Graduation Requirements
November 2016
achieve.org
DIPLOMAS THAT MATTER: ENSURING EQUITY OF OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES An estimated 85 to 90 percent of students with disabilities can meet the same graduation standards as all other students, as long as they receive specially designed instruction and the appropriate access, supports, and accommodations required by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).i Yet the national graduation rate for students with disabilitiesii has risen from 56.9 percent in 2006 only to 66.3 percent in 2014.iii In addition to these low graduation rates, questions persist as to whether students with disabilities are being given access to a rigorous course of study that will prepare them for college and career.iv States do a disservice to students with disabilities when they are not given the opportunity to earn a regular diploma with adequate supports or when they are held to lower expectations. Further, a lack of clarity within and across states about what diploma options are available to students with disabilities and … an estimated 85 to 90 percent of students with whether these diploma options count in the calculation of disabilities can meet the same graduation standards graduation rates makes it difficult to determine how well students as all other students, as long as they receive specially with disabilities are being served and whether they leave high designed instruction and the appropriate access, school prepared for next steps. If they do not know what supports, and accommodations … diploma options exist for students with disabilities and the rigor of those options, students, parents, policymakers, postsecondary institutions, and employers alike are left to wonder, “Have students with disabilities met the same standards as their peers without disabilities?” “How many students with disabilities graduate with a diploma that is available only to students with disabilities and not to all students, and what is the value of that diploma?” “If students with disabilities earn a regular diploma, does that mean that they are ready for postsecondary education or employment?” To try to understand the diploma options available for students with disabilities, Achieve and the National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO) at the University of Minnesota partnered to analyze the diplomas available in each state for the graduating class of 2015. Achieve and NCEO also compared the course and assessment requirements for earning a regular diploma in each state for students with disabilities and their peers without disabilities.v Key Findings In 26 states and the District of Columbia, the only diploma available for students with disabilities was the regular diploma (in other words, no diploma options were available only to students with disabilities). In 24 states, additional diplomas were available exclusively for students with disabilities. • Course requirements: When states offer diploma options that are exclusively for students with disabilities, they are more likely to require these students to complete the same coursework as their peers without disabilities to earn a regular diploma. However, in states where the only diploma option is a regular diploma, the course requirements for students with disabilities are likely to be less rigorous than the requirements for students without disabilities. As a result, students with disabilities can end up completing a different course of study from their peers without disabilities and still earn the same regular diploma. • Assessment requirements: When states have assessment requirements for students to graduate, the expectations for students with disabilities are more likely to be similar to those for students without disabilities than coursework requirements. In six states, the assessment expectations for students with disabilities to earn the regular diploma are left to local Individualized Education Program (IEP) teams to decide; consequently, students with disabilities are not expected to meet the same assessment requirements as their peers without disabilities. • Graduation rate: In states that have diploma options available exclusively for students with disabilities, the graduation rate is an average of 7.6 percentage points lower than in states where the only diploma option is the regular diploma. The graduation rates for students with disabilities are also lower when requirements are the same as for students without disabilities, but the students with disabilities who do graduate have been held to the same performance standards as other students and are more likely to be college and career ready.
November 2016