a time without an1 educational

decree Ire1and

lhire

nt y

1n the •obool•

e.ttort• ver• aade to aet up

at DO\billg shire towns

Dunn-, Queen Elizabeth

.stul.

relp

USllCCH

li'IUrld.N

that ...

ag h

The Earl of Tyrone made a f'ul-ther et.fort iD 1;99 but

Ar m

ag m

Ar ©

......... .uun.vt••··

can• into

illp01"unt eduoational. ••tabll•bment,

ou nt

Royal School

by llbiClll -.

Ar m

couaUe•

ot Aftalb, •

nortbaa

Ar m

111tlle ftl'lou

to haYe bNn aocaapliabed in Ar1l.alh ID 1608 lend• were granted unt11 the Plantation ot Ulster .... 11114Mt apart tor "1• upuep or free schools King,James 11J •--•

Sllob schools did not surter

the dissolution

and Ir11h op1n1on on matters

became gradually

con.f'llct between &lglieb

uatil

through

impaired

uaetulnesa, bovever,

'l'bei.1'

disturbed.

little

were at firet

monastic school

rev year•

the Irilh

betOl'e the Anglo-lforman,

education.

'l'bat was but a

status.

claim to university

it•

,. us eu m

1\of the eighteenth

Lord Rokeby

the then Archbishop,

later

as adjuncts.

for a college

us eu m

i'be7 are, ho'1118Wr,

ou nt y

or the observatory

to do

us eu m

ou nt

to you to baY• little

say seft

with the bi.tol'J

o~ tlw pro'f:lnce.

ag h

Ar m

that 1.Dduoad Archbishop Robinson to supp1ement

towards the propo•al

tbe general.

ereotecl in Bel1'aat where it bas s:ll'lce become

1'bo•• event•

the tactora

wt despite

C _.

the university

us M

nt y

by William Mossop

are rare

James Archibald Hamilton

Dean

m Ar ©

ID tbe tol.lov1Dc Jear

Theheavens

Ar m

of god

aotto •

declare the glory

the lluil.&UJIIw1tb the appropriate

Ar m

and dit.tioult to proeu.re, bear• on one side the bead of the tounde and on tu o1iiln a repreNDtation or the south tront

ou nt

'l'be •edal.. a:aaple•

Ir1ah aedallil't.

nt y

wa•nruok

1789and in

a tine bronze medal

bega

the peat

Ar m

that 1nr

l'lle ereotioa or the observatory

ag h

Ar m

111aportanoe.

bJ" an Observatory and both were founded with the object ot making A.rmagbagain a plaee ot ec!uoational the Library

ag h

Armagh

tor the city,

opinion

fl'OUl

was made in 184; to obtain a

ertort

favourable

Queen's College

bad, however, to be dropped becauae ot opposition variowr sources.

bequeathed

i'he scheme

publlo

foundation having during bis 11.t'etime

and observatory

!ol.Ulded a library

agun to

at Arvtagh

its

a legacy tovuds

centu:r," brought

eu m

ot a univerlity

the question notice.

JeaH

'.l.'beclosing

us eu m

fi..

ot Cloyne and Preb endary of Mulla br ack in Armagh

an "old

papers publi shed in the Academy.

Dr. Hamilton

bad a privat e

of the Royal Irish

Tran s ac ti ons 11

sci entific

several

astronomer and the author ot

He was a skilled

Director .

eu m

ot the Royal School ot Armagh, bec ame the first

boy

us eu m

of the Al'!llagb

at the Observatory

ou nt y

nt y

later bishop of Ossory,

ag h

Armagh

ou nt

tl«>

who tollo'ld.Dg the

Catherine and Juliana Tisdale

and

vu4t

Al.'vlagh be

appo1Dbant

bi•

Ar m

At the till.a

tuUon.

to ha4 Un.ng vitb him an unmarried daughter, Jane, 1nat1

or this

Director

tbe first

To return to Dr. Hamilton

Ar m

astronomical mbJect• WH equall7 WU ~oei"Nd.

publication•

• later

nt y

bia .tame aa a mathematician

Ar m

ot tbe tounde.ra ot the Royal Irish Academy His work on Conic Sections publlabecl in 17,8, establiahed and one

Hamilton, a former Dean ot

ton ot Hugh

His period

g diary apt bJ .Alexander Hamilton

Ar m

that about

histo17 point ot view by an

is covered from the aocial

interestin

director

died in l.815.

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

the first

ot the city [Castle Dillon]

ot Sir Thomas

statue

observatory

that the dom:elllte structure vaa in fact that buil.dillg.

Dr. Hamilton,

observ atory

here on the outskirts

ag h

with having had a private

a centlll7 ago bouaed Roubillac's Molyneux, Dart.,

us eu m

estate

and it ia believed

by tradition

on the anceatral

credited

you to know that Samuel Molyneux

it m.ay in terest

obse r vatory at Derryloran as early as 1780 and in passi ng

us eu m

ot the large dome

1793 were allowed the use

their

friends.

eu m

or it at times \,herein to entertain

out

of that favour grew the naming of that partiaular

the reason given being that it

nt y

was the Rev.

l>.D., Senior Fellow ot Trinity,

1110

Ar m

his breeches.

Hamilton's s succe.ssor in the Directorsbip

nt y

and in the second ton

William Davenport,

trom

but Hamilton found the f'irst

ag h

attempt difficult

us that Lord Caulfeild

Ar m

got over immediately

they were forced to

ou nt y

tells

The diary

Ar m

practice

that

us eu m

waY home .found the lodge

gates locked with the resul.t climb them.

to pass the evGIUng

ou nt

ag h

and on their

and Alexand er

Lord Caulfeild

Hamilton bad been up to the Observatory with the ladies

amusing incident

ot 1798.

us eu m

A rather

to her bow.

in the diary

to Jane Hamilton - but she had

attentions

ourselv es

was then very

Lord Caulfeild

ag h

occurs

and in

many

ou nt

of all the directors.

Under his

wa11 the 1101t versatile

Ar m

Robinson D.I>., a rormer Fellow ot 'rl'inity,

died in 1823 and was 1Ucceeded by the Rev. Thomas Romney

Ar m

care the obersvatory was enlarged in 1827 b)' the building

ot 110111• extra rooaa• and a second dollle, a wo?'kmade poasible

1n his

of heaven perhaps

to 'What we might think

ciroumstanoes..

strings

other

conception

but not so very di fferent

constant

A selfish

wished to meet.

in similar

was a pleasant

they met only those 'Whomthey loved and

wherein

place

dome as

heaven

ra.1a:tng

us eu m

)..ct-

or archbishop

Beresford

Lord John George

eu m

tbrough the generosity

In 18Sl Dr. Robinson was elected Academy.

having

hel.d

of' the Observatory tor over 5'8 rears.

the Direotorahip

in 1881 after

He died

of the

Royal Irish

Pre•ident

His SllCCeasor was Dr. Hardcastle,

a ver7

William Hershcell.

ou nt

ag h

br1111ant aan and the great.;.grandson ot the famous Sil'

us eu m

astronomer, 11boresigned during the 1914-

ag h

1918 war.

.z. Dreyer ,

Robinson was succeeded by Dr. John L•

diatinguisbed

was the

us eu m

Doctor• s second 1d.te.

He did good service cmJ"ing the wer

ou nt y

nt y

He hu

ObaervatorJ

Ar m tbi•

11Dde bis 41:notoHb1p

ou nt

observatory

apaimoe

of'

ba4 pru'1eal

ot Queen's University in American and African

tbe ooun'7 and a pad:wlte

1a a natin

Ar m

Dr E M Lindsay

director

know lens maker and the author o~ "1.'he Amateur telescope

tbe preNDI

nt y

He was a well-

Ar m

1n 193' cauM4 d.ffP 8C>r:row locall.7.

1D auceeasion was Canon w.E.A. Ellison vbose

dntb

up dut7 at Afta«h.

!be n.a

ot troops

bave been accompll lhed, but did not llfl

'° '8a

llh1cb tbe disanbarkment

ag h

lld.gbt neflr

there

without

at gallipoli

Ar m

ot 19llt-l918 in connection with the world.1:lgout of' t1dea

Ar m

step-sister

was 1'rom Ume to time a guest - ha

In his tezm of o:f'tice, Maria Edgeworth, the authoress,

us eu m

,9.

1s progressing

in no uncertain mamier.

eu m

be cannot be with ua this afternoon

Unfortunately

but ware

lucicy 1D

M ©

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

us M y

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

m eu

M y

nt ou C

ag h ©

Ar m

y nt

ou C

ag h m ©

nt ou C h

-1.~-f: (' ~~

having Dr. Op1k and Dr.. Armstrong to take care ot u••

us eu m Dunsink

H ■•tlnr

ot marb Astronomical Society

B•ed at•

and contrasts

eu m

affinities

Armagh

Like the rounder of Armagh

House a mansion still

ill

tor which it was constructed.

Ar m

pUl'poH

ou nt y

assuming o.f'.t'ice was to

build the present Provost's use tor the

the

so one ot his

after

to reel

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

residence,

of a suitable

immediate undertakings

in life

aware or his poaition

sufficiently

necessity

Observatory, the Provost was a wealthy man and

Andrews

born 1n

a,q he ••

Solle authorities

ou nt

or Alexander

and hdr

state.

10D

Andrews ••

original.

almost their

Ar m

ill

tbe llbole tb91 r•ain the

nt y

al.terat1ona made to thelll but on

had ao1ae •llsht

Ar m

comH,

Both dwllJ.ngs haYe 1 of

su.cceasors ill ottice.

in 1770, the home since then o~ all

hi•

palace

Ar m

domicile ill Armaghcit7 and aa a conaequence erected the pHHDt

about the ol.d uch1ep1acopal

way

ag h

Ar m

eJCactlJ the same

nt y

11eed not remind you that Archbishop Robinson .felt

and

with £,2$0 per year to wards

ag h

the cost of staffing.

furnishing of an observatory

ror the erection

sum ot £3,000 to the university

'llilo bequeathed a

ot Francis Andrews, provost ot Trinity

us eu m

The story of Dunsink begins with the death in 177'+

us eu m

q. Educated at the Free Grammar School or that

city , he entered Trinity

eu m

1n 1733, aged 15, became B.A.

174,,

17"!'1, M.A. 171+0, Fellow 17lt0, LL.B. 17lt3, LL.D.

Bar in 1746 and served as M.P.

'ltho also di•approved

nt y

to then 'lllb.oha4

ou nt

h tlw oni,

maDaged 'to obtain

House of Commons8114, 1Dotdaul.qt

m Ar ©

,ap

He vu

a .. , 11a ••

to Francis Andrews

provost of trinity

of Armagh

Ar m

w rehn

Bat

J>..D., Archbishop

1896-1911.

Forkhill House Oo. Armagb,

Ar m

Alexander

ia ncoeald.on B1lbop or

Dom, and t.S.nall7 or Meath

Alexanders

or William

of .l~

ot Killaloe

anee1tor of the an4

ag h

Clonfert

Alexander wa.apresentor

1802, wa late

fl'Cll 1196 until

lhoN nephew

Nathaniel

Ar m

tbe Bff.

Ar m

Alexandar, aubaequent~ Earl of Caledon

l7'llt,

upon James

dnol.ved

Ar m

vi1ob 14"11"the repre•entaUon

bom l.741 until

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

noted tor his w1«a classical

He sat tor Derry in Parliament

us eu m

quickly amended by a

Mm from tald.l!lg Holy Orders

UBllpting

u a •chol.ar he vaa chiefiy

knowledge.

to the

ou nt y

a disab1Uty

ag h

college statutes, King• a Letter

the tact that he was a layman, 'Which waa contrary

resented

by b1S seni ors 1n the university

Trini ty 1n

was strongly

fellow

a junior

1758, whilst still

to the [rovostship

Bis elevation

for Midle ton 1758.

was called to the Irish

Derry

us eu m

of the Provostship

holder

councillorship Tradition

him with being a :nan of taste

credits

fond of good oompany, and good living, of the arts as well as the fair

sex to

keen appreoiation

and

with a

fashion,

to be advanced to a Privy

eu m

first

he willed

were fitter

thl',1

but his

House

18 the Provost's

ou nt

Ar m

h ag m

of Trinity

of Armagh (1562-15'6'7)

Provost

archbishop

enough, contain

Ar m

and primal

ot Adam Loftus

curioualy

tenure

portraits

Both houaes,

Primacy

nt y

storey added

bad an extra

haVing

due to new ceilings

about 18;6, during Lord John George Beresford the

however, muab

when the palace

been neoesnry

former ia,

'l'his ta&Y be partly

to the Palace

or the

Ar m

S'!lperior.

The 1ntel'1or

at Armagh.

ag h

dign1:t."ied, a te1'lJ1 that may also be applied

Ar m

The ProYostts House can beat be described

being a Dubl.1n man

nt y

named Smyth

ou nt y

and Cork, the architect

Ar m

ot Burlington

commenced about l76o and based on a design by the Earl

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

great est monument architecturally

of the

and part of Parli ament Square vas built,

college

During bis te:rm as Provost the west front

us eu m

room than his library.

ag h

ornaments for her dressing

h:ts fine

of Richhill

of coloured printsts stating

collection

Richardson

Mrs. William

one ot whom, the famous beauty Dorothy Monroe, later

us eu m

\ (j Despite the dissatisfaction

the most popular

He was certainly

and -..hen he died

the scheme

us eu m or the

and not unt11 late

ot an English architect

us M

nt y

ou nt

!h!.a vaa not

a diredor.

and appointing

Ar m

:rou4er vho wa1 also l'Hpozud.'bl.e tor .tinding

arGhiteot

was decided

11t1

lD Amacb the 11te tor the observatory

at Dunsink

1n that year.

Ar m

baN<l on observations

as1a.tmal

clear that it was .tunct1on-

1ng by 1788,

i■

A.t 8111rate it

U:poa~ it•

it seems to have

Ar m

bMD 1785.

wa1 d.iatribo.ted

nt y

as to the year 1n lil1oh the -work was

but on the evidence available

tiniahed,

out 'WOrkat

dirrer

Autbol'iti••

'Whoseems

Sir William Chambers diN<ttiona.

ag h

undu

Ar m

Trinity

about 1782 to carry

to have come to Ireland

10n

ou nt y

ultimate bu11.der,

placed with Mr. Graham Myers, the

Ar m

1782 was the contract

us eu m

ou nt

considerably

ag h

so in reality

conclusion.

College

held up the totmdation

'l'he Yal'ious lawsuits

College observatory

Trinity

to a satisfactory

ag h

was carried

augmented the bequest

but the Board

reduced;

ror the proposed observ atory

generously

his will was dis puted w.tth the

that the sum total

was somnhat

was very

the proVinces

Untortunately

generally.

outstanding

1774 there

1n Dublin and throughout

real. regret

result

one of its

Trinity

social. successes

that

flVer poasesaed.

Provost

eu m

Andrews was perhaps

following his appointmeot

us eu m

2,o.

possible

set of

in Dunsink o'ld.ng to a different

the selec tion of a site

eu m

eirell!llstanc es, consequently first

director.

He belo nged to a fami ly

and was its

to the Rev. Henry Ussher 'Who chose Dunsink

was left

in Al".llagh

to parishes

that gave a number of rectors

us eu m

us M

estate

ou nt

Ar m

with

also associated

Samuel VlOt dying in 1692, lef't two

and

and correspondent

A friend

or 11ilomlater.

papers,

and varioua astronomical

Ar m

stated"

sons, William, the author or The Case for

Thomas

nt y

King of' Arms, eame

Arl!laghthrough the ptll"chase or Castle Dillon brilliant

Daniel Molyneux Ulster

ot another family in that city her brother

links

w1te, Alice Molyneux,

Ar m

ag h

'l'he Usshers had strong

and the Archbishop's

daughter

to frame a true

nt y

Ar m

with Dublin

ou nt y

Ar m

astronomi cal calendar.

an Ephem81'1S

said to have been the

attempt in these countries

Ireland

us eu m

krlown

better

on the Solar Year, to -tlich

for the "1ole year was annexed,

other

achievements, published in 1648 an erudite

dissertation

first

one of the greate st

ou nt

age w::i.o,besides

literary

or his

ot Armagh 1625-1656),

ag h

scholars

and of James Ussher

ag h

bishop of Armagh 1596-1613; (Archbishop

of Ar.nagh

of' Henry Ussber (Arch-

for the Borough;

Parliament

Sovereign

of James I in 1613 and Member

first

Ussher,

under the Charter

or Marcus

kinsman

Diocese in the 17th and 18th centuri es and was a

us eu m

'2.L Flamsteed,

the Astronomer Royal, he was father

Molyneux the founder or

University,

who died without

eu m

Kew

of samuel

Academy (of 'Which

of the proposed

Ussher was a personal

friend

of Dr.

increased

his

m Ar ©

ou nt

and

He was a young man when he came to Dunsink

Ar m

1nOOllle..

took Holy Orders and thus

so Brinkley

such posts with church preferment

then was to supplcent

Tbe custom

Maskelyne, tbe .&lglish Astronomer Beyal.

a nominee of

by John Brinkley

Ussher was succeeded

the 3o1nt title.

were issued authorizing

Those tw

1791 when Lettaa

until

Ar m

Patent

were not conferred

Ar m

distinctions

Astronomy or Astronomer Royal for Ireland.

but he was nev-er Andrews Professor

ag h

were much appreciated,

Ussher• s services

nt y

at Amagh Observatory.

Ar m

began duties

Hamilton and died in 1790, the year in which Hamilton

Ar m

however, built.

were not,

ou nt y

- a main block with w.1.ngs- the latter

us eu m

by drawings

ou nt

ag h

compiled by

should have been a contribution

him in 1787, embellished building

paper print ed

Earl of Charlemont was than

the Volunteer

President)

the earliest

that

of the Royal Irish

ag h

institution

planned Dunsink

in the Transactions

as we lmow Ussher himself

and it is of interest

C h

So far

scul.ptures

Armagh Cathedral.

'Whose

nt y

is one or the finest

by Roubill1ac

statue

two years later)

a baronet

uncle Thomas (created

us eu m

issue in 1728, lli'lereupon Castle Dillon passed to his

us eu m

2:z . the Observa tory was very short of equipment so he conf ined r esults.

Law and was made Bish op of Cloyne in 1826 ,

Ecclesiastical

in which he achieved

Later he became an authority

valuable

research

eu m

himself to mathematical

in hel ping lame

us eu m

Robinson , for instance , was

M M C

Ar m

d~ e a.

ot hia pr edeceaaor

Hamilton had the whole-hearted assistance

whom th e

ou nt

reara, upon

hastened to bestow a well-merited

Willi am

RowanHamilton, than aged twenty-one

Ar m

sueceasor waa the celebrated

nt y

Brinkley•s

nt y

made an

A.l'magbwas

ot colll'se, waa onl,J a matter ot for a term ot some month,.

ar ehbi•bo p but that,

university

Hamilton ot

Ar m

acqui re a biahopric.

1n St.

Astronomer Royal to

ag h

was the only Irish

ou nt y

Dublin.

Ar m

Patric k' s Cathedral,

and a corre spondi ng dignity

Ar m

Armagh and Clogher Brinkley

his death ,

'Which he held until

o£ a canonr y of the United Diocese ot

'With the addition

and

the Pr ecento rship and Rect or ship for the

Vicarage ot Carrickmacross

pro~

Tw years later

ou nt

resigned

ag h

'Whenbe became astron omer at Armagh .

1n 1823

ag h

Precen t or of Clogher and Rect or ot Enniskillen

us eu m

over stiles;

astronomer

him comforta bl.y prov id ed for .

left

Clogher inde ed seems to have spe cialized

Diocese from 1806 'Which, with

other pi ckings,

or Elphin

and a Prebend

at which time he had been Archdeacon of Clogher from 1808,

us eu m

23. and or Robinson or Armagh. practical

part of his dut ies, training

especially

in the

partl y due no doubt,

in instrumental

want or previous

work;

successful

or Astronomy

eu m

he was not particularly

As Professor

and techni cal that

has yet produced and it

Ireland

but he was one or the fine st mathematician was to that

study that

us eu m

him for a peri od.

to his

she left

us eu m

sal ary frOlll £2;0 to £5'80 and banning

the

and

Ar m

Charles Thompson a very competent under stu dy.

Dr.

nt y

most of i t to his sisters

Ar m

and so entrusted

We are told that he di8lik ed observational

his

pupils. wrk

by the Coll ege Board who compromised by

ou nt y

raising

to augment bi s income, a method much

ag h

disapproved

tutor

ou nt

as a private

ag h

He did not enter Holy Order s so was oblige d to act

or the

1864 and

same

Ar m

Dr. Robinson was equally lucey 1n his second

vi te, Lucy Jane Edgeworth daught•:r of the renowned

presmtl.7.

stock as Arthur Alcock Rambaut, sometime Andr ews Professor of Astron01117and Irish Astronomer Royal, or whom

ou nt

Ar m

Astronomer 1864-1868 -

af t er wards Assistant

at Armagh from. 1810 until

Rambaut,

Ar m

asa1 ■tant

w. H.

nt y

wife was a Miss Eli Elizabeth

Rambaut, member of a family that produced private

His first

aid at Armagh.

ag h

Robinson, you may also remember, was not averse to female

on his honeymoon was such a wrry

'Wife that

the subject

he devoted most of his time - i ndeed his absorption

us eu m

eu m

On the other

•

hand

help and many duties sight

began to fail.

They were each fond of

some months later and

very

He waa, of course,

betwen.

halt-way

Ar m

fl'Olll pos1 tions

observing rockets fired from the two observatories

ou nt

were verified

in time between the tw

1'he findings

were

to measure the difference

chronometers

than fifteen

the

of Dunsink

of the establishments

Ar m

places.

to discover

positions

and Armagh and no leas

required

was determined

exact geographical

time it

Ar m

At that

ot 1838.

drama

Hamilton was the chief actor in an astronomical

nt y

at Dunsink

ag h

Ar m

as at Armagh.

such

nt y

as warmly appreciated

was just

and Maria Edgeworth amongst other

society

notabilities

case

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

a more mature development.

craze with Robinson but in Hamilton's

was an early

literary

ou nt

Both Robinson and Hamilton dabbled in poet ry.

us eu m

devolved upon her lrben Dr. Robinson's

ag h

in the astronomar

proved an efficient

Mrs. Butler

- she "loved astronomy only

as impersonated

Mrs. Robinson and Mrs.

educated but the former was less

in the observatory

interested

were both highly

Butler

took up

Dean of Trim,

her abode at the Observatory.

her sister

Butler,

still

widow or Richard

she

the famous novelist,

was from time to time a guest and later Harriett,

After

Edgeworth

at Armagh her stepsister,

settled

Richard Lovell

us eu m

educationalist,

in a later

incident

at Ar:nagh Observatory

conce r ned ·1n the accidenta l dest r uction micr ometer of ext r eme tenuity

words Hamilton

gene ro us

lllOSt

pr ela t e , Archbiabop Lord John George Beresford,

us eu m

at Armagh where

ou nt y

S11pport or that

Robin son had the active

as he

ag h

in much the same condition

1'hings worked out differently

Ar m

us eu m

In other

ou nt

other than repai r s had been

made to those ordered by Us sher .

time no new instruments

ag h

had been pr ocur ed and li ttle

found it .

He had been in charge for

al:nost for ty ye ars but in that

le.ft the Observatory

at Dtmsink

was somewhat out of date.

was

When Hamilton died in 1865 the apparatus

of Dr.

the only one of 1 ts kind that

ever put toge t her.

and possibly

Robinson's

of a

made from

wire sp ecia lly trea t ed, a pet invention

platinum

and

'Who between

most delicate

eu m

personall.y

nt y

ou nt

Ar m

study.

at the Arm Arbor

bis training

Hamilton was auCCNded at Dunsink by Francis Brunnow

a german vbo recei-..4

us M

as ghosts - but that

tor separate

ot phenoaa.aamust be left

roll,

at Dunsink. and Armagh are

reputed to haunt the tw 1n•t1tu.tions kind

on that

that 1s the second directora

and

immediate predecessors

str ang•l.7 enough their

in sequence

respecti.Ye observatories

Ar m

ot their

.fittings.

eaob third

Ar m

Robinson and Hamilton wre

the directora

nt y

astronomical

new wing and necessary

ag h

1827 and 1862 expended al.Jllost £2,Soo on the provision or a

Ar m

us eu m

un!ortooate

us eu m

•• 1n Michig an , f rom whence he even t ua lly

Ha was, however , persuade d

eu m

withdrew to his homeland.

to accept Dunsink and 1n the nineteen

- Willi am Rowan

Ball belonged to a Devon

ag h

Ball - the

Stawell

of the office

holder

by Robert

Hamilton being the first.

and descendants

said to haft

nt y

Ar m

1n Armagh, Louth and Kilkenny.

obtaining

ag h

with the Cromwellian army, later

Ar m

reached Ireland

a ~ptain

and

demand as a lecturer

1n Fleetwods Horse

ot Thomas Ball,

wa•much in

Co. Armagh, lbo were ot Norfolk extraction

Ball ot Dundalk

us eu m

of Ballsmill,

nt y

in any way to the Balls

Ar m

hoWTe:r, related

He was not,

at Youghal, Co. Cork.

ou nt y

himselt

ag h

established

in the army ot Charles II and

a• an officer

Ireland

ou nt

and was descended from a Robert Ball who came to

family

landa

was

us eu m

BrUnow vu followed

second Dublin-born

size.

tor its

well-equipped

definitely

subject

e:xponenta ot that

or three gr .. te•t :Bri tilb b11 s• erattoa.

1n llhiob be ranked aa one ot the two

ou nt

C wrk

be baaed on his

Ar m

a mathematician

rather

t herefore,

His

tra1n1ng.

llWlt,

Ar m

lacked the advantage• of professional reputation

was the author ot many popul.ar works on aatronomy but he

his post thr ough

in 1874, at whioh time the obse rv atory

ill-health

He relinquished

use or them.

bu.t made

new instruments

charge he not only installed

excellent

years he was in

ObHrvatory

us eu m

2.1. he spent tw years at Parsonstown [Birr}

After le avi ng Trinity

Lord Rosse

eu m

to Lord Rosse ' s younger sons.

to'Wl'las tutor

or Robinson ot Armagh and died in 1867,

was a friend

and

the f'illances of Armagh

to which bis f athe-r had presented a dUplicate of a Government

at Arm.agh.

ot Ast r onomy and

us eu m

ag h

Ball. took over as Andrews Professor

ou nt

observations

ag h

induced the Royal Society to div ert portion gr ant towards printing

us eu m

ou nt y

sons, Robert Steele

Ria t-wo elder

Ball (l.ater

Ball and Willi am Valentine

Ar m

Dunsink was a pla ce ot much hos pitality.

Astronome r Royal in 18'7lt and durin g hi • period or res iden ce

nt y

created a baronet 1n

ou nt

C a. s.

was

youngest brother

Sir Bent

and Regius

Ar m

at Trinityt)'

nnc

became a

daughter

surgery

Ball, the aatronomer.

l9U.

Honorary Surgeon to the

Ar m

coulin Nina Ball,

professor

theii-

Sir Bent Ball,

Ar m

and manied

Is aac James Murphy ot Armagh, 'Whotook up lav,

son

Oliver Murphy

where they had aa a schoolteilow, barrister

at the Royal school ot Armagh,

were both pupils

ag h

Ar m

f ather)

nt y

Sir Valent in e Ball and author ot a biography ot his

support ers

in 1843 for use in the east dome, and in 1850

mirror

or a motion des i gned t o assist Observatory,

or the

Church Act was one

a clause in the Irish

and 1n 1869 in a deba t e in the House of Lords on

estates,

whereupon his son, Laure nce , inh eri ted the title

us eu m

~Ball alliance

There \ias a further

in 1903 \.hen Mary Agnetta Ball,

eu m

Co. Armagh.

D.L., or The Glen

1883 Ball ' s eyesight was beginning to trouble

ot b1s services

of Astronomy· there,

he moved to

Six years later

Cambridge to take over Pr ofessorship

thus causing the pr omot ion ot his assistant

ag h

us eu m

in 1886 he was knighted in re cognition science and education .

him.

Sir

men of his day, son ot

one or the most brilliant

Henry Barcroft,

the youngest daughter

:narr ied Joseph Barcrof t ( af terwards

the astronomer, Joseph),

County Ar.:nagh

w1th

Arthur Alcock

ou nt

Rambaut, a very ta lent ed old boy ot the Royal School ot

Arter

ou nt y

us eu m

unfort unatel y, was ot short dur at ion .

holding the post tor five years he t ran sf er re d to Radclif fe

nt y

Fello w ot

'1'he nut

occupan t was Edmund Taylor

_one o~ the

Whittaker,

Ar m

nt y

took over Dunsink 1n 1897 and died there in 19()6.

Tnnity,

a diatinguiabecl

ag h

Charles Jasp er Joly

Ar m

1923.

Ball died 1n 1913 and Rambaut 1n

Observatory at Oxford.

Ar m

His reign,

ag h

Armagh who then be came the 1ixth guard i an of Dunsink .

ag m

Ar ©

Ar m

Tft'Y

live peraonaUty and auch 11ore of He wat an astronomer than arr, ot bit eight F.S.MHora . 'b• 10n ot tbe 881lior asliatant at Oxt'Ol'dand had been

Crozier Plummer a

ou nt

1111 au.cc.Hor ill 1912 vaa Henry

Ar m

post tor six year,.

great math ematician-a ot the present oentul'J 1'lo held the

us eu m

there.

Up0n his arrival

obtain better

equ1p~ent but was very dis appointed

lack of support in his efforts

at Woolwich,

ha gave up

post

\Jlich

at Oxford f'our years- later.

were

In the

end.

At the date of Plummer' s reti rement conditions

us eu m

ou nt

in Septamber or that 7ear.

Armagh

waa dated from

Ar m

ot wich

a biography

observatory

E1ght 1ear1 later , in 1890, he published the pretaee

h ag

Ar m

succeed Dr. Robinson. ot Tycho Brahe

John Louis Dreyer ..mo had

there tor tolll' years callle north

then been an assistant

wa1 in 1882 when

Armagh w.l.tb a

Ar m

Dunsink supplied

ag h

elllinent ast ronomert installed.

dire ctor, that

nt y

ot the Dublin

Studies and Dr. H. A. Bruck

Once in 1ts history

or Cosmic Physics

Ar m

or Advanced

Dunsink was

Ast ron omer Royal

handed over to the School Institute

the r esign ation

ou nt y

Irish

Plummer tbe last

Ar m

In 19lt-7, t wenty-si x years after

us eu m

date the obs erv at ory yearly grew more derelict.

his death in 1936, from v.bich

ou nt

ag h

servi ces going until

l apsed but Charles remained and kept

Martin , the assistant astronomer certain

'l.'he Directorship

ag h

much decreased .

very un se tt l ed in the south and the observ atory' s income

He resi gned in 1921 to

take up a :nathetnatical

the of fi ce he was the autb or

papers.

of many as tronomical

in 1940 and died

t owards that

nine years that he re tained

at Dunsi nk he tried

eu m

trained

us eu m

Dreyer \/ho was the t hird son of Lieut . Gener al as

eu m

J . c . F. Dreyer of th e Danish Army came to Ireland

natur alization Apart from his

residen t at Ar magh .

in 1885, whilst

He took out British

r ea ched Dunsin k .

astronomer to the Earl of Rosse in 1874, and in 1878

similar

monograph on Tycho Brahe he also engaged in other

For inst ance , he was a me ber of a committee

stu dies .

us eu m

on nebulae.

manuscripts

same tim e be wa1 busy on Tycho Brahe for .bich

ag h

At the

Ar m

recordings

nt y

might r evise Herschel's

connected with them so that Dreyer

and ot her miscellanea

Ar m

observ ation books

original

deposi ted at Armagh Herschel's

The Royal Soci ety also

memoranda.

ou nt y

ag h

mass ot

ld th a great

entr ust ed by the Herschel family

us eu m

ou nt

on for \\hi ch purpo se he was

b1ograpb1cal introducti aut obi ograp hical

ag h

Sir Willi am Herschel and acce pt ed the task of writing

of tb e col le ct ed works ot

Soci et y to prep are an edition

organ i zed by t he Royal Socie ty and the Royal As trono mical

He was succeeded at Armaghby Dr. J. A. Hardcastle,

C but

ag We have

1D eacb regard11lc t1.Jlanctt and requiaitH.

ou nt

ag •teadily.

not dealt in d.tail

lean times

Wehave with the story ot the constant worl')'

both are now progressing

fortunatel.J

Armagh, haa had its

Ar m

Dunsink like

great

the discoverer ot the pJ.anet Uranus

Ar m

or Herchel

grandson

nt y

Ar m

from the Royal Library at Copenhagen had been sent acroH .

to a slight

founder and directors,

to two very eligible

bachelors.

or architect,

or director.

to conserve

ou nt

are credited

said to

I have not seen the

nt y

tells

ghost - it baa

anit bloo cl-curdllng

croana or carry it• head 1n 1ta arms - it walks instead

ou nt

Ar m

'lra.di tion

it ha• always bffll a qui.•t kind

never been known to claak ohaina,

caleulations

time 1.

Ar m

can be !llade to appear at stated ws that

11' b1 mathematical

attr action especially

it may prove an additional

1S built

around when

Ar m

the planetarium

ia still

If th• spirit

experience .

particular

ag h

Armagh ghost nor do I know of any person 11ilohas had that

nt y

Ar m

Personally

with a ghost and in ea ell case the reputed spirit be the second astronomer.

us eu m

ou nt y

of each observatory

Both observatories

were in Holy Orders.

Ar m

astronomer.

and second directors

'.l.'hefirst

the primary

ag h

completed and appointing

seeing his observatory

and the site,

the architect

At anyrate he had the satisfaction

ag h

selecting

bishop Robinson had perhaps leas necessity

his wealth.

Arch-

choice

of seei ng his

nor had he any part 1n the selectio n

of a location,

built

Andrews,

us eu m

however, did not have the pleasure observatory

owe

origin

references

fact that both observatories

It is a curious their

with occasional

Armagh.

s-,.1rvey of Dunsink

eu m

its

confined ourselves

instead

us eu m

fashion.

effusions

ag h

ou nt

Trinity.

at each place

were of foreign

of directors

is a blank from 1921 to

list

Its

Armagh.

Dunsink does not, however, possess the continuity

nt y

Ar m

1835 and Rober t Stawell Ball 1n 1886.

had

upon them - William RowanHamilton in

ag h

that honour thrust

have so far achieved

but two of Dunsink 1 s superintendents

Ar m

None of Armagh's directors

nt y

Ar m

Dreyer at Annagh.

knighthoods,

ou nt y

a German and a Dane - Brunow at Dunsink and

parenta ge~

found that out

directors

The fourth

Robinson evidently

before he entered

hti ha.4 better

1:1i,.i;c..Q re!cre

for he ceased to write poetic

ag h

for himself

to science.

likelihood

us eu m

there was little

of his :naking good in poetr;y

stick

Wordsworth is credited

us eu m

as poets.

with persua ding Hamilton that

to have

on fire

set the wrld

were likely

to verse but neither

both addicted

at Dunsink and Armagh were

astronomers

third

The

behaves in a

agreeable

similar

Iain told,

to talk

eu m

The Dunsink ghost,

to anybody .

ou nt

which we ma)' well be pr oud.

:t'unctioning in Ireland,

a distinction

Armagh was indeed

in those year• the only observatory

here.

Ar m

There is no such gap in the roll

Ar m

19~7, in which year it passed into new governorship.

gazing at the heavens and refusing

sober attire

us eu m

33 . years since its

In the one hundred and sixty-six

eu m

f oundation Dtms ink has had a total

directors.

for one hundred and sixty-

Armagh has been in existence

or eleven

after

The

longer.

directors

were supplied

with Qhurch living•

Ellison,

father

and bis wndertul

m Ar

bit

1111r--ber

aatronomioal stud.in in the ancient

Ar m

aometimH recall•

or Dunsink - the teaond old boy of Armagh

Royal School to bold the _important post - 'lllo I am sure

jut o:1-,.

ou nt

or M•l"f1Jl Archdall

B.D., tathff

William Frederick Archdall

Ar m

now Director

M.A.,

Dr.

"10 died lotb Novebel", 1917, and waa

followed 1n .1918 bJ th• Rn.

Ellison

by a l.a}iman,

J. A. Hardcastle,

Ar m

in 1916 he wa1 replaced

his resignation

ag h

1882, 1n v:iich year Dr. Dreyer became Director.

nt y

d011111until

Ar m

but at Armagh· the custolB remained and 1 ta

Hamilton,

was broken by William Rowan

nt y

Ar m

At Dunsink the prac tice

ou nt y

pr evailed in Annagh and continued

same conditions

us eu m

or life.

ag h

us eu m

the astronomership

the necessaries

would not have f'urnUhed

was an

as sistance

ou nt

Such clerical

in those day"s, other'win

essential

ag h

years.

took Holy Orders immediately

of the office

his nomination.

years;

is thirty-six

was a parson and the second

director

Dunsink ' s first

being appointed.

is fifty-nine

effort

Armagh' s best

holder

after

re cord for a director

Dunsink's

shortly

or -whomdied

one

one years and in that period has had onl.y seven directo rs,

us eu m

eu m

as all old members of this

know, was given charge

Afterwards he was

'lo'Gre

and

nt y

aware ot the history

ot the

seat ot le arnin g and also ac quaint ed with

as an early

Baron Rokeby ot Armagh, fully

to the peer age aa

Ar m

In 1777 the Archbishop was riased city

step towar ds

ag h

Ar m

years previ ous to Andrews death - the first

three

endowed a jus t ly celebr at ed Library in 1771, just the proposed uni versity.

and

as he built

circles,

nt y

Ar m

st atus in Armagh had

of university

by then beoome know in Trinity

us eu m

We may assume that the Archbishop ' s

ou nt y

for the revival

ou nt

plans

ag h

occasions.

official

ag h

of Trinity

and the Pr ovost

Robinson

us eu m

the two observatories.

contemporarie s and must frequen tly have met on social

consid era t ion,

Upon further

of universities

Ar m

at Armagh and Limerick.

pr oposals had been made to r t he foundation

Ar m

the fact that in 1"83, in the reign ot Elizabet h the Flrst,

however, i t was decided that Dublin was a more convenient

of the founders

Archbishop

for a f'ew moments on

to again digress

I would like

and otherwise.

frien ds, clerical

the subject

sat is facti on to his ~any

token of regard that gave great

honoured with a Pre bendship or Armagh Cathedral,

on coming to Armagh.

of the Parish

ou nt

Society will Kildarton

Mr. Ellison,

interesting

subjects

and abstrus1ve

for ~ak:1.ngdifficult

gift

us eu m

and thus Trinity

came into being in 1$92.

Limerick seems to have accepted the decision

eu m

cropped up again in 1787 when

in Ar.nagh the subject

Baron Bolton 1797), the then Chief

to the founding of a second

The only opposition

paased except-

arose fl"om Trinity

in Ar21agbwas likely

to deprive Dublin of students

Northern counties.

Evidently

such an institution

us eu m

Trinity

that

ou nt

whether so-:neot the huge areas of land in Ulster

ag h

fr01'l!

bad doubts about

ag h

that

believed

ou nt y

bad been granted in the reign of James I towards its

Ar m

some 22,000 acres .

Armagh alone SUpplying

nt y

within that Province,

lishment

Ar m

upkeep might not be di verted to some extent to an estab-

was

death in l79lt: i t was f ound that his 'Will

Ar m

Rokeby

to r e- r ai se the matter , f or foll ow.ing Lord

intended

were waJ'llll.y

bi• 111%14 bu.t a1.. , though hia intention•

o£ the un1verai t.J in

ownlifetime , with the poHibiUty

1n his

ot course, founded the observatory

Ar m

He had,

lega cy t ~wards a College Chapel.

embodied a hand some beque1t to wards the prol ect with a

further

however , that

ou nt

is clear,

nt y

the time being.

in Orde 's r etir ement so the matt er dropped for

Ar m

resulting

ag h

A change of' Govern ment took pla ce shortl y af t erward s

the

'Whoserepresentative

university.

ing the clause relating

All the proposals

House of Commons.

Irish

scheme before

brought an educational

Thomas Orde (created Secretary

but

us eu m

situation

us eu m

block ed

supported by Lord Cornwall i s they were eventually by the Duke or Por t land,

Prime Ministel" ,

eu m

the then British

lilo refus ed to re commendthe plan to the King.

was afterwa r ds revived in 1826 by Archbishop Lord John George Bere sford but again the

&lbsequantly,

cry

us eu m

ou nt

the round er ot

ou nt y

as well.

university

ag h

Armagh Obsava t ory 1110uldhave been respons i ble for a

us eu m

Rad they materialized

ag h

plans- misca r ried.

Archbishop Robinson • s

I fe el sorry that

Pers onally

situa tion .

ideal

have been the more

Al'lllagh "WOuld i ndeed

was chosen though

1845, when QueenI s Coll ege came into bein g Belfast

Ar m

Yet another i nter es t i ng connection with Dunsink is the fact that Pr ovost Andrews mother was the sis te r of

of a very fine

bllt now dea1gnated

Ar m

as tbe Seven Sisters

group of houses known to eal".lier generations

the Seven House s -

the eldest

ot the seven

t.he

Ar m

o~ Duna1nk and the son

the neph ew of a

Provost ot Trinity,

rect or ot Tynan was a celebl'ated tounder

a t err ace that remains as a memorial of brot herly affe ct1.on besi des reminding us that

ot Armachi ans

ou nt

and the builder

nt y

Ar m

the city and vi cinity

pro per ty in

family holding a considerable

or a

Tynan, Co. Armagh, 1765-177 0,

the head

nt y

D.D., Prebendary

Averell,

ag h

an Ar!llagh cl er gyman and landowner, the Very Rev. John

Ar m

aro se .

detrim ent to Trinity

of possible

The question

us eu m

-31: or 'Ahomhad

sisters,

ancient

city whose links

a home here in this

with Ireland

of its heritage

Papworth

hensive

be, but they do illustrate

so.

M M

ou C ©

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

is as it

~at

ou nt y

C h

nt y

Armagh.

Ar m ©

Ar m

in Ireland

ou nt

with

the old

associations

1hould be and long may it continue

not as coo,. pre -

that no matter \ilere we travel

ag h

find

ag h

as they lllight

and are certainly

will

and contrasts

the two observatories

the affinities

with

in which we discussed

Brigadier

C h

They are the outcome of a talk

tor these rather tw observatories.

Ireland's

gossipy re:uarks regarding

assertion

are so

us eu m

In conclusion I must apologize

generally

as ecclesiastical

capital.

a feature

pleasing

each

eu m

Averell

us eu m

Directors

eu m

~. Rev. John Brinkley

2. Rev.

Dreyer 1882-191 6.

us eu m

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ag h ©

Ar m

l918-l9 36.

us eu m

ou nt y

1963-

Ar m

P. A. Wayman

?. Dr.

19!>8.,.1963.

.• M. A. Ellison

). H.A. Bruck 1947- 195'7•

H.C. Plummer 1912- 1921.

Ar m

ag h

~- E.T. Whitta ker 1906-1912.

1917.

6. Rev. W.F.A. Ellison 7. &.M.Lindsay 1937.

ou nt

'. Charles J . Joly 1897-1906.

Hardcastle

J.A.

l. A.R. Rambaut 1892- 1897.

Ball l87lt-l892.

ag h

3. Rev. l . R. Robinson 182 3-1882 .

Brunow 1865-1871+.

Robert bert

Francis

1815-l.823 .

~. J.~.E.

). William R. Hamilton 1826-186,.

w. Daven port

1790-1826.

l. Rev. J .A. Hamilton ton 1790-1815.

~. Rev. Henry Ussher 1785-1790 .

us eu m

CITY OF ARMAGHFIELD CLUB

1948

eu m

SATURDAY, NOV. 27,

The City of Arr.aagh Field on Saturday

had been decided

was

the

were so

periods

that

ou nt

the claim

He regretted

Viking and medieval

and

collection

that

fact.

county

Ar m

but actual

no idle

the point

nt y

Bronze,

Ar m

He stressed

as a

the Neolithic

and formed the best

in Ireland.

Early Christian,

guidance

implements

begin with the pre-historic

Iron Age Periods

boast

those who required

way to get around the collections

They covered

interest.

as to the best should

that

Ar m

He then suggested

generally,

nt y

of the Museum

of individual

ag h

Ar m

on material

the Club and its

to examine the collections

concentrate

us eu m

and it

tour,

the

might derive

the "freedom"

should be given

and pottery.

He had consulted

of a conducted

with liberty

whole,

visit

from their

gave him to

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m visitors

towns.

ou nt

from other

the

us eu m

In welcoming

with Mr. Hughes as to how the party

instead

Monaghan,

spoke of the pleasure

see so many visitors

most enjoyment

and Portadown.

Mr. Paterson

from Dublin,

by friends

ag h party,

and was a most

there

were joined

that

Members met at the County Museum at 2.30 p.m. and

venture.

Dungannon, Rostrevor

successful

the

This was organized

Hughes, the Club Secretary,

Mr. Felix

last .

outing

City"

Club had a "Seeing

us eu m

That was due to various

re pre s ented.

Under the

eu m

some of which he would deal with later. hea ding of miscellaneous

collections

he grouped

interest;

County Grand Jury material, to a facsimile

Book of Armagh, the Seal of the Corporation

of Armagh,

the party

to make an effort

that

to complete

would be found

to Rocque's

attention

He then asked Members to pay particular

the paper

maps as streets

on which was based

read to them.

those

Ar m

study

date.

ou nt

the Market

as they were at that

He. hoped they would carefully

he wouJ.d later

showed the origin.al

and portrayed

Houee ·and County Infirmary

the

the new cathedral

of the City were the text

that

map value,

Ar m

for

from its

design

apart

nt y

Ar m

Map of 1760 for the City of Armagh and to

O'Neill's [O'Hagan] Map of the City for 1851, saying latter,

ag h

Ar m

in the Museum.

to the queries

nt y

on labels

All the answers

arrival.

"Museum Quiz" with which they had been presented

us eu m

and adv ised

they would be expected

Ar m

interest

ou nt y

ag h

of local

ou nt

material

copy of the

of the Pipe Water Commissioner s and other

the Journal

traders'

drew atten tion

of local

ag h

He also

indentures,

apprentice

data

railway

of the - books,

etc;

tokens

"A.E." material

C h

bills;

paintings,

etc.

local

18th and 19th century;

Period

Uniforms,

Yeomanry and Militia;

ou 17th,

Costumes of the 18th and 19th century; Volunteer,

causes,

us eu m

poorly

us eu m

Mr. Paterson break up into

with the story

us eu m

the many ecclesiastical

and discussed

dealt

centre.

and Royal Irish

us eu m

the other

Fusilier

flags

banners.

us M

ou nt

Colour

that

nt y

and the French

and said

He pointed

at Ballinamuck

were Armagh Militia

banners

interest.

its

Ar m

Volunteer

nt y

collection

and that

was of great

out the Irish

Chantry,

colours

Roubillac,

etc.

Nollekins,

figures

Rhysbrack,

said it was rich

Ar m

by great

sculptures

and inspected

The conductor

earlier

the cat hedral

Ar m

the interior.

of three

then entered

The party

ag h

churches.

the sites

Ar m

in 1268 and covered

by Archbishop

of the church built

stood

the shell

The cathedr al as it

i ncor porated

Ar m

and burnings.

ou nt y

and the Anglo-Normans and the c onsequent

destructiore

O'Scanlon

He then spoke of the arrival

ag h

s cholastic

ou nt

of the City in the days when the town was a

of the Vikings

of the

days down the centuries

from pre -Chr istian

ag h m

y nt

to the old

on the way the outlines

where the con ductor

buildings

captured

attempt

They then conti nued to the old

rath.

more modern times,

military

should

all

ou C

and inspecting

notable

should

pro ce eding by Market Street

cathedral

the hill

the party

the Museum for the

cathedrals,

cathedral

and that

the Club left

kn hour later

old hill-top

that

eu m

small groups

the "Quiz".

then proposed

us eu m

In the Chapter

Room he spoke a t some le ngth of the

drast ic restoration

eu m

many old carved

car r i ed out in 1834 and told

stones

been preserved

of pre- 13th century

us eu m

ou when

church

first

ou nt

that

from his

presumably

relating

up the hill

by the way of

Street,

We are told

he journeyed

and followers

in what is now Scotch

story

was given the site

to Christianity.

Ar m

of this

between

hill.

Ar m

to the consecration

was

nt y

conversion

took place

nt y

Patrick

that

elapsed

is a beautiful

with hie attendants

us eu m

ou nt y that

In the Book of Armagh there

the saint

in hearing

ago , St.

Whether

ag h

and Daire's

church es and schools.

1500 years

date for the period

arrival

monarch's

or not he could not say - there

Ar m

Patrick's

its

Synod in Armagh.

in Templenafertagh no definite

ou nt

in the year 448, just first

mentioned

dis cussion

members might be interested

that

Ar m

was some further

He then said

which marks the burial -

in the Book of Armagh by that

on the City,

and

by the south

There the conductor

Ar m

to Viking raids

slab

mediev al incli na tion

y nt

ag h

inserted

altar

out again

the tablet

in 1004, and there

held his

ag h m

orders

that

passing

of King Brian Boru.

the entry

had

ou C h

of the nave.

They next visited

to the chan cel with its

and the south transe pt,

place

that

to the 9th century.

then examine d a pre-reformation

continued

aisle

date

by Archbish op O'Sc anlon were then disc arded.

Some he said might be sa fel y dated The party

how

/J·

us eu m

and that

fawn were disturbed.

of the new

as we shall

was made on the

discussed

the laying

us eu m

halt

ou nt

ag h

a short

The condu ct or there

back

upon which we now stand , just

ag h m

he pro ceeded

the fawn down and looked

At the new cathedral

terrace.

the ceremony

hill

the site

do in a few minute s .

that

limestone

and that

from 14th century

m Ar ©

in pointed

the building

who

Ar m

a Mr. McCarthy of Dublin,

inspiration

ou nt

in the bringing

architecture.

his

in the museum.

This resulted

changed the plans and finished Gothic deriving

and that

died in 1849 and Mr. Duff passed

the same time.

in of a new architect,

of his design

Ar m

Crolly

style

they had seen a reproduction

away about

that

nt y

Ar m

for what might be termed the "Minster"

Archbishop

He said

ag h

of Dungannon.

was a Mr. Duff who had a preference

architect

the original

from various

in the vicinity

for columns

nt y

Ar m

had been obtained

the material

freestone

and arches

quarries

was local

the party

for the exterior

and informed

ou nt y

Crolly

Ar m

bishop

the founda tion- st one on the 17th March , 1840, by Arch-

of Knockadrain,

There he laid

cathed ral.

but

slope to climb an eminence on the

the hill

upon this

north,

northern

after

had been completed

down its

arms and later

over the hill

fled

of taking

Patri ck, we are

to move.

took it up in his

The deer

eu m

the fawn was too startled told,

a clump of willows

us eu m

deer and its

within

Market Street,

us eu m

under the guidance His successor

eu m

Dixon who died in 1866.

us eu m

ou nt y

nt y

record.

- a

m Ar ©

£30,000

of which was also

Cathedral

Ar m

National

ou nt

sum of £30,000.

the princely

For that

crops.

remember his great

to be a world's

efforts

he raised

the net result

sum believed

certain

in the Cardinal

still

but

county who were

of their

Armachians

during

who remembered his

Ar m

relief

been painted

ag h

people alive

by the failure

particular

was carried

resulted

the poor of his native

desolated

m eu

ou nt that

Logue came from Donegal to Armagh

Ar m

were still

to relieve

M y

a mosaic covering.

When Cardinal

Bazaar,

a fact

Archbishop

tenure

from condensation

Ar m

choosing

his

of the interior

had originally

suffered

of the year,

seasons

walls

The inner

such decoration

there

the decoration

Ar m

out.

that

in Armagh

on the work.

Logue,

1924, and it was during

ag h

office

had been spent

was the famous Cardinal

from 1887 until

being

took

died in 1887 and up to the

£70,000

His successor

McGettigan

episcopate

ag h

end of his

The dedication

1873, 20,000 people

Archbishop

under

and many internal

out as well.

day .

carried

on August 24th,

on that

was completed

McGettigan

ou C

improvements place

by Archbishop

whom the exterior

He died in

health.

1870 and was succeeded

was Archbishop

Kieran who was old and in frail

of Archbishop

us eu m

The work continued

us eu m

The conductor

said

had been spent .

Cardinal

should

eu Medici

of Rome.

us eu m

The Altars of St. Brigid, St. the latter the work of Signor and the Lady Altar containing work in the Cathedral.

Stations of the Cross. These were erected in 1875 by Archbishop McGettigan and are amongst the very few relics of the original decorations remaining. They are uniq_ue, the moulds having been destroyed following their casting.

us eu m

ou nt y

Cardinal's Throne and Altar Venturi of Bolonga.

The painted roof portraying incidents in the lives of Irish saints, and the mosaic medallion portraits beneath the clerestory windows.

nt y

they proceeded

by the

much appreciated

ou nt

were displayed

to the C. B.

afterwards

the

Shortly

where

and two Monstrances

shown, a privilege

Vessels

Ar m

The Sacred

visitors.

Ar m

Mr. Campbell.

were ·also

including

from the Empress of Austria,

gift

to the Sacristy

vestments,

some of the more valuable

and were conducted

proceeding

later

magnificent

nt y

the cathedral

Ar m

round the building,

Pavement by Signor

ag h

Ar m

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

Joseph, Sacred Heart, Ruffononi of Rome, some of the oldest

- the work of Signor

Members then entered

that

The Pulpit

ag h m ©

with care

ou C h

inspect

the

He would suggest

they

for

The High Altar with its beautiful sculpture of the "Last Supper" by Aurelli i, a distinguished Roman artist, and the Rood Screen which was one one of Cardinal. Logue's first works. At the same time they should carefully examine the magnificent crossing, a feature due to Duff's plan for a great central tower.

Logue was responsible

as they would now see it.

in the church

by 1904 the sW!l of £100,000

eu m

interior

that

they heard the conductor

of the town as a background

nt y

ou C h

nt y

Ar m ©

ag h Ar m ©

ou nt y

C h

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

us eu m

of which the

ou nt

one indeed

Thus

as Chairman .

may well be proud.

Ar m ©

manner in

a memorable meet ing,

ag h

Secretary

on the pleasant

his duties

which . he had fulfilled concluded

with and Mr. Lynn as

ag h

was congr atulated

The "Museum Quiz" was then dealt

President

to Hr . Boyd for

indebtedness

of Club finances.

their

generally

us eu m

expressed

outin g and upon excursions

They then

Mr. Hughes on the success

local

the first

replied,

members warmly complimented

his care

to the s peake r was proposed

Mr. Paters on having briefly

and seconded.

on local

of thanks

eu m

A vote

his tor y .

for data

use

the streets

tea,

ou nt

us eu m

Cafe, where following

us eu m

ARMAGH,

significance

days no doubt influenced

St. Patrick

in his choice of it as

in his mission.

us eu m

1.1.ng

1n a po•

of the Northumbrian

ou nt y

later

favourably

figure

amenities

to prince Alfrid

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

attributed

century ,-the schools of

ag h

A!'magh were widely recognised. and its

growth was gradual in the sixth and seYenth

but by the end ot the latter

1'he city

school ot the new regime was

Cultural

centuries

began preparati.ons

opened.

He soon

1nstru.ct1on or the young people of the area, and so

about the Teal" lt;o the first

B7 the . succeeding centurf

schools and cburcbes,

its

sut'tered

the city,

the ninth and

duJ.'1ng

tenth centuries

but

ag h

had acquired an enviable position

Armagh

nt y

pupil 1n one ot 1-ts aehools.

nt y

~•

foreign

c011plle4 1D one

au irish manuscripts ll&DU8ffiph,

ot the o1'7 1n the yeu 807, am one the

1n••· d

Ar m

boa••

Book of Armagh

•t ... wl

the • -a?~

et 11N ......U.e

'-11• 4aJt 1■

vu pluD4el'ecl 1n 830, 8'7, 890, 919 and 9116. !be Olll,J looal apeeSaen ot pemaub1p to surrtve those aaagh

ou nt

no longer cam• lo atw.171n the saae mabers.

tbo•• eentui••

of the achoJ.asUc

and ,o alamed

Ar m

tba' '-7

books,

eatablllllaent.a and their

the destruction

1Jl

Ar m

Cl'8atl7 through the raids of the norsemen who•• repeate4 1ncrara1ona resulted

Ar m

Saxons, who about the year 68lt is reputed to haYe been a

Ar m

tor churches and im;nediately

tor the

the Annals he reached Al'magh in the year 44lt A.D.

secmred sites

According

the place of supreme importance

of Armagh in pre-christian

eu m

The traditional

onlJ

OMt

us eu m

indeed, or early origin

that can with certainty

eu m

1s our source for the story or the contacts

visible

whose entrenched abode are still

the enclosing

traceable.

arrival

reminders or Patrick's

to which era belongs the celebrated

and

rings~

They provide

in the mid-fifth

Patrick's

Bell,

between Patrick

Daire, the then Prince of the di.strict,

dated.

century,

one of' two

the Bell had a shrine made tor it by Donnell O'Lochlan,

us eu m

ag h

ot Ireland, during the Primacy of' Donnell MacAuley, Archbishop of Armagh, b7 which inscription it can be dated as

king

in Ireland

relic

1179, 1n

lllhich

ou nt y

1n ·.lrmagh until

Ar m

remained in sate keeping

no longer exists.

11. vaa the most :renowned ecclesiastical

nie

us eu m

untortlmately

ou nt

ag h

second, the ven~rated Bachal Isa

having been fashioned betwen the years 1091 and 110;.

and

year it

until

us M

nt y

gained

Bduoation

1n the city in the el.ennth

a fresh impetus 1n the 12th aentur7

aentm,r.

ag h

made steady progress

I.earniDg

nt y

the Reformation llhen it was publicl.7 burned 1n

Ar m

1538

be ntained

oft to Dublin by a f'ol'ce ot Anglo Normans there to

was carried

Ar m

'bJ' st.

when the aendment of the Irillb church vas inspired

ou nt

Ar m

and eduoated lllte

centlll'ies

n. Concord vne also ot looal extraction a .. Malachy 1n om- c1'7 acdlool.s. In those

st. Celsus and

Two other Archbishops of Al'magh,

the aaboo:La

41c lllt8.

Ar m

Malachy a taaous Armachian, the site ot whose birthplace bears a commerorative tablet He vas born 1n the cit7 1n 109; and

later

famous personal mementoes linked tor ever with Armagh. Centuries

us eu m

of Armagh maintained their national

ot other provinces besides Ulster - ror

by the kings

by the King ot Munster in 907 and Roderick O'Connor

High King of Ireland,

grant made by a

given by' a

buil.t

ot the city tor the accommodation ot the

hostel on the outskirts

beJ.ng

prince tor 1n l.387 Nial O'Neill king or Ulster,

loeal

us eu m

many learned men who found in Armagh a spi1'1tual. home.

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

lecture

at Armagh thus contelTing on the

who had not studied

theology

synod that no

to teaoh or publicly

person shoul.cl be pend.tted

ag h

In l.l.62 it was decreed at an ecclesiastical.

ou nt y

..abools of' Armagh pre-eminence oTer all the other school

nt y

cU■Sutshed

nt y

uaetulne••• bovnar,

:their

ag h

d1nurbed.

little

monastic schools were at tJ.rn

which the Irilb

Ar m

'by

vas but a tew years before the Anglo Norman

!bat

conquest,

Raks.

Ar m

IrelaDd, and contina1DC the city in 1'8 cla111 to university

ou nt

f'acU11:1•

Dowdall Archbishol of Armagh

h ag

George

v.ltholR m, educational.

Ar m

1558Dr

tor a U..

Ar m

i.n

I1"8l.ud ..

Ar m

or ecbloation. Saoh schools did not sutter actual •xttnoUon util Iha dissolution of monastries 1n l.S37. BJ' that cleene

QueenMary u to the neeess1t7 tor a university 11114 schools 1a 1S83 ill the "1111 or Elizabeth I a pl'OpOaal. ...... II 1dalr?11b universities at baach and Limericka,

JJ9U"1••

It was not, however, the last assistance

the city.

benefaction

ot Ireland towards education

king

the last

u.69, the latter

instance,

eu m

fostered

importance and were

us eu m

;>Q . Dublin eventuaJ.ly

acquired

the coveted prize .

rhe Earl of Tyrone made a t'urther

eu m

was likewise

unsuccesst'Ul .

that

in 15'99 but

attempt

During Elizabeths

s sovereignty

1n Armagh until

the

bT King

In 1608 lands were granted

1n the

various northern counties

~ Armagh,

as ad3unots.

and

An ertort

bllt

towards the propo sal was pa1'tial

a Queen'ss College tor the c1t,-,

nt y

the

ou nt

such as I have mentioned presaae

Ar m

Sobool.s and eftnts

Ar m

A1'1llaghit

ws erected in Beltast 'Whereit. has the university ot the proYince.

sinae be~•

sources.

to a college at

opinion

endowed a library

.from various

ag h

though the general

obtain

to wards

nt y

Ar m

184; to

a legacy

fhe sche111e _had, however, to be

drop ped because or opposition was made 1n

notice.

ou nt y

having du.ring his lltetime

Ar m

observatory

bequeathed

the

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

Lord Rokeby, the then Archbishop, tound.ation

brought

~t Armagh again to public

f(Uestion or a university its

century

1'he c1os1ng years ot the eighteenth

us eu m

ag h

nourishes.

still

came into being and

establishment,

an important educational

the Royal School

by which

schools

but

James and set apart tor the up-keep or tree

ot libraries. 1he first mention o~ such an 1nst11iu.t1.oa at Armagh oaca.ra1D the Annals 1n the 7eu l.020, lib.en the tom neoe•a1~

with much gold and silver

1n tbe houses ot' the students

dnanate4

'b7 a fire lllhicrh consumedthe great stone church tbe tower and 11• bells, tbe stone church of the elections the atone church or Saval the chariot ot the Abbots, and the books

••

Ar m

or Ulster.

Plantation

tows

seems to have been accomplished

nothing

endeavours were made to set up schools in the shire

and

us eu m

other prec ious things - the only exception in the general Just what that library

eu m

being the library.

catastrophe

contained we shall never Imow.

ntere is, however, ample at Armagh a series

long prev1.ous there had existed

evidence that

or books.

ag h

librarian

1n one of the Norse raids.

us eu m

ot Armagh 1s noted in

us eu m

ou nt

3:hat century, however, saw the coming ot the

ag h

preserved.,

still

1136 and an Armagh manuscript written in the :rollowing year is

cannot therefore

and

library.

considered Slll'ViTals trcm the earlier

archiepiscopal

nt y

archives,

library

or the

Ar m

than

registers

ag h

a unique set ot archiepiscopal

in l33J but they tol'lll part

records rather

%here are in the

nt y

no knowledge.

Ar m

we have practically

present collections beginning

ou nt y

trocn that period dovn to the

state ot the ancient library Refol'llation

or the

in the days or the Vikings.

as those suffered

Ar m

disastrous

Anglo Normans and the reneval ot raids on the c1 ty al.most as

oon'81lta.

ou nt

1n the daZ'k u

s account ot 1'• baa Pzi1.U' O'Mellan's

it■

howvv•

111the J.7'b oentuZoTbllt we an utterly

library

Dla-e was stu.l,

rather than a seat ot stud.7.

the wars

made the town a barracks

Ar m

between the English and the O'Neill

the Reformation and that at'terwards

before

decline

Ar m

Ve ue aware, or course, that the city was beginning to

that was

merely a copy of an older original

Die death or a celebrated

probab1y lost

such as the compiler of the Book ot

and include great figures

Armagh, in itself

to them begin 1n 720

relating

Entries

multiplication

ot scribes whose chief monastic service seems to have been the

us eu m

destruct ion one would assume that it consisted

chiefly

org ans and glass

!lhe or1g1Da1 ed11'1oe not unknow

nt y

one and conta1.ns

Ar m

ia an important

humoni.ze

noticeabl.e.

ao veU with the ol.cler vol'k •• to be scarcely

ag h

vas enlal'ged 1n 18lt8 but the alterations

Die book ool.lectioa

go,rerned.

Ar m

ou nt y

Ar m

Dllblln.

ot incorpol'-

a charter

b7 Thomas Cooley, an architect

was designed

us eu m

ou nt

the scheme might have

perm.anenq obtained by aot ot Parliament atJ.on under which it is still

to Archbishop

and endowed it naming it the

o~ Armagh, and so that

Library

in the

to Al'!Zlagh1n 1765'.

Kildare

t1'om

over 120

amenities

foundation

he bllilt

1n 1m,

ag h

years later,

Public

of today owes its

Robinson who was translated S1x

ot literary

ag h

1'he llbraey

We cannot

then and not until

was there any reTival

ci~.

books

nt y

7ears later

and philosophy".

guess as to what pe?'ished

iteas

ou nt

ot the 171;h and 18~

oentm1.ea, aaae or which 7ou v:Ul han

an opportun1t7 of

bf pel'mission ot the Keeper, the Very Rey.

later

~ UIUOhmedieval

an4 DWJTinteresting

consists

aatuial

the

1s, hovaftr,

t:rea8111'eot the librarr.

in the authol' • s

collection

greatest

inapeating

1'he manueript

own handvrlting.

Travels with annotaUons

~ Gulliver's

Ar m

edition

Ar m

apeo1aena ot eal.7 pr.1.nting besidH SODl8 rather rare vorka, aon ot llbiah were the gift ot its .tounder, amongst them a tU-8'

logic

nen

on Divinity,

or the English

with all the learned

whole City, with the fine library,

windows, and the

bells,

its

us eu m

and with

steeple

eu m

th eologi cal works - the actua.lr entry dated 6 M81', 161+2, 'I reads as f'ollowss - "Armagh was burnt; the cathedraJ. vith its

English

the Dean

us eu m

5 3.

or Armagh, and under the guidance ot Hr. &. Hamilton

eu m

Assist.ant Librarian

not so 1111ch1n what is to be seen, as 1n a 1117stict

appeal. llea

ot the moat distinguished centres ot Ir1* t2\e throne ot k1Dgs 1n Us gol.den age and the l.an

o•n 1,•.

us eu m

M y

ou C

us eu m

nt y

ou C h ©

ou nt

ag ©

Ar m

nt y

ou nt y

ag h

ou nt

-r.~.F. raW\.Svn .

Ar m ©

Ar m

•111>lODI

llhoae naes

and warriors

ov ial.e lball hang in spl.enclov

ag h

maD7 aaints

pl&oe

u 1ilM sea gil'deth

nating

leun1Dg,

men - and we co love our anoient c1.'7 al.¥878 Nm•ber

t8lll0Us

Uiai U vaa one

It has mothered UIQ'

canmunion ld.tb the past.

.reeling

to point out that Armagh's

I would like

1n conclusion

us eu m M

eu m

TheMall,

us eu m

C h

as the Mall the local Race customary for to which there

About 1742 the Corporation decided to enclose the portion lying within the circle of the race-course leaving sufficient room for the track outside the enclosure, that part of the course being now represented by the roads enclosing the central green. The result of that planning is .clearly shown on Rocque 1 s Map of 1760.

development, was built incorporated Court House

ou nt y

Ar m

In 1797 further plans were considered for its and in the following year the low surrounding wall and other improvements carried out. A date stone in the west pier of the central gate opposite the ·inscribed 1798 is a relic of that period.

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

A few years later Richard Robinson, D.D., was translated from the See of Kildare to the Archbishopric of Armagh and shortly afterwards procured an Act of Parliament whereby the Commonswere incorporated as the Public Walks of the city and thus ended its career as the Race-Course.

nt y

ag h

Ar m

The first building erected on the Mall following its utilization as Public Walks was the Prison in 1780. It was followed by the Court House in 1809, between which date and 1835 all the more interesting . houses on the east side of the Mall were built~

ou nt

Ar m

In the last quarter of the 18th century it was at times a reviewing ground for the county companies of the Irish Volunteers and subsequently for the Armagh Militia and the County Yeomanry Corps. Other military inspections, . presentations of colours 1 etc. took place down the years and so to the great War of 1~39-1945, when it provided an as;embly place for a number of important parades and for the first time in its history had a. British Royal Prince review the soldiers Shortly after it was the scene of of a famous Irish Regiment. an American review,probably the largest ever to take place upon. it. ·

In the 17th century the area now known was called the commons and was the site of Course. At that time t seems to have been the Corporation to provide a prize of plate are references in extant Corporation records.

us eu m

55 ,

'-21.

eu m

The Mall,

eu M ©

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

us M y

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

M y

nt ou C

ag h ©

Ar m

ou C

ag h m ©

Up to the replacement of the Sovereign and Burgesses by Town Commissioners in 1833 the care of the Mall was in At that date the control the hands of the Corporation. passed to a body of Trustees whose successors hold the The Mall as a whole property for the use of inhabitants. is not so well kept as i t might be but that is due to shortage or -funds rather than lack of interest.

us eu m

liALL,

11l T .1,:,'

eu m

to it and references The Mall was the local race-course appear in Corporation Records . They, however, are deficient from 173<::until as re gards the 17th century but are available 181tO.

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ag h

Ar m ©

ou nt y

Ar m ©

Ar m

Shortly after that date Dr. Richard Robinson was translated of Arillagh, and in from the See of Kildare . to the Archbishoprick 1773 tie leased the ."Commons11 to-·the Sovereign and Burgesses. The Thus ended "the Commons" career as the local race course. is embodied in the of the Commons to the Corporation transfer to the foundation of the Public Library of Armagh, Act relating 13 and 11+George III • .Cap.l+O. ·

ag h

The result of the above planning is pictured on Rocque's Map of the City, published 1760, bu t evidently drawn some years within the The map in questi on po rtr ays the commons earlier. and "Win ning Posts 11 • "Horse Course 11 and marks the "Starting" The area was then devoid of houses and simply known as "The Course" or 11Commons 11 •

In 1731 the Corporation n was concerned in raising money by of a piece of plate for for the presentation subscription of which part of the cost presumab ly came out of competition, At any rate a Corporation minute of 15th Corporation finances. 11 that money was to be borrowed and laid out June, 1752, states that part of the Commons of the said Corporation on enclosing of Armagh lying wi thin the circle of the course, leaving room for a course without the said en closure and that sufficient same should be enclose d with a ditch 8 feet wide and quic kened with good thorn quicks" with three or four gates ; inside to be kept for hay and sold yearly.

us eu m

pp .603 610 .

eu m

of Ir eland , Vol. X, 13th and 14th George III,

Statutes

in the library a public and preserving settling of city of Armagh for ever, and for enabl i ng the archbishop par ts of a piece of waste ground Armagh t o appropriate co ntiguous to the said cit y to cer t ain uses for the benefit of the inhabitant s t hereof , and to make long lease s of the re mainder .

us eu m

nt y

ou nt y ©

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

And whereas several other Paragraph VII I (pp . 608 - 609i ha ve within these few years public k as well as privat e buildings last past been e rected in and ab out the said city, and furt he r to the said city are now carryi ng on; and enlargements buildings that a pa rcel of l and adjo in ing to the and it being represented nine acres, one rood, and thirt y seven said city, and containing perche s, Irish plantati on measure, which is part of the estate of Armagh, and i s surr ound ed on every part of the archbishoprick of the said see 7 and that the sa~e bein g by land the property coarse and swampy no par t thereof bath ever been let , excep t a small spot whi ch was demised by Hugh, formerly lord archbi shop of Armagh, for the term of forty year s in the year one t hous and six to the government for a barr a ck, seven hundred and thirty which barrack fell down in ruins many year s ago, and a new barrack is now building on other ground the e st ate of the said see, and that the rest of the said land has been waste ground and from the swampy for holding fairs, serving principally and in many con dition , in which it remains, i s unhealthy, a nuisance to the said city: at the suit therefo r e of respects the said Ri chard lord archbishop of Armagh, and the humble suit of the sove reign and burgesses of the cit y of Armagh , be it aforesaid , that the said pa rc el fu r ther ena ct ed by the authority of waste land, cont aining nine acres , one rood, and th irt y seven pe rc hes as aforesaid , with all bui l di ngs which shall stand thereupon , shall be and remain vested in the said Richard lord arch archbish ops of Armagh for bi shop of Ar magh and his successors ever, --to the intent and purp o se that the sai d Ric hard lord archau thorized bishop of Armagh or his succ essor s may and a r shereby to cause such roads, as he shall th ink necessa~y , t o be made t hr ough the said gr ound from the said city to t he roads leadin g on each end of the said groun d from the said city to dif fe re nt parts of the coun t y , and to par ce l out the remainde r of the said ground into so many divisions , as he or they shall think pro per, and by deed under _his or t hei r hand and ar ch i epis copa l or so many of them as he or se al to app ro pr ia t e such divisions, they shall t hi nk f it , severall y for the use of hold i ng fairs and for holdi ng markets , aad i'or such other uses as he and they shall of the said t ageous to the inhabitants .most ~ judg e to ence fo rt h to remain so appro priated for ever; and to city , rr

An Act for

us eu m

Statutes

, Vol .

of Ireland

13th and 14th George III.

us eu m

ag h

enacted by the And be it further Para graph IX. (p.60 9) . so to be that all such fines and rents, aforesaid, authority paid from time to ti me to the said archbishop and hi s successors, shall be applied by him and them from time to time to such uses as shall appear to him and them to be of most and purposes, of the and the inhabitants advantage to the said corporation said city, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever .

us eu m

nt y

ou nt y ©

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

And for the better carryin g Paragraph X. (p p . 609-610). which and for removing any obstructions this plan into execution, in the out lines or inconvenience might proceed from irregularity in formin g such of the said waste ground? or any parts thereof, that the said archbishop or his as aforesaid, divisions to exchange so successors may, and is, and are hereby authorized much of other land, the estate of the said see, as will be necessary for those purposes, for a part of equal value of the and parts to be said waste land ascertaini ng the quan tities exchanged by writing under his or their hand and archiepiscopal of the said see seal, and lodging in the office of the register thereof? tog eth er with a survey of or a duplicate such writing, under the the parts so exchanged one for the other certified or his · seal of the said archbishop, hand and archiepiscopal to his Majesty, his heirs and saving nevertheless successor; bodies and saving to all other person and persons, successors, administrators, their heirs , executors, and corporate? politick other than the said Richard lord archbishop of and successors, and successors , the administrators, Armagh, and his executors, of and inhabitants and corporation, said sovereign , burgesses, as they or interest, the city of Armagh , all . such ri~ht, title, or any of them had, or may or might have, in, to, or in any wise concerning the premisses herein before mentioned , or any ' thereof hereby intended to be vested or particular part, parcel, uses, for the respective severally, trustees in the aforesaid intents 1 and purposes before mentioned , as if this act had never been mac:1e.

eu m

demise and lease by ind enture unde r his and their hand and as also seal the remainder of such divisions, arc hie piscopal to be appro priated for markets , as such par t of the division for sha wbl es , from time to time, for any shall be necessary number of years not exceeding sixty years , taki ng such fines t he reu pon such upon each demise and rene wal , and reserving annual rent, as he and the y shall thin k fair and reasonable , such rent to be made payable to the said archbishop and his successors .

us eu m

Statutes

of Ireland , Vol .

13th and 14th George III .

eu M ©

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

us M y

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

us M y

nt ou C

ag h ©

Ar m

nt ou C

ag h m ©

eu m

Paragra ph XI. (P . 610) . And be it ena cted by the autho r ity afor esaid, that this act shall be deemed , taken , and allo wed in all courts within this kingdom as a public k act , and that as such all judges shall take notice thereof without spe cially pleading the same.

us eu m

l:.o

ou C h

south

To level the Clay Lump at the north end of the Commons in order to clear out and form a passable road to the Gaol. £5. 7.3. To remove the 11Enroach ment" lately made on the Commonby Robt. McMast ers and Alex. Prentice and to form a road alongside the common in its old site and sit ua tio n . £4.11.0 .

nt y

ou nt y

us eu m

ou nt

C h

nt y

C h ©

ou nt

ag Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

Wi dening the Bri dge at the N. End of the Commons £6 .1 4 . 1 . (Andrew Lisle) [Lyle?] .

11 Oct . 1799.

Ar m

ag h

11 March , 1799. Flagging foot pathway from English Street to New Walk on the Commons £13 , 18 . 11½. Finishing the same with gravel and small stones and paving channel £11 . 7. 6. A man to be hired by the Soverei gn to attend to Commons Walk at salary of £9, 2. 0. per half year . £1 . 10 . 0. levied for repair of Circular Road at Foot of Vicar ' s Gardens .

Old Streets ,

1793.

l.3' July,

eu m

CORPORATIOU EIHUTl;iS ,

us eu m

Corporation

Minutes

us eu m

nt C

granted).

us M

ou C ©

C h

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou nt y

us eu m

ou nt

ag h ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

Witness : Hugh Wil liamson .

Ar m

ag h

Now remain der of Commons for 40 years from this date, viz. waste land or commons over and above 2 . G. G3 which re mainder is at £1 yearly rent .

(9 acres ~3 pe rches of the Commons already

eu m

Memo between William, Lord Archbishop of Ar:11 agh, of the one Part and Arthur Jacob Macan Esq. , Sovereign, The Revd. Wm . Lodge, L. L.D. , Rev . John Robinson Sir Walter Synott, Kt ., Rev . J . A. Hamilton, D.D. , John Staples, Esq . , Rev . Jas . Stronge , Rev . Thos. English, Rev . Dan. Kelly John McCan Esq . , Rev. Alex. George Stewart, and Rev. Nathaniel Alexander, Burgesses of the Town and Corporation of the other part .

us eu m

RATIOL 1,INUTJJ;S, CORPO

Lease bet ween same and Wil li am Archbishop of Armagh rela ti ng t o t he commons of Ar magh set out i n full .

nt ou

us eu m

4. Subscribers

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

their were paid off by ballot, names bei ng wri tten on pape r and placed in a hat or box.

19 10

m Ar ©

0 0,

0 2

ou nt

4 13 4

Ar m

12 perches of Ditchin g \,ti.th two pipes and a bank in the middle ring 14 feet wide and gripe 6 feet wide Gripe 4 feet wide and 3 feet deep. and 4 feet deep. @ 3/3 per per ch . 120 perches or walks between the gripes of the ditches and 20 perches across the ends to join the wide walks to be covered with small stones and gravel at 7d. per perch. 7 perches of drain from N. E. side to S.W. at a 1/per perch. Two pipes under the walk on each side . 14,ooo Quicks at 3/560 Forest Trees at 2d. being two to each perch on each clltcl2. old watering pool and levellin g at each end Filling of common.

nt y

ag h

The Estjmate for alteration of the Commons,

nt y

ou nt y

5. A person skilled in takin g l eve ls to exa min e present course wher eby water is conveyed from the commons.

Ar m

out by aid of subs cri ptio n s which wer e later r efun ded , par ts of th e common s being le t and the monie s re ed . subscri ber s. theref r om bein g used to repay

3. Work carried

ag h m ©

and Rev.

~ . First over seer s : Rev . Dr . Hamilton Dan. Kelly .

C h

1 . A double ditch and a wal k between the di t che s, planted wi th trees on each side be made a cc or di ng to plan .

eu m

l1ieeti ng of Sover ei gn and Burgesse s.

1797 . Octobe r 3.

5' 13

us eu m

S. .1:!: 'l'I ON ;;:[1,iU'.r QORPORA

eu m

The Estimate for alt erati on of th e commons

(cont'd).

0 0

4 0

us eu m

ou nt y ©

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

C h

nt y

ag h

Ar m ©

3 3

ou nt C

h ag

Ar m

ag h

Ar m

ag h

to pa r ti cul ars relating Extrac t from a Memo - reciting Dated 19th Augus t , 1797 . Commons and how held. States - 11All that and those : That pa r t of said common wher eon a Coun t y Gaol hath been erected .

£ s. 4 Per ches of sewer from Gaol Sewer to Mr John McCan'ss field drain on t he N. E. side of th e Cow Market to 5 O be covered and pi ped over at 27 23 perches of wall at both ends 6 fe et high from 41 8 at 6/-. foundations 4 11 , pairs of piers capped . 3 8 ~ gates . 3 8 6 gates@ 11/l+½. walk & 15/-. 3 0 4 bridges across outside drain outside(?) 40 pe rc hes of dr ain to be sewered from Slaug hter 2 3 House to common 1/1. Cle ar i ng out the in t ended wate r ing - pool . 30 days of 3 5 horse, car and man @ 'd./2. 2 10 Paving 60 yards@ lOd. sorts of trees to be planted at l½d . 1,000 different 6 5 each .

us eu m

, L j-:nmT.r:;S CORPORATIO (1818-181+0).

eu m

The hall

Donation of £100 to be spent on ere cting - one at end of Primrose Lane 2 fountains and the other in English Street . Donation of £100 given by Sir J as . Brydges to be in the Eas t Side of Mall s pen t on railing

us eu m

M ©

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

us eu m

ou nt

C h

ag Ar m ©

Walk across the Mall fro:n Russell Street to be paid for by inhabitants . Mr McWil liams and Dr. Cuming to be consulted.

Ar m

at south Sovere ign to carry out alterations side of the Mall with £100 given by Mr. Golborn on his election as M.P.

ag h

21+June , 1836.

Committee for thinning trees on the Mall "growing round the Publi c Walks 11 • (Kel ly: Dean Jackson, Evans, Dr . Kidd , Cross) .

ag h

21 Feb . 1831.

30 Sept . 183.::.

29 Sept . 1831.

us eu m

-. TH,c;Mall

Henry Davison . Paton Wm Rev . Benjamin Wade

us eu m

ag h

are a self-elec te d body so when a member died the The trustees r emaini ng members co -opte d a new me.nber in his place . Mr. Paton was the last Sovereign of the City and agent to the Archb is hop The lease frojj in the Mall. took a keen interest and therefore Lord John George is clear as to the privi leges of the public which were confined to the Public Walks.

us eu m

C h

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

C h

nt y

ag h

Ar m ©

Ar m

Armagh City Council made at least two attempts to deprive the Trustees of the Mall - the first by Act of Par liament and See "Armagh Guardian" 9th August, this time by agreement. 1929.

ou nt y

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

a source of revenue When the Church was disestablished money , of the gr ounds brou ght in little ceased, and the letting so tt was necessary from time to time for t he Trus tees to appea l in t hat About 1920 much help was gi ven ·locally for assistance. way and again recently.

Geor ge Robinson . Thomas Cuming, M.D. J . G. Winder. John Stanley.

eu m

The Sovereign and the Corpo r ation ,~as done away with when the Town Commissioners replaced t he.n in 1854 but the Mall was subscri pt ions of local peopl e until Archbishop kept up by private John George Beresford re newed a lease of t he Commons or Hall on 15 December, 1859 7 for 40 years at a nominal rent and appointed the followin g gen tle men trustees

us eu m

eu m

of the Ci ty .

Imp rov ements

I mprov ement s at Mall ,

p. 5.

at Armagh June ll , 1888 .

sitting

Sub-Co nrni ssion

and Tol l.

of markets Rights

"Minut es of Evi dence " Royal Commission

m M

us eu m

us M y

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

bet ween

M y ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

ag h m ©

1832-184 5 .

iron

walk,

Expended

£870 .

g at e s and r aili ngs , e tc.

C h

ging c ross making and flagging

sewers,

publ ic

n amel y bounda r y wall , dr ai n i ng , fen cing , covering

- -----

us eu m

-- -

the the cathedral Brou, where Jesus, which

nt y

it was recently

C h

ou nt

Ar m

told me that

nt y

ag h

ou nt y

us eu m

ou nt

2. A memberot tlie chapter

Ar m

was to be 140 feet.

Ar m

fhe length

stonework prop~sed to attempt to restore the original but that the removal of the plaster 1n 't!Ut interior

that it was in a very decayed condition and that ~• 1 had been covered with a thick coat of tar to keep in that the damp. Almost the only parts of the interior

Ar m

ag h

The Four Masters, under the year 457, relate the He ordered care. building of the town by St. Patrick's city there, and a twelve men uto erect an archbishop's church for monks, for nuns and for the other orders in general, for he perceived that it would be the head and The tripartite chief of the churches of Ireland in general." life of st. Patrick (said to have been written by St. Evin in the sixth century) adds the information that the form style In and length of the church were prescribed by an angel. 1 of the 1125 the Four Masters tell of the complete re-roofing In 1268 they relate church after 130 years of partial ruin. O O;Scanlain whose work a rebuilding by Primate Gillapatrick They is evidently to be found in the existing transepts. windows traceried have lancets at the sides and three-light One lancet on the south, very plain, splayed at the ends. all the rest is but without shafts, seems to be original; withi~that concealed by the refacing without and plastering was carried out in 1834 by primate Lord J.G. Beresford. Besides the transept the church consists of quire of three The quire is in bays and nave with aisles of five (fig.18). the style of the fourteenth century and may have been erected The nave and its aisles by Primate Miles Sweetman (d.1380). form a good specimen of the style of the early fifteenth The oblong clustered pillars have ten shafts apiece, century. as is so commonly the case in Ireland. the outer ones filleted The arches are well moulded and even in their present plastered The aisles condition by no means without a certain dignity. are of two windows; those of the clerestory have three-light lights and splayed downwards.3

is in store for A very great disappointment antiquarr who, without previous knowledge, visits church of all Ireland, the pnimatial metropolitan at Armagh, the burial place of the renowned Brian was preserved the famous bachal Isa or staff of had been used as a crozier by St. Patrick himself.

eu m

ARMAGH.

us eu m

-m

us eu m

nt ou

ag h

us eu m

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y ©

ou nt

ag Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

(Extract from 11The Archaeological Journal" published under of The Council of The Royal Archaeological the direction of Great ~ritain and Ireland, dated December, 1915, Institue P• 393) •

of fine monuments, none of ancient date, with a cheerful flags help to give the interior

several effect.

3. A- ~ber

eu m

look old are the north and south arches of the tower, the others having not long ago been rebuilt to open out the view. Primate Robinson, Lord Rokeby of Armagh (17651794), however, in the late eighteenth century tried to build a replica of Magdalen tower in the middle of the as the north-west church, but was obliged to desist, In 1786 he pier gave way and had to be reconstructed. built the present low and feeble tower and unfortunately never began his scheme of erecting his Magdalen steeple as an addition to the west end. He was a great benefactor to the city, founding the library and the observatory.

PLan of Armagh Cathedral

ou nt

mm Hokv".

Ce.-.t.

us eu m

eu m

us eu m

ou nt

m ag h

ag h

ou nt y

nt y

ag h

• tu~ m • ,5,..., .. ri "'-

Ar m

7o.

us eu m

nt y

ou nt

F~rt una te l y

444.

made ~o encase

shrine

Ar m

the year

1091 and 1105 by command of Donnel

between the years

a beautiful

known as st.

him sel f so its

saint

and belo ng ed to the great

nt y

down to the

It was , howev er ,

was, and is , the most i mpor tan t .

BUl'TiTe■ ,and with

us eu m

a s s oci ated wi_th Ar magh , that

can be tr a ced back to about

as the

of the church .

in ~he destruction

Bell

There

by archbishop

one recast

Ar m

the belle

a small hand bell

ag h

Ot all

t ion

in the many ·

destru c tion

old bellsle with

Hampton in 1613 were lost

history

frequent

and burning s of the City from th$.t period

1641 , when · cer tain

Patrick's

Ar m

They suf fered

the

for

1721.

as early

in Irish · Annals

Ar m

year

of Armagh figure

ou nt y

Ar m

The bells

an inscrip

are dated

The oldest

is one of 1841 and two of 1885 .

in sorrow

bears

Each bell

and archbishops

and a few have had to be-recast

raiding•

us eu m

ou nt

and have tolled

of kings

year ,994.

and at peace f oll owing war,

ag h

o~er famous victories

RoyaJ cor onati ons and jubilees, passing

ag h

rejoicing

use for .

time they ha.~e pea l ed forth

In that

years.

over two hundred

may be seen

the bells

have been in constant

Some of the bells

and examined .

of ladders .

- a series

of the bell loft,

On the second floor

repla c ed by a more modern but lees

staircase

method of ascent

convenient

corner

original

and its

the . tower has been rebuilt

from which level

south

to the bell-loft,

direct

This leads

of the Cathedral

transept

stairway

of the

in tr1e west wall

incorporated

century

circular

g old 13th

to the tower is made by an interestin

The ascent

eu m

CATHEDRAL TOWER.

OLD

TIC

O'Loughlin

tower

THE OLD cathedral

eu m

wide

is an astonishin~ly

possibly

-impor tan ce in Ire l and , excepting

in Ire l and has greater

One thing

a pr ospe ~t .

"Tara of the Kings • , commands so fine site

us eu m

ag h

of ancient

they can be rung by one pe r s on .

From the pa r apet of , the tower there No place

however ,

The be11s,

have now been ar ranged , so that

war ,

of the nresent

at nine o 'clock.

Curfew was rung each evening

c onne c ted

of bell-ringers

was a soctety

there

with the Cathed r al , and up ~o the outbreak

view .

Arch bi shop

M times

In past

of Armagh.

• f.:¼.)

and duri1;1g the Primacy of Donnel McAuley

King of Ireland

historical

relics

ag h

Cenotaph er ec ted to mark the spot or1 the ri ver Ca ll an wher e Ki ng Niall was dr o,m ed in 846 .

2 . Niall 's Mound.

nt y

Ar m

from

of Ulster

of the kings

1. Navan Rath , the a ss embl y place 350 B.c . to 332 A.D.

sake let

For brevity's

ou nt y

work by numbers

ne i ghbou r h ood.

in the immediate

Ar m

nt y

of ab out 2000 B.c .

burial place

ou nt

A prehistoric

buria l place

Cairn.

Ar m

5 . Vicar's

storic 4. The Druid 's circle . Remain s of a prehistoric of ab out 1500 B.C ,

Ar m

Asso ci ated with Deirdre and the Sons of Usna and with a later 7th c entu r y St . Cre t an .

3 . Tully ar d mound

Ar m

in the City of various ear l y r eli gious foundations prope r - The churc hes of St . Bri gid and St . Colu mba, · the Culdee Pr iory , the Abbey of St . Peter and St . Paul , the si t e of St . Patrick' s fi r s t and Templenafertagh, only called churc h in the town1 Mullynure Abb ey, eoffll'l Bishop's Court because t h e Archbis ho ps somet imes r es ided th ere , deat r oyed by fire in 13?1.

6 , Si tea

can find

us eu m

Let us exami ne the town and oountrye ~de and see what we

ou nt

around it .

ag h

, no other

very c ertain

us eu m

... 1-'2.

eu m

us eu m Friary

7. The Franciscan

i n 1227 .

of Armagh, a buiJ di ng er ec ted

8 . Si te of the Ca stle

in 1264 .

erected

Sch ool . F ounded by .Tames I in 1608. s i te i n Abbey Street t o pr e sent · fr om original i n 177 4 .

eu M

Old 1750 .

us eu m

s i t e i n 1773 .

Chape l.

us eu m

Ar m

1811.

16. St . Mark 's Church,

1722 .

Moved to present

y Bar rac ks .

17 . St ~ Malachy's

Built

ou nt y

15 . Militar

Chur ch .

ag h

14 . Old Presb yterian

in 1780 to repl ac e an

site

ou nt

ag h

Buil t on pr esent 13. The Prison. older 17th c entury gaol.

Robin s on in 1789 .

1?70.

about

Built

12. The Deane ry .

pos i t ion

Bui l t 1774.

11. County In firmary .

!lo ved

Founde d by Archbirhop

10 . The Observatory.

9 . The Royal

nt y

Built

en l ar ged ~ .

1786 and since

nt y

Ar m

Chur ch .

1840.

Cath edral

19 . The Roman Cat h olic 20. The Methodist

ag h

Ar m

Hall . An i mpor t ant Inn in the 17th cen t ur y . 18. The Protestant to Ja.mes II in 1689 and sli gh t ly later to Gave shelter King William ' s famous old Gener al , the Duke of Schomb er g .

Obelisk , 1782.

26. The bJ.~tor\ o ~own of Dungannon

Obelisk , 1782• 1?83.

25 . The Castledillon

Ar m

Desene

24. Palace

( 1??2 ), Gran ge (1776 ), 23. The Churc h es of Lisnadill ( 1832), Ki l darton ( 1840}; et c. Killylea

ou nt

F ounded by Archb ishop Robinson

Library.

l '7'71.

Ar m

22. The Public

21 . The Mar ket House. Rebuilt in 1835 by Arc hb i shop Stuart on the site of a 17th c entury Market House.

us eu m

Sessiaghmagoll

M ©

M C

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C

nt y

ou nt y

ag h •

Ar m ©

us eu m

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

nt ou C

ag h Ar m

ou C ©

Ar m

ag h

:31. Lough Neagh .

alias

:30. Sessiagh

29 . Benburb .

Armaghb ragu e and Car r ic kat uke .

28.

and the ~er ry - Tyr one )fountains .

27 • Sli eve Gallion

•

eu m

Till: OLD CA'l'HEDllA L TOW ER

us eu m

ST. LUKE•S HOSPITAL. of Asylums f or the Lunatic

eu m

f or the provision

The Bill

under the Act.

in Ireland

kind built

of its

was the first

us eu m

in May 1821, one hundred

Ireland.

mace-bearers

of Armagh,

to accommodate the counties

was intended

nt y

opening took place on 14 July 1825 and the

ag h

Ar m

The official

still

that

Civil War of 1641, symbols of city authority

survive.

in the

in 1657 those lost

ou nt y

replaced

the Corporation

city maces that

carrying

us eu m

ou nt

. and preceded

ag h

by the burgesses

accompanied

years ago, by the Sovereign of the city,

and forty

ag h

stone was laid

The foundation

ou C h

throughout

city

his native

in this

edifices

and in many towns and counties

nt y

year as its

sister

establishto the

in 1853 Fermanagh was attached

h ag m

that

?en years after

Ar m

year.

asylum opened in Omagh in that

later

patients

to that

~till

Ar m

from Donegal and Tyrone ware transferred , ment.

same

wereupon

in Belfast)

institution

The Derry Asylum was opened in 1829 (the

included.

ou nt

Donegal, Fermanagh, Monaghan and Tyrone but Cavan was later

Ar m

of delightfully-proportioned

a number

besides

in Dublin,

buildings

owe some of the finest

Board of Works, to .ihom we

of the Irish

then Superintendent

Johnston,

Francis

Plans were drawn up for it by the celebrated

building

Asylum

being in 1817 and the Armagh District

Poor came into

..2'• .

us eu m

7~. .sh_Luka's Hospti.aJ....

was appointed

the Marquess of

us eu m

M C

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h Ar m ©

manager at

and an old boy of the Royal

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

physicians,

The first

ag h ©

Ar m

of Managers

ag h m

staff .

then Lord Lieutenant

School of Armagh.

C h

Wellesly,

of consulting

and domestic

nurses

Armagh, Mr. Thomas Jackson,

keepers,

consisting

by staff

have since been made.

under the control

were at first

SUch institutions

assisted

and additions

Many alterations

County Asylum in 1863.

and thus Armagh became a

eu m

in Cavan and Monaghan a necessity

made asylums

afflicted

in numbers of mentally

the increase

us eu m

Drumarg or Downs.

Lovat.

two loc k- up yards

m eu

us eu m

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ou nt y ©

ou nt

ag Ar m ©

Ar m

ag h

ou nt

us eu m

y nt

ou C ©

ag h ©

Ar m

.\I

of houses in the City and Boro ugh of

ag h m ©

etc

M y

ou C h

land,

and small pleasure

Armagh, 1833-34.

Valuation

offices,

and superior

garden

large

Park , with

Green

called

Two sto re y house,

John Beresford

under ,

The Rev . Dr . Burns , holding

eu m

us eu m

nt y

On his death

ag h

nt y

C h ©

ou nt

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

parish

over to the Pr imate as an episcopal

Ar m

mensal parish .

ou nt y

Byrne was the last

of Armagh (see p.433 of above).

in 1834 Armagh passed

us eu m

ou nt

C h

The Very Rev. Patrick

Ar m

the Very Rev. Raymond O Hanlon,

ag h

Ar m ©

ag h m

Ar priest

He then removed to

pp.434-435°

''Stuart",

of Maynooth

of the College

years.

above five

Armagh where he succeeded

Coleman's

He was

near Dungannon.

chosen President

where he resided

D.D.

C h

subsequently

in the neighbourhood

first

priest,

and afterwards

of Aughnacloy

and

to Ireland

he returned

many years

as a parish

officiated

eu m

nt ou

After

Seminary at Nantes .

of the Irish

superior

was appointed

there

graduated

and having

in Paris

~ducated

of County Tyrone.

A native

Dean of Armagh.

Roman Catholic

D.D.,

Byrne,

The Very Revd. Patrick

us eu m

1'ATRICK' S

Seminary

eu m

s tudie s ,

were forced

us eu m

who

those

to send

ou nt y

education

the diocese

ag h

This was

Seminary.

nt y

who in 1836

nt y

h of a Catholic

schools.

to be made throughout

Ar m

us eu m

ou nt

gener ally,

speaking

Ar m

ou nt

ag Ar m

Ar m ©

T. G. F. Paterson).

out and the Seminary was opened in September

ag h

Ar m

duly carried

commenced their

by the Archbishop

collections

kept

Street,

in Castle

where many who were after-

to Protestant

for the building

1838.

that

a good classical

(This was remedied

ordered

ag h m

a Catholic,

may be said

There was

professions.

of the diocese

children

their

wards priests

by a Mr. Breen,

al s tude nt s or of lay

day school,

a classical

indeed

in the whole dioce se for

of cleric

the learned

for

Catholics

no se minary

ou C

either

the educ a tion

that

time,

at that

province

or col l ege was in existence

desired

came to Armagh in 1835 he found as was usual

the northern

but it

when Dr .

that

Armagh" by James Stuart , p. 435, states Crolly

Memoirs of the City

"Historical

Coleman in his

ST.

us eu m

On the Summation of Series

Hugh Breen' s "Treatise

eu m

, Belfast,

Smyth of 34 High Street

us eu m

the Earl

nt y

Cha rles

h ag

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

of Hockley.

then Dean of Armagh.

Ar m

and Mr. Owen Gribben

Henry Caulfeild,

ag h

Lifford

Ar m

Brownlow, Viscount

ou nt y

the Honble.

Ar m

ou nt

ag h

Sir Capel Molyneux,

Lord John George Beresford,

Archbishop

of Charlemont,

The Author.

included

subscribers

/ Is

By His Nost Obedient/

Dedicated/

And Very Humble Servant,

Bart.,

On The Summation Of Series

ag h

Most Respectfully

Local

ou C h

This Treatise

.And

.And.Public

Of His Private

As A Humble Nark Of Esteem/

/ For That Zeal / \ihich He Has So

For The /.Advancement Of Science/

Often Evinced/

Virtues/

/ H. R. I. A . / As A

Bart.

"To / Sir Capel Molyneux, Of Respect

in 1827

as under -

It was dedicated

Testimony

and pri nt ed by Joseph

by subscription,

was published

us eu m

<3). Astronomi cal Journal ,

T. G. F . Paterson , Tne Irish No. 6 , 1951 (p.175)

Links,

mentions

that

with the "Reduction

in 1940 he was employed in connection

of Planets " , a task he took over from

us eu m

in 1845 .

him at Greenwich.

ou nt

ou nt y

by gran t s made from time

G. B.

nt y

for staff

nt y

an assistant before

resigned

of poor health

Having been born in Armagh, he resolved

wae pensionable.

twenty years

Ar m

son Hugh was for nearly

of whom

to Greenwich Observatory.

at some time or other

at Greenwich but because

all

keen astronomers,

were attached

sons,

Ar m

three

Ar m

the Greenwich staff.

member of

time a regular

57th year of his age and at that

The eldest

1848 in the

Breen died on the 1st April

and direction.

He left

the then .Astronomer Royal being answerable

ag h

Airy,

Ar m

to time by the Lords Commissio ne rs of the Treasury,

funds being effected

ou nt

ag h

for the Advancement

Association

on behaJ.f of the British

Ar m

unde rt aken

but were spe cia lly

of the observatory

of Science,

of the routine

were not part

deductions

These planetary

duties

In 1840 his younge r son joined

us eu m

ag h

I. W. Thomas and succ essful ly concluded

of Observat ions

of no mean order , he became

A mathemat ician

of Greenwich where

so cieties

cultural

in the various

at the Royal Obse rvatory

an assistant

of the Armagh Mechanics Institute

was very much to the fore of the town .

century,

in the nineteenth

early

the Master

Hugh Breen,

on Local Ast r onomic al

in writing

eu m

Vol.I,

us eu m

a pension

of £50 per annum.

and of his

to London where his wife

us eu m M

nt y

resident

or other in

Ar m

while

1827 and was

Ar m

to subscribers

commended.

from uncles

on the Summation of Series".

highly

Ar m

This was distributed

of the past

astronomers

Hugh Breen the elder,

Armagh wrote a "Treatise

enough

though curiously

the infection

relatives.

parents,

some of the more illustrious seem to have caught

a love of

They seldom acquire

from their

choose

the sons of such people

ag h

professions.

ou nt y

Ar m

As a rule

in astronomical

parallel

without

chronicles.

astronomy

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

is probably

all

sons,

and three

of father

astronomers,

was an

at Cambridge.

at Greenwich and also

The Breen record

other

ag h m

son, John William Breen,

The youngest

of the Royal

Society.

He was a Fellow

ou nt

Astronomical

1858.

1846 and held

us eu m

until

the situation

at Cambridge Observatory

assistantship

"Observer"

the second son, was assigned

had remained.

nt y

time he returned

James Breen,

and family

of which,

ou C

a short

services

by reason

he was granted

to astronomy

a few

of quite

He was the author

works,

scientific

After

eu m

succeeding.

project

the

breakdown prevented

but a nervous

academy here,

to initiate

and in 1860 he made plans

to return

C us

nt y

ou nt

ag us eu m

us eu m

eu m

Gardens

us eu m

ou nt

ou nt y

C Rocks

ag h

Mass

Ar m

ag h

Mass

c:n,---,.

us eu m

COUNTY Afil,iAGHIUSCELLANE.A

eu m

Mass Gardens and Mass Rocks

us eu m

nt y

m Ar ©

due to his presence

as "the

ou nt

h ag

tradition

Ar m

local

Bard of Armagh" an appellation

Chapel on

from Lislea

Ar m in

survives

The "Doctor"

chiefly

now known as Doctor's

one mile distant

the way to Crossmaglen.

nt y

with .Armagh he resided

a small townland

about

Ar m

Corrimallagh

of Armagh in 1714.

Archbishop

connection

During his

Dr. Hugh

of Dromore in 1697, and indeed until

McMahon was consecrated

us eu m

ou nt y

ag h

to the

ou nt

Ar m

of .Armagh, a

Diocese

his appointment

after

and

y nt

ag h

Ar m

in 1673 by

was for a time Vicar-General

post which he retained

D.D.,

Donnelly,

priest

Plunkett.

of the Roman Catholic

Administrator

Quarters,

Dr. Donnelly

bishopric

ou C h

ag h

.Archbishop Oliver

the ill-fated

are

and best

of the Rev. Patrick

1649 and ordained

who was born circa

to imprison-

of such events

one of the most interesting

related,

pries ts and

Mass were liable

Many stories

remembered being that

found celebr ating

period,

at that

generally

In the county

ment or transportation. still

memories.

they are now but folk

bishops

in the

must have been plentiful

al tho ugh such sites past,

days and

of the Penal

are relics

These survivals

T. G. F. Paterson

us eu m

;I.

in the role

he ar r anged for Masses in se cl uded

eu m

over the

common - some

as 1813 - see under

Armagh, was so weather

provided

in wintry

Ar m

states

them with

into

driving

Tradition

chapel.

she .immediately

This has now been deserted.

Ar m

for a chapel.

in the

nt y

as late

her own tenants

Mass in the open that

ou nt y

were pretty

Ar m

Mrs. Cope of Drumilly,

shocked by seeing

does show that

ag h

Ar m

Mass Garden near present

Ballyargan.

in evidence

Annacramph

Mase Rock in above townland on the Turly farm.

a site

all

he'd have Masses in out of

ou nt

such places

indeed were still

but it

county generally

Ar m

very defective,

Tynan.

He was no less

of Mass Gardens and Mass Rocks is,

course,

man.

and fairs

in South Armagh".

ag h

This list

midnight

ag h m

the way places

that

hear in conversation

in Penal Days and went about as

He'd be at markets

county and from after

He lived

a fiddler.

than a bishop.

where you will

"the Bard of Armagh was a great

that

Quarters,

Doctor's

in tradition,

Mullabawn and especially

around Camlough, Crossmaglen,

his place

ou nt

illustrates

us eu m

story

This little

glens and woods.

nt y

When at such ass emblies

of a wanderi ng minstrel.

us eu m

and markets

fairs

us eu m

Ballym acnab.

Carnally.

eu m

Mass Rock on O' Tool e farm i n above to wnl and.

(Informant

eu us

us eu m

M M

nt y

m Ar ©

is a tradition

and there

Ar m

MacParland

ou nt

1952.

to a church site.

cross

near the above Mass Rock, on the

farm of Mr. Peter

slab in September

There is a "Relig"

particulars).

marked by a granite

Ar m

and an inscribed

near Mountain House.

"Mass Rock Garden" Site

no other

gives

(Tradition

Drumcree Parish" •

us eu m

ou nt y

ag h

kept and used in Foy Lane in

Ar m

"Mass Box formerly

on bank of

Ar m

Drumcree Parish .

ou nt

C h

Ar m

small stream .

- see

of the building

chapel,

near present

Mass Garden site

the remnant of

by Thomas Hughes, p.100.

of Tynan Parish,

Cladymore.

Drumilly

ag h

be seen at the rear

heard

) the faithful

of a plantation,

corner

which may still History

edifice

of a somewhat earlier

Mass in a secluded

in 1826 (on

chap el was erected

ag h

the s ite

the present

Before

Cavandoogan .

Mass Rock in above townland near vill age of Camlough

Carrickcroppan.

Cully hanna ) .

Mr. Devlin,

A Mass Rock use d here in Penal t imes .

eu m

M road

nt y

The present

ou nt

midway between Maghery Diamond and the Ferry.

Chapel in a clump of

known locally.

Mass Garden near to present

h ag

the village

Ar m

Maghery

Site

Forkhill

Ar m

in above townJ.and near

A Mass Garden

McGurk was caught

and was killed.

Ar m

Longfield.

nt y

Friar

the glen was not then in existence.

through

trees

ou nt y

that

Map of

was a Mass Garden.

ag h

Mass there

there

asserts

1835 .

us eu m

ou nt

Shown on Rocque•s

Ar m tradition

of road

on side

See O. S. Maps , Sheets

h ag

Bridge,

Near Lisadian

celebrating

ag h

Ar m

County Armagh 1760.

Local

M y

shown in above townland

of a Mass Garden,

Lisadian.

ag h m

Kiltubrit.

to the building

spot previous

to Loughgall.

from Charlemont

in 1786.

R. C. Altar

Site

at this

Mass was

that

states

Tradition

C h

Keenahan.

of the chapel

Well.

celebrated

frequently

Keady.

in the past".

The Altar

where Mass was said

to mark "a place

bush is said

a thorn

under

situated

fence

in field

Cross -in s cri bed stone

Eshwary

us eu m

i,.

us eu m

2/.

Mass Garden.

eu m

Armagh.

ou nt y

the year

1800 when Lord

use from the time of Cromwell till

to have been in frequent

is said

The spot

Ar m

Mass Garden on the land of Mrs. John McConville (Lurgantarry).

ou nt

C h

Ar m

Tannaghmore .

The Mass Garden is known as Carrick-

Friary.

ahiffrin.

of a little

of the road is the site

Franciscan

in Penal Times, and on the

Ar m

enclosure

is an ancient

there

in which Mass was celebrated opposite

nt y

to south

ag h

from north

running

end of ridge

on the northern

Ar m

On a rocky eminence

Shean .

Ar m

Mass Garden or Mass Rock near the Adair farm.

nt y

Shaneglish.

in a local

us eu m

ag h

us eu m

ag h

in 1813.

The Mass

in 1825.

to have been mentioned

is said

House in question

of a church at Derrymacash

the building

to have been in use until

It is believed

Forde property.

of a barn on the

now form part

walls

The original

century.

directory

about the end of the 18th

until

P.P.,

Byrne,

a Father

buildi ng in the Forde demesne used by

stone

A small

Raughlin.

ou nt

School,

Brothers'

See Downey MS., Christian

llynure • Mullynure

us eu m

I1r . Brownlow gave the Cat h olic s an old

Lurgan s ancestor

did not occur until

M ou

nt y

h ag

of Armagh.

the city

on the bank of the River Callan

just outside

Situate

.Mass Rock.

Ar m

Tullyard

Ar m

Reputed Mass Garden on the farm of Mr. James Burns.

ou nt

Chapel.

Church of Tartaraghan.

near Carrickanann,y

period

of the present

the site

Ar m

Presbyterian

In that

the Mass Box was burned.

to have occupied

is reputed

Tullya

troubles

ag h

political

during

in the open in a

the Mass Box.

called

Ar m

wooden structure

Chapel in 1825, Mass was celebrated

of Eglish

nt y

between 1797 and the building

Ar m

In the years

ou nt y

of it.

to the building

contributed

since he had

us eu m

it was not many years

ou nt

ag h

saying

denial

us eu m

ag h

at it but made a

the Yeomanry and Orangemen to fire spirited

14 July 1797.

News Letter

was accused of encouraging

of Church Hill

James Verner

the battle

following

the summer of 1797 - see Belfast

immediately

was a ch apel here

there

that

the Diamond in 1795, an event that

sta tes

was destroyed

that

ou C

Local tradition

M •

Tartaraghan

garden.

in this

stood

for the

shelter

shed or "bohog " a.ffording

A small

celebrant

eu m

in Dougher townland.

mill

disused

us eu m

townl and on a farm (now

in this

eu m

"Mass was celebrated

1955) belongin g to Miss Maggie Ann Donaghy daughter

The place was known as the "bohog" or

us eu m

ou nt

ou nt y

us M

ou C h

ou nt

C h

with the

links

to these

memories that ·remain with regard

the form of folk

illustrate

Ar m

These two accounts

Garden" on the farm

"Priest's

of Mr. P. McKeown.

the

Ar m

Mass Garden called

Ar m

ran from Emain Macha southwards.

road

older

nt y

to join a still

nt y

country

of the

east

Highway" keeping

Well and across

Tullywinny.

past.

days was on

in earlier

ag h

Ar m

in or near

road from Armagh to the South which crossed

by "St. Patrick's

the Callan

Saint's

"The garden"

the ancient

the spot

have preserved

is an old chal ice buried

Ar m

the Mass Garden.

ag h

there

states

Tullymore Park.

said to have been found there

a re puted font

and also Tradition

owners of the property

ag h

Tullymore House, commonly called

Different

up to

of the avenue leading

hand side

on the right

in a small clump of thorns

A Mass Garden was situate

ou C

near Armagh city.

Tullymore,

Cullyhanna

Mr. Devlin,

(Informant

hut " .

"little

Donaghy.

Patrick

us eu m

Tullinaval.

us eu m

9r The Mass Bush at Dors ey. 1

eu m

wus he

but

us eu m

us M

us eu m

ou nt y

Maas here.

C h

Ar m

is said to have celebrated

Ar m

wus an'

iver

nt y

day that

are hund red s

ag h

nt y

The Bard bishop

over -

they are in the Spr i ng.

or jap of rain".

(1)

sight

Ar m

spot

not git

The bushes

in under them the wettest

Ye cud sit

do be tr ampin'

the cattle

of age an' a purty

many a

for the blessed

up an' a place

keep them off it.

Ar m

altar , but now shure its

of years

ou nt

days and Mass wus said there

There wur wee steps

hard till

Three of them made a

Ar m

chap el in the oul'

gentry

The finest

county are there.

ag h

bushes in the

it's

place.

"It wus aye a gentle

time.

The Mass Garden a t Farlagh ·

none" .

ou nt

he died it gets

since

ag h

an'

He wus a Carragher,

lime-w as hed the White Stone each year in the Spring,

well for shure it wud have vexed him

the heart.

till

his

But he is dead now an' all

An' it's

of pounds.

hundreds people.

have had it happen for

days wudn't

land in the oul'

He who owned the

of it.

over the cutting

anger

great

wus

there

an'

the al tar

sheltered

thorn

"A gentle

ou nt

nt y us

us eu m

~~,

nt y

M d~

us eu m

eu m

-fXCt.vt !,,,-\.;OY1

~ ~~

ou nt y

ou nt

~ >--11.t.

~e.u.a

Ar m

ag h

Ar m

m ag h

Ar -{'t. on-1

~ c.. w £-e. v-<

us eu m

CIVIC WEEKEXOURSION 1968

Sessions

House

of the Irish

us eu m

of his period.

architects

in 1809 to

example of the work of Francis

of Armagh, one of the most notable

Johnston

17th century

of which later.

Street

It is a very pleasing

of two "Fire Marks"

Founded by

ou nt

m Ar ©

foundation

condition.

ecclesiastical

then 1n a badly ruined

an early

Church of St.

Ar m

Columba in Abbey Street,

in the year 1608 1 t was original.J.y of the old Collegiate

own

as were covered by their

Ar m

placed on the site

nt y

companies could only

now proceed to the Royal School.

James the lfirst

of the

nt y

to individual

Ar m

X1Dg

Each Fire Office then possessed

in quenching such fires

company's marks.

They belong

"Fire Mark" and in the beginning

system firemen belonging assist

on the facade.

own particul.ar

of the Court House is the

ag h

Ar m

to the period 1809-1810.

Ar m

feature

ou nt y

He was born in 1760 and died 1829.

One interesting

its

his native

ag h

which later.

in this

us eu m

city,

of many buildings

architect

in being and

of Art in Du.blin, an institution

surv1 val

still

ou nt

ag h

Johnston was founder of the Royal Hibernian Academy

grim early

in English

was erected

the rather

replace

building

This very pleasant

eu m

MEETAT COURTHOUSE

us eu m

the First,

In the closing days of the reign of Elizabeth

Earl of Tyrone,

by Hugh O Neill,

eu m

the town was destroyed

map of 1602 made by a Cornet in the army of

ou nt y

We might,

shortly.

nt y

Ar m

in the city.

the house we now know

in 1770 built

Ar m

Bill. ae Dean's Hill

to the Deanship of Armagh 1n

1768 and two years later

by Dr. Hugh

who was presented

Ar m

was planned and erected

Hamilton

11;

ou nt

to which date the Deans of' this Diocese lived

1770, previous

ol.d mansion and was erected

It is an interestill8

that it was for a time a residence

ag h

Ar m

of' the Deans of' Armagh.

which derives

is Dean's Hill,

Nert (also on the left)

its name from the fact

loll8er•.

come soon and et~

Ar m

wish him here and now the ol.d Armagh farewell

•come again,

Moore, who came to

Mr. Patrick

Armagh in 1965, has decided to retire

I think,

Most people will be sorry

ou nt

ag h

ag h m

founder,

that its

now open

pass the Planetarium,

way.

to the Public in a limited to learn

we shall

Now on our left

C h

all in County Armagh.

and at Charlemont,

at Mountnorris,

in the Gap of the North,

Forts at the Moyry

and on his way to Armagh built

Kinsale

north from the battle

Mountjoy was then returning

us eu m

sad eight.

depicts

Lord Mountjoy (the then Lord Deputy of Ireland)

us eu m

A pictorial

us eu m

Bishop of Clonfert

Dean Hamilton was appointed

He died

of Ossory in 1799.

eu m

to the Bishopric

and translated

1795

At the Disestablishment

Church the Deanery

of the Irish

at Kilkenny in 1805 and was buried there.

owner.

us M

townscapes in the city

us eu m

ag h

and indeed one of the most beautiful.

the North of Ireland. the Royal

ou nt y

nt y

( 1770),

the Court

Bank of Irel.and

ou nt

(1789),

Ar m

House (1809), St. Mark's Church (1811),

for the Palace

(1812),

(1771), the Observatory

he was responsibl.e

Public Library

in Dublin, are very well

_especially

Ireland,

of Armagh whose works in our city

Ar m

a native

known.

Ar m

and elsewhere

ag h

Lord Rokeby chose the celebrated

'Hor his architect, Johnston,

Baron Rokeby of

nt y

Ar m

Robinson, D.D., who had been created

Armagh in 1777 and died 1794.

Francis

view

was endowed and founded in 1789 by the Most Revd..

Ar m

Richard

ou nt

of which one gets a pleasing

.ArmaghObservatory,

from here,

St. Mark's Church,

the Planetarium,

the Observatory,

etc •

School,

ag h

Prom it you can see the old and new Cathedrals,

the :Mall School (1818), Gateway and clock Tower, Dobbin Street

HILL TOWER

This is one of the most pleasant

of Capt. Michael Armstrong, D.L., the present

us eu m

land were sold to Mr. H. B. Armstrong, grandfather

and its

us eu m

96 . Shambles, Market

County Mental Home (1824-25),

(1819-20),

eu m

and Clock Tower (1827).

an old boy of the

and discovered

a Director

about acquiring

His Grace set

to his liking

found an architect

Having

Royal School in the person of the Rev. James Archibald

us eu m

ou nt

from 1780 until

us eu m

where he

ou nt y

nt y

and becOJDe

and scientific

ou nt

secl.usion

act:I.Tity.

of educational.

Ar m

centre

rustic

guidance the

feel. that under Dr. Lindsay's

iaportant

with Thomas Street.

J 1nk1 ng Scotch Street

a new line

a4e

In the same year

in. 1811.

■tnet

Cathedral

Patrick's

Ar m

Mark's Church was buil.t as a Chapel. of ease to St.

at~

of the County of

is a native

.bas emerged from its

Obsenatory

time

for the first

Ar m

Armagh.

ag h

the Director

history,

nt y

Ar m

that it gives me much

say

to remind you that at present,

pleasure

down the

the Directors

to discuss

I have only time to

1790.

Prebendary of Mullabrack and

Ar m

centuries

he was the

of th~ newly founded Armagh Observatory

Much as I would like

It.

ag h

year he was appointed

died November 20, 1815.

in its

duties

his clerical

Observatory

of a private

ag h m

Director

In that

Cookstown, where besides

near

of Kildress,

here in the North as rector

possessor

the church,

degrees and entering

took various

eventually

arrived

to T.O.D., where he

.Afterwards he continued

six years.

Hamilton, who had reached the school at the tender age of

us eu m

\,...

Member of Parliament

eu m

Leonard Dobbin, afterwards

founder,

in honour of its

was named Dobbin Street,

Thie thoroughfare

1838, whose house

for the Borough of Armagh from 1833 until

an amenity made possible

of the Very Reverend

his death in

ou nt y

nt y

ag h

This was aoqui.red and a

and

Ar m

usefulness,

landscape.

waterworks at Seagahan, quite apart from their pron.de us with a pic~esque

the present

acquired

Other sou.roes were subsequently

Ar m

the oit7 were of wood bored by water driven machinery.

ou nt

pipes conveying this water to the houses in

The

excavated which was fed with water from the Folly

Ar m

reservoir

at the top of Folly Lane, one of the

to the "Flowery Vale".

entrances

nt y

At the time the bequest came into being, a small tract

Ar m

Viscount Primrose in 1738 and di.ed in 1775.

of land was available

river

by the She

Rhysbrack in the old Cathedral.

sculptor

married the third

recJ1n1ng statue

is a beautiful.

Ar m

celebrated

ou nt

ag h

Dean of Armagh 1691, until Peter Primrose, [Drelincourt]

us eu m

was the daughter

us eu m

Primrose.

of Viscountess

1722, to whom there

ag h

housing sites

in Dobbin's Flowery Vale close to the water supply,

of our earliest

Lady Primrose

nt ou C h

and is sited

through the will

TRUSTESTATE THEFOLLYHOUSING

This is one of the most attractive

the city site

by and by.

visit

we shall

in Scotch Street

us eu m

Barracks THEMILITARY

Office and provides

accommodation for the Spring and Winter Assizes,

Barracks were built

These particular

repair.

due to the Courthouse being under

of affairs

a state

suitable

eu m

the Crown Solicitor's

block serves

empty but one

are at present

Barracks

The Milltary

1773 and

eu M

us eu m

ou nt

ou nt y

M took

nt y

that formerly

to the Prison Square to function

ftley continued

nt y

were diverted Square).

exterior.

(local.l.y known as Jail

been demolished.

Ar m

opening the executions

place on Gallows Hill

gave name to Barrack

a pleasing

FollowiDg its

It bas quite

1782.

ag h

which I have

is now covered by the Prison

Ar m

erected

site

1736 Barracks

1715 and were

barracks

These two barracks

one side of whioh bas recently

Street,

us eu m

ag h

ag h m

already mentioned.

hill-top

1736 by a larger

The first

barracks.

earlier

of were built

that we have any record

replaced

There were, of course,

ou nt

man to be hanged

Ar m

Flanagan

~he last

wu Joseph Fee of Monaghan who murdered James murder It was a most revolting ~ the same t01fJ1.

.Armagh

Yard.

Ar m

took place in the Prison

Ar m

in public up to 1886 and the Gallows were adorned by a grim Since that date the executions replica of a skull in iron.

the third occasion he Jur, cliu.greed twioe, but~ wu tO\UUI pil.'117. He :paid. the extreme penalty on the and the

1814.

to have been erected

give the name of Barrack Hill to a long row of houses sai.d

us eu m

morning of December 28, 1904.

eu m

on Rocque's Map of

to official

1760, in which year according

Nothing is known of its

it is portrayed

other than that

origin

site.

the Prison

Mall opposite

eu us eu m

ag h

been removed.

that has recently

entrance

the for an

Thomas Cooley, who was also responsible

elegant

Ar m

~or the new Palace he chose as his architect cel.ebrated

it was better

nt y

that

considered

ag h

on a new site.

but Primate Robinson found it in

nt y

and ruthtly

Ar m

bad repair rebuild

Ar m

in English Street

an older and small.er Pal.ace

There was, of course,

situate

d~.

ou nt y

down to the present

Primates

us eu m

mansion which has since been the residence

dignified

of successive

ou nt

of this

ag h

In 1770 Archbishop Richard Robinson began the erection

ou nt

which

building,

1n fact 111 e:z:aotly what happened.

Cooley's

it might spoil

by Francis

Johnston who feared

out most unwillingly

fhi.e was carried

Ar m

Palace.

Ar m

Later during the Primacy of Archbishop Lord John George storey and a porch was added to the Beresford an additional

ROAD THENEWRY THE PALACE

it was

records

removed by order of the Corporation.

of the

at one time adorned a portion

prehistoric,

possibly

mound,

to record that a large

In passirui: I would like

-&-.

us eu m

j,o,o

eu m

1810 or 1820.

They have

been taken over and remodelled

into offices

as if they might be circa

Council who indeed deserve our

preservation

ou nt y

nt y

ag h

nt y

sent some to Engl.and with her

'that Lady Anne Beresford

holy wells,

It is reputed

was said to have been the best in Ireland.

to the throne in 1837.

she axed for

Ar m

un1uolcy' for the poor oul.d

tarrably

1fU8

noh a well we .bave ill London, and vith that lna:t 1 t

!he divll

up again Your Grace.

Ar m

an• thea said fill

of it,

that - "the Queen ehe hed a glass

!he etory relates

ou nt

upon her accession

to Queen Victoria

Ar m

the Lord Primate when he went to pay his respects

brother

anotu:r

by hundreds

fluttered

commonwith many other Irish

Ar m

!he water,

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

overhung by giant

It was formerly

breeze.

was equally

to tradition

from which rage of aJ.l. colours

the passing

but according

ills.

Ar m

thorns,

ag h m

good for all

It was chiefly

are sometimes paid.

visits

used for eye troubles

us eu m

in pa.et days and

avenue, has been a place of pilgrimage even yet secret

Well, a couple of hundred yards up the

St. Brigid's

unchanged.

faoade of the three houses -remains practically

original

scheme whereby the

the Armagh Rural District best thanks for their

for

recently

but indeed look

18th century

said to have been very late

entrance

group of houses facin,Q: this

The little

us eu m

tO I

Primate, for his coachman, that was an ornament to his

eu m

and the wonder of Europe for his good looks of him

carriage

desarted Hie Grace for the Queen.

It wud have been better

if he'd stayed at home".

country to the

by Archbishop Richard Robinson

us eu m

with views across

situated

The monument was erected

the

ag h

(who by then had become Lord Rokeby) to perpetuate

nt y

of the MALL

Ar m

THB East side

completed in 1789.

of his which has survived was

ag h

Ar m

to a letter

and according

us eu m

Johnston of Armagh

Obelisk was designed by Francis

Ar m

of Armagh

to archbishopric

of Kildare

from the bishopric

translated

ou nt y

ag h

ou nt

through whose 1nfiuence Robinson had been

of Ireland)

memory of the Duke of Northumberland (then Lord Lieutenant

in 1818 1n a

!he Armagh Savings Bank was established

and

whist drives,

of the

m Ar

aenta.

concerts,

other ....

plays,

Ar m

oatur;J as regards

half

u:n

ot the 18th century and indeed for the first

ou nt

in the cl.osiJl8 years

activities

for social

llllOh 1JL daand

Ar m

room 1n the ol.d Armagh Tontine or Assembly Rooms, a buil.ding

roads coming into the city and is

mountains on the Tyrone Derry border.

Sperrin

magnifi.cently

a landmark from several

This very handsome Obelisk that you see on the h111 is

,te.

us eu m

lo~

to move to its

position

present

eu m

so it became necessary

room and

single

The Savings Bank soon outgrew its

us eu m

about

ou nt

This group of houses was built

better

ou nt y

1879 and was named in honour of Miss Hartford,

us eu m

ag h

Place.

example of the craftsmanship

is a tine

of 130 years ago. Hartford

ag h

Johnston and well known in Armagh and

Bui1 t in 1838 it

was William Murray, a

for the architect

nephew of Francis

known

occup&J3.tat

h ag

Ar m

Moore who al.as leaves us very

the moment is Mr Patrick

ou nt

thought of as homes

Its most interestin8

rather tmm containers.

1834 is a good example

Ar m

of a period when houses were still

nt y

circa

are somewhat noisy.

Bt. Mark's Place built

character

pupils

present

coapleteJ.y and its

have changed its

Ar m

alterations

a place of some architect-

It was orig1naJJy

in 1818.

ural. merit but recent

shortly

as a school by Archbishop

was erected

next buildin8

ag h

Stuart

Infirmary.

nt y

Ar m

to Armachians as the wife of Surgeon Palmar of the County

Ar m

would expect,

Dublin.

which indeed is what one

in which it was erected,

period

example of the

it is an attractive

As a building

available.

where space for a dwelling house as well as a Bank became

us eu m

ANDLIBRARY MUSEUM THECOUNTY

This buildinp; was erected

eu m

The architect Johnston

Francis

for it was the celebrated

us eu m

ou nt

ou nt y

ag h

was acquired

Natural

Armagh

body dating

a local

in existence.

In 1930 the building

Ar m

it to the

Society,

and Philosophical

to 1839 and still

presented

generosity

ag h

characteristic

Archbishop of Armagh, who with

Lord John George Beresford,

History

trustees

of Charlemont and Gosford sold the premises to

the Earls

however, became redundant and its

The school,

back

by the Armagh County

!his took a couple of years and resulted

the

for Northern Ireland

11937•

nt y

of Education

minister

Ar m

openiDg of the Armagh County Museum by Viscount Charlemont,

nt y

Society's

museum

ag h

to raTive the Natural History and Philosophical

Council for 1 ta County Library and in 1935 it was decided

Ar m

kind of enlargement

Ar m

clispoaal aXld it was decided that sou

Ar m

Abercorn opened our new extension

wae n.eoeaaary so in. September 1962, . His Grace the Duke of

At thia peint I think I might mention that in 1854

ou nt

1960, however, the Museumhad exhausted the space at its

Murray.

and

completion by his nephew William

used for its

subsequently

whose design had been drawn up a few years earlier

us eu m

responsible

subscriptions.

by public

supported

at first

1833 as a school and was

us eu m

\oA . Cattle

The Grand National

Show was held on the Mall, an

eu m

ae also annual

like to say a few words about the Mall. should Now I Racing] [Horse

race-

course and Borough Records show that the Corporation

members

used for that

ou nt y

nt y

ou nt

as we know that was the

to enclose that part of the Commonsof Armagh.

ot the then plenn1ng is shown on Rocque's Map of

!he reeul.t

As far

Ar m

att•pt

appear in the Borough Minutes

fi.rat

as to di ditches

unde.r 4ate J'IUle 15, 1742.

for the

then erected

Particulars

eto.

of the sport.

the enclosure

Ar m

cont1nuation

space outside

sufficient

of the race-course,

the boundaries

leaving

within

decided to enclose

the Corporation

Ar m

lying

the part

gates

ou nt

Bl.even years later

ag h

Ar m

the course.

for stands and booths on

and fixed prices

or prize

towards a

and :Freemen of the city

Ar m

Burgesses plate

Records

date than 1731 , in which year the Sovereign,

of earlier

ag h

purpose is unknown owing to the loss of Corporation

us eu m

The actual

sport.

however, on which the ground wae first

date,

us eu m

in that particular

ag h

were very interested

:From the middle of the 17th century it was the local

races.

Point-to-Point

1835 onwards and Armagh Showe continue

show medals from

in the museum we have local

For instance

shows in Armagh.

cattle

earlier

There were, of course,

at Balmoral.

fixture

event comparable to the present

us eu m

the Commonswithin the Race

portrays

1760, which clearly

eu m

was then devoid of houses and simply known as

of course,

The area,

and Winning Posts.

Course, as aJ.so the Starting

us eu m

encampments and

to a

adjuncts

ou nt

undignified

us eu m

nuisances,

ag h town.

that he considered

It is possible

the gipsy and tinker

riots,

other disagreeable cathedral

or not is a matter on which we

information.

the subsequent

ag h

have little

followed the races

that

and drinking

cockfighting

for some days, offensive

the free fights,

Whether he found the bull baiting,

gambling,

Armagh.

At any rate in 1773 he leased the Commons

ou nt y

of the city and

nt y

Ar m

upon the lands

to trespass

them of the liberty

therein.

to use the walks but

allowed the citizens

This

race course.

as the local

arrangement

deprived

career

ag h

thus ended its

them as Public Walk for the inhabitants

Ar m

to the Sovereign and Burgesses for the purpose of utilizing

Ar m

ou nt

by a date stone at the base of the west 1829-30

Ocmti.alling ve pass Charlemont Place erected

ot the central. gate facing the Courthouse.

Ar m

pillar

be verified

and~

Thie was compl.eted in 1798

Ar m

Mall vae enclosed by a wall.

In 1797 during the Primacy of Archbishop Newcome the

from the See of Kildare to the Archbishopric

translated

date Dr. Richard Robinson was

that

after

Shortly

the "Course" or "Commons".

us eu m

present

to have been twice its

was intended

This terrace

eu m

Had it been completed it would have been one of

length.

us eu m it was

they were being erected

us eu m

ou nt

took place in

This eventually

from Armagh to Belfast.

ag h

the Northern Commandwas about to be moved

ag h

rumoured that

that whilst

is the fact

on the subject.

The reason for five houses taking the place of nine

than Armagh.

ou the old

m Ar ©

Most of

Row.

Ar m

ou nt

Ar m

along Beresford

Now let us continue

Volunteers,

with many

in the family vault

of Caulfeilds

nt y

or .Armagh Regiment

and Commander in Chief of the Irish

cathedral.

Ulster

Colonel of the First

who was born in 1728, died in 1799, and rests

generations

Captain of the 1st Armagh Company of Irish

of Volunteers

4th Viscount and 1st Earl of

Ar m

Volunteers,

nt y

of Charlemont, born 1775, died 1863,

son of James Caulfeild, Charlemont,

William

2nd Earl

its name from Francis

ag h

Caulfeild,

derives

Ar m

was more troublesome The terrace

ou nt y

1843 and was due to the fact that the then town of Belfast

Ar m

Author of

Sir Albert was a very real

many books on architecture

authority

in Bath".

there was nothing better

period

its

"of

group and saying that

this

to Armagh, surveying

too few

on one of his all

remember Sir Albert Richardson, visits

I well

the moat imposing groups of houses in the North.

us eu m

1:5.

a highway that derives

ag h

us eu m

C h

ou nt

nt y

now move along the west side where ve shall

!his was a coapliment

paid

tbe who1e area of the Mall.

once incl\Uled

Ar m ©

Lord Rokeby in 1777

to .Archbishop Robinson when he was created

ou nt

Ar m

as Rokeby Green", a term that

a smal.J. group of houses known to our

see in eucoeasion

)T the citizens

"V.B. 1825

Ar m

inscribed

nt y

than the beg1nn1ng of the 19th

One bears a date-stone

Few of the houses

situation.

ag h

are earlier

Ve shall

reeidenters

present

Ar m

moved 1n 1774 to its

the school

after

came into being shortly

College Street

century.

ou nt y

Ar m

Ireland".

us eu m

as the "Eton of

the College and sometimes indeed described

in the street

known as

It was then and for long after

ag h

in Abbey Street.

name from the days when the Royal. School was situate

have

the west side of the Mall we shall

into

a hasty glimpse of College Street,

of Army Colours,

Uniforms, Medals, etc.

Passing

its

which certain1y

planned display

enhances the carefully

merit

of architectural

an atmosphere of the past,

it retains

Portraits,

regimental

It is now occupied by

in a building

Situate

museum.

house

and is a most attractive

Fusiliers

Royal Irish

1809 and was the first

side of the Mall.

on this

built

eu m

however, was erected

No.1,

1810-1830.

circa

were built

the houses therein

us eu m

lo~

eu m

occurred

in 1837.

•split•

The

Congregation.

Presbyterian

from the First

off-shoot

Church, an

we pass the Mall Presbyterian

On the right

for a new church was

A site

opened.

pr.ocured in 1839 and by Februa.ry 1840 it was officia.J.ly

us eu m

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

nt y

Ar m

were well

ou nt

ag public,

launnl on the roads of the Borth.

and

Ar m

private

Keenan named it the Royal

coaches,

nt y

Philip

its

and about to be

and possibl.7 most important

Ar m

in the city its host,

1Ulder which Utle

ag h

Ar m

1811 now alas derelict

Once the busiest

into

one of .Armagh's old

where we find on our left

bu1l. t circa

left

turning

Street,

with a

to the end of the Mall and proceed to

formerly known as Templenafertagh

demolished

building

from which we make our way into Scotch Street

Barrack Street

hotels,

Church to advantage.

Presbyterian

spire.

Bow we continue

Dobbin Street

of England.

Prime Minister

Bl11lt in 1879 it is a most attractive gracetul

ou and later

Here we see the First

particularly

Lord John Russell,

and Lord Melbourne, a former Irish

of Irel.and,

of State

Secretary

statesmen,

ou nt

warm friend

ag h

remembrance of two English

so called

Melbourne Terrace,

and

Street

pass Russell

C h

a former Governor of Canada, and continuing

Earl of Gosford,

1837, named in honour of the second

circa

Gosford Place built

we pass

Street

On the same side before crossing Russell

us eu m

-i:i.

eu m

eye should be kept upon it.

the town and a strict

it is already

that does not seem to have been adopted by

M date

in a

C h

make our way into Thomas

Ar m

ou nt

by the Bradford

!hey came into beil:J&in 1759 in which

opened by the Sovereign and Burgesses

year they were formally

!rhe

nt y

as 1762.

we shall

nt y

recently

Ar m

owned until

older Yarn

surV'ives incorporated

ad Ogle Streets.

stone of th _e Dobbin Yarn Hall

h-Oll Dobbin Street

It replaced

as early

at least

Ar m

Hall that was in being

original

from its

in the same year by

ag h

Leonard Dobbin of Scotch Street.

us eu m

ou nt y

Ar m

The Yarn Hall nearby was erected

family.

ou nt

h Street.

had its

Street

from Linenhall

arch removed recently

in Linenhall

CODllllercial.building

us eu m

ag h

entrance

A third

Ar m

ag h

iron work which was sold by the Urban

handsome stone-built position

A second entrance

cupola and clock.

remains with its

had some very fine

Council.

Stuart

enclosed market of which only the chief

in 1820 bUil t an

entrance

in the

of the next century that Archbishop William

beginning

was so brisk

markets of the north and business

Armagh

In the 18th century

was one of the great linen

other towns in the county.

an u8l,y feature

footpath,

pumps overhanging its

of petrol

superabundance

by a

old character

its

losing

Unfortunately

streets

is one of the more pleasing

Dobbin Street

us eu m

l )0 ,

way down Irish

us eu m

route and also opened a new way into

ag h

Street

us eu m

Ve now move into lower Irish

ag h

hill.

ou nt

level

and the west thus avoiding the Callan Street

Street

Callan

enabled commerce to enter and leave the

The new street

town by a fairly

and make its

Castle Street,

road to the Fews.

arrive

and quickly

nt y

ou nt

week.

bodies hanging from the

it was not unusual to see several Gallows for perhaps

by the

Following the Spring and Winter Assizes

Ar m

inhabitants.

Ar m

local

in the days when executions

out in public and were well attended

were carried

Ar m

that once led to Gallows Hill

of our

at a laneway

we find ourselves

afterwards

ag h

city churches.

Immediately

ou nt y

and is one of the most pleasing

architecture

1n Irish

that embodies old traditions

in 1935, an edifice

and erected

Ar m

at the Church of St. Malachy'splanned by Ashlin and Coleman

Ar m

for the south had to surmount Market

traffic

all

and out to Gallows Hill by what was known as the old

Street

had so far been achieved in the city.

that

enter

Street,

eu m

of Armagh was one of the moat useful.

from the centre

Previously

of approach and exit

Thie new line

inhabitants.

the chief

amenities

by the Mace Bearers and accompanied by

attended

of the city

us eu m

l } \, 17th century the Gallows figure

From the very early

eu m

man to be executed

who was employed by a Scott of that gentleman of his wife.

ou nt

ag h

us eu m

that

Later it was found that the

might happen to aeybody.

PreJ.ate

Archbishop

Ar m

to Dublin in 1852 and died

Cullen was, however, translated

Archbishop Crolly as Primate of A,magh in 1849.

ou nt

Ar m

where he remained for many years eventual.ly succeeding

in 1878.

nt y

Irish

the first

of Dr. Paul Cullen,

came to Armagh in 1861 through

Dr. Cullen was born in ever to have been ma.de a Cardinal. Co. Kildare in 1so:,. Re was sent at an early age to Rome

there

nt y

ag h

that

School,

Brothers

to the Christian

Ar m

the influence

service

the gallows

Ar m

decorated

From here we continue

an educational.

the unfortunate

in those days was death,

Ar m

so Scott again brought him to court and as

punishment for theft lover quickly

ou nt y

had not alone taken bis wife but had stolen Scott's

best waistcoat

the case

decided an elopement was an accident

ag h

enraged husband took the man to court but lost because the jury

The

us eu m

Umgola, and had deprived

that the last

states

man

C h

Tradition

there was a servant

People in those days were hanged for trifli?lg

offences.

offender

their

made speeches to crowds regarding

their execution crimes.

those who before

especially

by the people,

with

Some of them

outlaws and highwaymen.

certain notorious were idolized

association

because of their

folklore

in local

largely

us eu m

a,. abode of the school was a house in Lower

eu m

ot the

from the faet that on the 18th

ou nt

Yi th the faaoue Buck Whaley,

linked

street

Whaley's Buildings

dten

iJlsoribed

1n this

fM7

features

1773

rt'tll. a date etou

Ar m

.&notur of the more interestiJJC 1a a tenaoe

1227, King Henry the Third wrote to Luke Netterville, the then Archbishop of .Armagh asking for a site in the city fine was duly of a castle". "fit for the fortification is still k:nOlfJl• and its situation erected 8114 garrisou4

Jamiary,

ag h

name

old streets

its

practical.J.Jr

another Richard Whittington.

is one of the really

Ar m

city and derives

and

nt y

Ar m

one of his descendants,

Castle Street

us eu m

in 1689 by Richard Whittington

were erected

Ar m

to Castle Street

in 1789.

fh.ey

may be preserved.

the entrance

ou nt y

a group of two houses facing

Ye do, however, hope that

ou nt

are now alas being

thoroughfare

ag h

demolished.

us M

ag h

this an interesting

houses that once made

old stone-built

us eu m

UPPER IRISH STREET

C h

in the city.

The attractive

rebuilt

educationa.l

and are now one of the most important

establishments

Green Park where they have prospered

1862 they acquired exceedingly

as temporary school rooms.

for a time were utilized

which

who also provided them with some empty stores

family

by the Gribben

loaned to the "Brothers"

Street

Irish

nt y

The first

-r.1:.

us eu m

I\':>. but he was then a minor

character

notorious

a rather

in the hands of his trustees.

eu m

and the property

us eu m

one of the

history

School on our l.eft.

Yidov of Dr. Peter

Drelincourt

Buil.t Drelincourt

1n 1744 by Mrs

to Navan

Ar m

passing

Street,

ag h

Ve nov ma)ce our way down Primrose Hill

way

nt y

past.

its

Ar m

vith

alas time does not permit me dealing in any detailed

but

It had a lOD8 interesting

1n the year 919.

Armagh

Ar m

Dean of Armaghtro111691 to 1722, in which year he died. lJ'l passing I shoul.d perhaps mention that some years

Rhysbrack

Ar m

wwlc of the faaous sculptor

ah• erected

what is perhaps one of the •oat iatereeti.Dg 18th century aon\UUl'ltB 1n the ol.d cathedral.. It depict• tile Dean in a r•ol1n1ng position and is the earlier

ou nt

ag h

of the Culdees

that firet ·appears 1n

orders,

religious

Ar m

Priory

site

we have another ancient

In this same street

which sat the ancient

is now covered by a modern

ou nt y

sohool.

ag h

ago and the site

some years

nt keystones

inscribed

This was demolished

dated 1752.

from two sides by doorways with

ou nt

ou C

entered

originally

chapel

roofed building

treble

an interesting

of St. Malachy

of the early

the site

church of St. Brigid and the much later

medieval

earlier

lies

to Ogle Street,

us eu m

Street

Castle

nt y

In Chapel Lane, a narrow roadway leading down from

us eu m

a. days was

into what in earlier

We now turn right

eu m

known as the Nursery Road, so named because of its mideighteenth century nurseries which were well lmown all

of the old hi~hway lmown as

says St. Patrick the "Green Road" by which tradition The story as chronicled reached Armagh in 445 A.D.

nt y

side walls for the

niches in its

h ag

te the north.

ou nt

Ar m

1f• 8haJ.l. aow talc• the na4

one branchin&

refuge of foot passeD8ers who might chance to meet a horse but nowadays they amabereou carriage or skittish g are -only oocupie4 by fishermen or an. occasional. courtin couple [Old Callan Bridge]

nt y

and

Built with a high

north and west.

it has convenient

us eu m

ag h

old roadway

Ar m

south and the others

a place of pilgrimage

still

on the a1ope below are three

old roadway

Well

Ar m

St. Patrick's

centre

ou nt y

throw of that venerable

Within a stone's

ou nt

district.

lies

Ar m

ag h

of the fact.

It is indeed well lmown to that a trackway from the south brought him antiquarians to the banks of the Callan River, which he forded and seek made his way to the ancient fort on the hill above to the a site for a church from Daire, the then chieftain of bears evidence

ag h

which we can see a portion

the Callan Bridge from

approaching

Now we are fast

over the north.

us eu m

eu m

in a dramatic

change in design. Day

on St. Patrick's

stone was laid

The foundation

us eu m

ou nt

1873•

us eu m

it was not opened until

ag h

completion,

ag h

This resulted

Dr. 1840, by the then Archbishop, the Most Reverend Due to the tragic William Crolly, who alas died in 1849. archfamine of 1847 and the deaths of two succeeding in its bishops who were unable to take an active part

in 1904.

M h

m Ar ©

Ar m

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

for the eleven white marble statutes

was reepon.s1ble

Ar m

Logue.

nt y

He adorned the walls with the figured mosaics which may be seen to heat advantage in g, Bllbjects of the crossing and in the painted ceilin His first perhaps the finest feature of the cathedral. In quick work was the beautiful. Rood Screen in 1889. es. auooeesion followed Altars in the choicest marbl in his efforts and Outside he was equal.ly indefatigable energy of Cardinal

completion to the

owes its

DISBJlificent interior

consecration

by its

nt y

ou nt y

Its

conclusion

to a successful.

Ar m

Archbishop Dixon (1852-1866), Archbishop McGettigan scheme (1870-1887) and Cardinal Logue finally brought the

Ar m

whose early and untimely death, the work by J. J. McCarthy, another well-known Irish

was continued

of it was Thomas J.

for the building

The architect

architect.

the sky.

against

on an eminence outlined

Duff, followillg

with the new cathedral

on our right

shall find the river

the Apostles

us eu m

l \ 6,

door of the facade.

above the central

eu m

died 19th November 1924.

achievement in Ireland

Mr. McCarthy's final

scheme.

was,

us eu m

is the

on our right

on a hill

situated

feature

ag h

Delightfully

The latter

ou C h

tower.

central

however, omitted

ou nt y

Ar m

of the Nuns, a

Superioress

whom he had met in Rome.

us eu m

ou nt

to Madam Barat,

application

lady

ag h

Shortly after Convent of the Nuns of the Sacred Heart. Dr. Paul Cullen became Archbishop of Armagh he made

.l few Nuns came over 1n

nt y

Ar m

!rhey later 1851 who opened schools 1n Abbey Street. old took up residence 1n the Pavilion, an interesting

view

ou nt

nt y

pleasant

with a really countryside.

element

origin but the Irish

Ar m

!he Order was French

Convent was

rounded hill

olcl town and the adjoining

predomillated troa the very b,_g1nn1ng though a

llae larcel,y

ag h

Dixon the present

the kind

buil.t on a nicely ·of tu

1n the year 1859 through

of archbishop

assistance

afterwards

Shortly

Ar m

Regency house in enclosed grounds but as it was held on lease they had to move in 1854 to Charlemont Place.

Ar m

carry a great

planned to

crossing

design and the beautiful

interior

owes its

the edifice

architect,

To Mr. Duff, the original

on the two architects concerned.

credit

great

and reflects

the 19th century

architectural

was the most outstanding

of the cathedral

The building

25.

us eu m

IJ7 few French and German Sisters

for teaching

were attached

eu m

those languages.

and

Mother Croft may be claimed as the foundress

her twenty-

During

us eu m

of the

ou nt

schools flourish

!he Convent audits

and Nuns of

ou nt y

ag h

new wing was bull t in 1885.

us eu m

in her bands and by her exertions

entirely

ag h

for business.

as head of the community the welfare

Convent rested

good Scots combined piety with a.

all

aptitude

three years

a large

C h

remarkable

M nt y

C h

and immediately on our J.eft we

in 1837 by

m Ar ©

cOD111only

Ar m

:t1m4 a haadeoae early 19th century building It was erected bcnm u tu Blind asylum

ou nt

workable.

tr&Tel. right

but stil.l

Ar m

reaoclel.J.ed, of course,

Ye An

of the Manor of

in the early years of the 17th century,

Armagh built

the old mills

J.eaving on our left

Ar m

road

:from here we pass out into the old Armagh-Dungannon

population

of the Catholic

early

nt y

classes

Aragh.

social

work expended in its

ag h

daye for all

on the self-sacrificing

pride

Ar m

the Arma8hConvent of the Sacred Heart can look back with

Ar m

who like

a Mother Gordon, a native

in the Convent Chronicles,

.Another Nun's memory is also enshrined

in her heavy task.

Scotland

She was, however, successful

and pupils.

for her schools

accommodation

time finding

she bad indeed a difficult

.,_

us eu m

JI£

Lord John George Beresford as a Hospital. at

Archbishop

towns generally•

1854 such hospi tal.s were seldom

of Jacob Macan it became

so under the will

for the purpose of an Asylum for the Blind.

avail.able

in use,

in our

of Fever were plentiful

eu m

when outbreaks

a period

the Shambles Market,

The Market contains

yard.

an elegant

This gift

clock tower.

topped by a cupola-type

ag h m

building

we find on our right

with an enclosed

us eu m

nt y

ou nt

. , treasurer •

b• fo'lm4-

Robert Livingstone

nave reached £1,500, but

Ar m

£2,074 has yet to

design and

card and Coffee Rooms of elegant

already subsoriptions

It will have

Ar m

Sovereign Thomas Macan Bsq.

stone was laid by the

chosen when the foundation

!ea,

to superintend

of the New Tontine Assembly Rooms met on the

site

ag h

the building

that

reporting

a notice

the Committee appointed

Ar m

last,

News-

!he Belfast

of the city.

centre

Letter of March 16, 1794 carries •on hiday

ou nt y

Ar m

once the social

of some antiquity

we find a building

!Towon the right

and

to that area.

adjunct

Ar m

from a pleasant

mart and is far

yard has become a cattle

its

Unfortunately

ou nt

ag h

was given to the town by Lord John George Beresford in 1827.

Street

into Lower

before continuing

the same side just

English

for some worthy purpose.

utilized

us eu m

It is now no longer in use and should certainly

us eu m

21!1.

introduced

ou nt y

!hese seem to have been first

theatricals.

ag h

The Tontine of 1794 was often in use for private •

us eu m

twenty miles of

ou nt

dances

us eu m

ag h

any family within

and was •1111ng to attend .Armagh.

with the 11.ost fashionable

Kelly was al.ways eupplied

into

us M

ou nt

Ar m

for exhauatin&

aote I have foUlld is an

of the baptism of George son

registers

nt y

Ar m

parish

urliest

1a ..

Armagh 1n

in auitabl.e premises

tlle perio4 necessary

to thea fe of plays.

pJ.ay1ng

Ar m

•t17

centUJ7 ad

were visiting

tllilir non

than any evidence

aftila'b1•

is earlier

strol.l.illf. players

the Jlid-eighteeath

at Lurgan in the

the City of Armagh •

I can produce regartiag that •• know

.....

of cov•e,

!bis,

in Ireland

ag h

Ar m

year 1759. that

theatrical•

private

nt y

1794 who· 1• eredi ted with having eommenoed

fl'Oa 175'.5 until. the first

Ar m

County Armagh by the Right Jkmb1e. William Brownlow of Lurgan of the county who was born in 1726, an4 ..-aa a representative

the second assembly would be on Wednesday 22nd inst. Balls to be continued in the second and last the Cotillion At the same time we learn that Mr. Monday in each month.

Rooms that

to the Armagh Assembly

informed the subscribers

respecttul.ly

most

of June 14 of that year a Mr. Kelly

:sel:tast Newsletter

eu m

amenity is said to have replaced an earlier Tontine alao cal1ed tbe Assembly Rooms• That seems to have been in A.cco-..n~ use as early as 1785. •~ ...- t o an advertisement in the !bis

2e.

us eu m

1io

ou nt

nt y

ou nt

ag m

Ar ©

Ar m

of Tynan, Co. Armagh,

local landowner who was Prebendary

six.

by the Very Rev. John Averill,

ag h

once

Known to many generations

Ar m

that

Armachians as the Seven Houses it now only sports houses were erected the

etc.

dances,

to a terrace

the street

of seven houses.

nt y

presumably the Ball

of the 19th century when

the beginning

Ve now look across

us eu m

ou nt y

Supper Room,

parties,

rooms for private

Ar m

into

apartments,

1n the year 1908 it became the City Hall.

consisted

us eu m

Ar m

Room and the smaller continued

way in which it

Mention is also made of its

News Room and other

credit

great

reflecting

of the satisfactory

Ar m

Public

ag h

was conducted.

yea:r as an

in that

and is described

because

well

In 1861 it was still

of imposing appearance

on the trustees

was using

as 1841 the Armagh Musical Society

locally

establishment

ag h

in 1828 and improvements made,

were appointed

supported

the Assembly Rooms.

to enlarge

Assembly Room for Concerts.

its

of Armagh".

to the Theatre

both

Miss Peterson,

to the agreeable

By 1821 it was decided

eu m

Armagh, Mr. Leslie

and, as early

Church of

a few days ago in the Cathedral

reads married

For instance

of June 17, 1783

News Letter

news item in the Belfast

source also.

is a useful

The Press

New Trustees

his wife

1757.

on 28 January

belonging

and Annabella abella

player,

a strolling

of Samuel Geina,

us eu m

'2..)

year.

eu m

1771, becoming Bishop of Limerick in that

:tro• 1765 until

for his seven

by Dean Averill

~e houses were erected

and were provided with accommodation for horses and carriages, pleasure grounds, kitchen gardens, etc., and each of the town for provision

Mrs. Andrews, mother of

us eu m

ou nt y

Ar m

fo\md1ng and endowing the Dunsink Observatory. house was destroyed some dozen years !hat particular

Nsides

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

Francis

ag h

of Trinity

sister

Andrews who during his term as .Provost bui1t the present .Provost's House and was for the present west front of the University,

the celebrated responsible

house in the group was No.1 in

the Dean's eldest

which lived

ou nt

ag m

Ar ©

laou••bafl

Ar m

-av

bafl paid. too hi&hlY for that amenity. 4u to its development bea lleetrey.a

,eople feel that••

lee

Ar m

nt y

but

It is a utility •• ahal.l look at the new Post Office. of what one might call the container type. type building aeooaaociaUon vaa, of courae, necessary but ~ dfioe

ti.ret

nt y

for Abbey Street

Ar m

1n its preservation. people interested Ye ehall. now leave English Street

ag h

a fire

that only consumed the upper part of the stairLater it was demolished caee, the attics and the roof. sound despite the protests of many local tiaoach structurally

aeo b7

Ar m

house had lands on the outskirts of hay, oats, grazing, etc. !rhe most interesting

sisters

us eu m

including

an o1d Presbyterian

Manse erected in the year

eu m

1769 which bad a storey added in 1807 and was remodelled and re-x:oofed in 1848, l!'ortunately its church, erected

1608,

Ar m lirst

james the

ou nt

be made a

as the RoyalSchool of Armagh,

cndJ:lcto 1-t• foundation 'by

nt y

and that one

h ag

should

Ar m

mownperhaps

.Armagh

passed to the School of Armagh,

school house !bis site later

that a Free School

Ar m

the town of

of the Friaries

8, 1610 (1611)

dated January

we find that it •was then thought fit llh.oul.d ~ . placed within

nt y

Counties,

ag h

Ar m

concerning lands for towns and schools

in the Escheated

of the sites

of the Lord Deputy and Plantation

commissioners

better

us eu m

ou nt y

Columba's Church in a very ruined condition,

Ar m

of the City of Armagh made in the year 1602

and under •orders

and again 1n the Four Masters 1n

ou nt

ag h

of Ulster

J. map

shova St.

endowments but was

It is ~entioned 1n the year 1010 1n

ag h m

the Annals 1152

church seems to have had little

of some antiquity.

Church of St. Columba.

us eu m

of the old Collegiate

!his

Church of 1722, we find

the site

the old Presbyterian

and almost

C h

hand side of Abbey Street

opposite

stands.

the right

of Poat Office development

still

so therefore

the orbit

in 1722, was outside

us eu m

123

In the Civil

to have· been a

of that

of Queen

In that

Commissioners made a survey of the parishes

ou nt y

year Cromwell's

ou nt

1657 and a new headmaster appointed.

ag h

Yollowing the Civil War, the school was rebuilt

the year

years

us eu m

nt ou

ag h

He had pre'Viously been in the service the Yirst.

man

as a grave man of above fourscore

Elizabeth

aaid

and parts and, in the Depositions

period is described

C h

Ar ©

known as

the town still

Later it was

. the Duke of Schomberg who had some troops by OOOU.pied

just outside

ou nt

to ever visit

Ar m

Araagh, stayed in it on his way to Derry.

Xing

as the Head Inn in 1689, when

:ting James the Second, the only British

quartered on a hill

ag h

kn.own

of Abbey Street

was

Yith Dawson street

at the junction

nt y

A house on the right

site

pr.sent

Archbishop Robinson removed it to its

in 1774.

school in

and remained in

establishment

was a much larger

Ar m

use until

!his

Ar m

1708.

by a new and much enlarged

Ar m

of 1657 was replaced

rebuilding

!bis

B7 that date the school was again in use.

nt y

Ar m

of the county wherein we find the name of the then headmaster.

good pa:-entage

Starkey ~ Y is

lives.

ou their

us eu m

the first

John Starkey

of age.

and on that t ra g1 c occasioii headmaster with his two daughters

of Sir Phelim O Neill

by order

lost

sacked

War of 1642 Armagh was thoroughly

until

eu m

does not seem t o have been ready for pupils · circa 1614-15,

fhe school

us eu m

'2·

and is now known as the Protestant

Hall.

eu m

continue up Abbey Street

and at the Archbishop

Hall we are alongside the site of the

Alexander Memorial

b .. n rebuilt Ve

in question bas since those days

The building

Legar Hill.

better

kn.ownas St. Malachy, was educated .

Xalaohy O Morgair,

ancient Abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul in whose walls at 28 years

He became Bishop

ou nt

alld. died 1n Bernard's

us eu m

his second visit

ii. f I Li-

to Rome in

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

us eu m

taken ill

he vu

on his way from Romewhere he had been

Legate.

appointed Papal

Met St. Bernard

at Downpatrick 11,S.

(la~er his biographer)

and

Armagh 11,2,

Archbishop of

of Connor 1124, consecrated founded a Priory

ag h

Rebuilt the church destroyed by the Danes.

of age, and became head of the Abbey School of Bangor.

arms at Clairvaux.

M nt y

howeTer,

Patrick,

that then doJDinated the hill.

the ancient

l.1Ting within

Ar m

over a century 1ater Patrick arrived. and fOWld

Daire then Prince of the diatriot, enclosure

thie swait

o! a nn lille of chieftain

Ar m

A. little

the residence

332AD

ou nt

following the defeat of the Ultonian

Ve can, however, state with some confidence that

with it. Deca.

Ve cannot examine the period of the three Macha's associated.

times.

nt y

its importance in Pre-Chrlstian

Ar m

preTents us discussing

of time

Alas lack

second church.

ag h

of St. Patrick's

the site

We lmTe n.ev reached the entrance to the old cathedral,

Ar m

Born 1n Armagh circa 1094, he was ordained priest

us eu m

»·

attempt to

:tai1ed in hie first

eu m

ou nt y

C h

of the abode in the

Ar m

rath and the story of the churches on that spot to tlle ,re■at wouJ.d occupy our attention for several hours so

hill top

nt y

acquisiticm

1a Downpatrick !he story of Patrick's

Ar m

Lupita was buried within it and there a.re stroXl8 ale1ma for her brother's buriaJ. there aJ.so. If he does :aot rest there he lll118tbe in Saul - he is oertainl:y' no~ buried sister

St. Patrick's

J.east 1602.

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

8't

which

entrenchment,

!hie stood within a circular

rellBi.ned in evidence unt11

church and its domestic

nt y

area outside this hill top

J.ittle

first

enoJ.oBU.rewae Patrick's

!he only properl:y' settled

us eu m

ou nt

of ite entrenchments - they afforded a

ag h

Ar m

rath - there are

within the hill-top

ce:r:'laia amount of proteotion.

us eu m

of the city to group as

a'Ull evidences

dates to those days. co111JD.UD1ty

Bftorte were made by the builder

as possible

as a

ag h

Our foundation

for the

besides habitations

schools,

and

preachers of the new faith.

C h

other churches

,ung-,. building

Soon

desire.

greatest

that was hie heart's

second church arose and there quickly grew around

the saint's

much of it

Patrick

with the site

1ower ground. of the new

and presented

faith

embraced the Christian

rel.igLon,

for a church

hill

secure the himself with asp ace on Later Daire fell under the influence

eo had to content

us eu m

,M. meeting

I all now going to suggest that we have a special

eu m

soae evening to discuss the growth of Armagh from the Mission down to more recent beg:lnn1ng of St • Patrick's

glance a t a f ew pla ces so let us begin with the Cul-de-sac

at Gallow's Hill but moTed

was

nt y

existing

1806 when a new Pound still

the ArmaghPublic Library

!his

ou nt

C h

nert consider

Ve sball

.onb..

exaaple in any town in the

Ar m

the oDl.y surviving

being at the back of the Prison and is in all

brought into

as well as a

century manuscripts

thirteenth

some

Ar m

WU "fOIUldecla.ad endowed by Archbishop Robinson in 1771 , aD4 ·

contains

Hill

in the middle of the 18th century where

Ar m

it remained until

situated

ag h

Hill

ou nt y

Ar m

to the Cathedral

for

repository

.lt that time Vicar's

etc.

was known as the Pound Hill.

!he pound was first

Wills

Diocesan Registers

Ar m

in 1780, and a spacious Music Hall and

us eu m

a :further group of five houses

nt y

and erected

ag h

ed those amenities

ou nt

and extended back into

Later Archbishop Richard Robinson supplement-

Callan Street.

These he

us eu m

The area was then grass-covered

ag h

endowed with £50 per annum.

four

widows.

of clergymen's

houses for the reception

probability

In 1726 Archbishop Hugh Boulter built

Hill.

of the Cathedral and now known as

the west front

Vicar's

that merit discussion,

spot we shall

Nov from this

facing

times.

us eu m

12.-7-

of the Library

us eu m

ou nt

was bound up with his idea of a university Earlier UD;tortunatel.y his planning failed.

nt y

ag h

ou nt y

of Ireland.

Ar m

ag h

had been made.

us eu m

In 1558 Archbishop Dowdall advised and school. in Queen Mary of the necessity of a university n Elizabeth the l!'irst such places as Armagh and in 158:5 Quee should be placed at Armagh and proposed that universities a8h Both cities had excellent backgrounds but Arm Limerick. capital It was then as now the ecclesiastical. had a special.

attapta

foundation

Armagh.

ag h

Observatory

C h

Armagh

Archbishop Robinson's

Chief

by Thomas Orde, the then Irish

to aotioe

U'fte)lt

at Armaghwas &&&in

Ar m

to n.oqht. !be :tOW1dation of a university

oaae iac to the Roman Catholic Church but that appeal also

ou nt

might be taught aceori-

where the sciences

ehould be erected

In 1559 the Earl of Tyrone suggested that a university

Ar m

Library that we have any record of 1s is the earliest mentioned in the Ulster Annals in 1020, which A later Armagh in Ireland. reference to such an institution destroyed in 1642. Library with all its valuable books was The first

interest.

eu m

~ ers of Diocesan regist s .rom that period down to o~ •-· and a 1so a valuable the beginning of the 18th cen+.. .,..J and archaeological historical of theological, collection

collection

us eu m

eu m

Secretary who in April 18, 1787, introduced into the Irish House of Commonsa scheme of educa t ion that passed the House. It was blocked, however, by opposition from Trinity who no doubt feared that part of its lar ge ea t ates in County Armagh

us eu m

us M

that the

nt y

to the King with the result

re:tu.sed to

PrimeMinister,

application

but the Duke

nt y

the then British

legacy lapsed

wishes into operation

ag h

the

of the movement

was a keen supporter

Ar m

of Portland,

Ar m

to put the Archbishop's

co-end

of Ireland,

the then Lord

Lord Cornwallis,

Ar m

to _agree on the foundation.

Lieutenant

Government

were made to induce the British

ou nt y

ag h

Strong efforts

ou nt

college

for a chapel to serve the proposed

ag h

a bequest of £5,000 towards its

with £1,000

establishment

contained

will

Robinson's

to revise

It is clear,

however, that the proposal again for Archbishop

it was intended

in Orde' a_ retirement.

resulted

ou nt

ot taot Goulbourne

As a matter

afterwards,

wu aoeoapliued.

who died shortly

Prime Minister

before Lord Liverpool,

Ar m

N utlaillg

to bring the •'tt•r

1ale tluta Bri.tiah

Ar m

Armagh 1826-18,,,

In 1826, however, was ».ot allowed to drop. his appointment to the Archbishopric, Lord a few years ~ter John George Beresforcl approached Henry Goulbourne, Chief secretary for Ireland 1821-1828, and M.P. for the :Boroughot !he matter,

Unfortunately might be devoted to the proposed University. a change in Government took place shortly afterwards that

us eu m

Armagh of such an inet·tuti J.

t rou bl ed by education problems

Armagh was not.,,,..,~""e)........,,

of Queen's

When the foundation

:uzitil the year 1845.

on.

eu m

to deprive

was likely

to Trinity

of detriment

the question

that

felt

us eu m

community and ei:x years earlier

had founded St. Patrick's

Patrick' e

On St.

1n the city.

the foundation

stone of the new Cathedral was laid.

1840

church.

for a beautiful

a debt of gratitude

owes

Day

ou nt y

Ar m .,._.p

ag h

establishments

us eu m

ou nt

now one of the moat important educational.

seminary

h1a

of the

sections

beloved by all

prelate

ag h

was a broad-minded

The Archbishop

for a College.

desire

the City's

supported

August 7th at whioh Archbishop Crolly was present and

lrom 1861 the

ou nt

who have

by Vincentian fathers

seminary has been staffed

Ar m

for the College of Maynooth.

nt y

intended for the purpose of preparing

was and is mainly

have always been welcoaed, the seminary

were received.

and day boys as well as boarders

l.83-pupile !h.OIJ8h

andats

nt y

ag h

Ar m

increased

a1so bull t St. Patrick' e Seminary in 1838 which has fhe pupils th<>U8hfew, rapidly beyond belief. tlourished

lf4f

Ar m

C owing

Ar m

to the Queen's Colleges. Archbishop Lord John George Beresford was unable,

... t euooeee:tul].y' conducted it ever since - but to return

took plaoe on

meeting of the chief citizens

l.1ght.

Colleges was proposed the town was once more in the 11me-

us eu m

n,o

Chair.

eu m

of a Divinity

the estab1ishment

their

hopes for Armagh.

and shatter

were to arise

that

difficulties

Bishops foresaw the religious

deputation

for

that gentleman thought the buiJ.ding of a new college

but

the then Lord Lieutenant,

Lord Heytesbury,

Later Archbishop Crolly accompanied a local

to interview

but

popular,

he was equally

Like Archbishop Crolly neither

of £1,000 towards

a gift

but he offered

to 11l,ness to attend

us eu m

neighbour.

town than her alluvial

ou nt

the college

secured the with its

wt Armagh pr #HN:

Belfast

~r,

It was a wo~

amusing.

on whio)l. U si ta".

Ar m

an4 aost

mud

emerged from the

that

be:tvr• the smoking town of .Bel.fast

centuries

is a story

Swift came the reply "that

for education.

Ar m

by asking what had ever been done by them

retorted

OOftted prise

Ar m

Armagh was a more academical

nt y

that

and factories.

jennies

spinning

!he Morning Herald" fanned the flames by stating

•a-tare

nt y

ag h

Ar m

bad grace from a town of mushroom

growth, noted only for its

began :tourteen

as the

such arrogance

that

replied

J.rmagh

came with a peculiarly

Belfast

us eu m

ou nt y

capital.

ecclesiastical

both

scorned upon Armagh's pretensions

Ar m

Belfast

ag h

in those towns engaged in a newspaper

in. which hard thiDgs were written

correspondence

parties.

ou nt

Partisans

and

between Armagh and Belfast

epeewlati-oa but the contest continued.

the matter was one of interest

generally

In Ulster

ag h

Ulster in the City o-£ Armagh might o£fend the Presbyterians

:tirst

the Rev. Doctor P. congregration

Armagh

the presidency

He was offered

the

to establish

of the effort

supporters

of the

Henry, Minister

on November 29, 1845, and thus one

by the Lord Lieutenant

of the keenest

eu m

,resident,

of such

might have to mix with each other.

us eu m

faiths

people of various

Some people were alarmed by the idea that young

colleges.

Opinion was very divided as to the usefulness

Belfast.

in Armagh became the head of the new college

!nllti tution

first

us eu m

nt y

h ag

It was,

supplying

I am

ou nt

C h

was

good

eetaltliab•ent,

organised

ag h

the actual. date of its foUJ1dation.

Ar m

UWner, a well

UDfortunately

subscriptions

to give

Infirmary

by private

that

the city was, to the beat

the Charitable

-.bi.

called

Ar m

~ 11,1 kn.owl.edge,

ftpported

proper hospital

!he first

to alJ.ov .lrmagh

attempt on a site

a futile

Ar m

been found.

nt y

Ar m

to say other than I think it was a mean trick

had already

a second

foundation

- of that I have nothing

has appeared in Coleraine

and Derry to waste money in

us eu m

Ar m

ou nt y

ag h

university

of the Province and

Since its

a university

now, of course,

policy that

and enlightened

leadership

intellectuaJ.

its

justifies

creation

!Promits

its foundation.

it hu pursued a progressive

Belfast,

Queen's College,

and

education,

vindicated

has certainly

to Irish

ou nt

contribution

ag h

qn the whole, however, the proposed colleges were a val.uable

us eu m

40. in 1765 at which time it had

services

aedical. and surgical

been for some time in being.

House of Oommonsfor the provision

was passed by the Irish

In that year an Act

eu m

aiready

and in the following October a meeting

of county hospitals

was held in Armagh at which it was agreed to found such an

meetings and

at later

Plans were formulated

institution.

us eu m

us M

nt y

in 1.t not

resultiD8

during

time in

Ar m

The Governors met for the first

transfer

date the County

1a the follow.in& aonth and from that

took place

whieh forthvi'th, table Infirmary Chari

Ar m

should be removed from the

meeti?J8 it

ill September 1774, and at that

ou nt

remained in use as tu

between the

seven years later,

Infirmary

the patients

us eu m

nt y

ag h

until

Wu clecidecl that

ou nt y

Ar m

•n Infirmary

an affair

than

took longer

oYing to a misunderstanding

Yhioh tille the Charitable

CountyHospital

ou nt

Ar m

of the new hospita1

being ready for patients

until

to the County Hospital

of a surgeon.

Governors and the architect,

Infirmary

free to the Charitable

acted in the same capacity

was anticipated

ev~

services

The completion

the

helped by the 1oca1 doctors,

who were further

the appointment

Board of Governors assigned

funds to the Governors of the new

who had given their ad

and its

ag h

institution,

accumulated

their

In the meantime the County Hospital

from there,

ag h

functioned

Infirmary

the premises of the Charitable

Scotch Street.

had acquired

'by Jul.y 1767 the Governors of the proposed County Hospital

_J!-.

us eu m

-r33 _ present

s1te.

eu m

Hospital. has served the city and the county from its

Time does not permit me to deal with the growth of the

us eu m

nt y

from its

on the growth of the hospital

He found the wards spacious.

Ar m

then lay in boxes or cupboards that had Ne to attord pr1Taoy, but were no doubt wrong from the

!lie patients

ou nt

1782.

Armagh

shows that he

Howard's Survey of such establishments

Ar m

events like the "Big Wind" of 1839, the

nt y

Ar m

down the years to 1853, besides being a source

~ of 1847, etc.

tniHcl

through

a high wall,

ag h

Ar m

we learn that it was

!his old Minute Book is a

haadsomely worked iron gates.

visited

ou nt y

Ar m

bounded on the front

ll1ne of information

of the

and the then lay-out therein

wards and from the description

ot historical

ou nt

ag h

of the extent

is a pen-picture

Minute Book of the County Infirmary . there

In the first

inception,

to the

and a house that we propose to visit.

Trust

originally

Captain C. H. Ensor, O.B.E., D.L.,

ag h

National

a family from whomit passed by the desire

place,

of the late

of the Ensor

there was the ancestor

and settling

of that

Miss Clarke of

the beautiful

married a County Armagh lady,

who

century architect

eighteenth

a notable

George Ensor

Ardress,

example of the work of

block is a very pleasing

the original

that

the fact

but I should like to stress

County Hospita1

eu m

beds coul.d not be conveniently

circumstances,

us eu m

day of our County Infirmary. mark in the

their

surgeons have left

ag h

of the wards in the first

however, a picture

That is,

idea worked out in timber.

beds were the same

the Infirmary

so ve may assume that

Succeeding

commonthen,

beds, were, of course,

Canopied and curtained

for dust ~

were simply harbours

which they were enclosed

structures

and the tops of the box-like

mad• or aired,

uJld,er those

out that

pointed

and in his report

close and offensive,

them

he considered

At anyrate

point of view of health.

ou C

ou nt

Brected

Gas works

by Coal Ge.a and unfortunately

of standing

the remains of a

stones,

demolish a circle

necessary

far the works it was considered

Ar m

._ procure a aite

1a 1834 the to'lf!l was then lighted

nt y

stands though

ag Armagh

circa

Al.so Tisibl.e :trom here are

nt y

machinery.

Ar m

of its

us eu m

ag h

in 1810 and still

It was aca1n rebuilt

dnoid

It was,

in 1660 and remained iJl use until

Ar m

JIOlr

in the second year of the Civil war

1800.

states

which tradition

one on the same site,

re-erected

hovffer,

It replaced

point we can see the windmill

Ar m

was destroyed

ou nt y

Ar m

be preserved.

a IIUCh earlier

and ite facade must

building

ia doubtful. but the original

Pro• this

ou nt

ag h

development and the years have brought about its enlargement What its future may be and a high system of efficiency.

us eu m

....

us eu m

Armagh would have been unique as

now take ourselves

along to Scotch Street

towns.

of Templenafertagh,

church 1n Armagh, one of the most

of Na Fertagh at

ou nt y

sage priest

us eu m

record the

ou nt

us M

nt y

ou nt

demesne in the rere,

the Primate's

were bounded by

in part on the east and Prentice's in

the

The church site was largely

Ar m

Lane on the west.

river

and

in front,

3½acres

Ar m

Scotch Street

about

contained

!he premises

acquired by the Dobbin family

was eventual.ly

the Scotch Street

church in ruins

Ar m

!he site

The Armagh Pictorial

into the hands of the Annesley family. Map of 1602 shows the little

nt y

by which time it passed

period,

ag h

Ar m

beginning of the Plantation

become

the

the year 1430 and remained so until

a nunnery befor,

There is no doubt, however, but that it had

ag h

us eu m

Church is now

as in 1078 the Annals of Inisfallen

Ar m

the

for his principal

death of Dubthach Ua Sochain,

Armagh.

ag h

uncertain

founder or after

of its

of the hill

acquisition

Church became a

garden at the rere of Leonard Dobbin's handsome mansion of

Whether this

place of himself.

nunnery in the lifetime

resting

place

Lupita and indeed may be the last

sister

of the saint's

the reputed burial

city,

sacred spots in our ancient

first

Patrick's

st.

the site

visit

first

where we shall

We shall

eu m

Had it been retained, regards Irish

which should have been preserved.

place,

burial

prehistoric

us eu m

... for the city of Armagh

trom 1833 to 1838.

eu m

Dobbin was Member of Parliament

Born 1762 and died 1844.

occupied a site in this

in being with a building

In 1713 it was still

1634 •

least

from at

street

The Bridewell

King of Prussia

on a white horse.

the hanging

signs was sent to a Belfast

of the

was a portrait

:tor re-painting

ou nt y

in the mid-eighteenth

Ar m

in Scotch Street

us M

whose

you an anecdote about a lady

century

nt y

ag h

nt y

tell

husband lived

Ar m

Now I shall

ou nt

That was a

agreeably"

whom.

to entertain

the Bar and Circuits,

o:t

much lamented and parli.cul.arl.y-

Ar m

regretted by the gentlemen she always studied

which reads - "Last week died

an obituary

•~ Armagh Mrs. Peg Stringer

!'ebruary

of Saturday,

17, 1746 carries

Dublin Journal

Ar m

Faulkiner's

Call".

had what in those days was known as a super "House of

and

made no impression

to ride a white horse in battle

on the artist.

crossing

should have had the

That a King in action

the Boyne

audacity

Ar m

and came back showing King William on a white horse

us eu m

Less than ha1.:t a century

ou nt

ag h

ago

us eu m

This in reality

Prussian Arms.

ag h

was formerly known as the

at the bottom o:t the street

now known as the Wagon Wheel

.A.more modern building

the Bridewell •

mown as the Workhouse as well as a Bowling Green adjoi.niDg

of the Bank of Ireland.

1812, which is now in occupation

us eu m

eu m

us eu m

us M

ou nt

House.

the Sessions

of sub-

Ar m

nt y

h ag

let down to these gloomy caverns,

o'l stone stairs

it as 'lollowe:-

of a dismal suite

dirtftl.7 ~•r

was

in hie "Memoirs of

1819, describes

"!he old gaol consie~

terraneoue apariMnte

Stuart

until

underground Prison

Ar m

House with its

published

nt y

ag h

Ar m

Armaghcity

ou nt y

C h

Ar m

well into the 18th century.

features.

names

its

were held there

trom the fact that markets and fairs

oae of ita earliest

known as Market

it seems to have derived

!he old Sessions

at one time

the Market Square,

of the city and nowadeys better In origin

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

Ar m

ag h

Ve are now heading tor

Street.

Inn

wile,

and that they were a Church of

family.

the centre

with his five sons and three

cl&1J8}ltersin Scotch Street

and his

that Thomas Stringer

Keeper was then resident

Ire.land

as the entry

one son to carry on the business

Census states

A ~t

she left

a City of Armagh Census of 1770 we know that

at least the

dead".

had drunk herself

living

For a belly full

no drink to be had,

there's

And because in the grave,

- and a lawyer - a bout - and a bowl;

A toast

l'rOm

who loved in her soul

Peggy Stringer,

"Here lies

which read -

an epitaph

suuested

at Faulkiner's

with 1eaving the notice

entrusted

who was

the member o:f the Bar and Circuits

unfortunately

but

as to the worth of the good lady,

p1easing tribute

us eu m

4&. a kind of semi-inhumation.

suffered

and felons

where debtors

eu m

townsman

of any idle and dissolute

the fate

would forebode

when grave citizens

century,

aenoe in the middle of the last

nt hours".

ag h

1.mnates sighed away their

us eu m

the unhappy

Here in a kind of darkness visible,

work.

and

iron

secured with a kind of ma.say reticulated

coapletely

but encircled

of seven feet thickness,

rear on walls

and

in front

mason-work, abutted

over with heavy and solid

dungeon were not only arched

doleful

The wards of this

they would say "He will go down the "nine steps" •

us e M

nt y ou nt C

Many people

they were accused of but oth.u s

m Ar

Assize.

of the enaes

Ar m

partioular

as a

I have often

of ._,.

gentlemenand the other as a "Yeoman". the findings

nt y

own, one described

Ar m

h ag

County Armagh residents,

of fifteen

UlODgst them two kins aen. of

acquittecl ••:re

ag h

Ar m

1 614.

of a Commission dated 15-th

1615, by virtue

!he jury consisted

l"eacl

Solicitor-General,

and Sir Robert Jacob Knight,

~ebruary,

ou nt y

one of the judges of the

at Armagh before Gerard Lother, on the 13th .lpril,

taken

Sessions House is an Inquisition

Ar m

in this

commonpleas

were deeply

record that I know of with regard to .Assizes

!he first

being held

confinement • .

in solitary

Ar m

ag h

over the dungeon in which the condemned felons

us eu m

ou nt

Balls were sometimes held in the Market House directly

us eu m

names.

at .&,rmagh" appended to their

eu m

of the old Sessions House included

The furniture

An Armagh example of the bridle

bridles.

It was a somewhat inhuman instrument

and It

survives.

well as scolds

women.

us eu m

ou nt

ag h

in May 1822 was a great

m Ar

ou nt

shock to the

of .&.rmag}l.

whose accidental

Stuart,

Ar m

1742 aud completely

death by poisoning

William

became

!his was replaced

rebuilt in 1815 by archbishop

Ar m

At the same time the

Market House was damaged so that a new edifice

:uoeeaary 1n 1664.

nt y

Bells and Organs and its

went up in flames.

old Library

O'Neill on which ocoaaion

Ar m

its

the Round Tower, the Cathedral,

Armagh Market House that we have any record

in 1 642 by Sir Phelim

us e

nt y

Ar m

are also mentioned.

and stocks

Pillories

House of Correction.

vae destroyed

to idle,

women being taken up and placed in the

lewd and disorderly

The first

In Corporation

ou nt y

Records there are references

stopped by the hangman

ag h

having poisoned her husband, her tongt19 and her

eloquence was at last

•1:u....

us eu m

one of whom, a

scolds punished,

Ar m

ag h

were only four notorious

fine

there

informs us that in the 18th century

Stuart

Mrs. King,

!rhis was then locked at the

a fixed gag in the mouth.

over the head with

of an iron framework, to fit

was used to curb the tongues of too talkative

consisted

for the punishment of commonscolds,

ducking stool

1 til1

"to be executed

and the dread sentence

guilty

werefound

the south side of the Market Place where the steps

1ead down to the lower level

eu m

It housed King James on his way from Derry at the Boyne.

to Stuart}

(according

and placed in the centre

us eu m

removed to

are on exhibition.

us e

nt y

Ar m

Post Office that we have any record

nt y

ou Gates

through which food similar

9oaJ.4 be passed to a warder for inmates - rather

vi th a space in the wall

opened and such buildings

"Holes in the wall

ou nt

commonly called

were not so readily

••reequipped

premises in the immediate vicinity

Ar m

prisonwere

In the 17th century

And now l.ast but not least.

licensed

year.

in that

is clearl.y shown on a map by Rocque

Ar m

position

Ar m

Its

ag h

at the top of the north side of the Market

of vas sited

portions

where surviving

and later

ou nt y

for preservation,

In 1760 the first

above an

it was brought to the grounds of

Ar m

the north aisle

•t prisons

position,

ou nt

ag h

the old Cathedral

certain

from the motive of safety

published

original

In 1813 it was again thrown down 8Dd l.ater

well.

Place.

however,

Records that the Cross was repaired

1744, and made secure in its ancient

It is clear,

from the Corporation

ag h

from the end of the 17th century.

condition

of the Market Place where it had lain in that

us eu m

it was buried

in which

from the rubbish

The Market Cross was raised

to the south and to his defeat

of the town.

is one of the old residences

us eu m

...

us eu m

\ Dt). depth and in t he case of the old

a seven foot wall.

eu m

as that

1614,

burned in

us eu m

.Pubs in Market Square include

1708 •

the Sign of the Spread

ag h

some time before

It seems to have the same establishment

1683 and rebuilt

from circa

position

present

been in its

has probably

erection.

date for its

the actual

to find

difficult

it is

house in the city

licensed

perhaps be the oldest

should

'Hole-in-the-Wall'

the

that

the fact

Despite

House, penetrating

Sessions

of much less

of course,

but,

one sees in modern houses to-day

that

to the hatches

us e

C h

Ar m

ou nt

nt y

ou C h

nt y

ag h Ar m ©

the

us eu m

Ar m

Ar m ©

ou nt y

House and was very popular

~ tlU!ly days of the 18th century.

The Swan was situated

Ar m

burned in 1683 and rebuilt. door to the Sessions

been

The Spread Eagle had, however,

ag h

all of 1703 vintage.

ou nt

Eagle, and the Sign of the Swan, both in Market Street,

us eu m

BANK BELFAST situated

Bank was first

This particu1ar

Market Street

whose elegant very early 19th century house

us eu m

present

from the foot-

ou nt y

hides the old Kidd house from view.

Kidd filled

the post admirab1Y.

conection

vu usual.ly giTen to some person with

1194 local

the managership of

llala 1ut1tutione

Banking

tha ear1Y days of Irish

Ar m

on Jul.3' 1st of that year.

Guardian

ou nt

to haTe come into use in 1850 according to a note 1D.

of Glasslough •

Ar m

quarry owned by the Rev. Mr. Pratt

nt y

whose work is well represented

Ar m

architect

!he stone from which 1t was bu.11t was from a

Belfast

us e

nt y

in his own house.

for the Bank were designed by Lanyon, a

quarters

41etingu.ished

ag h

Ar m

manager and living

Thomas Kidd was still the 1ater

new Bank came into being circa 1850 at which time

The

path, but unfortunately

Ar m

entrance

us eu m

ou nt

by 1850 it had been moved to its

which gives it a pleasing

aituation,

the Bank was in being in Market Street

ag h

1840 and that

with its

in place at the bottom

still

ag h

Ve know that

two handsome iron lamp standards of the steps.

to the entrance to the hall,

path, a stone stairway

back and had green lawns coming down to the foot-

distance

Mr. Kidd's house eat at a considerable

Originally

..._

manager.

of the present

and is the residence

survives

English Street, still

eu m

and was und~r the management of ThomaeKidd , Eeq., of Upper

of the City commissioners for a J.engtby period.

ou nt

ag Ar m ©

ou C h

nt y

us e

ou nt y

us eu m

us M y

ou nt C

h ag Ar m ©

m eu

M y

nt ou C

ag h ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

y nt

ou C

ag h m

but perhaps

peacei"u.J.ness and

its

C h

eu m

it should retain

that

t14 vor1d charm.

It seems

in use.

cannot be seen from the street

Lt ie better

is still

ag h

that

bank residence

Ar m

!}le early piV

of the Peace

was a Justice

lndChairman

us eu m

man of some wealth,

[e was a

us eu m

CASTLESTREET

ou nt

ou nt y

that

He believed

they soon

Ar m

to the

nt y

ag h

Ar m

m Ar

my measure's just h:t xr._ been cheated to '11'1sorrow, low l am reaolTed to tru.at no JION to-day, and I aa fr•• to say, lo~

1-. WW. be velo0118~act to-aorrow.

still

friend.a

occupied

to his

Ar m

1911 "Neat Coat" was dead but

on the wall.

lr licquor a good,

premises

was cold and that

.Armagh in

his 'bar hie famous advice

but his

the air,

nt y

Ar m

man and talked

was to take

to appl.es,

ou n

ag h

Ar m

seasons.

1n their

at which

us eu m

ag h

how necessary

Dent place

and help himself

he was a very active

that

WhenI came to

chairs

and comfortable

and strawberries

He imagined

,._,

as regards

was a well kept and

hostelry

drinks

his various

and

1n the weather.

to his

tables

aheltered garden with one cou1d enjoy

He wore Kerseymore

to have been somewhat vain

attached

appearance and

He ie said

were

His coats

at the knees with ribbon

tied

boots

to changes

tassels according

about

wardrobe.

us eu m

shorts with Hessian

"Paddy Neat Coat".

to perfection.

aanY'and were tailored

gooseberries

it was

of the 19th century

by a man called

an excellent

Paddy kept

half

order

,ept ill beauti:ful

greatly

eu m

in the first

For a good

Street.

in Castle

here

was situated d of Eden

-,a.DYyea.re

the Garden

some of you to know that

surprise It TJJB.Y

1 6

William Peplow was born in London

1794, and at the age of ten was put to learn

or not, but it is certain

he was stationed

ou nt y

son, William,

His eldest

Clocks made by

of the Grandfather

engraver.

nt y

and, as well as being a

ou n

he didn't

He established

in Stourbridge

1862 a watch and clock mak:Jngbusiness

and

Ar m

he moved to Cork

he returned to England

first

here, for some time later

but evidently

Ar m

Leaving home, he sought his fortune,

1n Armagh, the place of his birth, later still,

nt y

ag h

Ar m

dials

us eu m

ou nt

Ar m

from his father

engraved the brass

from

working on his own

watchmaker of renown, became a skilled

find it

registers.

He died at the age of one

and eight months.

learned the trade

bi.a father.

his father.

Peplow had obtained his discharge

account as a clockmaker.

us eu m

William after

the army, and was back in Shropshire

hundred years

He was baptised

events are recorded in our parish

by 1820 William

Ar m

son was born.

Church and called

ag h

Both of these

first

Mark's

their

ag h

a year later

While

Ann Young in 1814, and

here he met and married Catherine

in St.

the Military

Armagh, in the 90th Regiment of Foot.

Barracks,

later

that some years

completed his apprenticeship

whether he

It is not certain

trade.

the clockmaking

on 4th July,

eu m

A young man called

1'b1oh, with the years, grew and moved from site to site, aa4 ■till tlouri■hel there.

us eu m

PARISHOF ARMAGH CHURCH PLATE

His son, another

William

is recorded

eu m

us eu m

nt ou

on opening the

us eu m

and Mrs. Peplow and their

(the fourth)

!hey were William

ag h

ou nt

a lady and gentleman there with a problem.

ou nt y

ag h

rang and the Rector,

doorbell

door, discovered

the parish

they might see the afore-mentioned

ou n

But a far

was to be given by

life

Mr. Peplow asked if he might see our

that he had just

and mentioned

communion Plate

oontinuing

on.

what followed.

and passing

greater sense of that

looking

of a parish with generation

appearing

after generation

life

Ar m

the age and continuing

one has a renewed sense of

Ar m

such entries,

as the day they

by the Church.

preserved

safely

up and finding

almost as clear

Ar m

enough, were the entries

were written,

sure

from the safe and there,

were br~ught

nt y

We went to the Church Vestry and the old

ag h

registers

that

entries.

in order

Ar m

registers

Ar m

problem was, how could they set about finding

nt y

One morning towards the end of June,

responsibilities. the Rectory

there although his son, the

taking over the business

is gradually

William,

He is still

fifth

and added to it the making

of spectacles.

joined the firm.

the business

extended

greatly

In 1916 hie son, still

(the fourth)

William,

another

hie grandfather'

to attend

party.

birthday

hundredth

Shropshire

to Shifnal

in .Worcestershire

from Stourbridge

bicycle

penny farthing

1894, he rode a

on 4th July,

that

him it

us eu m

the third

as a watchmaker.

in succession

became

completed

us eu m

We showed him the flagon and alms dish which

England •

hundreds).

nineteen

eu m

were good, but modern (early

he stated

These

made a copy of the various

of Armagh in the

ou nt

those years?

nt y

which brings

are used at the same service,

But the

ou n

Ar m

come about in the world throughout

saae vessels

have been hallowed by the worship of Armagh What changes have for almost 300 years.

Ar m

l)ariehioners

that Holy Sacrament from

ag h

Ar m

to Holy Communion we receive that

that when we come

is this,

nt y

C h

fact

but a far more impressive

vessels

pieces are most valuable,

to say such ancient

Ar m Needless

ou nt y

ag h

for the Church of St. Ma.ry1 s,

man made Communion plate

Sunbury, England.

The same

John Ruslen.

us eu m

called

was ma.de in London for the parish

year 1676 by a silversmith

The

us eu m

This he very kindly did.

ag h plate

to England.

when he

details

stamped on them and promised to send full

returned

marks

they were about

his books of reference,

cou1d judge without

300 years old.

so far as he

that,

him and he stated

interested

greatly

which are used Sunday by Sunday in St. Mark's.

Then we showed him the two old CommunionCups and patons

ag m

Ve are Yery grateful

long and changing period

to Mr. Peplow for the trouble

hiatory.

that

to vorahippers throughout

Ar m

the same comfort and help and hope to us to-day as it did

the CommunionPlate of his diocese

a survey of all

us eu m

taken to supply us with this which

Ann Young in 1815, both of whom probably

eu eu M

us eu m

us M

M C

h m

Ar m

ou n

nt y

ou h

nt y

ou nt y

ag h ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

us y

ou nt C

h ag

Ar m ©

M y

nt ou C

ag h

Ar m ©

us M y

nt ou C

ag h m

in which his great-

y nt ou C

eu m

~ed communion from the vessels reo• i grandson took such a keen interest.

that William Peplow

the fact

married Catherine

began with

il)!orJDB.tion,

very interesting

INTRooocToRY

nt ~is

is a copy of an address made by the late

was

us eu m

ou C ©

C h

Ar m

ou n

nt y

ou nt y

ag h ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

by T. G. F. Paterson.

Ar m ©

ou nt

and corrections

Annotations

Ar m ©

ag h

'.rhe original

in bis Estate Office, Russell Street .

ag h

toaerly

for the Blind.

the Workshops

the Macan Asylum tor the Blind and the Trustees

nt y

Major Boyle to a Joint meeting of the Trustees or

eu m

us eu m

' 'A-4.

us eu m

Macan Asylum for THEBLIND to hear

eu m

of the Macan Asylum for the Blind . In the year 16961 Armagh was granted a Charter to manage its

ow affairs

Ar m

us eu m

ou nt

or .the

burgesses

Minister and the Parish . an ·Bpiacopallan,

ad three oitiuna,

trom

at their

4aqb

attendance

the resident

Dean the presbyterian

tree

ot 8D.7, yet strongl7

, ••

of worship

and,

to tbe tenets

latlaleats.ng aoun4 ■oral• and citore:lng

l!elp•ft1•• plao•

persuasions

ottena.Ye

at Liverpool,

ilU ti1G1pllne

and Inhabitants

of that

Ar m

to all Religious

9th

and endowing an asylum

on the plan,

City

and

to the

Ar m

epen alike

priest ot

of bis estate

and Burhesses of the Corporation

for the blind 1n that

dated

the residue

is he

ou nt y

and by his will;

ot t.be C1t7 ot Armagh tor building

•t

and it

to go to Bengal,

ag h

sovereign

he left

Ar m

· lune, 1819

later,

Ar m

died some .forty years

He resigned

us eu m

our bene.factor.

and the follow.1.Dg two years,

and he

nt y

mo 1•

tor that

ou nt

ag h

In 1797lt Arthur Jacob Macan was Sovereign,

Hned

none

terms,

ot than being conseoutive.

Thomas Macan 3 was

years later,

and he served tor eight

ag h

appointed Sovereign

Sovereign,

by the King himsel.t .

In 1759 or some sixty

and the first

2 was appointed

had to be men

and honesty,

probity

Mark Ussher

The Burgesses

ot 1ntegr1ty,

a Sovereign

through

and twelve (12) .Burgesses.

James ;aid,

,tior1: history

so:ne of you might like

possibly

nt y

''1 tbink

presbyterian and Roman catholic

bane.tits

they will not act from favour

' the tunds

of the

nt y

us eu m

ou nt y

or -

t.•

us M

ou nt

a bw.141.ng tor £1.,1:00

lJbc on •• wsten 114•, clo'•• to ~. ~una.u, '1 ot 4111ap. lhJ.• 1.a the preHat asylum _lineb

trom Primate

~o pureha••

the Five trustees

ll)JI01ntecl an4 be at liberty

nt y

being (1) . that

!b•

PGlnta in the lob••

Robinson ,s .n_,,.1'4• BaJtOnRokeby • "-

ou nt

ag h

app:rove4 and ocmfirae4. .

Ar m

lch••va•

the will.

w1 tb

Ar m

acoordanee

a petition

to grant permission tor a Scheme to be

1n l8S,

•llln

Trustee presented

Ar m

lip 1n

bi ■ IIUYinng

th • Lord Chancellor, ••

Ar m

In 181ta

Sangor 9th June 1819. ,A. J. Macan (Seal).

Ar m ©

ag h

tt111ot Neasrs. Alexander and Co. to which I belong

us eu m

•I appoint the partners

us eu m

but

11Ving, and to

be added if

hereafter.

sloth

to indulge

shal.l be of

anddumb might

adllittecl ot it

admission

them bow to earn their

ag h

the deaf

rather to instruct

1 t be an asylum

l'l&bt, nor that

and

and in the first

to the utmost,

at all times, not meaning that their

,._tora.

of the County ot Armagh, in prei"erenoe

!JlltaDc• to the blind

then

and to

but soley for the good ot the Institution,

ut,end its

of the Institution

eu m

solemn oatb that

· .neot1on, ~

and Directors

,_..

by each sect

us eu m

"tb•Governors

selected

• geogian building

er1ng

eu m

were empowered: £300 on Furniture

(1) To expend £300 on alterations, beds, and bedding:

or Armagh,

us eu m

nt y

and tor many Year• I think,

ou nt

oeaHd through many causes,

11111 '1:>el•t 1»l1nd ■tin baa dectreaaed, owing,

This work has

...

tor th1• purpose.

Ar m

ot tbe building

( l+O) year• ago a workshop was added at the

•• Uout ton,

Ar m

'-ftlcmtns, haYe ainoe unaged the Asylum to the beat or 1 •bU.117. •• Basket making was carried on tor many years,

was then

!he governing body, as above, lilich

the dividends

• theae 8\Ba.

Bank: ot Ireland

Ar m

to the Provencial

General

Wilson made an Order that the Accountant

._Ul.4 pq

the Rt.

and in June 192lt, Mr.

ag h

Ar m

to :Northern Ireland,

the sum or

lutiee

Hon T. F Moloney, made an Order transferring

cao,ooo odd

us eu m

body.

of Ireland,

Ar m

the governing

the above

ou nt y

constitute

ou nt

should

1924, the Lord Chief Justice

tile Jnr

us eu m

ag h

three religions

Priest

and three laymen representing

tor the time being,

of Armagh, and the Parish

congregation

ot the First

Minister

the Presbyterian

the

the Trustees,

Order was made that

ag h

Deanot Armagh,

1855 a later

(3) To admit not exceeding twelve (12) males into Asylum.

nt y

(2) To expend the sum of £50 per year on servants exclusive of their rations. (This Trust I fear has been broken).

us eu m

~graph. Th• trustee•

of which I have a not very flatt

If.

poliCY of helping

,t11diDI them to Institutions,

as 1 t were,

ou nt

us eu m

C h

ag m

us M

ou nt

C h

ag ©

nt y

ou C h

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

the

us eu m

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m ©

vitb

on the new Board.

representation

Ar m ©

identity

us eu m

ou C

ag h

Ar m ©

keeping its

still

and hartng

1'ruat, and doing what is best by

ag h

MacanTrust,

a.s

they ld.11 be

feel that

pt911a:ring a Schan• and becomlng incorporated vitb 7our Association,

in this,

he 1s liVing

·earr,ing out the original

At present

be.tore bim.

and he and the 1'rustees

· England

eu m

and he takes a great interest

414 his father

' ·~c1.r Qlairman,

a direct

now looked

disrepute.

into

Co Louth,

homes, and not

have Mr. Arthur Macan of Drumcashel descendant of Arthur Jacob Macan, 6 as

still

1'11• trustees

in their

which are rather

cto'lllupon · - another word fallen

these people

us eu m

••

us eu m

eu m

In 1696 William and Mary were on the throne. James II did however dissolve the Corporation ot Armagh U1 168b and replaced the Sovereign and Burgesses by the appointment ot adhe.rents of his ow, a state of af'.f'drs · quickly reversed by events at . the Boyne.

•

Charter

Mark Ussher was first Sovereign under the granted by James I 1n 1613.

us eu m

George

C h

ag m

ou nt

C h

ag ©

nt y

ou C h

ag ©

Ar m

nt y

ag h ©

Ar m

kinsman

Lord John

ou nt y

h ag

us eu m

ou nt

Robinson died in 1794 was Primate 1n l8Sa.

Ar m

and

Arthur Jacob Macan left no issue. Instead or "direct descendant" Hr. Arthur Macan should be described as

Beresford

1793,

l?9S-1797 was son of Thomas He did not serve as stated .from 1797

ag h

Archbishop

Jacob Macan Sovereign

Arthur

Macan above. until 1799.

lt.

1785, 1786, 1787, 1788, 1789, 1790, 1791, 1792, 1791+.

ag h

·l• Thomas Macan was Sovereign 17591 1763~ 1769 1 1771,. '1;773, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, 1780, 1181, 1182, 1183, 1, 8 ~,

IS!, , '.L '.rL.:; Macan Asylum for

us eu m

BLI ND.

us eu m

seems to have city and the The above Thomas of Armagh in 1759i and was again Sovereign six times between that date and 777, from which year he served continuously until 1794. He died in 1795, leaving with other issue (for whom see B.L.G. "Macan of Drumcashel 11 ) a son Arthur Jacob Macan Captain 24th Light Dragoons, who died in India 18th September, 1819, founder of the Macan Asylu m for the Blind who bequeathed a sum of money to the Sovereign and Burgesses of Armagh under which an Asylum for the Blind was eventually opened in 1854.

us eu m

nt y

ou nt

on Cross in the Manor appear in 1765 .

nt y

Macan were tenants 1752 They also

r. AofGlasney and John Maghernahely in

Ar m

Much difficulty was experienced in :finding a site, so :~~cation was made to Lord John George Beresford (then !he bishop of Armagh) :for the Fever Hospital and its grounds au hospital had been erected by that Primate in 1827 and wa·s .Jrirted from funds provided by the same generous prelate. at a time when :fevers were rampant in the city and in

ou nt y

Ar m

Captain Macan Will was proved in 1823, but for some reason the bequest was not implemented until the death of his la st surviving nephew following which a sum of £11 1ao.2.1od. Government 3¾per cent Stock, became available in 1848 for the •ndowment o:f the proposed institution .

ag h

ou nt

Ar m

ag h

us eu m

the head of the clan

been Thomas Macan of Armagh, a Freeman of the Archbishop 1 s agent for the Manor of Armagh. first served as Sovereign or Chief Magistrate

century

In the next

ag h

Aughrim. 1

i~e

eu m

The Sept of the McCanns in the early 17th century u ied the north eastern angle of the county where it ~~d~rs upon Lough Neagh , and their territory is clearly wn on the Plantation Maps of 1609 . The date of their sh~t1ement in the district is uncertain but the Annals of Four Maste rs record the death of Macan, Lord of Cinel Aenghusa Aenghusa in 1155, and state that he was buried in Ardrn~cha 7 from which date onwards references are plentiful . Chieftai~s £ the Clan figure frequently in -battles in medieval times, in ~he la ter wards of Elizabeth and James, in the Civil War of The senior line is l64l- 42, and the Revolu tion of 1688 . believed to have terminated with Glasney Macan who left an onlY daughter, Elizabeth Maca n , who married John Hamilton,a Colonel in the army of James II who fell at the Bat tle of

'l'HE

us eu m

156: -

eu m

ian d generall y, it had served its purpose and was practical~Y Ifree of patients . Its architect was the famous Francis s Johnston who, in the closing years of the 18th and first cg J~ of the 19th century , was resp onsible for many of irmagh's more notable buildings .

were necessary and were duly c a rri ed certain alterations out but the facade remains as first designed . The official operiin g took place on 1st April, 1854, and the first patients arrived on · that date .

us eu m

C h

ag m

us M

ou nt

C h

ag ©

nt y

ou C h

ag ©

Ar m

Ar m ©

us eu m

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m ©

ou nt C

h ag

Ar m ©

ag h

Ar m

ag h

The Fever Hospital cost Lord John £3 , 500 but he allowed the Trustee s of the newly f or med Asylum for the Blin d to have the hosp i tal and grounds for a sum of £1~200. Patients were at first received from Louth , Down, and Tyrone in which , but na tiv es of Armagh, the counties the Macans had interests county with which the family was most intimately connected , were to have p reference.

i:;7

us eu m

ST. MALACHY' S CHAPEL CHAPEL LANE

eu us

ou ag

h m Ar ©

ou nt

ag Ar m

ou C h

nt y

us eu m

C Ar m

Ar m

ag h ©

ou nt y

T. G. F. PATERSON.

Ar m ©

ou nt

This I have done by

nt y

ag h

Ar m

was loaned

T. Fee of Maynooth

tile way of annotations.

m Ar

compiled by the

is undated and the script

to me by the Rev. Professor

and in the immediate

The material

ag h

late Rev. L. Murray.

proximity

of the Church of St. Brigid

vicinity

in close

birthplace

the traditional

situated

us eu m

st. Malachy formerly

on the Old Chapel of

M y

This is a copy of some notes

eu m

ARMAGH

fb• devouring

flame of persecution

finally

of Ireland;

some ot which resulted

nt y

ou nt

h lost

outside

in dreadful

Cookstown

One such d11a1te-r occurred

of many

were the occasions

Jtt..

accidents,

on long-

Ar m

structures

but the

ed and rotten

strain

and resultant

or unused

vacant lofts

coach houses for the purpose of saying Mass;

Ol'o'Wdi.ng,congestion,

granted

to use old factories,

Ar m

1o the "1.cissi tudes of the elements - had already 8 •1on

Sunday,

after

Sunday

being exposed,

tenants

- ashamed

their

amongst the landlords

ot '"ing

more tolerant

Ar m

or the

the Penal Code.

ag h

own power le s sne s s to enforce

Ar m

a sense of shame, combined with a consciousness

that

rulers

from the bigoted

It was not any new

Ar m

respectively,

us eu m

were increased,

towards Catholics

conflagra-

ou nt

ag h

of kindness

1R'I.Ulgconcessions

CJ!their

in one county,

serious

ag h

or a priest

t:rom£,'0 and £20 to £200 and £70.

bat rather

really

a bishop

llom feeling

to-day

being

in the year 1744 when the rewards for

t1oJl occurred

The last

burned

were still

showing themselves

-.., ~-morrow in another. -.,turing

outbursts

life,

spa~odic

of bondage.

had gradually

although

tanned into

to break on the long night

vasbeginning J:tself out,

The dawn

the whole of Ireland.

th roughout

which was

11>progress

activity

were

us eu m

church- building

century

us eu m

tor the intense

l\Oted

decades of the eighteenth

middle

ou nt y

eu m

us eu m

THEOLDCHAPEL II

of a floor

of Mass, that

of 1744 was recalled

to erect

sites,

where the buildings

places of worship on secluded

us eu m

nt y

us M

ou nt

but he

Ar ©

Ar m

of churches,

his

Not merely did he

to the building

without

- usually

Ar m

to the task of

- in order to make sure that out.

that

It is related

to parish

carried

attention

ag h

Ar m

entirely

around from parish notice

of suitable

of his famous Catechism,

of his activities.

for Years he devoted himself

CJ prenous

than Dr. Michael O'Reilly,

and the building

Ar m

object

of the

of Armagh;

;l"~•l.ling

ou nt

taken advantage of by the bishops

ehurcbes was, next to the writing the chief

of the Penal Laws -

ou nt y

Ar m

by the relaxation

None was more active

archbishop

ecclesiastical.

~.41.~cipline - afforded :COuntry.

for perfecting

ag h

-11d the opportunity

was eagerly

of many abuses

in during the long period of oppression;

that had crept

had been the origin

Dire necessity

ag h

.could not be seen from the public highways.

permission

us eu m

received

and Catholics

The cruel

before a year had

~ roclaniation elapsed;

to the Catholics.

concessions

long overdue,

government to grant many welcome, if

torced a reluctant

finaJ.ly

eu m

during the celebration

was

~wdi,ng

but it would appear that it in Dublin,< 1 )caused by over-

the collapse

ur o'WilArchdiocese;

us eu m

ill

•'

16G.

eu m

which was probab ly more creditable

severity

to have publicly

zeal

and caring In spite

and sacred utensils.

the children,

vestments

for the altar,

attention

at Mass, instructing

preaching

we are told he paid special

such occasions

for any abuses that he may have observed.

pastors

to his

rebuked the

than to his prudence,

M y

ou nt C

h m

pp. 1+()6and lt47.

a... Stuart

That no Mass is to begin on any occasion after l p.m.

Ar m

of the introduction

regime:

evidence

Ar m

settled

furnish

three

us eu m

nt y

Amongst the

Primacy.

(2)

duri.n.g the

successor,

made at a Synod held in Dundalk in 1761,

tbe following ot a •ore

of the latter's

years

nt y

by his

was continued

l>r. Anthony Blake (1758-1782) - at least

recuiations

ag h

policy

Dr. O'Reilly's

being

clubs or public-halls.

Ar m

used as schools,

•ulier

us eu m

score were in use

memory - a few of which are still

Ar m

living

within

another

At least

in the parish

of Killeeshil.

Ar m

St~ Malachy' s in Armagh, and Tullyallen

of Cooley,

ou nt y

- Grange in the parish

ag h

section

in use at the time of

ou nt

this

zeal are still

writing

to his

existence

ag h

he was a great man in every sense of severity, Three of the chapels which owe their the word. <2 )

of this

us eu m

15 said to have been in the habit of paying surprise y1si ts during the time of Sunday Mass; and, with a

lCJ . That the parochial Mass is never to be re~oved from the usual station .

That no colle ct ion at funerals be made on any street or road; nor Mass said for such excep t at t he usual stations prayers .

nt y

we presume

ou nt

C h

stated,

them

the inscription

For reaaons already

-----------------

of tbe Old Chapel bears

nt y C

Ar m

11 •

us eu m

Some such good monuments behind

good pe r formances

The date-stone

us eu m

amongst

tendency

of the

in the words of the Fathers

said

the origin

Ar m

the Synod of 1764,

ou nt y

ag h

Ar m

to leave,

ou nt

Ar m

and now almost proverbial

Parish priests

or their

ag h

Ar m

indicates

probably

This letter

tn1t»r.

ag h

m Ar ©

churches:

My Lord, at the success As much as we rejoice, your Grace met with in building some Mass-houses where none had been before , we equally feel and partake of your Grace's concern at the negligence as y et , of some parish priest s in promoting p ro perly the erecting of chapel s in their which is attended with many bad parishes, we erefore, consequences to our congregation. most humbly request that your Grace may be pleased for the future any not to re:nove or translate in that parish priest whom·you will find negligent before he leaves duty to any better benefice, some such good monument behind him of his saLd And we further beg your Grace not nerformance . to collate for the future (for three years by way of punishment) any priest to any benefice 'Who 'Will once refuse one offered to him ••.••.

ag m

were being made to supply suitable

of the e fforts

(June 5th, 1764) gives us a hint

that

years

Synod held in Dundalk three

His Grace from another later

addressed

from a letter

extract

The following

eu m

us eu m

~us eu m

was taken by so~e of the Catholic

In the absenqe

of the original

eu m

the initiative

on the fragmentary

laymen .

or any contempo r ary

lease (3~

dependent

- we are entirely

account

that

seems evident

, although

of construction

period

the

during

nn was in charge of the parish

0' Sylvester Quinn

us eu m

C h

m Ar ©

M y

ou nt

of Deeds in Dubli n;

nt y

Ar m

nt y

ag h

Ar m

pp . 545...~6 •

ou nt y

stuart,

at Regis try

us eu m

ou nt

Ar m

Should be lvailable

corr ect:

is substantially

ag h

m (3)

of the chapel , we may take

south"The Roman Cat holi c Chapel is situated near the spo t eastward of the Cathedral, It was where Temple Brigid for~erly stood. built in an enclosure off Chapel - lane , which forms the direct line of communication The betwixt Castle Street and Ogle Street . ground on which it was erected was, in par t, the property of the Annesley family, to by whose ancestor it had been transferred The King James I on the 9th January, 1618 . however, derived their Roman Catholics, unde r a lease made on 2nd December title 1750 , by Thomas Conroy of the ci t y o-f Dublin Arthur O' Neill, to Messrs. Henry Whittington Pierce Maguire, John Qui nn., Robert Jones, Edward Whit t ington, and Edward Savage, for a te.rm or 31 years, at two gui n eas per annum . Shortly after the perfe cti ng of t hi s Aft er th e i nd enture the chap el was built. ~.xpiration of the lease the tenement continued to be held under Thomas Campbell in

Ar ©

the account

of people

must have known plenty

the building

ag h

ag m

wo remembered

As Stuart

inscription.

that

Memoirs of the City of Historical in Stuart's Armagh, <4 ) published 67 years after the date on the

notice

then vested whL-· Conroy 1s title lease of Rev . W. Martin (;;; chief

eu M

us M

ou nt

C h

ag m

p. 54-.5'.

nt y

of Armagh

ancient

Dr. Reeves has

memoir

Christians

Armaghhad a devotion· to St. Brigid. Stuart• s

nt y

Ar m

the early

Ar m

that

of the old

This was a very

- indicating

- had been within the precincts

it not all

Regles Bhrighde or Templebreed.

portion

the gr eater

Map, that

with

from two

from a

however,

comparison

foundation

ou nt y

ag h

is evident,

Rocque's

the groun ds

chapel bad bean cut . off

by St. Malachy's properties.

that

us eu m

ou nt

Ar m

us to understand

Ar m

tifferant

gives

necupied

Ar m

ag h

enlarged and The chapel has been greatly The roo~ is improved within these few years . for three distinct as if constructed triple, houses, and has a singular appearance , but the effect to the entire building has a pleasing view .

This account

(S)

ag h

Another portion of the premises on which the chapel was built belonged to Thomas Ogle, to Esq. who granted it during his own tenure, . the Roman Catholics of the parish gratuitously About the year 1799, Ogle Str eet became partly the property of Messrs . William and James gentlemen ~ade a Cochran and these liberal in the chapel renewable lease of their interest at of the congregation tenement to the trustees rent ..... . a barley-corn

eu m

us eu m

In 1806 the tenant for the. re:nises to the Earl of Anglesey expired, and the Annesley property was purchased in 1799 by Leonard Dobbin, Esq. 'WhoNenerously granted a lease of the chapel for 999 years at 5d. per annum, to the Rev. Raymond O' Hanlon, D .D. Hessrs. Charles Whittington , Dennis McKee Charles ttington, Richard Whittington for the Cavanagh, and James Gribbin in trust of the parish of Armagh .. ... . Roman Catholics

us eu m

yards from the no rth - east

us eu m

th eir

ou nt y

us eu m

nt y

in the

- a gentleman

town but in a pbpular

that

strip;i

had orig~y

property ot which it--h'ad ~ormed a part

had belon g e<l

or the chapel grounds that

of the land.

to the Ogle estate must have ·been a very slender ••

has been

ballad

Ar m

The »ortion

in every part

for generations

o£ bis native

Ar m

commemorated not merely in the nomenclature

-tlhose name is

ou nt

by Mr. Leonard Dobbin

of Anglesey's

was purchased

Earl

liberty

Ar m

f:;unily until

re~ained

the property

1799 when the

Anglesey

of Angl esey.

of the Earls

by Stuart,

As stated

ancestor

ag h

Annesley

Francis

Ar m

/rom whom, in 1619, they were pa ssed by pate nt to Sir

to Fra n cis Edgeworth -

ou nt

all

toge t h er with

Ar~agh wer e granted

Ar m

ambi t and precin ct

cir cui t,

11 ,

ag h

sci te,

nuns of Templebreda

iroperty

h ag m

In 161 6, t he

Armagh. 24 Sept . 1612 . Near the town of Ar~agh called Templebreed and Templefartagh are t wo monasteries The late abbess farta gh which were dissolved . or priories ss was seized of all the a~bitus and and of p re cincts of the aforesaid ~onasteries, of lan d and three tenements cert ain parcells or adjoi ni ng; al so of th e half townland of bal l i bo e of Broghan , and of all the tithes Brogha n, Kil f uddy, Lat t ecollin and Drombies . Since th e Dis solu tion, a ce r tai n Chan t er u s ed to the house called Templebreed. inhabit

of the year 1612 deals

Inquisition

foreign

with the old foundation

the

to Templebreed in the I rish

eu m

and

thirty

corner of St . Malachy's s chapel.

There are numerous references Annals

church was about

of the ancient

the site

sboWil that

had been known , in earlier Thr ough the course

i t was gr adually

acquired

us eu m (?)whose

us eu m

See-

It seems to . me more likely that he wa.s Arthur O'Neill Draper, Castle St., Armagh;. -$ee Census of A~ City

1770.

...

ou nt

(l).

note

John Quinn

.M-

''Memoir of Armagh", p.~ll,

was

named "Sylvester

in the Ar.magh census of 1714

al..ao p.4ltJ.

this

a Papist

and

we discovered

out if

nt y

to find

Ar m

and Charles

Ar m

Stuart's

Curious

of Whittington

Whittington

family,

of 1750,

a Catholic

of 1799.

nt y

Henry and Edward 1n the lease in that

is that

leases

Ar m

in the various

occurring

priest

the name most frequently

to say,

Strange

parish

in Armagh at an

- had served

ag h

Ar m

and Mullabrack

- afterwards

Art O'Neill

pastor

of the absentee

of Ballymore

period . .

ou nt y

in place

Ar m

- acting

Father

(7)

Art hur O' Neill,

ou nt

ag h

that

in the various

whose names appear

Weknow that

Richard

and

second in the lea se of 1750, ~ay have been curate

of the parish

earlier

M y

we do not know something

It is possible

name is

people

that

is a pity

- Ogle Street

comme.norate his name .< 6)

- wbicb still

ag h

about those

(6)

ag m

Thomas Street

opposition

and opened the two new streets

leases.

and Marshes

1750) who, in the face of tremendous

(circa

from

was Thomas Ogle

The most fa mous of the Ogle family

built

by the Ogles

- Burnhams, Featherstones

lessees

of a century

eu m

as the "New Demesne 11 •

docu:nents,

various

of it

us eu m

Part

the Primate.

us eu m

been held by the sept of the MacCoddans as tenants

/"f. ..,

the leading

builder

of th e period( 9 ) _ we have seen his name, carved

ou nt y

nt y C

- these

the plans

bulging

ta the word

probab;y . of the Castle street famil.y. Tg-( . 014 home- of the f.w.ly be~~ date stones of 1730 & 1830

(lQ) Stuart makes D.o ;reference

M y

determining

and

masons

buildings,

Ar m

considerations

John Quinn

Ar m

(9)

the cbie£

nt y

of half'-skilled

of existing

and

quickly

te make the best use of· the cramped space allotted ~ere US~lly

us eu m

was determ ined,

ag h

advantage

- referred

over which the

To build

the limitations

to take

ou nt

control.

Ar m

to utilise

and carpenters,

Ar m

by circumstances

had little

~Signers

d etail

of Drs.

effect

app earance

to remark here

to the activities

T'ne bulging

as "a singula:r

may be certain,

~h~aply,

appearance

and O'Byrne.

Ji$

be sufficient

owed its

to by Stuart

in greater

as known to the pre sent generation

Ar m

O'Hanlon

will

ag h

~vi.dently

ag h

the chapel,

that

O'Byrne Byrne ( 1810 -1819 ).

we shall .have to deal wi"th thi s ~attar it

of Drs . Raymond

us eu m

the pastorates

O'Hanlon (1795-1 810) and Pat rick

chapter,

the church had been considerably

that

enlar ged and improved during

in a later

as well

from Stuart ' s narrative,

lrom other docu.~ents,

nt evident

It is

of Dr . Troy to

Armagh.

the visit

ou nt

with

~ee t

us eu m

him again in connection

We shall

of Armagh.

eu m

buildings

in stone ,

in many of the older

of 1750) was evidently

us eu m

(in tbe lease

us eu m

eu m

during

nt y

the slow and gradual

ou nt

nt y

ou nt y

who lived

ou nt

pastors

Ar m

which witnessed

Ar m

ag h

of the pion~er

us eu m

of the Penal

Ar m

appearance

h years

Ar m

ag h

ag seventy

Ar m

ag h

Ar 5g7

dis-

Code .