Achmad Tardiyana-Arsitektur Biofilik

Anthropocene

The Anthropocene Epoch is an unofficial unit of geologic time, used to describe the most recent period in Earth’s history when human activity started to have a significant impact on the planet’s climate and ecosystems.

In 1962, Rachel Carson's “Silent Spring” was published. This book created a lot of anger and controversy. The book was written to warn people about all of the problems that could arise from the use of pesticide on crops and killing insects.

Specifically, Silent Spring explained how indiscriminate application of agricultural chemicals, pesticides, and other modern chemicals polluted our streams, damaged bird and animal populations, and caused severe medical problems for humans

The main theme of Silent Spring is the destruction of the delicate balance of nature by the wholesale use of insecticides. Rachel Carson carefully explains what the balance of nature is. She describes the balance of nature of the soil, of the earth's waters, and of the organisms of the earth. (Wikipedia)

1969 First earth photo taken from the outer space

A down-to-earth reminder of our need to ‘widen our understanding and solidarity to planetary level’. She notes the “inescapable interconnectedness of the planet which the human race must share if it is to survive”.

Climate change is becoming the greatest threat to our continued life on this one and only earth. The urgent need to cut emissions of greenhouse gases forces us to accept our close inter-connectedness, and must be allied with a belief in the possibility of collective action, however daunting the constraints

Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report in recognition of former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland's role as Chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), was published in 1987 by the United Nations through the Oxford University Press.

Its targets were multilateralism and interdependence of nations in the search for a sustainable development path. The report sought to recapture the spirit of the Stockholm Conference which had introduced environmental concerns to the formal political development sphere. Our Common Future placed environmental issues firmly on the political agenda; it aimed to discuss the environment and development as one single issue.

Pollution from industries

Green Architecture

Low environmental impact/ low carbon strategy: Minimizing harm to the natural system

Sustainable Architecture

Biophilic Architecture

Positive environmental impact/ biophilic approach design: Long term of restoring and enhancing people’s positive relationship to nature

Focus on energy and resources efficiency, sustainable products and materials, safe waste generation and disposal, pollution abatement, indoor environmental quality

Focus on well-being through the relationship of human and nature as an inherent human affinity with nature directly, indirectly and symbolically

The concept of biophilia

The biophilia hypothesis suggests that there is an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems

It was first used by Erich Fromm to describe a psychological orientation of being attracted to all that is alive and vital

Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book, Biophilia (1984). The term "biophilia" means "love of life or living systems“ Or "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life“

“The concept of biophilia implies that humans hold a biological need for connection with nature on physical, mental, and social levels and this connection affects our personal wellbeing, productivity, and societal relationships.” (Sheeps Meadow, 2004) .

Biophilia which explores how people’s instinctive affinity for the natural world drives them to directly interact with nature, and how activities like walking in a forest ravine, swimming or fishing in a free-flowing stream, or hiking and camping on a mountaintop , can confer a range of vital physical and mental benefits

Psychological phenomenon that “people who live in secure and familiar places are more likely to derive the benefits afforded by the natural world that tend to make their lives more satisfying and productive

Biophilia cares about physical, mental and social factors, looks at both humans and nature, and discusses how to benefit both sides through innate intercommunication, and in so doing build a positive human-nature relationship

The fundamental goal of biophilic design is to create an effective habitat for people as biological organisms inhabiting modern structures, landscapes, and communities

The effectiveness of biophilic design depends on interventions that are connected, complementary, and integrated within the overall environment rather than being isolated or transient.

The relevance of biophilic approach in architecture

In average the western society individual spend about 90% of its time indoors. Cities and indoor environments are dominated by man-made objects. Many traditional design strategies that ignore nature can lead to negative impacts on human health, child development, community safety and worker satisfaction. (Browning, 2012)

In the coming months, recognition of nature’s therapeutic value will likely grow, perhaps especially after the pandemic ends and the traumatic effects continue …. Our post-pandemic challenge will not only be to preserve the last remaining natural places, but to create more of them, especially in cities—and to make sure all children and adults, not just a few, receive the gifts of nature.

(Rich Louv, Author + Founder of the Children & Nature Network)

Six elements of biophilic design (Kellert)

1. Environmental features, characteristics and features of the natural environment such as sunlight, fresh air, plants, animals, water, soils, landscapes, natural colors and natural materials such as wood and stone.

2. Natural shapes and forms - simulation and mimicking of shapes and forms found in nature. These include botanical and animal forms such as leaves, shells, trees, foliage, ferns, honeycombs, insects, other animal species and body parts.

3. Natural patterns and processes - functions, structures and principles characteristic of the natural world, especially those that have been instrumental in human evolution and development.

4. Light and space, spatial and lighting features can evoke the sense of being in a natural setting. These include natural lighting, a feeling of spaciousness and more subtle expressions such as sculptural qualities of light and space, and the integration of light, space, and mass.

5. Place-based, connections between buildings and the distinctive geographical, ecological and cultural characteristics of particular places and localities. This can be achieved through incorporating geological and landscape features, the use of local and indigenous materials and connections to particular historic and cultural traditions.

6. Evolved human relationships to nature, basic inborn inclinations to affiliate with nature such as the feeling of being in a coherent and legible environment, the sense of prospect and refuge, the simulation of living growth and development, and evoking various biophilic values.

Terrapin Bright Green 14 patterns of biophilic design

Economic benefits with Biophilic design

Work place - when well-designed, spaces can reduce deficient productivity, absenteeism, loss of focus, negative mood, and poor health. (Kellert, 2008).

Hospitals - incorporating natural elements into the healthcare industry can reduce the cost of both patient care and staffing while improving medical outcomes.

Retail Spaces -the psychologically soothing and calming effect of nature can draw shoppers into stores with biophilic elements can boost sales compared to those without.

Education – classrooms can be strategically designed with biophilic elements to foster better test scores, optimal health, and increased learning rates.

Schoolyards with natural elements can trigger mental restoration, better behavior and enhanced focus in students.(Wolf, 2014

Biophilic Design in Practice

Vo Trong Nghia, Binh House

Vo Trong Nghia, Halong Villa

Vo Trong Nghia, Stepping Park House

UID Architects, Casaneiro House

Sigit Kusumawijaya, Veranda House

Achmad Tardiyana, Rumah Awiligar

Heatherwick Studio, 1000 Trees

Vincent Callebout, Millenial Vertical Forest

Serie, Oasis

Stefano Boeri, Bosco Verticale

Stefano Boeri, Urban Fertical Farm

Jean Nouvel, Compound House

Urbane,

Working Spaces

Emilio Ambasz, ACROS International Hall

Rogers Stirk Harbour, ICONE

Design Unit Architect Sdn. Bhd., Factory in the Forest

Selgascano, Second Home Holywood Office

Achmad Tardiyana + LAPI Ganeshatama, Pusat Inkubasi Bisnis ITB Cirebon

Kevin Low, PJ Tower

Shigeru Ban, Tamedia Office

Kengo Kuma, Biophilic Office

UNStudio, Green Spine

Foster and Partners, Oceanwide Centre

Vo Trong Nghia, Farming Kindergarten

WOHA,

Vo Trong Nghia, UPF Hanoi

Urbane + LAPI Ganeshatama, ITB Ganesha Campus

Hospitality

Bali,

Geoffrey Bawa, Kandalama Hotel

Paulus Mintarga, Greenhost Hotel

StuDO, Vivarium

Sou Fujimoto, Shiroiya Hotel

Vo Trong Nghia, Chicland Hotel

Heatherwick Studio, Maggie’s Centre

Foster and Partners, Maggie’s Centre

RMJM, Khoo Teck Phuat Hospital

Sou Fujimoto, Shiroiya Hotel

Heatherwick Studio, Tokyo

Jon Jerde, Namba Park

Moshe Safdie, The Jewel

Nikken Sekkei, Shanghai Greenland Centre

Urbane, Nipah Outdoor Mall

Assar Architect and Vincent Callebaut, Belgian Pavilion EXPO 2020

Kevin Roche & John Dinkeloo, Oakland Art Museum

Renzo Piano, Tjibaou Centre

Sukarno-Hatta Terminal 3: soooo boring

Integrated Design Associates, Maktan Cebu Airport

Rogers Stirk Harbour and Estudio Lamela, Barajas Airport T4

Paul Andreu, Soekarno Hatta Airport

Santiago Calatrava, Oculus

, Andra Matin, Bandara Belimbingsari

Typical street in Indonesia

Melbourne Lanes

Cheonggyecheon

Perumahan Surabaya

Jalan Dago Bandung

Telajakan Bali

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