Closing the Expectation Gap
2009 Fourth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers
“For too many graduates, the American high school diploma signifies only a broken promise.” § The American Diploma Project (ADP) report Ready or Not: Creating a High School Diploma That Counts (2004) called attention to the critical gap between the expectations for high school graduation and those of postsecondary institutions and employers. § At the National Education Summit on High Schools in 2005, Achieve launched the American Diploma Project Network of 13 states working toward the common goal of closing the expectations gap. § ADP Network states have committed to four policy actions to better prepare students for college, the workplace and citizenship. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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American Diploma Project Network Agenda
§ Align high school standards with the demands of college and careers. § Require students to take a college- and career-ready curriculum to earn a high school diploma. § Build college-and career-ready measures into statewide high school assessment systems. § Develop reporting and accountability systems that promote college and career readiness.
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Four years later, the ADP Network includes 34 states educating nearly 85 percent of the nation’s students. VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
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I. Align High School Standards with the Expectations of College and the Workplace Since 2004, nearly half the states have revised their high school academic standards in English and/or mathematics to align them with the demands of postsecondary education and careers. This year, four new states report having adopted college- and careerready standards in English and/or mathematics, bringing the total number of states with aligned standards to 23.
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23 states have aligned standards VT
WA* ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN*
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ*
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
Aligned verified Aligned verified
standards formally by Achieve standards not by Achieve
*Only math standards aligned
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21 states and DC are in the process of aligning their standards (or have plans to do so) VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
In process, anticipate adoption in 2009 In process, anticipate adoption after 2009 Planning to align standards Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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II. Require students to take a college- and career-ready curriculum to earn a high school diploma. At the time of the National Education Summit in early 2005, only Texas and Arkansas had set their graduation course requirements at a level that would ensure that all graduates are prepared for success in college and the workplace. Today, 20 states and the District of Columbia require all students to complete a college- and career-ready curriculum, including two states that adopted new requirements in the past year. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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20 states and DC require a college- and career-ready diploma VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
Mandatory college- and career-ready diploma Default college- and career-ready diploma Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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8 states plan to raise their requirements to the college- and career-ready level VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
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III. Build college-and career-ready measures into statewide high school assessment systems. Every year, Achieve has asked states whether they have a test capable of measuring students’ college and career readiness and, if so, whether that test is used by postsecondary institutions. This year, Georgia is the only new state to require all high school students to take a college readiness assessment, bringing the total to 10 states. Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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10 states administer tests aligned with college and career expectations VT
WA ND
MT
WY
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
SD
NV CO
NH MA
MN
OR ID
ME
IL
KS
OH
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
RI CT
MD DC
NC
CA
TN AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
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10 states currently do use high school test results for college placement decisions Ten states administer high school assessments also used by higher education to place incoming students. § End-of-course: one state New York § Comprehensive high school assessments: three states California, Georgia and Texas § College admissions tests – the ACT or SAT: six states Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan and Tennessee Twenty-three states report plans to build college- and careerready assessments into their statewide testing system.
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23 states are developing tests aligned to college- and career-ready expectations VT
WA ND
MT
WY
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
SD
NV CO
NH MA
MN
OR ID
ME
IL
KS
OH
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
RI CT
MD DC
NC
CA
TN AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
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IV. Develop P-20 longitudinal data systems that generate accurate information about students readiness. Three new states reported to Achieve this year that they now have operational P–20 longitudinal data systems and have begun to match student-level data between the K–12 and postsecondary systems at least once annually. This brings the total number of states with P–20 longitudinal data systems to 12.
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12 States have P-20 longitudinal data systems and match student data at least once annually VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
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37 states and DC are developing or planning P-20 longitudinal data systems VT
WA ND
MT OR
MI PA
IA NE
UT
NY
WI
WY NV CO
NH MA
MN
SD
ID
ME
IL
KS
IN
NJ DE
WV
VA
KY
MO
CA
OH
RI CT
MD DC
NC TN
AZ
OK
NM
SC
AR MS
TX
AL
GA
LA FL
AK
HI
In process of developing P-20 data systems, online in 2009 Planning P–20 data systems, online in 2010–11 Planning P-20 data systems but no target online date Achieve | 2009 CLOSING THE EXPECTATIONS GAP
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States Must Have Robust Data Collection Efforts that Include College- and CareerReady Indicators § Over time, states must continue to build college- and careerready indicators into their data systems and produce meaningful annual reports to key stakeholders to inform accountability decisions, classroom instruction and program evaluations. § Having the right data is just the first step; the next challenge for all state leaders is to commit to using data to strengthen the preparation of students for postsecondary success.
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Do States Track These College- and CareerReady Indicators in Their P-20 Longitudinal Data Systems? States are making progress, but gaps in data collection persist… Number of States That Include Indicators in Their Data Systems Indicator
YES
PLAN
28
23
College- and Career-Ready Testing
7
7
College- and Career-Ready Diploma
15
12
College Remediation Rate
22
13
Earning College Credit While Still in High School
15
7
Cohort Graduation Rate
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V. Develop reporting and accountability systems that promote college and career readiness. To fully implement the college- and career-ready agenda, state accountability systems must value and promote college and career readiness. State accountability systems must include a broad array of college- and career-ready indicators. For the indicators to be meaningful and to drive improvement in the system, they must be used effectively.
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Continuum of College- and Career-Ready Indicators
Approaching College and Career Readiness
Meeting College and Career Readiness*
Exceeding College and Career Readiness
Course Completion and Success
Timely credit accumulation
Successful completion of college- and career-ready course of study
Participation in Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB) and dual enrollment courses
Achievement
Performance or aligned assessments
Meeting standards on the college- and career ready
College-level performance on AP and/ or IB exams
Attainment
Graduation
Earning a college- and career-ready diploma
Earning credits in dual enrollment courses Applying to and enrolling in postsecondary
*Metrics based on indicators of “Mee0ng College and Career Readiness� should be weighted most heavily.
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State Accountability System Elements and Their Uses
Publicly Report Indicator
Set Performance Goals
Offer Incentives to Improve
Factor into Accountability Formula
YES
PLAN
YES
PLAN
YES
PLAN
YES
PLAN
23
28
17
34
3
5
14
27
College- and Career-Ready Testing
6
8
1
2
3
0
3
4
College- and Career-Ready Diploma
11
17
8
7
4
1
4
10
College Remediation Rate
18
8
3
5
1
2
2
5
9
8
5
3
2
4
0
4
Cohort Graduation Rate
Earning College Credit While Still in High School
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State Progress on Adopting Policies To Ensure That High School Students Graduate College and Career Ready 23
Standards
4
7
8
4
14
8
45
21
Graduation Requirements
8
5
6
2
8
29
10
Assessments
6
2 11
33
23 12
P–20 Data Systems
3 2
4
0
3
9
10
50
29
20
30
40
In Place by 2006
In Place by 2007
In Place by 2008
In Place by 2009
Anticipated in Place by 2010
In Process or Planning
50
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Closing the Expectation Gap
2009 Fourth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers