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forensic nursing: key to disaster preparedness strategy p. 58

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VOLUME 22 • NUMBER 4 • WINTER 2013

Contents CE ARTICLES

Forensic nursing: Key to Disaster Preparedness Strategy by Linda Doyle

FEATURES 16 close encounters with

criminal minds by Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V

52 DMO KNIVES:

An interview with founders brian cathey and rob garcia

70 tactically training women:

An interview with Karen Bartuch

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

COLUMNS 10 forensics in the news 51 success files Kevin Theriault

76 fiction: Never a Cross Word

by Shelly Reuben

IN THIS ISSUE 08 New Members 09 ACFEI NEWS 12 ACCREDITATION 20 BOOK REVIEW

Optimal Living 360: Smart Decision Making for a Balanced Life by Sanjay Jain

74 BOOK REVIEW

Forensic Nursing: EvidenceBased Principles and Practice by Rose E. Constantino, Patricia A. Crane, and Susan E. Young

75 BOOK REVIEW Expert Witness in the Legal System by Morris Zedek, PhD

21 51

85 ACFEI logo products

2014 EXECUTIVE SUMMIT 23 schedule at a glance 24 hotel information 26 about the area 28 travel arrangements 30 sponsorship information 31 exhibitor information 36 acfei breakout sessions 44 APA / AAIM breakout sessions 46 ABCHS breakout sessions

48 continuing education 49 application form Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

2013 EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD *Note: For spacing and consistency considerations, the number of designations listed has been limited.

ACFEI EXECUTIVE ADVISORY BOARD

CHAIR

Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V Chair, American Board of Forensic Medicine Nicholas G. Apostolou, DBA, CPA, Cr.FA

Ronald G. Lanfranchi, PhD, DC, CMI-IV

Donna Garbacz Bader, MSN, RNC, CFN, CMI-I

Monique Levermore, PhD

Larry Barksdale, MA

Jonathan Lipman, PhD

E. Robert Bertolli, OD, CMI-V

Judith Logue, PhD

Kenneth E. Blackstone, MS, CFC, CCI

Mike Meacham, PhD, LCSW

David T. Boyd, Cr.FA, DBA, CPA, CMA

David Miller, DDS

Jules Brayman, CPA, CVA

Leonard I. Morgenbesser, PhD

John Brick, PhD, MA, CMI-V

Jacques Ama Okonji, PhD

Richard C. Brooks, PhD, CGFM

Norva E. Osborne, OD, CMI-III

Dennis L. Caputo, MS, CHMM, QEP

Ronald J. Panunto, PE, CFC, CFEI, CVFI

Dennis H. Chevalier, CMI-I, CPPP, FIPC, BS

Larry H. Pastor, MD, CFC

David F. Ciampi, PhD

Theodore G. Phelps, CPA

Andrew N. Dentino, MD

Marc Rabinoff, EdD, CFC

James A. DiGabriele, PhD, CPA, ABV, CFF

Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP

John Shelby DuPont Jr., DDS

Harold F. Risk, PhD

Raymond Fish, PhD, MD

Susan P. Robbins, PhD, LCSW, DCSW, CMFSW

Per Freitag, PhD, MD

Jane R. Rosen-Grandon, PhD

L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, MFS, RN

Douglas Ruben, PhD

Ron Grassi, DC, MS

J. Bradley Sargent, CPA, CFS, Cr.FA

Richard C. W. Hall, MD, CFP

William Sawyer, PhD

John J. Haberstroh, DC, CFC, CMI-V

Howard A. Shaw, MD

Raymond F. Hanbury, PhD, ABPP

Ivan Sosa

David L. Holmes, EdD

Henry A. Spiller, MS

Leo L. Holzenthal Jr., PE, BSEE, MSE

Marilyn J. Stagno, PsyD, RN

Matthew Howard, PhD, MSW, MS, BA

James R. Stone, MD, MBD, CMI-V

Edward J. Hyman, PhD

George S. Swan, JD

Zafar M. Iqbal, PhD

William A. Tobin, MA

Nursine S. Jackson, MSN, RN

Robert Tovar, MA, CPP

Scott A. Johnson, MA, LP, DABPS

Patricia A. Wallace, PhD, CFCE

Philip Kaushall, PhD

Raymond Webster, PhD

Eric Kreuter, PhD, CPA, CMA, CFM

Dean A. Wideman, MSc, MBA, CFC, CMI-III

2013 EDUCATION COMMITTEE *Note: For spacing and consistency considerations, the number of designations listed has been limited.

Puneet Arora, MD, MBBS, CFP, CMI-V

Joan C. Perin, CPA, Cr.FA, CFC, CGMA

Ralph Carnesecchi, MPS, CMI-III

John D. Petkanas, DDS, CFC, CMI-V

Larry D. Crumbley, PhD, CPA, Cr.FA

Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP

L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, MFS, RN, CFN

Douglas H. Ruben, PhD

Amy M. Garcie, DPN, APRN, ACNP, CFN

Larry F. Stewart, CFC, MSFS

Joseph A. Juchniewicz, MA, CCI, CFC, LPT

Kevin R. Theriault, BS, CCI, CFC

Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V

Mark Tomlin, CMI-III

E. Frank Livingstone, MD, CFP

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

MEMBERS

Marilyn J. Nolan, MS Chair, American Board of Forensic Counselors James H. Hutson, DDS, CMI-V Chair, American Board of Forensic Dentistry Kevin Theriault, BS, CFC Chair, American Board of Forensic Examiners Ben Venktash, Peng(UK), FSE Chair, American Board of Engineering and Technology L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, RN, CFN Chair, American Board of Forensic Nursing Douglas Fountain Chair Emeritus, American Board of Forensic Social Workers Rodolfo J. Rosado, PhD Chair, American Board of Psychological Specialties Gregg M. Stutchman Chair, American Board of Recorded Evidence Robert Boyden, PhD, MS, SCSA Chair, American Board of Certified Criminal Investigators S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD, FCLM Chair, Legal Advisory Board Robert K. Minniti, CPA, MBA, Cr.FA Chair, American Board of Forensic Accounting

CONTINUING EDUCATION ACFEI provides continuing education credits for accountants, nurses, physicians, dentists, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists. Approvals for continuing education activities are subject to change. For the most up-to-date status, please check the course catalog on our Web site, www.acfei.com, or contact the Registrar’s office toll-free at (800) 423-9737. ACFEI is an approved provider of Continuing Education by the following: Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education National Association of State Boards of Accountancy National Board for Certified Counselors California Board of Registered Nurses American Psychological Association California Board of Behavioral Sciences Association of Social Work Boards American Dental Association (ADA CERP) The Missouri Sheriff’s Association co-sponsors Police Officer Standards Training (POST) accreditation for the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute’s activities. The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute® is a member of the National Certification Commission and the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education. The Ethics exam, Law exam, Evidence exam, Certified Medical Investigator®, CMI exam levels I-V, Certified Forensic Accountant, Cr.FA® exam, Certified Forensic Nurse, CFN® exam, and the Certified Forensic Consultant, CFC® exam are all approved for G.I. Bill benefits.

ACFEI ADVISORY BOARDS

American Board of Certified Criminal InvestigatorsSM

Chair: Robert Boyden, PhD, MS, SCSA VICE Chair: Dennis Chevalier, CPPP, FIPC, CMI-I Dilsher Ali, CAMS, CCI, MS, PCI Kenneth E. Blackstone, MS, CFC, CCI Marvin “Gene” Bullington, CFC Mark Boutwell, CSI, MI, CMI-I, CCI, CPPP, FIPC Henry “Scott” Browne, MS, RS, CCI John Daab, PhD, MBA, MPS, CI, CFC, CCI Joseph A. Juchniewicz, MA, CCI, CFC, LPT Eric Lakes, CLWE, MCSE David Millsap, CCI, CMI-III Thomas R. Price, CFC, CCI, FACFEI, DABFE Harold F. Risk, PhD, FACFEI, DABPS Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V

American Board of Forensic Accounting®

Chair: Robert K. Minniti, CPA, Cr.FA, CVA, CFF, MBA VICE Chair: Stewart L. Appelrouth, CPA, CFLM, CVA, Cr.FA Gary Bloome, CPA, Cr.FA Alexander Lamar Casparis, CPA, ABV, CFF, CITP Hugh M. Christensen, CPA, ABV, CFF, CVA, Cr.FA Suzanne D. Hillman, CPA, CFF, Cr.FA, CITP Michael G. Kessler, Cr.FA, CICA Eric A. Kreuter, PhD, CPA Robert B. Lechter, CPA, Cr.FA Joan C. Perin, CPA, Cr.FA, CFC, CGMA Joshua S. Rader, CPA, Cr.FA, ABV, CFF J. Bradley Sargent, CPA, Cr.FA, CFLM, CVA Larry Settles, CPA, Cr.FA, ABV, CITP Richard M.Teichner, CPA, Cr.FA, ABV, CVA, CFF

American Board of Forensic Counselors®

Chair: Marilyn J. Nolan, MS James B. Clarke, MA, LPC, NCC, MAC Rhiannon Condon, LPC, LCSW, LCDC, CADC William M. Sloane, JD, LLM

American Board of Forensic Dentistry

Chair: James H. Hutson, DDS, CMI-V Bill B. Akpinar, DDS, CMI-V Benjamin Antioquia, DDS Stephanie L. Anton-Bettey, DDS, CMI-V, CFC Robert Byrd, DDS Dennis Flanagan, DDS Brian Karasic, DMD, MScFin, MBA, CMI-V R. Gordon Klockow, DDS Chester B. Kulak, DMD, CMI-V, CFC John Petkanas, DDS, CFC, CMI-V Kathryn Vitiello, DMD

American Board of Forensic Examiners®

Chair: Kevin Theriault, BS, CFC, CCI Jess P. Armine, DC Ronna F. Dillon, PhD, CMI-V Bruce H. Gross, PhD, JD, MBA Henry P. Hambel, PhD, CPP, MEMS-M

Darrell C. Hawkins, JD, CMI-V Edward Heyden, EdD Michael W. Homick, PhD, EdD Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V Anthony Kemmerlin, CMI-V, DABFE Ronald G. Lanfranchi, DC, PhD, CMI-IV John L. Laseter, PhD, CMI-IV Lawrence Lavine, DO, MPH, CFC, CMI-V Leonard K. Lucenko, PhD, CFC, CPSI Marc A. Rabinoff, EdD, CFC Luis Rivera, CPA, CFF James A Williams, PhD, CFC

American Board of Forensic Engineering and Technology®

Chair: Ben Venktash, FRSH(UK), FSE VICE Chair: George C. Frank, CFC VICE Chair: James P. Waltz, PE, MBA, CEM, LEED, AP Ali Fayad, PE Gregory Harrison, PhD, PE Michael Nunez, PhD, PE J.W. “Bill” Petrelli Jr., AIA, NCARB, TAID, CFC Max L. Porter, PhD, PE, CFC John Robbins, PE Frank Stephenson, PhD, PE

American Board of Forensic Medicine®

Chair: Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V VICE Chair: Matthias I. Okoye, MD, MSc, JD, FRCP Michael Cardwell, MD, JD John A. Consalvo, MD Louis W. Irmisch III, MD, CFP, CMI-V Michael Fitting Karagiozis, DO, MDiv, CFP, CMI-V Lawrence Lavine, DO, MPH, CMI-V, CFC Kenneth A. Levin, MD, CFP, FACFEI, DABFM, DABFE E. Franklin Livingstone, MD, CFP Manijeh K. Nikakhtar, MD, MPH, CFP, CMI-V John R. Parker, MD, CFP, FCAP Jerald H. Ratner, MD, CFP S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD, FCLM

American Board of Forensic Nursing®

Chair: L. Sue Gabriel, EdD, MSN, RN, CFN, MFS Donna Garbacz Bader, MSN, RNC, CFN, CMI-I, CFC Marilyn A. Bello, RNC, MS, CMI-IV, CFN, CFC Cynthia J. Curtsinger, RN, CFN, SANE Linda J. Doyle, RN, CFN, CMI-III, CLNC Diane L. Reboy, MS, RN, CFN, LNCC, CNLCP Suzanne Rotolo, PhD, MSN, RN, CFN, SANE-A, SANE-P

Raymond F. Hanbury, PhD, ABPP, LPC Paula M. Mackenzie, PsyD Helen D. Pratt, PhD Richard M. Skaff, PsyD Charles R. Stern, PhD, CMI-V Joseph C. Yeager, PhD Donna M. Zook, PhD, CFC

American Board of Recorded Evidence®

Chair: Gregg M. Stutchman Ernst F. W. (Rick) Alexanderson, BA, MBA Eddy B. Brixen Stephen C. Buller Marisa Dery Ryan O. Johnson, BA Michael C. McDermott, JD Jennifer E. Owen, BA Thomas J. Owen, BA

American Board of Forensic Social Workers®

Chair EMERITUS: Douglas Fountain, PhD, LCSW James Andrews, MSW, LCSW, CMFSW Matthew A. Capezzuto, PhD, LISW, AFC Viola Vaughan-Eden, PhD, LCSW, CMFSW Nathalie P. Hughes, MSW, CMFSW Tina Jaeckle, PhD, LCSW, CFC, CMFSW Shannon C. Lebak, MSW, LCSW, CMFSW Michael G. Meacham, PhD, LCSW Kathleen Monahan, DSW, CMFSW, LMFT, CFC, MSW Susan P. Robbins, PhD, LCSW, DCSW, CMFSW Christine Routhier, AFSW, LCSW, CMFSW Steven J. Sprengelmeyer, MSW, MA, LISW, CMFSW

Legal Advisory Board

Chair: S. Sandy Sanbar, MD, PhD, JD CJ Abraham, PE, PhD, JD Michael Cardwell, MD, JD Joseph F. Connolly, II, MMA, MEd, JD, FRSA Paul D. Friedman, MA, PhD, JD Robert Fish, DDS, JD, FAGD James L. Greenstone, EdD, JD, CMI-I Pamela Ann Geyer, RN, CFN, JD Robert D. Hall, PhD, JD Cynthia A. Lee, PhD, JD, CMI-I William “Bill” McClure, DC, JD Robert W. Muench, JD Joshua K Roberts, JD Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD, CFP, CMI-V

American Board of Psychological Specialties®

Chair: Rodolfo J. Rosado, PhD VICE Chair: Douglas H. Ruben, PhD Carol J. Armstrong, PhD, MS, LPC Martha Barham, RN, PhD, CFC Madeline M. Daniels, PhD, CMI-V Ronna F. Dillon, PhD, CMI-V Raymond H. Hamden, PhD, CFC, CMI-V

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

WELCOME New Members New Members

Geraldine Adams Robert Alexander Salah Alzanbagi Stella Anzaldua Reviewer ASWB Kelly Berishaj Leah Brady Michael Bulmer Robert Candland Victor Carbone Alex Caylor Kenneth Cliburn Clairette Clinger Steven Collins Maureen Cooney Sandra Davis Era Dearmon Gustavo Debourg Charles Duffy Eric Eltzroth Norma Everett Paje Fair Dwight Ferguson Timothy Fogarty Dan Foy Soren Frederiksen Michael Gambino Andrea Giambrone Margie Gilbert Richard Gonzalez Karla Gothard Mary Groce-Madison Arthur Hallstrom Kelly Harris Shannon Hoots Cid Caitlin Hosn George Hunt Janet Jesiolowski Wilbert Jones Teresa Jorgensen Azzam Karaki Susanne Kee

Paige Keim Sung Kim Tino Kyprianou Jay Lake Greg Langford Amber LaRoe-Winter Matthew Lee Jessica Lord John Lowery Tammera Maroney Keith Martinous Vivian Mathis Charles McAleer Shara McDonald Dianna McMullan Rebecca Mowen David Myerberg Natalie Myers Tekyam Krishnakumar Naidu Christian Nino-Moris Chris O’Connell Dana Oldham James Pantel Hasmukh “Harry” Patel William Pitard Jan Polasky Melissa Richard Ellen Rittenberg Nathan Rosato Kimberly Rosborough Scott Rosenquist Ashley Rusciano Lynn Russell Diane Sanchez-Bianco Elise Schack Mark Scribner Gillian Sheppard Trisha Sheridan Jennifer Skridulis Nakesha Smith Brianna Stieler Angela Suarez Shirley Sunn

Due to space limitations, degrees and professional designations are not listed.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Eunice Talley Reginaldo Tirotti Joseph Tolner Arturo Uribe Rachelle Valenzuela William Vicaldo Kathleen Walker Rick Watts Connie Wells Kurt Wessels Beverly White Raphael Woodall Heather Young Stephen Zamucen Christopher Zubiate New Fellows

Donald Jones Newly Credentialed

Carolyn Adams Kelly Berishaj Richard Bond John Bunting Douglas Carner Sandra Davis Lorraine Edey Norma Everett Timothy Fogarty Margie Gilbert Diane Glenn Paul Hamilton Donald Haneline Sheena Havens Yvette Hurd Susanne Kee Jay Lake Erica Lemberger Mark Makara Tammera Maroney Vivian Mathis Matthew McKinnon Shannon Morfeld

Arthur Nowlin Chris O’Connell Tara O’Hare Della Ostendorf Christopher Pembrook Michael Powers Ellen Rittenberg Ernest Rogers Daniel Roig Nathan Rosato Lynn Russell Rosario Sanchez Sherece Shavel Trisha Sheridan Franklin Singh John Sullivant Shirley Sunn Shelliann Threadgill Loretta Trujillo James White Anne Wilson Raphael Woodall

ACFEI NEWS

acfei accreditation update As you may know, ACFEI has been working towards aligning our certification programs to meet National Commission for Certifying Agencies accreditation guidelines. The American Board of Forensic Nursing has led the way and achieved a major goal this month when the nursing survey was sent out to all nurses. By receiving feedback from a diverse network of forensic nurses, we will be able to ensure program integrity and determine the importance of the proposed job tasks.

ES22 Tucson ☀ Arizona

Please keep in mind we will be sending out surveys in the future for all forensic specialties and we will need your help in making sure the surveys are completed and dispersed to relevant professionals.

Certified Instructor, CI ACFEI has been working with Nathaniel Cole our Certified Instructor, CI for the Certified Forensic Accountant program to offer live instruction in Nigeria. If you are interested in a live training, please contact member services for details at 800.423.9737.

Exhibit booth We visited Pittsburgh, PA recently to exhibit the ACFEI booth for the Wecht Institute of Forensic Science and Law’s 13th annual conference. During our time, we learned about the JFK assassination and met some wonderful people. If you know of a conference that would be beneficial for ACFEI to attend and exhibit, please contact member services at 800.423.9737. Additionally, look for our JFK Symposium follow-up in our spring 2014 issue.

Executive Summit Don’t forget to register for the 2014 Executive Summit before Dec. 31st to receive a discounted rate! Call member services at 800.423.9737 to sign up today. A tentative presentation schedule is now available online when you visit www.theexecutivesummit.net.

☀ educate

☀ integrate

☀ collaborate ☀ motivate

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

FORENSICS IN THE NEWS

election hack: stealing votes the cyber way

Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/ august/election-hack-stealing-votes-the-cyber-way/ election-hack-stealing-votes-the-cyber-way

August 05, 2013 — A 22-year-old candidate for student council president at California State University San Marcos hoped to guarantee victory by rigging the election through cyber fraud, but he ended up winning a year in prison instead. Matthew Weaver used small electronic devices called keyloggers to steal the passwords and identities of nearly 750 fellow students. Then he cast votes for himself—and some of his friends on the ballot—using the stolen names. He was caught during the final hour of the election in March 2012 when network administrators noticed unusual voting activity associated with a single computer on campus. A Cal State police officer sent to investigate found Weaver working at that machine. He had cast more than 600 votes for himself using the stolen identities. “Some people wanted to paint this as a college prank gone bad, but he took the identities of almost 750 people, and that’s a serious thing,” said Special Agent Charles Chabalko, who worked the investigation out of our San Diego Division after being contacted by Cal State authorities. “He had access to these students’ e-mails, financial information, and their social networks. He had access to everything.” Weaver installed keyloggers—inexpensive devices easily purchased on the Internet— on 19 different campus computers. Those who used the machines were unaware that Weaver could later retrieve every keystroke they made, enabling him to obtain their usernames and passwords and then gain access to all their information.

a different kind of outreach:

evidence response teams connect with kids

PHOTO CREDIT: FBI PHOTO

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Fall Winter 2013 2013

April 30, 2013 — Members of our Evidence Response Teams (ERTs)—located in FBI offices around the country— often spend their days at scenes of deadly crimes or mass disaster sites collecting evidence to determine what happened and identify criminals or victims. But once in a while—as their hectic schedules allow—our ERT personnel leave behind the grim nature of their jobs to take part in outreach efforts with young people in their communities, demonstrating forensic procedures and often inspiring their audiences to consider a scientific or other type of career in the FBI.

“Over the past couple of years, ERT members have taken part in about 500 community events around the country…” Over the past couple of years, ERT members have taken part in about 500 community events around the country—usually through the Bureau’s community outreach program—and have reached an untold number of youngsters, from kindergartners through college students. These events include school career days and forensics classes; law school presentations; activities sponsored by youth groups, leadership groups, ethnic community-based groups, other law enforcement agencies, and businesses; summer camps; museum programs; county and state fairs; and police academies.

Shadows & LIGHT: New Software to Detect Forged Photos

consumer alert: pirated software may

Aug. 11, 2013 — Dartmouth and UC Berkeley researchers have developed new software to detect faked photos, using a geometric algorithm to locate inconsistent shadows that are not obvious to the naked eye. The new method debunks claims that the Apollo 11 lunar landing photo is fake. The new method is a significant step in the field of digital forensics, which national security agencies, the media, scientific journals, and others use to differentiate between authentic images and computerized forgeries. The study, titled “Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Shadows,” was presented last week at the Association for Computing Machinery’s SIGGRAPH conference and is to be published in the journal ACM Transactions on Graphics in September. Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit www.sciencedaily. com/releases/2013/08/130805152427.htm

The forensic procedures most often demonstrated? Using alternate light sources—like ultraviolet—to recover virtually invisible evidence; dusting for fingerprints; casting shoe and tire print impressions; sketching crime scenes; and recovering hair and fiber evidence. Another big draw is a tour of the ERT crime scene truck. Members of our ERT staff who take part in these events believe in their value, both for the students who participate and for the FBI. Source

This story has been condensed. To view the full story in its entirety, please visit http:// w w w. f b i . g ov /n e w s /s t o r i e s /2 0 1 3 /a p r i l / evidence-response-teams-connect-with-kids/ evidence-response-teams-connect-with-kids

contain malware

August 08, 2013 — You decide to order some software from an unknown online seller. The price is so low you just can’t pass it up. What could go wrong?

and even from peer-to-peer networks. The physical discs can be purchased from online auction sites, less-than-reputable websites, and sometimes from street vendors and kiosks. Pirated software can also be Plenty. Whether you’re downloading it or found pre-installed on computers overseas, buying a physical disc, the odds are good which are ordered by consumers online and that the product is pirated and laced with then shipped into the United States. malicious software, or malware. Who’s behind this crime? Criminals, Today, the National Intellectual Property hackers and hacker groups, and even orRights Coordination (IPR) Center—of ganized crime rings. which the FBI is a key partner—is warn- And the risks to unsuspecting consuming the American people about the real ers? For starters, the inferior and infected possibility that illegally copied software, software may not work properly. Your opincluding counterfeit products made to erating system may slow down and fail to look authentic, could contain malware. receive critical security updates. Our collective experience has shown this But the greater danger comes from poto be true, both through the complaints tential exposure to criminal activity—like we’ve received and through our investiga- identity theft and financial fraud—after tions. It’s also been validated by industry malware takes hold of your system. studies, which show that an increasing amount of software installed on computSource ers around the world—including in the This story has been condensed. To view U.S.—is pirated and that this software the full story in its entirety, please visit often contains malware. www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/august/ As in our above scenario, pirated soft- pirated-software-may-contain-malware/ ware can be obtained from unknown sellers pirated-software-may-contain-malware

Winter Fall 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

The Difference Between Certification & Accreditation CERTIFICATION

Accreditation

WHAT IS A CERTIFICATION PROGRAM?

WHAT IS ACCREDITATION?

Certification is the process through which an organization grants recognition to an individual, organization, process, service, or product that meets specific established criteria. Certification programs evaluate an individual’s current knowledge, skills, and competencies. Individuals undertake certifications voluntarily. Certification programs offer credentials rather than degrees. They do not require the individual undergo an educational or training program, but study materials may be offered.

Accreditation is the process by which a credentialing or certification program is evaluated against defined standards, and, when in compliance with these standards, is awarded recognition by a third party. The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute is currently aligning certification programs with National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) standards in anticipation of applying for accreditation through NCCA for its certifications. Find out more about accreditation and NCCA below.

HOW CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS AND ACCREDITATION WORK TOGETHER Individuals seek certification from American College of Forensic Examiners Institute (ACFEI), and ACFEI is seeking accreditation for its certifications from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA). The American College of Forensic Examiners Institute’s members often seek certifications from the association, such as certifications in forensic nursing, criminal investigation, forensic consulting, and many more. These certifications attest to an individual’s knowledge and competencies in that field. As an organization, ACFEI is seeking accreditation from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies for several certification programs. Each certification program receives accreditation separately from the others, if it is received. In other words, if one certification program ACFEI offers receives accreditation, that does not mean the other programs are accredited as well. Each certification goes through this process alone. If a program receives accreditation, it attests to the validity of that program, which increases the prestige each certified individual receives.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

ACCREDITATION ABOUT NCCA

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF

FORENSIC EXAMINERS

INSTITUTE

ACFEI AND CERTIFICATION

The Institute for Credentialing Excellence is the most prestigious organization dedicated to providing educational, networking, and advocacy resources for the credentialing community. ICE’s accrediting body, the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA), evaluates certification organizations for compliance with the NCCA Standards for the Accreditation of Certification Programs. NCCA’s Standards exceed the requirements set forth by the American Psychological Association and the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. ICE is a nationally recognized standards developer.

BENEFITS OF ACCREDITATION

ACFEI and its sub-boards are creating certification programs in the various fields of forensics, such as criminal investigation, forensic accounting, forensic social work, and forensic consulting. The goal of each program is to validate the professional knowledge and skills of certified individuals in the area. This is no small task.

Potential Benefits to the Field: • Standardizes practices and/or standards within an industry • Advances the specialty/field • Increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline • Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate

The association is in the process of aligning these certifications with accreditation standards by completing the following steps: • Establishing certification program policies • Enforcing ethics • Developing tests • Operating continuing education programs

Potential Benefits to Those with an Accredited Certification: • Grants recognition of knowledge and skills by a third party • Enhances professional reputation • Provides personal accomplishment • Supports continued professional development • Demonstrates a high level of commitment to the field of practice • Demonstrates a specific level of knowledge and skill • May increase opportunities for career advancement and/or increased earnings • Serves as a differentiator in a competitive job market

These processes align with industry standards such as those set forth by the NCCA and are driven by Subject Matter Experts. The Subject Matter Experts assist in the accreditation process. In this way, those who hold certifications from the ACFEI can be confident their credentials are credible and relevant to their specialty.

Public Board Members Needed As many of you know, we are working towards aligning our certification programs with accreditation practices. Part of this process includes adding public board members to our boards to represent the interests of the public. Here are the eligibility requirements for these positions:

• Willing to be an advocate to the public for the association • Not employed in forensics or the specialty field of that

board (for instance, nurses cannot serve as a public member on the American Board of Forensic Nursing) • Not be a member or hold a certification from the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute • Be legally employable in the U.S. Contact us at cao@acfei.com if you know someone who might be interested in one of these positions.

Potential Benefits to Employers: • Improves customer satisfaction • Increases competence level of employees • Useful in making employment decisions • Provides professional development opportunities for employees • Ongoing enhancement of knowledge and skills • Increases confidence in employees’ abilities • Demonstrates employers’ commitment to competence • Could provide a means to establish and enforce an ethical code • Can provide compliance with industry regulation/government requirements Potential Benefits to the Public: • Standardizes practices and/or standards within an industry • Advances the specialty/field and increases cooperation between organizations in the same discipline • Provides a means for an industry to self-regulate • Helps in identifying qualified service providers • Increases confidence in service providers • Provides disciplinary process to follow in case of complaints

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

ACCREDITATION

Beta Testing For Our Certification programs ACFEI members and staff have been working tirelessly to align our certification programs with accreditation practices, with the plan of applying for accreditation from the National Commission for Certifying Agencies (NCCA) once the process is complete. The first major step involved is defining the scope of each certification and compiling task statements, or lists of what job duties or competencies a certification candidate completes daily. Thanks to you, our members, several certification programs are ready to move on to the next step in the process: exam creation and beta testing. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) are writing exam items (test questions), and our goal is to have beta testing available at the 2014 Executive Summit, ES22 for several of our certification programs. Beta testing is an important step in this process. In beta testing, qualified candidates take the exam to see how it measures up. Items are tested on candidates to obtain statistics that will be used to improve the validity of the exam. For example, participants may all answer one question with the same wrong answer, indicating the question is faulty. The beta test is a means to gain statistics that can be sent to a psychometrician to analyze the difficulty and reliability of the exam. This information assists in setting the cutscore (passing score).

Individuals taking the beta test can include both those who are not yet certified in the program as well as those who already hold the certification. In fact, individuals currently holding these certifications are encouraged to take the beta test. Those who currently hold the certification will have to take the exam during or after beta testing to be eligible to use the accredited credential once the program receives accreditation. Before we can apply for accreditation from NCCA for any of our certification programs, we must have 500 candidates take the beta exam or for the exam to be in place for one year. We would greatly appreciate if those already certified in these programs would assist us by participating in the beta exam. For the beta exam, the certification application fee is waived. We are hoping to have beta testing available at the 2014 Executive Summit, ES22 for the following certifications: • Certified Forensic Consultant, CFC® • Certified Forensic Nurse, CFN® • Certified Forensic Master Social Worker, CFMSW® • Certified Forensic Accountant, Cr.FA If the beta tests are not available at ES 22, they will be available shortly. Again, we are grateful for all who participate in beta testing for these certifications.

You are the higher level of care. Take your dedication for patient care to the next level by becoming a Certified Forensic Nurse, CFN®. Demonstrate competencies in injury assessment, evidence collection, and signs of abuse for victims of violence. To learn more: Scan – the QR code Click – www.acfei.com/aldnurse Call – 800.423.9737

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Crisis Leadership & Emergency Management Prediction, Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Post response EARN YOUR GRADUATE CERTIFICATE IN CRISIS LEADERSHIP & EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

100% ONLINE Dear Reader, I am writing today to share with you a very unique opportunity here at Black Hills State University. As you well know, crises and emergencies arise without warning. Recent events in national news underscore the truth that these situations can happen anywhere at any time. Drawing upon their considerable experience in federal and state law enforcement and crisis situations, our faculty have developed a unique graduate certificate program that extends the traditional emergency management approach to include strong and practical leadership development. The Graduate Certificate in Crisis Leadership and Emergency Management (CLEM) at BHSU is designed to bridge academic rigor and best practices in order to develop individuals who can lead their organizations through crises using an all-hazards approach to managing critical incidents while preserving and valuing human capital. Dr. Vecchi or I would look forward to the opportunity to discuss your ongoing professional development needs and how BHSU might offer support through the CLEM program or other educational opportunities. For more information on CLEM, please visit www.BHSU.edu/CLEM or feel welcome to contact us at any time. Best, Mitch Hopewell, Ed.D. Thomas.Hopewell@BHSU.edu Gregory Vecchi, Ph.D. Gregory.Vecchi@BHSU.edu

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

FEATURE

Close Encounters with

Criminal

Minds By Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V

Serial killer Ted Bundy practically begged mental health experts to study him. He claimed it would provide valuable insights about serial killers like himself. He hoped for a truly in-depth, one-on-one examination, sorting through the details of his criminal acts with painstaking clinical analysis. Of course, he was a narcissist, so his request is no surprise, but he wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t wrong about the approach. Over the past century, a few mental health experts have tried to do precisely this with several extreme offenders. I have included samples below. Due to their clinical training and experience, these professionals have provided helpful ideas about what makes the most perverse multiple murderers tick. Although mental health professionals of any persuasion tend to evaluate offenders according to the explanatory codes of their times, a few were path-finders.

Even today, as we move toward a focus on neuroscience, autobiographical analysis remains an important part of criminology.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINERÂŽ Winter 2013

First Analysts Since the earliest days of psychiatry, “alienists” have tried to understand the motives and acts of the criminally insane. Initially they believed that anyone who acted contrary to reason must be psychotic, but then a certain type of rational criminal stood out. In 1809, hospital director Philippe Pinel noticed the disturbing behavior of what we now call a psychopath when he treated a missionary who had slaughtered his entire family. Subsequently, other wardens of psychiatric asylums studied “moral insanity” to learn how the basic human faculty for socially appropriate behavior could fail. Such offenders, they observed, had no remorse about their cruel or destructive acts, and yet they also had no identifiable delusional mental illness. Around 1830, the enthusiasm for scientific methods inspired physicians with a specialty in mental disease to clarify and systematize their knowledge about violent offenders. They focused on defining a context that made sense of dangerous aggression, based on notions about disease. Isaac Ray, a hospital superintendent, founded the discipline of forensic psychiatry with his publication in 1938 entitled A Treatise on the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity. His ideas influenced the defense team during the 1843 trial of Daniel M’Naghten, a British case that inspired the insanity “rule” still used as a defense throughout most of America today. During the 1880s, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Director of the Feldhof Asylum in Germany, served as a legal psychiatric consultant. To make the diagnosis of mental disorders scientific, he devised a system, publishing it in 1879 as A Textbook of Insanity and Psychopathia Sexualis with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct: A MedicoForensic Study. Clarifying such terms as necrophilia, masochism, and fetishism, and describing stunning cases of bestial aggression, he helped to clarify the abnormal. His approach set a precedent. Criminal Autobiographies Toward the end of the nineteenth century, French pathologist Alexandre Lacassagne urged incarcerated offenders to record their stories in writing. He believed that the insights would show up in the details, so he instigated “criminal autobiographies.” Each week he would check their notebooks, correcting and guiding them toward personal insight. In the process, he learned that many family histories of violent offenders were full of abuse, criminality, tension, and disease (physical and mental). From this data, Lacassagne developed his theory about specific social influences on criminality. Among the best criminal autobiographies was Der Sadist, written by Dr. Karl Berg in 1945 based on what serial killer Peter Kürten had told him. Berg had performed the autopsies on several victims of a bizarre crime spree in Dusseldorf, Germany, and when Kürten was caught, Berg had the opportunity to interview him. “Justice went deeper in his case,” Berg wrote, “and sought to probe the soul of this strange and enigmatic man.” Mugshot of Peter Kürten, German Federal Archive

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Howard Teten offered

a course in applied criminology, which became the basis for the Behavioral Science Unit and its method of behavioral profiling.

In 1929, Kürten had stabbed an eight-year-old girl thirteen times, set fire to her corpse, and stuffed it under a hedge. That same week, he’d stabbed a 45-year-old mechanic in the skull. Six months went by before he’d killed two girls at the fairgrounds, strangling the five-year-old and beheading the teenager. He had then used a hammer to slaughter a girl after he raped her and stabbed a child 36 times. A rape victim that Kürten had released led police to his home. Under arrest, he admitted to drinking blood from many of his victims because it had aroused him. After Kürten’s conviction in 1930, he confessed to Berg in shocking detail. For those aspects of the crime in which Kürten took great pleasure, his memory was quite accurate. He had admitted to crimes of which he had not even been accused, culminating in seventy-nine criminal incidents (including thirteen murders). He claimed he had no conscience. “Never have I felt any misgivings in my soul,” he told the judge. “Never did I think to myself that what I did was bad.” He blamed the “torture” he’d received during an earlier stint in prison and added, “I derived the sort of pleasure from these visions [of harm to others] that other people would get from thinking about a naked woman.” Details from his childhood, especially his association with an older sexual pervert, who had mentored him in animal rape, provided revelatory material. Berg’s detailed study of this killer set a standard. Going beyond a mere case analysis, he offered a means for other professionals to consider the psychological details of serial sexual sadism. Berg found the material “absorbing” and “enlightening.” He used a series of questions to guide Kürten, repeating them to get past Kürten’s initial edifice of lies. Berg also demonstrated to Kürten his own reveals, which seemed to undermine the offender’s desire to derail the probe. In the end, Berg found “Kürten utterly different from the man interrogated by police and judge. These crimes hitherto incomprehensible become comprehensible.” In other words, professionals with different training and a different agenda can learn more than the typical approach that law enforcement takes. In the U.S., Charles Starkweather, 19, viewed actor James Dean as his role model. He believed he was destined for greatness but also suffered from black moods in which he believed he would die young. With his fourteen-year-old girlfriend, Caril Ann Fugate, he cut a murderous swath through Nebraska in early 1958, killing eleven relatives, friends, and strangers. “I had hated and been hated,” Starkweather once said. “I had my little world to keep alive as long as possible and my gun. That was my answer.” After a week on the road, he was caught. While waiting for trial, Starkweather agreed to speak with Dr. Melvin Reinhardt, a professor of criminology at the University of Nebraska. Reinhardt had just published a study of sexual perversion, so he was granted privileged access. He’d written about the “remorseless ego,” and with this he offered a theoretical framework for thinking about the type of offenders who kill without shame or conscience. He was able to watch Starkweather throughout the entire legal process, as well as to question him in his cell. Reinhardt also read a primitive autobiography that Starkweather had written and interviewed members of Starkweather’s family. He composed the portrait of a bullied young boy with a severe head injury and a chip on his shoulder who developed into a resentful, reactive young man. The criminologist found Starkweather to be an empty person who projected his own self-hatred outward at others. Reinhardt’s work later influenced the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Primitive Neuroscience The Freudian approach to criminal behavior was a dominant psychiatric theme into the 1960s. At this time, prison psychiatrist Marvin Ziporyn befriended mass murderer Richard Speck, who’d killed eight nurses in Chicago in a single night. On July 14, 1966, Ziporyn had read in the papers about the horrendous slaughter the night before. He knew the police had picked up a suspect and he saw Speck being placed in Ward I. The man appeared haggard, apprehensive, and pale. Ziporyn was asked to assess him for his current suicide risk. He found it to be high. Ziporyn was assigned to monitor Speck, so he set up a schedule to meet with him twice a week and began to work at getting the prisoner to trust him. For a book, Ziporyn sought to find out who Speck truly was, paying special attention to incidents that had resulted in a head injury or substance abuse. Ziporyn thought Speck had an obsessive-compulsive personality (which signaled possible ambivalence about his sexuality) and a “Madonna-whore” attitude towards women. Ziporyn also diagnosed organic brain syndrome. Although the relationship of the brain to violence was not seriously considered at the time by the psychiatric profession, Ziporyn appears to have been right: After Speck’s death years later, Dr. Jan E. Leestma, a neuropathologist at the Chicago Institute of Neurosurgery, performed an autopsy of his brain. Leestma found blurred boundaries between the hippocampus, which involves memory, and the amygdala, which deals with rage and other strong emotions: they had encroached upon each other. It would be decades before this type of finding would have explanatory weight for violent behavior. Psychopathy With rising murder rates during the 1960s, the FBI expanded its jurisdiction. At the FBI Academy, founded in 1972, Howard Teten offered a course in applied criminology, which became the basis for the Behavioral Science Unit and its method of behavioral profiling. Interviews with convicted murderers helped to develop the Violent Criminal Apprehension Program. To reinforce investigative analysis with science, the agents studied the work of such criminal psychologists as Donald Lunde, James Brussel, and James Reinhardt. They also utilized the Psychopathy Checklist, a diagnostic instrument developed during the 1970s by prison psychologist Robert Hare.

The concept of psychopathy—the remorseless manipulator with no particular motive—had been evolving, according to changing fashions in the professional community. In 1941, Dr. Hervey Cleckley published The Mask of Sanity, to describe the basic traits of a psychopath, including irresponsibility, self-centeredness, and lacking in empathy or anxiety. The psychopath was also more violent, more likely to recidivate, and less likely to respond to treatment. This was not a mental illness; it was a character disorder. Dr. Al Carlisle, a prison psychologist in Utah, got to know Ted Bundy after his arrest for kidnapping a young woman. At first Bundy resisted being studied, having himself been a psychology major. He was furious with the way Carlisle interpreted him, especially that he was overly dependent on women. However, Bundy also liked talking with Carlisle, which gave the psychologist a chance to spend more informal time with him. At the time, no one knew that Bundy was a serial killer, although several law enforcement agencies had him in their sights. Bundy, Carlisle found, could be charming and friendly while steaming inside. He lied easily and was manipulative, but he was also quite needy. He helped other prisoners with their legal concerns but also used them for his own purposes. Nothing about him indicated the level of violence and perverse sexual behavior for which he would later be famous. Carlisle used his experience with Bundy and other Utah-based serial killers to form a developmental theory. He proposed that the ability to repeatedly kill and also function as a seemingly normal person develops through the gradual evolution of three primary processes: the person fantasizes scenarios for entertainment or self-comfort and dissociates to avoid uncomfortable feelings and memories. He then compartmentalizes so that he can be different people in different situations. Carlisle thought that serial killers can present a public persona that appears to be “good” and also nurture a dark side that allows murderous fantasies free reign. Because they have painful memories from childhood abuse, disappointment, humiliation, frustration, or being bullied, they use fantasies to escape, comfort themselves, and even develop an alternate identity that feels more powerful or provides greater ego status. After his final capture and the revelation that he was a cross-country serial killer, Bundy sought to prove his worth as a “scientific specimen” to Supervisory Special Agent William Hagmaier, from the FBI’s Behavioral Science Unit. Bundy revealed to him that serial murderers go through a developmental process, starting with an experimental period in which they make mistakes. As they get better at it, they also get better at masking their feelings about killing another human being. Bundy usually got drunk. This information added a mechanism to Carlisle’s theory.

Other researchers over the past decade have concluded that there are visible structural and functional impairments in antisocial, psychopathic, and repeatedly violent individuals. In particular, there is reduced activation in the amygdala, which deciphers emotion. However, collecting brain scans does not diminish the need for detailed biographical data. The development of violence is not linked to one factor or set of factors, but appears to be a complex process that involves an individual’s biological make-up, sociological influences, and perceptual context across developmental stages. Those mental health experts who took the time to rake through the life stories of extreme offenders like Kürten, Speck, and Bundy provided not just information about these offenders but also useful ways to approach them. Lacassagne gave us a context and Berg extended Lacassagne’s ideas with a longer observation period in different context. Reinhardt did the same, and added interviews with people who knew the offender, while Ziporyn was bold enough to propose an idea that would gain credibility only decades later. Carlisle used his limited interactions to compare with other extreme offenders to develop a useful theory about the double lives of serial killers. Conclusion Collectively, psychologists and psychiatrists who have used their training and skills to probe the minds of these extreme criminals have retrieved important information about motives, pre-and post-crime behavior, fatal fantasies, mental rehearsal, compartmentalized personalities, and the role of mental disorders. Thus, it has become possible to isolate recurring conditions and factors. From the first person who believed that criminals had self-insight, to today’s advanced technological approach, much has been learned from extended, engaged professional listening about how and why some people commit shocking acts of violence. Sources: Altman, J. & Ziporyn, M. (1967). Born to raise hell: The untold story of Richard Speck. New York: Grove Press. Artières, P. (2006). What criminals think about criminology. In Peter Becker and Richard F. Wetzell, eds., Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 363-375. Berg, K. (1945). The sadist: An account of the crimes of serial killer Peter Kürten: A study in sadism. London: Heineman. Carlisle, A. C. (2000). The dark side of the serial-killer personality. In Serial Killers, edited by Louis Gerdes. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press. DeNevi, D. & Campbell, J. H. (2004). Into the minds of madmen: How the FBI Behavioral Science Unit revolutionized crime investigation. Amherst, NY: Prometheus. Kiehl, K. A. & Buckholtz, J.W. (2010). Inside the mind of a psychopath. Scientific American Mind. September/October. Krafft-Ebing, R. v. (1879/1928). Psychopathia sexualis with especial reference to the antipathic sexual instinct: A medico-forensic study. Revised Edition. Philadelphia: Physicians and Surgeons. Morrison, H. (204). My life among serial killers. New York: William Morrow. Raine, A. & Sanmartin, J. eds. (2001). Violence and psychopathy. New York: Kluwer Academic. Ramsland, K. (2012). The mind of a murderer. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. Reinhardt, J. M. (1960). The murderous trail of Charles Starkweather. Springfield, Ilinois: Charles C. Thomas. Starr, D. (2010). The killer of little shepherds. New York, NY: Knopf.

Neuropsychology Psychiatrist Helen Morrison performed a forensic evaluation on John Wayne Gacy, who in 1978 tortured, raped, and killed thirty-three young men. She corresponded with him for fourteen more years and accepted his claim that an alter persona was responsible for the murders. This persona allegedly “emerged” whenever Gacy was angry, so Morrison believed that Gacy was himself a victim. Upon Gacy’s ABOUT THE Author execution, Morrison was allowed to keep his brain for analysis. To her dismay, a pathologist found no structural abnormality. Katherine Ramsland, PhD, CMI-V has published over 1,000 However, brain studies have grown more precise. During the late articles and 47 books, including The Mind of a 1980s, brain scans were used for analyzing the metabolic states of aggresMurderer (on which this article is based) and sively violent offenders, and by the next decade, scans were performed Inside the Minds of Serial Killers. Dr. Ramsland is to look for structural differences or brain damage. Dr. Adriane Raine, a professor of forensic psychology and criminal at the University of Pennsylvania, used positron emission tomography justice at DeSales University in Pennsylvania and (PET) to compare the brains of 41 murderers to 41 matched controls. has been a member of the American College of In violent individuals, he found deficits in several areas. Forensic Examiners International since 1998. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

BOOK REVIEW

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THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

May 7– 9, 2014 ☀ Tucson, arizona

Hilton Tucson El conquistador Golf & Tennis resort

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☀

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m 2013 o t THE i v FORENSIC a t E EXAMINER ☀Winter

May Hilton Tucson th 7 El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort

2014 ExEcutivE Summit The Executive Summit is an extraordinary, multidisciplinary event that brings together professionals from the forensics, homeland security, psychotherapy, and integrative medicine disciplines with the common goal of furthering education. Attendees have the unique opportunity to network with others in their immediate discipline, as well as be exposed to professionals who they may not normally come in contact with. The Summit facilitates connections and contacts that otherwise may not be made. Presentation sessions cover a variety of topics, are led by top industry leaders, including past speakers Dr. Cyril Wecht, Dr. Henry Lee, Dr. Nick Cummings, Phylis Canion, Tom Ridge, and many others, and offer valuable continuing education credits. This event is hosted by the American College of Forensic Examiners InstituteSM, The American Board for Certification in Homeland Security, CHS速, the American Psychotherapy Association速, and the American Association of Integrative Medicine速.

Scan the Qr code or visit www.theexecutivesummit.net to learn more.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

Schedule at a Glance Wednesday, May 7 Registration 12:30 pm –7:30 pm Exhibits Open 12:30 pm–5:30 pm Opening General Session 3:00 pm – 5:00 pm Networking Welcome Reception 5:15 pm – 7:15 pm Charity Trivia Event 7:30 pm– 9:30 pm Star Guides 7:30 pm– 10:00 pm

Thursday, May 8 Breakfast 6:45 am– 8:00 am Registration 6:45 am– 6:15 pm Breakout Sessions 8:00 am –9:30 am Networking Break 9:30 am –9:45 am Breakout Sessions 9:45 am –11:15 am Lunch (Provided) 11:15 am –12:45 pm Breakout Sessions 12:45 pm–2:15 pm Networking Break 2:15 pm –2:30 pm Breakout Sessions 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm Networking Break 4:00 pm – 4:15 pm Breakout Sessions 4:15 pm – 5:45 pm Pre-Banquet Reception 6:00 pm– 6:30 pm Banquet and Entertainment 6:30 pm– 8:00 pm

Friday, May 9 Breakfast 6:45 am– 8:00 am Registration 6:45 am–4:30 pm Breakout Sessions 8:00 am – 9:30 am Networking Break 9:30 am – 9:45 am Breakout Sessions 9:45 am – 11:15 am Lunch (Provided) 11:15 am –12:45 pm Breakout Sessions 12:45 pm – 2:15 pm Networking Break 2:15 pm – 2:30 pm Breakout Sessions 2:30 pm – 4:00 pm

800.423.9737 ☀ www.theexecutivesummit.net

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

Hotel Information Hilton Tucson El conquistador Golf & Tennis resort accommodations The 2014 Executive summit will be held at the beautiful Hilton Tucson El conquistador Golf & Tennis resort. a block of rooms has been reserved at a specially negotiated rate for conference attendees. We encourage you to make your room reservations early as the room block will fill fast and rooms can sell out.

The 2014 Executive Summit Group Rate

Make Your Reservations Today! Be sure to make your reservation at the Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort! there are multiple perks for staying onsite at the Hilton, including increased networking opportunities with fellow Summit attendees, viPs, and staff. to make your reservation, call (520) 544 - 5000 and reference group code CNT.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Rooms are $129 per night plus applicable fees and taxes for a standard room with one king or two queen beds. Other types of rooms are available at a higher negotiated rate. the rate is available until march 30, 2014, or until the negotiated room block is full, whichever occurs first. the room block covers the following dates: may 3, 2014 through may 11, 2014. Reservations made under the group room block include the resort fees. Resort fees consist of the following amenities: • HSiA (high speed internet access), wired or wireless, in guest rooms and public areas for up to two devices • Any local and 1-800 access guest room calls • two complimentary bottles of water upon arrival • 15% off massage treatments at Elements Spa • Daily use of fitness facilities and fitness classes • 1 hour use of putting green per day • 1 hour use of driving range per room per day • 1 hour of tennis court usage per room per day • 2 hours of mountain bike usage per room per day • Expanded shuttle service to Oro valley marketplace shopping and dining district as well as the country club facilities

To view a map of the hotel, please visit www.theexecutivesummit.net/map

Hotel Highlights Located on 500 acres of high Sonoran Desert terrain in the foothills of the Santa catalina mountains, the full-service tucson, Arizona hotel offers a beautiful destination setting in the heart of Arizona. Over 100,000 square feet of flexible indoor and outdoor meeting space includes an Executive conference center to accommodate your event. Stay connected with the Hilton tucson El conquistador’s Business center furnished with up-to-the-minute technology including computers, printers, photocopiers, and high speed wireless internet access. After your day of meetings, choose from three nearby championship golf courses, or play a tennis match into the evening on one of the 31 floodlit tennis courts. Plunge into your choice of four swimming pools with a waterslide, children’s pool, sauna, and hot and cold jetted tubs. Enjoy the southwestern sun on the pool deck and cool down with a tropical drink from Desert Springs café poolside bar. Join us for dinner at our signature restaurant, Epazote Kitchen & cocktails, serving creative Southwestern fare using a variety of locally sourced ingredients. Prefer to unwind with a relaxing treatment or massage? Elements Spa, located in the Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort, offers a variety of services to fit your needs.

$129

per night*

rate available until

March 20, 2014 *plus applicable fees and taxes

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

About the Area Tucson, arizona We look forward to welcoming you to Tucson, an outdoor playground with lots of ways to satisfy your cravings for unforgettable adventures. Whether it’s golfing, hiking, biking, or one of our many other outdoor activities, you’ll find plenty of options. Evenings are especially refreshing, perfect for gazing at stars, observing desert wildlife, or watching bats take flight. outdoors in the moonlight, you can listen to local bands, stroll through street fairs, or watch classic movies. additionally, dining al fresco is a local pastime. Those who wait for the sun to go down can see Tucson in a whole new light.

For more information on the tucson, area visit the website: www.visittucson.org if you have any questions or would like to make reservations regarding destination activities and services, please contact Ann Bridges at the Hilton El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort at (520) 544-1210 or via email at ann.bridges@hilton.com.

Things to do Do you have some time outside of the Executive Summit education and network events to explore what tucson has to offer? the Hilton El conquistador Resort Destination Services can assist with scheduling activities for you, your family, and your colleagues. the following are some ideas of great things to do and see while in tucson:

Old Tucson Studios Tour voted “Best Western movie Set” by true West magazine, and listed among five one-of-akind tucson sites by uSA today. Site for more than 300 film and television projects since 1939, Old tucson Studios is one of the most active filming locations for Western-themed movies, television, cable shows, and commercials in the united States. Enjoy daily Wild West entertainment including gunfights and stunt shows based on traditional western themes, as well as a can-can musical featuring miss Kitty and her girls in the saloon. tour is inclusive of round trip transportation via deluxe vehicles with a Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort guide, all admissions, and water while onboard the vehicle. Price: $75.00 + tax per person

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Jeep Tour Pull on your favorite jeans and come experience the real Sonoran Desert! From tree-lined creeks to majestic mountains, you’ll enjoy a rugged trip into the Old West on 4-wheel drive Jeeps. Bring your camera —the endless views of lush desert valleys and towering mountains are ones you won’t want to forget. Stop at the private site that overlooks the tucson valley from a spectacular promontory sitting almost 1,000 feet above the city in the Rincon mountains. Guests will enjoy strolling on the hiking trails, inspecting the petroglyphs, or just relaxing on this beautiful spot nestled among the peaks of the mountain range. tour is inclusive of round trip transportation via deluxe vehicles with a Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort guide and water while onboard the vehicle.

Biosphere 2 Tour come experience the remarkable Biosphere 2 which time Life Books recently named one of the 50 must see “Wonders of the World.” tours normally include not only a historical overview of the Biosphere 2 project, a discussion of past and current research underway, but also a look inside under the glass at many of the biological systems within the structure. the beautiful trail system takes you on a once in a lifetime tour that lets you smell our ocean and see a tropical Rainforest up close. tour is inclusive of round trip transportation via deluxe vehicles, general admission, a Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort guide and water while onboard the vehicle. Price: $50.00 per person + tax, minimum of 8 guests

Price: $98.00 + tax per person + $20 gratuity per Jeep

Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Tour the New York times refers to it as “the most distinctive zoo in the united States.” the Desert museum is Southern Arizona’s most popular visitor attraction. Nestled in the tucson mountains, the museum is located 14 miles west of downtown tucson. the Desert museum exhibits the living, outdoor world of nature found in the Sonoran Desert region. On your way to the museum, you’ll drive through Saguaro National Park, which preserves the most magnificent Saguaro forest in the world. this outing provides a unique opportunity to see a comprehensive collection of the plants, animals and geology of this area. this is an outdoor experience that requires walking. tour is inclusive of round trip transportation via deluxe vehicles with a Hilton tucson El conquistador Golf & tennis Resort guide, all admissions, and water while onboard the vehicle.

Arizona Sonora Desert Museum Animals When the Desert Ark van “docks” at your site, be ready to make new discoveries about our unique Sonoran Desert. Desert Ark Programs feature live Sonoran Desert animals and may include interactive lectures, slide shows or activities. Barn owls, kangaroo rats, chuckwallas and friendly snakes may all make an appearance during a visit. We can arrange for Desert museum educators to interact with your group in a festival setting and provide hands-on exploration of artifacts interspersed with live animal interpretations. this is a terrific way to meet our desert neighbor creatures when a group isn’t available to meet them at the Arizona Sonora Desert museum itself. Price: $19.50 + tax for 3 hours

Price: $65.00 + tax per person

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

Travel

Arrangements adelman Vacations accommodations The Executive summit is pleased to have adelman Travel as our preferred agency for this year’s event. adelman Travel can assist you with all your travel arrangements to Tucson, whether traveling by air or car, or if you need assistance with booking the host hotel. in addition, they have arranged special discounts for Es22 attendees who book airline travel on Delta airlines and american airlines.

For more travel information and options, contact Kelly Christian or Elizabeth Henson at (800) 749-7116, monday through Friday, 8:00 am – 5:00 pm (ct). Please reference your association (ABcHS, AcFEi, American Psychotherapy Association, or AAim) and ES22 when calling Adelman travel.

if you decide to book direct and not take advantage of the services provided by adelman travel, you will need to follow the steps to the right for the discount opportunity.

visit www.aa.com to take advantage of a 5% discount on AA, American Eagle, and American connections. it’s simple! After you have selected your flight(s) under the “Enter Passenger Details” tab, go to the “AA.com Promotion code” field and enter in the authorization code, 2554AB. For reservations and ticketing information, call American Airlines meeting Services Desk, or have your travel professional call 1-800-433-1790* from anywhere in the united States or canada, seven days a week, from 6:00 am to midnight (cSt), and reference authorization code, 2554AB. Reservations for the hearing and speech impaired are also available at 1(800) 543-1586*. visit www.delta.com/booking and enter the Meeting Event Code, NMGJT, in the box to the right then continue with the online booking process. You may also call the Delta meeting Network at 1 (800) 328-1111** monday through Friday, 7:30 am – 7:30 pm (cSt) and refer to Meeting Event Code, NMGJT.

* There is a $25.00USD Reservations Service Charge for tickets issued through AA reservations, and a $35.00USD Airport Service Charge for tickets issued at the airport. ** Please note there is a service fee for reservations booked and ticketed through the Delta reservation 800 number.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Ground Transportation from Tucson International Airport the Hilton El conquistador Golf and tennis Resort is located on the northwest side of tucson, 23 miles from the tucson international Airport, approximately 45 minutes away. the Hilton El conquistador Resort can provide transfer service to and from the airport specifically for ES22, the 2014 Executive Summit. cost for the transfer service is $40.00 per person each way if 1 or 2 people share a vehicle and $23.00 per person each way if 3 or more people share the vehicle. this does not include driver gratuity. Guests will be grouped together upon arrival in order to provide the most cost effective service; wait times are not more than 30 minutes. charges for transportation provided by Hilton will be charged to your guestroom. if you wish to take advantage of the Hilton transportation option, the ES22 transportation Request Form ,which is available online at www.theexecutivesummit.net/transportation.pdf, needs to be completed and e-mailed to the resort no later than five days prior to your arrival. Please note, the Hilton El Conquistador Resort transfer service needs to be arranged in advance. Drivers and vehicles are scheduled based on guest arrival and departure information and are not available on-call at the airport.

Additional transportation options from the tucson airport to the Hilton El conquistador Resort are: • car rentals • cab service: approximately $65.00 excluding driver gratuity • Shuttle service provided by Arizona Stagecoach: similar to Super Shuttle, a multistop shuttle where the Hilton El conquistador Resort is the last stop on the way from the airport and the first stop on the way to the airport; currently their cost is approximately $50.00 per person each way excluding driver gratuity

If you have any questions regarding transportation, please contact Ann Bridges at the Hilton El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort at (520) 544-1210 or via email at ann.bridges@hilton.com.

Travel Tips CAR RENTALS Since you are going to Vegas, you might as well do it in style. There is nothing like cruising the strip in the back of a classy limousine. There are a variety of limousine services to choose from. Make reservations ahead of time and they will pick you up directly from the Las Vegas McCarren International Airport (LAS) and get you on your way to the strip. Las Vegas Limousine (702) 888-4888 Executive Las Vegas

(702) 646-4661

Earth Limos

(702) 437-1900

TAxiCABS There are a variety of taxicabs in the Tucson area. If you are staying at our host hotel, Hilton el Conquistador Resort, it is 4.6 miles (or about 12 minutes) from McCarran International Airport. The approximate cost from the airport to the Rio is $23.70. Here are three of the local taxi companies: Ace Cab

(702) 736-8383

Yellow Cab

(702) 873-2000

Desert Cab

(702) 386-9102

LimO SERViCES Since you are going to Vegas, you might as well do it in style. There is nothing like cruising the strip in the back of a classy limousine. There are a variety of limousine services to choose from. Make reservations ahead of time and they will pick you up directly from the Las Vegas McCarren International Airport (LAS) and get you on your way to the strip. Las Vegas Limousine (702) 888-4888 Executive Las Vegas

(702) 646-4661

Earth Limos

(702) 437-1900

LuGGAGE There’s no question: overpacking tops the list of biggest travel mistakes. Travelling light is simply a more stress-and-hassle-free way to go. You have more time, because packing takes little. You waste less energy hauling stuff. You know what you have, where everything is, and that it’s sufficient. You will enjoy the kind of unfettered freedom that is forever denied to those who remain chained to their luggage!

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

Sponsorship Information sponsorships are a great way to gain visibility and publicity for your product or company prior to the Executive summit, and it can attract attendees to your exhibitor booth. We offer a variety of sponsorship levels assuring we can help you successfully promote your service or product, no matter your budget. For more information, please contact the registrar’s office at (800) 423-9737 ext. 112 or e-mail exhibitors@theexecutivesummit.net.

Pick Your Package

ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

DiamonD

Sapphire

ruby

emeralD

$5,500

$3,500

$2,500

$1,750

color Ad in the Publication of your choice

Full Page

Half Page

Quarter Page

Ad in the Executive Summit Program

Full Page

Half Page

Quarter Page

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Review the options to the right. make your package selection on the Exhibitor & Sponsorship Application located on page 5.

administrative Services conference Pass 1

Signage in the Exhibit Area Recognition on www.theexecutivesummit.net Social media Advertisement Advertisement in the conference Newsletter Attendee Bag insert Exhibit Booth Job Postings for 12 months

Reserved table at the Annual Banquet 3

50% OFF

1 Publication for choice include: the Forensic Examiner ®, Annals of Psychotherapy & integrative Health ®, or inside Homeland Security ® 2 FREE job postings for 12 months to the website of your choice: www.acfei.com, www.abchs.com, www.aaimedicine.com, or www.americanpsychotherapy.com 3 Reserved table at the annual banquet, including seats plus tickets for up to 9 prospective clients.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Exhibitor Information

The 2014 Executive summit is an excellent place to introduce your product or service to qualified professionals in the fields of forensics, homeland security, psychotherapy, and integrative medicine. Exhibitor space is limited, so reserve your spot today! For more information, please contact us at (800) 423-9737.

Past Exhibitors Access Data Alcoholics Anonymous Alpha-Stim Archangel Group, Ltd. ASU Online Doctor of Behavioral Health Behavioral Data Systems, Ltd. Electromedical Products International, Inc Emotional Intelligence Learning Systems, Inc Foray Technologies Fry Laboratories Grief Watch Institute for Preventive Strategies ITG Consultants, Inc. Meoli Forensic Consulting Microbial-Vac Systems, Inc.

Conference Bag Insert: $595

• Distribution of one promotional piece to all attendees • company name in the conference program • 50% discount off the price of an Exhibit Booth

Conference Exhibitor: $495 • • • •

10’ x 10’ Exhibit Booth company name in the conference program Opportunity to showcase your product or service on the vendor stage vendor/company advertised in the conference newsletters and on the Executive Summit website • vendor/company highlighted on the facebook and twitter pages of the association of their choice: AcFEi, ABcHS, AAim, or American Psychotherapy Association

Literature Table: $115

if you are unable to exhibit, take advantage of our literature table. We will place your brochures on the literature table in the exhibit hall. this is a great way to introduce attendees to your product or service.

National Association of Construction Auditors National Center for Media Forensics National Institute of Justice Natural Standard Oxford University Press Pelco Peoples Medical Publishing House Roshi Corporation RGL Forensics Safe Checks Synergy Seminars Target Market Media Publications, Inc. The Menninger Clinic Xcaper Industries LLC Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

Presenter Spotlights Eric A. Kreuter ES22 Presenter

i started out in public accounting out of undergraduate school (Manhattan college), working for a very small cPa firm in new york city. after attaining my cPa license, i moved to a slightly larger firm in White Plains, ny and worked my way through various career directions: audit, human resources, litigation support, and forensics. i became a partner in 1988 and stayed with the successor firm for almost 25 years. i earned a Master of arts degree in industrial Psychology in 1990 (Long island university) and a doctorate (PhD) in clinical psychology in 2006 (saybrook university). i joined a regional cPa firm in 2007 and moved to my current firm, Marks Paneth in 2011, where i am partner in litigation and forensic services. i have published articles, book chapters, and books on various subjects and have presented various topics at local, national, and international organizational events.

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If someone were to ask me should they attend or not to attend, I would encourage them to attend because it gives them an opportunity to interact with others in their profession, especially someone who is emerging in the field. It gives them the opportunity to see what everyone else is talking about.

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Eric Kreuter

THE FORENSIC EXAMINERÂŽ Winter 2013

Ashleigh Wessing ES22 Presenter

after earning a Bs in accounting from north carolina state university and a Master of Public accounting from the university of Texas, i began my career in audit with Deloitte & Touche LLP in raleigh, north carolina. after four years in public accounting, i moved back to Texas and joined the internal audit department of the largest multi-national advertising conglomerate at the time. i had the opportunity to work closely with the chief Financial officers of many individually managed advertising agencies throughout the americas and Europe, consulting extensively on sarbanesoxley compliance and implementing sound internal control systems within relatively small businesses. currently i work with Marks Paneth as a senior manager in the Litigation and corporate Financial advisory services department, where i have participated in cases involving financial statement, securities, or transactional fraud investigations, and consulted on internal control risk assessments. About the presentation: this presentation is about how forensic knowledge and experience can be used to perform fraud risk assessments as part of an audit, as well as how to market and conduct fraud deterrence engagements, including ways to report findings and the importance of follow-up communication with the client. What you need to know to benefit from the presentation: the basics of fraud investigations and fraud risk inherent in systems with weak internal controls. Additional Information: the presentation will highlight issues that arise in conducting these types of engagements, including ways to resolve difficulties with the client in reporting findings.

Doug Carner Doug carner is a forensic multimedia analyst, president of Forensic Protection, and actively donates his time as an industry innovator and educator. He has processed evidence in over a thousand cases worldwide, including the George zimmerman and Mathew clark cases. His work has been accepted by courts worldwide, featured in legal and trade publications, and broadcast on radio and syndicated television. About the presentation: video clarification can recover a blurry license plate, brighten a dark scene, restore vHS tapes, and aid in facial identity matching. Audio enhancement can isolate human speech, suppress distracting sounds, and facilitate voice identification. New tools let you detect file tampering, prove which files are frauds, and accurately calculate vehicle speeds or the heights of

individuals. Learn the tricks of the trade and the free open-source software that makes it all possible. Join us for this fast-paced lecture filled with examples, case studies, and how-to instructions. What you need to know to benefit from the presentation: the presentation is designed for multimedia analysts, technicians, and investigators. Only basic audio-video-image skills are required. Additional Information: the marketing of commercial software is funded by the paying public. these programs typically offer ease-ofuse and extensive feature sets. However, no single software can be the “magic bullet” to address the vast needs of a forensic analyst. unfortunately, the procurement of every forensic software tool is outside the budget of most labs. Furthermore, most commercial applications simplify (aka restrict) software feature options and behavior. Opensource programs are reviewed, improved, and supported by millions of active users. this is not to say that open-source is a better resource than industry specific commercial software, but it does allow access to features unavailable in commercial applications. Because open-source programs are free, their power and flexibility are rarely promoted. this is what will be taught, along with a few nearly free plug-in options.

Susan P. Robbins susan P. robbins, PhD, is an associate professor at the university of Houston Graduate college of social Work. she holds licenses as an advanced clinical social worker (LcsW) and licensed chemical dependency counselor (LcDc) in Texas, and is a Diplomate in clinical social Work, and Forensic social Work, and also has certification as a Master Forensic social Worker from the american Board of Forensic social Workers. Working on a contract basis with the texas Protective Services training institute from 2000 –2009, and later with the Oklahoma Department of Human Services, Dr. Robbins provided training for protective service workers, supervisors, lawyers, and judges on forensic interviewing and investigating false allegations of child sexual abuse, and currently serves as a consultant and expert witness in this area. She

ES22 Presenter

has also given presentations on these topics to the National Association of Social Workers, texas chapter, the National Defender investigator Association, the National Organization of Forensic Social Workers, the Deborah t. creek criminal Practice institute, and texas court Appointed Special Advocates, among others. She is currently the Editor-in-chief of the Journal of Social Work Education, is a member of the Editorial Review Board for the Forensic Examiner®, and is a wellpublished author whose articles appear in the Encyclopedia of Social Work, the Social Workers’ Desk Reference, and in Families in Society: the Journal of contemporary Human Service. About the presentation: Attendees will learn about the contexts that may give rise to false allegations of sexual abuse, the different types of false allegations, and the ways in which children’s memory can become distorted. they will also learn to identify interviewing techniques that can lead to false allegations, and red flag indicators of a false allegation that indicates the need for a more thorough investigation of the case. What you need to know to benefit from the presentation: Basic interviewing skills.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014

Presenters & Panelists

B. Allen

G. Allen

O. Baez

D. Barker-Hargrove

D. Barnes

P. Bernstein

E. Brixen

S. Buller

C. Bump

E. Byrd

P. Canion

D. Carner

G. Cavis

Z. Chen

R. Childers

R. Colliver

S. Crimando

C. Croan

B. Cummins

J. Cummins

M. Dery

J. Didden

M. Dunlap

A. Fayad

J. Fowler

S. Gabriel

J. Gaither

M. Garver

M. Gilbert

D. Goff

A. Hallstrom

M. Hartley

M. Hayes

R. Hixson

L. Hollett

H. Joe

D. Johnson

T. Karr

W. Kimble

S. King

S. Kinney

E. Kreuter

M. Laude

B. Lechter

H. Lee

E. Mackey

D. Mahoney

M. Mahoney

C. Marx

M. Mathre

R. McCarthy

M. Meacham

A. Meoli

D. Mercedez

J. Merkle

B. Minniti

K. Miller

B. Mitchell

A. Mooney

C. Mooney

M. Mulcahy

P. Nathenson

A. Neal

D. Neitz

K. Nielson

H. Nolin

D. Ostrow

J. Owen

T. Owen

C. Patterson

D. Pearce

J. Perin

N. Pike

Piscitelli, A.

D. Pflugradt

P. Purcell

M. Qualls

Ramsland, K.

Rasile, K.

D. Reidenberg

J. Robbins

S. Robbins

E. Rogers

G. Rosu

D. Russell

S. Russell

B. Sargent

J. Sartori

T. Scott

K. Seifert

L. Settles

J. Sklar

H. Statum

F. Stephenson

A. Stern

C. Stueve

S. Stuntzer

E. Svetcov

R. Teichner

K. Theriault

P. Thornton

S. VanDiver

S. Vasquez

J. Waltz

C. Wecht

C. Wertman

A. Wessing

A. Yonovitz

J. Yonovitz

S. Zacharias

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

american college of Forensic Examiners institute

american Board for certification in Homeland security

american association of integrative Medicine

american Psychotherapy association

ES22 Breakout sessions

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

Wednesday, May 7th 12:30 pm

general regiStration anD exhibitS open

03:00 pm

opening general SeSSion

05:15 pm

netWorking WelCome reCeption anD eventS

Schedule is subjec t to change without notice.

Thursday, May 8th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

CreDible WitneSS teStimony

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

ConDuCting frauD riSk aSSeSSment & frauD DeterrenCe engagementS / Presenter: Eric Kreuter

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

valuation CalCulation

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

forenSiC aCCounting ethiCS revieW & upDateS

04:00 pm

netWorking break

04:15 pm

What expertS anD attorneyS ShoulD expeCt of eaCh other in litigation matterS / Presenter: Richard Teichner

06:00 pm

pre-banquet reCeption

06:30 pm

banquet

Presenter: Dr. Cyril Wecht

Presenter: TBA

Presenter: Bob Minniti

hot topiCS panel

Presenters: American Board of Forensic Accounting

inveStigating falSe allegationS of Sexual abuSe

SCreening for viCtimS of human traffiCking: a foreign ConCept in health Care / Presenter: Sue Gabriel

aSSeSSment anD management of riSk for youth violenCe

Presenter: Susan Robbins

Presenter: Kathryn Seifert

bruiSeS on the inSiDe too: interperSonal violenCe

Presenter: Lisa Hollett

Friday, May 9th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

to be announCeD

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

moCk trial

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

moCk trial

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

meDiCal plan forenSiCS

Presenter: Dr. Henry Lee

Moderator: TBA

Presenter: Randall Childers

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

Criminal inveStigationS in forenSiC aCCounting

faCing a Daubert Challenge

analytiCal toolS anD teChniqueS for DeteCting poSSible frauD: CaSe StuDieS / Presenter: Pamela Mantone

poliCy on teaChing nurSeS effeCtive CommuniCation SkillS... / Presenter: Sharel Zacharias and Jerry Gaither

Presenters: Bob Lechter and Brad Sargent

Presenters: Larry Settles and Joan Perin

American College of Forensics Examiners Institute

12:30 pm 03:00 pm 05:15 pm

06:45 am bloWn aWay on the 3rD floor: builDing preSSurization

Presenter: James Waltz

forenSiC auDio/viDeo analySiS / Presenters: Gregg Stutchman, Marisa Dery, Andrew Neal, Steve Buller, Tom Owen, Jennifer Owen

08:00 am 09:30 am

CloSe enCounterS With Criminal minDS

Presenters: Katherine Ramsland and Anthony Meoli

the SCienCe anD open SourCe innovationS of viDeo enhanCement anD analySiS / Presenter: Doug Carner

09:45 am 11:15 am

Who’S Crying for help?

Presenters: Herbert Joe, Joshua Yonovitz, and Al Yonovitz

interpretation of phySiCal eviDenCe in tWo & three WheeleD motorCyCle ColliSionS / Presenter: Kevin Theriault

12:45 pm 02:15 pm

veterinary forenSiC meDiCine: What iS it? What DoeS it mean? / Presenter: Ernest Rogers

preSenting auDio in Court

02:30 pm

Presenter: Eddy Brixen

04:00 pm veterinary forenSiC pathology

Presenter: Adam Stern

04:15 pm 06:00 pm 06:30 pm

06:45 am the CaSe of the DiSappearing gallium

Presenter: Frank Stephenson

an overvieW of vehiCle blaCk box

Presenters: Daniel Mahoney and Michael Mahoney

08:00 am 09:30 am

Computational faCetS of forenSiC obfuSCation

Presenter: Ali S. Fayad

meDiCal Data analySiS

09:45 am

Presenter: Mary-Louise Mulcahy

11:15 am a unique methoD of Control: Control theory turneD upSiDe DoWn by mexiCan immigrantS / Presenter: Mike Meacham

teChniqueS for performing a forenSiC engineering aSSeSSment / Presenter: John Robbins

12:45 pm 02:15 pm

expert WitneSS teStimony: Dealing effeCtively With...

Presenter: James Williams Rogers

infeCtion Control through ConverSion teChnology

Presenter: Dan Neitz and Hallstom

02:30 pm

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

t h u r S Day, m ay 8 t h 08:00 am — 09:30 am

credible Expert Testimony Discussion of several specific cases in which medical-scientific expert testimony was presented. Explanation of essential elements of such testimon. Problems and pitfalls of such testimony-how to avoid. Design and preparation of such testimony. Cyril Wecht, MD, JD, CMI-V, CFP

Hot Topics Panel current members of the American Board of Forensic Accounting will discuss the latest developments in the field of forensic accounting from academia to actual methodologies. topics discussed will include the foreign corrupt practices act, terrorist financing and money laundering, due diligence in selling a small business, and public pension fund fraud. the highly-interactive panel will provide insights from various regions of the country, practice sizes, forensic methodologies, and areas of expertise. Audience participation will not only be encouraged, it will be actively sought during this panel. American Board of Forensic Accounting

Blown away on the 3rd Floor; Building Pressurization: What it is and Why it affects you How environmental air in buildings is managed affects our comfort, health, safety, security and the cost of building operation. the presentation explains the fundamentals of building (and space) pressurization, including how it can be created and controlled, and the often serious implications of failing to control it (as is the case in most buildings, because this is a littleknown, and little-appreciated phenomenon). Forensic case study vignettes are provided to demonstrate the fundamentals and the issues. James P. Waltz, PE, DABFET, FACFEI

aBrE Workshop on Forensic Digital audio/Video analysis this three hour workshop will be presented by members of the ABRE who will present the following topics: increase working knowledge the enhancement of forensic audio recordings. understand when and how forensic photogrammetry is usable. Forensic photogrammetry is often used in criminal cases for calculating the height of suspects based on objects of known dimension within a scene. it is also used in accident reconstruction. Lean how meta- data is used in the authentication of digital recordings. Learn effective methods of preparation for testimony. Achieve additional skill by participating in moot court Gregg Stutchman, ABRE Chairman; Marisa Dery; Andrew Neal; Steve Buller; Tom Owen, ABRE Chairman Emeritus; Jen Owen

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

09:45 am — 11:15 am

conducting Fraud risk assessment and Fraud Deterrence Engagements Dr. Kreuter and ms. Wessing will lead a workshop designed to inform the participants of the nuts and bolts of these two types of professional services. Discussion will include case study information from the presenter’s work as well as excerpts from recently issued reports. the presentation will include important topics such as best ways to solicit this type of work, how to plan and execute the engagements, what levels of experience are needed to accomplish the tasks and how to report findings, both in written reports and at client meetings. insight into the interview process will be covered. integration of auditing standards will be covered as well as highlighting the importance of a forensic background in driving this type of work. Eric A. Kreuter and Ashleigh Wessing

investigating False allegations of sexual abuse Subsequent to the widely publicized day care abuse cases in the mid 1980s, child protection professionals came under fire for leading and suggestive techniques used to elicit allegations of sexual abuse from children, many of who initially denied having been abused (Poole & Lamb, 2003). in the past two decades an impressive body of research has emerged that assists us in understanding the contexts and dynamics of false allegations, interviewing and investigative techniques that can elicit false allegations as well as the ways in which children can come to believe in abuse that never occurred. When children are properly interviewed about sexual abuse, it is done in the context of a forensic interview. in an effort to correct the leading and suggestive techniques used in the past, researchers have examined studies on the disclosure process in order to better understand the ways in which interviewer beliefs and expectations can potentially bias the interview and lead to false allegations (London, et al., 2005). in addition, research has also demonstrated that specific types of interview techniques can elicit false allegations (ceci et al., 2001; Engle & O’Donohue, 2012; Lamb, et al. 2008). there is a growing evidence-based literature on interviewing protocols that have been shown to elicit more detailed and more accurate responses from children (Anderson et al. 2013; Faller, 2007; melinder, et al., 2010; Pipe, et al., 2013). this is critical knowledge for forensic social workers that are asked to evaluate such cases. this presentation covers knowledge and methods that can be used to investigate possible false allegations of sexual abuse. it examines the contexts and dynamics that can lead to false allegations as well as research-based knowledge about interviewing techniques, children’s memory of traumatic events, and the ways in which memory can become distorted and elicit a false allegation. Susan P. Robbins, Ph.D., LCSW, DFSW, CMFSW

screening for Victims of Human Trafficking: a Foreign concept in Health care

close Encounters with criminal Minds Serial killer ted Bundy once said that keeping him alive to study would provide valuable insights about the type of extreme violence he committed. During the past century, some mental health experts took this idea seriously. they ventured beyond the typical evaluation period and devices to try to thoroughly explore a specific criminal’s mind. these singular in-depth studies, offer tools and techniques for spending productive clinical time with violent offenders. Ever since the earliest days of psychiatry, “alienists” have tried to understand the violent acts of the criminally insane. Late in the 19th century, French pathologist Andre Lacassagne urged offenders to explore their own narratives, instigating what he called criminal autobiographies. collectively, mental health professionals who have used their training and skills to probe the minds of extreme criminals have retrieved important information about motives, preand post-crime behavior, fatal fantasies, mental rehearsal, compartmentalized personalities, and the role of mental disorders. thus, it has been possible to isolate recurring conditions and factors. From the first person who believed that criminals had self-insight to today’s neuroscience professionals, much has been learned from extended professional listening about how and why some people commit shocking acts of violence. Katherine Ramsland will provide a historical overview and Anthony meoli will discuss his extended relationships with serial killer Lee Boyd malvo. For sixteen years, meoli corresponded with and interviewed numerous murderers. He will explain how to contact such inmates and develop the rapport necessary to extract valuable information. this workshop is not just a series of case studies, however; participants will consider the pros and cons of this approach, especially as a needed supplement to today’s brain scans. Katherine Ramsland, Ph.D. and Anthony Meoli, JD, CFC

The science and open-source innovations of video enhancement and analysis there are numerous tools to resolve basic video issues (poison noise, camera jitter, insufficient detail, inadequate illumination, etc…). this fast-paced lecture will detail the latest industry innovations including video Error Level Analysis, pattern noise suppression, object speed calculations, and afterthe-fact camera repositioning. Everything will be explained and demonstrated using free software created, and supported, by the vast open-source community. Doug Carner, CPP/CHS-III

12:45 pm — 02:15 pm

Valuation calculation

A misconception concerning human trafficking is that it occurs in foreign countries, distant shores, and in large metropolitan cities. However, the reality of human trafficking is that it is present in every large metropolitan city, medium size town, and small, rural community across the united States. Human trafficking assessment is a term and concept foreign to health care professionals. the importance of identifying tell-tale signs of human trafficking is just beginning to break the surface in the health care sector, in addition to understanding the significance these assessments play for the victim. Never before has health care been asked to embark upon a mission of assessing for red flags of human trafficking victims until now. the growing understanding and awareness of the plight of human trafficking victims is just beginning to be addressed in health care professions. Nurses especially, are in a unique position to perform screening assessments on patients who they are suspicious of being potential victims. Before nurses can identify possible victims, they need the tools in their tool kit of what red flags to be familiar with when assessing their patients. Nurses need to know what to look for, what kinds of questions to ask when human trafficking is suspected, and what resources to contact in order to ensure their patient’s safety. the nursepatient encounter may be a missed opportunity if nurses are not trained in warning signs and symptoms of human trafficking, and sadly this may be the only opportunity the victim has for disclosing their dilemma of human slavery in the 21st century. Dr. Sue Gabriel EdD, MSN, MFS, RN, SAN-A, CFN, FACFEI, DABFN

Who’s crying for Help? The Frye Hearing and Forensic analysis of the audio/Video/Voice Evidence analysis in the state of FL. Vs. George zimmerman Aruptatest, tem que eatur rendisc imporercid molum con prat quos molupta dem es dolupta turemo con consedios et porisi voluptatis et volesciis nonsequi denistrum facessi nctotatur, sinctur? Ga. ut officip isinciet doles de nonsent oruptatinus aces de officipit poreici litiis rem fugitas dolor sequi nonsed et aut fugitatur. Herbert Joe, Joshua Yonovitz, and Al Yonovitz

interpretation of Physical Evidence in Two & Three Wheeled Motorcycle collisions this interactive lecture will provide the participants an opportunity to learn the different types of physical evidence that may be available from a motorcycle collision. How motorcycles corner at speeds above 12 to 15 mph and turn at speeds below 12 mph. Examples of the types of physical evidence will be presented with discussion. the participants will appreciate the importance of validating the physical evidence as it relates to the vehicle positioning before, during and after the collision.

Aruptatest, tem que eatur rendisc imporercid molum con prat quos molupta dem es dolupta turemo con consedios et porisi voluptatis et volesciis nonsequi denistrum facessi nctotatur, sinctur? Ga. ut officip isinciet doles de nonsent

through case studies, the participants will be encouraged to interact, observe

To Be Announced

Kevin R. Theriault

and learn the proper methodology of validating the physical evidence.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Presenting audio in court

02:30 pm — 04:00 pm

in many cases audio is a vital part of the presentation in court. this includes playback of phone conversations, surveillance recordings, under cover recordings from mobile devices, clip from radio or tv programs, etc. Sometimes it is the foreground sound that is important, sometimes the background sound.

Forensic accounting Ethics review and updates ucia con nis minulli quidige nihitatus, con reptam nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest ut iliaspe rrorepr emoloriata aliquatiatem aborrov idento mo debit quias re, temporro et et quo velliquod quiatus trundesciis as endit, odis auta quibus none rem harum faccuptatur am. nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest. Bob Minniti

if one really wants to make a convincing audio presentation it is important to know the factors that may influence the perception of the sound samples reproduced in front of a judge or a jury. very often the acoustics of the courtroom is bad, the loudspeakers are low quality and placed too far away, the sound samples are presented with no respect to common psychoacoustic rules, the explanation of what the jury and others are going to experience is not explained very well, etc., etc. the number of pitfalls is infinite.

The assessment and Management of risk for adult Violence the assessment and management of risk for adult violence is an important forensic task that impacts the safety of a variety of agencies including schools, law enforcement, mental health and addictions treatment agencies, corrections, and public facilities of all kinds. validated Risk assessment tools assess and potentially manage that risk exceedingly better than clinical judgment. Knowledge of these tools and the populations for which they are best used is essential for all professionals that work with adults that may be at risk for violence. Reduction of risk in vulnerable persons then becomes a vital task. Dr. Kathryn Seifert

Veterinary Forensic Medicine: What is it? What does it mean? this will be a review, of the public and legal significance, of crimes against animals, animal cruelty and abuse. there are many who have the impression left by the early proposals (including “the macDonald triad”) of serial killers being related to 1) bed wetting, 2) fire starting and 3) animal cruelty. We will investigate these concepts in the light of current research in the first part of this presentation. the second portion of the presentation will be a case review of both past and current cases of importance in veterinary forensics 1) Hoarding 2) Gunshot 3) Ritual crimes, 4) Failure to provide sustenance and housing 5) Animal Fighting and Gang Activity 6) Other forms of animal crimes the final portion of the presentation will deal with the special challenges in veterinary forensics when investigating animal crimes: 1) a review of the immediate state of veterinary forensics, 2) the veterinarians’ need for current and future professional collaborations and interactions to enhance crime fighting potential. Dr. Ernest Rogers

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

this presentation specifically gets around the following: An overview of audio and sound related topics, essential psycho acoustic phenomenon (how we perceive sound and how ears can be cheated), basic guidelines for court room acoustics (reverberation time, background noise, etc.), selection and placement of electro acoustical equipment (loudspeakers, headphones, etc.), essentials in playback of voice recording exemplars, the effect of enhancement (or the opposite) of audio samples, how to how to introduce audio as a part of the evidence, fake audio, etc. Eddy Brixen

04:15 pm — 05:45 pm

Bruises on the inside Too-interpersonal Violence Every 9 seconds a woman in the united States is assaulted or beaten. the costs of intimate partner violence in the uS alone exceed $5.8 billion per year: $4.1 billion are for direct medical and health care services, while productivity losses account for nearly $1.8 billion. (http://domesticviolencestatistics.org/domestic-violence-statistics. Accessed 8/17/13) as healthcare providers we encounter interpersonal violence on a daily basis but do we recognize what we see? this presentation will look at iPv as it relates to our clients, our patients and our co-workers. through the use of case based scenarios we will explore domestic violence, violence in the workplace and the use of violence in relationship to human trafficking. Lisa Hollett, RN, BSN, MA, MICN, Certified Forensic Nurse

Veterinary Forensic Medicine Animal cruelty is commonly encountered in society. As a result of increased public awareness and passage of animal abuse legislation there is a need for veterinary forensic medicine. As a result of this need, veterinary forensics is now a rapidly growing and evolving field. During this presentation there will be discussion of animal cruelty in today’s society and the roles both veterinarians and nonveterinarians play during forensic investigations.

Additionally, there are numerous similarities between veterinary forensic medicine and forensic medicine. this discussion will attempt to highlight some of the similarities as well as differences that are encountered. in an attempt to highlight these similarities and differences, case material will be discussed including dog fighting, animal neglect and sexual abuse of animals. Adam W. Stern

What Experts and attorneys should Expect of Each other in Litigation Matters the session will stress the importance of both the expert’s and attorney’s role in assuring that ongoing communication exists between the attorney and expert in order to develop and implement an effective strategy in a case that is greatly dependent on the forensic expert’s report and/or testimony. Such communication must include discussions regarding the strong points as well as the weak point of a case, the rules of the jurisdiction in which the lawsuit was filed, background information about the trier of fact, and various other issues surrounding the case. Also, to be presented is how the expert needs to be involved in the discovery process by assisting with interrogatories, requests for production, and questions for the examination of deponents and the cross-examination of witnesses and the direct examination of the expert. Other issues to be presented include (1) situations when the expert should decline accepting an offer to provide services in a litigation matter, such as when an attorney contacts the expert too close to the report deadline or to trial, (2) the importance of the attorney communication with the client regarding the expert’s role being essential in mounting and presenting the case, and (3) that the expert’s fees should be paid in full before trial so that eh expert can’t be perceived as being biased because the opposing counsel might very well suggest to the trier of fact that fees owed to the expert is contingent on the outcome of the trial. Richard Teichner

“

Don’T

ForGET!

you can make your own personalized schedule at www.theexecutivesummit.net Keep track of your schedule and

spend more time enjoying the

aMazinG

attractions this city has to offer.

ES22 Tucson ☀ ArizonA

You need to come. You’re going to learn a lot, you’re going to get a lot of different input, and you’re going to meet a lot of people from different disciplines that can help you in your discipline. — Randall Childers, CFC

VISIT ToDAY!

www.theexecutivesummit.net Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

f r i Day, m ay 9 t h 09:45 am — 11:15 am

08:00 am — 09:30 am

Title goes in here

Mock Trial

ucia con nis minulli quidige nihitatus, con reptam nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest ut iliaspe rrorepr emoloriata aliquatiatem aborrov

Facing a Daubert challenge

Henry Lee

criminal investigations in Forensic accounting ucia con nis minulli quidige nihitatus, con reptam nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest ut iliaspe rrorepr emoloriata aliquatiatem aborrov

ucia con nis minulli quidige nihitatus, con reptam nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest ut iliaspe rrorepr emoloriata aliquatiatem aborrov idento mo debit quias re, temporro et et quo velliquod quiatus trundesciis as endit, odis auta quibus none rem harum faccuptatur am. nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae pore corest nulparis sit, tem quo ex est quam intiae Larry Settles and Joan Perin

Bob Lechter and Brad Sargent

The case of the Disappearing Gallium A full-scale gallium recovery process was designed and installed based upon laboratory data. the process equipment, together with engineering and installation, cost in excess of $1.2 m. however; the expected recovery of gallium was nonexistent. An investigation was carried out, first to determine if some facet of the process equipment had failed to function properly. upon reflection of the overall process flow diagram, a decision was made to enhance the separation of gallium from the water carrier by installing centrifuges at the tailend of the separation process. this was done, however the gallium that was clearly present in the feedstock, failed to be found in the discharge of the solids from the centrifuges. Back tracking the process to the laboratory methods used to determine that gallium was indeed recoverable provided the clues to why no gallium was being recovered in the full-scale process. Frank A. Stephenson, Ph.D., P.E.

an overview of Vehicle “Black-box” Technology and it’s applications Advances in technology are permeating our very lives. Everyone now has the power of the internet at their fingertips every second of everyday through smart phones and wireless tablets. Your private life is no longer private once you step out the door with the explosion of private governmental camera systems catching every move. Law enforcement cars are equipped with license plate of every car it passes. Your car is no longer different. information exists that is now retrievable in the event of a motor vehicle collission. All modern vehicles are equipped with restraint control modules that record and retain information on the operation of the motor vehicle by the driver. Some manufacturers have allowed third-party vendors to access that proprietary data that has once closely held. this year, the goverment is mandating that all vehicle manufacturers make that data accessible to third-party vendors*. this overview will explain the technological capabilities of the restraint control modules, the date that is accessible, current laws, and how theis new mandate will affect all drivers. 49 cFR Part 563. Daniel J. Mahoney and Michael J. Mahoney

computational Facets of Forensic obfuscation the introduction of a new computational tool into an engineering discipline carries with it concerns regarding the adoption of the tool within the engineering community. the computational tool could be in one of several forms: A new computer program that can model an engineering phenomenon that was previously impracticable before the innovation. An example is the original development and copyright registration, by the author, of a computer program to model semi-rigid joints and plastic hinges dating back to 1987. • A new engineering methodology with a different philosophy such as the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) introduced by different structural organizations such as the American concrete institute (Aci) in the 1970s and the American institute of Steel construction (AiSc) in the 1980s, • New engineering formulas or analytical procedures such as in the field of sediment transport, channel lining, or interdisciplinary evaluation of hydraulic structures expressed in changes in uS Army corps of Engineers manuals pursuant Katrina (December 2005) the acceptability of such programs, methods, or formulas and formulations may progress over decades before they become the industry standards. in the course of this metamorphosis, many questions are engendered in the forensic discourse regarding the appropriateness of the early or late adoptions of these computational innovations. One of the questions that frequently emerge, as a result, relates to the need to re-evaluate the structural strength or hydraulic capacity of pre-existing structures with the new computational tools. the presentation explores the multi-facets of the forensic obfuscation manifesting with the adoption of new computational tools and attempts to answer some of the questions that are raised in these processes. Ali S. Fayad, P.E., DABFET, FACFEI

Medical Data analysis medical record analysis provides a comprehensive evaluation of all available medical data along with an analyzation of the data. Analyzing medical records is also about understanding what information is omitted from the records. What part of the story is not being told due to gaps in the records or medical care? Mary-Louise Mulcahy

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

12:45 pm — 02:15 pm

Mock Trial continued analytical Tools and Techniques for Detecting Possible Fraud - case studies the presentation uses the financial statements of three companies to determine the anomalies the financial information that may represent fraud in the form of fraudulent financial reporting and/or covering up embezzlement activities. two of the companies’ financial statements are embedded with irregularities related to embezzlement activity while the third company is used as a comparison of the other two since those financial statements are not fraudulent. techniques include preliminary basic liquidity and profitability ratios while more advance techniques include the Beneish m-Score model, Dechow-Dichev Accrual Quality, Jones Non-discretionary Accruals, Sloans, Accruals, Lev- thiagarajan’s 12 Signals, Piotroski’s F-Score, and the basic statistical calculation of the Z- Score using both the empirical rule and chebyshev’s theorem. Pamela S. Mantone, CPA, CFR, CFF, CITP, CGMA, FCPA Forensic Accounting

a unique method of control: control theory turned upside down by Mexican immigrants One of the theories about the causes of delinquency that is most used is control theory, attributed to Hirshi (1969). in brief, he proposed that the incidence of delinquency will increase or decrease according to the amount of control under which people live and are socialized. Reckless (1973) believed that people make a rational choice between what they want as opposed to external controls. martin’s (2010) chart demonstrated that control may exist through the market, bureaucracies, or “the clan”, which appears to have the strongest effect. Although writing years before control theory was developed, Durkheim ([1897, 1971) claimed that society was bonded by a “collective conscious” that gave people a moral guide. During chaotic times this guide may collapse and people will behave more individually. mexican social control has gone through such chaotic times. Because of famine and recession, the market has put millions out of work. Bureaucracies, such as government and police, always highly corrupt, have worsened with the drug wars, and people feel compelled to leave the “clan” and travel to the u.S. the controls are non-existent. However, the crime rate in the camps is low. this presentation will suggest how new controls are achieving this. Mike Meacham

Techniques for Performing a Forensic Engineering assessment A successful forensic engineering assessment requires a careful examination of facts, standards to be applied and very good documentation. this presentation will provide forensic engineers and technicians with practical methods for defining the Scope of Assessment, development of a protocol for communication and document handling and development of a matrix for identifying deficiencies. the development of a deficiency matrix can be a very useful tool in assisting legal counsel in understanding the trail of evidence in an engineering/technical case. the presentation will describe methods for evidence collection and documentation. in addition to providing assessment of engineering/technical elements which will become part of a legal proceeding, the forensic engineer must have

communication skills necessary to translate complex engineering concepts and calculations into language which can be understood by non-technical people. A discussion will be held to outline methods of communication. A forensic professional must take care in a legal proceeding to present facts and professional opinions. the role of the forensic professional is to present evidence. it is the role of the agency having jurisdiction, AHJ, to perform judgment. An interactive discussion will be held to address the role of the forensic professional. John A. Robbins, P.E., DABFET, FACFEI

02:30 pm — 04:00 pm

Medical Plan Forensics – Examining the Evidence this is a case review of a self funded health plan and the corresponding forensic findings. this presentation will provide a structured approach in analyzing the data and facts with a chronological structure utilizing the forensic tools. the findings of this case are significant and the process used will be helpful to those providing investigation, analysis and findings of fact. Randall Childers, Jr., CFC

Expert Witness Testimony: Dealing Effectively with retaining and opposing counsel While avoiding abuse. “this one and one half hour presentation will address ways and means to professionally and effectively relate to both retaining, and opposing counsel, and how to avoid adverse communications during deposition and trial testimony.” there will be a Wrongful Death case study with attendee participation and input relevant to plaintiff and defense attorney litigation, the use of expert testimony, the Superior court Finding and Ruling, and the Appellate court Finding and Ruling. James A. Williams, PhD, CFC, DABFE

infection control through conversion Technology Hospital acquired infections are one of the most serious issues facing healthcare professionals. About one hospital patient in 10 acquires an infection after admission, according to the centers for Disease control and Prevention. this seminar will discuss conversion technology and its ability to significantly reduce airborne pathogens such as Aspergillus that can spread infections. conversion technology utilizes oxidation in recirculating HvAc systems to render biological material non-viable. various methods of oxidation will be discussed including active vs passive and photo catalytic oxidation. independent test data will be presented to quantify performance of this new technology. Daniel Neitz and XXX Hallstrom

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Wednesday, May 7th 12:30 pm

general regiStration anD exhibitS open

03:00 pm

opening general SeSSion

05:15 pm

netWorking WelCome reCeption anD eventS

Schedule is subjec t to change without notice.

Thursday, May 8th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

general SeSSion: intelligenCe analySiS / Presenter: Dannie Wright

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

the pSyChotraumatology behinD an offiCer involveD Shooting / Presenters: Stephen M. Russell & Debra M. Russell

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

the value & uSe of riSk, threat & vulnerability aSSeSSmentS / Presenter: David L. Johnson

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

Surviving the aCtive Shooter/maSS Shooting

04:00 pm

netWorking break

04:15 pm

9/11 haS ChangeD our liveS aS ameriCanS

06:00 pm

pre-banquet reCeption

06:30 pm

banquet

Presenter: Oscar Baez

Presenters: Gregory Allen and Kirk Nielson

the benefitS of the intelligenCe CyCle & the pre-employment SCreening proCeSS / Presenter: James C. Sartori

ameriCa...Wake up pleaSe

a Short hiStory of ameriCan intelligenCe ColleCtion, analySiS anD ConSumerS / Presenter: Michael Qualls

Presenter: Mark Garver

Presenter: John Didden

ConneCting the DotS

Friday, May 9th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

general SeSSion: aviation SeCurity meetS private SeCurity / Presenter: Jeff Price

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

funDamentalS of Crime SCene proCeSSing

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

panel DiSCuSSion

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

preventing ColleCtive violenCe: reSponDer Safety & operational SeCurity... / Presenter: Steven Crimando

Presenter: Sean Kinney

Moderator: TBA

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速 Winter 2013

Cyber inveStigationS: the 10 CritiCal ruleS for SuCCeSS

WorkplaCe violenCe prevention anD verbal De-eSCalation

the evolution & lateSt inSightS of CritiCal infraStruCture proteCtion / Presenter: Dr. Steven King and Shawn VanDiver

Presenter: Andrew Neal

Presenter: Jim Sawyer

American Board for Certification in Homeland Security

12:30 pm 03:00 pm 05:15 pm

06:45 am 08:00 am 09:30 am biometriC SeCurity: SeCurity ChallengeS of the 21St Century / Presenter: Gabriela Rosu

emergenCieS, CriSeS & DiSaSterS

09:45 am

Presenter: Cathi L. Marx

11:15 am partner Due DiligenCe-unDerStanDing & mitigating the riSkS of teChnology... / Presenter: Eric Svetcov

CritiCal infraStruCture proteCtion

Presenter: Anthony J. Piscitelli

12:45 pm 02:15 pm

hoW to harDen againSt & prepare for a Cyber inCiDent

Presenter: Andrew Neal

hotel rWanDa: a CaSe StuDy in CriSiS management

Presenter: Evelyn Byrd

02:30 pm 04:00 pm

aDvanCeD perSiStent threat (aot)

Presenters: Eric Svetcov and Andrew Neal

CriSiS management: emergenCieS Can Strike at anytime

Presenter: Herman C. Statum

04:15 pm 06:00 pm 06:30 pm

06:45 am 08:00 am 09:30 am logiStiCS-Cargo SeCurity & inSpeCtion: mitigating riSk

Presenters: Bill Cummins and Jessica M. Cummins

proteCting your WorkplaCe’S SpeCial neeDS perSonnel During emergenCieS / Presenter: Bo Mitchell

09:45 am 11:15 am

Corporate aviation SeCurity for proteCtion SpeCialiStS

Presenter: R.E. “Rick” Colliver

a Cultural briDge too far?

Presenter: Jeffrey T. Fowler

12:45 pm 02:15 pm

port SeCurity: Who proteCtS the maritime inDuStry anD What Do they Do / Presenter: Henri R. “Hank” Nolin

Where programS meet

Presenter: Carl A. Wertman

02:30 pm Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Wednesday, May 7th 12:30 pm

general regiStration anD exhibitS open

03:00 pm

opening general SeSSion

05:15 pm

netWorking WelCome reCeption anD eventS

Schedule is subjec t to change without notice.

Thursday, May 8th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

Surviving health Care reform

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

gooD grief: Dealing With loSS anD life tranSitionS

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

burnout: a Challenge to Self-Care

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

Working With the genDer variant Client: part one

04:00 pm

netWorking break

04:15 pm

Working With the genDer variant Client: part tWo

06:00 pm

pre-banquet reCeption

06:30 pm

banquet

Presenter: Ron Hixson and Michael Dunlap

Presenter: Marilyn K. Gilbert

Presenter: Michael W. Hayes

Presenter: David Baker-Hargrove

promoting reSilienCy

CoupleS ConneCting

DiagnoSiS CanCer: a CliniCian’S guiDe to unDerStanDing the pSyCh-SoCial impliCationS / Presenter: Nicki Pike

forgiveneSS therapy

trauma: healing the hiDDen epiDemiC

pregnanCy anD birth: the pSyChologiCal geStation of motherhooD / Presenter: Diana Lynn Barnes

the aSSoCiation betWeen aDverSe ChilDhooD experienCeS...

minDfulneSS baSeD StreSS reDuCtion for grief

truly forgive proCeSS

Presenters: Michael T. Hartley and Susan Stunt

Presenter: Jamie Kopp

Presenter: Edward Mackey

Presenter: Peter Bernstein

Friday, May 9th 06:45 am

breakfaSt

08:00 am

panel DiSCuSSion / Daniel Reidenberg, Clif Croan, Ronald Hixson,

09:30 am

netWorking break

09:45 am

an innovative pSyChotherapy for rapiD relief of emotional DiStreSS / Presenters: Steven Vazquez and Jerilee Merkle

11:15 am

lunCh

12:45 pm

veteranS, poSt traumatiC StreSS, anD meDiCal CannabiS

02:15 pm

netWorking break

02:30 pm

the fuSion of meDiCal anD mental health iSSueS...

Francis Clark Patterson, Kenneth L. Miller, and Donald E. Goff

Clif Croan, David G Ostrow, Daniel Pearce, and Mary Lynn Mathre

Presenters: Amy Mooney & Charles Mooney

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

Presenters: Dawn M. Pflugradt and Bradley P. Allen

Presenter: Patrick Thornton

Presenter: Dollie Mercedes

American Psychotherapy Association American Association of Integrative Medicine general regiStration anD exhibitS open

12:30 pm

opening general SeSSion

03:00 pm

netWorking WelCome reCeption anD eventS

05:15 pm

breakfaSt intergrative managment of inSomnia

06:45 am 08:00 am

Presenter: Dr. Chen

netWorking break holiStiC approaCh to healthCare reform

09:30 am 09:45 am

Presenter: Paul Nathenson

11:15 am our boDy: the toxiC WaSte Dump

12:45 pm

Presenter: Phylis Canion

netWorking break the meChano-tranSDuCtion: the art anD SCienCe of the healting touCh / Presenter: Christopher Bump

netWorking break unDerStanDing CliniCal relevanCe of fooD anD nutrition in toDay’S ClientS / Presenter: Tammera Karr

02:15 pm 02:30 pm 04:00 pm 04:15 pm

pre-banquet reCeption

06:00 pm

banquet

06:30 pm

breakfaSt fooD anD mooD: the SCienCe behinD the effeCtS of fooD anD nutrientS... / Presenter: Trudy Scott

netWorking break effeCtive of ChiropraCtiC in an integrative onCology Setting / Presenter: Jeffrey Sklar

06:45 am 08:00 am 09:30 am 09:45 am 11:15 am

auto immune DiSorDerS/DiSeaSeS: getting to the root CauSe... / Presenter: Christine Stueve

netWorking break Setting up a State-of-the-art praCtiCe in integrative meDiCine / Presenter: Robert McCarthy

12:45 pm 02:15 pm 02:30 pm

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

2014 ExEcutivE Summit

Continuing Education any questions, grievances, or comments may be directed to the registrar’s office by telephone at (800) 423-9737, fax at 417-881-4702, or e-mail registrar@acfei.com. if you require special accommodations to participate in accordance with the americans with Disabilities act, please see a staff member.

There will be opportunities to earn up to 16 continuing education (cE) credits at the 2014 Executive summit. an individual should claim only the continuing education credit hours for which he or she participated. continuing education credits issued for participation in the cE activity may not apply toward license renewal in all states. it is the responsibility of each participant to verify the requirements of his or her state licensing board(s). the educational activities for the 2014 Executive Summit are planned in accordance to the AcFEi policies and procedures for commercial support or promotional conflict of interest. Persons in control of the educational activities up to and including the Founder/Publisher, Registrar, continuing Education committee members, planners, staff, volunteers, and presenters have signed disclosure forms. the following members of the continuing Education committee filed the requisite disclosure forms in accordance with the AcFEi policies and procedures for commercial support or promotional conflict of interest: Dr. Robert O’Block, Founder and Publisher tanja O’Block, Office manager Pam Arnold, Registrar Karen Hope, committee member maica Perez, committee member Judilyn Simpson, committee member melissa Schroeder, committee member

cE credits are provided based on the following approvals held: • • • • • • •

American Psychological Association (APA) Accreditation council for continuing medical Education (AccmE) Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) california Board of Behavioral Sciences (cBBS) National Board of certified counselors (NBcc) california Board of Registered Nursing (cBRN) National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA)

All presentations are approved by the American college of Forensic Examiners international, the American Board for certification in Homeland Security, the American Psychotherapy Association, the American Association of integrative medicine for Diplomates, and certified members.

the American college of Forensic Examiners international is approved by the American Psychological Association to sponsor continuing education for psychologists. AcFEi maintains responsibility for this program and its content. the American college of Forensic Examiners international is accredited by the Accreditation council for continuing medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. the American college of Forensic Examiners international designates this live activity for a maximum of 2.0 AmA PRA category 1 credit(s)tm. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. this organization, American college of Forensic Examiners international Approval Number 1052, is approved as

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

a provider for continuing education by the Association of Social Work Boards 400 South Ridge Parkway, Suite B, culpeper, vA 22701. www.aswb.org. ASWB Approval Period: 9/15/2010 to 9/15/2013. Social workers should contact their regulatory board to determine course approval. Social workers will receive 4.0 continuing education clock hours in participating in this course.

the American college of Forensic Examiners international is an NBcc Approved continuing Education Provider (AcEPtm) and may offer NBcc approved clock hours for events that meet NBcc requirements. Sessions for which NBcc approved clock hours will be awarded are identified in the program bulletin. the AcEP solely is responsible for all aspects of the program. Provider #5812

the American college of Forensic Examiners international is an approved provider of the california Board of Behavioral Sciences, approval PcE 1896. course meets the qualifications for 2 hours of continuing education credit for mFts and/or LcSWs as required by the california Board of Behavioral Sciences.

the American college of Forensic Examiners international is registered with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) as a sponsor of continuing professional education on the National Registry of cPE Sponsors. State boards of accountancy have final authority on the acceptance of individual courses for cPE credit. complaints regarding registered sponsors may be submitted to the National Registry of cPE Sponsors through its website: www. learningmarket.org.

the American college of Forensic Examiners international is approved by the california Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number 13133 for 2.0 contact hours.

ES22

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that makes it impossible to hold the Summit. In the event of such occurrences, credit vouchers will be issued in lieu of cash.

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In order to receive continuing education credit for sessions attended, participants must complete a session evaluation after each session; additional criteria may be required, which is determined by the type of continuing education credit awarded for each individual session. For more information on administrative policies, such as grievances, please contact the association headquarters at 800.423.9737.

CANCELLATION POLICY: All requests for cancellation of summit registration must be made to Association Headquarters in writing by fax, mail, or e-mail. Phone cancellations will not be accepted. All cancelled registrations will be assessed a $100 administrative fee. All cancellation refunds (less administrative fee) will be issued in the form of credit vouchers. Cancellations received prior to Friday, March 28, 2014, will be issued a full refund (less administrative fee). No refunds are provided after that date. After March 28, 2014, all sales are final.

E duc at E

☀

in t E g r at E

☀

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☀

m Winter o t i v2013 a t THE E FORENSIC EXAMINER® 49

$129/night

for Executive Summit attendees

Hilton El Conquistador Golf & Tennis Resort make your reservations today! Located on 500 acres of high sonoran Desert terrain in the foothills of the santa catalina Mountains, the full-service Tucson, arizona hotel offers a beautiful destination setting in the heart of arizona. There are multiple perks for staying onsite at the Hilton, including increased networking opportunities with fellow summit attendees, ViPs, and staff. A discounted rate of $129 per night has been established for Executive Summit attendees. To make your reservation, call (520) 544-5000 and reference group code CnT. you can also book at www. theexecutivesummit.net/hotel.

10000 norT H or acLE roaD | Tucson, arizona 85704

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER Winter 2013 速

RESERVAT IonS | 520.544.5000

Kevin Theriault

SUCCESS FILES

files By Kevin Theriault To have an appreciation of this success story, I need to give you a little background about myself. I’ve worked as a patrolman for 11 plus years working many collisions, and my theory as a police officer was if you were arrested for a crime, you were guilty as charged, and you would not want me on your jury. As a private consultant now for 13 years, I received a telephone call from a distraught woman whose husband was in jail awaiting trial on a vehicular manslaughter charge. She told me over the phone that her husband was adamant that he did not cross the center line which caused the death of a prominent state senator. She went on to tell me that they didn’t have any money to pay for an expensive reconstruction of the collision and nobody else would

even look at her husband’s collision. She had photographs of the scene and vehicles taken a day after the collision. I told her I would look at the state police investigation and reconstruction of the collision and the photographs she sent to me at no charge. Of course I’m thinking to myself that the state police have it right. However, after a review and analysis of the state police reconstruction, which included EDR (Event Data Recorder) data from the senator’s vehicle and photographs provided by the defendant’s wife, I concluded that the state police reconstruction was in error. I called the defendant’s wife and informed her that her husband’s vehicle had not crossed the center line when the collision took place. It was the senator’s vehicle that crossed the center line. The public defender’s office contacted me and asked me to provide a written report outlining my opinions. They also asked if I would come testify at trial and I told them I would be glad to. The night before my scheduled trial testimony, I received the state police photographs and the PowerPoint presentation the trooper used during his testimony. I prepared my own PowerPoint presentation incorporating some of the slides used during the trooper’s testimony, and used a particular photograph from the state police photographs showing the undercarriage of the senator’s vehicle. This photograph depicted two bolt heads abraded from roadway contact during maximum engagement between the two vehicles. These two bolt heads were underneath the right side (passenger) of the vehicle. I also used a photograph from the defendant’s wife of a particular area of the roadway, which depicted two distinct gouges consistent with the two-bolt pattern underneath the senator’s vehicle. During my testimony to the jury, I used my diagram showing the roadway evidence as measured by the state police and overlaid it with my opinion as to where the vehicles were in relationship to the roadway at impact based on the physical evidence. I then placed the state police diagram depicting their opinion of impact as it relates to the physical evidence next to my diagram. I also explained the EDR data and the rotation of the senator’s vehicle after impact. I explained the two abraded bolt heads underneath the right side of the senator’s vehicle made the two gouge marks in an arc pattern due to the rotation, and these gouges were approximately 2 feet inside the defendant’s lane of travel. I explained to the jury the overlapping of the vehicles during impact and in order for the two gouge marks to generate from impact, the defendant’s vehicle was fully in his lane while the senator’s vehicle was almost completely in the defendant’s lane at impact. The jury acquitted the defendant of vehicular manslaughter. n

Kevin Theriault has over 24 years experience in traffic crash investigation, reconstruction, and analysis. He is a specialist in commercial vehicle crashes, motorcycle crashes, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, and DOT Safety Compliance and Audit reviews. He is the founder and owner of Crash & Safety Consultants, LLC, which opened in 2008. Theriault has his associate’s in law enforcement from Southern Maine Technical College and his bachelor’s in management from Franklin Pierce College, from which he graduated Magna Cum Laude.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

DMO KNIVES an interview with founders Brian Cathey and Rob Garcia

How did DMO first get started?

Brian Cathey and Rob Garcia, founders of Dead Moose Ops (DMO). Photo Credit: Brandon Alms

“Our main goal is to

produce the best all around knife that will last a lifetime, and to make a custom knife for all to be able to afford and use. We want our customers to use them and not worry about it.”

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

BC: A good friend of mine, Rob Garcia, had to leave law enforcement (he worked for me at my agency) after being diagnosed with MS. During a couple years he spent time researching knife making, mentoring with a local well-known knife maker, all while fighting daily for normalcy with his MS. I stayed in contact with him over those 2 years, and when he had a good day he would work on a few knives. I could see his knife making skills improving with each knife. In 2012 Rob started taking a new medication and it seems to be helping. I have 20 years of law enforcement, 16 years of tactical experience, and command my agency’s team. I have always had a knife in mind that would be perfect not only for law enforcement, but other emergency personnel, military, hikers, and the average person. I wanted something heavy duty; a tool, not just a knife. I wanted it compact for carry, able to cut anything, used for defense, used as a pry bar, and also able to be used as a window breaker. Rob took on my challenge with his knowledge and craftsman ability. He hand-crafted two knives. I was blown away by how he was able to make exactly what was in my mind, how good they felt in my hands, and the how amazing the durability was. Rob asked, “What are you going to call it?” I said, “Well most of time on Special Reaction Team I was the breacher, and this knife will go through anything.” So “The Breacher” was born. I started sending pictures to other people and showing them to everyone I could. Everyone was just amazed by how they looked and felt. Everyone who held it wanted one or two of them. I felt like we needed to help them get these knives. I sat down with Rob to make and show me how to make these. It’s been a great partnership.

FEATURE

Why Dead Moose Ops? BC: Rob came up with Dead Moose Ops. He liked it because once you heard the name you didn’t forget, due to it being unique. We decided to shorten it, since saying “Dead Moose Ops this” and “Dead Moose Ops that” doesn’t roll off the tongue too well. So we decided to shorten it to DMO. RG: We wanted something different, off the wall, that when you hear it you don’t forget it. Plus, its sounds cool. We later mainstreamed the name DMO Knives because it was easier to say and market, but we will always be Dead Moose Ops. One of the variations of the Breacher model shown with a Kydex sheath, which comes with each DMO Knife. Photo Credit: Brandon Alms

RG: I have always had a passion for art, knives, design, and creating stuff. I always wanted to make my own knife, so I started researching materials, tools, techniques, and then started messing around in the garage. I mentored with a local knife smith with over 30 years experience in making knives and a shop full of goodies. Being in law enforcement and poor, I couldn’t afford most common tools used in making knives, so I built my own. Most of these tools, like the belt grinder, oven, forge, and the process we use to etch our logo into the blade we still use today. Up to this point I was still just a hobbyist making knives for buddies that were being deployed, and a few local friends. Then one day my good friend Brian Cathey, who was my boss when I worked at the sheriff’s office, wanted me to make him a knife. Brian had been on the SWAT team for several years always in search of his unicorn (the perfect knife). We talked through the design, purpose, and what it needed to stand up to in the field. A couple weeks later I took Brian a prototype to see if we were on the same page; he asked for two. After I finished the two knives Brian came over to see the finished product. I think we both were kind of amazed at what we had created, later named “the Breacher.” Brian started showing the knife off and it seemed that everyone that held or even saw it wanted one. Brian and I teamed up and DMO Knives was formed.

One of the variations of the Breacher model shown with a Kydex sheath, which comes with each DMO Knife. Photo Credit: Nancy Cathey

“Our knives are more than a cutting instrument. They can be used for window breaking, prying anything, cutting, chopping, and defense.”

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

THE HANDLES

from an AirForce Pararescueman who uses a DMO knife: “Pararescuemen are experts in using tools such as crash axe, JAWS of life, saw-zall, and grinders to remove patients from wreckages. We can’t always carry these heavy items into combat situations behind enemy lines. Speed is our security. This knife was easily able to cut through the skin of a car/aircraft. I tried this out cutting, prying, and making purchasing points. [The knife] was very beneficial, and stood the test. There was no chipping/ chunking in the knife/blade after the stress we induced. Truly a quality, reliable piece of gear that all operators should invest in. Thanks again Rob.”

Made from solid block of G10. G10 is a glass-reinforced resin material. Originally used as a base for circuit boards, and then used for handles or other ‘plastic’ parts needing some of its properties. G10 is not affected from weather, meaning it doesn’t shrink or expand. The G10 can be ordered in a variety of colors.

The SHEATHS

Made from Kydex and are formfitted to each knife for maximum retention. The sheath is equipped with a Tek-lok for carry. The blade color and handle can be ordered in a variety of colors. Kydex is waterproof, scratch resistant, holds its shape better, will not stretch or shrink under normal conditions, and has lower friction than other materials.

The STEEL

Made from the highest quality 1095 blade steel. The spine has a Rockwell Hardness of 53 and the cutting edge is 61.

THE FINISH

Cerakote is a baked on finish that protects from weather and use. The blade color can be ordered in a variety of colors. www.cerakoteguncoatings.com/finishes

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

The DMO Models are designed to give the user multiple tools all in one. It’s not just a knife. The user can chop, cut, stab, pry, and break glass with this instrument. DMO Knives are heat-treated and cryogenically treated to give the edge maximum performance under extreme conditions. These treatments allow the knife to stay sharper longer. The spine of the knife has less Rockwell Hardness than the blade. This allows the blade to flex as it is used to keep it from breaking or shattering. This technology has been used and tried over centuries in samurai swords.

What makes your knives better than the average knife?

What can DMO Knives be used for?

BC: The care and thought behind it. We truly want to produce not a knife, but a lifetime tool. We want people to hand these down from generation to generation. We make sure every process is the same, from the heat treatments to the cryogenic treatments. We spend several hours hands-on with each knife. They are built close to how one would build a samurai sword. The rock harness across the spine is less than at the blade, which allows the knife to “flex” when being used. Our knives are more than a cutting instrument. They can be used for window breaking, prying anything, cutting, chopping, and defense. We are proud to say made in the USA and love hearing and seeing our customer’s reactions when they get their custom made DMO knife.

BC: They are designed to be a tool. We want our customers not to be worried about using them. They are made to be used. You can pry, cut, chop, and break windows.

RG: Instead of going an extra step, we go two to three steps beyond your average knife by putting in more man-hours. We start with the best high carbon steel we can find. We have over 25 combined years of real world experience in tactical and combat situations. We know what you want and what you need to get the job done and survive your environment.

RG: We wanted our knives to be more than just knives; they are tools. If you ever held a DMO knife you would understand. Specifically cutting, prying, breaking, crushing, digging, and just about anything you want to use it for. Oh, and my personal favorite: throwing. You don’t even need to know how to throw a knife because it doesn’t matter how the knife hits: it’s going to feel like a brick and do some damage!

warranty The warranty will cover any damage due to imperfections in the steel, though we do test each batch. The coating is not covered, due to it being a coating it may wear over time, but it is more durable than most finishes. We do offer a refurbishing service to re-coat heavily used knifes. Additionally, all knifes are made in the USA by our own hands. We will talk openly to any customer who has any concerns. So far we have had zero concerns and lots of praises. If the knife is deformed in the line of duty or used as defense or as a rescue tool, we will replace that knife at no cost with the return of the knife and testimonial of the event.

These pictures demonstrate the toughness and durability of the blade, cutting edge, and coating. The knife stabs the metal car door several times. Hammering, the spin of the blade of the knife cuts the metal open like a can opener. Finally, the knife is placed between the door’s reinforcement crossbar and outer metal of the door. As the knife is pried, the blade flexes, but does not snap. Photo Credits: Brandon Alms

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

How are the knives made?

RG: Each style of knife starts out on paper with a spe-

3 1. Profiling shape and edge of blades. 2. Oven heating up blades to 1555 degrees Fahrenheit. 3. Oil quenching blades. 4. Differential heat treat. 5. Cryogenic treatment of blades in liquid nitrogen. 6. Knife handles are prepared. 7. Final cutting edge is placed on blade. Photo Credits: Brandon Alms

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

cific task in mind. From there we develop a prototype for a “hands-on” feel and to critique any imperfection so we can make adjustments. The knives are cut from highcarbon 1095 steel. We grind the cutting edge, it goes through a quenching stage, and then we continue to a process that I call “differential heat treat.” Then the knife goes into a bath of liquid nitrogen (cryo treatment), then it is tempered. Certain stages of the knife-making process are repeated, but any further details would give away our little secrets. Color schemes are chosen and blades are ceramic coated in Cerakote. Handles are carved out of solid blocks of G10. Sheaths are molded from Kydex and a Tek-Lok is secured to the sheath. In the final step, a 25 degree cutting edge is ground on the blade.

6 7

How would the knives be useful for both civilians and emergency responders?

How long does it take from the time you order to when you receive your knives?

BC: Emergency responders can use the knives to pry open doors, knock out windows to pull someone to safety, cut seat belts, and they can even be used to cut through metals of car doors or roofs if needed. It can be used as a defense weapon as well. We will soon be offering DMO knife defense classes. Civilians can use them for defense, and they are good outdoors for chopping limbs for fires, skinning animals, and helping recue people as well. It is not just a knife, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a tool. If you can only have one knife this is the one to have!

BC: If there is no custom etching involved, usually 2 weeks to 3 weeks.

What size, style, and color options do you offer? BC: We currently offer 3 models. We let our customers choose

What type of guarantee do you have on your knives? RG: DMO knives are made for life! How can you order? BC: You can order by contacting us on our website, by email, by phone, or on our facebook page.

blade color. There are about 100 different colors, G10 handle color and spacer colors.

What is the price range for your knives? Are there additional fees for certain colors or engravings? BC: Our knives start at $300-$450 and go up based on style and extras. Additionally, we do offer discounts for emergency personnel and military. Each knife comes with a black kydex sheath with a TEKLOK belt clip. We offer paracord lanyards for $15. We can do custom etching for company logos, some military, and also emergency responders. We can do custom lettering etching as well for $50 for up to 5 letters, and $70 for anything past 5 letters. Showing the Brute prototype at top and examples of just a few of the different color variations of the Breacher model. We at DMO Knives let our customers choose blade color, handle color, and spacer color. Photo Credit: Brandon Alms This is a demonstration of how sharp the blade is. A DMO knife cuts a free standing plastic water bottle clean in half. This type of demonstration is commonly used in cutting competitions. Photo Credit: Brandon Alms

contact

www.dmoknives.com www.facebook.com/dmoknives robert garcia deadmooseops@gmail.com 417.425.4235

brian cathey dmoknives@gmail.com 417.521.8222

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINERÂŽ

CE ARTICLE: 1 CE CREDIT By Linda Doyle, RN CLNC CFN CMI-III CHS-III CDP-I DABFN

forensic nursing:

Key to Disaster Preparedness Strategy BACKGROUND Forensic nurses have been actively engaged in disaster response since long before 9/11 or Hurricane Katrina. Their valuable participation in response activities is well-documented. Preparedness activities concentrated on training forensic nurses in their roles and responsibilities during any disaster response, including how they would be incorporated into the overall response process. Of course this training is necessary, because response efforts have a very specific process that must

THE FORENSIC EXAMINERÂŽ Winter 2013

be followed to ensure all responders are working in unison. They complement and support each other. This process incorporates the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which utilizes the Incident Command System (ICS). NIMS and ICS clearly define the responsibility of each responder, as well as the chain-of-command; therefore, who is in charge is well-established. Responders from out of the area are able to immediately participate once they receive their assignments, because the roles and re-

sponsibilities are consistent throughout the process. Without this structured system, inefficiency results in duplicated efforts, missed opportunities, wasted resources, andâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;at its worstâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;lost lives. Unfortunately, this training did not address preventive or mitigation measures for the types of trauma that historically result from disasters. The focus was on what to do after the fact, not before, and because the forensic nurses were reactive, not proactive, the opportunity to minimize or prevent many injuries was missed.

Jamestown, Colo., Sep. 15, 2013 — The small mountain town of 300 has been cut off because of Boulder County flood. FEMA Urban Search & Rescue (US&R) teams deployed to the state to help in Search and Rescue operations. Steve Zumwalt/FEMA

CE AT HOME STUDY COURSE: 1 ce credit In order to receive credit for the article, please go to http://www.acfei.com/FEWI0113 and look for course code FEWI0113 to take the exam and complete the evaluation. If you have special needs that prevent you from taking the exam online, please contact the registrar at 800.423.9737. American College of Forensic Examiners Institute® (ACFEI), provides this continuing education credit for Diplomates and certified members, who we recommend obtain 15 credits per year to maintain their status.

Abstract Disaster preparedness has two primary functions. The first is to prepare responders for what their roles and responsibilities are once a disaster occurs, and to ensure they have the training and equipment needed. The inclusion of forensic nurses in disaster preparedness was centered on this premise. The value of forensic nurses in response efforts is well documented. However, their participation in the second function, prevention, may be even more valuable. Forensic nurses are well versed on medico-legal trauma—injuries that could result in legal ramifications. With their ability to recognize potential risks of injury and to identify possible interventions including elimination, mitigation, and educational opportunities, forensic nurses have more than earned inclusion on the disaster preparedness team.

Prevention should be a key component of any disaster preparedness program, and it is the primary focus of this article. It is not enough to just treat the same types of injuries over and over again as disaster incidents are repeated; we must use this information to address the risks and causes of these injuries. It is acknowledged that not all risks and dangers can be eliminated or mitigated, but by addressing as many as possible during the preparedness stage or providing safety education about the remaining risks, many

of these injuries can be prevented. Prevention efforts must be based upon priority of the identified risks. In an ideal world, there would be enough resources to address all identified risks simultaneously. Unfortunately, that is not a practical expectation; therefore, it is necessary to prioritize preparedness and preventive measures. Concentrating on the greatest risk to the greatest number should be the first priority. As one disaster preparedness professional stated, “You can only eat the elephant one

After studying this article, participants should be better able to do the following: 1. Explain the two different functions of disaster preparedness 2. Explain the importance of elimination, mitigation, or education in prevention efforts 3. Discuss the qualifications and skills that the forensic nurse brings to disaster preparedness 4. Describe how the nursing process contributes to the disaster preparedness process 5. Identify the types of medico-legal injuries that could occur during and after a disaster event Keywords: Forensic nursing, disaster preparedness, disaster prevention, risk mitigation, medico-legal trauma Target Audience: Forensic nurses including legal nurse consultants, emergency managers, and anyone interested or involved in disaster preparedness and prevention. Disclosure: The authors have nothing to disclose Program Level: Basic FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None PREREQUISITES: None

bite at a time.” Which is true; however, you must first identify the elephant, which is where the forensic nurse brings value to the table. In this case, we must first identify the types of trauma that historically occur during disasters and the potential causes of these injuries; only then can we start nibbling. By eliminating the cause when possible, mitigating the cause when elimination is not possible, and educating the public about the remaining risks, many of these injuries can be prevented. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Gulfport, Miss., September 6, 2005 — Destroyed houses in Gulfport, Miss. Mark Wolfe/FEMA

Hurricane

katrina As referenced in the Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2009), Virginia Lynch (1990) originally defined forensic nursing as “the application of nursing process to public or legal proceedings” (p. 2). She later emphasized in the textbook Forensic Nursing (2006) that role development for the forensic nurse was “that of a forensic specialist in nursing, not a nursing specialist in forensic science or criminal justice” (Lynch, 2006, p. 3). The International Association of Forensic Nurses (2008) currently defines forensic nursing in the Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2009) as “the practice of nursing globally when health and legal systems intersect” (p. 3). Simply put, we apply nursing principles to medico-legal cases—cases that result or could result in legal ramifications. Examples of those that forensic nurses care for include:

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• Victims and/or perpetrators of interpersonal violence including child abuse, domestic violence (now referred to as intimate partner abuse and assault), rape, gang violence, and laws related to violence • Victims and/or perpetrators of manmade catastrophe, intentional or unintentional, including motor vehicle accidents, terrorism, man-made disasters, negligent acts • Victims of natural causes of trauma and mass evacuation including earthquake, tornado, flooding, or other natural disasters. (Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2009) The forensic nurse’s focus is on “identification, management, and prevention of intentional or unintentional injuries in a global community” (Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2009). These injuries,

in keeping with the definition of forensic nursing, have the potential for legal ramifications—cases where medicine and law intersect. This is where disaster preparedness and prevention fit into the realm of forensic nursing. The forensic nurse identifies the injuries that have historically occurred during disasters, especially devastating disasters, and develops plans to eliminate, mitigate, or at the very least, promote awareness of the potential of such injuries so precautions can be taken. Although this is an entirely different focus for the forensic nurse, it is well within our scope of practice. This area opens up a completely new opportunity for forensic nurses to contribute to trauma prevention. Not only do proactive forensic nurses lessen the threat of injury during a disaster, but through our knowledge of contributing factors, we can decrease the risk of traumatic events in the aftermath of the disaster. The documented occurrences

• Poor decision making (not utilizing an assessment to prioritize preparedness and prevention efforts based upon the degree of risk posed to populace) • Misuse of resources (not utilizing NIMS or Incident Command System for response; not utilizing an assessment to prioritize efforts) • Ignorance of risk • Selfish reasons (using cheap, poorquality construction materials to “save” money) • Malicious reasons (disregard for human life, as in a terrorist act, or for personal gain, such as for insurance money)

of violence and crimes against humanity that transpired in the days and weeks following Hurricane Katrina reveal the opportunities for implementing preventive measures by utilizing historical information. By scrutinizing this information, it is possible to predict potential outcomes and better prepare for future events. This is just another example of how forensic nursing can contribute to prevention. When these injuries occur due to the fault or negligence of others and could result in legal recourse, they fall into the forensic realm. Therefore, these types of injuries should be the focus of the forensic nurse in the preparedness stage. Specific injuries will be discussed later, but it is important to understand why preventive measures are not always taken. Examples of when this can occur include: • Results of a poor assessment or not doing an assessment (not identifying the elephant)

NURSING PROCESS An organized process is just as important to the forensic nurse’s disaster preparedness activities as it is in response efforts, and forensic nurses follow the nursing process. This is an expectation in the Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2009). More than that, the nursing process is the basic tool used in all nursing practices. The nursing process incorporates the following elements: • Assessment and analysis • Nursing diagnosis • Plan development • Plan implementation • Evaluation Assessment and analysis would be used to identify the elephant. The other components would assist in identification of where the first and subsequent bites should occur. The elephant can then be eaten in a systematic way without the diner being trampled. It is not enough to treat these victims once a disaster occurs; we must learn from them to hopefully lessen or eliminate the risk in future incidents. Once the types of injuries are identified, the causes of such injuries are where we will focus our preparedness and prevention efforts.

Below is a brief overview of how the nursing process is employed in the preparedness and prevention process. Although we base this process on the components of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) International Guidelines, we are using historical trauma data, not real-time patient assessment. We are incorporating the organizational structure of the process into our prevention activities, but adapting the components to meet our needs. Subsequently, the nursing diagnosis may or may not differ from those on actual patient care plans due to the particular disaster situation. The following describes how each of the components of the nursing process is utilized in this unique situation: • Assessment and Analysis There may be general commonalities, but overall, every situation and setting is unique. Types of risks, available resources, population characteristics, types of businesses and industries, and current preparedness status require consideration during the assessment phase of the preparedness process; all are parts of the elephant we must identify before we can proceed. Once the assessment is completed, an analysis of the findings is done to determine where and what interventions can be incorporated, to prioritize risks, to identify needs and available resources. This analysis should identify the strengths and weaknesses of the specific setting based upon an all-hazards investigation.

• Nursing Diagnosis The nursing diagnosis addresses the nursing implications of those impacted by the incident. It is different than a medical diagnosis. However, nursing implications may occur because of the effects a medical condition has on the person—these medical conditions may be pre-existing or acute. The injuries and conditions may be physical, psychiatric, psychological/ behavioral, or any combination. The effects of a disaster may last for hours, days, weeks, months, or a lifetime. Factors affecting the victim’s response include the severity of the disaster, degree of injury, the extent of loss, the overall health status at the time of the event, and the support received during and after the incident. Nursing implications may exist due to the site situation, such as lack of sanitation, over-crowded conditions, or lack of utilities. These are all contributing factors that will need to be considered. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Public Health Service Act

US Dept of Health & Human Services, Washington D.C. / Photo Credit: Ralf Roletschek

ou may have heard the phrase, “All disasters (or emergencies) are local.” This means that, legally, it is the local authorities who are responsible for the response efforts. This is especially true for public health emergencies and disasters. The U.S. Constitution dictates that each state possesses public health governance and the federal government has no expressed power in such matters. It is essential for disaster managers, including local and state health officers, to understand disaster management, and when necessary, how to ask for assistance if resources are overwhelmed. However, the world has drastically changed since the Constitution first addressed this situation. We are no longer separated from risks by distance and water. International travel is no longer measured in days, weeks, or months. Intercontinental travel can bring exotic diseases to our cities in a matter of hours. Terrorism is no longer something we read about occurring in foreign lands. Weapons technologies now exist that no one could fathom 200+ years ago. As a result, the federal government has gradually been inserting itself into a leadership role during public health crises and in preparing for such disastrous events. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is given major authorities through the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act). Under the PHS Act, the Secretary of HHS “shall lead all federal public health and medical response to public health emergencies and incidents covered by the National Response Framework.” Under the National Response Framework, HHS is the principal agency for Emergency Support Function (ESF) 8, which covers public health and medical response. It is a support agency for ESF 6, which covers mass care, emergency assistance, housing, and human services. PHSA Section 311 gives the Secretary of HHS the authority to provide assistance to state and local authorities when their resources are overwhelmed by the incident. This authority exists even if a disaster declaration has not been made. Note this is different from the Stafford Act that requires a Presidential declaration. In 2006 the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act was added to the PHS Act. It identifies the Secretary of HHS as the federal official for public health emergency preparedness and response. It creates the HHS Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), the main advisor to the Secretary of HHS on public health and medical emergency preparedness. This act also includes authority for developing countermeasures, sets up mechanisms and funding to continue strengthening local and state public health security infrastructure, and places the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) under HHS to address surge capacity.

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An example of a possible nursing diagnosis at a shelter could be ineffective health maintenance R/T lack of supplies/ provisions/services. It is not difficult to imagine trauma patients falling into this category when medical care would be compromised in a disaster, or to imagine frail or compromised patients being impacted by such conditions. Whereas individual care plans are based upon the individual person’s assessment, in preparedness plans we are looking at the assessment of groups or clusters of individuals. That is why we must adapt the guidelines to reflect the anticipated situation.

• Plan Development and Implementation The purpose of the plan is to address risks and problems identified during the assessment and analysis phase. The first step is completed through elimination, mitigation, or education. The risks should be prioritized to ensure that the most serious problems are addressed first. This does not mean the other issues are not considered important; it means that they will be dealt with as time and resources allow. The most critical problems are those that pose the danger of serious injury or death to the general public. Any infrastructure and property damage that could put people in danger should be considered when prioritizing risks. The second step is to consider how the basic needs of the people will be provided in the event that they become unable to care for themselves or are forced to leave their homes. This will be a real challenge and the process must be developed before the need arises. Shelter, food, water, sanitation, disease prevention, medical care, mental health care and support, counseling, security, and special needs of certain population segments including children, elderly, medically fragile, and all disabled—to name a few—are all areas that must be included in any planning efforts. Using the example provided under nursing diagnosis, you can get a sense of some of the needs that must be anticipated. Because the focus of this article is trauma, we would need to anticipate how to establish adequate medical care of such patients in the shelter setting. Learning from past disasters, any time the masses are placed in a confined space under unimaginable stressful circumstances without the availability of life-sustaining basics, the risk of violence escalates drastically.

Increased incidents of intimate partner violence, rape, child abuse, elder abuse, rioting, and robbery, with ensuing injury and even death can result from fear, anger, and the feeling of helplessness or hopelessness. Even the most rational, easy-going person will be put to the test under such stressful situations and irrational behavior must be anticipated. Many times the violence is the result of survival instincts and the fear of not having what is needed to live. From a forensic standpoint, any injury occurring during this type of situation is a potential forensic case. In additional to caring for the people, animal welfare is an important aspect of planning efforts because of the effect it has on people. Consider what the people of New Orleans were willing to do to save their pets at the risk of losing their own lives. The last part of plan development is to establish specific measures that address the risks, problems, and concerns identified above. Priorities are established to determine in what order these measures will be implemented. The quantity, quality, and types of resources available will influence how many measures are executed in concert. When multiple agencies are included in the implementation process, responsibilities must be clearly assigned. Setting reasonable goals to be accomplished by implementing the established preparedness and preventive measures will ensure a more successful process.

• Evaluation The evaluation is a necessary step to determine if the plan, once implemented, accomplished all, part, or none of the plan’s goals. As Dr. David Goldschmitt, co-author of Medical Disaster Response, A Survival Guide for Hospitals in Mass Casualty Events” pointed out: “Success or failure of a plan does not, by itself, identify if the planning strategies were sound or successful, as an intelligent and experienced disaster team can bypass a portion of the plan that is flawed or unworkable and go on to a successful outcome, an example of ‘the operation was a failure, but the patient lived.’” (D. Goldschmitt, personal communication, January 20, 2012).

In addition to assisting in response efforts and performing preparedness functions, the Secretary of HHS, under PHS Act Section 319, has the authority to declare a health emergency under the following conditions: ✓✓The Secretary of Homeland Security determines that there is a domestic emergency, or a significant potential for a domestic emergency, involving a heightened risk of attack with a specified biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; ✓✓The Secretary of Defense determines that there is a military emergency, or a significant potential for a military emergency, involving a heightened risk to U.S. military forces of attack with a specified biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents; and/or ✓✓The Secretary of HHS determines that a public health emergency under PHS Act Section 319 that affects or has the significant potential to affect national security and that involves a specified biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents, or a specified disease or condition that may be attributable to such agent or agents. (Consider the planning that went into preventing SARS and H1N1 from becoming major health issues in the United States.) Once the Secretary of HHS has declared a public health emergency based upon the previous criteria, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) may be implemented. Through the FD&C Act Section 564, as amended by the Project BioShield Act of 2004, the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) permits the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner to allow medical countermeasures—either not approved or not approved for this particular use—be made available in an emergency to diagnose, treat, or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions caused by biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear agents when no adequate, approved, or alternative measures are available. There are specific guidelines that must be followed before such measures can be authorized for use. Special protocols may be required during use and limitations may be placed on use. Risks and liability issues must be addressed. For example, an EUA was utilized for the unapproved antiviral drug, Peramivir, which was authorized for intravenous use during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Its use was limited to patients for whom other therapy had failed or in whom oral or inhalation drug absorption was believed unreliable. Another EUA was issued in October 2008 for the use of Doxycyline for prophylaxis of inhalation anthrax. This EUA was renewed in October of 2009 and 2010. It was amended and renewed in July 2011. How does this pertain to forensic nursing and disaster preparedness and prevention? When a risk or threat has been identified, such as with a potential biological exposure, forensic nurses can identify at-risk populations, ascertain measures to prevent exposure, and provide education to possible victims. ESF 6, which covers mass care, emergency assistance, housing, and human services, also affords the forensic nurse the opportunity to identify safety and health needs during the preparedness stage. The role of the forensic nurse in disaster preparedness is anticipating and preventing adverse health effects of a disaster, to the extent possible, by utilizing the nursing process of assessment and analysis, nursing diagnosis, plan development, plan implementation, and evaluation. This role complements that of the Secretary of HHS when proactive measures are implemented. While the ASPR advises the Secretary on public health and medical emergency preparedness, the forensic nurse has the skills and background to provide such advice to local and state disaster managers, with an emphasis on preventive preparedness measures. This advice is based upon historical data and lessons learned from past disasters or current events, such as with anthrax, SARS, and H1N1. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Photo Credit: Margo Harrison/shutterstock

Examples of these physical injuries include:

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dr. Goldschmitt also asserted: “Conversely, a good plan can be sabotaged or compromised by changing circumstances or incompetent participants, an example of ‘the operation was successful, but the patient died.’ “Then the task is to make the plan idiot-proof. These safeguards are essential to a successful management strategy and must not be overlooked. Plans do not operate in a vacuum, or in only ideal conditions.” (D. Goldschmitt, personal communication, January 20, 2012)

will impact the entire plan, thus requiring complete review to determine if the original plan is still viable. Although this process is appropriate to use for all preparedness and prevention planning, it is important to remember the primary goal for the forensic nurse is to identify and address risks that could result in forensic cases where medicine and law intersect. Once these risks have been identified, preventive measures can be addressed. Opportunities for Preventive Measures To facilitate planning efforts, it is important to understand the various traumas that have historically occurred during and in the aftermath of disasters. The types and severity of injuries depends upon the disaster itself.

It is unreasonable to expect the original plan to solve all potential problems. It is logical to expect some progress on the elimination, mitigation, and education of Initial injuries identified risks. Addressing obvious hazards The following list of anticipated injures are will greatly reduce the likelihood of future not all-inclusive but will demonstrate why injuries and other problems. Education is their consideration in preparedness and prean ongoing process. When risks are iden- ventive measures is essential. (Note: They are tified and addressed, plans updated and not listed in any particular order) implemented, procedures developed, and • Physical injuries are generally self-exresources acquired or updated, education is planatory due to the destructive forces essential to ensure all necessary persons—lay of the disaster. The initial trauma is and professional—are aware of the expected the direct result of the event itself, but course of action. further damage can occur in the after Identifying what worked and what did not math of the disaster. When these injuwork may be more difficult to evaluate prior ries occur as the result of negligence to experiencing the next incident. That does (i.e., faulty materials used in construcnot mean you just sit and wait for the next tion, illegal or improper storage of “big one.” Any changes that have been made, toxic materials, lack of construction any change in resources status, or any areas standards enforcement, etc.), resulting where the plan measures were implemented traumas are potential forensic cases.

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Crushing injuries Traumatic brain injury Concussions Fractures Lacerations Puncture wounds Shock/electrocution Burns Amputations Spinal injuries Contusions Abrasions Impalement Exposure to toxins Death

Again, this list is not all-inclusive, but should encourage the planner(s) to think, “What if?” Using the “what if ” concept, consider worstcase scenarios, the various injuries that have historically occurred during similar events, as well as potential causes of not only the injuries but of the actual events. This will lead to elimination, mitigation, or educational opportunities. As an example, consider what would happen if there were a crash of a commercial airliner with a full complement of passengers and crew. This would definitely be classified as a disaster. For this scenario, we will only focus on the immediate physical injuries. Due to the very nature of the event, the anticipated destruction would most likely result in numerous deaths or devastating injuries for any survivors. Potential causes of the crash must be thought-provoking. The rationale being: If the cause(s) of the crash had been averted, the ensuing deaths and injuries would have been avoided. It is interesting to note that this very subject has been in the news recently. Pilot error has been documented as the primary cause of many devastating crashes. To eliminate or mitigate this identified cause, new regulations will soon be implemented to include increasing mandatory rest periods and training for pilots. By taking measures to decrease incidents of pilot error, it is hoped that such crashes can be prevented. Traumas from such an incident would be categorized as medico-legal, and thus, forensic cases—where medicine and law intersect. Many lawsuits result from such injuries.

This is just one example of why disaster preparedness is so important. Identifying potential risks, and their possible causes, and taking corrective actions before disaster strikes, should be a priority for everyone, including individuals, families, communities, and local, state, and federal government. Any business where people utilizing their services could be at risk in the event of a disaster, including healthcare facilities, government agencies, conference centers, schools, airports, shopping malls, and others, needs to incorporate disaster preparedness and prevention into their business practices. It is important for them to ask: Does anything we do put anyone at risk of injury or worse? If a disaster happens, how will we protect everyone in our care? Ensuing injuries Witnessing grotesque injuries that expose the person to blood, mutilated body parts, and even death may produce stress that can result in severe psychological or psychiatric trauma. This can be heightened when the disaster is man-made with the intent to harm or kill as many innocent people as possible. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common malady following disasters. In addition to the initial physical injuries, behaviors during and after a disaster can also contribute to further trauma, both physical and emotional. Recognizing this potential affords the planners the opportunity to incorporate preventive measures. • Stress-Related Behaviors: People who can usually cope with day-to-day challenges are thrust into situations that overwhelm their coping skills, causing them to do things that they would not normally do or would find reprehensible when done by others. • Child Abuse – The behavior of trusted adults have a direct affect on how well children fare during and after a disaster. At first, the child may see the event as an adventure, but as time goes on, the stress can take its toll. Fear (their own and what is perceived from the adults), loss of all that is familiar, and displacement may cause the child to act out. Incessant crying, screaming, and demanding attention or material items can cause the adults (parents or others) to lash out at the child in inappropriate ways that can result in injury to the child. Of course, the

•

age of the child will also affect how well the child copes. Shaken Baby Syndrome is a real risk when adults or older children take their frustration out on an infant. Elder Abuse – It is difficult enough to be charged with the care of an elderly person in the best of times, but when you add the challenges associated with the aftermath of a disaster, the results can be devastating. The level of care required will depend upon the physical, emotional, mental, and behavioral capabilities of the elderly person, all of which can reach a higher level of acuity during the stress associated with a disaster. Fear, loss of all that is familiar, and displacement can worsen any pre-existing dementia and thus affect the level of care required. Other pre-existing medical conditions may worsen from stress or loss of medications. This places greater stress on the caregiver, especially if they are also responsible for caring for others such as small children. Intimate Partner Violence – Disasters, especially those that cause displacement and loss of control over one’s life, can lead to behavior that turns violent toward those that are closest to those impacted by the event. This can be exacerbated during stressful experiences. It is important to remember that violence is not solely a male characteristic. Women can be just as violent and abusive, although the mechanism may differ due to size and strength disparities. Assault (threat) and Battery (physical contact) – Frustration can lead to an exchange of words, but when this escalates into physical contact, a line has been crossed that needs to be recognized and interrupted before serious trauma results. Aggression – Again, frustration can lead to confrontation that becomes forceful. Personality conflicts are not uncommon when masses of victims are forced to exist in less than desirable conditions. Close contact, often seen as invasion of one’s personal space, can cause a person to lash out.

• Depression – Disasters are lifechanging events. Some sadness is expected, but when the depression interferes with the person’s ability to function, intervention is indicated. Depression can impede the ability to care for one’s self or one’s children. They may be incapable of meeting even their most basic needs. Usual coping mechanisms are hampered by depression—the degree depends upon the depth of their despair and feelings of hopelessness. The severity of the event, degree of loss, injury, displacement, and length of time exposed to adverse situations all impact a person’s ability to cope. Survivor guilt may increase risk of suicide. • Survival Instincts: The fear of not having access to life-sustaining provisions drives a person or persons to do whatever they deem necessary to obtain such provisions, even if such behavior is well out of the norm for the person. If someone is hungry and thirsty and they see that another person has food and water, they may decide to take what they need, no matter what and by whatever means. This drive may increase if the need is for their child. If a person becomes desperate enough, their actions can become uncontrollable until their need is met. This desperation can lead to the following: • Assault and battery • Robbery • Trading favors • Homicide • Sexual Predators, Rapists, and Pedophiles: This falls into a category of its own. They are driven by internal forces that may have nothing to do with the disaster; however, the stress of the situation may weaken any restraint they have, which could cause them to lose control. If they are put into a confined area with other displaced victims of the disaster, they may find easy prey. The rape of a loved one or the sexual abuse of a child can adversely affect the victim’s partner or family and cause them to turn to violence themselves to avenge the act. Knowing this is a real possibility affords the planners the opportunity to take preventive measures into consideration to address both the attacks as well as the potential for violent response. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

ROLE OF THE FORENSIC NURSE IN PREPAREDNESS AND PREVENTION Forensic nurses contribute to disaster preparedness by using our knowledge to identify potential risks for injuries that could result in legal action, eliminate or mitigate these risks whenever possible, and educate planners when such risks remain. Our goal is prevention. Forensic nurses are first and foremost nurses. We initially develop our assessment skills through our nursing training and practice, incorporating the nursing process into our practice to strengthen these skills. Developing a nursing diagnosis requires the nurse to anticipate potential problems based on an individual’s assessment. Through root cause analysis, identified problems are assessed and the cause determined so interventions can be incorporated. As forensic nurses we focus on “identification, management, and prevention of intentional and unintentional injuries in a global community” (Forensic Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, 2009). Our forensic nursing practice centers on medico-legal cases—trauma cases that have the potential for legal consequences. Forensic nurses work closely with healthcare, law enforcement, and legal professionals. The ability to identify and collect evidentiary materials and evidenced-based documentation that support forensic cases demonstrate our observation skills. Teamwork has always been the cornerstone of nursing practice. It is this aspect, along with all the skill sets, that enables the forensic nurse to be a valued team member in all preparedness and prevention activities. Through our participation in past disasters, we have already demonstrated our capabilities in disaster response, but our participation in preparedness and prevention has been limited to activities that “prepared” us for “response” activities. Utilizing our skill to identify, eliminate, or mitigate risks prior to an incident has been negligible, if at all.

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Jocelyn Augustino/FEMA - Location: Moore, OK

Implementing the Nursing Process The nursing process is used to ensure a systematic approach to preparedness activities. The following scenario demonstrates how the nursing process is used in the disaster preparedness process: Tornadoes are very prevalent in the area and have been determined to be the most likely source of disaster for the community. The forensic nurse is a participating team member in the disaster preparedness process. Her/his focus is on trauma of potential forensic cases that could result from such a disaster event.

Assessment

Analysis

✓✓Anticipated Trauma

✓✓Determine likely causes of the physical injuries identified in the Assessment

• Physical Injuries: Based upon historical data from previous tornado events, most of the physical injuries listed under the “Potential Forensic Cases” section could occur as a result of a tornado. The causes of the injuries identified in the analysis will determine if they are potential forensic cases. • Stress-Induced Trauma (based upon historical data from previous disasters and mass sheltering): • Abuse—child, elder, intimate partner • Other violence— aggression, assault and battery, robbery, homicide • Fear of or actual exposure to communicable disease(s) • Mental health disorders— depression, PTSD • Fear for immediate safety and well-being • Fear of future

• Building destruction • Flying debris • Falling objects or structures • Exposed toxins • Displacement and stress related issues resulting in harm to self or others ✓✓Priority: Getting as many people as possible into safe areas will help prevent many of the physical injuries ✓✓Determine likely causes of stress during and in the aftermath of a tornado

• Witnessing grotesque physical injury or death • Fear of not being able to fulfill responsibilities to family and love ones • Inability to control ensuing events • Uncertain future • Loss—loved one, home, possessions, livelihood • Potential exposure to illness or communicable disease • Fear for personal safety or safety of loved ones • Development of psychological or mental health problems • Lack of survival needs or resources

Nursing Diagnosis for Forensic Nursing Problems and Issues (Note: During an actual event, the nursing diagnosis would be updated as problems and issues were identified, evolved, or resolved during the response stage. For the purposes of prevention, the nursing diagnosis is based upon anticipated problems identified from historical data. For this section, I have used a simplified list.) ✓✓Risk of infection of open wounds due to interruption of skin barrier integrity ✓✓Risk of illness due to unsanitary conditions ✓✓Risk of injury due to altered state of consciousness or neurological defect ✓✓Fear related to cognitive confusion ✓✓Disturbance in sleep pattern related to anxiety ✓✓Fear related to perceived inability to control situation

✓✓Priority: Providing adequate shelter and resources for people impacted by the tornado will decrease much of the stress and related effects

Vehicles were piled on top of each other in the parking lot of St. John’s Regional Medical Center on Monday, May 23, 2011, after a tornado swept through the heart of the city on Sunday in Joplin, Missouri. (Shane Keyser/ Kansas City Star/MCT) Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

Plan Development ✓✓Provide education on how to recognize when weather conditions are apt to produce a tornado and when to take shelter ✓✓Identify available safe rooms or locations that provide immediate protection for individuals, families, community members from the destructive forces of the tornado ✓✓Collaborate with planners responsible for mass sheltering of those whose homes are damaged or destroyed to ensure they consider forensic nursing concerns when determining where sheltering will occur and how needs will be met, including supplies, medical needs, security, counseling, sanitation, etc. ✓✓Provide educational programs on tornado safety including:

• Risk of injuries from collapsing buildings, breaking/ flying glass, falling bricks • Risk of falling objects and the need to secure items on shelves, bookcases, etc.

The neighborhood to the west of St. John’s Regional Medical Center in Joplin, Missouri, is seen Monday, May 23, 2011, the day after it was hit by a tornado. (Jaime Green/Wichita Eagle/MCT)

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Implementation of Plan ✓✓Offer educational presentations to schools, businesses, general public

• Provide general weather information on how to identify weather conditions that are right for the development of tornado • Ask for assistance from local weather stations • Internet search for what information already available • Provide list of emergency radio stations • Tips for personal safety ✓✓Offer education to general public on what and where to go if warned of impending tornado

• Safest areas if at home or in public location • Improved instructional signage • Brief public safety messages on radio and TV ✓✓Consult with shelter planners to ensure preparedness and preventive measures, address risk of potential forensic trauma cases ✓✓Consult with other planners to initiate interventions to eliminate, mitigate, or promote awareness of risk for incurring specific injuries

Evaluation ✓✓Determine if elimination, mitigation, or education of identified potential risks have been completed, partially completed, or not addressed ✓✓Determine if the interventions have been implemented, including educational programs, signage, public service messaging The evaluation can only determine if the interventions were incorporated and if opportunities for any additional interventions were identified. Determining the effectiveness of preparedness and prevention measures may be the most difficult aspect of the evaluation step because we cannot evaluate actual effectiveness until another disaster occurs. Therefore, we must use retrospective review to evaluate the interventions— if these measures had been taken prior to, during, or in the aftermath of a previous disaster caused by a tornado, what would have been the expected outcome? It is this evaluation that will allow the forensic nurse to develop more comprehensive and relevant preparedness plans based upon knowledge acquired from past experiences. This is stated with the understanding that not all risks can be predetermined or prevented. That is why this is an ongoing process that requires review and revision as we gain more knowledge with every incident.

CONCLUSION The purpose of this article is to introduce forensic nurses to a new and exciting area for them to pursue. With the advantage of hindsight, we can use knowledge learned from past disasters to predict the types of trauma that will likely occur in similar future situations. This wisdom affords forensic nurses the prospect to take preemptive measures and be proactive rather than only reactive. Our assessment skills, our ability to anticipate potential problems based upon risk, and our aptitude for recognizing causes and possible interventions should compel disaster managers to eagerly include the forensic nurse in all preparedness and prevention activities. The contributions that forensic nurses bring to disaster preparedness and prevention are no less important than their contributions to disaster response. Some would argue preparedness is even more important. Once the forensic nurse identifies the elephant, elimination, mitigation, and education can prevent much of the projected devastation caused by the elephant rampaging unimpeded through the area. References: American Nurses Association, International Association of Forensic Nurses. (2009). Forensic nursing: scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring, MD: Author Bader, D. M., Gabriel, S. (2010). Forensic nursing: a concise manual. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Law Program. (2009). Frequently asked ques-

tions about federal public health emergency law. Retrieved from http://www2a.cdc.gov/phlp/emergencyprep/fphelfaq.asp Ehrenreich, J. H., McQuaide, S. (2001). A guidebook to psychosocial intervention. Revised edition. Retrieved from http://www.toolkitsportdevelopment. org/htl/resources/7B/7BB3B2503EB8-44C6-AA8ECC6592C53550/CopingWithDisaster.pdf Federal Aviation Administration. (2011). Flightcrew member duty and rest requirements (14 CFR Parts 117, 119, and 121). Retrieved from http://www.faa. gov/regulationspolicies/rulemaking/recently- published/media/2120-AJ58-FinalRule.pdf Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Emergency use authorization of medical products guidance. (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act section 564). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Regulatory Information/Guidances/ucm125127.htm Gionis, TA, Marshall LW Jr, Wecht C. (2007). Public health law and disaster medicine: understanding the legal environment (Abstract). American Journal of Disaster Medicine. Mar-Apr, 2(2), 6473. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/18271154 Goldschmitt, D., Bonvino, R. (2009). Medical disaster response: a survival guide for hospitals in mass casualty events. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Hodge, JG Jr. (2012). The evolution of law in biopreparedness (Abstract). Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. Mar, 10(1), 38-48. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22455677 Lynch, V. A. (2006). Forensic nursing. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) . (2007). NANDA-1 nursing diagnoses: Definitions and classifications, 2007-2008. Philadelphia: NANDA International Purcell, P. (2004). Disaster prep101: the ultimate guide to emergency readiness. Atlanta, GA: Author. Distributed by infoQuest World Health Organization. Department of Injuries and Violence Prevention. (2005). Violence and disasters. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/ violence_injury_prevention/

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Linda doyle, RN, CLNC, CFN, CMIIII, CHS-III, CDP-I, DABFN, is a consultant in forensic nursing, legal nurse consulting, medical investigation, and disaster preparedness and response. She has an extensive nursing background in CCU, ICU, ER (MICN), infection control, nursing education, home health, public health, and has been a member of a HazMat team. She served as the County Medical Health Operational Area Coordinator (MHOAC) when she was the Bioterrorism/Disaster Services Coordinator for Modoc County Public Health Department in Northern California. As an educator, Linda has presented at local, state, and national conferences. She strives to assist organizations, communities, businesses, and facilities to develop and implement effective disaster preparedness and response programs that utilize planning, training, and exercising. Linda is a life member of the American College of Forensic Examiners Institute (ACFEI) and the American Board for Certification in Homeland Security (ABCHS). She serves as a Diplomate for the American Board of Forensic Nursing for ACFEI.

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

FEATURE What is your background?

Tactically training women: An interview with

Karen Bartuch

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

I have been in law enforcement since 2002 and have worked a variety of assignments, from undercover/tactical operations, to policy advisor, to the superintendent of police. I entered law enforcement after working in corporate America for a few years after I graduated college. I was wholly unsatisfied with corporate jobs and wanted to help people and be a part of something bigger than myself, so I tried out for the Chicago Police Department. After working for several years as a policy advisor to the superintendent I went back to school and earned a master’s degree in public relations and advertising. During this time I also founded the Women’s Tactical Association (WTA). My undergraduate degree is in psychology from Northwestern University.

Why did you decide to create membership organizations for women? It was a culmination of events: 1. I was putting together training for our SWAT team and found myself wanting to attend every class! 2. I responded to an officer-involved shooting early in my career and was shot at for over an hour, during which time I had an epiphany that the gun I was carrying was not the best, nor were my skills, nor did I have a long gun. At that point I decided I would not be in that situation again and started attending training on my own time and dime. I was often the only female, but knew there were others that were like me, so I decided to start a training organization geared toward women in law enforcement.

Which organization came first—Alpha Girls or WTA, and what made you decide to do both?

Is there networking?

What do you hope to accomplish within each organization?

“All women need to be able to protect

For both organizations the goal is to empower women (and men) by providing them with skills—whether that is firearms, fitness, or combat mindset, etc.

themselves, so with AlphaGirls I was

Yes—we have very active online communities, and for AlphaGirls we WTA was first – and it was a paradigm shift for some folks in that really try to make the events more social since many women are inthey felt specialized or tactical training was reserved for SWAT timidated by guns. For instance, we hosted a “Firearms and Fashion teams, not folks in patrol. My theory was that wherever you work Show” in Chicago, where the point was to combine a sensitive topic— in Chicago you need to have specialized training, and the same guns—with a more traditional topic for women—fashion—and it thought led me to start AlphaGirls—why should police be the only was a huge success! ones that have specialized training? All women need to be able to protect themselves, so with AlphaGirls I was hoping to impart my Do you need to live in a certain location law enforcement skills and knowledge to all women, but gear it to- to take advantage of membership? ward their own personal safety. Plus we (the WTA) were constantly Nope, the WTA is worldwide and so is AlphaGirls. We take our show getting asked about courses for civilians, to attend so it made sense on the road! to start AlphaGirls.

What type of exercises do women go through with your programs? What programs are available? We provide soup to nuts as far as personal protection—hand-to-hand combatives, firearms, combat mindset, and leadership seminars for beginners or advanced. For the firearms courses, we provide all of the guns and ammo so that if the student hasn’t made a purchasing decision we can help them do that.

hoping to impart my law enforcement skills and knowledge to all women, but gear it toward their own personal safety.”

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

What are the benefits of membership in Alpha Girls? Why is it so important for civilian women, who may have no previous interest in guns, to be trained to use firearms?

As for firearms, education is key and the more skilled you are the more confident you are. My advice would be to start small and take a course for beginners so you can learn nomenclature and the fundamentals—before you purchase a weapon. AlphaGirls does not have a membership fee (WTA has a $40/year As for combatives—you can jump right in with our courses—they fee). The benefits of belonging to AlphaGirls and/or WTA is being are super fun and students get to beat each other up—no skills or able to network with like-minded men and women and to learn self- experience required. protection on a regular basis. It is a personal choice to want to learn firearms—I am a strong believer in them for women, because if you are well-trained you do not have to be afraid in any situation. The bad guys are looking for victims not opponents, and a well-armed, well-trained woman is never a victim.

What are the requirements for membership in each association?

Karen Bartuch

WTA offers civilian, law enforcement/military and corporate memberships. AlphaGirls is open to all!

What advice do you have to women out there who would like to learn more about defending herself? Mental mindset is very important—if you have interest in or are curious about self-protection that is a great start! Some women don’t even consider this type of training, or think they will “rise to the occasion” or, “it won’t happen to me.” The truth is you will default to your level of training, and women are victims too often.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

womenstactical.ning.com

womenstactical@sbcglobal.net www.facebook.com/womenstactical 773.294.5944

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

BOOK REVIEW

forensic nursing:

Evidence-Based Principles and Practice

available to students of forensic nursing. Each unit explores each aspect therein. In Unit 1, the student will glean an overview of the profession, from the legal and ethical complexities to the educational history and frameworks continually being built upon. While outlining what a forensic nurse is, the authors also explain the other expectations placed upon these individuals and the gravity of the work at hand. In the second unit, the reader is thrust into the realities of the field, examining the role of violence and its impact on victims, perpetrators, investigators, and healthcare professionals. Using real examples, the text offers a unique learning experience through evidence-centric ideas and practices, touching on topics vital to the apprehension and prosecution of suspects while retaining a degree of compassion and healing efforts on the victim’s behalf. By Unit 3, students are introduced to more specialized topics such as correctional and mental health nursing, as well as emergency room forensics and elder abuse. This allows readers to expand their understanding and scope of the field should they choose to take advantage of the many opportunities within the profession. Lastly, in the fourth and final unit, the text goes further to expound on topics such as human trafficking, human rights violations, and disaster preparedness—three very important, but often overlooked, issues in healthcare education.

By Rose E. Constantino, Patricia A. Crane, and Susan E. Young

This textbook uses several key educational

425 pages • ISBN 978-0803621855

tools to set itself apart from others on the market, including offering incredible insights into

forensic nursing through real-life scenarios. It he textbook, Forensic Nursing: Evidence-Based Principles and Practice, seeks to introduce the student to prelimialso employs a brilliant strategy of competennary topics in the field as it pertains to the healthcare and criminal justice industries. It begins with the fundamental frameworks of forensics and nursing, delving into how the two cies and end-of-chapter reviews to help the complement one another to form a vital service for victims and law reader retain information as they advance enforcement professionals. The student will find themes pertaining to ethical, investigative, and legal matters throughout the text, as through each unit, all while utilizing the adwell as the typology of violence and various abuses. With every chapter, the authors reiterate the roles of the forensic vice and skills of field experts to enhance the nurse as an investigator and victim advocate, and the need for research to continue to advance the field in hopes of preventing and educational experience of each reader. n prosecuting violence. By defining and redefining what it means to be a forensic nurse and developing this profession, the authors can bring to the forefront the various physical, mental, and sexual abuses and human rights violations experienced by men, women, and children across the country and the world. It is especially important to note the history of the field to understand where it has been, and the trajectory it will follow to expand and the challenges faced by its participants. While offering comprehensive coverage of the forensic nursing FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT THE Editor AT: experience, this text also itemizes and outlines very specifically what The Forensic Examiner® • 2750 E. Sunshine • Springfield, MO 65804 is required of workers in this field and the multiple career options OR AT: editor@acfei.com • 800.592.1399

Submit your book for review today!

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

BOOK REVIEW

expert witness in the legal system:

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to practical discussion of topics that directly relate to an expert witness: evidence in the courtroom, the roles and rules concerning an expert witness, and the presence of dishonest players within the legal system. Zedek also relays several circumstances in which he was compelled to defend his character, his professional opinion, or both. After a brief presentation of the field of forensic science, and the disciplines one may encounter as an expert witness inside a courtroom, Zedek takes some time to focus on his area of personal expertise: pharmacology. The role of an expert witness in the areas of pharmacology and toxicology is outlined in the context of both tort law (used to determine financial responsibility for wrongdoing) and federal drug law. Several of Zedek’s more interesting experiences in drug and alcohol analysis are also relayed. Things again take a philosophical turn when Zedek addresses the issue of indigent services, and whether the services of expert witnesses should be made available to those using public defense or legal aid services. Finally, Zedek tackles the question of public trust in the legal system. He identifies six areas within the legal system that he feels need significant improvement to increase the public trust in the system: disciplinary hearings, juror participation, police procedures (eyewitness identification and recorded interrogations), selection of judge, use of court TV, and town and village courts.

A Scientist’s Search for Justice By Morris S. Zedeck, PhD

244 pages • ASIN: B004C054XW

In his conclusions, Zedek offers his personal opinions on how to better achieve fairness and justice within the legal system and reduce the number of inaccurate and unjust rulings hand-

n “Expert Witness in the Legal System” (2010) author ed down: simple and broad rules of evidence Morris Zedek, PhD, gives a practical overview of the roles and responsibilities of an expert witness in the American discovery, better access to expert services for legal system, while at the same time examining philosophical questions that have arisen in the time he spent within the system. the indigent, more participation by the forensic Zedek received his doctorate in pharmacology from the University of Michigan and has earned research appointments at Yale University science community in legal proceedings and School of Law, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences. Zedek the establishment of standards within the field, has been operating as a consultant and expert witness for 17 years and has given scientific testimony at 191 trials. more scientific education for legal profession Zedek begins the book on a personal note, discussing his motivation and inspiration for writing—the misinformation and injustice als (especially judges). n he experienced during his time as an expert witness—and offering a collection of anecdotes that take the reader inside the life of an expert witness. The text moves on to discuss the stark contrast between science and the law—the stark objectivity of the scientific method weighed against the inherent subjectivity of moral code; the testability of a hypothesis as compared to the concept of legal sufficiency. Zedek FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT THE Editor AT: gives a brief overview of the origin of law, and its purpose, before The Forensic Examiner® • 2750 E. Sunshine • Springfield, MO 65804 going on to ask the question, “Does our legal system render justice?” OR AT: editor@acfei.com • 800.592.1399

Submit your book for review today!

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

FICTION

By Shelly Reuben n unpredictable set of circumstances brought me from the Midwest to a confrontation with a failed actress in a tenement on York Avenue. My Aunt Helena was the official tenant, but she had only kept Turns out that the “cane” was a walking stick, and he could spin the apartment because it was on the top floor of a six-flight walkup it like a drum major, or use it to pluck things (like purses) out of and had good light. She wanted to use it as an art studio, but after thin air. she married Uncle Pete, who was rich, she could paint anywhere in So began our alliance. the world. Angus Derby was born fifty-nine years earlier in the apartment So, over time, she used it less and less. across the hall from mine, where he lives today. After I was diagnosed with my “mysterious ailment” (I hate the He had been a small child, uninterested in athletics but mad word “disease,” don’t you?) and became an outpatient at Columbia about books. One of his teachers was a fencing master, and when Presbyterian, Aunt Helena said I could stay there as long as I liked. Angus, who had read every 19th Century French novel he could It had few amenities (the bathtub was in the kitchen), but was find, expressed an interest in swordplay—wanting, no doubt, to be decorated with flair, and after each hospital visit, I eagerly looked a musketeer—the teacher agreed to coach him in the sport. forward to going “home.” Despite the fatiguing climb, it was snug, Angus was wiry, graceful, and fast. charming, and…or so I thought…safe. He went to Temple University on a fencing scholarship, got a I met Angus Derby in the stairwell after my third treatment. doctorate in literature, and taught college for thirty years. After he I had barely made it to the the fifth floor before I collapsed on the retired, he became a competitive crossword puzzle player, won every top step like a marionette whose puppeteer had dropped the strings. game he played, stopped competing, and decided to write crossword When I heard movement on the landing below, I looked down. puzzles instead. Angus looked up. Before we met, I had never done a crossword puzzle in my life. I saw a leprechaun of a man leaning on a cane and wearing a That was to change. Derby hat—an irresistible affectation, given his last name—with a During the third week of our acquaintance, Angus decided to worried expression on his pleasant, rosy-cheeked face. teach me how to do them. Since he was a genius, he had every right In an attempt to add dignity to my predicament, I feebly pushed to be impatient with Little Miss Slow On The Uptake. Slow, being away from the railing, but as I moved, my purse slipped off my a euphemism for hopeless. If the clue was: “three letter word for lap. The little man leapt up the stairs, caught it by the strap with feline,” I would write, “ball.” his cane, twirled it twice around the tip, and neatly slid it back I couldn’t count to three, let alone remember that balls aren’t cats. into my lap. But Angus liked me, and didn’t give up. Instead he would read the I applauded as enthusiastically as my weakened condition would allow, clue aloud, and prod me gently. hungrier than I thought I would ever be for the sight of a friendly face. Angus: Summer cooler. Three letters.

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

F AN

D U M B B E L L E E S

Me: Fan. Angus: Excellent, Pia. Last week, you would have said hippopotamus. Me: You mean I’m right? Angus: No, but at least it’s three letters. After I figured out that “gunk” was “goo” in only fifteen tries, Angus said: Three letter word for Dumbbells actress. Me: From the television series? Angus: Yes. Me: Well, that’s easy. You use it all the time. L-E-E. Lee Brill. Dumbbells had gone off the air three years before I met Angus, so I had never seen the show, but after doing dozens of his puzzles, I felt that Lee must be a superstar. “She lived here once,” Angus told me. “In a sublet on the third floor.” Lee’s dream was to become famous, so she immediately began to go out on auditions. Dozens of them. Hundreds of them. And after a year of relentless effort, she finally got a starring role on a television series. Dumbbells was a comedy about a gym, and Lee Brill played a personal trainer. Her part required her to be beautiful, toned, and nasty. With her witchy green eyes and body of a goddess, she was easily all of that. The show ran ninety-three episodes. Seven short of the 100 required for syndication, but long enough for Lee to make a name for herself. Angus had liked her (but Angus likes all pretty girls), and began to use her name in his crosswords “to boost your career,” he laughed, even though he didn’t really believe it would affect her success one way or another. Shortly after she got the job, she moved across town and disappeared from Angus’ life. After her series was canceled, she seemed to disappear from celebrity, too.

Angus, however, continued to use L-E-E in his puzzles. “Why?” I asked. “Because it has one consonant and two vowels, and people remember her. Your name would work well, too, Pia,” he mused. “Let’s see… have you ever done anything to make you famous?” I hesitated. Finally, I admitted, “My father is a nurseryman, and he created a hybrid rose that smells like a lilac. He named it after me.” “It is obscure?” “Oh, no. If you search ‘hybrid lavender rose’ on the computer, ‘Pia’ pops right up.” “Excellent,” Angus purred. “From now on, you aren’t just beautiful, you are also a crossword puzzle clue.” I guess he expected me to clap my hands in glee. Instead, I said mournfully, “I have a better clue for P-I-A. Three letters meaning totally useless human being.” Angus walked to where I was slumped on the sofa (my mysterious ailment was taking so long to cure), kissed me on the forehead and said, “Far from useless, my dear, one day you will conquer the world.” What a sweetheart Angus is. And true to his word, he began to use my name…well, the name of my Pia rose, in his puzzles. He went back to work. I went back to the hospital. And we forgot about our conversation. At least, for two weeks. Now, I want to talk about fame. The dictionary definition is: “Widespread reputation of a favorable character.” Some people love it; some people hate it. Fame-haters hide in the wilderness and eat gruel. Fame-lovers continually reinvent themselves to appease their fans. And then, there are the others. People so pathologically addicted to fame that when they are no longer in the spotlight, they go…well…six letter word starting with “i” ending with “e” and meaning “bonkers.” Lee Brill fell into that category. I, however, did not know that until the day I heard a loud rap on my apartment door. I opened it, expecting to see Angus. I saw her instead. I will say this for Lee Brill. Anger and resentment had done nothing to diminish her looks. She was still as beautiful as she had been in the pictures that Angus showed me of her on her old TV show. The venom in her eyes, however, was a different story. “Um,” I said. I had never met her, but since she had once lived in my building and since we were both crossword puzzle clues, what could I say? “Um,” I said again. “Welcome back.” A psychiatric assessment was performed on Lee after the incident. It was supposedly confidential, but the psychiatrist was a crossword puzzle buff, and Angus was one of his heroes, so on the QT he gave Angus a summary. Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER®

It went something like this: Certain people define themselves Then she rolled over on her side, grasped her head in her hand, entirely by how they are perceived in the media. When they are no and moaned, “Oh, my God! Oh, my God!” longer cast in television shows or discussed in gossip columns, they Which was more or less the end of the episode. believe that they no longer exist. We didn’t press charges, Lee agreed to see a therapist, and I never With one exception, this diagnosis fit Lee to a T, since she hadn’t saw her again. been able to find any film or TV work after her series was cancelled. After that, there were a few changes in my life. The exception was her starring role in Angus Derby’s crossword puzzles. First, on my next hospital visit, I was told that, for all practical Meaning that whenever she saw her name as a clue, she could look purposes, I was cured. in a mirror and reassure herself that she was still there. Yay! Then I came along and appropriated even that tiny crumb of Second, Aunt Helena gave up the apartment. From that day immortality. forward, it was mine. Not that she knew who I was, and not that she had ever planned to Third, I decided to follow Angus’ advice and conquer the world. confront me. Her intention that day was merely to knock on Angus’ I haven’t figured out yet what my venue will be. Produce movdoor and ask him why he had stopped using her name. ies? Open a bakery? Write a book? Granted, a lot of rage would have been concealed in that question, Or learn how to fence like Angus. Skillfully, gracefully, and but Angus didn’t hear it because, when Lee got to the sixth floor, her valiantly, the way that my dapper friend had saved my life. eyes drifted to Aunt Helena’s apartment where, on the door, she saw Weeks later, I decided to press him on one point. my name…P-I-A. The name that had supplanted her name and an- “That bit with the lamp,” I said, trying to restrain a laugh. nihilated her world. “Exactly how would that be described in a glossary of fencing It must have felt like a punch to the gut. moves?” Speaking of which, I had barely opened the door before she lunged Angus smiled. His rosy cheeks glowed. His eyes twinkled. at me, with exactly that intention. Fortunately, I was so weak that I fell to the floor before she managed to connect. On the way down, I knocked over a small foyer table and “Sometimes,” he said fitting his a large ceramic ginger jar. Angus heard the racket from his apartment, flung open his door, derby on his head, offering and charged across the hall. By then, my visitor was whacking me with her handbag, and had me his arm, and leading me up gotten in a few good blows before Angus came at her, brandishing his walking stick like a sword. the block for a celebratory Lee was a foot taller than he, three decades younger, and crazy. But Angus was an avenging angel! dinner, “One simply does not The view from the floor was spectacular. First, he thrust the tip of his cane forward, flipped her handbag out have to play by the rules.” n of her hands, and flung it away. Then he jabbed her on one arm. Jab. Jab. Jab. Then the other. Jab. Jab. Jab. She waved her arms frantically, as if to ward off attacking bees. Copyright © 2013 Shelly Reuben Angus aimed his walking stick at her heart! She jerked her arms together and ducked. He dropped his cane, picked up a lamp, raised it high in the air, and calmly cracked it over her head. Lee glared up at him like an angry troll. ABOUT THE AUTHOR “Are you finished?” Angus calmly asked the motionless figure huddled on the floor. SHELLY REUBEN is an author, newspaper She jutted her chin forward, and spat. columnist, private detective, and certified Spat! fire investigator. Her novels have been nom “Now, Lee,” Angus said gently. “Is that any inated for Edgar, Prometheus, and Falcon way for a lovely young lady to behave?” awards. For more information about her She blinked. I think the words “lovely young work, visit www.shellyreuben.com. lady” hit her harder than the lamp.

P I ANGU S

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

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Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER速

ACFEI Divisions As an ACFEI member, you have the opportunity to be listed in our online referral service, Find a Forensic Specialist. Members receive 1 free listing, Diplomates receive 2, Fellows receive 3 and each additional listing is $35 per year.  I agree to have my work phone and e-mail information made publicly available on the Web site. Please select the division(s) under which you would like to be listed.  Accounting  Admirality  Behavioral Profiling  Chaplaincy  Chiropractic  Computer Forensics  Counseling  Criminalistics

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 Yes! Please sign me up for automatic dues renewal (only available if paying by credit card).  Paid in full $_______ Life Membership Only: Please accept $________ (min. $250) as a down payment and charge $________ (min. $200) per month until balance is paid in full. Card Number: ______________________________________________________ Expiration: ______________________________ Signature __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________________________________

Terms of Agreement I certify that the information I have provided to American College of Forensic Examiners Institute®(ACFEI) is true, correct, and complete. I am not providing misleading, false, or deceptive information. I understand that if I have provided misleading, false, or deceptive information, the association will pursue aggressive legal action. I may be asked to provide additional documentation. I understand that ACFEI reserves the right to verify any and all information that I provide. If I misrepresent my credentials, refuse to provide documentation at a later time if asked, or allow my membership with ACFEI to lapse, I understand and agree that my membership and/or certification status will be revoked and my membership terminated. If the documentation required for the credential or membership status for which I am applying is not received within 6 months from the date of application, I understand that no refund will be issued in the event of the cancelation or denial of my application. I agree that I will notify ACFEI in writing of any complaints, civil or criminal that is made against me. I agree to hold harmless and indemnify ACFEI and its officers, directors, employees, and agents for any misrepresentation of my credentials and for all claims, loss, judgment, or expense. ACFEI does not endorse, guarantee, or warrant the work or opinions of any individual members. Membership does not imply licensing or registration by the organization of a member’s qualifications, abilities, or expertise. The objective of ACFEI’s publications and the activities that it sponsors are for informative and educational purposes. The views expressed by the authors, publishers, or presenters are their own views and do not necessarily reflect those of ACFEI. ACFEI does not assume any responsibility or liability for its members or subscribers’ efforts to apply or use the information, suggestions, or recommendations made by the organization, publication resources, or activities. YES

 

Have you ever been convicted of a felony? If yes, please explain on a separate sheet of paper. Have you ever been disciplined, or are you currently under investigation, by a legal or licensing board? If yes, please explain on a separate sheet of paper.

Signature

Date

Submit the application: By mail: 2750 E. Sunshine, Springfield, MO 65804 | By fax: 417.881.4702 Online: www.acfei.com | By e-mail: cao@acfei.com | By phone: 800.423.9737 Page 2 of 2

THE FORENSIC EXAMINER® Winter 2013

ON SALE!

ACFEI logo products*

Featured Item The Forensic Examiner T-Shirt

This black Gildan-2000 tee is 100% preshrunk cotton with The Forensic Examiner® logo screen-printed in color on the left chest and “The Forensic Examiner®” with the thumb print logo screen-printed on the back. This shirt comes in men’s sizes S–3XL. Price: $24.00

Now Only $20 B.

CIRCULAR ACFEI PLAQUE $49

ACFEI GOLF SHIRT

ACFEI PATCH $5

(marine blue, sizes: men’s S to XXXL)

$48

ACFEI MEN’S OR WOMEN’S POLO

ACFEI MEN’S ACFEI WOMEN’S TACTICAL SHIRT DRESS SHIRT

(navy or tan, sizes: (blue or black, sizes: men’s S to XXXL; women’s— S to XXXL) navy only, S to XXL) $55

Name

ACFEI POCKET BOUILLON $60*

ACFEI LUGGAGE TAG $5

Special Order: requires 12–16 weeks for delivery

$55

ACFEI MEN’S DRESS SHIRT

(gray, sizes: S to XXXL; XLT &XXLT)

ACFEI MEN’S CAMP SHIRT (dark navy, sizes: S to XXXL)

$55

(blue, sizes: S to XXL)

$48

ACFEI MEN’S ALL-WEATHER JACKET

ACFEI MEN’S T-SHIRT

ACFEI MEN’S FLEECE JACKET

(navy, sizes: S to XXXL)

(navy, sizes: M to XXL)

$24

$60

(lt. blue/gray, sizes: S to XXXL)

$60

ACFEI LAPEL PIN $5

ACFEI JOTTER PAD $5

ACFEI PADFOLIO $20

ACFEI LABCOAT ACFEI TRACKSUIT

$55

(sizes: 32-50)

$40

(sizes: men’s S to XXXL; women’s S to XXL)

$99

*Limited supplies. Orders are based on availability.

I.D. Number

ITEM

Deliver To (Street Address Only)

SIZE

QTY

TOTAL

Address City/State/Zip Credit Card Number

Exp. Date

Signature PAYMENT METHOD (Please do not send cash.) r Check/Money Order r Mastercard/Visa r Am.Express r Discover (please make checks and money orders payable to ACFEI)

SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS:

Lapel pin, jotterpad, or luggage tag only $5.00. 1 item (other than above) $12.00, 2 items $13.00, 3 items $14.00, 4 items $15.00, 5 items $16.00, 6 items $17.00, 7 items $18.00, 8 items $19.00, 9 items $20.00, add $1.75 for each additional item. Standard overnight add $30.00 to number of items cost. International shipping add $50.00 to number of items cost. Allow 4–6 weeks for delivery.

ORDER TODAY!

Sub-Total Shipping & Handling Overnight Delivery Total

Winter 2013 THE FORENSIC EXAMINER 83 MAIL: 2750 E. Sunshine, Springfield, MO 65804 | PHONE: (800) 423-9737 | FAX: (417) 881-4702 ®

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF FORENSIC EXAMINERS Institute速 2750 E. Sunshine Street Springfield, MO 65804 www.acfei.com 800.592.1399

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